Polar dielectric nanoparticles (NPs) with uniaxial anisotropy support two-surface phonon polariton modes inside a reststrahlen band. The effective permittivity of a randomly orientated ensemble of NPs is usually assumed to be isotropic due to averaging of the optical response over all orientations. In this work, we demonstrate that this assumption is not valid for ZnO nanoparticles, and the resultant absorption of a nanoparticle film can be tailored by the nanoparticle morphology. We measure distinct features in the absorption spectrum for films or ensembles of interacting polar dielectric NPs, which we attribute to the excitation of SPhP modes due to anisotropy in the dielectric permittivity of the NPs. We identify and characterize these modes in elliptical and rod-like ZnO NPs prepared by solvothermal synthesis and dispersed within an optically transparent matrix. Localized optical modes are identified using Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy and confirmed by finite element simulations. The broadening and maxima of the modes are shown to be governed by the effects of anisotropy, nanoparticle morphology, and interparticle coupling within nanoparticle ensembles.


"Zou Gu Shi" is one of the major events for the Hakkas in Luofang Town of Liancheng County,which is held during the Lantern Festival.Its origin,development,organization,process and related events implicate the unique Hakka culture.This unique folk custom represents both the general and unique characteristics of Hakka culture.


The synthesis of nanoscale catalysts is a cornerstone technology to meet the current energy challenges, spanning in a wide range of applications from fuel cell efficiency to pollutant degradation [1]. On this regard, electrocatalysis is a field of particular interest and one of the most promising, owing to the ability of electrochemical methods to study the reaction mechanisms and electron transfer (ET) dynamics at a molecular level, at the electrode surface. With the rapid advances in nanostructure synthesis, new nanoscale catalysts and novel catalytic properties continue to emerge [2]. Often, nanoscale catalysts are used on electrodes, where the electrode modifies the kinetics of the process reducing the overpotential, hence performing electrocatalysis.
 The development and use of new electrodic materials and modified electrodes in the field of applied electrochemistry, energy and organic electrosynthesis is today an important way to obtain catalysts with controlled structure and morphology, and reactions with high selectivity. Control over a variety of physical and chemical phenomena ranging from catalysis to electron transfer is often achieved through the extensive use of modified surfaces. There are basically two possibilities for the modification of an electrode surface, (i) to alter its structure or (ii) to modifiy its composition (or both) [3].
The emergence of fuel cell technology has created a new tool for the generation of new catalysts to replace the expensive and rare platinum, which contributes to over 55% of the total costs. Reducing the Pt loading (particularly in the cathode catalyst layer) without compromising the fuel cell performance is an effective strategy to meet the cost requirements for its commercialization. In addition, the design of novel electrocatalysts requires not only reducing the amount of Pt used, but also enhancing catalytic activity and durability.
In fuel cells (FCs), the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the reaction occurring at the cathode. ORR in a typical PEM fuel cell is a slow reaction; using the state-of art platinum catalysts the overpotential of ORR is found to be 300 mV higher than that of the oxidation reaction at the anode [4]. Ideally, the standard cell potential, E0cell, is 1.23 V with a negative Gibbs free energy, implying a spontaneous reaction that can be utilised as an electrical energy generator. Practically, however, the cell potential is less than 1.23 V due to an overpotential in the cell, primarily related to the oxygen reduction reaction at the cathode, which is kinetically sluggish because a large amount of energy is needed to break the strong oxygen-oxygen double bond during the process. For example, Nitrogen-doped carbon and its composites possess a great potential for fuel cell catalyst applications, especially at the oxygen reduction reaction. The ORR mechanisms of nitrogen-doped carbon catalysts seem to involve adsorption of oxygen [5] at the partially polarised carbon atoms adjacent to the nitrogen dopants, in contrast to the mechanism at metal catalysts (i.e. Pt, Pd), which utilise d-bands to form bonds with oxygen.
Indeed, in the field of organic electrocatalysis, a topic of great interest is the behaviour of catalytic electrode materials for the reduction of organic halides [6]. In fact, the choice of electrode materials is often crucial for the success of electrochemical reactions in order to achieve selective reactions. In our own experience, some electrode materials such as Ag, Cu or Pd in organic solvents (MeCN, DMF, etc.) showed extraordinary catalytic properties for the electroreduction of organic halides [7]. This allows not only the reduction of the substrates at more positive potentials, but also makes possible modification of the reaction mechanism and selectivity [8]. It is thus of great interest to find new catalytic materials to create more favourable conditions for electrochemical processes. Therefore, it is of primary importance to characterize decisive parameters influencing the reactivity and the selectivity of a catalytic surface, in order to use this knowledge for the systematic design of better catalysts.
The parameters influencing the electrocatalytic properties of nanoparticles [9,10] can be: (i) particle size, (ii) particle dispersion, (iii) density of low-coordinated surface atoms and (iv) effect of the substrate material. In order to evaluate these parameters, model surfaces without chemical and morphological defects (HOPG) and monolayer nanostructures deposited on them must be investigated.
Usually, the modified electrodes are built from an inert support, such as graphite (HOPG), glassy carbon (GC) or mesoporous carbon (MC), on which metal nanoparticles are deposited. These supports are very interesting because, like all carbon-based supports, they have chemical stability, wide potential window and low background current.

This PhD thesis project intends to prepare and characterize different carbon materials, before and after doping with heteroatoms (particularly Nitrogen), with aim of investigating their catalytic properties in the ORR and in the reduction of organic halides. After that, we will try to deposit metal nanoparticles prepared by evaporation in ultra-high-vacuum (UHV), or by electrochemical and chemical means, to compare the results achieved using the three deposition methods and gain a better indication about the possibility to device a real electro-catalyst in the different fields described above.
The first task includes the research for the best experimental conditions to obtain the new electrode materials. To this end, UHV conditions will be investigated to synthetize N-HOPG and N-GC, whereas chemical synthesis followed by annealing will be used to prepare N-MC. After evaluation of the chemical and morphological properties of the materials, the second goal is to investigate their catalytic properties toward the electrochemical reduction reactions of oxygen and organic halides, reactions that can be influenced by solvent, pH, supporting electrolyte, working potential and electron transfer mechanism.
The physical and chemical characterizations will be carried out using Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Rotating Disk Electrode (RDE), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscopy (TEM, SEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller theory (BET).


This remark improves on some old contributions of Chetverukhin and Beskin to the classical criterion of Kruppa for a central axonometry to be a central projection. Several additional observations are attached.


Sandhya Rani Mahapatro Extended Abstract: From time immemorial Indian society is patriarchal one implies that the culture of India is highly gender stratified. Women's position is subordinate to man in various household decision making matters. The low status of women in the household indicating the health seeking behaviour of women in such a traditional society is greatly depends on the decision of partner or other elder household members. However, women's autonomy and its association with reproductive health and behaviour have emerged as a focal point of investigations and interventions around the world. A number of studies examine women's autonomy and its relationship with reproductive health outcomes. Increase in women's autonomy will lead to mortality decline and improve health outcomes for women and their children (Caldwell,1986).A study in Uttar Pradesh in North India shows that women's autonomy is the major determinant of maternal health care utilization (Bloom et al 2001). The study shows that women with greater freedom of movement are more likely to receive antenatal care and to use delivery care. A study made by Kishor (2000) found women's autonomy to be an important explanatory factor in child survival. Another study in India has shown that women who score greater autonomy are more likely to use antenatal and delivery care for their last birth than women with lower autonomy (Basu 1992). Better health care utilization rates reflected in south Indian women as they have greater autonomy as compared to north Indian ( Dyson and Moore,1983). At the outset, some of the studies used the socio-economic status of women i.e. education and employment as the best predictors of women's autonomy. SafilosRothschild (1990) uses women's income as a key indicator of women's status to examine fertility in rural Kenya. Still others (Balk 1994; Tfaily 2004) have used both socio-economic factors and decision-making autonomy indicators and suggest that socio-economic indicators have direct effects as well. It is stated in various literature that the autonomy of women in a society is largely influenced by their socio-


Mayo Clinic has licensed Dr Lim-burg's intellectual property to Exact Sciences, and he and Mayo Clinic have contractual rights to receive royalties through this agreement. G enome-wide association (GWA) studies have identified genetic variants associated with numerous diseases and phenotypes. This agnostic approach to discovering genetic variants important to diseases has been historically limited by inadequate sample size due to costly genotyping and phenotyping. Traditionally, GWA studies have been conducted in research cohorts designed to capture and measure OBJECTIVE: To create a cohort for cost-effective genetic research, the Mayo Genome Consortia (MayoGC) has been assembled with participants from research studies across Mayo Clinic with high-throughput genetic data and electronic medical record (EMR) data for phenotype extraction. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: Eligible participants include those who gave general research consent in the contributing studies to share high-throughput genotyping data with other investigators. Herein, we describe the design of the MayoGC, including the current participating cohorts, expansion efforts, data processing, and study management and organization. A genome-wide association study to identify genetic variants associated with total bilirubin levels was conducted to test the genetic research capability of the MayoGC. RESULTS: Genome-wide significant results were observed on 2q37 (top single nucleotide polymorphism, rs4148325; P=5.0 × 10 –62) and 12p12 (top single nucleotide polymorphism, rs4363657; P=5.1 × 10 –8) corresponding to a gene cluster of uridine 5′-diphos-pho-glucuronosyltransferases (the UGT1A cluster) and solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1B1 (SLCO1B1), respectively. CONCLUSION: Genome-wide association studies have identified genetic variants associated with numerous phenotypes but have been historically limited by inadequate sample size due to costly genotyping and phenotyping. Large consortia with harmonized genotype data have been assembled to attain sufficient statistical power, but phenotyping remains a rate-limiting factor in gene discovery research efforts. The EMR consists of an abundance of phenotype data that can be extracted in a relatively quick and systematic manner. The MayoGC provides a model of a unique collaborative effort in the environment of a common EMR for the investigation of genetic determinants of diseases. outcomes and phenotypes specific to one disease domain. This has prompted the formation of large consortia comprising several research cohorts with harmonized genotype data and similar phenotype measurements to attain the statistical power required for genetic variant discovery. Despite the high initial cost of genotyping, the static nature of germline genotypes allows such data to be mined and fitted to pursue various hypotheses, including those unrelated to …


This article presents development and informal assessment of a 10-week psychoeducational program designed for 8 adolescent group members experiencing parental divorce in a rural community in Ghana. Group design, cultural considerations, program implementation, and impacts are described. The literature review pertaining to group work as an instrument for addressing parental divorce of adolescents is presented; group format and content within group sessions are discussed. The outcomes of this experience, as evidenced by a brief assessment questionnaire given before and after the group experience, indicate that completion of the group led to an increase in participants' knowledge of self-esteem, time management, anger management, peer relationships, educational goals, and psychological healing through spirituality. Implications for culturally informed group facilitation are discussed.


