condition. The regression analysis showed a negative relationship (b =  2.525) between the amount of part-list cue effect and participants' cognitive inhibitory ability, with the increasing Stroop effect, the part-list effect reduced. However, a positive correlation was shown between the amount of part-list cue effect and individual's working memory capacity, indicated by the OSPAN score and T-OSPAN score. Higher the OSPAN and T-OSPAN score is, larger part-list cue effect was observed. The above results indicated that low-Stroop-effect individuals showing stronger part-list cueing effect than high-Stroop-effect individuals, and high-WMC individuals showing more part-list cueing effect than low-WMC individuals. Our findings are consistent with previous studies looking into individual-differences, suggesting a close link between working memory capacity, cognitive inhibitory ability and inhibitory efficiency. In addition, the current results also support the inhibitory executive-control account of part-list cueing


Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology ¦ Volume 25 ¦ Issue 4 ¦ July-August 2022 761 Dear Sir, The term SUNHA as a diagnostic category was introduced according to the revised criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD‐3 beta) 2013, and it comprises the headache subtypes SUNCT and SUNA.[1] Both are rare disorders and are associated with cranial autonomic features. The diagnostic features of both are overlapping, with both conjunctival ingestion and tearing being necessary for SUNCT while only one of the two autonomic features suffices for SUNA. The reports of ipsilateral autonomic features in trigeminal neuralgia (TN) date back to 1914.[2] There is a considerable diagnostic overlap between SUNHA and TN occurring in the first division of trigeminal nerve (V1) when the clinical differentiation becomes particularly difficult.


In order to investigate the age differences for viewing autostereoscopic display, we conduct a 3 × 3 × 3 × 4 mixed design with repeated measurement experiment by using three‐dimensional (3D) video clips. Visual comfort is compared between four age groups with a questionnaire. Results of subjective evaluation are compared through the chi‐square test to check if there is a statistical significance between groups with respect to the distribution of number and proportion according to five levels of visual comfort. Then we examine age differences of visual comfort under three key display parameters including crosstalk, ambient illumination, and disparity. The results indicate that the degree of comfort varies considerably among age groups as the parameters of the display system change. Although the seniors feel most discomfort and the children get best experience in general, there is no statistical difference among the subjects when the ambient illumination is medium or disparity is large. So, it is necessary to take account of the age differences in designing 3D display parameters for enhancing visual comfort.


Plasmonic noble metal nanoparticles demonstrate unique sizedependent optical and photothermal properties due to the collective oscillation of free electrons in their conduction bands. The intensity of absorption and scattering of noble metal nanoparticles is significantly higher than most absorbing and scattering organic molecular dyes, which makes them excellent candidates as contrast agents in imaging. Electron-phonon and phonon-phonon interactions in gold nanoparticles results in the generation of heat following exposure to Near Infrared (NIR) light. Cylindrical gold nanorods also demonstrate a tunable photothermal response to NIR light as a function of nanoparticle aspect ratio. Quantum dots display unique optical properties, including sharp and symmetrical emission spectra, high quantum yields, broad absorption spectra, good chemical and photostability, and tunable size-dependent emission wavelengths. They have been evaluated extensively for use as optical imaging probes both in vitro and in vivo. Magnetic nanoparticles are widely studied and applied in various fields of biology and medicine such as magnetic targeting, magnetic resonance imaging, diagnostics, immunoassays, gene cloning, and cell separation and purification. The polymeric nanoparticles are reported to act as delivery vehicles for imaging contrast agents and therapeutics. Dendrimers and other hyper-branched organic polymers and liposomes have also been extensively evaluated for their potential in imaging and drug delivery applicatons. The hybrid nanomaterials, namely silica-based nanomaterials and nanoscale metal–organic frameworks, that have been recently explored are used for imaging and therapeutic applications.


Data on the residual activity of the insecticide Solfac on the mosquito An. superpictus Grassi in Hissar vally are presented.


An appealing illustrated portrayal of the art and world of the Shakers--their furniture and artifacts, and the spirit and precepts embodied in them.


Path analysis refers to the calculation of moment structures within and between variables, for example, covariances or correlations, implied by a set of simultaneous linear regression equations – one type of structural equation model. Path diagrams of structural equation models offer a graphical representation with exact one-to-one mapping to the simultaneous linear regression equations. Path analysis allows one to decompose the covariance between two variables in a structural equation model into additive components, thus helping to understand how the interrelationships between many variables in a model predict the covariance between two selected variables. By performing path analysis calculations on all variables and pairs of variables in a model, one may calculate the expected moment structure implied by that model. Path analysis preceded and led to the development of modern structural equation modeling methods of parameter estimation.


On 9th June, 1994, Mr Hosea Bajakajian and his wife were preparing to board an Alitalia Airways flight departing Los Angeles bound for Syria (Mr Bajakajian's native land) and Cyprus via Rome. Prior to boarding, Mr Bajakajian was stopped by US Customs officers. Mr Bajakajian had not filed a currency report with customs stating that he was leaving the USA with more than $10,000 in his possession, a perfectly lawful act, but one requiring a report. When stopped, Mr Bajakajian was asked whether he had in excess of $10,000. He replied 'No'. The lie would have worked, but for the fact that this particular Alitalia Airways flight was targeted by customs officers who were looking for hidden currency. The trained canine assigned to the task had alerted officers to Bajakajian's luggage. In the luggage officers found $230,192. Mr Baja‐kajian was given the opportunity to declare the US currency excess, but he stuck by his denial. A search of his personal belongings, as well as his wife's revealed an additional $127,012. Further searches brought the total to $357,144.


A constant change in clinical education has made the necessity of implementing appropriate new method of evaluation more succinct than before. Keeping in mind, the principles of Adult-learning and self- directed leaning, DOPS is one of the best method for procedural skill assessment. Key Words: DOPS, Assessment, Clinical Education


FIELD: physics; control. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to railway transport and can be used in automated systems for centralised control of railway transport. The system comprises, at each locomotive and connected to an on-board system digital interface, a computer for controlling train movement, a driver's computer, an information input and display unit, a receiver of a satellite navigation system with an antenna and a wireless modem with an antenna. A centralised control centre includes, connected to the system digital interface, a computer of the controller's automated workstation, a wireless modem with an antenna, a train model generating unit, the signal output of which is connected through a train model fragment preparation unit and unit for converting the train model to a video frame, said units being connected in series, to the signal input of the wireless modem with an antenna. Each locomotive of trains involved in the control system also includes a control unit for an auxiliary valve for forced emergency braking. The cabin of the locomotive is fitted with surveillance video cameras, the signal outputs of which are connected through a switch to an intelligent video analyser, the port of which and the input of the control unit for an auxiliary valve for forced emergency braking are connected to the on-board system digital interface. EFFECT: safer movement. 1 dwg


With the development of China's economic development,an increasing number of large scale shopping malls,supermarkets and shopping centers are built,some of which also add the small area of specialized shops in the first shop floor.This paper analyzes the problem of fire prevention for these added shops in terms of basic characteristics,the difficulty on fire prevention and major measures and countermeasures.


In this paper, we prove the existence and uniqueness of solution for the fuzzy functional differential equation under generalized Hukuhara derivative via contractive-like mapping principles.


Two spread-spectrum multiple access systems which usewideband M-ary frequency shift keying (FSK) (MFSK) as theprimary modulation are presented. A bit error rate performanceanalysis is presented and system throughput is calculated for sample C band and Ku band satellite systems. Sample link analyses areincluded to illustrate power and adjacent satellite interferenceconsiderations in practical multiple access systems.


How to cite item Zang, K., Wei, J., Yu, L., Wan, F., Hu, Z., & Li, Y. (2020). Calibration method of petroleum underground prospect based on high precision gravity and magnetic exploration. Earth Sciences Research Journal, 24(3), 345-355. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v24n3.90315 The high-precision calibration results of the petroleum underground layer are of great significance for oil production efficiency. This study uses the gravity magnetic model to retrieve the bedrock depth. The results of the basement structure and sedimentary rock distribution through the gravity and magnetic geology in the petroleum underground prospect of the Tongbai basin were also obtained. On this basis, the geological data, logging data, seismic data, and the Vertical Seismic Profile (VSP) data has been comprehensively used, as the layered calibration method was used to calibrate the petroleum underground layer. Considering the seismic datum and the core elevation in the area, the rock formation is divided by various logging curves. The average time difference and density of the divided rock layers are interpolated at equal depth intervals to obtain velocity sequences and density sequences at equal time intervals and finally realize time-depth conversion. When the drilling geological horizon is unified, the synthetic record of the seismic reflection layer is compared with the geological horizon to realize the horizon calibration of the seismic reflection layer. When the local stratification is not uniform, the seismic reflection layer is calibrated by tracking the seismic reflection layer, high-precision velocity analysis, and various synthetic records to verify the reliability of the geological horizon. The results show that the proposed method can accurately survey the geological conditions of the Tongbai basin. It detected 14 basement faults, and that the NW-trending and NE-trending faults controlled the basin, while the North-South faults controlled the later evolution of the basin. The method can be used for the horizon calibration of inclined wells, which is suitable not only for anisotropic media but also for formations with a less lateral variation of local formation lithology. Moreover, its usage is flexible, and it can be corrected by multiple speed data. ABSTRACT Calibration method of petroleum underground prospects based on high precision gravity and magnetic exploration


Long-term phase stability is a significant issue for Low-level RF systems. Crosstalk and temperature effect on the RF field detectors would significantly limit the performance of phase detecting and phase locking. A novel microwave switch-based LLRF system has been developed in Tsinghua Accelerator Lab. Microwave switches are applied in the chopper circuit to turn continuous waves into pulse waves in the time domain to avoid mutual interference of signals. In this paper, the LLRF sys-tem based on microwave switches is presented. The result of preliminary long-term experiments shows the phase stability can achieve about 50fs RMS slow drift. The peak-to-peak value of the slow drift was ~100fs (~2 °C p-p) in 4 days.


