Describing, prioritizing, and selecting alleles from large sequencing experiments remains technically challenging. SeqAnt (https://seqant.emory.edu) is the first online, cloud-based application that makes these tasks accessible for non-programmers, even for terabyte-sized experiments containing thousands of whole-genome samples. It rapidly describes the alleles found within submitted VCF files, and then indexes the results in a natural-language search engine, which enables users to locate alleles of interest in milliseconds using normal English phrases. Our results show that SeqAnt decreases processing time by orders of magnitude and that its search engine can be used to precisely identify alleles by phenotype, genomic structure, and population genetics characteristics.


This paper,taking the successful rebuilding case of a certain old dock in Zhenjiang Port as an example,summarizes the common technical difficulties in dealing with the bounding of the new structures with old ones of docks through design and construction practices of four typical boundings such as the pile cap,track beam's joint,sewage tank and track beam's support.It also expounds the corresponding treatment measures and application of some new technologies.


We report an investigation, performed in the full composition range x=0–1, of the change in infrared reflectivity spectra of AlxGa1−xN layers deposited on 6H–SiC substrates. We have found two different transverse E1(TO) phonon frequencies that can be assigned to AlN-like and GaN-like modes. The composition dependences of these frequencies can be well approximated by linear functions and the oscillator strengths scale like the corresponding Al and Ga mole fractions, respectively. On a purely experimental basis, this establishes evidence of a two-mode behavior for this controversial alloy system. The frequencies of the impurity mode of Ga in AlN (622 cm−1) and of the impurity mode of Al in GaN (643 cm−1) were determined.


This paper proposes an identification methodology to distinguish between pure and adulterated palmyrah palm juice. The resonance behavior of the palmyrah palm juice has been investigated through numerical electromagnetic simulation. From the scattered response, the natural frequencies of the palmyrah palm juice are extracted. The identification can be performed by cataloging and comparing these pre computed library of the natural resonant frequencies associated with the standard palmyrah palm juice to check for the quality of the samples to be tested.


Britannica on the Web The Web recently witnessed an important event in its continuing development. The Encyclopedia Britannica (http://www.eb.com/), a venerable work of reference, decided that it could no longer survive as a printed work. It took all its content online and made it accessible by subscription. The Web is becoming increasingly important as a research tool, the mythical global encyclopedia which was trumpeted in the early years of the "Information Superhighway". The Web is gradually becoming a massive reference source; perhaps not one of the highest scholarly standard, but quite a useful one nonetheless. Search engines are improving constantl)~ driven by competition to be more useful to users. Many publications place their archives and current content online, and many of these are freely accessible. This is particularly useful for those who work in the field of computing, where articles, reviews and reference material for all sorts of topics are easily available. Many organisations have converted their documents to HTML to place them online. When the Web began to take off, I used to question the value of much of what was there, pointing out that if it was without cost, it was also likely to be without value. Many Web sites were simply there because they needed to be. This is changing, and rapidly. Some reference sites are there as a public services (for example, government departments). Some are there because they help the company better serve the customer (for example, product manual sites). Some are there because they are a money-making proposition, being supported by advertising. An obvious concern with relying on such commercially-motivated information sources is how dependable it is. We are currently seeing massive mergers in the area of Internet content provision, with the AOL/Time Warner merger being still recent at the time of writing. How much can we rely on AOL to report objectively on new Warner releases? I'm not sure this matters there are more than one source of information out there, which are just as subject to bias and conflict of interest as those in any other medium. Provided we read with our critical judgement engaged, we should not be adversely affected, and this is a caution that we should also exercise while reading in any print-based medium. Indeed, as I found when researching my column on the Kosovo crisis for Computers & Society, June 99, the Web provides easy access to quite differing viewpoints. Where does this leave the printed word? There are those who will see this change as part of a devaluation of the book, and predict a world where research will become the collection of virtual soundbites from Web sites. I do not think this will happen, however, unless the quality of material available online is sufficient for large-scale use on this level. The nature of research, and the way we regard the printed word, is changing, but not necessarily for the worse.