The article deals with the linguistic and aesthetic structure of the linguistic and cognitive category of horror .The means of creating symbolsto expressfear, maliciousness, and disgust in the texts of ValeriiShevchukhave been described.The ways of formation of phantasmagorical artistic discourse have been revealed. The typological idiostyle features of the writer have been determined.The fantastic images of the writer reproduce the supernatural horror with the help of symbols with complex, ambiguous, variable semantic structure; they are modified, and hidden, so human and satanic, real and phantasmagorical are combined, representing different expressions of one and the same nature.The numerous author'smonsters have different non-textual origins, usually these are mythologems, their actions often resemble each other, because they have a common purpose – to create horror in order to understand impermanence of human nature. Myths, legends, tales, Christian symbols, Ukrainian folk art, and folk verbal symbols are the source of the author's fantasies. Keywords: category of cognitive linguistics, artistic discourse, text, image, symbol, metaphor, linguothinking, concept.


ABSTRACT. This paper describes short-term psychotherapeutic intervention with an adolescent girl and her mother by two co-therapists. Intervention revealed an enmeshed, symbiotic relationship with the daughter's periods of mutism reflecting anger towards others, particularly her uncommunicative mother. The daughter's two-year history of hearing'voices'had commenced as her mother's'voices'had ceased, and seemed to represent a'magical'attempt to fuse symbiotically with her. In therapy, as the mother started to talk about her own and her daughter's family background, the daughter became more verbally and emotionally communicative, and her'voices'began to fade. As the daughter came to understand her mother more, and as the mother came to terms with her own past, they began to show some evidence of separating. Two issues were raised by the case: the importance of the initial contact between patient and insititution; and the difficulty in changing symbiotic relationships.


In this paper,the basic definition of industrial innovation is expatiated respectively from levels of industry and firm.The both perspectives must deal with the problem of basic value bidimension relationship and the problem of what to do with the existed value structure.The research brings new methods and perspectives for the exploring in the strategy research of industrial innovation.Then the mechanism is discussed on how the firm's innovation strategy and its coordination lead to formulation,stabilization and development of industrial value structure,which provides theoretical support and implemental suggestion for Chinese firms' self-innovation and upgrading in global value chain.Finally,as an example,we analysis the actuality and constraining factors of Chinese electricity-generated equipment manufacturing industry with the method of value structure of industrial innovation and we put forward some strategies for its industrial innovation.


Economic theory suggests that this association is likely when financial capital crosses international borders easily. Policies that produce a larger budget deficit put temporary upward pressure on domestic interest rates, which in turn induces net inflows of capital from abroad. These inflows reduce the pressure on domestic interest rates and cause the dollar to appreciate, which in turn produces a "twin" trade deficit.


We have studied the spin dynamics of the polaritons in a GaAs/AlGaAs microcavity by means of polarizationand time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy as a function of excitation density and normal mode splitting. The experiments, performed under non-resonant excitation, revealed a novel behaviour of the polarization degree of the emission, which reaches its maximum at a finite time. We have also found that polariton stimulated emission takes place for excitation densities larger than 20 W/cm2. This process has a strong influence on spin dynamics: the emission becomes almost completely polarized and negative values of the polarization are observed, whose magnitude depends on exciton±cavity detuning.


This paper introduces our submission to the 2nd Facial Landmark Localisation Competition. We present a deep architecture to directly detect facial landmarks without using face detection as an initialization. The architecture consists of two stages, a Basic Landmark Prediction Stage and a Whole Landmark Regression Stage. At the former stage, given an input image, the basic landmarks of all faces are detected by a sub-network of landmark heatmap and affinity field prediction. At the latter stage, the coarse canonical face and the pose can be generated by a Pose Splitting Layer based on the visible basic landmarks. According to its pose, each canonical state is distributed to the corresponding branch of the shape regression sub-networks for the whole landmark detection. Experimental results show that our method obtains promising results on the 300-W dataset, and achieves superior performances over the baselines of the semi-frontal and the profile categories in this competition.


When, in 2005, Nature magazine published ((Lu Houyuan et al.," Millet Noodles in Late Neolithic China", Nature, 437, 2005, p. 967-968.)) " a brief announcement about the discovery of noodle-like remains at a late Neolithic archeological site in China ", the news, which was circulated by every press agency, immediately went round the world. The authors claimed that, at last, the question of whether the Italians, Arabs or Chinese were responsible for this marvelous invention called " noodles " ...


With the improvement of urban rail transit network and traveler requirement of travel , the concept of rail seamless integration has been proposed. This paper analyzes the meaning of integration and seamless integration and the connotation and characteristics of urban rail transport were seamlessly transfer analysis. On this basis, the organization of urban rail transit traffic in different ways are discussed. According to Brighton G (Bou ladon G) hypothesis, tranfer distance is devided into ideal, desirable, acceptable, tolerable, intolerable five levels and their corresponding standard values are quantized, getting the standard of transfer time and distance to evaluate the quality of rail integration and Seamless Transfer of proposeing the standards of integration time and distance.


We bound the higher-order Dehn functions and other filling invariants of certain Carnot groups using approximation techniques. These groups include the higher-dimensional Heisenberg groups, jet groups, and central products of two-step nilpotent groups. Some consequences of this work are a construction of groups with arbitrarily large nilpotency class that have euclidean n-dimensional filling volume functions, and a proof of part of a conjecture of Gromov on the higher-order filling functions of the higher-dimensional Heisenberg groups.


As conventional fuzzy inference system (FIS) was derived from expert experience,it has poor ability in self-learning or adaptation.The self-learning capability of fuzzy inference system was realized in this paper using support vector machines(SVM),and a self-learning controller based on support vector machines-fuzzy inference system(SVM-FIS) was proposed.Both the structure and learning algorithms of the proposed self-learning controller were analyzed.Two learning algorithms of Multi-scaled Davidon-Fletcher-Powell(MDFP) method and chaotic optimization were compared.Simulation results for a nonlinear system demonstrate that the proposed self-learning controller has better control performance over fuzzy logic controller.


Two general solutions are applied to avoid strong heating effects in Raman scattering of highly absorbing materials. They are both based on the same principle of moving the focus spot relative to the sample surface, which decreases the illumination time per sample volume. The first way is a fast movement of the sample, as is realized in the most popular technique by sample rotation, but it is obvious that this method is difficult to apply in a wide temperature and pressure range. The second way offers a solution for applications in temperature and pressure cells by scanning the beam across a fixed sample. Here we found two realizations in the literature. One method is to move a lens in an optical system in backscattering geometry. It moves the focus across the sample by moving a lens and using an off-axis beam. This arrangement cannot use the whole aperture of the monochromator, so that it is characterized by decreasing intensity and resolution. The other method is scanning the focus across the surface of a sample by using a rotating refractor plate. Here the disadvantages are, first, the astigmatism of the focus and, second, the change of the image on the entrance slit while the plate is tilted. In order to investigate highly viscous liquids and glass transition phenomena in a wide temperature range, we developed a new technique, which is moving the laser beam by a rotating mirror.


Empowerment strategy is one of the concepts in improving quality, either of human resources or of the economy. The fishing community, as a society that uses the potential of the sea and the sea coast for economic gain, cannot be compared to the economic community in other sectors, such as agriculture, industry, and so on. Empowerment efforts are critical in addressing the problems that exist in coastal communities (fishermen) in order to improve their lives and can be contrasted with other economic sectors. The author's team used qualitative research in this study, with data collected through interview observations and documentation analysis. Data obtained through fishing communities, particularly in Peudada, Bireuen Regency, were analyzed qualitatively with an interactive analysis model, and data analysis was carried out throughout the research process by following the data stagescollective, data reduction, data analysis, and drawing conclusions. The study's findings indicate that the Peudada community in Bireuen Regency's ability or skill in processing the catch so that it has a high value product selling value is still lacking. The lack of empowerment or training provided by the government, resulting in the community's inability to develop the potential for catch commodities with high selling value, lowering the level of community welfare in Peudada Bireuen Regency.


