Surface impedance absorbing boundary conditions have been introduced in various contexts in the literature. In this letter, the reflection from such conditions is investigated theoretically. It is shown that the reflection coefficients are identical or similar to those of the Higdon condition.


110 Background: Sarcopenia or a loss of muscle mass increases with aging and is associated with increased overall mortality in patients with cancer. Recent advances in machine learning–based CNN algorithms have allowed for the rapid processing of digital images to produce image classifications of body composition. Since incidence of MM is highly associated with aging, we sought to determine if the presence of sarcopenia, as determined by utilizing this machine learning–based CNN algorithm on CT images, had prognostic value in patients with NDMM. Methods: We identified all patients with NDMM from January 2003 to July 2019 who had a standard-dose CT scan that included the L3 vertebral level performed within 6 months of diagnosis. Using a machine learning–based CNN-algorithm, abdominal CT images were analyzed to measure muscle area. These measurements were normalized by dividing the area values by the height of the patient squared (m2) to obtain skeletal muscle index (SMI) values. Patients were categorized as sarcopenic according to international gender-specific consensus cutoffs for SMI (male: < 55 cm2/m2 and female: < 39 cm2/m2). Patients with the following FISH cytogenetics were considered high risk (HR): t(4;14), t(14;16), t(14;20), and deletion 17p/monosomy 17 whereas the remainder were standard risk (SR). Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared via the log-rank method. Results: The study cohort consisted of 344 patients. 68 (20%) were categorized as HR based on FISH cytogenetics.187 (54%) patients were sarcopenic based on their peri-diagnosis standard-dose CT scan. Sarcopenic patients were more likely to have ISS-3 disease (45% vs. 30%; p =.023), be male (73% vs. 48%; p <.001), and be ≥ age 75 (27% vs. 14%; p =.002) compared to non-sarcopenic patients. The median OS for patients with HR FISH and ISS 2 / 3 disease was 40 months and 57 months respectively compared to 90 months and 119 months for those with SR FISH and ISS-1 disease respectively (FISH: p <.004; ISS: p <.001). The median OS for sarcopenic patients was 44 months compared to 90 months for those not sarcopenic (p <.001). The time to next therapy (TTNT) for sarcopenic patients was 39 months compared to 45 months for those not sarcopenic (p =.05). In a multivariable model, the presence of sarcopenia (HR 1.64, 95% CI, 1.05–2.56; p =.03) retained significance in the presence of HR FISH, ISS 2 / 3 disease, and age ≥ 75. Conclusions: Gender-specific sarcopenia identified by a machine learning–based CNN algorithm significantly affects OS in patients with NDMM and is independent of age, ISS stage, and cytogenetic status. Future studies utilizing this machine learning–based methodology of assessing sarcopenia in larger prospective clinical trials are required to validate these findings.


This paper is concerned with the investigations of the thermal hydraulic behavior during the cooling process of the spent nuclear fuel discharged from power reactors, which is stored in a dry storage cask containing 21 fuel assemblies during normal and accident conditions. An experimental test rig has been designed and constructed to simulate this case. The test rig is equipped with twenty one verticals electrical heaters made of steel to simulate the spent fuel. It is equipped with 38 thermocouples to measure surface and coolant temperatures. The test rig is used to investigate the effect of the decay heat variation on thermal-hydraulic behaveor. The decay heat changed from 210 to 420, 630, 840 watt. Scenarios are made for an accident condition by blockage at the inlet and outlet of coolant. The ANSYSCFX code has been used to simulate these effects. Comparisons between experimental and calculated results are performed.


In this paper, a system of automat is collecting and disposingand transmiting the hydrological information is introduced.Its structrure principle and technologic realization and system design are thoroughly discussed.


Does information provision to beneficiaries and incentives given to financial inter-mediaries improve awareness and use of mobile money accounts? We present results from a field experiment conducted among recently digitized government-payment beneficiaries in Bangladesh. Using a randomized control trial, we measure the impact of three treatment arms: Beneficiaries are either provided information through posters, videos, and calendars, an agent award scheme is rolled out in the locality of beneficiaries, or the two approaches are combined. Six months after the intervention, we find detectable effects on outcomes related to awareness, knowledge, trust, and usage of mobile money accounts. This simple information campaign paired with non-monetary encouragement for mobile financial services (MFS) agents increased beneficiaries' trust in mobile accounts by 10 percentage points. The ability to perform transactions related to mobile money also increased (by 4 percentage points) but only among beneficiaries who received the information campaign. We also find large, positive, and significant effects on self-reported savings and remittances 6 months after the study. While we find detectable effects of the award scheme on awareness of mobile money accounts, we observe no change in behavior from running the award scheme on its own.


Objective To compare the effect of acute hypervolemic hemodilution (AHH) and normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) as means of perioperative blood conservation in the patients undergoing hepatic tumor operation. Methods 45 ASA I-II patients with hepatic tumor were randomly divided into three groups, control, AHH and ANH, each group containing 15 cases. After induction of anesthesia, the patients of AHH group were rapidly infused 20 ml/kg fluid intravenously, the patients of ANH group were withdrawn 15ml/kg intravenous blood and simultaneously infused the same volumes of 6% hydroxyethyl starch. BP, HR, ECG, SaO2, urine output, fluid input and blood loss were monitored during operation. Blood samples were collected before and after hemodilution, at end of operation and the first day of postoperation to measure Hb, Hct, Plt, blood biochemical indices, PT and APTT. Results After hypervolemic and normovolemic hemodilution Hct reduced to 30.9±3.3% and 29.6±2.8% from 39.8±3.4% and 40.2±3.5% respectively, and PT and APTT were significantly prolonged in both the AHH and ANH patients (P0.05). However, all patients maintained hemodynamic stable without significant changes in blood biochemical indices. Also there were no significant differences in blood loss among AHH, ANH and control groups. There were 4, 3 and 9 patients in AHH, ANH and control groups required homologous blood transfusion respectively. The total volumes of homologous blood transfusion in control group were significant more than those in both AHH and ANH groups (P0.05). Conclusion Preoperative acute hypervolemic and normovolemic hemodilution as means of perioperative blood conservation has similar effects in decreasing homologous blood transfusion in patients undergoing hepatic tumor operation, however hypervolemic hemodilution is more simple and saving time.


The habitat requirements of the eastern barred bandicoot, Perameles gunnii, in Tasmania were investigated with road-kill survey data and by mapping habitat features along survey routes. Road-kills of eastern barred bandicoots were most numerous in the South-east and North-west, less common in the North-east and Midlands, and very uncommon on the East Coast. Logistic regression of bandicoot presencelabsence data suggested that traffic volume is the major determinant of the road-kill distribution of eastern barred bandicoots around Tasmania. Along with traffic volume, rainfall was found to be strongly associated with the presence of eastern barred bandicoot road-kills for the state combined and for the South-east and Northeast, while along the Huon Highway in the South-east, soil depth was associated with the presence of roadkills. Favoured habitat of the eastem barred bandicoot is high-quality agricultural land with deep soils and high rainfall. It is hypothesised that clearing for agriculture in south-eastem, north-eastem and north-westem Tasmania has opened up previously unsuitable, heavily forested habitat for colonisation by eastern barred bandicoots. The resulting mosaic of pasture and remnant bush appears to provide ideal habitat for the eastern barred bandicoot. However, the majority of bandicoot habitat is found on private land, making the species vulnerable to changes in farming practices. Possible management options are briefly discussed.


Background and Purpose— Cerebral ischemia is associated with inflammation involving accumulation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. T cells have been suggested to contribute to the secondary progression of ischemic brain injury. Dendritic cells (DC) are potent regulators of immunity by activating and tolerizing T cells. DC have previously been detected in rat meninges and choroid plexus. Hypothesizing that DC are involved in inflammation associated with cerebral ischemia, we investigated DC in the brain of Sprague-Dawley rats after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) versus sham operation. Methods— All experimental rats (n=24) had the right MCA permanently occluded by inserting a nylon monofilament through the right external carotid artery. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect DC (OX62+), microglia/macrophages (OX42+) that developed into DC, and activated DC expressing major histocompatibility complex class II (OX6+) in the brain hemispheres at 1 hour to 6 days after pMCAO or sham operation. Results— Levels of DC were elevated at 1 hour in the ischemic versus sham hemispheres (P <0.001) and ischemic versus nonischemic hemispheres (P <0.001). Activated DC expressing major histocompatibility complex class II (OX62+OX6+) were still elevated at 6 days after pMCAO in the ischemic versus nonischemic hemispheres (P <0.01). The area of brain lesion correlated with numbers of OX62+ DC per 100-mm2 brain tissue section (r =0.79;P <0.0001). Conclusions— Increased levels of DC in the brain after pMCAO and correlation between DC numbers and brain lesion area indicate a role for DC in cerebral ischemia. This observation could constitute a basis for further studies on the role of DC in inflammation related to cerebral ischemia.


Sodium sulfide -reduction precipitation process was studied for the recovery of chromium from wastewater produced in electroplating plants.The affecting factors such as pH,dosage,reaction time and stirring rate of chromium recovery were discussed.Results showed that under the optimal conditions as pH value 1.6,dosage of sodium sulfide(60%)for industrial use 4.0g/L of wastewater,reaction time 90min and stirring rate 170r/min,the initial concentrations of C(rⅢ)and C(rⅥ) can be decreased from 533.1mg/L and 530.0mg/L to 42.9mg/L and 0.01mg/L respectively.The content of Cr2O3 in chromium slag was 29.5%,satisfactory to the reuse requirement.For removing residual Cr(Ⅲ)further with heavy metal chelating agent(FZ),orthogonal design was discussed and the optimal removal conditions were obtained.The concentration of total chromium in effluent was 0.94mg/L at the end.