Pigovian taxes are time-honored responses to negative externalities in the commercial world: firms that pollute must pay the costs of the damage they do to their community. Such localization of costs to those who create them seems rational and fair. But when Pigovian taxes are presented to consumers, how do they respond? We show that to the extent consumers perceive that others' behavior creates economic costs for them, they better understand and evaluate related communications and are more accepting of Pigovian interventions. Perceived negative externalities explain responses to Pigovian taxes better than other demographic and psychographic constructs often assumed to drive attitudes in this area. Finally, we show that responses to Pigovian interventions are driven by perceived fairness. This article offers an important starting place for marketers hoping to effectively communicate about Pigovian taxes, and for sponsoring policy makers who struggle to gain support among wide segments of the population.


Included are nanoparticles comprising a lipid bilayer comprising a phospholipid, sterol, polyethylene glycol-lipid, surrounding the aqueous core containing the therapeutic and / or diagnostic agent, and nanoparticles comprising a lipid monolayer surrounding the hydrophobic core Various lipid nanoparticles are disclosed. Of particular interest are limit size lipid nanoparticles having a diameter of 10-100 nm. Such lipid nanoparticles are the smallest particles possible for a particular particle composition. Disclosed are methods and apparatus for preparing such limiting size lipid nanoparticles.


The controlled anionic ring-opening polymerization of lactones and siloxanes is carried out in continuous-flow reactors. Anionic ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters with strong, soluble ba...


Plant, environmental conditions and management type will determine final crop yield. Enhanced yield can be reached by using well-adapted and potentially productive genotypes; all of them ally to crop cultural practices and management. Among these, seed density stands out, once it interferes with plant morphology and competition for water and nutrients. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of varied seed densities on agronomic traits in soybean, besides identifying cultivars with wide adaptability to different environments and seed densities. Six soybean cultivars were assessed under four seed densities (100, 200, 300 and 400 thousand plants·ha-1), in nine different environments from Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The experimental design was a completely randomized block design with three replications. The BRSMG 760SRR and BRSMG 820RR cultivars had the best average performance independent of the environments and seed densities. The seed density of 300 thousand plants per hectare showed to be as the most adequate for soybean cultivation on the evaluated environments. Furthermore, seed density interacted with the agronomic traits in soybean.


ABSTRACT Site S3 of the King's Cross Development Zone is located in Central London to the North of King's Cross Station. The site directly overlies the 11 m deep Thameslink twin-rail tunnels. The excavation of a rotary core borehole on site led to tunnel inward movement recorded by in-tunnel prism arrays. Live monitoring data has been used to investigate and determine the causal link between borehole RC1 and this movement. The borehole excavation lost excessive amounts of fluid flush into the London Clay. The interaction between flush fluid and soil is numerically investigated in this paper with an investigation into the numerical simulation of the physical excavation of the borehole itself. The aim of this research work is to investigate the mechanisms of movement that may have resulted in the tunnel deformation while numerical analysing the construction of the borehole in stages. Using a 2D plane strain model, the HSS (Hardening Soil with small strain) constitutive model has been utilised in order to recreate the stress history within the London Clay.


Abstract The microstructure and electrical properties were investigated for SrTiO3(STO) thin films deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si(PTSS) and Pt/MgO(PM) substrates by plasma-enhanced metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (PEMOCVD). SrF2 phase existing in the STO films deposited on PM at 500°C influences the dielectric constant, dissipation factor, and leakage current density of STO films. The dielectric constant and dissipation factor of STO films on PTSS and PM at 500°C were 210, 0.02 and 140, 0.07 at 100 kHz, respectively. Leakage current densities of STO films deposited on PTSS and PM at 500°C were about 1.5 × 10−8 A/cm2 and 1.0 × 10−6 A/cm2 at 2 V, respectively. The leakage current behavior regardless of SrF2 phase in STO films was controlled by Schottky emission with applied electric field.


The CEO's support for change within the health care organization is desirable, yet sometimes difficult to achieve. Pinpointing specific problems in communicating such support to employees is the CEO's first step toward accepting and implementing change.


Using the X-ray diffraction to analyse the fault gouge from the fault in deep of DongShengmiao polymetallic pyrite deposit.The phase results show that the pyrite,sphalerite,pyrrhotite,kusuite,nantokite and some xanthoconite are contained in fault gouge.Then minerals such as quartz,calcite,gypsum,dolomite and phlogopite reflect some properties of the surrounding rock.In addition,the distribution of XRD diffraction peak from mineral crystals can indicate the mineral crystallization degree,which corresponding with the activities of deep-seated faults.A fierce activity in fault would lead to a higher degree of mineral crystallization,and vice versa.Furthermore,according to the Scherrer's formula,we estimated the average size of mineral particles each sample by selecting the FWHM(β)and the diffraction angle(θ)in strong peaks.The results show that the size distribution of most mineral crystals in fault gouge is nanoscale.Combining with the geogas theories,thought that such nano-sized mineral particles can be carried to the surface by the ascending gas flow from interior of the earth.Moreover,it can provide some basis for study of deposit and prospecting.


The separately contacted metallic tip attached to the KolibriSensor® allows one to carry out combined STM (either with oscillating or static tip) and nc-AFM studies on conducting substrates. The Nanonis Controller features on-the-fly switching between both feedback modes which enables imaging of the same areas on the surface at atomic resolution. Especially for the identification of atomically sized defects, imaging in both feedback modes provides additional insights which are of fundamental importance as an intuitive interpretation of SPM images is often misleading.


Research in network controllability has mostly been focused on the effects of the network structure on its controllability, and some methods have been proposed to optimize the network controllability. However, they are all based on global structure information of networks. We propose two different types of methods to optimize controllability of a directed network by local structure information. Extensive numerical simulation on many modeled networks demonstrates that this method is effective. Since the whole topologies of many real networks are not visible and we only get some local structure information, this strategy is potentially more practical.


Objective To study the effects of TAT-HO-1 fusion protein,HIV-1 transactiviting protein (TAT) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1),on hepatic cell apoptosis of rat donors in cold storage stage.Methods Forty-eight male SD rats were randomly divided into two groups.Rat livers were flushed and preserved with 4℃ HTK solution containing(group P) or uncontaining(group C) 50 mg/L of TAT-HO-1.The preserved solution and hepatic tissue were collected at 0,6,12,18 h of cold storage stage.TAT-HO-1 transducing into liver,alanine aminotransferase(ALT) level in preserved solution,hyaluronic acid(HA) level and the expression of caspase-3 in hepatic tissue,and the apoptotic index (AI) of hepatocytes and sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs) were measured or detected.Results ALT level in preserved solution,HA level and the expression of caspase-3 in hepatic tissue,and the AI of hepatocytes and SECs increased time-dependently in cold storage stage in both groups (P<0.05),with lower increasing extent in group P than that in group C (P<0.05) at 6h,12h and 18h of cold storage stage.A stronger accumulation of HO-1 staining was also detected at the same time-points in group P than that in group C(P<0.05).Conclusion TAT-HO-1 may transduce efficiently into rat livers,exerting protective effects on both hepatocytes and SECs during cold storage stage.Protein transduction technology may be a novel therapeutic means to reduce donor liver injury in preservation period for transplantion.

Key words:
Liver ;  Cold storage ;  Fusion protein ;  HIV-1 transactiviting protein ;  heine oxygenase-1 ;


We report a 62-year-old woman with a simultaneous occurrence of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) and Guillain-Barr e syndrome (GBS). The simultaneous presence of PRES in GBS is unusual and can easily escape recognition, with potentially serious consequences for the patient. Previous reports showed that the simultaneous or initial manifestation of PRES in GBS is more common in elderly female. The preponderance of female in older age may be due to age and gender related difference in sympathetic nerve activity. J Korean Neurol Assoc 32(4):298-300, 2014


Regioselective methanesulfonylation of simple aromatics using methanesulfonic anhydride can be achieved over zeolite catalysts. For example, methanesulfonylation of toluene over various cation-exchanged zeolite beta catalysts affords higher para-selectivity in the synthesis of methyl tolyl sulfone than standard Friedel-Crafts methanesulfonylation utilising aluminium chloride.


A dinuclear manganese(III,IV) mixed valence complex [Mn2(N3O-py)2(O)2]ClO4·2.5H2O was prepared (N3O-py:N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)glycinate) and its crystal structure was determined by X-ray crystal structure analysis. The analysis showed that two manganese ions are linked by two oxo bridges with the separation of 2.656(2) A and the structural difference between manganese(III) and manganese(IV) moieties is relatively small compared to those of complexes so far reported.


Background: Some previous studies have claimed that electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is helpful in quitting smoking. However, this role of e-cigarettes remains uncertain because several current smokers use e-cigarettes as an alternative to tobacco smoking. The present study aimed to compare the quitting behaviors of dual users and cigarette-only smokers. Methods: Data of 5,179 current smokers from the sixth and seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2013 – 2017) were analyzed. Current smokers were divided into dual users and cigarette-only smokers based on e-cigarette use in the past month. Factors influencing e-cigarette use were investigated. Differences in the quitting behaviors between both groups were assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis with STATA 11.0. Results: Young age ( < 40 years) and smoking amount ( > 20 cigarettes/day) were associated with e-cigarette use. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) use in the past 5 days was associated with e-cigarette use [odds ratio (OR), 5.328; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.377-11.941]. Dual users demonstrated higher quit attempts in the past year (OR, 1.600; 95% CI, 1.113-2.301). There was no difference between dual users and cigarette-only smokers in choosing an evidence-based quit method such as using a quit line or visiting a smoking cessation clinic. However, dual use was associated with use of NRT over the counter NRT use. Conclusion: There are no differences in employing an evidence-based smoking cessation method between dual users and cigarette-only smokers, despite the higher quit attempts in dual users. Further evaluation of the effect of NRT use as a quitting method on dual users is warranted.


