M are toxic chemical compounds produced by molds, which can have important consequences in human and animal health (see Brief 3).The most important mycotoxin types are aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2; fumonisin B1;T-2 toxin; zearalenone; ochratoxin A; and deoxynivalenol. In humans the presence of mycotoxins in foods can be cumulative, leading to cancers and immune-deficiency diseases. Immediate, acute symptoms may also occur. Either way, the effects are not entirely understood. In animals, mycotoxins can reduce production efficiency, increase the death rate, and reduce feed conversion efficiency.When present in feed, some mycotoxins can pass into eggs or milk and subsequently prejudice human health. The economic consequences of the presence of mycotoxins in food, feed, and agricultural crops can be severe. In fact, mycotoxins jeopardize the safety and availability of the food supply in many countries.The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has estimated a worldwide loss of about one billion metric tons of foodstuff per year as a result of mycotoxins. The control of mycotoxins is a complex process: an integrated quality control program is needed throughout the production chain, since molds producing mycotoxins can either penetrate food before harvest or contaminate food products during the postharvest stages. To protect public health, governments have implemented different types of safety control procedures, including the setting of permitted limits for mycotoxins. On the international commercial scene, some countries have established rigid standards for mycotoxins in food and feed that have negatively affected the exports of developing countries. Although the Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Agreement of the World Trade Organization recognizes the standards established by the Codex Alimentarius Commission, countries in the European Union and some Asian countries have set maximum limits for mycotoxins that in some cases are stricter than those recommended by the Codex.This is allowed under the SPS agreement as long as it is supported by scientific risk assessment. However, these stricter standards can pose additional barriers for exporting countries.A World Bank study estimates that European Union regulation of aflatoxin costs African countries US$670 million each year in export losses (see Brief 6). Not only has the international food market become more stringent, but in Brazil companies and consumers alike have become increasingly concerned about the dangers of mycotoxins in the diet. Both public and private initiatives have been put forward to deal with the mycotoxin problem. Brazil has not estimated its economic losses from these contaminants, nor is there an official data bank on the occurrence of mycotoxins in food products.Although not always representative of Brazil as a whole, surveys carried out by research groups indicate that aflatoxins are present in peanuts and fumonisins in maize, and that contaminants can be found in other food crops as well.


The application of the series of FX2N PLC in the numerical control cutting line was proposed in this paper,and by using frequency conversion 、sensor、and the series of MR-J2 servo motor it realizes the high precision variable scale cutting of silicon steel and puts emphasis on the organization process of F940GOT.Practice has proved the high reliability and perfect performance of the control system.


We analyze the properties of femtosecond-laser-written waveguides in silicon. By using a mix of semianalytical and numerical methods, we find that the transverse index profile is accurately modeled by a W-shaped function supporting nonleaky guided modes. The maximum change in the refractive index is about $4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$, whereas the central lobe is about 2.5 $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ wide for a writing wavelength of 1.55 $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$. Waveguide shape and maximum index variation both saturate for input pulse energies larger than 100 nJ and a pulse duration of 860 fs. We find that the performance of the waveguides are limited by the presence of randomly distributed scattering centers situated in the waveguide core. To confirm our findings, we probed the waveguide response as the input beam is kept normal at the input interface but shifted perpendicularly to the waveguide axis, resulting in a variable offset with respect to the center of the waveguide. The behavior of the energy coupled in the waveguide versus the beam shift is in agreement with theoretical predictions. We also used a simple analytical model to describe the nonlinear propagation of the writing beam.


Martial Gueroult is an exemplary case among the historians of philosophy : his works enable to study the discrepancy between the various interpretative
activities (commentary, methodology, foundation). The aim of this article is to read his
symbolic monographies, to understand the limitation of their perspective, to criticize
radical idealism and lastly to explain that the manuscript of the Dianoematic has never
been issued, without its author ever denying his intention to do so. Its main defect was
a theoretical contradiction.


MISS D., age 36; has been treated for stranguary during the past year. Was obliged to urinate every three or four hours. The annoyance caused by irritation from bladder was of such severity, that she became at times hysterical, irrita ble and somewhat unbalanced mentally. Patient has suffered for two years with severe dysmenorrhea. Examination revealed a complete retroversion of the uterus, with a mass on either side showing evidence of some inflammatory action. Patient was prepared for celiotomy. On opening the abdo men the following conditions were found, viz.: cyst of the right ovary the size of a small orange, hematoma of the left ovary two inches in diameter, and a subperitoneal fibroid, lying one-half inch below and posterior to the fundus of the uterus. Adhesions were broken up and specimens removed, the uterus anchored to the abdominal wall according to the method described by Dr. Hanley in the February number of the Buf falo Medical Journal. Stitches were removed on the tenth day. Patient sat up on the seventeenth day. Has complained of no bladder symptoms since operation, and feels perfectly well.


Green agriculture industrial cluster is an agricultural form that benefit to resource-saving and environment-protection,and its development has significance to promote the construction of two-oriented society and the transformation of agricultural development mode.At first,the development process of construction of two-oriented society and green agriculture industrial cluster in China was introduced.Then,the problems existed in development of green agriculture industrial cluster in China were analyzed.In the end,the corresponding suggestions were put forward.


The use of a recently established open resonator technique for measuring scattering properties of single particles is described. Application of a system of three resonators operating at frequencies around 10GHz, 35GHz and 70GHz has provided detailed measurements of the scattering properties of single particles having a range of compositions of ice, water and air. The physical state of the particles is determined principally by video recording. The results obtained are compared with theoretical models and are of sufficient accuracy to resolve detail in the scattering behaviour. The significance of the results to wider aspects of microwave propagation is discussed.


: - Plants extracts appear to be one of the most effective alternative methods of plant diseases control which are less harmful to human beings and environment. In vitro antifungal activity of methanolic and ethanolic leaf extract of T.cordifolia against three postharvestfruit rotcausing fungal pathogens viz . Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer and Penicillium digitatum were tested by using radial growth technique. The result exhibited that both plant extracts had antifungal activity against the tested fungi. It is also proved that by using higher concentration of plant extract, inhibition level of mycelial growth get increased. Methanolic leaf extract of T. cordifolia shows better inhibition of A.niger than Rhizopus stolonifera & Penicilliumdigitatum. fruit were by this isolated the findings of Elmoussoul et.al. (2001) who reported that the green papaya fruits contain enzyme papain, which could possiblyinhibit fusarium and B.theobromae while Penicillium acted as a secondary invader on lesions caused by other fungi. This observation agrees with the reports of Flentje (1965) and Wilhelm (1967) showing that such organisms when tested against the host in the absence of the primarypathogen would have no effect.Investigation into theantifungal properties of T.cordifolia leaf extracts on the growth of fungal isolates shows that these crude extracts possess some inhibitory components which causes significant reduction in mycelial growth of the tested fungal pathogen. This agrees with the results of S.M. Nagarajan et.al (2006) reported similar results of this plant extract against certain pythopathogenicfungi. Investigation therefore suggested to purify and characterize the active components of these plant extracts. Efforts should also be made to screen the flowers, stem and roots of these plants for possible antifungal activity.


This paper presents a theoretical study and design of two techniques used to reduce start-up time (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T_{S}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and energy (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$E_{S}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of Pierce crystal oscillator (XO). An analytical study of precise injection on a crystal resonator is introduced, and based on this paper, a relaxation oscillator with a dithered frequency is designed. Next, a study of negative resistance of XO's active circuitry and a method to boost its value beyond the limit set by a crystal static capacitor are presented. A gyrator-C active inductor with high linearity is developed to accelerate the start-up process by boosting the negative resistance. A prototype integrating these techniques is fabricated in a 180-nm CMOS process and shows a significant improvement compared with the prior art. Specifically, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T_{S}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$E_{S}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> are reduced by 102.7<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and 2.9<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, compared with the XO start-up with no assisting circuitry, to 18 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and 114.5 nJ for a 48-MHz XO across a temperature range of −40 °C to 90 °C. The measured steady-state power and the phase noise of the XO are 180 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and −135 dBc/Hz at 1-kHz offset.


In this paper, we present a new robot vision solution to determine the accurate 3D position and orientation of large object using the virtual plane algorithm which uses arbitrary feature points of the 2D image and known CAD information. A typical example of industrial processes for measuring 3D pose of large object is the interior sealing of a car body in automotive painting shop. In this process, the trajectory of the painting robot should be adjusted according to real position and orientation of the car body placed on the conveyor. The laser vision sensor and the stereo vision system are conventional solutions for this process, but they have disadvantages such as narrow field of view, high cost, and maintenance problem. To overcome these problems, we propose a metrological method to measure 3D position and orientation of the large object using multiple sets of single camera located around recognizable feature points of the large object. Each camera measures local 3D pose information of the object based on the virtual plane algorithm. Accurate 3D pose information of the large object can be determined by some matrix calculation using known geometric relation between local coordinates in the large object. Through experiments on a commercial workpiece, we validate that the proposed system effectively measures the 3D pose of the workpiece with small errors sufficient to the robotic sealing applications.