In May 1916, Walter Benjamin, in response to Martin Buber's request for a contribution to the journal Der Jude, wrote that the spirit of Jewish tradition was one of the most important and persistent themes in his thought.' Benjamin had met Buber earlier in 1914 when he had invited him to give a lecture for the 'Freie Studentenschaft' in Berlin, but his relation to him had from the very start been marked by a certain reservation which became even more evident after the outbreak of the war. It must have come as


The paper considers the design of a hydraulic drive of an additional electric generator installed on a car, which should provide stable electrical power to consumers with standard parameters (voltage 220 (380) V, frequency 50 Hz). To solve this problem a hydraulic regulator for a hydraulic drive connected to the motor shaft of the vehicle was proposed, it automatically stabilizes the rotational speed of the hydraulic motor shaft and the generator shaft connected to it. In this case a stable frequency current by the generator is obtained. The authors carried out selection of hydraulic machines for the proposed hydraulic drive with a rated power of generated current of 8 kW as well as a quasistatic analysis of its operation was performed.


The toxicity of paper mill effluent in liver of Heteropneustes fossilis wasstudied. Fishes exposed to 0.5 and 0.8 of 96 hrs LC50 of effluents showed significantalteration in biochemical parameters of liver protein and amino acid contents ofliver. Protein and amino acid contents of liver are maximum in spawning phasesbut the protein and amino acid content of liver are measured to be decreased andincreased respectively in experimental fishes in all the three phases of the breedingcycle. The changes were observed to be statistically very significant (P < 0.05, P <0.001


Disorders of phagocytic function constitute a major area of current clinical interest. Contemporary recognition of the importance of these disorders derives largely from the observations of Holmes and co-workers, who, in 1966, recognized a primary defect of bactericidal activity in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) from subjects with chronic granulomatous disease (CGO). Not only did this foster tremendous interest in the mechanisms of CGO, but it also suggested that if patients with defective bactericidal activity of their PMNs suffered from recurrent bacterial infections, then patients with other functional PMN defects, such as movement or ingestion, might be similarly afflicted. Confirmation of this rationale has been repeatedly demonstrated over the past decade. It is important to note, however, that the real seeds of this field were sown before the turn of the century by Elie Metchnikoff. Once he established that "the essential and primary element in typical inflammation consists in a reaction of the phagocytes against a harmful agent," it followed that deficiencies of the inflammatory response might lead to clinically significant impairments of host defenses. The purpose of this brief commentary is to summarize current concepts of clinical disorders of PMN function. The discussion is divided into 3 areas of PMN function: movement, phagocytosis, and bactericidal activity. For a more in-depth review, a list of relevant basic articles is provided.


ABSTRACT Coal–derived middle distillate, boiling range 437 to 623°K, was hydrotreated in a fixed bed reactor with a commercial NiO–Mo03/ Al2O3 catalyst. The feedstock contained predominantly highly–substituted aromatics. The product heteroatom content and aromaticity decreased with increased process temperature or pressure. Aromaticity was proportional to liquid space velocity. Heteroatonms could be effectively reduced at hydroprocessing conditions of 653°K, 10 MPa, and 2 WHSV. Experimentally–derived cetane number was found to be proportional to product aromaticity. Severe hydroprocessing conditions were required to produce diesel fuel of acceptable cetane number.


As announced in the last Contemporary Caucasus Newsletter, the Berkeley Caucasus/Caspian littoral initiative has been institutionalized through the establishment of the Caucasus and Central Asia Studies Program (CCAsP) under the auspices of the Institute of Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies (ISEEES). I am happy to report that for the next four years, CCAsP has secured funding from the National Security Education Program, as well as from the Ford Foundation through the Institute of International Studies. The NSEP grant will include funds for workshops/conferences, visiting scholars, a visiting speaker series, graduate fellowships, language training, and administrative support.


The motion of a single vortex originates chaos in the quantum fluid defined in Bohm's interpretation of quantum mechanics. Here we analize this situation in a very simple case: one single vortex in a rectangular billiard.


Tactile feedback delivered across a limb's surface may enhance human motor learning for applications such as physical therapy and stroke rehabilitation. We have developed a new modular tactile motion guidance system that seeks to overcome some of the actuation and sensing limits encountered with previous approaches. Each octagonal module is composed of two connected circuit boards; the top board contains a microcontroller and a colored LED, while the bottom board contains four cable connection ports and functional elements that differ among module types. Modules attach to the user's skin through disposable skin-safe adhesive patches. In addition to the main system architecture and its graphical user interface, this demonstration will showcase (1) a vibrotactile actuator module that employs a new approach to creating vibrotactile stimuli and (2) an inertial sensing module that can be used along with a Kinect to improve the system's estimate of the user's pose.


Female Genital Mutilation/Cut (FGM/C) has been a common practice in both developed and in developing countries like Kenya. Kajiado County in Kenya is one of the areas where the practice is highly practiced with girls of below 13 years undergoing through the 'cut'. This practice is however, a criminal offence as outlined in Female Genital Mutilation Act of 2011, though it continues to thrive in various parts of the country such as in Narok, Migori, Kisii, and to a larger extent Kajiado County. This paper is an outcome of a study that was conducted in Kajiado Central Sub-County in Kenya and examined the challenges facing effective implementation of FGM Act of 2011. The focus on Kajiado Central Sub-County was based on the fact that the county as a whole is largely inhabited by the Maasai community whose FGM/C practice according to the Kenya Demographic and Health Surveys (KDHS) stands at 93 percent. The research on which this paper was drawn adopted a cross sectional research design that employed various methods of data collection. Data was collected by use of research instruments such as semi-structured interview schedule and interview guide for Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with traditional circumcisers, manyatta elders, traditional religious leaders, public health officers, public administrative officers and sampled men and women with at least five children in the study area. The study found that despite the practice of FGM/C being criminalized with hefty penalties in Kenya, the practice is still widespread in Kajiado County. The findings of the study revealed that the implementation of FGM Act 2011 in Kajiado County has been constrained by a number of factors such as deeply ingrained culture and traditional practices, ignorance of the legislation and the consequences of FGM/C, ingrained traditional religious beliefs and superstition, reluctance by law enforcement officers in implementing the Act, as well as high poverty levels in the Sub-County. Based on the findings of the study, this paper recommends that efforts to eliminate FGM/C should not only be backed up by strictly enforcing legislative provisions by the county and national governments, but also incorporating both old women and men who are the custodians of culture. At the same time, the stakeholders should initiate advocacy and education programmes to help change the culture holders' mind sets, for instance, through the local mass media. Additionally, there is need to initiate alternative sources of income for traditional circumcisers who depend on the practice as a source of livelihood. Finally, school curriculum at all levels of education should incorporate themes such as female genital mutilation/cut and its effects on the life of a girl child and women.


The electron microscope has higher resolving power than a light microscope and can reveal the structure of smaller objects. This paper describes the development of the lens of an electron microscope with high-temperature superconducting (HTS) solenoid. The lens consists of double Bi-2223 HTS pancake coils and a ferromagnetic container. The cryogen-free HTS coils are refrigerated by a cryocooler and operated at the temperature of 43 K. The diameter of the warm bore is 10 mm, and the peak central magnetic field is about 2 T.


associated with the has also altered. The iconography of rows of small terraced houses and cobbled streets characteristic of 1960s realism has given way to run-down housing estates with boarded-up windows (precisely the sort of estates just built in such as Night and Morning (1960). Factories become and of are (especially rather


Bioelectricity generation and wastewater treatment are inspected in a dual-chamber microbial fuel cell,which is constructed using carbon felt as an anode and graphite plate as a cathode,with glucose as anolyte and Cr(Ⅵ)-containing wastewater as catholyte.The effects of anodic (substrate concentration) and cathodic conditions [pH and initial Cr(Ⅵ) concentration] on the Cr(Ⅵ) removal and power generation are investigated.The results show that increasing initial concentration of Cr(Ⅵ) and decreasing pH of wastewater can enhance power density.The maximal power density (108 mW/m2) and removal efficiency of Cr(Ⅵ)(92.8%) can be obtained at the initial Cr(Ⅵ) concentration of 177 mg/L when pH=2 in 10 hours.Furthermore,substrate concentration of anolyte also affects the performance of the MFC.Moreover,in the MFC the polarization of the cathode is low,which indicates that the MFC has a stable performance.MFC is proved to have potential application for Cr(Ⅵ)-containing wastewater treatment in association with electricity generation.


An extended object in target tracking refers to the object which produces a time-varying number of noisy detections (measurements) from its scattering or feature points. The optimal sequential Bayesian state estimator for an appearing/disappearing extended object in the presence of false and missed detections is known as the Bernoulli Filter Ext (BF-X) [1]. Bayesian estimation methods rely on probabilistic models. When probabilistic models are known only partially or imprecisely, quantitative modeling of uncertainty can be carried out using possibility functions. This paper formulates the analog of the BF-X in the framework of possibility theory, where uncertainty is represented using possibility functions, rather than probability distributions. Possibility functions have the capacity to model with integrity the partial or imprecise probabilistic specifications and thus the proposed possibilistic BF-X is characterised by an enhanced robustness in the absence of precise measurement or dynamic models.


A retrospective study of 146 cases of peptic ulcer perforation was performed at Sakonnakhon Hospital in 48-month period (January 1, 1992 - December 31, 1995) by reviewing medical records of 120 male and 26 female patients, and using questionaires. It was found that the surgeons used simple closure +omental patch on 137 patients, pyloroplasty on 7 patients and vagotomy +pyloroplasty on 2 patients. After the operation 16 patients died in hospital, 104 patients could be followed up and most of them still have abdominal discomfort.