This paper explores the literature relating to the em ploym ent relations practices of multinational companies (MNCs) operating in Australia and Australian MNCs operating overseas. These practices are fram ed in the context of theoretical debates concerning the apparent emergence of 'multicentred' or 'heterarchic' organisational forms in MNCs, the 'country of origin' effect that arises from the embeddedness of MNCs in the institutions of the hom e country and the extent to which there is a 'corporate division of labour' which governs the character of work in MNCs.


We report a central hypoventilation syndrome (CHS) in a boy with pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) deficiency. Dephos-phorylated PDHC was assayed in disrupted fibroblasts after pre-treatment with dichloroacetate (DCA). Maximal specific activity of activated patient PDHC was 10-30% of controls, and was not increased by alterations in concentrations of pyruvate or cofactors. Normalization of plasma lactate by a high lipid diet did not prevent slow neurologic decline, with intermittent ataxia, episodic weakness, psychomotor retardation, ophthalmoplegia and retinal pigment epithelial changes. A CHS was documented by radiologic, electrophysiologic and pulmonary function criteria. Theophylline, progesterone and ritalin neither altered ventilatory response to CO2 nor permitted weaning from the ventilator. In contrast periperhal chemoreceptor stimulants (doxapram; Almitrine) effected an acute doubling of minute ventilation with decreases in paCO2. Longer-term response to Alimtrine was equivocal. In conclusion, measurement of disrupted fibroblast PDHC following DCA activation is an accurate assay for PDHC deficiency. PDHC deficiency must be considered in the differential diagnosis of CHS; to our knowledge, this is the first report of such an association. Finally, trial of a peripheral chemoreceptor agonist is warranted in the management of CHS.


An operating mode of a charging/supplying system in which a vehicle is connected with a first external device or a second external device via a connecting portion used in common in a charging mode in which an electric storage device installed on the vehicle is charged with electric power from the first external device and a supplying mode in which electric power is supplied from the vehicle to the second external device, and which is operable in a selected one of the charging mode and the supplying mode, is identified. More specifically, a plurality of detection values are detected from at least one electric connection channel provided between the vehicle and the first external device or the second external device via the connecting portion, and it is determined whether the operating mode of the charging/supplying system is the charging mode or the supplying mode, based on a combination of the plurality of detection values.


The invention discloses a drop-aeration self-driven biological rotating disc which comprises a shallow tank and a biological rotating disc, wherein the biological rotating disc is rotatably erected on the shallow tank; the shallow tank comprises a tank body and a waterproof baffle arranged at the upper part of the tank body; a water outlet weir is arranged on the right side of the tank body; a water outlet guidance baffle is arranged below the water outlet weir; a mud pipe is arranged at the bottom of the shallow tank; and the circumference of the biological rotating disc is divided into a plurality of water collection tanks at equal intervals by multiple separating trough plates. The biological rotating disc disclosed by the invention can be used for effectively solving a problem of poor drop-aeration effect, and realizing self-driven automatic aeration by virtue of improvement; a conventional operation mode of the biological rotating disc is changed; and the biological rotating disc not only can save energy but also can achieve a good aeration effect.


The image method is a classical analysis method for mathematical physics problems but restricted by domain geometry and boundary conditions. In this paper, the scope of the image method is investigated and extended to separable variable problems. The general description of the image method is established and the image source distribution is determined for separable variable problems. The image source distribution function is proved to be the out of domain part of the eigenfunction series of the source distribution function. This continuation from the source distribution function to the image source distribution function is also given as the inner product with the eigenfunction series of the Dirac delta function. Three numerical examples with complex boundary conditions or geometry domains are prepared to verify the generality and effectiveness of the conclusion.


A number of groups in the country have carried out post-earthquake reconnaissance studies of the recent damaging earthquakes. However, we are yet to develop a formal learning from earth quakes programme which will ensure that reconnaissance of all damaging earthquakes are Carried out in a systematic manner and the findings disseminated expeditiously.The countryis yet to formally take up activities in seismic micro zonation. There is not much activity inthe area of earthquake prediction. Data sharing remains a major handicap; we have yet todevelop mechanisms for open data sharing. There are not much inter-institutional or inter-disciplinary collaboration activities in thecountry. Except the DEQ, none of the institutions in the country have strong groups ofengineers and earth scientists working together on earthquakes. The result is that bothgroups, engineers and scientists, often tend to have a rather narrow view of the earthquakeproblem. Similarly, architects, town planners, and social scientists have no involvement inearthquake issues. The Himalayan Seismicity programme of the Department of Science andTechnology has enabled nurturing of a reasonable level of activity in the area of seismology. A similar programme on earthquake disaster mitigation needs to be operated by a majornodal agency in the country to nurture the research, development and extensional activities.A vibrant earthquake industrywherein earthquake-related services and products can beconveniently made available within the country on a commercial basis is yet to develop(Murty et al., 1999).India has been traditionally vulnerable to natural disasters on account of its unique geo-climatic conditions. Floods, droughts, cyclones, earthquakes and landslides have been a recurrent phenomenon. About 60% of the landmass is prone to earthquakes of various intensities; over 40 million hectares is prone to floods; about 8% of the total area is prone to cyclones and 68% of the area is susceptible to drought. In the decade 1990-2000, an average of about 4344 people lost their lives and about 30 million people were affected by disasters every year. The loss in terms of private, community and public assets has been astronomical.


In order to demonstrate lock-on-after-launch (LOAL) capability, infrared trajectory measuring systems of the future require the ability to autonomously identify and track targets of interest, making use of strong correlation between neighboring-row and non-linear relationship between atmosphere temperature and height analysis etc, a background suppress method based-on knowledge for autonomously acquire and track an extended range target through its entire flight scenario is developed. At the same time we address a method of extracting regions of interest based-on experiential knowledge of detected object. Experiments with real targets show that the method can detect target effectively and reduce false alarm probability and the computational burden of processing the whole image.


Ying-Nai Wang , and Mien-Chie Hung Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA Center for Molecular Medicine and Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan * Corresponding authors, Email: email@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com


This article aims to determine the effect of education and training on the career development of civil servants at the personnel agency and human resource development in the Sula archipelago district. This study focused on employees of the Personnel & Human Resources Development Agency of the Sula Islands Regency, the sample used was 107 people. Data was collected through a questionnaire, then the variables were measured using a Likert scale. Data analysis was done by using multiple regression analysis method. The software used for analysis is SPPS. 20. From the standard estimates for the variables Education (X1), Training (X2), Career Development (Y), an equation can be made, namely Y = 1.977+ 0.308 (X1) + 0.220 (X2)+e. This study concludes that the education variable has a coefficient value of 0.220 and has a significance value of 0.002 variable which is considered constant. The training variable shows a value of 0.220 and has a significance value of 0.021. simultaneously shows that the two variables of education and training have a significance probability of 0.000 which simultaneously affects the career development variable.


A 129-159 GHz frequency synthesizer is implemented using a low phase noise (PN) 43-53 GHz VCO core driving a featured tunable differential tripler. The load of the proposed tripler can be tuned to the third harmonic of the input frequency to adaptively maximize the output power over the entire range of output bandwidth. The fabricated chip achieves maximum output power of -8 dBm, and the average PN for the VCO core is -99.6 dBc/Hz and -115.5 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz and 10 MHz offsets, respectively. Having the frequency tuning range of almost 30 GHz, this is the widest-band width, 65 nm D-band CMOS signal source reported to this date which can precisely sustain the high output power at its wide output bandwidth. The synthesizer consumes 95 mW of power, which corresponds to an average FOM of -173 dBc/Hz. Suppression of unwanted harmonics is better than 31 dBc across the entire bandwidth. The core design occupies only 300 × 250 μm.


Perhaps the most marked feature in the relations of Law and Medicine which has become prominent within the last twenty-five years, is the tendency to "break wills," or contest them upon the ground of mental unsoundness; said mental unsoundness being usually attributed to the advanced age of the testator which the medical expert—being compelled to give a name—denominates "Senile Dementia." It is not likely there are more old persons making wills, or that senile dementia is on the increase, and our query is: Why has litigation on this ground become more frequent than it was a half century ago? As our laws pertaining to wills have not changed, and as the disease—so-called senile dementia—has not changed, why is that about nine in ten wills made by wealthy persons are subject to litigation, and the wealth earned by the testator, which was as much his own as his watch or his


We provide another proof to the EL Theorem. We show the tradeoff between compressibility of codebooks and their communication capacity. A resource bounded version of the EL Theorem is proven. This is used to prove three instances of resource bounded derandomization. This paper is in support of the general claim that if the existence of an object can be proven with the probabilistic method, then bounds on its Kolmogorov complexity can be proven as well.


While neonatal mortality has been decreased between 1996 and 2009, maternal mortality has increased over a similar period in Korea. This increase in maternal mortality might be associated with the increase in high-risk pregnancies, including elderly pregnant women. The Korean obstetric care system has collapsed for several reasons: low birth rate-induced business losses, inadequate payments from the national health insurance program for obstetric services, and a recent shortage of obstetricians. Unfortunately, areas underserved in maternity care increased after 2004. The training hospitals that provide prenatal care and treat high-risk and complicated pregnancies experienced similar problems, with decreased medical resources and insufficient physicians. The Ministry of Health and Welfare has supported the establishment of birth centers to improve essential obstetric care in underserved areas and to establish integrated perinatal centers to reduce maternal mortality. Integrated maternity and neonatal care is a good model for reducing maternal and perinatal mortality. However, integrated perinatal centers are limited in their ability to detect and prevent high-risk pregnancies. I believe that national pregnancy and birth data would be useful for identifying high-risk pregnancies and which pregnant women will develop complications. I propose that we establish a Korean Pregnancy and Birth Registry (KPBR). I hope that integrated perinatal centers and the KPBR will play an important role in the early detection of high-risk pregnancies and in the reduction of maternal mortality.