Purpose
Construction projects in India continue to suffer excessive delays. This paper aims to investigate the delay causes in India by project sector (transport, power, buildings and water) and carry out a comparative study of delay causes in design build (DB) projects with that of design bid build (DBB) projects along with mitigation measures.

Design/methodology/approach
A questionnaire survey was conducted among major clients, contractors and consultants in India. Importance Index was used for ranking of the delay causes. Projects were categorized based on the type, and causes of delay in each project type were identified. Projects were also categorized based on type of contract, and delay causes in DB and DBB projects were compared. Statistical analysis of responses by Cronbach's alpha, one-way analysis of variance, Kruskal–Wallis tests was carried out with Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with senior industry professionals to develop exhaustive mitigation measures.

Findings
The research findings indicate finance-related causes as the most critical causes of delay in Indian projects. Delay in settlement of claims, contractor's financial difficulties, delay in payment for extra work/variations by owner, late payment from contractor to subcontractor or suppliers, variation orders/changes of scope by owner during construction and changes in design by owner were the highly ranked delay causes. The research found no significant difference in the delay causes in DB and DBB projects.

Originality/value
This is the first study wherein delay causes for various project types within a single country are identified. In addition, the study has identified and compared the delay causes in DB projects and DBB projects. Mitigation measures developed in this study will help professionals and project managers not just in India but other developing countries as well to alleviate delay causes and in improvement of project timelines.


A new method of determining virilizing properties in steroids was described. Sagittal serial sections were made of the fetuses whose mothers had been treated during pregnancy. The following criteria were recorded for the purpose of classifying the stage of virilization:length of septum urovaginale; anogenital distance measured in histologic preparations; epitheliomae in the caudal district of the vagina; course, length and shape of the urethra, and, secondarily, behavior of the corpora cavernosa and changes in shape of the clitoris. Based on the measured and estimated sizes, as well as on the topographic arrangement of the genital organs, 5 different stages of virilization were distinguished.


Epithelioid haemangioma (EH) arising from the skin is a benign vascular tumour with marked inflammatory cell infiltration, which exhibits a high tendency to persist and frequently recurs after resection. So far, the underlying pathogenesis is largely elusive.


A setup for broadband measurements of dispersion parameter in optical fibers based on the Mach–Zehnder interferometer is developed. Tm-doped fiber pumped at 1.61  μ m was used as a source of broadband emission, that allowed to achieve the measurement spectral range of 1700 to 2000 nm. The method is applicable for comparatively short pieces of optical fiber with lengths of less than 1 meter. The method was successfully tested for the standard telecommunication SMF-28 fiber .


The development of internet technology endows network public praise with new characteristics different from traditional pub-lic praise.It is significant for the enterprises to take public-praise marketing.The enterprises should take effective marketing strategies according to the features of network public praise,combine consumers' compliment and confidence with their public-praise behavior based on the characters,help the consumers become volunteer propagators and free consultants of enterprises,and finally improve en-terprise image,brand awareness and esteem,and sales promotion.


The present Monographic Test must like intention make a documentary revision of the methods and techniques of Qualitative Investigation commonly used for the execution of investigations in the social scope. The following approaches will be reported: The Hermeneutics, the Reflective Ethnography, the Founded Theory, the Investigation Action Participative, the Etnometodology, the Oral History and of Life and the Historical Investigation. For the profit of such intention part of the structural analysis of the expression "Physical education", in order to analyze it from the linguistic and epistemological optics, to determine the proportions it like discipline; this later, will allow to associate the utility of the methods of qualitative tendency for the investigation work in the discipline Education physical.