Three Gorges Area has advantaged conditions and latent capacity of developing eco-tourism. Resorting to scientific and reasonable layout, taking the strategy of area alliance, focal development, famous brand, outstanding feature, internationalization etc, and adopting positive eco-tourism development and countermeasures of environmental conservation accordingly, have important strategic significance to sustainable development of eco-tourism and to harmonious development of economy, society and environment in this area.


Objective:To establish a method for determination of ferulic acid (FA) and tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) in serum sample with boiling water-bath. Method: On C 18ODS column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm), use methanol-water(containing 1% acetic acid)=7∶18 as the mobile phase and make UV detection at 280 nm. Results:The method of FA was liner within the ranger of 30.2~ 70.8 μg·mL -1, Y=413.12X+57.51, r=0.997 4; the method of TMP was liner within the ranger of 10.1~50.7 μg·mL -1,Y= 308.64X+41.32, r=0.992 2。 Conclusion:Compared with traditional extraction, this method is simple, rapid and sensitive, with the advantage of not carrying in any impurities.


The anterior hippocampus (aHPC) has been implicated in processing approach-avoidance (AA) conflict. Previous paradigms have utilized stimuli that comprise of spatial or context features and elicit both conflict and uncertainty. Therefore, it is unclear whether the aHPC is recruited when decontextualized objects are used and to which specific type of information the hippocampus is sensitive. To address these questions, the current study used a novel paradigm to directly compare the effects of conflict and uncertainty on AA behaviour while participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants' behavioral responding was driven by conflict as opposed to uncertainty and high AA conflict was associated with perirhinal cortex but not aHPC activity, which is consistent with the notion of stimulus specificity within the medial temporal lobe. Importantly, there was no interaction between conflict and uncertainty suggesting that medial temporal lobe involvement during AA decision-making is driven by conflict rather than uncertainty.


We propose a new channel model for the write channel in Magnetic Recording with Bit-Patterned Media. We study information theoretic propoerties of this channel and suggest a simplistic rate-1/2 coding scheme that achieves zero error. Based on this channel model, we propose a channel with insertion and deletion errors.


The article deals with the issues of life, life in the Hikmet of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi. One of the directions, which is a kind of hill inside Islam, filled not only with consciousness and faith, but also with mystery and miracle, is Sufism. No matter how many reflections and research papers have been written about life in Sufi knowledge, it is filled with subtleties that require study in linguistic, literary, philosophical, psychological, pedagogical terms. Even with established views, you can meet conflicting opinions and critical points of view. Divani Hikmet focuses on four things. These are: sharia, tarikhat, hakihat, magrifat. "Sharia" is a collection of laws and customs of Islam, "tarikhat" is the idea of Sufism, the path to Sufi interests, "hakihat" is unification with God, "magrifat" is knowledge and study of the path of religion. According to Ahmet Yasawi, "without Sharia", "without history", "without Magrif" there can be no "hakikat" [1.162]. It is normal for Muslims to understand that in this life we are guests, that we are all temporary people. When the person who opened the doors of the world left this life in o, with the same preparation as when visiting, he expected the same preparation from the Pende in the world, that is, it is better to go with spiritual preparation. Spiritual preparation is the enrichment of the inner soul of a person.


Glioma is recognized to be a highly heterogeneous CNS malignancy, whose diverse cellular composition and cellular interactions have not been well characterized. To gain new clinical- and biological-insights into the genetically-bifurcated IDH1 mutant (mt) vs wildtype (wt) forms of glioma, we integrated multiplexed immunofluorescence single cell data for 43 protein markers across cancer hallmarks, in addition to cell spatial metrics, genomic sequencing and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) quantitative features. Molecular and spatial heterogeneity scores for angiogenesis and cell invasion differ between IDHmt and wt gliomas irrespective of prior treatment and tumor grade; these differences also persisted in the MR imaging features of peritumoral edema and contrast enhancement volumes. Longer overall survival for IDH1mt glioma patients may reflect generalized altered cellular, molecular, spatial heterogeneity which manifest in discernable radiological manifestations.


Abstract In this paper, a class of minimization problems over density matrices arising in the quantum state estimation is investigated. By making use of the Nesterov's accelerated strategies, we introduce a modified augmented Lagrangian method to solve it, where the subproblem is tackled by the projected Barzilai–Borwein method with nonmonotone line search. Compared with the existing projected gradient method, several numerical examples are tested to show that the proposed method is efficient and promising.


of Ghent (1213?-1293). There is no doubt of the affinity between the author and this medieval theologian, known as Doctor Solemnis. The style of this book and its vocabulary are solemn and at times, pompous. Divisions and classifications of psychiatry make us all uneasy. Our attempts from the very beginning, follow an elliptic path: from "one unique psychosis" to Kraepelin's Baroque system and then again towards dissolution, contempt and rejection of diagnosis, back to DSM-III. If these changes really follow a cycle, there must be a "mathematical centre" which at the same time defines unity and lawfulness as well as aberrations. The author defines this center as "Endon." It is the source and "a region anterior to the separation into soma and psyche ...In it we see the source of the modifications..." (p.21O) in our lives. All other assumptions (the "hiatus" which already Jaspers (1913) has described between understandable and explainable phenomena, the need for precise definition of a condition, insistence on "essential" differences not only between schizophrenia and manic depressive illness but those within each realm) leads the author to the conclusion that Melancholia presents a special "autonomous" condition. This has been seen in psychiatry before, but is presented as something new. The orderliness of this book and the rigor of its presentation show that the book is not only a description of a condition but is 'recapturing.' It could be said that it solidified into a monument of Melancholia itself; very much like Durrer's etching on the first page of the book. The author wants us, through contemplation, to disclose the essence. He discourages us from theoretical constructs and from philosophers who have contributed to psychiatry (see p. 130). He offers us a scheme of a "situational psychology" (p. 131 ff), which should be "of unmistakable heuristic value" (p. 133). The same uneasiness is manifested again towards so called "understanding (verstehende) psychology" (p. 135; 140), because it does not disclose the causes. Our author does not make a definite statement that his method does find them, he only makes us feel that his will take us further. Though the author mentions the "hiatus", there is great praise for E. Kretschmer and his "developmental psychopathology." He assumes that there are examples where "indebtedness" can develop into a delusion of guilt through a "deformation" (p. lSI). Are we able to show it as a sequence of steps? And would it be that this is the ultimate limit to how far we may go? Everything else is beyond ...And here the physician parts ways from the philosopher. In the center of the "symptomatology" of "the melancholic structure" stands the orderliness. It manifests itself in the work (p. 72; 118-119) leading to decreased "output" (p. 76) and eventually to guilt (p. 93), and in interpersonal relations, to a loss of closeness. All three lines eventually lead to difficulties in the domain of conscience (p. 122). The preservation of this order, which seems to be the primary necessity of the melancholic to survive, is under constant "threat" which manifests itself through illness, chance and changes in life situation, that lead to disorder (pp. 98; 108; 120; 131). Under all these circumstances there are changes shaping the melancholic type and, later on, the melancholia itself. The author describes stages starting with the "premelancholic" state, then entering into the "non-psychotic" and later "psychotic Typus melancholicus" and finally, melancholia! He assumes that in the course of "this development, the precise moment when melancholy started may be determined, in retrospect" (p. 156). Could that "precise moment" not be just a random crossing of the trajectories Dr. Tellenbach sees as leading to melancholia? And even if an ultimate degree of this "precision" can be attained only "retrospectively" -what are the consequences of this finding? This sounds at variance with the point expressed by V.E. von Gebsattel (1883-1976) in his "Foreword" (p. xiv): "This is a moment which can't be understood, being neither biographically nor genetically derivative, thus a moment whose mystery is to be acknowledged." Dr. E. Eng must have a special attraction for difficult German texts, to make him courageously embark on translating this complicated book. With the author, he has a common penchant for unusual words (e.g. "inflection" instead of "change" for Abwandlung!). Futhermore, he fought energetically with the complicated philosophic vocabulary which does not have an established counterpart in English, seemingly without leaning on the translators of Heidegger who have already attempted to create a new one. An example: the very word "Dasein" becomes an enigma in passing from the everyday talk into the philosophic discourse and Heidegger's highly formalized use of it can hardly be transplanted in the daily practice, even of German psychiatrists, not to say of ours. This makes the reading of the English translation rather difficult. It was clever to make the bibliography, an index of authors and attach pages where "simultaneously" name and publication appear. There is however a hitch; the page numbers are from the original and they do not correspond to the English edition (the key is 10 G-pages equals II Epages !). There are other editorial weaknesses; the most irritating being the indiscrimate use of inverted commas out of step with the original. In the end, we should be thankful that Professor Tellenbach and Dr. Eng have brought new sounds to our rather stale terminology and a mood to decipher them; consequently they attempted a re-writing of psychiatry. After reading this book the question remains: has the ponderousness of it just been the Icon of melancholy (in all its gravity), leaving it as distant and unapproachable as ever!?


As a social phenomenon,religions have become an important part of the social life,and they have been affecting our social life. But why do religions have such a tremendous magic "power"?This article attempts to approach the continuity of the religions from one angle so as to probe the development of the phenomenon of the religions. [


The static elastic contact problem is approached using Lagrange multipliers, leading to a mixed finite element problem. A non-linear friction law is introduced explicitly and the non-local character of the friction phenomena is implicitly assumed. In order to avoid stress oscillations near singular points, a perturbed Lagrangian functional is considered. The algorithms herein proposed do not impose nodal dependencies over the contact surfaces, allowing for the independent discretization of both bodies. The method is able to model simultaneous contact over different regions of any geometrical shape. Computer code, examples and results presented here are restricted to axisymmetrical and bidimensional cases.