Resumen en: The stakeholder theory has been in the management agenda for about thirty years and reservations about its acceptance as a comprehensive theory still re...


This research was aimed at discovering whether there were relationships between the learning resources library advantaged with the learning achievement in Indonesian Course, the reading interested and the learning achievement in Indonesian Course, and the learning resources library advantaged and the reading interested together with the learning achievement in Indonesian Course the student of Primery High School (Sekolah Menengah Pertama: SMP) Medan East Subdistrict.
This study was a descriptive correlational research to observe the relationships of the research variables. The population was all students in that school, amounting to four hundred and seventy three (473) students and the sample were two hundred and fourteen (214) students or 45 % taken from the population using random sampling by tehnique. The instrument used to collect the datas were pollinaires for the learning resources library advantaged variable with reliability coefficient r11 = 0,899, the reading interested with reliability coefficient ri = 0,924 and test for the learning achievement in Indonesian Course reliability coefficient rii = 0,907.
The results of hypoteses testing indicated that: (I) there was a significant relationship the learning resources library advantaged and the learning achievement in Indonesian Course with correlation coefficient of r = 0,6645 or r2 = 0,4416 and tcount = 12,947 > ttable = 1,65 with degree of free = 212 at the level of significance a = 0,05, (2) there was a significant relationship the reading intersted and the learning achievement in Indonesian Course with correlation coefficient of r = 0,6978 or r2 = 0,4869 and tcount= 14,184 > ttable = 1,65 with degree of free = 212 at the level of significance a = 0,05, and (3) there was a significant relationship between the learning resources library advantaged and the reading interested together with learning achievement in Indonesian Course. This was shown with a correlation coefficien of R = 0,7860 with determinant index of R2 -= 0,6178 wich means that 61,78 % the learning achievement in Indonesian Course the student of Primery High School Medan East Subdistrict could be explained with the variables of learning resources library advantaged and the reading interested together throughthe similarity of the double regression 1 ine Y = 4,0 18 + 0,1 17X1 + 0,128X2.


A granular activated carbon‐sequencing batch reactor (GAC‐SBR) was used to assess the removal of organochlorine endosulfan pesticide. The reactor operated in three stages: (I) starter and stabilization; (II) addition of 4 mg/L of endosulfan in feed; and (III) a single addition of 1 g/L of GAC to mixed liquor. During the 249 days of operation, the removal efficiency of COD was 96 ± 2%; for NH4+ ‐N 72 ± 1%; and for PO4−3‐P 48 ± 13%. Was eliminated the 79% of endosulfan in stage II and 99% in stage III, not found its metabolite (endosulfan sulphate) in the reactor effluent. A consortium of eight bacterial strains was identified in the reactor stages, assessing five of them in the presence of 4 mg endosulfan/L by growth kinetics. According to the results, the joint action of the consortium and GAC addition is the responsible of eliminating the pesticide.


Neuropsychological (NP) testing is now often used to help to determine if the cognitive function of a concussed athlete has declined. The NP test score after concussion is compared with the baseline test score. Many clinicians simply subtract one from the other and make a clinical decision about the significance or otherwise of the resulting "difference score". Such techniques are inadequate, as they fail to account for the many factors that may confound interpretation of serially acquired cognitive test scores. This is a review of a number of alternative approaches used in other areas of medicine for differentiating "true" changes from changes caused by these confounding factors. A case example is used to illustrate the effect that the statistical approach may have on clinical decision making.


The traditional role of public policy was to limit the scope offoreign law, recognition, and enforcement of foreign judgments or awards. Sometimes domestic courts use this doctrine to strike down the foreign arbitral awards. Though the disputing parties are free to choose applicable laws in international commercial arbitration, when it comes to the recognition and enforcement of an award they rely on the domestic laws and courts. If the court thinks that an award before them deals with a matter violates public policy, the court may refuse to recognise and enforce it. There is no uniformity in public policy notion among the states, it has been interpreted in different ways indifferent jurisdictions so it becomes very difficult to say which award will be allowed and which will violate the principle. Therefore, it becomes a big hurdle in the way of international commercial arbitration. To deal with this issue Indian judiciary took a step to define it and limit the scope doctrine of publicpolicy. Finally, in 2015 Indian Parliament amended the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, and clarified the term 'public policy'.


Our interest for the novel Madame Bovary by Gustave Flaubert falls within the works of the Swiss Lausanne Group on the variants of manic-depressive organizations. Although our knowledge of manic depressive functioning has become clearer with time, the specific place of melancholy within the psychopathological continuum had remained a source of questioning. The authors wish to revive the concept of a melancholic entity and define its characteristics in a clearer fashion. Using an in depth analysis of the character, Emma Bovary, they postulate that melancholic functioning is a form of manic-depressive organization, i.e. one of its possible manifestations.


Meatball is a favorite food of children, because it is a good taste and cheap. Meatballs is not always healthy to consume because of the addition of borax so the texture of meatballs more chewy, more bright and more durable in order not easily rotted. The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of education, knowledge, attitude of meatball sellers and the use of borax on meatballs at Lemahputro III Sidoarjo State Elementary School. Population of research as many as 10 pieces of meatballs and samples taken in total sampling. The result of the research is the level of education of meatballs sellers is still low (not graduated from primary/junior high school) by 50%, knowledge is not good about the meaning, benefi t, and the use of borax on meatballs by 30%. Less attitude when answering questions about the impact of borax use and supporting or not supporting the use of borax on meatballs by 40%. Laboratory test results on positive meatballs contain borax by 30%. Suggestion for schools are to establish cooperation between the school and health centers in the supervision of sellers who sell in the school environment and to admonish, to write a warning, and to give a sanction prohibiting to sell meatball. If the meatball sellers is still using borax then they will be not allowed to sell meatball.


Fatigue crack growth resistance of ultrafine grained Cu processed by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) was investigated. Particular emphasis was devoted to the effects of microstructure evolution on fatigue crack growth in the near-threshold regime. The ultrafine grained Cu exhibits a lower fatigue threshold than coarse-grained Cu at stress ratios of 0.1 and 0.7. Fatigue induced coarsening of the UFG structure near the fatigue crack and intergranular fatigue crack growth are observed.


Our work consists in following the microbiological quality control of unpasteurized milk during three months. During this period of eva luation, we noticed that the microbiological quality is rather inferior, this re sult (profit) translates by the proliferation of pathogenic germs and the presence repetitive of certain staphylococcus aureus origins (stumps) and the faecal streptococci of a rate of 95 germs / ml in the temperature of 37°C due to the ba d conditions of hygiene and the contamination of the equipments which serving has t he manipulation of the line (feature). We also note the presence of the other m ic oorganisms as: the aerobic germs total mésophiles in 30°C with a rate of 90671 UFC / ml, faecal coliformes in 44°C at a rate of 176 UFC / ml and clostridiums sulfito_reducteurs in 46°C but in the threshold with 02 colonies / ml. The microbiologica l analyses showed that the microbial load (responsibility) in samples is varia ble according to the sanitary conditions.


The differences in k epsilon model predictions of plane and axisymmetric expansion flows is investigated. The prediction of the coaxial jet for different velocity ratios of the annular to central jet is presented. The effects of inlet kinetic energy and the energy dissipation rate profiles are investigated for swirling and nonswirling flows. The effects of expansion ration and Reynolds number on the reattachment length are also presented. The results show that the inlet k and epsilon profiles have the most significant effect on the reattachment length and flow redevelopment for the case of coaxial jet of high velocity ratio. A comparison of k epsilon model predictions for the pipe expansion flow by the PHOENICS and TEACH codes reveals some discrepancies in the predicted results. TEACH prediction seems to produce unrealistic kinetic energy profiles in some regions of the flow. PHOENICS code produces a long tail in the recirculation region under certain conditions.


As an integral constituent of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), Se is a vital antioxidant during stress. Calves are exposed to multiple factors that can lead to oxidative stress, including viral infection. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of supplementation of Se and Se source on immune function of Holstein steer calves challenged with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV). Twentyfour Holstein steers (initial BW = 170 ± 0.6 kg) were assigned randomly to 3 treatments: 1) no supplemental Se (control); 2) 1 mg/steer daily of Se from Se yeast (Sel-Plex, Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY); or 3) 5 mg/steer daily of Se from sodium selenite. Treatments were fed for 35 d before intranasal inoculation with IBRV (d 0) and were continued through 21 d after the challenge. Whole blood Se was greater (P 0.80) was not affected by treatment. Serum interleukin-1β concentrations tended to be greater (P = 0.09) in steers fed selenite compared with control steers, and tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations 12 h after the challenge tended (P = 0.09) to be greater in steers fed Sel-Plex compared with control steers. Steers in the selenite group had decreased (P ≤ 0.02) serum urea N at 4 and 72 h after the challenge compared with control steers, and steers receiving Sel-Plex had increased serum urea N at 72 h (P = 0.008) after the IBRV challenge compared with control steers. Serum glucose concentrations tended (P = 0.06) to be


Objective To explore the preventive role of heath education to military training injury and provide a scientifical guide to military training Method To give a good health education to the men in the experiment group, on the contrary, there was not a special health education in the control group, then study the effect of military training injury in two groups Result The rate of military training injury in the experimental group was 2.12%, on the contrast, in the contral group was 7.25% Time in hospital of the experiment group was 23.67 d, the later was 32.04 d, 16 cases was disabled in the former group, 47 cases was disabled in the later group Conclusion Health education was one of the effective methods to reduce military training injury in recurits We must carry out health education in recurits


As one of the representative works of modernism, The Waste Land brought great impact to Western poetry. Its abundance in literal allusions and images earned the poem the 'fame' of "chaotic poem". Underneath chaos and disorder, the poem has achieved a unity of imagery and theme. The superficial disorder is intended to be in accordance with the age of chaos, so as to maintain a unity of content and form.