The "on-time" degree completion crisis within the community college system is alarming. Only 5% of students graduate in two years (Complete College America [CCA], n.d.-a). Many community college students are low-income and racially and ethnically minoritized, and their graduation rates are low (CCA, n.d.-a). Community colleges around the country have begun to implement intervention strategies to improve on-time graduation and close attainment gaps. One of the most successful interventions implemented across the country has been a 15 to Finish campaign, a campus-wide effort aimed to increase the number of college students taking 15 credits per semester (CCA, 2016a). A comprehensive review of the literature and conversations with college professionals were conducted to better understand the factors that contribute to a successful 15 to Finish campaign. The findings indicated that a successful 15 to Finish campaign includes: (a) maintaining a high level of institutional commitment and effective leadership, (b) making the case with data, (c) reaching all key stakeholders, including students and their support systems, (d) providing professional development to internal stakeholders, (e) avoiding a one- size fits all model and accounting for the unique institutional culture, (f) sending clear messages, (g) providing incentives, and (h) engaging in continuous improvement efforts. Based on these findings, recommendations are provided for those who wish to increase on-time completion rates for community college students.


Take a test on Shooting Method of Ordinary Differential Equations. The test is based on six levels of Bloom's Taxonomy


Category: Ankle Introduction/Purpose: Tibialis anterior tendon (TAT) rupture causes substantial morbidity. Nearly 200 surgical cases have been reported in the literature since 1905 wherein primary repair was not achieved approximately 40% of the time due to post- debridement tendon defect size. The present study describes the clinical outcomes of augmented, half-thickness TAT segment transposition, a novel reconstruction technique for managing post-debridement TAT defect. The purpose was to assess this technique as an alternative to tendon transfer and allograft tendon interposition. Methods: IRB-approved, retrospective electronic medical record review of patients with attritional distal TAT rupture. In all cases, the post-debridement tendon defect prohibited primary repair or reinsertion and was managed by distal transposition of a half-thickness TAT segment to span the defect. This graft was secured with a six core suture end-to-end anastomosis. Then, this repair was augmented with human acellular dermal matrix allograft (Graftjacket®, Wright Medical Technology, Memphis, TN). A total of five patients were treated with this technique. One patient died of unrelated causes remote from surgery and one was lost to follow up. Three patients with a minimum one year follow up were included. Outcomes were assessed via observed range of motion, clinical motor power assessment, ability to heel walk 15 feet, visual analog scale pain score, Foot and Ankle Ability Measure score, postoperative complications, and patient satisfaction at one year. Outcomes data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The mean age was 68 years (range, 59 to 73 years). Two patients were female. Mean interval between injury and surgery was 59.3 days (range, 15 to 146 days). All patients regained symmetrical range of motion, medical research council grade 5 motor power and the ability to heel walk. Mean pain scores improved from 4.6 (range, 2.5 to 8.5) preoperatively to 0.7 (range, 0 to 2) postoperatively. Mean FAAM scores increased from 30.6 (range, 23.8 to 43.8) preoperatively to 78.7 (range, 72.6 to 97.6) postoperatively. No postoperative complications occurred. At one year, one patient was satisfied and two were very satisfied with their outcome. Conclusion: Although constrained by a small sample size, the present findings appear to indicate that this technique produces short term clinical results comparable to those described for other techniques for TAT reconstruction. Future work should assess if these results are reproducible and long lasting. Additionally, the relative value of saving donor site morbidity or the cost of allograft tendon in comparison to the added cost of the Graftjacket should be determined


An analytical study of complex stress-strain state of the steel twisted rope with point contact of wires is introduced. The rope under investigation is used as a prestressed reinforcement of concrete structures. Currently, the set of rules and regulations SP 52-102-2004 contains only two types of steel strands: K1400 and K1500, which are the ropes with line contact of wires. The length of the wires of outer layer in such ropes depends on the length of the wires of inner layer. And at the same time the wires of each new independent layer are longer than the wires of inner layer and, thus, the wires of outer layer are more deformable. Consequently, they are less loaded, since minimum stress occurs in the longest wires, and maximum stress occurs in the shortest wires because of the difference of deformation characteristics. The stress in the wires is always distributed unevenly. The length of the wires of outer layer does not depend on the length of the wires of inner layer in the ropes with point contact. That is, it is possible to choose the length of outer wires so that the difference of lengths (deformation characteristics) of wires of various layers will be minimal. In this regard, the difference of stress in wires of various layers will be minimal as well. Hence, the coefficient of the use of wires strength, which is the determining criterion for the optimization of prestressed steel strand structures, will increase


During mass production of concrete elements in a precast plant and during large concrete jobs on construction sites it can happen that the rheological parameters of concrete change drastically during concrete production when a new cement delivery is used. This phenomenon has been analyzed, the following article presents the results. High yield cement can be defined as a cement which generates a yield stress higher than the average yield stress plus the standard deviation within the test series. Low yield cement can be defined other as a cement which generates a yield stress lower than the average yield stress minus the standard deviation within the test series.


Pre-transplant screening of potential organ donors and recipients is an essential part of solid organ transplantation. The goals of pretransplant infectious disease screening are: (1) to identify conditions which disqualify either donor or recipient, (2) to identify and treat active infection pretransplant, (3) to define the level of infection risk in order to determine strategies for preventing post-transplant infection. Although there is general agreement on the major infections for which screening is performed, there is some variation between centers in types of screening utilized and actions taken as a result.


An air-cleaning system embodying activated charcoal filters was constructed for a large-scale 131I production facility at the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, for the purpose of removing 131I released continuously into the exhaust air stream from the production facility.The system was continuously operated for about 47 months, and changes in the removal efficiency of the 131I filter for the exhaust air stream was observed during this period.In one run of 131I production, the removal efficiency changed significantly, possibly due to a change in the chemical form of 131I released, accompanying the progress of the 131I production process.When operated at the maximum air flow rate of the filter, it showed an efficiency greater than 90% on the average over a period of 20 months.


Th is paper aims to discuss and articulate the relationship between cinema and psychoanalysis. To achieve this goal, it was analyzed the documentary Estamira, of Marcos Prado, 2006. Th e fi lm tells the story of a woman suff ering from mental disorders who had worked for years at the sanitary landfi ll (a dump) in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Cinema as an expression of art relates to various forms of psychoanalysis, they also deals with the subjectivity of those involved in fi lm production. Th e director, despite not having a prior intention, holds a place of psychoanalytic object and listens carefully, which resembles the function of an analyst. Estamira passes her narrative of true that is outstanding, but in the same time confuses and impacts. In psychosis, the case of Estamira, the delusions is an answer for traumatic events that could not be assimilated, they are responses to circumstances of great suff ering. Th e character elucidates the mechanism of delusion, showing that the only possible response to the violence she experienced was the delusions and hallucinations.


In this paper, a new image fusion algorithm based on non-subsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) is proposed for the fusion of multi-focus images. The selection of different subband coefficients obtained by the NSCT decomposition is critical to image fusion. So, in this paper, firstly, original images are decomposed into different frequency subband coefficients by NSCT. Secondly, the selection of the low-frequency subband coefficients and the bandpass directional subband coefficients is discussed in detail. For the selection of the low-frequency subband coefficients, the non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) method is adopted. For the selection of bandpass directional subband coefficients, a regional cross-gradient method that selects the coefficients according to the minimum of the regional cross-gradient is proposed. Finally, the fused image is obtained by performing the inverse NSCT on the combined coefficients. The experimental results show that the proposed fusion algorithm can achieve significant results in getting a new image where all parts are sharp.


An intervention involving psychosocial support during labor delivery and immediately postpartum to improve maternal and child health and increase the duration of exclusive breast-feeding is evaluated. The sample population consisted of 724 women 361 of whom belonged to the intervention group and 363 of whom served as controls. The intervention included the introduction of a "doula" a woman dedicated to the task of giving continuous physical and emotional support to primiparous women during labor and childbirth. The study found that the provision of psychosocial support to a woman during labor and delivery decreases the length of labor (3.83 hours in the intervention group and 4.8 hours in the control group). Moreover mothers in the intervention group demonstrated a much greater control over their experience than others. Prevalence of exclusive breast-feeding at 1 month was significantly higher among the intervention group (12%) than the control group (7%).