W I T H the exception of those enzymes concerned directly with coagulation, plasma enzymes do not play a major functional role, but are released into the blood as products of cellular degradation (WHITE, HANDLER, and SMITH 1964). Elevations in plasma enzyme activity levels are well recognized in certain diseased states associated with cellular damage or destruction. In the normal, or nondiseased state, however, plasma activity levels may be maintained by a variety of influences. Differences in the activity levels of plasma enzymes may be attributed to greater or lesser concentrations, alterations in the activity of the enzyme molecules per se, or differences in the relative concentration or quality of enzyme inhibitors. The Iunctional activity of a plasma enzyme is defined, therefore, both by its qualitative structure and quantitative concentration relative to the concentration and quality of inhibitors. Variation in normal activity levels may be related to the genetic background of an animal in at least two ways: primary and secondary relationships. Genetic variations may express themselves through alterations in the molecular structure of the enzyme, and would, therefore, constitute primary relationships between the genotype and the observed activity level. On the other hand, the genotype may regulate plasma enzyme activities by secondary mechanisms, as for example through differences in the rates of synthesis, destruction, or cellular degradation. An example of genetic control of the rate of enzyme destruction in the liver has recently been provided by RECHCIGL and HESTON (1967). Clearly, few methods now exist which permit exact determination of genetic control over these possible influences upon plasma enzyme activity levels. Strains of mice are available, however, whose breeding history and genetic inter-relationships are known in considerable detail. A large scale survey was therefore designed to measure plasma enzyme levels of many such strains of presumably normal mice, in order to reveal possible relationships between enzyme activity and genetic control. After establishment of genetic control of functional differences, appropriate investigations may proceed as to the mechanism of these differences. The four enzymes tested in these studies, cholinesterase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, have all been shown to possess quantifiable genetic control. Heritabilities ranged from 0.18 to 0.70. The distribution of means of the 23 strains tested has allowed formulation of pre-


The whole idea of aging is an interesting concept. Everything and everyone ages. Only the rocks last forever, but even they age, just at a geologically slow rate. Much of the material that the Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology publishes has to do with procedures and products designed to improve the appearance of aging. But, it is important to pause and ask exactly what defines aging. Many theories have been put forth over the years to explain the physiology behind the observations we make regarding the state of those around us. Even the scientists who published their ideas on aging have themselves aged. This editorial examines the most commonly held theories on aging to shed insight on a topic that is at the heart of cosmetic dermatology. The first theory espoused to understand human has largely been abandoned. It was developed in the 1940s and is known as the evolutionary theory of aging. This theory held that body is maintained until reproduction occurs and then rapidly enters senescence. As the majority of humans live most of their life in a nonreproductive state, this theory no longer fits with current understandings of aging. Medicine can certainly be credited with the obsolescence of the evolutionary theory. As childbirth is no longer the leading cause of death among females, immunizations allow adolescents to enter adulthood without the scars of illness, public sanitation has minimized epidemic disease, and antibiotics have cured infection, the length time an individual survives after age 50 is increasing. If anything, modern medicine has decimated the concept that the human only lives until reproduction occurs. Probably one of the most widely held theories of aging is the free radical theory. This theory links aging to the accumulation of endogenously and exogenously generated oxygen radicals that damage the body. The endogenous generation of oxygen radicals accounts for intrinsic aging, which is felt to be under genetic control, and the exogenous generation of oxygen radicals accounts for extrinsic aging, which is felt to be due to environmental stressors. It is this theory that has captivated the cosmetics and nutritional supplement industries. The inclusion of antioxidants, such as vitamin C, vitamin E, lycopene, and green tea, in topical antiaging creams is an attempt to neutralize oxidative damage to the skin from UV radiation. While the concept of topical oxidative protection is appealing, the value of topical antioxidants has never been convincingly shown in a human model as a preventative over a 20-year observation period. The fact that this type of study has never been conducted is not due to oversight, but rather the challenging logistics and expense of such an undertaking. Further, it is the free radical theory of aging that is driving the plethora of oral anti-aging nutritional supplements. Coenzyme Q10, mangosteen, curcumin, and lutein are but a few of the substances finding their way into tablets, drinks, and confections designed to ameliorate aging. Whether these oral supplements really make a difference is unknown. Certainly, a balanced diet would include the ingestion of all the raw materials necessary for healthy body functioning; however, it is not known exactly what constitutes a balanced diet. When the minimum daily dietary vitamin requirements were established, expert consensus was used rather than an evidence-based approach. It is quite likely that the minimum daily requirement for vitamin D at 400 IU is too low for most westerners. 1000 IU of vitamin D is probably the necessary amount required to prevent vitamin D deficiency and an adequate bone mass in mature individuals. Thus, even our current concepts of healthy eating may not protect us against premature aging. Another aging theory that is a corollary of the free radical theory of aging is the inflammatory theory. This theory holds that aging is due to the cumulative effect of inflammatory insults on the body. Indeed, free radicals are a source of inflammation among others. Some antiaging topical and oral preparations claim to contact anti-inflammatories, but it is important to recognize that most antioxidants are also anti-inflammatories. Correspondence: Zoe Diana Draelos, 2444 North Main Street, High Point, NC 27262, USA. E-mail: email@example.com Editorial Echoes


Fading correlation is one of the fundamental limits on the performance of multi-antenna systems. Accurate modeling of the angular power distribution (pdf) is essential for accurate prediction of correlation. Previous studies were limited to the case of single-cluster distribution or uniform pdf. Measurements indicate that multipath often arrives in several angular clusters and with a non-uniform angular cluster pdf. We begin with the popular Salz-Winters model and extend it to the case of a multi-cluster channel and to the case of a non-uniform cluster pdf. The generic model, as well as various approximations which result in compact closed-from expressions, are studied in detail. It is shown that the correlation in a two clusters channel has an oscillatory behavior as antenna spacing increases, regardless of multipath AOA distributions; the envelope of correlation is determined by a single cluster angular spread while the oscillations within the envelope are determined by the inter-cluster angular spread. There exist two types of correlation zeros, which can be beneficially used in system design. The cluster angular pdf has negligible impact on the MIMO capacity and, hence, a simpler uniform model can be used without degradation in accuracy.


In this paper,quantization scheme of a capacitor coupled circuit is proposed,the quantum fluctuations of the charge and current in the mesoscopic circuit in the squeezed vacuum state are investigated.The results are analysed and discussed.


Politicians, social commentators, and academics have talked for years about the "crisis" facing health care in this country. Today, perhaps because we have heard the word used so often and for so long, or because we think we will "muddle" through somehow like we always have, or because even though opinion polls regularly reflect the public's concerns about health care our national attention span for any given issue is remarkably short, we seem to lack the interest or will to really address this crisis. Still, all the signs of a real problem seem to remain—and worsen. Health care spending continues to rise at a rate far in excess of general inflation, consuming an ever-increasing portion of our nation's resources. While we possess the most scientifically and technologically sophisticated health care infrastructure of any nation, we seem unable to consistently deliver highquality, basic health services to all patients. As the costs to employers to provide health insurance benefits for their employees continue to rise, forcing many to curtail or eliminate those benefits, the number of Americans without health insurance increases. Without insurance, people simply delay getting the care they need. When their illnesses finally can no longer be ignored, too


Based on traffic engineering, the network topology is pictured with the graph theory and the network connectivity is defined to show the performance of network. By measuring and sampling, the values of the performance parameters for all network links are collected as samples and made up of the initial expression matrix which is standardized and calcukted with the weight vector of the parameters to produce the connectivity vector indicating the performance of network links. Then, the incidence matrix, which shows the connectivity of nodes and links, is derived. Through solving its transitive closure and taking the randomicity of network events into account, the end-to-end connectivity in network is expressed by the probabilistic measure of the random events. Finally, an algorithm is described,which provides an effective method to analyze and improve network performance.


Objective To investigate the combined toxic effects of ethanol and lead on the self-renewal of neural stem cells(NSCs) isolated from fetal rat cerebral neocortex and explore the action mechanisms. Methods Neural stem cell suspensions of Sprague-Dawley fetal rat cerebral neocortex were divided into control group,ethanol groups(25,50 mmol/L),lead groups(0.01,0.1,1 μmol/L) and combined groups. After 48 hours of culture,trypan blue exclusion test was used to examine cell viability,flow cytometry was used to examine cell cycle,and qRT-PCR was used to study the effects on mRNA expression of NSC marker nestin and cell cycle related genes p16 and p21. Results Ethanol and lead had synergistic effects in reducing cell viability, delaying cell cycle progression, arresting G0/G1-phase, inhibiting DNA synthesis of S-phase and,reducing nestin mRNA expression(P 0.05). Ethanol and lead also had a certain synergistic effect on increasing p16 and p21 mRNA expression(P 0.05). Conclusion Ethanol and lead have a certain synergistic effect on inhibiting self-renewal of NSCs isolated from fetal rat cerebral neocortex.


The invention discloses a potted plant substrate bag and belongs to the technical field of plant container culture and substrate culture. In order to solve various troubles and the pollution problem occurring during potting, pot change, soil utilization, watering and management of household potted plants at present, the invention provides a household material which is clean, easy, fast and happy for performing the container culture. The technical scheme disclosed by the invention is that the potted plant substrate bag is manufactured by wrapping a potted plant substrate with permeable and breathable cloth, and is characterized in that the substrate is completely wrapped by the cloth; the substrate bag is put in a potted plant container to perform the container culture; the substrate bag is soft and is deformable; the planting side of the substrate bag can be molded, and even can be made into a three-dimensional modeling and a cartoon modeling. Three-dimensional culture can be performed on the three-dimensional modeling; and a waterproof film also can cover on the planting side of the substrate bag. The potted plant substrate bag has functions of various functional mulching films. The invention also provides a culture and application method for the potted plant substrate bag.