The maintenance of the ODN (optical distribution network) in PONs is discussed. Post-fault maintenance (to detect, locate and restore the faults) and preventive maintenance (to reduce the fault events) are both considered. The use of OTDR based measuring and monitoring systems is examined in detail.


To determine whether baseline characteristics had an impact on clinical outcomes in the LixiLan‐O trial (N = 1170), we compared the efficacy and safety of iGlarLixi, a titratable fixed‐ratio combination of insulin glargine 100 U (iGlar) and lixisenatide (Lixi) with iGlar or Lixi alone in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on oral therapy. Subgroups according to baseline glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c; <8% or ≥8% [<64 or ≥64 mmol/mol]), T2DM disease duration (<7 or ≥7 years) and body mass index (BMI; <30 or ≥30 kg/m2) were investigated. In all subpopulations, iGlarLixi was consistently statistically superior to iGlar and Lixi alone in reducing HbA1c from baseline to week 30; higher proportions of patients achieved HbA1c <7% (<53 mmol/mol) with iGlarLixi vs iGlar and Lixi alone. Compared with iGlar, iGlarLixi resulted in a substantial decrease in 2‐hour postprandial plasma glucose levels, and mitigation of weight gain, with no differences among subpopulations in incidence of symptomatic hypoglycaemia. iGlarLixi consistently improved glycaemic control compared with iGlar and Lixi alone, without weight gain or increase in hypoglycaemic risk compared with iGlar in the subpopulations tested, regardless of baseline HbA1c, disease duration and BMI.


* Dr. Marble Nandwa Odhiambo 1 and Dr. Duncan Wekesa Wasike 2 . 1. Department of Science and Mathematics Education, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology. 2. Department of Science and Mathematics Education, Kibabii Univerisity and to whom correspondence should be addressed. ...................................................................................................................... Manuscript Info Abstract ......................... ........................................................................ Manuscript History


The invention relates to a multiple-axis servo bottle making machine intelligent system which belongs to the field of glass container mechanical control. The multiple-axis servo bottle making machine intelligent system comprises a host computer PC and a control centre PN connected with the host computer PC. The multiple-axis servo bottle making machine intelligent system is characterized in that the control center PN also comprises a hypogyny computer control unit CPUS and a servo drive unit; the servo drive unit also comprises drives consisting of a plurality of groups of double-axis bottle shifting device mechanisms, a plurality of groups of servo bottle clamping mechanisms, a plurality of groups of servo turnover mechanisms and a plurality of groups of servo die sinking mechanisms, andthe plurality of groups of the double-axis bottle shifting device mechanisms, the plurality of groups of the servo bottle clamping mechanisms, the plurality of groups of the servo turnover mechanismsand the plurality of groups of the servo die sinking mechanisms are connected with the control centre PN through cables. The invention has simple structure, integrates system data processing, communication and I/O, and can realize coordinate simultaneous positioning operation of timing positioning calibration curves of 80 servo axles of double-axis bottle shifting, servo bottle clamping, servo turnover, servo die sinking, and the like of each group of bottle making machines.


We establish a sample of 370 Mira variables that are likely near the Galactic center (GC). The sources have been selected from the OGLE and BAaDE surveys based on their sky coordinates, OGLE classifications, and BAaDE maser-derived line-of-sight velocities. As the distance to the GC is known to a high accuracy, this sample is a test bed for reddening and extinction studies toward the GC and in Mira envelopes. We calculated separate interstellar- and circumstellar-extinction values for individual sources, showing that there is a wide range of circumstellar extinction values (up to four magnitudes in the K$_s$ band) in the sample, and that circumstellar reddening is statistically different from interstellar reddening laws. Further, the reddening laws in the circumstellar environments of our sample and the circumstellar environments of Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) Miras are strikingly similar despite the different metallicities of the samples. Period-magnitude relations for the mid-infrared (MIR) WISE and MSX bands are also explored, and in the WISE bands we compare these to period-magnitude relationships derived from Miras in the LMC as it is important to compare these LMC relations to those in a higher metallicity environment. Emission from the envelope itself may contaminate MIR magnitudes altering the relations, especially for sources with thick envelopes.


variables of the lower level, one obtains a general formal theoretical scheme exhibiting correlations stronger than the quantum ones, but with faster-than-light communication forbidden. By varying the parameters of the model, it is possible to obtain an arbitrary violation of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt and Tsirelson bounds. This result is interesting by itself since it shows that a violation of the quantum bound for nonlocal correlations can be implemented in a precise physical manner and not only mathematically and it suggests that resorting to two levels of nonlocal hidden variables might lead to a deeper understanding of the physical principles at the basis of quantum nonlocality. It is useful to mention that a model having features similar to ours has already been considered in the literature. However, from the point of view of its nonlocal aspects, it is physically much less appealing since averaging over the lower-level hidden variables yields correlations that can take only a discrete set of values for any choice of the upper-level variables and not the continuous set of values characterizing our approach. We discuss this problem in the concluding section of our work.


A research about damping non-coincidence in same stroke had been done based on coupling characteristics of stiffness and damping of multi-branch interconnected hydro-pneumatic suspension. The mathematical model of main damping valves,accumulators and partial hydraulic system were developed based on penetrating analysis of structure and principle of interconnected hydro-pneumatic suspension. The real reason which caused the problem of damping non-coincidence was find out by means of simulation. And the impact of parameters to damping non-coincidence is analyzed,which has reference value for it.


In this study, the effect of prophylactic anti-inflammation on the development of smokeinduced emphysema was investigated. Young male guinea-pigs aged 1.5 - 2 months (weighing 198.3±26.9 g) were randomly divided into 4 groups: group A (cigarette smoke exposure only),group B (cigarette smoke exposure plus pentoxifylline-rich (PTX, 10 mg/d) forage feeding), group C (cigarette smoke exposure plus intermittent cortical steroid injection (Triamcinolone acetonide, 3mg, im, every three weeks) and control group (group D: animals with sham smoke exposure,raised under the same conditions). Animals in group A, B and C were exposed to smoke of cigarettes for 1 to 1.5 h twice a day, 5 days a week. All animals were killed at the 16th week and followed by morphometrical analysis of the midsagittal sectioned lung slices. Smoke exposure of 16 weeks resulted in visible emphysematous development in Group A but not in Group B and C. It was evidenced by the indicator of air-space size, mean linear intercept (Lm): 120.6±16.0 μm in Group A; 89.8±9.2 μm in Group B and 102.4±17.7 μm in Group C. The average Lm in either group B or group C was shorter than that in Group A (ANOVA and Newman-Keuls test, F=8.80, P=0.0002) but comparable to that (94.8±13.2 μm) in group D (P>0.05). It is concluded that longterm prophylactic anti-inflammation inhibits pulmonary emphysema induced by cigarette smoking in the guinea pigs.


Highly c-oriented nanocolumn structure ZnO films were successfully deposited on sapphire (0001) substrates by pulsed laser deposition at a substrate temperature of 500℃ and 200mTorr oxygen pressure. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, photoluminescence, and spectroscopic ellipsometry were used to characterize the


Nitrogen is one of the most effective elements to enhance strength, corrosion resistance and austenite stability of stainless steels. Recently many studies have been conducted about high nitrogen stainless steels produced by pressurized melting process such as pressurized electro-slag-remelting, pressurized induction melting and so on. In this report, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of an experimental high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel Fe-8Mn-21Cr-4Mo-1.2N ; mass%, produced by a pressurized induction melting method were investigated and the follow-ing results were obtained.


The continuing reduction and fragmentation of habitats is not only affecting biodiversity, but has also led to the loss of important ecosystem functions


The article describes the technical solution for the construction of microwave range phase direction finding radio engineering system. The device may be used for direction finding of aircraft radio transmitters by geographic coordinates and flight altitude. The radio system contains one ground receiving station and an airborne phased direction finder, located on the unmanned aerial vehicle, which direction-indicates the target by two angularcoor-dinates. At the ground receiving point, the target is only finding by azimuth. This approach eliminates the problem of direction finding from the ground at low elevation angles. The proposal may provide an acceptable accuracy of direction finding by the phase method with small antenna sizes.


In a principal - multi-agent relationship, we derive the optimal mutual monitoring - incentive pay mix. When agents are better informed about their effort choices than the principal, and when their information is suffciently "good" there is a substituability between those two modes of providing incentives. However the optimal mix will depend on the liability limit of the agents. Thus when it is suffciently slack the principal uses stronger incentive pay and less mutual monitoring. We derive the conditions for the adoption of costly supervisory technology. We finish by comparing two possible organizational structures: delegation with unilateral supervision versus mutual monitoring.


Oral presentations are a common genre in technical and business communication courses. While it is important for students to develop a professional ethos when presenting information, in this article I argue that textbooks' discussion of professional dress and voice privilege cisgendered bodies and erase the differences and bodily experiences that transgendered individuals face. This may cause dissonance in trans students who may come to believe that they must choose between their genders and being professional.