Recently, hundreds of teachers, parents, students, and community activists, most of them members of the Organization for Justice in Teaching (OJT) gathered in front of the urban school district headquarters in Los Angeles, California. These educational activists were responding to a set of educational priorities proposed by the California State Department of Education, Governor Gray Davis, Superintendent Roy Romer, and the local school board. These priorities collectively mandate the yearly standardized testing of students, scripted reading programs, and student retention, along with other education reforms that remain in contention today. Among the hundreds of activists were five alumni from the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Teacher Education Program (TEP), the group of activists this study focuses upon "whose advocacy of social justice . . . illuminate[s] their pedagogical practices'' (McLaren & Baltodano, 2000, p. 57). Becoming transformative educators and working for social justice are central tenets of the UCLA TEP. The program's recruitment document declares that one of TEP's goals is to "prepare teachers to have the commitment, capacity, and resilience to promote social justice, caring and instructional equity in low-income, urban schools'' (UCLA Graduate School of Education, 2000). Cochran-Smith (1997) asserts that teachers who work for social justice also work for the transformation of society's "fundamental inequities.''We maintain that many social justice educators are, in fact, teacher activists in political and social movements working to bring about changes in educational policies that they perceive to be unjust. UCLA TEP began with a set of nonnegotiable principles. Among these ideals is an explicit reference to the embodiment of a social justice agenda, defined as follows:


Protibaadi, which addresses the issue of women's safety in public places, is a system consisting of a portable device which remotely activates a mobile application. The existing safety apps draw attention and it is risky to bring out cell phones in front of the harasser to seek help. Protibaadi allows the users to carry a hidden device inside a pouch which can either be worn or clipped to the user's bag.


Abstract: Based on preliminary investigations on the hot water requirement for Danjawa village in Wamakko local Government in Sokoto State Nigeria latitude 13o, a Solar water heating system was designed, constructed, and installed at the primary health Centre. Two flat plate collectors of 1m2 each was constructed using locally available materials, the collectors were covered with single glazing of transparent glass. The surface of the collectors was darkened with black dull paint of emissivity of 0.95 to improve its absorption capacity. Assumed daily global solar radiation incident on horizontal surface of about 750W/m2 in the month of December was adopted for the design of 250-liter capacity hot water storage tank with an additional 500 liters capacity cold water storage tank. The collectors were connected in series and assume to operate on the same efficiency. The three collectors were expected to heat water from a temperature of 25oC to at least 70oC for various applications in the health Centre.


Abstract Allometric relationships between calcified structures and total length of round goby Neogobius melanostomus were determined from a sample of fish ranging in total length from 53 to 152 mm. Each of the 10 allometric equations gave coefficients of determination (r 2) that were greater than 0.80 and highly significant. The equations with the most predictive ability were those relating total length to cleithral, opercular, mouth, and pharyngeal bone measurements. Round goby remains were found in the stomachs of 10 predator species from the Bay of Quinte, Lake Ontario. Round goby were ingested most often by yellow perch Perca flavescens (40% of the stomachs examined) and largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides (27%) and less frequently by other predators. Round goby calcified structures most frequently found in the stomachs of predators were mouth parts (premaxilla and dentary), pharyngeal bones (dentigerous plate and pharyngobranchial plates), and otoliths. The predictive equations, diagnostic features...


Morocco's climate encompasses a wide range of weather conditions over a broad geographic scale that can improve the performance of the solar adsorption refrigeration system. Solar energy technologies have attracted worldwide attention because of their non-polluting nature. Also, Solar refrigeration based on adsorption cycles is simple, silent and adaptable to small, medium or large systems. Application potentials include storage of vaccines for immunization against deadly diseases, conservation of food products for future use and ice making. This paper illustrates a new design to improve the performance of the solar adsorption machine to achieve a good thermal efficiency with an emission of approximately zero CO2. The mechanism of this design is based on dual phases: desorption and adsorption. The new solar collector will have to convert solar energy into heat and provide the effective temperature for a longer period of time than that obtained by a plan solar collector.


The temporal structure function and the autocorrelation spectrum of scintillations are analyzed with allowance for the instantaneous velocity structure of the solar wind. It is established that the temporal spectrum of scintillations in the asymptotic frequency region is determined both by the spatial turbulence spectrum and by the velocity distribution phi(V) in the medium: for steep enough distributions phi(V)approx.V/sup -d/, d>..cap alpha..: - 1 (..cap alpha.. is the exponent of the spatial turbulence spectrum), the shape of the temporal scintillation spectrum is determined by the turbulence spectrum; in the case of d<..cap alpha..: - 1 the shape of the temporal spectrum is determined by the spatial velocity distribution, in which case the structure function and the scintillation spectrum differ considerably from those for the case of uniform motion of the medium.


This paper discusses the relationship between the differentiation of ferruginous accumulations and the variable water saturation of footslope soil patterns. An analysis of the slope morphology of a typical hill in the forest zone of southern Cameroon and a seasonal survey of the levels of groundwaters, springs and rivers were considered in relation to the petrology of different soil patterns. The study site is a tabular hillock whose slopes present a progressive development from steep to gentle slopes. The variable residence time of water within the soil, creating an alternation of reducing and oxidizing conditions, affects soil chemistry, structure and lateral extension of the soil patterns. The ferruginous soil patterns, being formed on the footslopes, gradually increase in extent with decreasing slope angle and the relative rise of the groundwater level. The steep footslopes, where groundwater has a shorter residence time, show a soft mottled clay pattern, restricted to the bottom part of the slope. The moderate footslopes exhibit a deep permanent and a temporary perched groundwater table. The latter, with its regular capillary fringe, contributes to more reducing conditions within isolated domains in the soil patterns, and thus to the alternation with oxidizing conditions, generating a continuous hard soil pattern (massive carapace). The more gently dipping footslopes exhibit groundwater levels near the surface and also a significant amplitude of groundwater fluctuation. Iron, previously accumulated in moderate footslope patterns, is reduced, remobilized, and leached. The soil patterns formed develop into a variegated carapace, more extended along the slope, containing less iron, but nevertheless more hardened, due to the important fluctuations of the groundwater table. These patterns are limited to the zone of groundwater fluctuation and deteriorate as the water fluctuation zone recedes. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Nutritional composition and phenolic compound profile of three different rice types denoted locally as Crown (CR), Narica (NR) and Pabenjeda (PR) grown in Sudan were assessed. Different analysis was carried out including: proximate composition, minerals elements, sugars, essential amino acids and phenolic compound. The results obtained revealed significant (p<0.05) difference in components between the three different rice varieties. Crown rice (CR) contained the highest levels of protein, ash, glucose, sucrose, fructose, Lysine, Methionine, Phenyl alanine, Tyrosine, Leucine, Isoleucine, Therionine, Na, K and Fe. While the highest carbohydrate, cyctine, isoleucine, valine and Zn were recorded for Pabenjeda rice (PR). Regarding fat, Ca and Mg data showed that Narica rice contained the highest level of them. Crown rice had the highest total phenol value of 100 (µ /g GAE) as compared with the other local rice varieties. Pabenjeda rice recorded 40(µ /g GAE total phenol. While Narica rice was recorded the lowest total phenol level. Therefore, nutritional components of tested local rice were type or variety dependent. Thus the findings support selection of the suitable local rice types for food formulation based on their nutritional components and amount existing.


This work examines the role of women's organizations in the 2000 elections in Croatia in an effort to understand when and how they play a significant role in promoting democracy and, in particular, the election of female candidates. Croatia offers a crucial case for the study of gender and democratization because it challenges two significant generalizations from the comparative literature on postcommunist transitions: first, that women's organizations have been more likely to succeed in postcommunist countries where democracy has proceeded the furthest and, in particular, where ethno-nationalist conflict and ideologies are least salient; and, second, that widespread opposition to gender quotas in postcommunist countries prevented their use as a tool for promoting women's equality. What conditions were present that facilitated the effectiveness of women's organizations in Croatia in promoting their goal of electing more women? Four factors are key to explaining their success: the organizational strength and unity of women's organizations; the extent of involvement by international organizations and donors; the perceived central role of women's organizations in democratization; and, finally, the character of their alliances with political parties.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Thirteenth Berkshire Conference on the History of Women, Scripps College, June 2–5, 2005. I would like to thank Lisa Baldez, Karen Beckwith, Charlie Kenney, Carol Lilly, Andrew Halterman, and three anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments on earlier drafts of this article.


The rocks of Brown County, central Texas, range from Strawn group (middle Pennsylvanian) to Wolfcamp series (lower Permian (?)). They are cyclic marine deposits of sandstone, shale, and limestone and channel deposits of conglomerate, sandstone, and shale. Fusulinids range from Fusulina through Triticites to Schwagerina. The best-defined faunal break in the sequence is at the top of the Strawn group. Lenticular sands near the top of the Strawn are highly petroliferous and channel sand and pinching marine sands higher in the section contain local accumulations of oil. Some oil is found in traps caused by facies changes and in lenticular sands of Marble Falls (lower Pennsylvanian) age. End_of_Article - Last_Page 2626------------


Throughout history, the right to education has been a determining and unquestionably necessary factor for the improvement of people; however, as a socio-political process, it has not been free of adversities. In this sense, for more than six decades, Colombia has lived in the context of an internal armed conflict.


PISCES Policy Innovation Systems for Clean Energy Security (PISCES) has been a five-year Research Programme Consortium funded by the UK's Department for International Development (DFID) and has developed new knowledge for the sustainable use of bioenergy to improve energy access and livelihoods in poor communities. PISCES was led by the African Centre for Technology Studies (ACTS), Kenya with lead partners Practical Action, M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF), the University of Dar es Salaam and the University of Edinburgh, together with a network of national and international partners and collaborators.


This paper reports on social research investigating perceptions concerning the diversion of urine from the waste stream and its use as fertilizer in two study regions, New England and the Upper Midwest. We hypothesized that discomfort or disgust might affect acceptance of such a shift in human "waste" management. However, our findings suggest that a more significant concern of those potentially involved in this process may be distrust of how economic interests influence scientific and technical information. Both physical risks (to the environment and public health) and socio-political risks (to fragile farm economies and consumer communities) play out at individual, household, regional, and global scales. We describe the intersection of these complex understandings as nested risks and responsibilities that must inform the future of urine reclamation. Our respondents' shared concern about environmental risks has already galvanized communities to take responsibility for implementing closed-loop alternatives to current agricultural inputs and waste management practices in their communities. Attention to these nested understandings of both risk and responsibility should shape research priorities and foster participatory approaches to urine nutrient reclamation, including strategies for education, planning, regulation, technology design, and agricultural application.