Dual layers of Pt and Fe, deposited sequentially onto highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), were annealed under ultrahigh vacuum, from room temperature to 560 °C. The formation of FePt alloy NPs, through interdiffusion, was studied by in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ex situ atomic force (AFM), and high-resolution transmission electron (TEM) microscopies. With increasing annealing temperature, the Pt 4f7/2 binding energy shifts positively, and the positions of the Pt 5d-6s valence band centers move away from the Fermi level and broaden. Between 300 and 400 °C, Fe and Pt atoms diffuse significantly. Simultaneously, a surface chemical reaction occurs between metal oxide and adventitious carbon on the NP surface, resulting in the disappearance of the O 1s spectrum and the formation of an amorphous hydrocarbon shell. At elevated temperatures, the shell is continually lost, through fragmentation, and replaced by a new hydrocarbon from the vacuum background, assuring that the NPs do not coal...


This paper examines policy and pragmatic issues associated with introducing centrally‐directed national curricula, both in Norway and in England and Wales. Norway has had a national curriculum plan (M⊘nsterplan) for its compulsory comprehensive schools since 1974. Its initiation and subsequent attempts to revise the plan in the 1980s are considered in the light of changes of national governments and by the trend towards local decision‐making in education. The paper postulates that recent attempts in England and Wales to centralize the curriculum, through the Education Reform Bill, raise similar issues to those already experienced in Norway. The policy implications created by Norway moving from a centralized to a decentralized system of decision‐making, whilst England and Wales adopt a more dirigiste stance than previously over their curriculum, are discussed. The growth of professional awareness in the teaching force of both countries is shown to be a constraining influence on attempts to impose national ...


We consider comparator networks M which are used repeatedly: while the output produced by M is not sorted, it is fed again into M. Sorting algorithms working in this way are called periodic. The number of parallel steps performed during a single run of M is called its period, the sorting time of M is the total number of parallel steps that are necessary to sort in the worst case. Periodic sorting networks have the advantage that they need little hardware (control logic, wiring, area) and that they are adaptive. We are interested in using comparator networks with constant period, since they are very easy to implement by VLSI circuits. This paper presents the following new results. We introduce a general method called the periodii-cation scheme that converts automatically an arbitrary sorting network that sorts n items in time T(n) and that has layout area A into a sorting network that has period 5, sorts (nT(n)) items in time O(T(n)logn), and has layout area O(A T(n)). In particular, applying this scheme to Batcher's algorithms, we get prac-partially supported by Volkswagen Stiftung, joint research project \Paralleles Rechnen: Theoretische und experimentelle Untersuchungen zu parallelen Rechnenmodellen und systemna-tical period 5 comparator networks that sort in time O(log 3 n). For theoretical interest, one may use the AKS network resulting in a period 5 comparator network with runtime O(log 2 n). Developing the techniques necessary to show the main result, we construct a network with period 3 that sorts n items in time O(p n log n), and that has the layout of a two-dimensional mesh.


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HYPOXIA TOLERANCE

While the mammalian brain is considered to be highly sensitive to low oxygen (hypoxia), not all animals at all life stages are equally vulnerable to hypoxic stress. In fact, some mammals are highly adapted to low oxygen conditions. Diving marine mammals and


In this study, we reported the clinical and genetic characteristics of 10 Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-triggered late-onset primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) patients. As HLH is a rare and devastating dis-order characterized by uncontrolled immune activation resulting from the impaired function of natural killer and cytotoxic T cells. 1 And HLH can be further classi-fied as either primary or secondary based on the predis-posing genetic deficiency. 2–4 Although primary HLH usually arises in infants and children, the late-onset primary HLH is increasingly reported in the literature. 5 It has been suggested that synergetic effects of the atypical heterozygous HLH-associated mutations and environmental trig-gers, including EBV infection, were associated with the pathogenesis of late-onset primary HLH. 6 However, the role of EBV-infected cell subpopulation in primary HLH is unknown. Therefore, we retrospectively investigated 10 patients EBV-triggered primary HLH (occur-ring June 2013 June 2018 our


Plant latex is well-established as a defensive exudate against natural herbivory. However, its bioactive properties and potential use as a clinical adjunct are not fully explored in the current literature. In this study, latex was procured from Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (jackfruit) and subsequently evaluated for its antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Aqueous extract (AE) and trifluoroethanol extract (TFE) of jackfruit latex were prepared using distilled water and trifluoroethanol. Both extracts were then characterized via thin-layer chromatography (TLC), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Antimicrobial activity and antioxidant activity were determined for the extracts. Antibacterial activity was exhibited by TFE against P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and Bacillus sp. The antioxidant activity of AE was significantly higher than TFE.


'Although reporting of infectious hepatitis was not mandatory prior to 1952, it was the collective opinion of our medical profession that more cases had been cared for during the epidemic period than during the previous 20 years. The first six cases, reported in September, 1952, occurred in a single family. With the reporting of an increasing number of cases during the remainder of the year, the City-County Health Department held a conference with the child health committee of the County Medical Society to determine policy for practicing physicians and school authorities. It was decided to exclude a child of school age with infectious hepatitis for a minimum of four weeks after onset of illness, and to


Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of EGF supplementation to maturation medium on the fertilization and developmental potential of bovine oocytes after in vitro fertilization, and to see whether the addition of wortmannin from 6 h after the onset of maturation culture would modulate the action of EGF. The effects of EGF were compared to those of gonadotropins + serum treatment. The presence of EGF in maturation medium significantly increased the number of normally fertilized oocytes. No difference in the proportion of normally fertilized oocytes was observed between EGF and gonadotropins + serum treatments. Wortmannin completely abolished the stimulatory effects of both treatments on fertilization, and effectively increased the number of unfertilized oocytes. The rate of cleavage, and the proportions of embryos reaching the blastocyst and hatched blastocyst stages after in vitro fertilization were also significantly improved with the addition of EGF to maturation medium. The presence of gonadotropins + serum during in vitro maturation resulted in rates of development statistically similar to that obtained with EGF alone. Wortmannin effectively abolished the stimulatory effects of either treatment on cleavage and embryonic development. These data suggest some physiological role for EGF on cytoplasmic maturation, and indicate the importance of PI 3-kinase activity in the process of cytoplasmic maturation.


2014 The 03B2 spectra of the 1~ 2+ transitions leading to the first excited states of 186Os and 188Os have been measured by using a magnetic 03B2-spectrometer and 03B2-03B3 coincidences. For the first transition we observe a deviation from the statistical shape which is in agreement with the measurement of Porter et al. A similar deviation has been observed for the other transition. LE JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE TOME 29, MAI-JUIN 1968,


The structural analysis focuses on the changes occurring in the behavior of a physical structure under observation when provided with a force or in case of structures, load. Now if this load is quasi (very slow), the inertia forces from the basis of Newton's first law of motion can be neglected and the analysis becomes static. Stress analysis of manipulator is the application of various loads to various links within sustainable limits and checking stresses occurred in the links. The stress analysis is done by ANSYS workbench. Stress variation study gives results of maximum stress value that a particular material can bear for a given manipulator at different positions.


Fluorescent imaging with fluorophores has become a powerful way to explore complex biological systems and visualize nanoparticles for drug delivery. However, it is challenging to develop fluorophores with ideal physical and optical properties. We report a method to synthesize cyanine nanodots with single-molecule structure, well-defined particle size, customizable fluorescent spectrum, bright and stable fluorescence. These cyanine nanodots are acquired by the divergent synthesis of cyanine dyes-cored polylysine (PLL) dendrimers. We demonstrated the feasibility of the method by synthesizing cyanine 3 (Cy3), cyanine 5 (Cy5), or cyanine 7 (Cy7) cored single-molecule nanodots up to eight generations with a size around 11 nm. We show these cyanine nanodots are capable of multiple biomedical applications, including multicolor cellular tracing and cancer imaging. These cyanine nanodots possess many merits of organic dots and quantum dots that are promising for future application.


An experimental investigation of the onset of convection in shallow fluid layers heated uniformly from below and cooled from above by an air layer has been made. If the depth of the silicone layer is smaller than 2 mm the onset of convection takes place in two stages. There is first a weak pattern, which is characterized by its appearance at ever smaller temperature gradients as the depth of the fluid is decreased. When the temperature difference across the fluid is increased a second strong pattern forms near the predicted critical Marangoni number. The cells in this pattern are hexagonal and seem to be what one has always referred to as Bénard cells. The temperature gradient at which this pattern appears increases with decreased depth. The heat transfer through the fluid has been measured. The critical temperature gradient for the formation of the hexagonal pattern has been determined from the break of the heat transfer curve.


The unit where the hospital clothes are processed is a very important support sector within the health facilities. The diverse activities in this sector involve physical, chemical, biological and ergonomic risks for the workers. This clothing processing unit is subject to sanitary control by
the National Health Surveillance System (SNVS), as defined in Law n. 9,782, dated January 26, 1999, in view of the impacts it may cause to the health of users and workers, and to the environment. The present study aimed to evaluate the work process of a Hospital Router, a tertiary level
hospital of the Unified Health System (SUS), to identify the risks and the causal link with the disease. In this study, a Quantitative Descriptive Field Survey was used as a method, with direct observation, which aims to prove a hypothesis, the Ergonomic Work Analysis (AET) was used as a resource to understand the work process, through audio resources In addition to the questionnaire and conversation, with the actors involved, we also used fermentations such as the RULA method, used to evaluate the activities, and the CORLETT Diagram to map the painful regions of the workers. The study was carried out in the Clean and Dirty Areas where the clothes are processed, with the voluntary participation of forty-one workers, who subsidized the understanding of the work and the identification of the risks. The inadequate and unhealthy environment where the activities are being carried out, the lack of control measures by the contracting company and the contracting hospital, places the worker in a precarious situation, potentializing the identified risks, besides compromising the quality of the service, placing also at risk the physical integrity of patients users.