This work reveals an ordered mesoporous carbon material co-doped with nitrogen and iron (Fe–N–C) for ORR catalysis in an alkaline electrolyte, whose ORR performance surpasses most of the previous metal-free heteroatom-containing carbon materials and is comparable to that of conventional Pt/C in terms of half-wave potential, limiting current density and kinetic current density. A procedure for preparing this Fe–N–C catalyst is described.


Peatlands are integral to sustaining landscape eco-hydrological function in water-limited boreal landscapes and serve as important water sources for headwater streams and surrounding forests, and recently for mega-scale watershed construction associated with resource extraction. Despite the regional moisture deficit of the Boreal plains, peatlands and margin swamps exist on topographic highs where low permeability (clogging) layers occur proximal to the surface and are apparently isolated from surface water and local and regional groundwater inputs. The water generating mechanisms (external water sources, internal feedback mechanisms) that enable peatland formation with such delicate water balances in these unique hydrogeologic settings are not well known, and have large implications for understanding the eco-hydrologic role of natural peatlands as well as direct peatland construction in drier boreal landscapes.

A multi-year sampling campaign was conducted to collect hydrometric, geochemical (DOC, pH, major cations and anions), and isotopic (D/H, 18O/16O) data from a small isolated peatland-margin swamp complex. We explored the relative roles of margin swamps in buffering water loss and generating perched groundwater, shading and wind protection from adjacent forests, snow redistribution in and around the peatland, and wetland feedbacks on maintenance of peatland moisture and ecosystem function. Long-term (18 year) records of water table gradients between the peatland and an adjacent forest combined with 3 year high intensity water balance calculations show the peatland to be a source of water to adjacent forests during this period and illustrate the dominance of autogenic wetland feedbacks over allogenic controls (external sources) in peatland development at this location. Contrasts in water storage due to the morphometry of the clogging layer appear to the dominant determinants of peatland and swamp form and function. Layers of decomposed peat and fine textured mineral soils in margin swamps with low water storage potential promoted frequent soil saturation and anoxia, limiting forest vegetation growth and water uptake, further enhancing wetland vegetation, water conservation and generation within the wetland complex. Shading and wind protection from adjacent forests appear to influence soil frost duration and atmospheric demand to further reduce evapotranspiration losses contributing to a slight moisture surplus in the wetland complex relative to the adjacent forest. Understanding the water balance and moisture surplus controls in isolated peatlands sheds light on the relative role of allogenic and autogenic controls on peatlands with implications for: 1) assessing regional eco-hydrological roles of peatland and forestland covers, 2) predicting landscape-scale response to environmental change and land use, and 3) directing landscape scale reclamation or large reconstruction projects over a range of geologic settings in water-limited boreal regions.


Skype is beyond any doubt the most popular VoIP application on the Internet. Its amazing success has drawn the great attention of telecom operators and the research communities, both are interested in knowing its internal mechanism, characterizing its traffic, and understanding its users' behavior. However, due to its proprietary, these problems have not been completely solved, which likes a black box that hides a lot of secrets. Skype login is the first step of the whole communication process and very critical for guaranteeing the Quality of Service. This paper aims to reveal the secrets of Skype login. Based on a lot of experiments and observations, we deeply analyze the Skype login, and completely make clear the various functions, traffic characteristics and login process of Skype. Uncovering these secrets is very useful for protocol identification, traffic classification, network management and optimization.


Background: Information literacy enables Ophthalmologists – Eye Doctors to achieve a wide variety of academic, work related and personal goals. The study aims to examine the information literacy skills among ophthalmologists. Methodology: The study design is cross-sectional and convenience sampling method is adopted. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. SPSS 18 PASW Statistical package was used for statistical analysis. Frequencies, percentages, Mann Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, chi-square were used in the study. Findings: Around 633 ophthalmologists working in 47 academic eye hospitals from 16 states of India were included in the study. The results revealed that majority of the ophthalmologists were able to find the information within a few hours and there doesn't any association with ophthalmologists' individual and institutional characteristics. Majority of the ophthalmologists were confident on the literacy skill "When I recognize an information need, I determine what topic I have to search". The statistical test results showed that there exist a significant difference between ophthalmologists' information literacy skills and designation, experience. Conclusion: The ophthalmic librarians, ophthalmic institutions, ophthalmic training institutions, and ophthalmic community should provide literacy programs to improve the information literacy skills of ophthalmologists.


Asian and Pacific Islander (API) youth have not generated much attention in the field of crime and delinquency. Part of this can be attributed to the fact that, as a group, their numbers are small: Pacific Islanders composed 0.3% (Grieco, 2001) and Asians constituted 4.2% (Barnes & Bennett, 2002) of the total U.S. population in 2000. In addition, they are viewed as performing well in educational, occupational, and social settings, and they are geographically concentrated in certain regions of the country, most noticeably in the Western states (almost 50% of Asians and approximately 75% of Pacific Islanders live in this region). In other words, they are easily disregarded except in certain areas of the country. Recently, the issues of API youth have been less easily overlooked due to their increasing visibility in official crime statistics. For example, the number of API youth arrests increased between 1980 and 2000 (11% change) at a time when the arrests of all other racial groups declined substantially— decreases of 24% for Native Americans, 47% for African Americans, and 49% for White youth (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 1981, 2001). (The FBI does not classify Hispanic youth separately in arrest statistics.) Second, the population of API youth during the same 20-year interval has increased by 181% as compared to a growth of almost 3% by all other youth. Third, when crime data are disaggregated by ethnicity, some API groups are overrepresented in juvenile justice processing, including in arrests, adjudication, and placement out of the home, and some API groups have arrest rates that are among the highest in the jurisdiction (Le, Arifuku, Louie, & Krisberg, 2001; Le, Arifuku, Louie, Krisberg, & Tang, 2001). Since October 2000, a coordinated and systematic examination of API youth and violence has been funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as one of its National Academic Centers of Excellence on Youth Violence Prevention. The Asian/Pacific Islander Youth Violence Prevention Center (API Center) was proposed by the University of Hawaii in partnership with the National Council on Crime and Delinquency and was funded for 5 years. The API Center was envisioned as a gathering place for researchers and API communities to engage in dialogue about issues relevant to violence prevention in API communities. Two of its major aims were to mobilize a com-


In the title compound, [CuCl2(C13H19N3O)] H2O, the tridentate Schiff base ligand and the two Cl atoms complete a distorted square-pyramidal coordination geometry around the Cu ion in which the three N atoms and one Cl atom are located in the basal plane and the other Cl atom is at the apical position. In the crystal, O—H Cl hydrogen bonds link the complex molecules and the uncoordinated water molecules into infinite chains along the a axis. The chains are further connected into a three-dimensional network via C—H O and C—H Cl interactions.


Experienced and Competent faculty has been increasingly sought after. Institutions ought to find the raison d'etre which motivate faculty in joining technical institutions. Prior identification helps the institutions in providing these features to attract the best of faculty. The current study identifies the faculty motivating factors in joining technical institutions. The study revealed that four factors Institutional Factors, Individual Development Factors, Comfortable Job and Greater Academic Freedom can help the institutions in attracting faculty


the establishment of the National Open University, the layout of the P5 + 1 Open University, inaugurated in various provinces and cities open university division, marking the of open and distance education in China into a new milestone. The distanceeducation system learning support service team of the four elements is studied, according to the current distance education contentand the present situation proposed to open education system based on how to strengthen the learning support service troop qualityconstruction, for distance education learning support service team lay a solid foundation for the construction.


This paper describes the different phases of archaeological research of protohistoric surface scatters on the Monte San Nicola, a hilltop in northern Calabria (Italy). Protohistoric pottery near the summit was first identified by Italian archaeologists in the 1980's. During GIA field walking surveys in the Raganello basin (2000-2010) several artefact concentrations were mapped, without coming to conclusions about the nature of human activity producing these remains. Additional high-resolution archaeological, geophysical, and pedological data was collected on the slopes surrounding the summit during the Rural Life in Protohistoric Italy project (2010-2015). A review of these combined datasets results in a new, exciting interpretation of the hilltop site. The article concludes with a proposals for future research to verify this.


The utility model relates to a silent pump having a flow deflecting device, which comprises a pump body, an impeller, a sealing body, a dry-type electric machine winding, a water-cooling motor casing, a shielding cover and a water outlet body. The utility model is characterized in that a guide vane seat of a cone is arranged in the water outlet body. The guide vane seat is provided with a guide vane. The guide vane seat of the cone is positioned on an axial line in the water outlet body, and the tip of the guide vane seat of the cone points to a water outlet. The guide vane plane on the guide vane seat is parallel to the axial line of the water outlet body. The utility model has the following advantages that the water in the water outlet body changes from disorderly flow to orderly flow, the water does not generate whirlpools, and the utility model improves the entire unit efficiency by 1%-2% or so.


Background: There is now sufficient evidence to conclude that cognitive-behavioral interventions are effective in reducing pain and distress for many. Aims: To assess the effect of a new distraction interven tion, as a practical and cost effective approach to reduce perceived pain and stress during venipuncture in he alt y school-age children. Methods: The study was carried out as an experimental study with a control group. Children (N=144), in whom venipuncture was applied at a child blood collectio n unit for examination were included in the study. The data were obtained using a form to determine introductor y features about the children, and the Wong–Baker F ACES Pain Rating Scale and the visual analogue scale to evaluate the pain. For the data analysis, mean and percentage distributions, chi-square test, analysis of varianc e, and correlation analysis were used. The ethical principles were adhered to in all cases. Results: Children's pain severity connected to venipuncture in the control group was higher than the three experimental groups. The difference between the gro ups was determined to be significant (p>0.01). Chil dren's cortisol levels connected to venipuncture in the co ntrol group was higher than the three experimental groups. The difference between groups was determined to be insignificant (p>0.05). Only a low positive correla tion was found between the cortisol levels and pain severity (p<0.01) in the children in the experimental and c ontrol groups. A negative moderate correlation was found b etween their ages and pain severity (p<0.001-0.01) in the experimental and control groups. Conclusion: It was detected that a new distraction interventio n using different colored flashlights effectively reduced the pain and stress related to venipuncture in healthy school children. Distraction interventi o with different colored flashlights is a method that nurs es will be able to use for venipuncture to obtain o ptimal pain and stress control.