SUMMARY

At Woburn, Beds, in 1967, potato tubers formed and grew in dry soil except after rain between 23 and 26 June. At lifting, Majestic tubers were severely and uniformly scabbed, except for distinct bands free from lesions. The position of the bands differed depending on the date when tubers started to form; they were further from the stolon attachment when tubers formed early and nearer it when tubers formed late.

Samples taken in June and July showed that the scab-free band and the late June rain were related. From 25 June to 1 July the soil was probably wet enough to prevent Streptomyces scabies infection, but only one or two tuber internodes remained free from infection; they were the internodes that began to expand about a week before the rain. Internodes that formed while the soil was wet became scabbed, showing they were still susceptible to S. scabies after the soil had dried again.

Recent work on lenticel formation has suggested a hypothesis to explain these results.


ABSTRACT This paper focuses on educational policy and language learning in compulsory education in the European context, and suggests how multilingualism can be addressed more effectively. The wider policy landscape has influenced language education in Europe over the past 25 years, in particular through the policies of the Council of Europe and the European Union (EU). However, research conducted in the past decade shows that, despite numerous policy initiatives, it has proved difficult to develop multilingual language skills to the necessary proficiency levels through formal education. Part of the challenge is in aligning the macro and micro aspects of policy, and to address this problem, I argue that we need to approach language education from an ecological perspective, with emphasis on plurilingual repertoires, and taking into account new perspectives on multilingualism covered in this special issue. Language professionals need to reimagine the ecology of language learning to reflect heteroglossic realities in society and to link macro and micro contexts more effectively. To achieve this, language learning and assessment need to change to provide a theory of action, and it is suggested that the adoption of Learning Oriented Assessment supported by digital technology provides new opportunities to put this approach into practice.


In the south of Japan, 5 of the many islands in Nagasaki Prefecture are home to 27 traditional Japanese whaling songs. Mapping and thematic analysis of these songs in relation to the broader nationwide corpus of folksongs in general, and whaling songs in particular, reveals the importance, geographical spheres and character of the islands of Nagasaki Prefecture within Japanese whaling heritage as a whole. Relative to the rest of Japan, the islands have an abundance of whaling songs. These songs show signs of connectedness, having certain elements in common with (non-whaling) folksongs across the country and also have other elements in common with the songs of other whaling communities. Furthermore, a small number of unique elements are signs of local distinctions. Perhaps most significantly, the majority of themes present in the national corpus are also found in the Nagasaki Prefecture island songs, thus casting islands as an invaluable repository for this aspect of culture. In the Nagasaki case, islandness spawned a high density of whaling communities historically. More recently, the drive to nurture local and national culture has been faceted by differentiated contributions from these multiple communities. As a result, this study finds that small islands are not merely convenient units for research but that they play a central role in the holding of broader cultural phenomena.


A sensitive search has been carried out for the rare decay KL->/ie. This decay violates conservation of separate lepton-number and thus is forbidden in the Standard Model of electro-weak interactions. Many new models have been proposed which could permit this process. The data were collected in the B5 bearoline of the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron facility at the Brookhaven National Laboratory during the Spring, 1988 slow-extracted beam running period. The experiment was sensitive to approximately fifty million Kl ->7T7t decays. No K L~>/ie candidate events were detected. The 90% confidence level upper limit for the branching ratio is B(KL->/ue) < 2.2 x 10"10. This limit places a constraint on the mass of exotic particles proposed in many new theories.


A conjecture of Komlós states that for every graph H, there is a constant K such that if G is any n‐vertex graph of minimum degree at least (1 − (1/χcr(H)))n, where χcr(H) denotes the critical chromatic number of H, then G contains an H‐matching that covers all but at most K vertices of G. In this paper we prove that the conjecture holds for all sufficiently large values of n. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 23: 180–205, 2003


The paper discussed the impact of cellulase enzymolysis and ultrasonication on the extraction of resveratrol from amur grape residue,the research was investigated with the content of resveratrol as the guide and enzymolysis temperature,ultrasonication time,rate of solid to solution,and extraction time were analyzed.The extraction conditions based on single factor experiment were optimized by orthogonal design.The optimum extraction conditions were as follows:the cellulase enzymolysis temperature was 55℃,the ultrasonication time was 5min,the rate of solid to solution was 1:30 and the extraction time was 4h.Under these optimized conditions,the content of resveratrol was finally determined to be 1.187mg·g-1.The technology combined with cellulase enzymolysis and ultrasonication was inclined to be more effective for improving the content of resveratrol,compared with the individual operation of cellulase enzymolysis and ultrasonication.


Abstract The Nuclear Science Advisory Committee issued in August 2009 an Isotopes Subcommittee report that recommended the construction and operation of a variable-energy, high-current, multiparticle accelerator for producing medical radioisotopes. To meet the needs identified in the report, Oak Ridge National Laboratory is developing a technical concept for a commercial 70 MeV dual-port-extraction, multiparticle cyclotron to be located at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility. The conceptual design of the isotope production facility as envisioned would provide two types of targets for use with this new cyclotron. One is a high-power target cooled by water circulating on both sides, and the other is a commercial target cooled only on one side. The isotope facility concept includes an isotope target vault for target irradiation and a shielded transfer station for radioactive target handling. The targets are irradiated in the isotope target vault. The irradiated targets are removed from the target vault and packaged in an adjoining shielded transfer station before being sent out for postprocessing. This paper describes the conceptual design of the target-handling capabilities required for dealing with these radioactive targets and for minimizing the contamination potential during operations.


Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, clinically manifested by memory impairment, loss of ability in conducting daily activity and increased need for care, thus causing immense suffering for the afflicted and relatives, as well as a huge economic burden to the society. Despite the existence of symptom-relieving drugs, there is no drug that can stop the progression or cure the disease. Therefore, new disease-modifying drugs are called for. Epidemiological studies suggest that among persons with long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) there is a lower prevalence of AD, and there is extensive evidence for the presence of a chronic inflammation in AD, that may promote pathology and pathogenesis, presenting inflammation as a therapeutic target. Resolution of inflammation belongs to the last phase of the inflammatory response, where inflammation is down-regulated and return to homeostasis is promoted. Chronic inflammation can thus be a result of a failure in resolution mechanisms. The levels of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs), mediators of resolution derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), are decreased in chronic inflammatory diseases including AD, opening a new field of therapeutic intervention for AD by stimulating resolution of inflammation. In Paper I, studies on a human microglial cell line showed that both the omega-3 (n-3) FAs docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), increased microglial phagocytosis of β-amyloid 1-42 (Aβ42) peptide, and down-regulated the pro-inflammatory phenotype. In Paper II, we asked the question how Aβ42 affects the resolution of inflammation. We showed that Aβ42 is more suppressive on the resolution pathway in the human microglia compared to the inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), indicating that there is an impairment of resolution specific for this major molecular pathological hallmark of AD. Paper III describes lower levels of the SPMs maresin 1 (MaR1), protectin D1 (PD1) and resolvin (Rv) D5 in the entorhinal cortex in AD. Also, lipoxin A4 (LXA4), MaR1, RvD1 and protectin DX (PDX) exerted neuroprotective activity against staurosporine-induced apoptosis. MaR1 and RvD1 down-regulated Aβ42-induced pro-inflammatory activation in human microglia. Microglial phagocytosis of Aβ42 was increased by MaR1. Findings in Paper IV on the influence of apolipoprotein (Apo) E4 allele on the plasma SPM levels upon n-3 FA supplementation in AD patients, indicate that conversion of FAs to SPMs is not increased by supplementation with n-3 FAs, and showed that the proportion of patients with unchanged/improved cognition was higher in the n-3 FAtreated group compare to placebo, but only in ApoE4 non-carriers. In conclusion, these studies show that resolution of inflammation is impaired in AD, and support the idea that stimulating the resolution of inflammation is a potential therapeutic strategy in AD. LIST OF SCIENTIFIC PAPERS I. Erik Hjorth*, Mingqin Zhu*, Veronica Cortés-Toro, Inger Vedin, Jan Palmblad, Tommy Cederholm, Yvonne Freund-Levi, Gerd Faxen-Irving , Lars-Olof Wahlund, Hans Basun , Maria Eriksdotter & Marianne Schultzberg Omega-3 fatty acids enhance phagocytosis of Alzheimer's disease-related amyloid-β42 by human microglia and decrease inflammatory markers J Alzheimers Dis 35, 697-713. II. Mingqin Zhu, Xiuzhe Wang, Marianne Schultzberg & Erik Hjorth Differential regulation of resolution in inflammation induced by Aβ42 and lipopolysaccharides in human microglia J Alzheimers Dis 43, 1237-1250. III. Mingqin Zhu, Xiuzhe Wang, Erik Hjorth, Romain A. Colas, Lisa Schröder, Ann-Charlotte Granholm, Charles N. Serhan & Marianne Schultzberg Pro-resolving lipid mediators improve neuronal survival and increase Aβ42 phagocytosis Manuscript IV. Mingqin Zhu, Erik Hjorth, Veronica Cortés-Toro, Yvonne Freund-Levi, Maria Eriksdotter, Jan Palmblad, Tommy Cederholm, Marianne Schultzberg and the OmegAD Study Group Lipid mediators in plasma from AD patients receiving supplementation with n-3 fatty acids relation to ApoE4. The OmegAD study Manuscript * indicates equal contribution


The multiconfiguration Dirac–Fock (MCDF) method is used to systematically calculate the wavelengths and oscillator strengths for transitions among the levels belong to the 3s23p, 3s23d, 3s24s, 3s24p, 3s3p2, 3s3d2, 3s3p3d, 3s3p4d, 3s3d4s, 3s3d4p, 3s3d4d, 3p3, 3p23d, 3p24s, 3p24p, 3p24d and 3p3d4d configurations of Al-like Fe13+, Co14+ and Ni15+ ions. Good agreement is found between our calculation and the available experimental wavelengths. Then wavelengths and oscillator strengths of the Cu16+, Zn17+ and Ga18+ from n=3–4 transitions involved in these configurations are extensively reported for the first time. The configuration interactions in the Al-like ions are discussed. In particular, the mixing coefficients and level crossing between the 3s3p3d 4P3/2 and 3s3p3d 4D3/2 states in Al-like Co and Ni are investigated.