There currently exists significant methodological issues within CM research, criticised for lack of theoretical grounding and advocacy considerations resulting in uncritical research agendas (Galloway, 2009; Belfiore & Bennett, 2010). These concerns have historically permeated the CM field, and are perceived to have worsened in CM's acceptance of public sector funding from the 1970s onwards (Kelly, 1984). A research culture of 'resource' orientation over 'active reflexivity' prevails, in which the evaluation of outcomes are
emphasised over the understanding of processes of CM engagement (McKay & Higham, 2012). This dissertation explicitly focuses on these processes of engagement. The adoption of an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) framework set out by Smith, Jarman & Osborn (1999) aimed to understand CM experiences in the 'wider social, cultural and theoretical context' of participants' lives (Larkin, Watts & Clifton, 2006). Through this, the accounts of Take 5 Voices, an inter-generational community choir based in Bulwell, north Nottingham, are heard. Identified themes include degrees of formality within CM, the 'team' in Team Take and barriers to CM engagement. Exploring the 'essence' of participant
experience through IPA resulted in findings that highlight pressing matters of discourse within CM. These include the field's relations with formalised music education and questions concerning the core intents and purposes of CM research. Future research could further
explore a symbiotic relationship development between IPA and the CM field, focusing on processes of engagement over the identification of outcomes.


Generation of numerical estimates of the within- and between-subject components of random biological variation has been studied for over four decades. These estimates are applied to set analytical performance goals for imprecision, bias and total analytical error, examine the utility of conventional population-based reference values through investigation of individuality, and assess the significance of changes in serial results from an individual using reference change values. The number of publications still appearing on newly- and well-studied analytes shows the ongoing interest in biological variation. Moreover, the classic works continue to be well cited. New concepts appear regularly. Applications of numerical data are facilitated by the availability of a database ( www.westgard.com/biodatabase-2014-update.htm ) that is updated every two years. However, there have been criticisms over recent times regarding the validity of these data, particularly the heterogeneity of estimates of the components of variation published for a single analyte. This has led to recent publication of the methodology used to generate the database and a plea for harmonisation and standardisation of terms and symbols. A Working Group of EFLM aims to improve the performance of studies by dissemination of a check-list that will stimulate better execution and documentation. Biological variation does remain relevant.


In 2013, an expert group appointed by the Commission encouraged the EU and its Member States to overcome innovation barriers in the public sector by, for instance, improving the management and ownership of innovation processes, empowering innovation actors, and providing standards for innovation. In this context, the EU has been implementing its innovation union policy, promoting best practices and co-financing the establishment and activities of the Observatory of Public Sector Innovation (OPSI) of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). While today many of the expert group's recommendations have been implemented – such as innovation labs and networks, policy labs, innovation scoreboards or toolboxes – some, however, remain unaccomplished.


In this paper, we present a low-cost (less than $5) real-time music beat tracking system using Arduino open source hardware. The beat tracking system uses KY-037 sound sensor to read sound signals from Arduino's #1 analog input pin, and control the flag LED and beat LED through Arduino's #7 and #8 digital output pin. With an adjustable threshold parameter, the music beat tracking system will constantly try to recognize the music beat interval when playing music. A red LED (beat LED) will be blinking according to the beat when the music beat is recognized successfully. The music beat tracking system is open sourced and the hardware design and software startup code for the music beat tracking system is available for public access through the free online service.


Objective To analyze the perioperative complications of endovascular repair of aortic dissection and to investigate their precautions and treatment.Methods Seventy eight aortic dissection patients hospitalized from June 2001 to May 2005 received endovascular repair.There were 71 males and 7 females with average age of(52.7±12.3) years(31-80 years).The 78 cases included 76 DeBakey Ⅲ dissection and 2 DeBakey Ⅰ dissections.The incidence and charateristics of complications during and 30 days after the operation were analyzed.Results Complications happened in 15 cases including three cases of ascending aortic dissections.The incidence rate of complications was 3.8% which occurred during the procedure,1 day and 7 days after the operation respectively.Two cases died of cardiac tamponade due to rupture of the aortic dissection.There were 5 incomplete sealing of the primary tear.Two patients had acute renal failure and one of them died.One patient had acute cerebral infarction during the procedure.One patient showed cerebral haemorrhage 7 days after endovascular repair and died.Femoral artery injury occurred in 1 patient and angioplasty was needed.One patient had left arm transient ischemia and one patient had pseudoaneurysm of the left brachial artery.A total of 4 cases deceased within 30 days after the operation and the mortality rate was 5.1%.Conclusion Perioperative complications of endovascular repair of aortic dissection were serious and show a relatively high occurrence rate.