Liquid distribution along an ejector-Venturi scrubber was determined experimentally in an industrial-scale pilot plant. The effects of geometry as well as flow rates were studied. The results showed that a significant fraction of the liquid travels as a film. Therefore, it should be taken into consideration in mass transfer studies, where usually it is neglected. The data were used to test a model, that allows for interchange of liquid between drops and film flowing on the Venturi walls. There was good agreement between experiment and predictions.


This paper proposes and tests empirically a theoretical model that integrates an innovative construct capturing consumers' inaction risk perception regarding not using an information and communication technology (ICT) service designed to support them in a non-leisure activity. A theoretical model contrasting perceived risk of not using (or inaction risk of) an ICT mobile application supporting health promotion to perceived risk of using this application (or action risk) was developed and tested with a sample of potential health ICT consumers in North America. Results show that inaction risk is a moderately strong antecedent of motivational factors in contrast to action risk that hinders the adoption of the ICT health promotion application.


How to cite this paper: Aghi Aaron Ngong "Effectiveness of Multisensory Learning Approach in Teaching Reading to Pupils with Dyslexia in Ordinary Primary Schools in Bamenda III Sub Division, Mezam Division, of the North West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 24566470, Volume-3 | Issue-5, August 2019, pp.915-924, https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd26560


This paper analyses the business characteristics of ship design and the requirements of informationization of shipbuilding industry, and introduces the framework, workflow and environment of the remote collaboration design system for ships, which is developed by the authors. The way the system supports parallel and collaborative design in different places is also presented.


This paper focuses on the phonological poetic devices found in the poetry of Robert Browning and Alfred Tennyson. It investigates five patterns of phonological poetic devices. The study is based on randomly selected poems from each poet to obtain a representative sample of the particular poetic devices and tabulates the frequency their usage. The poetic devices under investigation are onomatopoeia, assonance, consonance, alliteration, and rhyme. The paper quantitatively analyzes the occurrence of these phonological poetic devices in randomly selected poems from the works of the two poets to a clear picture of the sound patterns found in the poetry of Robert Browning and Alfred Tennyson.


Background and Purpose: We present the first case of combined arterial (vertebral artery dissection) and venous [central sinus vein thrombosis (CSVT)] diseases presenting as Opalski syndrome in a female patient following induced delivery. Case Description: A 32-year-old woman was admitted to our institute two weeks after induced delivery with intriguing neurological findings that were finally diagnosed as a combined venous-arterial disease. Although she was referred diagnosed with CSVT, her neurological findings indicated Wallenberg 'plus' syndrome with ipsilateral hemiparesis (Opalski syndrome), further confirmed by neuroimaging revealing arterial disease (vertebral artery dissection) combined with incidental acute CSVT. Coagulation, gynecological and cardiac problems were ruled out. Treatment consisted of continuous heparin with rigorous control of her blood pressure. Nine days later, the patient was discharged with prominent improvements. Most of the symptoms resolved following 3 months of rehabilitation. Conclusions: Atypical strokes (such as Opalski syndrome) might present in postpartum patients. This rare diagnosis should be suspected in patients with Wallenberg 'plus' syndrome, and neuroimaging studies for determining the presence of arterial disease and brain stem lesions should be performed. Concomitant CSVT is rare and might mislead. Fine diagnosis followed by immediate conservative treatment can be of great benefit.


By using of analytical multi-logic expresses in conjunction with non-deterministic Turing machine the proposition was proved that algorithm of deterministic Turing counter machine of polynomial time complexity can be decreased to the algorithm of linear time complexity in non-deterministic Turing counter machine. Furthermore, it was shown that existence of reduction of polynomial time complexity to the linear time complexity by switching from deterministic to non-deterministic Turing machine for string recognition imply P equals to NP. Analytical generation functions of higher order logic were used for finding of k value in Fagin's R. Theorem 24.


This article focuses on differences between the model of burnout developed by Leiter and the phase model of Golembiewski. The advantages of utilizing the full range of the subscales are contrasted with the phase approach based on dichotomizing the subscales. Directions for future model building are discussed.


The study below studies long- and short-term effects of proactive supervisory policy on various types of banks. Basing on a agent-based banking sector model, we compare the short- and long-term effects of two supervisory policies with different degrees of stringency. The results show that the in the short-term a stringent supervisory policy adversely affects small and medium-sized banks, including those that comply with supervisory requirements.Yet, as the banking sector rehabilitates, the benefits from increasing trust in such banks outweigh the short-term losses. Monopolism in the banking sector is reduced and price competition improved.


Pyrosequencing is a real-time DNA sequencing technology based on sequencing-by-synthesis.The technique based on a cascade of 4-enzyme reactions to proportionally convert pyrophosphate (PPi) into fluorescent signals.The heights of the peak signals stand for the number of nucleotide,so the unknown sequence from the pyrogram could be precisely read out.Pyrosequencing is charac- terized by easy handling,high throughput and automation.The advances on pyrosequencing technology were reviewed in this article,in- cluding the general principles,the history,the template preparation methods,the developments of pyrosequencing reaction systems,the instruments,the potential applications and developments.


Following the development of the Fuel Research Station "smoke eliminator" fire doors for hand-fired, natural-draught Lancashire boilers, a series of trials was carried out to obtain figures for their performance under a variety of conditions. Most of the trials were made with one or other of two sizes ("singles" and "smalls") of a Northumberland coal, which was chosen because of its tendency to make heavy smoke; similar results were obtained with both sizes. The figures obtained during these trials, together with those of a few supplementary trials, are used to illustrate the effects of certain variables upon the performance of a boiler of that type. The information presented includes (1) the correlation of smoke intensity with the composition of the flue gases and with thermal efficiency, (2) the use of secondary air and suitable methods of firing to reduce the heat losses caused by incomplete combustion, (3) the effect of too little and of too much excess air upon efficiency, and (4) the effect of load ...


Background : the student component in the door-to-door active screening related to COVID-19 is essential for the early detection of positive cases and risk groups. Objective : to characterize the student component in the door-to-door active screening related to COVID-19, in students of the "Dr. Zoilo Enrique Marinello Vidaurreta" Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Medical Sciences of Las Tunas, from March 23 to April 6, 2020. Methods : a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out with students of the aforementioned institution and during the period herein declared. The sample was made up of 20 5th-year students majoring in Medicine appointed to a doctor's office of the health district of "Manuel Fajardo" University Polyclinic of Las Tunas. The data were processed according to descriptive statistics. Results : there was a sex balance in the pair work. Regarding the students' knowledge, in the taxonomy the selection of COVID-19 as a disease by 11 students prevailed (55 %); whereas only 6 students (30 %) classified SARS-Cov-2 as a new type of coronavirus. The environment of the ecological triad and the hypothesis of the stages of the epidemiological method were the aspects where the students presented the greatest difficulties. The communication media were the main way of knowledge acquisition (80 %). Collectively, professional performance was assessed as good. The population showed a high level of satisfaction. Conclusions : the student component in the door-to-door active screening for COVID-19 was characterized. The student discipline stood out and the insufficiencies in the training to carry out the door-to-door screening were identified.


A simple and efficient method for presented for preparation of insoluble thin films of C 60 and the (TBA + )(C 60 - ) and (TBA + ) 2 (C 60 2- ) salts where TBA + represents the tetra-n-butylammonium cation. The method consists of bulk electroreducing a fine suspension of solid C 60 in acetonitrile solutions under a controlled potential which is sufficiently negative to generate the soluble C 60 3- anion


The transmitted reading τρία refers to the cultual acts performed by the three Theban Thiasarchs (leaders of a thiasos) in honour of Semele.


Mammography is the most perceptive method for the detection of early breast cancer. The abnormalities of breast are analyzed by digital mammogram images and the most important indicators of breast malignancy are microcalcifications and masses. An efficient Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system for breast cancer classification is proposed in this study based on Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Symmetric Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (SSNE) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) using digital mammogram images. Two technical approaches are employed for feature selection from the wavelet decomposed mammogram for classification. They are based on the application of SSNE over the decomposed image. At first, SSNE is applied to the whole wavelet decomposed image whereas in the second technique it is applied to individual sub band of the wavelet decomposed image. The whole mammogram classification system is implemented in two consecutive stages. The first stage of the proposed system classifies the mammogram image into normal or abnormal. The severity of the predicted abnormality is further classified either it is benign or malignant associated with mass or microcalcification images. The performance of the proposed mammogram classification system is evaluated using Mammographic Image Analysis Society (MIAS) database images.