Purpose: To report recent progress toward developing and testing the VirtualDose software under the 'Software as a Service (SaaS)' platform for tracking and reporting patient CT doses. Methods: Many of existing tools for reporting CT dose are based on data derived from phantoms that are anatomically crude and ignore pediatric, obese and pregnant patients. Based on extensive original dose data derived from Monte Carlo simulations and computational phantoms including a new set of BMI‐adjustable obese patient phantoms, VirtualDose was designed under the 'Software as a Service (SaaS)' platform to provide a Web based software application to a large number of client users. Unlike the traditional software, SaaS does not require the installation of the software on a user's computer.Organ doses and effective doses are computed using ICRP Publication 60 and 103. Dosimetry capabilities for tube current modulation (TCM) protocols are included by integrating a DICOM information extraction function module. A new 'Service‐Orientated Architecture (SOA)' software developing pattern is adopted in designing and building the whole software architecture. The entire software framework was developed using Microsoft .NET platform. C# was used as the primary programming language in the development of the graphical user interface (GUI). Results: Testing of the VirtualDose package shows that the modern GUI accommodates for interactively displaying 3D phantoms and selecting scanner parameters. The patient (weight, age, gender) and scan parameter information(e.g., kVp, mAs, scan protocol, etc.) stored in the DICOM file can be automatically retrieved and imported into 'VirtualDose' to calculate the organ dose and effective dose for specific patients. After the dose calculation process is complete, the software will automatically summarizes various scan parameters and results in Microsoft Word ('.doc') format. Conclusions: The VirtualDose package shows improved patient organ dose database, software GUI design, reporting features, and software distribution mode when compared with existing tools. This project was supported by the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (R42EB010404).


Appropriate prescribing is an essential medical practice of physicians. However, physicians prescribing behaviors are likely to be affected by promotional activities of pharmaceutical industries and their representatives. In this paper, we sought to explore where physicians obtain information on pharmaceutical medicines; factors influencing their medication prescriptions; and experiences of prescribing. Three public hospitals and 28 doctors were purposively sampled. Structured in-depth interviews were conducted and data were transcribed and analyzed thematically. Results show that pharmaceutical representatives are the main sources of information on pharmaceutical drugs. Patient factors such as financial status; medical diagnosis and condition; and type of patient influenced physicians' prescribing practices. Physicians' experiences on drug prescription practices were mixed. Requests for prescriptions were mostly for over-the-counter medicines. Majority of physicians reported that patients' noncompliance ...


A three-dimensional analytical model has been established for the electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) materials based on microstrip structure. The EBG materials are constructed by drilling air holes through dielectric substrate or by placing dielectric blocks on a metal plate. The numerical simulation of bandgap characteristics has been performed using moment method and the Green's function is straightforward for this structure. Both the EBG structures have been studied. The results are compared to that using simplified 2-D model. The effect of the parameters on the bandgap characteristics has been studied.


This paper presents the influence of heat treatment modes on product quality parameters. The experiments were carried out on Cu-DHP pipes at various annealing temperature and time. Grain size and mechanical properties dependence on annealing mode were plotted for phosphorus-containing copper. Laboratory results were taken into account for setting process parameters and were industrially tested.


In order to analyze the immunogenicity of glycosylated envelope protein 5(GP5)from porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV),ORF5 gene fragment was amplified by RT-PCR from the PRRSV(GenBank: HQ701732.1).Based on the ORF5gene sequence,two pairs of primers were used to amplify two gene fragments,excluding the signal peptide sequence and transmembrane regions.The two gene fragments were cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a(+),and then the recombinant plasmid was transformed into Escherichia coli.The results of Western blotting and ELISA respectively showed that the expression of GP5could be recognized by positive serum antibody of PRRSV,and corresponding antibodies of GP5protein could produce in the immunized BALB/c mice.Therefore,the recombinant GP5protein had good biological activity,and could provide fundamental data for the further study on the structure and function of GP5protein of PRRSV.


Huang-chin, the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georg., family Labiate, is used in Chinese medicine as an antipyretic and has been proved to have hypotensive action by recent workers. The sensory, macroscopical and microscopical characters are described in detail. The more important diagnostic features are: stone cells in the cork; fibriform sclerenchymatous calls in the cortex; spindle-shaped parenchyma cells in the xylem. The central part of the old root is usually decayed due to the formation of circles of suberized tissue.


Purpose and objectives of the study: In this study, we aim to understand the influence of education on the frequency of buying luxury products, influence to buy luxury products and intention to purchase the same brand that they have previously purchased. Also we study the different luxury value dimensions and how these are influenced by education. Research Methodology: Data was collected from 1200 respondents in Mumbai. These people belonged to people of both genders, different occupations, income groups, religions, age groups, education and marital status. Results: It is found that there is a relation between education and the place from which they buy luxury brands. There is a significant difference in perception of financial value among people of different educational levels. There is a significant difference in perception of self-identity value among people of different educational levels. Managerial implications: Luxury brand companies can target the right target segment by understanding how education influences the purchase of luxury brands and whether there is any significant difference in financial value, functional value, individual value and social value with respect to education.


Introduction Ion channels are playing key roles in many physiological mechanisms ranging from the regulation of heart beat to the activity of neurons. A number of recent studies have also underscored the importance of various ion channels in the regulation of the cell cycle. To further study t he role of ion irradiation on ion channels in the context of cell cycle control we performed measurements of channe l activity in mammalian cells before and soon after irradiation. This was enabled by a portable patch-clamp  device, which can be easily set up close to the radiati on source. As a radiation source we used X-rays, low and high energy iron ions.


Complex formation between a carboxyl-terminated cascade polymer (generation 3) and several cationic polyelectrolytes of varying linear charge density was studied as a function of ionic strength, by turbidimetric titration and dynamic light scattering. Tetramethylammonium chloride was used to adjust the ionic strength in order to avoid sodium counterion binding to dendrimer carboxyl groups. Complex formation occurred abruptly at a critical pH, as signaled by a sudden change in either the turbidity or the apparent Stokes radius from dynamic light scattering. The pHc of incipient complex formation was converted to the critical surface charge density σc. Under conditions of low or moderate ionic strength (I), it was confirmed that σc is roughly proportional to κ/ξ, where κ ∼ I1/2 is the Debye−Huckel parameter and ξ is the linear charge density of the polyelectrolyte.


Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are important immune cells in the lung.Different sources and polarization states make AMs play diverse functions in varying environment.Under physiological conditions, AMs are responsible for keeping lower levels of inflammation and maintaining homeostasis in the lung, promoting optimal gas exchange.They also mediate an immune response to invade microbes during infection and adjust their immune state in the later stage to reduce tissue damage and restore homeostasis, but may drive pathogen persistence.This review discusses the origin, polarization and functions of AMs in pulmonary homeostasis and infection, so as to provide new ideas for therapeutic strategy targeting at AMs.

Key words:
Macrophages, alveolar; Origin; Polarization; Pulmonary homeostasis; Pulmonary infection


The team will be present at Solutions Intranet and RSE, from March 26 to 28, in Paris Porte de Versailles, stand B60, and during workshop and roundtables on ESN and collaborative intranet.


M 'ildred Taylor's 1987 novella The Gold Cadillac has received scant attention in studies of her fiction. Yet, the text plays a crucial role in the larger body of her work as a manifestation of her vision of the individual subject's relation to a larger community. More specifically, The Gold Cadillac presents a protagonist—'lois—and a series of events modeled in part on Taylor's own life experiences that invite her readers to consider how subjectivity (both hers as well as their own) is influenced by forces such as communal ties and kinship and how both individual subject and commu nity are shaped by pressures and contingencies of time and place that result in potentially problematic constructions of race and gender. In The Gold Cadillac, Taylor examines the emo tional and psychological tensions resulting from life in the segregated South of the 1950s by constructing a narrative style that relies on both a single voice—that of 'lois—and that of community of listeners and speakers. Taylor employs a complex mix of private and public speech to reflect and, at times, challenge the ways in which issues of race become embedded in the consciousness of her African American characters. Moreover, she uses private and public speech to tell a story designed to reach multiple audiences: black as well as white, children as well as adolescents and adults. Before turning to the novella itself, I want to elaborate on my use of the concept of public and private speech and its relation to Taylor's larger project in The Gold Cadillac. In her article, "Speaking in Tongues: Dialogics, Dialectics, and the Black Woman Writer's Literary Tradition," Mae Gwendolyn Henderson argues that African American women writers' works should be examined for their commen taries on the interrelationship between race and gender. She claims that black women's texts speak from a "multiple and complex social, historical and cultural perspective" which, in effect, constitutes black female subjectivity and that analysis of this multivalent subjectivity must take into account both a dialogic of differences and a dialectic of identity (344). Building on the works of Mikhail Bahktin, Barbara Christian, and Hans-George Gadamer, Henderson asserts that the writings of black women are expres sive of four key levels of discourse involving the relation of an individual self to a generalized "other" imagined to exist both outside and within the self. These four levels are: the self in competition with the


Problem statement: This study is concerned with a very important problem belonging in the effects of deformable inclined surfaces on a wheel with an elastic trunk. These effects can be represented by two effects: A lateral withdrawal of the trunk and lateral shift of the ground. Also this study aims to study these effects and analyze them mathematically to find a mathematical relation describes them. Approach: A free body diagram of the wheel which represented all forces affected is drawn then starting with the lateral component all angles are calculated, then by building a relations between these different angles and forces, the final relation is derived mathematically which describes the total deformation of the trunk. Results: It was found that inclination angle of the wheel with inclined surface has a nonlinear positive relationship with both trunk deformation and the displacement in x-direction. On the other hand the relation between the inclination angles with both rigidity factor of the trunk and ground volumetric factor is a non-linear negative relationship. Conclusion/Recommendations: The inclination angle was decreasing as both rigidity and ground volumetric factors are increasing. Inclination angle was increasing with the increase in both displacement (x) and trunks' deformation values. The study of trunk deformation was very important since it will lead to reconstruct the wheel system in the future to get more efficient system, and the slipping phenomenon will be easily analyzed in the future.