The aim of the work is to study agerelated and pathological changes in the tissues of different parts of the heart of rats aged 18-23 months. Neuroimmunohistochemical reactions for PGP 9.5 protein, tyrosine hydroxylase, synaptophysin, von Willebrand factor and staining with toluidine blue for mast cells were used. A correlation was found between the level of decrease in the intensity of the innervation of the heart and pathological changes in the tissues of the heart. Destructive changes in the nervous apparatus, the presence of lymphomononuclear infiltrates and mast cells were revealed in the aortic-pulmonary region, atria and ventricles. Along with the degeneration of the nervous apparatus, reactive and destructive changes in arteriole and capillary endothelial cells, as well as their death, an increase in the number of reserve sinusoidal capillaries, an increase in the secretory activity of endotheliocytes, and pigment accumulation in the cavity of the subaortic cone were revealed.


Aim: The aim of this research was to ascertain the quality of the honeydew honey harvested with wood smoke. Methodology: The sample was stored in a container underlined with aluminium foil and then covered with a cork and kept for subsequent analyses. The sample was analyzed for its qualities like phytochemical properties, antiradical activity, physicochemical properties, antibacterial potency, heavy metal composition and pesticide residue content. Results: The total phenolic and total flavonoid contents and antioxidant potential were comparatively higher than most honeys reported from other countries. The different concentrations of honey exhibited varying levels of antibacterial activity against the three different pathogenic indicator strains (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus). The inhibition of bactericidal activity was reduced with reduction in the honey concentration. The Original Research Article Bernard et al.; JALSI, 2(2): 71-82, 2015; Article no.JALSI.2015.008 72 physicochemical parameters and pesticide residue studied were within the acceptable limit. Some heavy metals were present in the honey, but were within the permissible safe limits of Codex Alimentarius Commission and FAO/WHO. However, Cadmium, Manganese and Nickel levels were above the safe limit. Conclusion: The inhibition of bacterial growth indicates the honey's health benefits in fighting bacterial infections. Generally, the honeydew honey harvested with wood smoke honey exhibited medicinal/nutraceutical properties.


The technical features of the invention provides for the entry of foreign matter blocking the way of the PCB structures that may be a damage to the semiconductor package in a subsequent process and minimize its production, and a method of manufacturing a semiconductor package using the PCB in the molding process. The PCB comprises a substrate body having an elongated rectangular structure, and a dummy (dummy) region of the active area and the active area region outside the semiconductor units are mounted in a two-dimensional array structure, the first direction; And a barrier (barrier) formed along the first direction to the dummy gate region adjacent to the gate which is the resin injection molding at the time of the dummy area, the molding process; and a.


Objective To invesitgate the cilncial effects of non-submerged dental implants(Straumann impalnts system).Methods Patients who visited stomatological department of our hospital from 2009 were selected as study subjects.Systemic and local contraindications were excluded.Accordnig to varoius patients' conditions,conventional approach,immediately implanted,flapless operation and bone augmentation technique were adopted respectively.All the implant superstructure were completed.A total of 37 patients who had 53 Straumann implants implanted were followed up for 3 to 48 months.Results The Implant successful rate was 98.1% and the restoration successful rate was 100%.Conclusion Straumann implants system could be considered as a manageable,good biocompartibility and satisfactory non-submerged implant system.Selecting the correct indication,standardizing the surgical procedure,accurate production of restoration and maintenance of good oral health can effect a satisfactory restoration result.


The concept of a tone helix has been studied in tone theory and harmonic analysis from a variety of different perspectives. A tone helix represents harmonic relationships between tones in an attempt to model the perception of pitch and harmony in a single form. This paper presents a framework whereby previous helical tone representations can be considered together as one generalization with multiple instantiations. The framework is realized by combining the concept of isomorphic note layouts with cylindrical lattices. The extensively studied geometry of carbon nanotubes is used as a mathematical grounding. Existing tone helix representations are shown to adhere to this new, more general framework, and a process for mapping any flat isomorphism to its corresponding tone helix is presented.


BACKGROUND: Whether anti‐D produced by individuals with a weak D phenotype are allo‐ or autoantibodies remains a matter of debate even though blood transfusion practice is impacted. The aim of our study was to determine the serologic features of anti‐D in individuals expressing the most frequent weak D type in Caucasians that are weak D Type 1 or weak D Type 2, to assess whether anti‐D were allo‐ or autoantibodies.


If a 2200‐cps tone is pulsed 150 times/sec under appropriate conditions, a low pitch (periodicity pitch) will be heard corresponding to that of a 150‐cps tone although there is little or no energy present at 150 cps in the signal. To account for the perception of this low pitch, it has been postulated that either (1) the cochlea acts as a mechanical envelope "detector" resulting in neural activity in a peripheral "low‐frequency or pitch" channel, or (2) the cochlea performs a Fourier‐like analysis resulting in neural activity in a peripheral "high‐frequency or pitch" channel with this neural activity undergoing a central temporal analysis where the low periodicity pitch is "detected." Absolute threshold measures were obtained for three stimuli: a 2200‐cps sinusoid, a 150 cps sinusoid, and a 2200‐cps tone pulsed 150 times/sec. Frequency discrimination measures were obtained for the same three stimuli at various sensation levels. The measures obtained for the pulses were compared, by analysis of variance an...


Measuring voltage dependence capacitance of high voltage compressed gas capacitors is challenging when levels are below one ppm (one Micro-Farad per Farad). Indeed, traditional methods such as direct capacitor comparison, voltage transforming, voltage-doubling, direct voltage, frequency doubling, and simplified tilting are not suitable because they need complex procedures, reference standards with known voltage dependence and accurate capacitance bridges. The kinetic method could be used to determine a possible quasi-zero voltage dependence or at least to detect it. A 100 kV capacitor was studied using this technique at LNE with support from PTB. An excellent initial eccentricity, equal to (0,070 ± 0,010) mm, was determined and which is in accordance with what is claimed by the manufacturer. Quasi-zero voltage dependence (0.45 ± 0.10) ppm, was determined. This low level of uncertainty is difficult to reach with any other method, the internal dimensions of the capacitor have to be estimated. Another 300 kV capacitor was also investigated without any knowledge of its internal dimensions. It was concluded that it has a medium eccentricity despite its good calibration results, equal to (7.0 ± 5.0) ppm.


City regions and Mayoral Combined Authorities are at the heart of the devolution policy agenda in England. This article assesses and compares the policy and research capabilities of Combined Authorities in England, drawing on elite interviews with officials in four diverse Combined Authorities and their wider sub-regional policy and research communities. There are significant inequalities between the policy and research capabilities of the Combined Authorities reflecting institutional histories, as well as differences in size and functional responsibilities. Those with already greater capabilities and infrastructure appear likely to continue to benefit from greater opportunities in the future, widening existing inequalities.


The overall purpose of this work (including Part II in this issue) is to demonstrate the physical modeling of InP/InGaAs double heterojunction bipolar transistors (DHBTs) using a deterministic Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) solver, an augmented drift-diffusion (aDD) solver, and the HICUM/L2 compact model. This Part I introduces all tools that are employed for the simulations of DHBT structures in Part II and applies them to a GaAs $\text {n}^{+}\text {nn}^{+}$ sample structure for illustrating the calibration of the aDD solver by BTE results and physical effects that occur in such devices. After the calibration, aDD and BTE solvers are shown to produce comparable results.


Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises are one of the drivers of national economic growth, because of their ability to absorb workers equal to 95% with a total investment of 60.4%. This study aims to examine the effect of capital capability, empowerment, and product innovation on the competitiveness of micro, small and medium enterprises. And the role of product innovation as a mediating variable in the indirect influence between the coaching program and capital on the competitiveness of micro, small and medium enterprises in Aceh. Study designs a Quantitative Research. This research was conducted on micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Aceh Province, Indonesia. The population in this study were micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). The research sample was determined by purposive sampling, with a sample size of 272 SMEs. While the data analysis tool usesStructural Equation Modeling (SEM) Amos to test the effect between exogenous variables and endogenous variables. Pdirect effect test found that capital has no effect on product innovation by -0.035, P-Value 0.754 (Not supported H1). Empowerment has a significant effect on product innovation by 0.249, p-value 0.030 (Supported H2). Capital has a significant effect on the competitiveness of SMEs by 0.220, p-vale 0.014 (Supported H3). Empowerment has a significant effect on MSME competitiveness by 0.542, and p-value 0.000 (Supported H4), and product innovation has a significant effect on MSME competitiveness by 0.274 and p-value 0.000 (supported H5). To test the indirect effect using the Sobel test calculator, it was found that product innovation variables were able to partially mediate the relationship between capital and empowerment on the competitiveness of SMEs. The results of the study indicate that the Empowerment and Product Innovation variables have a significant effect on the competitiveness of MSMEs both directly and indirectly, except for the Capital variable which is found to be insignificant to Product Innovation. Finally, the researcher concludes that the competitiveness of micro, small and medium enterprises in Aceh is determined by the factors of capital capability, empowerment program and product innovation.


In this paper, we present a new method for user selection, sub-band allocation, and power allocation in order to maximize the system throughput under the constraint of transmit power in multiuser downlink orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems with partial channel quality information (CQI). In previous schemes, each user in one cell transmits CQI of all sub-bands to the base station, which requires enormous feedback overhead. Therefore, we proposed an efficient power allocation and modulation and coding selection scheme in which each user transmits partial CQI and one additional information to reduce the amount of feedback. Simulation results show that we can greatly reduce the amount of feedback than full feedback system.


Given the current debate on the worldwide decline of inflation (disinflation) this paper examns the influence of money on economic growth. The focus is on neoclassical growth modells (Solow-Swan based). In particular the role of money in the genuine article of Tobin (1965) is evaluated, where the single purpose of money is serving as a medium of exchange and as a store of value. Furthermore money serves as a mean to overcome deflationary deadlocks. The question whether money fosters economic growth can not be solved due to reduced monetary modelling within the Tobin model.