An assessment of the small indigenous fish species (SIS) available in the fish markets was made using selected places of West Bengal, India as the geographical area. Information obtained on the species composition, species diversity and unit price was used as parameters to highlight the exploitation pattern of SIS. As a saleable unit, the SIS was sold as an assortment of multiple species following harvest from the local freshwater wetlands. Samples (n = 117) of assorted SIS from the fish markets revealed considerable variations in the composition (species richness ranging between 2 and 11) and diversity (Shannon-Weiner diversity index ranging between 0.69 and 2.27). Among the total of 28 species of SIS, the numerical dominance of Amblypharyngodon mola, Puntius sophore, Chanda nama, Parambassis ranga and Mystus vittatus were observed in the samples while Channa striata, Badis badis, Macrognathus aculeatus were observed in least numbers in the samples. The relative abundance of fish species was found to decrease with the increase in species richness in the samples complying with a linear regression equation (Relative abundance (y) = 70.06 5.182 x Species richness (x); R2 = 0.553; r = -0.744; P<0.0001). The unit selling price was related to the abundance in the samples as a logistic regression; price (y) = 1 / (1 + exp (-(1.3 0.21 x (x) abundance))), indicating variations in the pricing pattern. Application of the multivariate statistics (principal component analysis) explained >67% variation of the data on the price, species richness, relative abundance and absolute abundance of the SIS in the samples. The observation on the SIS in the market was a pioneer effort to document the variations in the species composition and exploitation pattern of a natural resource. The species composition and the exploitation pattern recorded in the present study was primary but essential information on the ecology and economics of the SIS as a food resource enriched with protein, vitamin and minerals. Further studies should be carried out to monitor the harvest and exploitation pattern of SIS from the concerned geographical area.


Aim:To explore the effect and clinical experience of preservation of the empvalvular and entire mitral subvalvular apparatus during mitral valve replacement(MVR) in the elderly(age ≥65 years old).Methods: Thirty-one elderly patients(age ≥65 years old) who underwent MVR with preservation of the empvalvular and entire mitral subvalvular apparatus in our hospital were followed up for 6 months or more.In the entire mitral subvalvular preservation group(Group Ⅰ),there were 17 patients.In the empvalvular preservation group(Group Ⅱ),there were 14 patients.We contrasted the time of operation and the use time of vasoactive drugs(such as dopamine、nitroglycerin、 milrinone、 epinephrine etc) and mechanical ventilation postoperatively,measured the dimensions and cardiac function by echocardiography preoperatively and postoperatively.All patients were followed up regularly and examined by echocardiography again 6 months after surgery.Results: There was no operative mortality in Group Ⅰ,however,1 case died of serious low cardiac output syndrome 2 days after surgery in Group Ⅱ.The operation time、length of stay in ICU and mechanical ventilation time postoperatively、as well as the use time of vasoactive drugs(such as dopamine、nitroglycerin、milrinone、 epinephrine etc) in Group Ⅰ were all less than GroupⅡ significantly.There was no notable difference in the time of operation of two Groups.During six months follow-up,no death occurred and recovery of cardiac function in Group Ⅰwas still better than Group Ⅱ.Conclusion:It is feasible,effective and safe that the technique,which preserved entire mitral subvalvular apparatus,is applied to MVR in the elderly.This can protect the left ventricular function better and reduce surgical complications more effectively.


A Class of advanced distributed process control systems is introduced. The presented systems are local area networks consisting of a large number of microprocessor-based computer nodes that perform control and monitoring functions. The computer nodes communicate by broadcasting state information in source-addressed messages. The potential advantages of this communication mechanism over conventional destination-addressed message passing are: no side effect of function executions, convenient monitoring of running systems, facilitation of incremental system construction and system extension while the system is in service, support of backward error tracing and the identification of fault sources. There already exist a few distributed process control systems that are based on broadcasting source-addressed messages. The technological progress in high-speed data transmission and further research in broadcast-oriented computer communication will broaden the application range of these systems.


A liquid electrolyte capacitor is provided which comprises a porous anode body, which includes a dielectric layer, an electrolyte and a cathode comprising a metal substrate on which a conductive coating is located. Prior to the application of the conductive coating, the metal substrate is blasted with abrasives in order to increase the ability of the substrate to adhere to the coating. The micro-roughened metal substrate may be treated so that substantially the entire grinding bodies are removed after the beams. This is achieved in that the metal substrate for the removal of particles is brought into contact with an extraction solution, and also by the fact that the type of abrasive article is selectively controlled so that they are in the solution dispersible (z. B. soluble).


The design parameters of the circular Fresnel zone plate are the diameter, focal length, frequency, degree of phase correction, and dielectric material. An experimental design was carried out at 35 GHz for both a transmitting and a reflecting zone plate. It is shown that the rings on the lower half of the zone plate are almost circular, while the rings on the upper half of the zone plate are slightly elliptical with an eccentricity of about 1.20. As beta increases, the eccentricity decreases. The resulting zone plate, therefore, is not much different from a zone plate with an on-axis feed and circular rings. This explains the relatively good performance of such a zone plate when its feed is moved off-axis by as much as 20 degrees . If beta is larger than 20 degrees , then the elliptical design procedure should be implemented to obtain maximum intensity at the focal point.<<ETX>>


A working party set up by the Royal Colleges of Pathologists and of Paediatrics and Child Health has recommended introducing a national multiagency protocol for the management and investigation of sudden and unexpected deaths in infancy.1

In 1999, a protocol embodying many of the features now recommended for the national protocol was introduced in Sussex, England.2

This report on how such a protocol works in practice and its findings have implications for the implementation of a national protocol.

I collected anonymised data from coroners' records on postmortem investigations and cause of death of all infants who were reported to have died suddenly and unexpectedly in Sussex (total population 1 500 000, 150 000 aged under 15) in the three years 2000-2.

I used postal questionnaire and semistructured interview to get …


The key connotation of "we-group consciousness" is a common sense of belonging among people,that is,their sense of identity and collective consciousness to the nation and country.Therefore,a people with "we-group consciousness" will possess a strong national pride and cohesive force.In the Tang Dynasty,both the Han people,the home-migrated minorities and those ethnics around China all possessed a "we-group consciousness" and considered themselves proudly as the Tang people.The enormous cohesive force initiated by the "we-group consciousness" once played an important part in the rise and prosperity of the great Tang Empire.However,it was the great difference between the state-governing system and the region-saddling system imposed respectively in inland areas and northwestern borders that resulted in great contrast in possessing the "we-group consciousness" and affected the stability of the rule of the Tang Dynasty in northwestern China.


Lerbekmo (2002) recently described an occurrence of a Cretaceous bentonite horizon in south-central Alberta, which extends across an area of subcrop of nearly 10 000 km2 and is up to 13 m thick. The bentonite was emplaced in a single event and has all of the characteristics normally associated with the distal "co-ignimbrite" ash fall that accompanies the emplacement of voluminous ignimbrite deposits. Lerbekmo (2002) estimated that the volume of the unit was > 57 km3 and suggested that source of the bentonite lies 300 km to the southwest. In fact, as I show here, the volume of this unit is considerably greater than suggested and certainly > 83 km3.

Observations of modern tephra deposits have established that many fall deposits show exponential thickness decay (Pyle …


The research aims to develop a digital application for preparing an exercise program to make it easier for trainers to prepare an exercise program. This research uses Agile Development Methods. This research was conducted at the Faculty of Sports Science, Unesa, involving a sample of 50 students. The sampling technique in this study used a purpose random sampling technique. Data collection techniques using surveys. Based on the results of observations made to the sample, a total of 78% of the sample stated that the development of this application was going very well, 14% was good and 8% was sufficient. It can be concluded that this digital-based training program web is suitable for use by trainers in preparing training programs.


This paper proposes a multi-criteria routing metric LB-WCETT for wireless mesh networks by comparing several existing routing metrics,in which the link qualities,channel diversity and load of the channel in the networks are considered.Simulation results demonstrate that LB-WCETT can improve the performance of wireless mesh networks greatly.


Objective To discuss the operative method and effect of lumbar canal C decompression in the treatment of lumbar vertebral canal stenosis. Methods The interspinal ligment, partial vertebral process, vertebral lamina and ligament flavum were resected through the space of the lesion, then the inner verge of the little joint process was locally resected. The osseous bluge and the front of the lesion. Results 12 patient's curative effect had been excellent for 1 year after treatment. Conclusion Lumbar vertebral canal C decompression could treat the lumbar vertebral canal stenosis and decrease the side effect to the lumbar vertebral stability.


We offer a wide range of installation, maintenance and repair services for commercial and industrial steam and gas, oil or coal-fired hot water boilers.


This article offers a critical discussion of the concept of the 'relative autonomy of culture' that is central to Jeffrey C. Alexander's cultural sociol- ogy. It shows that, in Alexander's work, the relative autonomy of culture is conceptualised in two different ways: fi rst, as an analytical autonomy that is part of a multidimensional model of social action, and second, as the formal autonomy of a semiotic system that dominates in the more culturalist strand of Alexander's work. The author claims that Alexander's attempt to move in his work beyond a merely analytical autonomy of culture towards a fuller view of autonomy brings mixed results. Both concepts of the relative autonomy of cul- ture assert an internal logic of culture, but the semiotic variant offers a much more developed account of what its internal structure is. However, the draw- back of the semiotic view is that it tends towards the position of an absolute autonomy of culture or cultural idealism, which is diffi cult to reconcile with an adequate view of agency. The related proposal, fi rst formulated by Anne Kane and endorsed by Alexander, to distinguish between the analytical and the concrete autonomy of culture is internally contradictory, for once culture becomes concretely enmeshed with social life, culture's autonomy dissolves. The central weakness of the concept of the autonomy of culture is identifi ed as the insuffi ciently developed explication of the internal mechanism through which culture and action are linked. Social theory has to do more to com- bine an analytical conception of culture, situated within a multidimensional framework of action, with a semiotic view of cultural structures.