Cross sections for the reactions $sup 30$Si($sup 14$N,$gamma$)$sup 44$Sc/ subm/ and $sup 30$Si($sup 14$N,n)$sup 43$Sc have been measured at five bombarding energies in the 40 to 62 MeV range. Residual activities produced by the reactions are unique and sufficiently long-lived so that the reaction yields in thick targets of natural Si were measured off-line with a Ge(Li) detector. By unfolding the range-energy function, the cross sections were extracted from the yields. The capture cross section increases from 7.5 to 22 $mu$b over the bombarding energy range. The cross section for single neutron emission is 75 $mu$b and constant within the errors of this experiment. A Blann-Plasil code calculation resulted in a value that is a factor of 10$sup 3$ lower. The experimental results have been analyzed to determine an upper limit on the moment of inertia of the excited compound cleus. Values of the upper limit depend on the choice of optical model parameters and the radius parameter in the moment of inertia. (AIP)


The foundation of e-learning is formalized learning delivered via electronic devices like computers, tablets, smart phone, smart gazettes, etc. This makes it possible for everyone to learn round the clock, regardless of their location or other limitations. The learning materials that are available online are known as e-resources. There are several different electronic resources available for the study, including e-books, e-journals, emagazines, e-databases, e-newspapers, e-maps, etc. E-resource availability is always expanding. One need only sit at a console and click to access global information without any physical effort. As we can see, using online resources for a variety of objectives is necessary in today's world. Therefore, while determining their use, it is necessary to learn about the availability of different eresources utilized by students who use online / e-learning and how it impacts them for various reasons. Using the pre-structured questionnaire, data was collected from 250 students, from the Navi Mumbai area who were using e-resources. A theoretical construct was developed based on certain assumptions to explore the relationship between utilization and reasons for using e-resources, viz., time saving, easy to use, and helping to get better grades on the test and examination. The proposed construct was examined using SPSS version- 20. The demographic profile, objectives, and hypothesis were followed while doing the data analysis. The average values of chi-square test results for the reasons (time savings, ease of use, and helping students get better grades in tests and examinations) are calculated. These are found to be 0.016, 0.015, and 0.002 for the first variable (e-learning material), 0.141, 0.016, and 0.001 for the second variable (knowledge enhancement), and 0.182, 0.096, and 0.004 for the third variable (other eresources), respectively. The results of the data analysis shows the linkage between motives/ reasons of e-resources and its utilization. As the nature of education is predicted to become more hybrid in the future, similar research might be conducted to further identify the areas that need development in the realm of e-resources. Keywords—E-resources, Reasons/motives, Utilization, E-learning


Defects at the surface of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) give rise to electronic states within the gap, which are detrimental to charge transport properties of QD devices. We investigated charge transport in silicon quantum dots with deep and shallow defect levels, using ab initio calculations and constrained density functional theory. We found that shallow defects may be more detrimental to charge transport than deep ones, with associated transfer rates differing by up to 5 orders of magnitude for the small dots (1–2 nm) considered here. Hence, our results indicate that the common assumption, that the ability of defects to trap charges is determined by their position in the energy gap of the QD, is too simplistic, and our findings call for a reassessment of the role played by shallow defects in QD devices. Overall, our results highlight the key importance of taking into account the atomistic structural properties of QD surfaces when investigating transport properties.


We present a new procedure, using on-shell recursion, to determine coefficients of integral functions appearing in the one-loop scattering amplitudes of gauge theories, including QCD. With this procedure, coefficients of integrals, including bubbles and triangles, can be determined without resorting to integration. We give criteria for avoiding spurious singularities and boundary terms that would invalidate the recursion. As an example where the criteria are satisfied, we obtain all cut-constructible contributions to the one-loop n-gluon scattering amplitude, Anone−loop(...−−−+++...), with split-helicity from an = 1 chiral multiplet and from a complex scalar. Using the supersymmetric decomposition, these are ingredients in the construction of QCD amplitudes with the same helicities. This method requires prior knowledge of amplitudes with sufficiently large numbers of legs as input. In many cases, these are already known in compact forms from the unitarity method.


The current tourist trend is marked by the search for unique travel experiences, which influences a greater influx to sites of world heritage. This represents an opportunity for socio-economic development for local communities living within or near these sites, however any tourism initiative must surely be founded on the sustainable use of the site. Sustainable use of the site is bound to turn a competitive strategy, tourist destinations because they operate in a competitive environment and protected natural areas that support visitation, are not separate from this dynamic. In order to keep the tourist use within a safe margin that does not jeopardize the integrity of the site, managers put in place monitoring programs. This article analyzes the monitoring indicators applied in four national parks around the world that have the distinction of being world heritage site. The purpose of analysis was used to confirm that the indicators do not correspond to the three dimensions of sustainability and therefore would not be able to contribute to the competitiveness of tourist destinations enough.


The phylogeny of Alciopidae (Polychaeta) was reexamined using cladistic analysis with computer, the result was compared with Dales' and Rice's conclusions which derived from evolutionary taxonomy and numerical taxonomy respectively. It was found that the result of Cla-distics analysis was much similar to that of Dales' report rather than that of Rice's. Alciopa, Vanadis, Naiades and Torea were the four most specialized genera. Alciopina was the sister group of all other eight genera.


Studies of long-term exposure to multiple stressors on predator–prey interactions are necessary to determine the effect of coastal degradation on organisms that have had generations to adapt and acclimate to change. In New South Wales, Australia, a natural gradient of multiple stressors produced by acid sulfate soil effluent was used to determine the impact of exposure to multiple stressors on predator–prey dynamics between mud crabs Scylla serrata and Sydney rock oysters Saccostrea glomerata. Wild oysters were collected from two polluted and two reference sites that varied in their distance away from a flood gate that acted as a point source of water with low salinity, low pH and low alkalinity. Oysters from sites affected by multiple stressors and those from reference sites were offered to mud crabs in 48-h laboratory no-choice feeding trials. Oysters from affected sites had lower mortality than those from a reference site that was farthest from the source of polluted water. Linear models containing distance from flood gate best explained oyster mortality. Differences in rates of mortality were due to the decreased time crabs spent foraging on affected oysters. Long-term exposure to acid sulfate soil effluent alters trophic dynamics between predators and prey, which may have consequences for coastal food webs.


One of the limitations of boundary element methods (BEM) lies in their need for a fundamental solution. In many engineering problems, this function is not known analytically but constructed numerically. The corresponding precomputed
values are stored in tables and later – during the computation – the required values are interpolated. To overcome this drawback and to accelerate the computation of the BEM, a Fourier transformed boundary element method was proposed. The focus of this paper is the treatment of singular and hypersingular integrals of this Fourier BEM. It can be shown easily that all strong and hypersingular values cancel. The computation of the singular integrals is hence straightforward in the Fourier space and can be used in traditional BEM approaches.


We compare the proposals that have appeared in the literature to describe a measurement of the time of arrival of a quantum particle at a detector. We show that there are multiple regimes where different proposals give inequivalent, experimentally discriminable, predictions. This analysis paves the way for future experimental tests.


assessment of the literature on China's population, the features of the book that make it excellent as an introductory text for undergraduates or non-specialists become a limitation. The even-handed coverage of key debates such as the one over the impact of the one-child policy is an example. The presentations of opposing arguments are largely summaries with little effort to weigh the evidence or make an assessment. While this helps make the book more accessible, it also limits its usefulness as a resource for specialist readers. Similarly, while the tendency to rely on a relatively small selection of published studies when covering specific topics helps make the book readable, it means that the chapters are not exhaustive literature reviews like one might find in a state of the field article. Along with the heavy focus on state policy as the primary explanation for change and lack of consideration of historical or comparative context, this means that to have a more complete picture, the book would need to be supplemented with additional readings that offer alternative interpretations and embed China's recent experience in broader context.


Quantum chromodynamics at finite temperature and chemical potential is investigated nonperturbatively at large distance scales in terms of its three-dimensional effective theory, which for the gauge group SU(2) is the Georgi-Glashow-Polyakov model. It is shown that a global SU(2) symmetry breaks if the temperature is high enough and it is argued that this new transition most likely coincides with deconfinement. Some implications for quark-gluon-plasma physics are discussed.