Abstract : Research under the "Secure Mobile Computing" project has developed middleware and system level solutions that provide access to shared data and that apply computing resources to such data in a manner that preserves system scalability and security. The work has also established connections with potential users of secure, mobile computing technology and produced portable software systems that will support its further development. This report summarizes work during the 1993-97 contract period and guides the reader into the literature.


The purpose in completing this needs assessment was to pinpoint inconsistencies or unclear aspects of the direct care provided to clients served by H.S.I. staff. This understanding can then assist H.S.I. in providing the necessary support for direct care staff and also allow for H.S.I to provide more adequate support for their clients. All information gathered from the focus groups will be disseminated to support departments and Team Leads through a written report. Based upon these results H.S.I. may choose to implement new or revised trainings, conduct meetings or enact companywide policies. Improving Organizational Practices: Learning from direct care staff and team leads Abigail Helget Habilitative Services Inc Department of Social Work Minnesota State University, Mankato Conclusions & Recommendations The purpose of conducting these focus groups was to gain insight regarding ways to provide direct care in a more competent and effective way. The research was focused on formulating new ideas rather than measuring specific information. These new ideas that were formulated have much potential for the company.


Sustained release dosage form is essential for diabetic patients which is marked by continuous therapy along with high margin of safety, patient compliance and fulfill economical features. Repaglinide is a class of meglitinide, a drug of choice to formulate microspheres by utilizing sodium alginate, olibanum gum and pectin in different ratios by using ionic-gelation method. Excellent results were found in rheological behavior and release studies. Microspheres size and percentage yield was found in the range of 694 ?m to 727 ?m and 73% to 75% respectively. SEM revealed that microspheres were discrete, spherical and free flowing. Entrapment efficiency was variable, ranges from 55% to 75%. Uniform drug release was observed in drug release kinetics, followed Higuchi model with non-fickian release. These microspheres proved to be suitable for oral sustained release of repaglinide. Keywords: Repaglinide, Microsphere, Ionic-gelation method, Olibanum gum, Pectin


Exo-inulinase and endo-inulinase from Aspergillus ficuum were subject to chemical modification of seven protein modification reagents and to identification of amino acid residues essential for enzyme activity. The results suggested that N- bromosuccinimide (NBS), carbodiimide (EDC) and diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC) resulted in a great loss of endo- and exo- inulinase activities, indicating that Trp, carboxyl amino acid (Glu or Asp) and His residues may be parts of the enzyme active sites, respectively. Two Trp residues essential for exo-inulinase active site and one for endo-inulinase were confirmed by Tsou's method.


This article examines some of the inadequacies of dominant Western perspectives, especially those originating from the US for studying political transitions in Africa, by focusing on the current democratic transitions. It attributes the major flaws to the hegemonic and ideological interests which these transitions are designed to serve and which underlie approaches made popular by Western scholars, to a 'periodic' conceptualisation of the process of transition itself, to the consequent treatment of transition in an ahistorical manner and the abandonment of previous perspectives of social and political change, and to the failure to relate transitions to the developmental needs of countries involved as determined by the peoples themselves. It discusses how these weaknesses can be overcome and outlines the requirements for a more adequate framework for studying transitions.


6. Which of the following neurotransmitters is most explicitly associated with the experience of pleasure? (A) GABA (B) Acetylcholine (C) Serotonin (D) Dopamine (E) Adrenaline 7. A psychologist, wishing to study the behavior of prisoners, arranges to dress as a prison guard so that he can stand in the recreation area and study unobtrusively the actions and interactions of the inmates. The psychologist is employing which of the following research tools? (A) Quasi-experimental (B) Naturalistic observation (C) Correlational research (D) Random sampling


A phenomenological model for species spreading which incorporates the Allee effect, a species' maximum attainable growth rate, collective dispersal rate and dispersal adaptability is presented. This builds on a well-established reaction-diffusion model for spatial spreading of invading organisms. The model is phrased in terms of the "hostility" (which quantifies the Allee threshold in relation to environmental sustainability) and dispersal adaptability (which measures how a species is able to adapt its migratory response to environmental conditions). The species' invading/retreating speed and the sharpness of the invading boundary are explicitly characterised in terms of the fundamental parameters, and analysed in detail. Keywords—Allee effect, dispersal, migration speed, diffusion, invasion


This work concerns the effect of pore fluid on the behaviour of the saturated granular rock in the pre and post localization regime. The hydromechanical behaviour of Fontainebleau sandstone is studied on the basis of isotropic and triaxial compression tests in drained and undrained conditions on water saturated samples. The effect of the evolution of the rock compressibility with the applied stress on the poromechanical parameters is shown. On the basis of micro-mechanical considerations, a new expression for the Skempton coefficient B is proposed as a function of the porosity, the drained bulk compressibility and the grain and fluid compressibility. The relation between rock deformation and pore-pressure evolution in undrained deviatoric tests is analysed. An elasto-plastic constitutive model with stress-dependent elasticity and damage is proposed to describe the behaviour of the rock and is validated through back analysis of drained and undrained tests. Detailed analysis of shear band formation and shear band microstructure formed in drained and undrained triaxial tests on Fontainebleau sandstone is presented. It is shown that under globally undrained conditions, local fluid exchanges inside the sample occur at shear banding resulting into heterogeneous damage pattern along the shear band. At high confinement, pore pressure generation inside the band locally leads to fluidisation of the crushed material which results into the formation of interconnected channels in the heart of the band. Image processing analysis is used for evaluation of porosity inside the shear band and estimation of the permeability is performed using the Walsh and Brace [1984] model. It is shown that, porosity increase as observed in the band at low confining pressure and porosity decrease as observed at high confining pressure are both accompanied by a reduction of permeability inside the shear band due to the increase of tortuosity and specific surface. However, this permeability reduction is much more important at high confining pressure and can reach values three orders of magnitude smaller than the permeability of the intact material. The final part of the document is devoted to a study of large scale shear band, which constitutes a geological fault. An analogy could be observed between the microstructure of shear bands as observed in Fontainebleau sandstone samples and the structure of the fault zone . The work presented have been developped within the frame of our participation in DGLAB-CORINTH European project on the seismic risks in the Gulf of Corinth.


ABSTRACT Teachers' beliefs, conceptualised as heuristics encompassing perceptions and ideologies regarding aspects of their profession, strongly influence their practices. Grounded in this perspective, this study investigated teachers' beliefs and perceived practices in the context of teaching English as foreign language (EFL) to immigrant students in Israeli schools. Utilising a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 153 teachers via questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Two major sets of beliefs emerged in the data, aligning conceptually with two of Ruíz's orientations to language planning and multilingual societies: multilingualism as a resource, and multilingualism as a right, reflected in supporting special accommodations for immigrant students. These beliefs were found to be significantly related to teachers' reported practices. Certain factors, especially teachers' personal biography as immigrants and the particular school contexts, have been identified as predictors of teachers' beliefs about teaching immigrant students in the EFL classroom. Results further indicate insufficient professional knowledge about the unique conditions and challenges confronted by immigrant students while acquiring an additional language. Recommendations are made regarding professional development programmes for teachers within the framework of 'language as resource'.


Atomic layer passivation (ALP) with atomically thin P‐related compound semiconductor materials grown on (100) GaAs surfaces significantly enhances the photoluminescence intensity and also makes the electrical characteristics of GaAs metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) diodes (M/I/ALP/GaAs) nearly ideal. This study clarifies the change in GaAs interface characteristics caused by introducing As and subsequent passivation. Arsenic is introduced to GaAs surfaces by heating wafers in an AsH3 atmosphere before forming the passivation layer. Due to the As introduction, the enhancement of the PL intensity is suppressed to the magnitude of the intensity from conventional GaAs surfaces. The influence of As introduction on surface Fermi level pinning was also studied by fabricating MIS diodes. It is found that the range of capacitance becomes narrower than that observed in MIS diodes with ALP without an As layer. High‐frequency analyses show that the surface Fermi level can move only within a limited energy range of...


Simple Summary The Thoroughbred horse breed provides a unique model for studying the theoretical bases and practical methods of selection in horse breeding. To assess the diversity in the modern population of Russian Thoroughbred horses, we used classic parameters, such as Wright's inbreeding coefficient, the heterozygosity level, and population inbreeding level, over the period 1990–2018. The average inbreeding coefficient of the Thoroughbred horses was 0.83% and slowly increased over the past three decades. The individual observed heterozygosity levels of the tested horses varied within 23.1–100%, and the population's parameters of observed heterozygosity tended to decrease. The relationship between the level of inbreeding and the rate of homozygosity was not significant (r = 0.022; p > 0.05). Abstract The Thoroughbred (TB) horse has hugely impacted the development of horse breeding around the world. This breed has unique genetic qualities due to having had a closed studbook for approximately 300 years. In Russia, TBs have been bred since the second half of the 18th century. Here, we analyzed the genetic diversity and the inbreeding level in TB horses (n = 9680) for the period from 1990 to 2018 using polymorphisms of 17 microsatellite loci. We found that the genetic structure of the TB breed in Russia is represented by 100 alleles of panel STR (short tandem repeat) loci and has been stable for the past three decades. The conducted monitoring revealed a slight increase in the Wright's inbreeding coefficient in all age and sex groups of TB horses (stallions, broodmares, and foals) from 0.68% to 0.90%, which was followed by a decrease in the degree of heterozygosity, Ho, from 68.5% to 67.6%. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between the level of inbreeding and the degree of homozygosity was estimated (r = 0.022; p > 0.05). The obtained data on the DNA genotypes of horses of different breeds provide a unique base for the evaluation of genetic variability and the control of genetic variability of horses in selection programs.