The question of prohibiting the use of napalm and other incendiary weapons was first raised in the Third Committee of the General Assembly at its twenty-fourth session in the course of a discussion on respect for human rights in armed conflicts. The debate revealed a widespread belief that incendiary weapons, and napalm in particular, should be specifically banned as weapons causing unnecessary suffering and having indiscriminate effects. Many States also held that the use of such weapons was already prohibited under general rules of international law.


Outlines certain current aspects of European law relating to the environment. Includes discussion of material building works, other infrastructure projects and disposal of waste. Suggests possible consequences for property developers, lenders of finance and property investors.


Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is an emerging technology, which enables new innovative trends and equipments to resolve the issues of current and future world. The WSN is a combination of tiny sensor nodes equipped with a minimal battery power, mini processor and a RAM. The battery is non-rechargeable in nature and thus the need for energy efficiency becomes a vital task for WSN. This paper deals with improving the energy efficiency through Energy Proficient AODV protocol (EP-AODV). The proposed work utilizes minimal energy, power amplification and efficient routing technique to improve lifetime of the network. Comparison of EP-AODV with other existing schemes, EP-AODV achieves better throughput, energy efficient, First-Nod-Dies ratio and so on. Thus, the proposed EP-AODV protocol achieves better energy efficient protocol for WSN.


Paul Bennett Marrow, of Chappaqua, N.Y., describes why analyzing arbitration clauses with an unconscionability standard doesn't provide useful precedent, and why courts should look to public policy in reviewing contract terms.


Up to the penultimate decade of the 20 Century i.e., before the liberalization of Indian economy began, the view of the Government as well as of the common entrepreneur was heavily tilted towards the Agriculture Sector and the manufacturing sector was widely believed that these two sectors held the key to India's development. The Services Sector was not even considered an industry and it was kept outside the focus of every planning activity, so much so that it was primarily state-owned. During and after the Nehru-Indira era economy the guiding philosophy was providing efficient and low-cost service to the masses without the motive of profitability, was not be possible in free economy. It was considered too risky to leave vital Services Sectors like Transport, Railways, Telecommunication, Postal Services, Aviation, etc., to private entrepreneurs.


Effective communication is of paramount importance in the aviation industry during the dialogic exchanges between partners, as miscommunication can lead to severe consequences for both safety and efficiency. As English has become the global language for aviation communication, aviation English courses have gained a significant prominence in recent years. This article explores the potential of serious games and introduces sample games designed to achieve specific learning outcomes, as a valuable tool for enhancing language learning and proficiency in aviation English courses. The paper aims to provide educators and course designers with valuable insights and guidance on how to effectively integrate serious games into their curriculum, ultimately contributing to enhanced communication skills and improved overall performance in the aviation industry


A new family of guanidinium-rich molecular transporters featuring a novel oligocarbonate backbone with 1,7-side chain spacing is described. Conjugates can be rapidly assembled irrespective of length in a one-step oligomerization strategy that can proceed with concomitant introduction of probes (or by analogy drugs). The new transporters exhibit excellent cellular entry as determined by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy, and the functionality of their drug delivery capabilities was confirmed by the delivery of the bioluminescent small molecule probe luciferin and turnover by its intracellular target enzyme.


The chin supporter described by W. J. Pryor in the April (1954) issue of Anresthesia (p. 120) prompts me to forward a possibly simpler means of supporting the jaw. It may be used on those few occasions when it may be found difficult to procure a close fit between the patient and the facepiece. I have found this simple device quite effective. It is made of a light plastic material and as will be seen fits snugly into SIR,


Using mtary transformers, oontactless power is supplied to the drive mechanism of a LayerSelwhn-Qpe Recordable Multi-Layer Optical Disk. The prntntypc! tmmmits ~uE6cic!nt, P~&C pmer tn a mt~tjng disk. 1. Men


Mathematical literacy is very important. This is because mathematical literacy emphasizes the ability of students to analyze, argue about ideas effectively in solving mathematical problems they encounter (OECD, 2009, p.19). Judging from various things, the ministry of education and culture has actually anticipated it by making several curriculum changes. However, in the period 2000 until now there have been three types of curriculum that have been implemented, namely the 2004 curriculum, 2006 curriculum and 2013 curriculum. And by mastering students' mathematical literacy, individuals will be able to reflect on mathematical logic to play a role in their lives, communities, and society. Mathematical literacy makes individuals able to make decisions based on a constructive mathematical mindset. Realistic mathematics learning presents a contextual problem that can be related to local excellence-based educational games. The main goal is that students have high mathematical communication skills towards mathematics. Selin, the introduction of local excellence in educational games to students through learning that can be used as a way to grow the character of students to the local culture of the nation of Indonesia. Advances in technology and information that are not balanced with strong filters will affect the lifestyle of a foreign country. In this development using procedural development model. The development model in this study led to the development model of Sugiyono (2015). However, in this study not all steps are applied, this is because the research conducted is still on a limited scale with no cover into the wider research. Therefore it stages of development begins by doing 1. Planning with identification of potential problems, 2. Create a new design, 3. Validate the design, 4. Design revision, 5. Validate the design and the last 6. Product trials.


PURPOSE: To provide an improved method for enzymatically converting a protein by immobilizing dipeptidylaminopeptidase from Dictyostelium discoideum, bringing a precursor peptide into contact with the immobilized dipeptidylaminopeptidase to enzymatically cut the protein having N-terminal extension of even number of amino acids. CONSTITUTION: This method for removing an amino terminal dipeptide from a precursor peptide to provide a cut polypeptide comprises immobilizing dipeptidylaminopeptidase(dDAP) from Dictyostelium discoideum AX-3 (ATCC 28368) on the surface of a suitable carrier (e.g. Q Sepharose Fast Flow resin), bringing the precursor peptide (e.g. human proinsulin) into contact with the immobilized dDAP under the condition under which the dDAP sufficiently functions, to remove the amino terminal dipeptide from the precursor polypeptide, and further gathering cut polypeptide (e.g. human insulin). COPYRIGHT: (C)1995,JPO


We want to preprocess a simple n-vertex polygon P to quickly determine the shortest path p from a fixed source point s ∈ P to view a set Q ⊆ P of query points (i.e., such that each point q ∈ Q is visible from some point on the path p). We call such queries shortest inspection-path queries. For |Q| ≤ 2 we describe data structures that answer such queries in logarithmic time. The structures have linear (for |Q| = 1) respectively quadratic (for |Q| = 2) size and preprocessing time. For |Q| = 2 we also present a data structure with linear preprocessing time and space which achieves for any > 0 a query time of O( 1 2 logn) at the expense of providing only a (1 + )-approximate answer.


Abstract The previous report in the literature concerning the reduction of silyl esters of carboxylic acids used lithium aluminum hydride as the reducing agent and dealt with the reactivity and stereochemistry of the silicon atom with no mention of the fate of the carbonyl portion of the molecules.3 We felt that the reduction of trimethylsilyl esters could possibly lead to aldehydes or chemoselective reactivity and as such deserved further investigation. We wish to report here on the reaction of representative trimethylsilyl esters with sodium borohydride, lithium aluminum hydride (LAH), diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAH) and borane in THF (BH3: THF). The results are shown in Table I.


Occupational health diseases have become severe in the present scenario of the world, it is due to several reasons, one of the major reasons is the active industrialization of the world. In the last century various industries are growing each and every day in various fields in multiple countries. The workers of the industries are affected the worst as they have prolonged working hours, bad working conditions and less reach to health care facilities. In our study, we assessed the oral health of the workers along with association of factors affecting the oral health. The main factor studied was the consumption of tobacco affecting the oral health. According to WHO, the tobacco epidemic is one of the biggest public health threats the world has ever faced, killing more than 8 million people a year around the world. More than 7 million of those deaths are the result of direct tobacco use while around million are the result of non-smokers being exposed to second-hand smoke. Another factor studied was alcohol ABSTRACT


As the great pillar of national economy, China petrochemical industry has played a significant role in energy exploitation and stuff manufacturing. Recently, with the FDI inflow and resource distribution all over the world, China petrochemical industry has been witnessing great opportunities and challenges. In order to enhance FDI quality in China petrochemical industry, this paper applies AHP method to analyze the essential factors influencing FDI quality in China petrochemical industry, mainly with respect to the level of FDI absorption and resulting of FDI utilization. Based on the current situation of foreign direct investment and petrochemical industry, some innovative strategies have been presented to improve FDI quality in China petrochemical industry.


This paper investigates risk management practices of Islamic and conventional banks currently operating in the city of Lahore, Pakistan. Self-administered questionnaire is used to collect data from 150 bank senior managers and risk specialists with equal representation of the two banking categories. The study results reveal that risk identification, risk assessment and analysis, credit risk analysis and risk governance are the most efficient and influential variables in explaining the risk management practices of Islamic banks. Whilst understanding risk management, credit risk analysis, and risk governance are the most significant and contributing variables in the risk management practices of conventional banks. The study findings also show that Islamic banks have more areas of weaknesses in their risk management practices than conventional banks. The results presented in this study are likely to benefit bank managers, investors, regulators, and policymakers in guiding them when developing, reformulating and overseeing the bank(s) existing risk management practices.


An overview of practices, lessons learned and challenges associated with the utilization of Full Motion Video (FMV) data in NATO operations is presented in this paper. FMV has become one of the most requested sensor data types in recent operations. The response to these rapidly evolving conditions includes both technical and operational solutions. Current efforts to establish an Alliance Ground Surveillance (AGS) capability within NATO opens new dimensions for disseminating video information in multinational environment.