This paper is devoted to the proof of the existence of the principal eigenvalue and related eigenfunctions for fully nonlinear uniformly elliptic equations posed in a punctured ball, in presence of a singular potential. More precisely, we analyze existence, uniqueness and regularity of solutions $( \bar\lambda_\gamma, u_\gamma)$ of the equation $$F( D^2 u_\gamma)+ \bar \lambda_\gamma \frac{u_\gamma}{r^\gamma} = 0\ {\rm in} \ B(0,1)\setminus \{0\}, \ u_\gamma = 0 \ {\rm on} \ \partial B(0,1)$$ where $u_\gamma>0$ in $B(0,1)\setminus \{0\}$, and $\gamma>0$. We prove existence of radial solutions which are continuous on $\overline{ B(0,1)}$ in the case $\gamma<2$, existence of unbounded solutions in the case $\gamma = 2$ and a non existence result for $\gamma>2$. We also give the explicit value of $\bar \lambda_2$ in the case of Pucci's operators, which generalizes the Hardy--Sobolev constant for the Laplacian.


Background: Iodine deficiency can cause brain damage and/or cognitive impairment in children. It is preventable and of public health concern. After sixteen years of universal salt iodization in Nigeria, we undertook this study in north-western Nigeria to determine: prevalence of iodine deficiency in school children, any relationship between iodine deficiency, goiter and intelligence quotient and iodine content of table salt from their households. Methodology: A cross-sectional study of school children aged 6-12 years. Data was collected using structured questionnaire. Enrolled children had physical examination and anthropometric measurements. Presence of goiter was clinically assessed using criteria jointly recommended by WHO, UNICEF and ICCIDD. Intelligence quotient was assessed using the "Draw-A-Man" test. Specimen of urine was obtained from each child and table salt specimen from their homes. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to analyze urinary iodine in μg/L. Iodine content of salt was semi-quantitatively analyzed. Results: A total of 544 children were studied. Their mean age (±1SD) was 9.5 ± 2.0 years. Median urinary iodine excretion (UIE) level was 148 μg/L. Forty-seven (8.6%) children had goiter. Three hundred and seventy- six (69.1%) children had normal body build. Of 118 (21.7%) children with adequate iodine status, 18 (15.3%) were stunted; a similar proportion in iodine deficient children. One hundred and thirty-four (57.0%) of 235 iodine-deficient children and 67 (56.8%) of 118 iodine-sufficient children had normal Intelligence Quotient. All household table salts contained iodine. Conclusion: There was no relationship between nutritional status and Iodine status; iodine status and intelligence quotient in study children.


EnglishThe hydrogeomorphological mapping is recommended by French Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable Development and Ministry of Equipment for determining flood risk zones. It applies the principles of the French 1/50 000 geomorphological map. It permits to localize the different river beds and to estimate flood risk. francaisLa cartographie hydrogeomorphologique est preconisee par le Ministere de l'Ecologie et du Developpement Durable et par le Ministere de l Equipement pour la determination des zones inondables. En s 'appuyant sur les principes de la carte geomorphologique de la France a 1/50 000, elle permet la reconnaissance des lits des cours d'eau et l'estimation de l'alea inondation.


Flux-integrated semiexclusive differential cross sections for charged-current quasielastic and neutral-current elastic neutrino scattering on argon are analyzed. The cross sections are calculated using the relativistic distorted-wave impulse approximation with values of the nucleon axial mass $M_A=1$ GeV and 1.2 GeV. The elastic scattering cross sections are also computed for different strange quark contributions to the neutral-current axial form factor. The flux-integrated differential cross sections as functions of reconstructed neutrino energy are evaluated for the far detector of the SBN experiment. The effects of the short base-line neutrino oscillations are taken into account in a 3+1 framework. We found that cross sections depend on oscillation parameters and the ratio of the measured and predicted cross sections can be used in a sterile neutrino oscillation study.


Abstract Legal challenges to the FDA's approval of mifepristone have destabilized patients' ability to access controversial medicines like medication abortion. We argue that federal courts' receptiveness to this litigation undermines the coherence and integrity of prescription drug regulation in the U.S.


Wind power forecasting has drawn increasing attention among researchers as the consumption of renewable energy grows. In this paper, we develop a deep learning approach based on encoder-decoder structure. Our model forecasts wind power generated by a wind turbine using its spatial location relative to other turbines and historical wind speed data. In this way, we effectively integrate spatial dependency and temporal trends to make turbine-specific predictions. The advantages of our method over existing work can be summarized as 1) it directly predicts wind power based on historical wind speed, without the need for prediction of wind speed first, and then using a transformation; 2) it can effectively capture long-term dependency 3) our model is more scalable and efficient compared with other deep learning based methods. We demonstrate the efficacy of our model on the benchmark real-world datasets.


Editorial for "Predicting Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Mutation Status in Gliomas Using Multiparameter MRI Radiomics Features" Gliomas, the most common brain tumors, are histopathologically graded as WHO grade I–IV with an increasing degree of malignancy. The grades are guidance for prognosis and treatment. However, in spite of identical morphologic criteria, tumors show highly different outcomes. Tumor aggressiveness is primarily influenced by its molecular genetic composition, which does not show up in conventional imaging features. Therefore, the most recent 2016 WHO classification of tumors is not only based on histopathological appearance but also on molecular parameters, among them isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status. The refined classification of tumors allows a more specific tumor treatment. MR as the modality of choice for detection and identification of intracranial tumors is commonly applied with imaging protocols that generally include T2-weighted (T2w), T2-fluidattenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), preand postcontrast T1w images, and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). 4 In general, images are analyzed based on visual inspection of position of the tumor, permeability of the blood–brain barrier as judged from contrast enhancement, lesion shape, and heterogeneity. More advanced techniques such as MR spectroscopy, susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), or quantitative mapping indicators such as the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) are used, if they are available. As a consequence of the impact of genomic alterations in gliomas, there is an ongoing quest for noninvasive analysis techniques that apply imaging markers, which relate imaging features with tumor type and subtype. A specific aspect is the determination of IDH mutation status, which correlates with the aggressiveness of low-grade gliomas. A direct method is MR spectroscopy, which directly shows metabolites that indicate the mutation status. Compared to MR spectroscopy the production of images is technically less demanding. Traditional visual inspection of MR images allows glioma characterization to a certain extent, but it does not reveal the IDH status directly. There are specific imaging features that correlate with altered metabolic processes of the tumor and thus contain the desired information. Examples are relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) imaging and mismatch of signal intensity distribution of T2w and FLAIR images (T2FLAIR mismatch). Also, subtle imaging features of common diagnostic protocols may indicate the IDH mutation status. This can be ascertained with the application of machinelearning techniques. It has been shown that features already exploited in image processing in the fields of satellite image analysis actually correlate with IDH status. Sensitivity and specificity depends on the right choice of a feature combination, and correct training of learning algorithms. The applicability of machine learning has been shown, for example, by Yu et al with a quantitative radiomics approach on 140 patients with grade II gliomas, applying two machine-learning algorithms (support vector machine [SVM] and AdaBoost) on 110 selected imaging features of the tumor as location, intensity, shape, texture, and wavelet features. This resulted in quite reliable discrimination of IDH1 mutation vs. IDH wildtype, with a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) of 0.86, based on T2 FLAIR imaging. A number of other groups present similar results on lowand high-grade gliomas with slightly different settings (see references in Yu et al and Peng et al in this issue). The low number of patients—typically about 100—is far from "Big Data"; thus, deep-learning algorithms have not been applied. The present work aims to find imaging markers for IDH mutation based on commonly available imaging methods. The authors repeated a multiparametric radiomics evaluation on 105 patients with grade II–IV gliomas with a setting slightly different from previous studies, based on postcontrast T1w, T2w, and arterial spin labeling (ASL) imaging, analyzed separately as well as all three combined. Testing three different feature selection methods, they showed similarly good discrimination. One setting was optimal, but there were only moderate differences between the tested settings. While the repeated success of the machine-learning approach, even with different settings, confirms that the chosen SVM methods do work in principle, several questions need to be considered. The main limitation is the fact that


miners' strike of 1984-85 are a reminder of the sorts of issues which could arise. There are omissions in the book. Professor Smith rightly notes that public order law is "a field whose boundaries are artificially set," and, for reasons which he sets out, there is no discussion of treason and sedition or of criminal libel and blasphemy. Terrorism and hijacking are not dealt with at any length. Surprisingly (perhaps) binding over orders—which are the subject of a Law Commission Working Paper of 1987—are given relatively little direct treatment, though cases such as Wise v. Dunning and especially Beatty v. Gillbanks raise much broader issues than the procedure and technicalities of binding over, and the author is well aware of these. The structure of the book is to a large extent dictated by the provisions of the Public Order Act 1986, covered in chapters 3 to 9 and parts of other chapters. There are 14 chapters in all, the first two of which are introductory and the remainder (most of chapters 10 to 14) ranging beyond the 1986 Act to other offences closely linked to problems of public order. This is a very sound and timely publication. Professor Smith keeps his feet firmly on the ground, but he puts public order law into a wider perspective and is hence better placed to offer analysis and advice on so many new areas of the law. The Public Order Act 1986 may not provide a code for public order but it has radically changed the relevant criminal law and provided a new scheme for the regulation of processions and meetings. Offences Against Public Order tells us what it is all about, and it tells it very well.


Questions are raised about certain experimental and theoretical claims that atoms may be stabilized into their bound states, and prevented from achieving full ionization, by the application of adiabatic, ultraintense, high-frequency laser pulses. It is pointed out that those authors have used the weak-field concepts of cross section and ionization rate in an ultra intense field regime where they have no physical significance.