In contrast to Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), High Range Resolution (HRR) radar may economically provide satisfactory target resolution when applied to moving targets scenarios. We have devised a series of new physics-based HRR moving target models with different degrees of simplification. These models represent the scatterers from both targets and clutter equally. By employing these models, we can unify the studies of both clutter suppression and target feature extraction into a single topic of model parameter estimation. Therefore, finding reliable parameter estimation algorithms based on these models becomes an important topic for target identification using HRR signatures. This paper derives and presents two feasible parameter estimation algorithms. The first algorithm (1DPE) reduces the 2D-estimation problem to two 1D-estimation problems, and solves the problems by employing some mature 1D-estimation algorithms. The second algorithm (2DFT) utilizes the 2D Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) to estimate the model parameters by simply applying the 2D DFT to the HRR data, and obtaining the estimation of model parameters from the peaks of the 2D DFT. In order to verify the performance of these algorithms, we performed a series of simulation experiments and the experimental results are presented in this paper. Finally, a brief comparison of these two algorithms is also presented.


By the implementation of the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC), e-government becomes the most vital agenda in improving the quality of service. Therefore, this study aims to see how the implementation of the e-government can improve the quality of public services in Malaysia. Furthermore, e-sharia also concern about the implementation as a catalyst for e-government in the Court which is provides the effectiveness of public administration. The overall of the study is about the concept of globalization in the ICT. Besides that, the e-government concept has been used to explain about how the application of e-government has been started. And e-sharia becomes the apprentice of the project which is to explain the operation of this e-government. Therefore, in getting the information of the study is used the literature review and the use of the Internet resources. The findings from this research has shown that the e-government applications is indeed in the application of e-sharia and it provides more profit to consumers and civil servants in government administration. Accordingly, the developing of e-government is through the process of globalization and ICT that lead to the application of e-government in the administration. Besides that, the issue of transparency in the administration and the question of good governance has been discussed which is to produce the quality services. And provide users of the facilities through the e-government application. Thus, e-sharia is the one of the pioneering e-government projects were reviewed, and indeed the results show that the application of ICT and technology along with the globalization of services and administration is relevant to improve the quality of services as well as expedite the processing.


We present elemental abundance patterns (C, N, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, and Ni) for a population of 135 massive quiescent galaxies at z ∼ 0.7 with ultra-deep rest-frame optical spectroscopy drawn from the LEGA-C survey. We derive average ages and elemental abundances in four bins of stellar velocity dispersion (σ v ) ranging from 150–250 km s−1 using a full-spectrum hierarchical Bayesian model. The resulting elemental abundance measurements are precise to 0.05 dex. The majority of elements, as well as the total metallicity and stellar age, show a positive correlation with σ v . Thus, the highest dispersion galaxies formed the earliest and are the most metal-rich. We find only mild or nonsignificant trends between [X/Fe] and σ v , suggesting that the average star formation timescale does not strongly depend on velocity dispersion. To first order, the abundance patterns of the z ∼ 0.7 quiescent galaxies are strikingly similar to those at z ∼ 0. However, at the lowest-velocity dispersions, the z ∼ 0.7 galaxies have slightly enhanced N, Mg, Ti, and Ni abundance ratios and earlier formation redshifts than their z ∼ 0 counterparts. Thus, while the higher-mass quiescent galaxy population shows little evolution, the low-mass quiescent galaxies population has grown significantly over the past 6 Gyr. Finally, the abundance patterns of both z ∼ 0 and z ∼ 0.7 quiescent galaxies differ considerably from theoretical prediction based on a chemical evolution model, indicating that our understanding of the enrichment histories of these galaxies is still very limited.


This study aimed to see differences in learning outcomes of active learning model type the firing line and the conventional method and the provision of learning tasks summarize the biology. This study is an experimental research with the entire population of students of class VII Junior High School 1 Koto XI Tarusan registered in the first semester of the school year 2013/2014. Sampling study conducted by purposive sampling technique . Samples were taken from five classes that the average value of daily test 1 biology students in the first semester approaching the same , it is also the same teachers, later in the selection of experimental and control classes do draw . Draw the class obtained VII- 3 as the experimental class and the control class as a class VII -5 . Learning outcomes are observed cognitive seen from the results of the final test study, whereas affective and psychomotor domains using observation sheets . Results showed that the experimental results of learning in a higher class than the control class, where the average cognitive learning outcomes in the experimental class was 82.44 while the control class is 64.11, average learning outcomes in the affective domain of experimental class is 76 while the control class is 73.5, as well as the average psychomotor domains of learning outcomes in the experimental class was 76.5, while the control class is 75.5. The data in this study the final test results further processed with t test . The results obtained by analysis of t hitung is 8.3866 and t tabel is 1,67 then t hitung >t tabel. (α 0,05) , Thus hypotheses are acceptable . Therefore the firing line learning methods can be applied in biology teaching in junior high schools are taking into account the time available. K eyword: learning methods , The Firing Line , learning outcomes.


Nicholas Haydock, Movie Medievalism: The Imaginary Middle Ages. Jefferson, NC, and London: McFarland & Company, 2008, p/bk 234 pp. ISBN 0786434435. Costas Constandinides, From Film Adaptation to Post-Celluloid Adaptation: Rethinking the Transition of Popular Narratives and Characters Across Old and New Media. London and New York: Continuum, 2010, h/bk 166 pp. ISBN 1441103802. Jefferson Hunter, English Filming, English Writing. Bloomington and Indianapolis, Indiana UP, 2010, p/bk 280 pp. ISBN 0253221773. Paul Newland (ed.), Don't Look Now: British Cinema in the 1970s. Bristol, UK, and Chicago: Intellect Ltd., 2010, p/bk 280 pp. ISBN 1841503202. Although differing in terms of theoretical focus and subject, these four volumes are unified in their intention to follow the precepts of the historian E. H. Carr by showing how filmmaker-historians on both sides of the Atlantic have reworked European history, ancient and modern, to communicate different stories to their viewers, and how viewers have responded to such material. Nicholas Haydock's Movie Medievalism takes as its subject the enduring fascination - in Hollywood and elsewhere - with the Middle Ages. Inspired by Jacques Lacan's notion of the imaginary, Haydock argues that "cinemedievalism" (his term) has not been preoccupied with anachronism but with "a cultural fantasy wherein the reel/real divide is reinterpreted as the Imaginary/Real" (36). Films such as Jean-Jacques Annnaud's The Name of the Rose (1986) recreate an imaginary past as a way of commenting on the real present: "The formation of a persecuting society, said to have begun in the late Middle Ages, can [...] be seen behind the rise of capitalism but it is responsible for the failure of socialism" (32). Haydock proposes that this past/present relationship can be approached in Deleuzian terms as "a double arc, a present that passes and a past that is preserved [....] Put more simply, the past that the present is always becoming and the present nature of recollections mirror one another" (39). This phenomenon underlies the plot of lngmar Bergman's Seventh Seal (1957), where Antonius Block's situation (as played by Max von Sydow) "marks a kind of midpoint in his transition between a genocidal holocaust (the Crusades), and the threat of an apocalypse (the Black Death), analogous perhaps to Bergman's own situation in 1957 between World War Il and the prospect of all-out nuclear war" (41). The bulk of Movie Medievalism consists of a series of case-studies of recent films, looking at the ways in which their respective directors have explored the past/present relationship. First Knight (1999) and A Knight's Tale (2001) constitute good examples of Hollywood's transformation of European medievalism into "the practice and study of pastiche, or rather of generations of pastiche stretching back not to an original but to earlier acts of composite forgery" (110). The medieval period did not acknowledge modern concepts of 'authenticity,' or 'realism'; they were more interested in portraiture and apocryphal continuation (106). Haydock's observation explains why medievalism proves so attractive to postmodern directors in the new millennium; they do not retell the past, either in the script or in visual terms, but construct their own apocryphal versions of it. This strategy contrasts with that employed by big-budget filmmakers such as Luc Besson in The Messenger: The Story of Joan of Arc (1999), or Ridley Scott in Gladiator (2000) or Kingdom of Heaven (2004), who use the past to construct symbolic and unified national identities in the face of daunting imperialism (111). Haydock examines Kingdom of Heaven in detail to show how Scott uses the past to comment on contemporary western - specifically American - intervention in the Middle East (134). In another chapter Haydock proposes that Antoine Fuqua's King Arthur (2004) is dominated by notions of convergence, not only between past and present but between film and newer media - for example, CGI technology. …


Dimant's adjusted Qumran library classifications (2005/9) and García-Martinez's sociohistorical classifications within the Groningen Hypothesis (2011), judging both to be evidentially inadequate and beholden to the QP. She then turns her attention to two test cases, one textual (the provenance of 4QMMT) and one ideological (dualism within the Treatise of the Two Spirits [1QS 3:13–4:26]), to ascertain their coherence with the QP, finding them textually more complex and multivalent than presented within the QP. The monograph concludes with a call to abandon pre-conceived interpretive frameworks, in favour of approaching the texts individually and on their own terms. De Looijer's goal—to critique the reification inherent with the QP 'while at the same time proposing a way forward that is fundamentally more revisionist' (p. 254)—is ambitious and muchneeded. The volume is a rallying cry to challenge assumptions and aptly brings variant voices within the scholarly debate in close dialogue, providing a robust synthesis of opinion. While the book successfully demonstrates the complexity of the Qumran corpus, the reader is left awaiting a fresh voice, one that pushes the dialogue further forward. Where De Looijer's synthesis clearly demonstrates her critique and points to a way forward—a more robust application of the way forward would only add to her argument. An important point of departure, this monograph is recommended for those exploring the next phase of Qumran scholarship, especially in the connection between literary and socio-historical understandings and any potential reconstruction of the Qumran movement involving so-called sectarian texts.