The purpose of this study was to examine the effect on the Life satisfction between group of participation and gender and among the group of Age and Health condition to a Leisure program participation the Old. To attain this purpose, 80 old mans belong to member of college and house for the old in city of K Kyung Gi Do, divided into two groups, participant and nonparticipant group in leisure program as abject, and carried out the leisure program three times a week for five weeks. we have concluded of the study as follow; 1. Life satisfaction according to participation and nonparticipation were significantly different. Life satisfaction to participant group in the leisure program had the highly improved. 2. Life satisfaction according to gender were significantly different, Old women have the higher contentment of life then Old man and the improvement of life satisfaction between before participation and after participation to leisure program had the highly improved. 3. Life satisfaction according to age were not significantly different but participant group to leisure program were significantly different. The more decreasing age tended to the higher contentment of life. 4. Life satisfaction according to Health condition were significantly different. especially, participant group to leisure program was better health condition tended to the higher contentment of life. The improvement of life satisfaction between before participation and after participation to leisure program had the highly improved.


A study conducted with 15 teachers and their classes in two Western Australian high schools indicated that laboratory activities are perceived by a majority of teachers and students as an effective means of learning science. However, laboratory activities were not presented on a regular basis in most classes and appeared to have low status compared to activities that emphasized science content. The laboratory activities were of a cookbook type with most emphasis being directed to data collecting. Few opportunities were provided for students to plan investigations or to interpret data. The amount of time scheduled for laboratory activities was dependent on the topic being taught, the ability level of the students, the presence of disruptive students, the use of non‐science classrooms, large class sizes, and a perception of insufficient time because of the amount of content to be covered. Several of the problems observed in laboratory activities were attributable to a management style which enabled students...


The nuclear industry, and the business world in general, is facing a rapidly increasing amount of data to be dealt with on a daily basis. In the last two decades, the steady improvement of data storage devices and means to create and collect data along the way influenced the manner in which we deal with information. Most data is still stored without filtering and refinement for later use. Many functions at a nuclear power plant generate vast amounts of data, with scheduled and unscheduled outages being a prime example of a source of some of the most complex data sets at the plant. To make matters worse, modern information and communications technology is making it possible to collect and store data faster than our ability to use it for making decisions. However, in most applications, especially outages, raw data has no value in itself; instead, managers, engineers and other specialists want to extract the information contained in it. The complexity and sheer volume of data could lead to information overload, resulting in getting lost in data that may be irrelevant to the task at hand, processed in an inappropriate way, or presented in an ineffective way. To prevent information overload,more » many data sources are ignored so production opportunities are lost because utilities lack the ability to deal with the enormous data volumes properly. Decision-makers are often confronted with large amounts of disparate, conflicting and dynamic information, which are available from multiple heterogeneous sources. Information and communication technologies alone will not solve this problem. Utilities need effective methods to exploit and use the hidden opportunities and knowledge residing in unexplored data resources. Superior performance before, during and after outages depends upon the right information being available at the right time to the right people. Acquisition of raw data is the easy part; instead, it is the ability to use advanced analytical, data processing and data visualization methods to turn the data into reliable information and comprehensible, actionable information. Techniques like data mining, filtering and analysis only work reliably for well-defined and well-understood problems. The path from data to decision is more complex. The ability to communicate knowledge during outages and emergent issues is crucial. This paper presents an approach to turn the unused data into an opportunity: applying principles from semiotics, human factors and visual analytics to transform the traditional way of processing outage data into media that will improve the collective situation awareness, knowledge, decisions, actions and overall performance of the entire outage team, and also support the reliability, quality and overall effectiveness of maintenance work. The application of the proposed visualization methods will become the medium of a semi-automated analytical process where humans and machines cooperate using their respective, distinct capabilities for the most effective results.« less


Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) require life-long management by gastroenterology (GI) and primary care providers (PCP). Guidelines exist outlining recommended healthcare services, but it is unclear which provider is responsible for which tasks, and what parents prefer.

 To understand perceptions of healthcare quality and delivery for children with IBD, describe barriers to receiving comprehensive healthcare, and elicit preferences for how care would ideally be delivered.

 Cross-sectional survey of parents of children ages 2–17 with IBD at a large, free-standing children's hospital, recruited via an institutional research registry. Surveys assessed patient medical history, family demographics, perceptions of health care quality and delivery, barriers to primary and GI care, and preferences for care receipt.

 217 parents were recruited, 214 consented, and 161 completed the survey (75% response). Mean patient age 14 years (SD 3); 51% male; 80% Crohn's, 16% ulcerative colitis, and 4% indeterminate colitis. Most parents were Caucasian (94%), had a bachelor's degree or higher (61%), and lived in a suburban setting (57%). Most had private insurance (43%) or private primary and public secondary insurance (34%). Most parents (N=149, 94%) thought the GI doctor was responsible for their child's IBD care, and 8 (6%) reported shared responsibility by the GI doctor and PCP. 113 (71%) said their child's PCP was responsible for primary care, 8 (5%) said GI doctor, and 37 (23%) said both. 95% of parents were confident in their GI doctor's primary care knowledge, and 81% with their PCP's IBD knowledge. 89% were satisfied with their communication with the PCP, and 98% were satisfied with their communication with the GI doctor. 53% did not know how well their PCP and GI doctors were communicating with each other. Only 4% of parents reported unmet healthcare needs, but those who did cited inadequate family support and mental health services. The greatest barriers to PCP care were lack of continuity with providers (22%) and scheduling (24%). The greatest barriers to GI care were scheduling (38%) and traveling to appointments (29%). Parent preferences for specific health care service delivery are found in Figure 1.

 Parents of children with IBD are satisfied with provider knowledge and communication skills with them, though most are unaware how well their PCP and GI doctor are communicating with each other. Healthcare needs are being met for most patients in our cohort, but parents cite different barriers to primary vs. specialty care, and mental health services in particular are lacking. Parents seem to support co-management between their child's PCP and GI provider. Understanding parent perspectives is essential to the development of family-centered healthcare delivery models for children with IBD.


Mount Wilson sunspot drawings from 1966 through 1980 were used in conjunction with H-alpha filtergrams from Big Bear Solar Observatory to examine the origin of delta spots, spots with bipolar umbrae within one penumbra. Of the six cases studied, five were formed by the union of non-paired spots. They are either shoved into one another by two neighboring growing bipoles or by a new spot borne piggy-back style on an existing spot of opposite polarity. Proper motions of the growing spots take on curvilinear paths around one another to avoid a collision. This is the shear motion observed in delta spots (Tanaka, 1979). In the remaining case, the delta spot was formed by spots that emerged as a pair. The findings indicate no intrinsic differences in the formation or the behavior between delta spots and spots of normal magnetic configuration.


Using data from the National Survey of Families and Households we examine the influence of adolescent childbearing and marriage on the likelihood of high school completion among a cohort of [U.S.] women aged 20 to 29 in 1987. Employing event history techniques we found striking differences by ethnicity. While the effect of teen marriage on school completion was significant only for whites adolescent childbearing had much stronger deleterious effects for Latinas than for white or especially black teens. We present attitudinal data in an effort to explain these differences. (EXCERPT)


Free standing sheets of polyaniline and iron oxide (γ-Fe2O3)/polyaniline are synthesized by the solution casting method. The study describes the alignment of magnetic clusters in iron oxide/polyaniline nano-composite sheets using energetic argon (Ar) ions. The energy of the Ar ion was varied from 0.06 to 1.2 MeV and the fluence was varied from 1015 to 1017 ions cm−2. X-ray diffraction studies confirm that the single phase of γ-Fe2O3 has been retained in the composite sheets. The polyaniline free standing sheets do not show any structure. Clusters are observed in polyaniline/iron oxide nano-composite sheets using scanning electron microscopy. In addition to the dispersion of clusters, orientations of clusters have been observed. The observed increase in conductivity as a result of ion irradiation has been attributed to the formation of a carbonized phase and production of different chemical species. The magnetic properties of the composite samples, as a result of ion irradiation, remained unaffected.


English teachers have been aware that culture plays a more and more important role in College English teaching.They have to change their concept in teaching and improve their perception in teaching goals and methods.The survey investigates the College English teachers' self reflection about their profession,their ideas on involving culture in their teaching and improving students' cultural communication abilities in one of the universities in the Northwest part of China.The results show that there is a close relationship between teachers' conception about culture teaching and their teaching concepts and methods.The investigation has some implication for the College English teaching.


The title compound, [CuCl2(C8H14N8O)], is the first structurally characterized molecular chelate complex of a binuclear N-substituted tetrazole. The Cu atom is five-coordinate, with an approximately square-pyramidal geometry. The equatorial positions of the pyramid are occupied by two Cl atoms and two N atoms from the ligand molecule; the O atom of the ligand lies in the axial position. Each complex is connected to four others via weak C—H⋯Cl and C—H⋯N interactions, forming sheets parallel to the (010) plane.


Feeling gratitude and not expressing is like wrapping a present and not giving it. I would like to express my deep gratitude to Dr DVSS Ramavataram Sir for his dedication, perseverance and unstinted help and support. Dr DVSS Ramavataram encapsulates the lore of past and present experience on the subject. His message is so powerful that it is like a laser beam to my studies. His words are magical. I am privileged to have him as my guide. I owe my warmest thanks to a multifaceted teacher like him.


Hart crane readers turn up in unlikely places. Morton Minsky, for instance, recalls Crane several times in Minsky's Burlesque, his memoir of the years between 191 2 and 1937 when he and his brothers ran several of New York's most celebrated burlesque theaters. In the course of boasting about the cultural highbrows who frequented their National Winter Garden theater at Houston Street and Second Avenue during the 1920s, he focuses on Crane and the "National Winter Garden" section of The Bridge:


A common approach to immunotherapy is to promote the accumulation of specific bone marrow-derived myeloid cells into tumors for anti-tumor activity. While the pro- and anti-tumor effects of differentiated myeloid cells are complex, several novel therapeutic approaches are focused on recruiting macrophages to tumors and transforming their pro-tumor phenotypes of macrophages to anti-tumor phenotypes. Research efforts to better understand and manipulate this type of macrophage biology is critical for developing and testing therapeutics. These experimental models commonly utilize imaging approaches, be it in vivo using molecular imaging or ex vivo histological approaches, to visualize macrophages in the context of tumors. These different imaging modalities provide different advantages in their ability characterize macrophage distribution, tissue localization and kinetics: In vivo imaging, such as MRI and in vivo fluorescence, gives strong temporal insights and general distribution in target tissues but are limited by sensitivity and resolution. Fluorescence microscopy and histology provide substantially higher resolution and sensitivity regarding TAM localization and cellular morphology but lacks temporal resolution and is only sampling a small portion of target tissue. Cryofluorescence tomography (CFT) is an attractive new modality in which an entire animal or tissue can be imaged ex vivo in 3D with high-resolution and increased sensitivity compared to nuclear in vivo imaging modalities. To harness the advantages of each imaging modality, we designed a multimodality imaging study enabling the utilization of MRI, FLI and CFT for in vivo and ex vivo visualization of macrophages in tumor bearing animals. In this study, mice bearing xenografts were administered with V-Sense (VS-1000H NIR, Celsense, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA), a perfluorocarbon emulsion containing fluorine-19 (19F) and a NIR fluorophore. When administered IV, V-Sense is preferentially taken up by cells of the recticuloendothlium system, including Kupffer cells and macrophages, especially in inflamed tissues (e.g., tumors) thus enabling imaging using both MRI and fluorescence imaging. Immediately following MRI, animals underwent FLI and were then frozen for CFT. As expected, 19F signal was evident in mice whose tumors where acute inflammation was present, ) but not detected in the non-inflamed tumors, indicative for macrophage recruitment. However, when imaged using both FLI and CFT, V-Sense signal was detected in tumors of both groups (1 and 2). CFT proved to be the most sensitive, revealing V-Sense signal not only in the tumor and liver but also in several other organs such as lymph nodes and bone marrow that were undetected with MRI or FLI. The results of this study demonstrated the added value of a multimodality imaging approach using V-Sense, in which low resolution in vivo imaging and high-resolution 3D ex vivo CFT imaging can complement each other, providing rich, multi-resolution layers of immunological information in the same subjects. Citation Format: Hemi Dimant, Patrick McConville, Kelly Orcutt, Kieth Mikule, Keith Wilcoxen, Deanne Lister, Eric T. Ahrens. Macrophage tracking using multi-modality 3D imaging in xenografts [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 381.


The rise of multidrug resistance (MDR) bacteria in nosocomial and health-care institutions is widespread and is currently recognized as a major medical challenge. Mechanisms of bacterial resistance, namely, quorum sensing (QS), biofilm formation, and efflux pumps, have been identified as critical biological processes in MDR bacteria. Following previous reports on the activity of phenothiazines against mechanisms of bacterial resistance, in this work we focus on the synthesis of xanthene derivatives aiming to discover phenothiazine bioisosteres with improved activity. Four compounds were obtained from the conjugation of xanthydrol with sulfonamides and aniline and were fully characterized. Their antibacterial activity was assessed considering their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains, efflux pump inhibition, influence on biofilm formation and quorum-sensing (QS) inhibition. It was observed that the MIC of all the tested compounds was above 64 µg/mL The four 9-xanthenyl derivatives obtained, particularly the xanthene sulfonamide derivatives 3b and 3c, showed promising results on QS inhibition with a reduction of pigment production of 48 and 41 mm, and on biofilm formation with a reduction of 78 and 79%, respectively.


About six years ago, I stated in a lecture that carbohydrate catabolism is a field in biochemistry in which we are on the solid ground of enzymology, and that nearly ail fundamental problems have been solved. What remained to be explored were problems of hormonal control and highly specialized problems of comparative carbohydrate biochemistry. This lecture, fortunately, was never published. I t seems that during the past six years we have unlearned a great deal about carbohydrate metabolism, and I must admit today that our knowledge is so fragmentary that we have little accurate information about the fate of carbohydrates while and after they enter specific cells. What has brought about this change in attitude? The major reason is that we have come to recognize the existence of alternate pathways, and that we are just beginning to learn how to evaluate their relative quantitative significance. The approach that Doctor Chance has just described represents a new phase in these studies. With ingenious methods of his own design he has studied metabolic events in intact cells and has analyzed electron transfer and phosphorylation processes in the steady state of intracellular metabolism. He has thus permitted us to glance behind the iron-porphyrin curtain of intracellular oxidations. Another fruitful approach to the fate of carbohydrates in intact cells is being made with C14-labeled glucose, which Doctor Wenner has discussed. I should like to point out again the need for caution in the use of isotope incorporation studies for the quantitative evaluation of alternate pathways. Doctor Brown has made some very pertinent comments in regard to the occurrence of exchange reactions in nucleic acid synthesis, Since many biologists do not seem to be fully aware of the existence of these reactions, which may completely invalidate quantitative estimates of alternate pathways, or of the net synthesis of proteins, Rh-A or DNA deduced from incorporation studies only, I shall mention just one of many examples of exchange reactions. A rapid incorporation of C402 into oxalacetate is catalyzed by purified preparations of oxalacetate decarboxylase from Micrococcus lyodeiclicus, although no net synthesis of oxalacetate from pyruvate and COz can be detected. Thus, this process of isotope incorporation cannot be considered to be a synthetic pathway, in spite of the very rapid rate of labeling that takes place. In our laboratory, Doctor Kvamme has studied the inhibitory effect of glucose on the respiration of Ehrlich ascites tumor, which was described by Kun et a1.l and by McKee et aL2 We have confirmed and extended some observations made by these investigators. As shown in TABLE 1, it was found that sugars that serve as substrates for hexokinase (fructose, glucose, and mannose) inhibit oxygen uptake, while nonfermentable sugars (sucrose, ribose, and galactose) had no effect. An exploration of the concentration of glucose required


The excavations at Sikyon by the American School were begun March 23, 1886, during the directorship of Professor M. L. D'Ooge, and were continued, with some interruptions, until May 10. In the succeeding session of the School, under the directorship of Professor A. C. Merriam, the excavations were resumed under the supervision of Mr. M. L. Earle, who will present a final report of the work done.* The choice of the site of Sikyon as a field for archaeological investigation was recommended by the fact that, in spite of the antiquity of the city and its particular importance in the history of art, no systematic excavation had ever been made there. Whether it was due to the charm of the surrounding landscape, or to a happy blending of Ionian and Dorian elements in the population, or again to the circumstances of the political history of the city, or, what is most probable, to the united action of all these causes, few cities in Hellas were more renowned as art centres than Sikyon. Sikyon first comes into view in the Homeric line, kIal heucvcv,', 'O'lip' "A8pr7o-rol W?p~r' d'jLao'iXevev (Iliad, 11. 572). Hesiod (Theog., 536)


A new video segmentation method which combines temporal information with modified watershed is proposed. For localization of moving objects in the image sequence, initial binary object model is obtained by moving edge detection technology based on difference between two successive frames. Markers of foreground and background for watershed are derived from temporal information. Morphological gradient reconstruction is implemented using color multi-scale gradient operator and modified markers, which results in video object with precise boundary. The new algorithm can detect the appearance of new objects as well as the disappearance of existing objects, can detect both rapid and slow moving object effectively and can locate and track moving object. It has the virtue of low complexity inherited from change detection and watershed and overcomes their disadvantage of sensitivity to noise.


Objective: The objective of this study was to explore residents' perception of time they spend on clinical data and patient care.
Methods: A cross-sectional study, utilizing a validated questionnaire was conducted in July 2019 at the King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah after gaining ethical approval. Link to the online survey designed on Google forms was shared through Facebook, WhatsApp, and Email. The questionnaire consisted of 21 items to assess different variables like direct patient care, documentation requirements, and complete patient interaction.
Results: Out of 150 participants, the response rate was 111 (74%). Of 111 participants, regarding clinical documentation, 105 (95%) felt that it has become excessive, and 93 (84%) agreed that it compromises patient time. In addition, 87 (78%) residents felt rushed all the time and 82 (74%) said that they are frustrated with data entry. On the educational value of clinical documentation, 90 (81%) of residents agreed that it has little or no influence. Furthermore, 92 (83%) agreed that it negatively impacts the time available for teaching other junior residents.
Conclusion: We conclude that: although residents wish to provide quality care to their patients, many of them felt that data entry has become excessive and it is negatively affecting their clinical training.


Despite the significant progress in on-road vehicle electrification, the majority of construction equipment types are still using conventional diesel engines. Though there has been a steady flow of studies in this field, not all equipment types have yet been evaluated. This paper contributes to filling that data gap by analyzing real-world second-by-second activity data from 17 off-road vehicles across six equipment types to investigate their electrification potential. The collected data are used to determine real-world power and torque demands—which are then used to select currently available electric motors suited for electrification of these types of equipment. Required battery sizes for battery electric operation are also calculated considering recorded energy demands, and battery sizes are standardized across equipment types for realistic implementation. The resulting battery electric systems are simulated to determine their effectiveness in fulfilling real-world activity demands. The results show that four of the six types can be electrified to a significant extent using battery electric powertrains with a single-motor set-up, while the remaining two types are more suitable for hybridization because of their high energy needs.