Introduction: Water bodies are influential part of vitals and help to keep the balance on the earth, to nourish the growing population, as a financial backbone of development, and to save ecosystem along wildlife. Globally, WWF and collaborators are working on plans to secure aquatic resources and are managed sustainably, that's why water bodies are secure and beneficial for upcoming generations.
Findings: The research on pollution, bioremediation and related fields has found that plastic consists of certain chemicals which leach out and mix up with food, drinks and eatables. The health issues are created because of these chemicals that are being linked to health problems such as obesity, indigestion, fertility and immunity etc. Recently a lot of studies identified the involvement of several microorganisms and their enzymes, which are capable of breakdown the plastic material. The microorganism involved in material degradation specifically plastic is identified and well-studied, they consist on seven bacterial and eight fungal species. Among those seven bacterial species five belong to Gram positive while two are Gram negative. The fungal species are of Aspergillus. The species that gave prominent results were Gram +ve: Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Micrococcus; Gram –ve: Moraxella, and Pseudomonas; and of fungal: Aspergillus glaucus, A. niger.
Conclusion: Most of developing countries are using biodegradable plastic instead of ordinary plastic. It is very easy to destroy, after use, and it can minimize the negative effects of marine pollution and environment. It is just like the practice of using biofuel. It can be overcome by environmental pollution


Optimal openings are considered for extraction of signal from noise in the random binary union-noise model. Disjointness of signal and noise is not assumed, nor are grains within the signal or within the noise assumed to be disjoint. There is a constraint on the overlapping, but this reflects the manner in which binary granular images are derived from gray-scale images of touching objects. The method assumes that the degraded image is segmented by the binary watershed algorithm and that an optimal opening by reconstruction must be found to remove segmented noise grains while passing segmented signal grains.


In the flow of communication a sentence structure is perspectived towards one of its elements. It is the element that completes the develop ment of the message conveyed by the structure. In reply to What about John, the sentence structure John has been taken ill is perspectived to ill; but, for instance, in reply to Who has been taken ill, it is perspec tived to John. The element completing the message contributes most to the development of the communication. It is the most dynamic element: it carries the highest degree of communicative dynamism (CD). Of the remaining elements, one starts the development of the communica tion and the others continue it and gradually come closer to its com pletion. The relative extent to which an element contributes towards the further development of the communication determines its degree of CD. The distribution of the degrees of CD over the sentence determines the communicative perspective in which the sentence functions, in other words, its FSP (functional sentence perspective). As the two perspectives of the sentence structure under discussion show, the gradual rise in CD does not necessarily coincide with the actual linear arrangement. (A de tailed analysis of the gradual rise in CD within the two contextual ap plications of the sentence structure John has been taken ill adduced above will be offered later in the present paper.) This observation, based on inquiry into the way the distribution of CD is implemented, is of par amount importance. It prevents us from regarding the actual linear ar rangement of elements as invariably reflecting the development of the communication.


Harvesting of the rush Juncus kraussii Hochst. for use as a fibre source in craftwork production was investigated within Umlalazi Nature Reserve in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. The main objectives of the study were as follows: to determine the distribution and area of J. kraussii stands; to describe the characteristics of available J. kraussii culms; to carry out socio-economic assessments of harvesters' lifestyles; to evaluate the factors influencing harvesting and use of J. kraussii and possible alternatives; to estimate the direct income for the harvesters and, finally, to consider whether harvesting is sustainable and whether the current management practices are effective and appropriate. Juncus kraussii stands are managed by Ezemvelo KwaZulu-Natal Wildlife (EKZNW). Ninety-seven percent of the rush harvesters were women, most were poorly educated and had limited employment. In total, twenty different items were made, more than has been recorded in previous literature, indicating a dynamism in craftwork that is poorly appreciated. All weavers produced sleeping and sitting mats, and 96% of them produced bridal sleeping mats. The latter are culturally important in Zulu households, no alternative wetland plant species being acceptable in their production. Juncus kraussii was traded, with 97% of the income generated being through the sale of craft products and 3% through raw materials sales. The majority of J. kraussii stands occur within Protected Areas and it is critical that harvester accessibility is maintained so that the cultural practices associated with the rush may continue. Analysis of harvest per unit effort suggests that J. kraussii is resilient to past harvesting levels. However, caution is required as the plant's restricted geographic distribution and moderate habitat specificity, as well as the high demand for culms in craftwork production, indicate that harvesting requires careful monitoring to ensure future supplies. The current biennial cutting regime should be maintained. However, the long-term impacts of annual cutting on above-ground and below-ground plant parts should be investigated to determine whether such a regime is sustainable.


The organization of spatial data in the Digmap GIS are discussed,which includes the levels of spatial data,the structure of data in the map processing unit,and the management of spatial and qualitative data;then the GIS controler MapObj is developed under this data organization system,its basic functions and usefulness for the user.Finally,the practical uses of MapObj are discuessed.


Water is an essential element for life although is more and more threatened by negative externalities which don't make it available for everyone. Water is a limited resource although it is renewable. Therefore, it is increasingly important the development of measuring tools for water consumption to guarantee its better management. In this field we can consider the concept of virtual water, introduced at the beginning of 90 s , that is the volume of water used in the production of a commodity, good or service, evaluating in the whole production chain. The virtual water indicator is the water footprint trough which we can calculate, along all the production chain, groundwater and surface water consumption (blue water footprint), rainwater consumption (green water footprint) and water volume required to absorb pollutants according to the environmental quality standards (grey water footprint).Among the different production fields, the agricultural one seems to have the greater water footprint. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the water footprint relating to agriculture and, in particular, to olive oil production through the construction of time series of virtual water values starting from data relating to the total water footprint (blue, green, grey) of Italian olive oil culture. Since international trades determine a virtual water exchange which affects the national water resources management, the present work analyzes also the virtual water balance related to olive oil international trade.


Trauma is a kind of wound. When we call an event traumatic, we are borrowing the word from the Greek where it refers to a piercing of the skin, a breaking of the bodily envelope. In physical medicine it denotes damage to tissue. Freud (1920) used the word metaphorically to emphasise how the mind too can be pierced and wounded by events, giving graphic force to his description of the way in which the mind can be thought of as being enveloped by a kind of skin, or protective shield. He described it as the outcome of the development in the brain (and therefore mind) of a highly selective sensitivity to external stimuli. This selectivity is crucial: shutting out excessive amounts and kinds of stimulation is even more important, in terms of maintaining a workable equilibrium, than is the capacity to receive or let in stimuli. For infants and young children, when all goes well, that filtering function is largely served by the mother, or primary caretaker, through her sensitivity to what her baby is able to manage at any particular time. She acts to protect her baby from the extremes of experience, both environmental and emotional. Adults are in a different position. Some will have built up inside themselves, partly as the outcome of good parental provision, a capacity to take care of themselves in the best meaning of that phrase. Others will have been unable to achieve this degree of autonomy. Still'others, for a variety of complex internal reasons, will actively seek out situations of risk, or extremes of stimulation, whether for positive or at least comprehensible reasons, or in more darkly self-destructive ways. Yet however well any individual feels he is normally able to take care of what he feels to be his own well-being, some events will overwhelm that capacity, will knock out ordinary functioning and throw the individual into extreme disarray. Much of the immediate disturbance and confusion is visible to the observer but


How to develop a experimental system in liberal arts school and achieve the idea of combinating natural science and liberal arts? The issue of construction of experimental teaching system and reforming it's management mechanism,not only important for students' quality improvement and creative thought development,but also a significant replenishing for the theoretical teaching.Therefore,by taking construction of liberal arts experimental teaching center of South China University of Technology for example,this article has described the innovation of construction of liberal arts experimental teaching system by explaining several essential aspects,which are train thought of construction,system establishment,and management mechanism reform.


According to the hydrology and sediment conditions and the geographic and geologic condition at the dam site and the structural characteristics of hydraulic structures, and by considering hydraulic structure layout, flood discharge, construction condition and other factors, the general layout design of Zhentouba I Hydropower Station is introduced. The hydraulic structure consists of left-bank non-overflowing dam section, left-bank ladder fish way, riverbed powerhouse dam section, sewage gate,sluice gate and right-bank non-overflowing dam section. The general layout is compact and has obtained good economic benefit.


Objective
To establish a new T staging system for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) based on magnetic resonances imaging (MRI) and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).

Methods
A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 608 patients who were newly diagnosed with non-metastatic NPC by MRI and treated with IMRT in our hospital from 2008 to 2010. All patients were staged according to the 7th edition of the UICC/AJCC staging system for NPC. The survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and analyzed using the log-rank test. The Cox regression model was used for multivariate analyses. To deal with the deficiency in the current UICC/AJCC staging system, a new T staging system for NPC was established and systematically evaluated.

Results
The 5-year follow-up rate was 94.5%. The 5-year overall survival (OS), disease-free survival, local relapse-free survival (LRFS), and distant metastasis-free survival rates were 81.5%, 80.1%, 86.0%, and 81.1%, respectively. The univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the anatomic structures of nasopharynx, parapharyngeal space, and skull base were influencing factors for the OS rate (P=0.000-0.045). New T staging criteria were proposed based on the risk differences and survival curves: stage T1: invasion of the nasopharynx, parapharyngeal space, oropharynx, nasal cavity, skull base, and internal pterygoid muscle; stage T2: invasion of the external pterygoid muscle, paranasal sinus, intracalvarium, infratemporal fossa, and cranial nerves. The proposed T staging system achieved a good separation in both OS and LRFS curves.