In this work is apresented a detailed analysis of biomarkers of oil by gas chromatography. The first part of this investigation comprises a molecular geochemical characterization of two samples of the Recôncavo basin by conventional techniques (SARA separation, chromatographic analysis by GC-MS and GC-MS/MS). These analyses allowed an overview of the deposition conditions of the organic matter of the two samples. The second part of this work is based on the optimization of the working conditions that are necessary to perform the analysis by multidimensional techniques and simplified methods of sample preparations in order to gain a better understanding Recôncavo Basin deposition. For the accomplishment of this objective it was necessary to create a new modulator that would be compatible with the high structural diversity of the oil samples (high and low molecular weight compounds). The optimal working conditions were first tested by two-dimensional gas chromatography – due to its robustness coupled with a flame detector (GC×GC-FID). These chromatographic conditions were then applied in a comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatograph coupled to a quadrupole mass spectrometer (GC×GC-QMS) and looking an increase in sensitivity and detectability were also applied to a comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer (GC×GC-MS/MS). For the purpose of establishing differences between the conventional method GC-MS and the GC×GC-MS/MS, the geochemical parameters of the samples were determined by multidimensional techniques as such as from these results it was possible to obtain a better understanding of the lithologic and stratigraphic sequences occurring in the sedimentation in the basin, the differences between the depositional conditions were more evident by these techniques,due to the increase in resolution, selectivity and sensitivity obtained by the GC×GC-MS/MS, it was possible to identify new biomarkers and establish additional useful geochemical parameters to determine the depositional environment and thermal evolution of the oil samples. In this manner it demonstrated that the use of the GC×GC and the simplified sample preparation methods were very useful in the field of molecular organic geochemistry in the study of crude oil samples.


In 1965, Joseph L. Doob proved that if / is a superharmonic function on a half-space and if A(p) and F(p) denote respectively the angular and fine cluster sets of / at a boundary point p, then one of the following cases holds at almost every boundary point p. ( i ) oo 6 F(p) Π A(p) and F(p) £ A(p). (ii) / does not have an angular limit at p but has a finite fine limit and an equal normal limit there. (iii) / has a finite angular limit and an equal fine limit at p. He then asked whether in (i) the set F(p) can be a proper subinterval of A{p) on a P set of positive measure. In this note, we study this problem in the two dimensional case. We construct a Nevanlinna's function for which (i) holds for a countably dense set of boundary points. Our result is sharp in the sense that the P set cannot be improved to be of positive measure. It is not clear whether the construction is possible for any P set of measure zero.


We encountered a case of granular cell tumor in the parotid gland. The patient was a 40-year-old man who consulted our department because of a swelling near the left patotid gland on September 8, 1998. The patient had noticed a mass in the region in January 1998, and consulted our department because the size of the mass had increased since August 1998. On extraoral examination, a mass measuring approximately 20mm in diameter was palpable near the left parotid gland. The mass was mobile and had a hard elastic consistency. No tenderness was present. The mass was enucleated under general anesthesia on November 12. The postoperative course has been uneventful for 2 years 10 months, with no signs of recurrence.


The article presents the results of the analysis of the current state, key problems and prospects of the development of mortgage lending in Ukraine. The comparative characteristics of mortgage lending conditions in Ukraine and EU countries are presented, the main indicators of the mortgage lending market in Ukraine, the dynamics of changes in mortgage bank lending for the period from 2013 to 2018. Based on the problems outlined, concrete effective measures have been proposed to overcome them in order to strengthen the positions of the prospective development of mortgage lending in Ukraine.


We study the capacity of a class of deterministic discrete memoryless interference channels. Recent studies show that, in general, interference alignment is required to achieve capacity in interference channels. While interference alignment in general needs structured coding, we identify two scenarios where random coding achieves capacity and leads to single-letter capacity characterizations in deterministic interference channels. The first scenario is a noisy interference regime, where we show that interference can be aligned with random codes, obviating the need of structured codes. The second scenario is over the many-to-one interference channels where alignment is precluded because the multiple interferers are resolvable at the receiver which faces interference.


The bronze statue of Neptune (around 1615–20) in the Long Market (DługiTarg) in Gdańsk unifies two opposed antique prototypes, a contrapposto figure which shows the god Neptune peacefully resting, and a dynamic figureapplying the trident, his weapon, in combat. The new combination representsmimetically the changeable nature of the god' s liquid sphere, the sea.In its artistic invention the statue manifests such an exact knowledge andfamiliarity with the study of antiquity and the artistic methods from MichelangeloBuonarroti until to Giambologna (Jean Boulogne, 1529– 1608), thatwe have to look for the artist among those trained in sixteenth Century Florence.Among the works of the Dutch Hubert Gerhard (1550– 1620), traineduntil to 1581 in Florence in the circle of Giambologna and later active inAugsburg and Munich as a leading Northern Mannerist artist, the ArchangelVanquishing Lucifer (1588) at the facade of St Michael's Church (M unich)comes most close to the movement expressed in the Gdańsk Ne ptune.


This study focused on enhancing secondary school students' academic performance in Biology through instructional scaffolding. The study adopted the quasi-experimental pre-test, post-test control group design. Two research questions and two research hypotheses guided the study. The population of the study was all Biology senior secondary school I (SS I) students in government-owned co-education public schools in Ogidi education zone of Anambra state (3, 584).The study comprised 113 senior secondary form I students, randomly selected from four (4) public coeducational schools. The instruments used for data collection was Amobi Uchenna Biology Performance Test (AUBPT) adopted from West Africa Examination Council (WAEC) past questions from (June 1999-June 2015) with reliability of .070 using kuder Richardson formula. Data obtained were analysed using mean, standard deviation for the research questions and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) for hypotheses. The result showed that instructional scaffolding teaching strategy significantly enhances students' performance in Biology concepts. Gender was not a significant factor in the students' performance although the female students achieved better than the males. Based on these, the following recommendations among others were made: science teachers and Biology teachers in particular should employ instructional scaffolding strategy in the classroom so as to enhance the achievement of students' in Biology concepts. Curriculum planners, administrators / policy makers, Ministry of Education in partnership with other professional bodies like STAN should regularly organize workshops, seminars and conferences for trainee and serving teachers to acquaint them with the use of these innovative activity-based teaching strategies specifically, instructional scaffolding strategy.


Imatinib is a potent drug used in the treatment of all phases of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). It is an inhibitor of the protein kinases associated with BCR-ABL and related kinases. Various clinical trials have confirmed the efficacy of imatinib among non-transplant options. It is generally well tolerated. Reported complications include nausea, vomiting, oedema and fluid retention. We report a case of CML in which the patient developed acute pulmonary oedema following imatinib therapy. The probable cause of pulmonary oedema was cardiac morbidity due to imatinib.


This research aimed to 1) analyze the content of professional competencies, 2) create the professional competency test, and 3) check the quality of the professional competency test. The operation method was composed of three steps: 1) five experts (set 1) analyzed the qualitative data of the professional competencies, 2) five experts (set 2) built the professional competency test, and 3) experts (set 3) checked the quality of the professional competency test, and then two trials of the test were performed. The research showed that 1) the content analysis of professional competencies found ten indicators: six for knowledge and four for cognitive skills, including 100 issues of the required measurement list. A test with 100 items covered the course descriptions of seventeen subjects in five curriculum groups. 2) The creation result found the professional competency test, five multiple-choice questions. The respondents got one point when they answered correctly and no point when they answered incorrectly. The test comprised 100 items in two aspects: 57 items for knowledge and 43 for cognitive skills. 3) The result of the quality check revealed that the professional competency test was good. It had a good level of content validity (IOC = 0.80-1.00). Its difficulty was appropriate (p = 0.25-0.78). The discrimination was good (r = 0.44-0.96). There was validity with a good level of internal consistency (α = 0.87), and it had good construct validity (x2- Sig = 0.25, RMSEA = 0.03, RMR = 0.02 and AGFI = 0.97), (ρc = 0.97-0.98). This test can be used as a quality tool to measure the professional competency test in knowledge and cognitive


heavily contaminated soil within the source area. The volume of soil excavated for treatment was approximately 3000 tons. Solerox®, a neutral pH catalytic oxidation process, was used to treat the soil on site. The treatment process was successful in reducing contaminant levels to regulatory target limits at a significant savings to the client ($63/ton versus $120+/ ton). Further, the process was demonstrated to have the capacity to treat soil quickly (500 to 1,000 tons per day/ treatment unit) with manageable health and safety issues.


The supply of solid waste management service has always been a major environmental concern for the city of Kampala. The introduction of service charges in the area of solid waste management is getting much attention due to continuous financial shortage of the city government to provide this service at an affordable cost. The proper pricing of these services is believed to bring efficiency and sustainability in this area. Thus the current study was undertaken to examine the extent of solid waste management problem and the determinants of household's "willingness to pay for improved solid waste management services in kawempe. The contingent valuation method (CVM) is used to analyze households" willingness to pay. A logistic regression is adopted for empirical analysis for 50 randomly selected households, descriptive results indicates that 64% of households in the study area were practicing illegal dumping, i.e., disposing solid waste in open-space, street or drainage channels, 30% paid for solid waste collection services and 70% of them were not satisfied with city council in the area of solid waste management. However majority of the households (64%) were willing to cooperate with the city council in co-financing solid waste collection activities in order to improve the deteriorating situation. The average willing to pay in terms of shillings per month was USh 3000, this amount was influenced by household income, education, age, and time spent in the area and home ownership. There is a greater chance for success in the solid waste collection services if city dwellers are constantly trained and monitored to improve their sanitation, hygiene and solid waste management practices. Lastly a socially acceptable charge should be set to avoid the free-rider problem among the benefiting households.