Conclusions
The proposed new T staging system gives an objective prognostic prediction in patients with NPC, which provides an exploratory attempt toward a new clinical staging system for NPC.

Key words:
Nasopharyngeal neoplasms/intensity-modulated radiotherapy; Magnetic resonances imaging; Hazard discrimination; T staging system; Prognosis


Part I: Using Film to Teach History 1. Introduction 2. Issues in Using Film to Teach History Part II: Using Film to Develop Empathy 3. Empathy for Caring 4. Using Film to Develop Empathy as Perspective Recognition Part III: Using Film to Develop Analytical or Interpretive Skills 5. Movies as Primary Documents 6. Using Film as a Secondary Source Part IV: Using Film to Teach About Controversial Issues 7. Using Film to Teach about Contemporary Controversial Issues 8. Using Film to Teach Controversial Issues in History Part V: Using Film to Visualize the Past and Film as Historical Narrative 9. Using Film to Visualize the Past 10. Using Film as Historical Narrative


In this study, I compare the perceptions of managers who have been transferred, either with a promotion or laterally, and managers who remained in the same job. The participants were 329 management-level employees of two departments in the Canadian federal government. Managers who were laterally transferred had less positive perceptions of the performance and cohesiveness of the new work group they were supervising and reported worse overall health and more health symptoms than managers who had not been transferred. Laterally transferred managers also perceived receiving significantly less recognition and reported worse overall health than managers whose transfer involved a promotion. There were no significant differences between managers who had a promotional transfer and managers who were not transferred. The findings indicate that lateral transfers should be accompanied by support efforts designed to promote better adjustment to the transfer.


PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to compare changes in the thickness of the gluteus medius muscle fiber between chronic low back pain(clbp) with gluteus medius weakness and healthy subject. METHODS: Ultrasound imaging was used to measure in the thickness of each fiber of the gluteus medius muscle based on maximal muscle contraction during abduction motion of the hip joint in a healthy group (11 subjects) and a chronic CLBP group (21 subjects). An independent t-test was performed to analyze the difference of thickness in each fiber of the gluteus medius muscle and the rate of changes in the fibers in the two groups. RESULTS: The fiber thickness changes in the gluteus medius muscle were significantly lower for the posterior fiber in the CLBP group compared to the healthy group (p<0.01). The changes in rate of difference of thickness the posterior part of the gluteus medius muscle was significantly lower in the CLBP group than in the healthy group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study CLBP patients with weakness of the gluteus medius muscle that lower for the posterior fiber's difference of thickness and rate of change in the CLBP group compared to the healthy group. Indicate that rehabilitation of CLBP patients with weakness of the gluteus medius muscle should consider the functions of posterior fiber of the gluteus medius muscle.


This paper assesses the quality of the trade statistics of the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) by comparing its export/import data with the import/export data of its trading partners (mirror data). The author finds, first, that publicly available Lao PDR statistics compiled by the Ministry of Industry and Commerce (MIC) are not consistent with the Harmonized System (HS) of classification. It would therefore be advisable for the Lao PDR to release the HS classification-based data. Second, there is concern about the quality of the import data. For example, total imports from major trading partners are less than half of the total of those partners' recorded exports to the Lao PDR. Lao PDR imports of fuel and gas, vehicles and parts, plus construction materials, do not seem to be correctly reflected in the statistics. The government's policy of controlling domestic prices, irrespective of international prices, seems to produce incentives for import smuggling. Third, the overall quality of the Lao PDR's export data is good compared with its import data. Most of the differences between the respective statistics of the Lao PDR and its trading partners are connected with mineral-related and wood-related products. However, export restrictions on raw logs, for example, which aim to support domestic wood processing industries, seem to produce incentives for export smuggling. The unsatisfactory quality of the trade statistics, especially with regard to imports, has important policy implications. First, there is a large loss in tariff revenue. Second, while annual Lao PDR trade deficits appear to be small or moderate if calculated using MIC statistics, the actual deficits are likely to be far larger.


The present invention discloses a portable multimedia device and a recording and reproducing multi-threaded test method, recording and reproducing apparatus is portable multimedia expansion base unit via a detachable storage capacity of the parent device and the child machine, the child machine, the child machine to ensure that no storage insufficient capacity, the problem of data loss occurs, and when the sub-machine failure, known trouble spots in advance, saving maintenance time by means of machine tools diagnosis.


Because of its orthogonal flux control system, the ferrite orthogonal core holds promise as a vector sensor. The combination of such a core and a magnetic fluid is of interest for control of flux with a simple system.

The results of experimental studies comparing vertical and tilted ferrite orthogonal cores in magnetic fluid indicate that the system can be used as a two-dimensional inclinosensor.


Through the methods of literature data and investigation, this paper exported the ideas and thoughts of minorities traditional sport culture resource in mountain area after sorted out the connotation, present situa-tion, inheritance, and development planning of minorities traditional sporting culture in Wuling mountain area,and combined with the advantages and disadvantages in this area.


By M. M. Woolfson London: Clarendon Press: Oxford University Press. Pp. xiii + 144. Price 30s. The literature of 'direct methods' for solving crystal structures has reached considerable proportions in the thirteen years since their inception, and up till now there has been no extensive review. This monograph will, therefore, be welcomed particularly by crystallographers who want a general survey of the subject, and the author has wisely concentrated on their needs.


For the development of fresh-keeping technology, strawberries were coated with the coating agent containing propolis of 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5% and 3.0%. The effect and physiology on strawberries fresh-keeping was estimated by the decay index, the rate of weight loss, respirating intensity, the contents of soluble solid, titriable acidity and vitamin C. Propolis coating preservation treatment can significantly decrease the rate of decay and the rate of weight loss, inhibit the content of soluble solids, titratable acidity and vitamin C and decrease respiration intensity. It can significantly slow down the aging process of postharvest strawberries, prolong the strawberries' freshness. The preservation effect of strawberries coated with the coating agent containing propolis of 2.5% and 3.0% are better of which 3.0% is the best.


The concept 'degree of recursive unsolvability' was introduced briefly in Post [16]. In his abstract [17] the concept was formulated precisely via an extension of [15], and a resulting partial scale of degrees of recursive unsolvability was applied to strengthen Theorem II of Kleene [8]. In the present paper our interest is in the abstract structure of the system of the degrees of recursive unsolvability. The concept 'degree of recursive unsolvability' is based on that of reducibility of decision problems. Three precise formulations of the latter concept have appeared, more or less completely, in the literature. In 'Turing reducibility' [19] ?4, the concept of a Turing machine [18] is generalized to that of a Turing reducibility machine. A Turing reducibility machine 9) reduces the decision problem for a set S to that for a set T, if for each positive integer n, the machine 9M applied to n terminates in the correct answer to the question whether n is in S, via ordinary Turing machine acts and the hypothetically correct answering of such questions of the form "Is m in T?" as may arise in the process (finite in number). In 'general recursive reducibility', the representing function of S is general recursive in that of T in the sense of Kleene [8].1 In Post's 'canonical reducibility' [17], his canonical sets [15] are generalized to T-canonical sets by hypothetically adding primitive assertions expressing the membership or non-membership of 1, 2, 3, ... in T. Then S is canonically reducible to T, if both S and its complement S with respect to the set of all positive integers are T-canonical sets. Although an infinite collection of hypothetical primitive assertions are added to an otherwise ordinary canonical system, in any derivation of an assertion in the T-canonical system but a finite number of them enter. Turing reducibility was proved equivalent to canonical reducibility by Post (unpublished), and canonical reducibility to general recursive reducibility by Martin Davis in his typed thesis [5]. A direct proof of the equivalence of Turing reducibility to general recursive reducibility was published (independently) by Kleene in his book [10] end ??68, 69. Theoretically, no increase in generality is obtained by the use of Kleene's concept of a function general recursive in other functions (as may be seen from [10] pp. 307, 291); and by talking about just sets S and T a greater simplicity of concept results. Practically, when it comes to giving rigorous demonstrations under one or another of the equivalent concepts of reducibility, there are advantages in using


Objective To explore the effect of exiting nerve roots depresssion on the operative effect of prolapse of lumbar intervertebral disc,and investigate the the Relationship between exiting nerve roots depresssion and adjacent segment degeneration after lumbar operation.Methods 70 patients with prolapse of lumbar intervertebral disc in our hospitial were selected,And they were randomly devided into experimental group and control group,The patients of two grous were treated with posterior lumbar intebody fusion(PLIF).Experimental group:Decompressed for the two sides of exiting nerve roots sufficiently.Control group:Without decompressed for the exiting nerve roots.Evaluate the the twos groups with JOA scores.The disc height and lumbar motility of adjacent segment were mesured on the lumbar X ray images.Results There was significant difference of JOA improvement index between the two groups(P0.05).There was no significant difference of intervertebral height and lumbar motility of adjacent segment between the two groups(P 0.05).Conclusion The patients with prolapse of lumbar intervertebral disc treated with PLIF and exiting nerve roots depresssion can relief symptom effectively.and will not increase the risk of adjacent segment degeneration in 6 months after operation.


The theory of electrodynamics can be cast into biquaterion form. Usually Maxwells equations are invariant with respect to a gauge transformation of the potentials and one can choose freely a gauge condition. For instance, the Lorentz gauge condition yields the potential Lorenz inhomogeneous wave equations. It is possible to introduce a scalar field in the Maxwell equations such that the generalised Maxwell theory, expressed in terms of the potentials, automatically satisfy the Lorenz inhomogeneous wave equations, without any gauge condition. This theory of electrodynamics is no longer gauge invariant with respect to a transformation of the potentials: it is electrodynamics with broken gauge symmetry. The appearence of the extra scalar field terms can be described as a conditional current regauge that does not violate the conservation of charge, and it has several consequences: the prediction of a longitudinal electroscalar wave (LES wave) in vacuum. superluminal wave solutions, and possibly classical theory about photon tunneling. a generalised Lorentz force expression that contains an extra scalar term. generalised energy and momentum theorems, with an extra power flow term associated with LES waves. A charge density wave that only induces a scalar field is possible in this theory.


Applying contracting mapping,we studied a class of stochastic Cahn-Hilliard equations driven byα-stable noise,and obtained the existence and uniqueness of solutions for the equations.


In recent years, the desktop computer has acquired the signal processing and visualization capabilities once obtained only with expensive specialized equipment. With the appropriate A/D card and software, a PC can behave like an oscilloscope, a real‐time signal analyzer, a function generator, and a synthesizer, with both audio and visual outputs. In addition, the computer can be used to visualize specific wave behavior, such as superposition and standing waves, refraction, dispersion, etc. These capabilities make the computer an invaluable tool to teach basic acoustic principles to students with very poor math skills. In this paper I describe my approach to teaching the introductory‐level Physics of Musical Sound at Central Washington University, in which very few science students enroll. Emphasis is placed on how vizualization with computers can help students appreciate and apply quantitative methods for analyzing sound.


We discuss the dynamics of the accretion flow onto a black hole driven by Poynting flux in a simplified model of a two-dimensional accretion disk. In this simplified model, the condition of the stationary accretion flow is found to impose a nontrivial constraint on the magnetic field configuration. The effect of the magnetic field on the accretion flow is discussed in detail using the paraboloidal- and hyperboloidal-type configurations for the poloidal structure suggested by Blandford in 1976. It is demonstrated explicitly that the angular velocity of the disk {omega}{sub D} deviates from the Keplerian angular velocity. The angular velocity of the rigidly rotating magnetic surface {omega}{sub F} does not have to be the same as the angular velocity of the disk for the paraboloidal-type configuration. But for the hyperboloidal type configuration, it is found that we can set {omega}{sub F}={omega}{sub D}, which corresponds to an accretion disk of perfect conductor. We discuss the numerical solutions of the stream equation for stationary accretion flow in the Schwarzschild background using a paraboloidal-type configuration. The dynamics of the accretion disk is found to depend strongly on the ratio of the accretion rate to the magnetic field strength.


Corporate Social Responsibility is a crucial element of today's company strategies. Today's heightened interest in the proper role of businesses in society has been promoted by increased sensitivity to environmental and ethical issues (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate social responsibility) . CSR is said to be good for society and good for business. Better understanding of the potential benefits of CSR for the competitiveness of individual companies and for national economies can help encourage the spread of CSR practice. Business and society are interdependent. The wellbeing of one depends on the wellbeing of the other, (http://www.societyandbusiness.gov.uk/html) Especially in big companies and corporations it's seen as a vital tool to promote and improve the public image. Companies are called "corporate citizens". This study concentrates in three companies in Finland: forest industry, banking and market. This paper is a part of a dissertation about company values. Data is gathered by interviewing personnel in the head office and at the local level in companies with multiple hierarchial levels.


The weathering of Hawaiian basalts in arid and semiarid environments is accompanied by change in their thermal infrared emittance spectra. The spectral differences can be measured and mapped with multispectral imaging systems. The differences appear to be related to the degree of development, preservation, and alteration of glassy crusts; the oxidation of iron; and the accretion of silica-rich surface veneers. Because the measurements are quantitative and in image format, they are useful for estimating relative ages in geologic mapping of lava flows. In Hawaii this technique is most diagnostic for distinguishing among sparsely vegetated flows less than 1.5 ka in age.


PE Martin, JK Eckert, JJ Koplin, et al. Clin Exp Allergy. 2014;45(1)255–265

To characterize the risk of challenge-proven food allergy among infants with eczema in the general population.

Infants were recruited from the general population at their immunization sessions in Melbourne, Australia. Recruitment took place between September 2007 and August 2011, and all infants were 11 to 15 months of age; 7134 infants were eligible for study, 5276 (74%) agreed to participate, and 4453 met criteria to be used in final study analysis.

One-year-old infants were examined for eczema on the face, back, and elbows by a trained nurse and underwent skin prick testing to peanut, egg, and sesame. Those with any detectable wheal to 1 …


A simple and sensitive procedure for total mercury in whole blood and urine using inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) is described. Specimens are prepared by precipitation‐extraction with 50% v/v hydrochloric acid containing EDTA and cysteine, centrifuged, and filtered through fritended screening column; the filtrates are directly analyzed by ICP‐MS. The method is linear between 2 and 200 μg/L in the specimen with an absolute sensitivity of 0.2 μg/L in the final supernatant. The assay variability at various concentrations (μg/L) of mercury are as follows: intra‐assay whole blood (n = 20)—4.6 ± 0.6(c.v. 12.3%), 18.3 ± 1.1(c.v.6.1%), 56.4 ± 2.8(c.v.5.0%); inter‐assay whole blood (n = 15)—5.7 ± 1.0(c.v.16.8%), 19.7 ± 2.7(c.v. 13.5%), and 50.1 ± 6.9(c.v.13.7%); urine (n = 20)—9.3 ± 1.2 (c.v. 12.9%), 29.6 ± 2.2 (c.v. 7.4%). Recovery of organic and inorganic mercury from blood samples ranges from 91.6% to 110.2%. The method is suitable for analysis of total mercury, both organic and inorganic, in whole blood and urine. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


OBJECTIVE To understand the effect of the cleaning and disinfection of endoscopes in endoscopic rooms to discover the insufficiency of controlling nosocomial infection.METHODS The biological monitoring of the endoscopes and the situation of endoscopic rooms from fourth quarter 2008 to third quarter 2009 were performed in a retrospective way.The qualified rate of bacterial culture of endoscopes in all provincial second care level hospitals and their relation with the patients′ exclusive time on a high level of consultation were analyzed.RESULTS Totally 72 samples were collected from 6 second care level hospitals.The qualified rate of bacterial culture of endoscopes was 90.27%.The maximal bacteria-carrying capacity of endoscopes was 1600 CFU/per piece.The average quantity of endoscopes and the average working time were 4 pieces and 7.17 hours in each second care level hospitals,respectively.The average max treatment volume was 21.The patients′ exclusive time was 1.31±0.53 hours on a high level of consultation.Bivariate correlation tests indicated that significant correlation exists between the patients′ exclusive time and the qualified rate of bacterial culture of endoscopes(r=0.860,P=0.028).CONCLUSION The patients′ exclusive time is closely related to the quality of endoscopic disinfection,which can be an important reference to forecast the qualified rate of the endoscopes.


"Industrial elements" is a kind of special symbol related to the manufacturing production within industrial buildings. This paper will pick up the "industrial elements" as the starting point to analyze the application of it in the transformation and reuse for the old industrial buildings, thus to analyze fatherly the value and significance of the "industrial elements" in the old industrial building transformation and reuse. Based on the activities of plant mapping, shooting on site, field visit and referring to the factory history to Changchun tractor plant and shaft plant (hereinafter referred to as long drag and shaft plant), obtained amount of valuable data, and put forward targeted transformation proposal with practical significance and the trend of reuse, introduced the design methodology in detail regarding the "industrial elements" in the transformation and reuse of old buildings for long drag and shaft plant, then come up with the creative rebuilding solution.


Q-switched slab RF-discharge multiline CO laser with broadband frequency conversion in $BaGa_{2}GeSe_{6}$ and ZnGeP2 crystals was developed. The laser system operated within 2.5-6 $\mu$m wavelengths and it was tested for absorption measurement of atmosphere gases. © 2020 The Authors


The photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 was investigated through degradation of brilliant blue dye under artificial ultraviolet light. Titania powder was prepared by sol-gel method. The effects of the initial concentration of wastewater, reaction time, TiO2 loading, the adding of H2O2 and pH value on the conversion of brilliant blue dye were studied.The results indicated that the conversion of brilliant blue could reach 75.6% under the condition: brilliant blue initial concentration of 5×10-5, pH value of 3, 30% H2O2 of 0.4 mL/L, TiO2 loading of 0.5 g/L and ultraviolet light irradiation time of 60 min. There is a remarkable synergistic effect between H2O2 and TiO2.


The upper reaches of the left tributary of the Ob, the Barnaulka River, were densely inhabited in ancient and medieval times, but a significant part of the archaeological sites on the sand dunes of the Barnaulka ribbon forest edge have been destroyed by natural and anthropogenic impacts and are represented by random finds and gatherings from the surface. This article deals with a small collection of Bronze Age metal articles (knives, kelt, a bronze arrowhead with an ornamented sleeve) made by the inhabitants of the village. The exhibition was held at the rural museum, which was created by N.N. Isayev, the head of the Krestyanka Rural House of Culture. They give a description and cultural and chronological attribution of the finds, and suggest that they come from a multi-temporal burial ground which is being destroyed by an unauthorized sand pit and should be identified and investigated.


Chinese cement industry chemical industry obviously played an important role.The development situation of technology for cement industry in China was introduced.The production process and scale,the NSP production line,energy saving and emission reduction etc,were discussed,respectively.The problems existed in Chinese cement industry were analyzed and the developing trends for it were put forward.