As statistical data is becoming more accessible, available in bigger and more complex datasets and can be analysed and interpreted in so many ways, opportunities exist for modernising the development processes for statistical classifications and its responsiveness to emerging user demands. Metadata modelling along with the use of semantic software tools enables significant advances to be explored in the way that traditional statistical classifications are developed, maintained, updated and implemented. The system of economic statistics is one where there is overlap in concepts, definitions, classifications and metadata which often makes search and discovery by non-expert users challenging. New methodologies for managing and describing data, and the categories to which they are classified can benefit from a greater uptake of semantic web technology, such as Simple Knowledge Organisation Systems (SKOS), and Resource Description Frameworks (RDF). This paper explores new approaches to statistical classifications and their role in the future of economic statistics through the use of metadata, conceptual and entity modelling rather than the traditional methodology of hierarchically structured, sequentially code based statistical classifications.


Allocative and redistributive rules in the public sector are often less contingent on available information than normative theory would suggest. This paper offers a political economy explanation. Under different rules, even if the observable outcomes of policies remain the same, the informational content which can be extracted by these observations is different. Simpler rules are more transparent because they allow citizens to gain more information on politicians. Since there are limits to what voters can observe, this may be a relevant insight into the functioning of the political system.


Jerusalem artichoke is a perennial crop, but it is grown as an annual crop for its inulin containing tubers. Various factors affect inulin content, in which storage duration is one of the significant causes. Therefore, the effect of different storage durations on inulin content of Jerusalem artichoke was investigated in this study. Four Jerusalem artichoke varieties were assigned as factor A, and six durations of storage at 5 oC were assigned as factor B. The 24 treatment combinations of a 4×6 factorial were arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications. After harvest, the tubers were cleaned and stored at 5 oC for five months. Inulin content was analyzed consecutively at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 months after storage. Times of storage and varieties were significantly different (P<0.01) for inulin content. Stored tubers had inulin contents ranging from 35.9 to 43.7 % compared to 47.8 % of freshly-harvested tubers. The lowest inulin content was found after 2 months of storage. JA 89 had the highest inulin content (47.80%), whereas CN52867 had the lowest inulin content (35.85%). Regression analysis showed small and insignificant effect of storage time on inulin content, and the results are discussed. The results will be useful for consumers and industries for their concern on storage loss of inulin content after storage


Chloroplasts differentiation and development are highly coordinated with their host cells. To better elucidate the mechanisms involved in nuclear-chloroplast interactions, we characterized a nuclear encoded leaf variegation mutation called var2. While cotyledons appear normal, true leaves of var2 emerge as yellow, then turn into green-white sectors. The green sectors contain cells with normal chloroplasts, whereas the white sectors contain cells with abnormal plastid lacking of internal membrane structures. The phenotypes suggested that VAR2 might be involved in thylakoid biogenesis in early chloroplast differentiation. We cloned the VAR2 gene by a map-based method. Five original and two potential alleles were sequenced. Deduced amino acid sequence of VAR2 revealed that it belonged to a gene super family called AAA-ATPase and especially shared high homology with a subfamily of AAAATPases called FtsH-like metallopeptidase. VAR2 protein contains three domains including two transmembrane segments on the N-terminus, an AAA-ATPase cassette, and a Zinc binding site for metallopeptidase. Chloroplast import experiments using in vitro translated VAR2 protein indicated that VAR2 is localized on the thylakoid membrane with its Cterminus facing the stroma. Northern and Western blots suggested that VAR2 was only expressed in photosynthetic tissues. Both genetic and biochemical analyses suggested that VAR2 forms homo-multimeric complex. The var2 variegation mechanism is discussed.


Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of human adenovirus type 55 infection and provide guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Method Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the clinical data of 80 patients with human adenovirus type 55 infection retrospectively. Results Human adenovirus type 55 infection preferentially affected young adults aged 18-29 years. The patients had an identifiable epidemiologic link to another confirmed patient. The most common symptoms were fever (100%), cough (92.5%), sore throat (88.8%), expectoration (85.0%) and fear of cold (78.8%). The most common physical sign was congestion of pharyngeal portion (88.8%). The number of white blood cells in the peripheral blood was normal or low, and the portion of neutrophilic granulocytes increased. Conclusions Human adenovirus type 55 infection may result in epidemic outbreak. The most common symptoms are fever, cough, sore throat and expectoration. The clinical course is generally mild and the patients have a good prognosis.


Research in the humanities and social sciences has impact, but investigating attitude and behaviour of the students are an enormous challenge. Studying this impact leads to a better appreciation of the role of instructors who teach the humanities and social sciences course in improving the teaching-learning process. This research, therefore, explored three aspects of students' opinions on students' attitude and behaviour to draw from these indicators to develop their teaching-learning process. Research samples were 351 TNI students in the second semester of 2016 academic year, derived through simple random sampling technique. The instruments used for gathering the data were the rating-scale and open-ended questionnaire. The statistics used for analyzing the data were frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, F-test, and content analysis. It is concluded statistically from this study that students' perception of their attitude and behaviour play a significant role in determining their learning outcomes in humanities and social sciences course, while the lecturers are of the opinion that learning environment is a factor which contributes significantly to the students' achievement in this course. The current study suggested that the instructors should create an attractive and enjoyable environment to get the students to dynamically involve in the classroom activities and learn the humanities and social sciences enthusiastically and efficiently.


We report the endovascular treatment of a 40-year-old woman with bilaterally thrombosed transverse sinuses and a dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) causing cortical venous reflux by recanalization, angioplasty and stent deployment of the occluded sinus segment followed by occlusion of the DAVF by stent deployment in the fistulous segment. By recanalization of the occluded sinus we re-established normal anterograde venous drainage and eliminated the venous hypertension and cortical venous reflux. After the procedure, the patient was treated with aspirin and clopidogrel for three months. A follow-up examination showed total occlusion of the DAVF, patency of the sinus and a complete resolution of the clinical symptoms.


Purpose: This paper presents the case for an analysis of communication at the supra-individual level as a means of rendering the understanding of learning and acting tractable. We introduce a method of analysis of redundancy to achieve this.Approach: We argue for a supra-individual approach to acting, learning, and understanding against focusing on an individual or quasi-transcendental 'observer.' The argument is outlined in four steps: (1) articulation of the dynamics of the communication system; (2) consideration of the redundancies of expectations within communication; (3) the computation of anticipation which enables us to model meaning processing; (4) the feedback of meaning processing on information processing can be measured as redundancy. Anticipated future states can reflexively drive reconstructions in meaning-processing systems. Implications: The social system can be considered as a symbolic order of coordination mechanisms. Reflexive agency can access this order and partake in it. However, expectations and their structures do not "exist," but remain uncertain with the status of hypotheses. Historical embodiment in intentional action is structurally coupled to the order of expectations. The historical instantiations condition and enable the further development of the expectations as a retention mechanism.Originality/value: The modeling and measurement of meaning processing in terms of inversion of the arrow of time and the generation of redundancy provide extensions to the mathematical theory of communication.


The article deals with the issues of determining the content of the dominant flavonoid in alcohol extracts from the leaves of Schisandra chinensis, which are not an official type of raw materials. The chromatodensitometric method (high-performance thin-layer chromatography) was used in the studies, which allows not only to detect adsorption zones on the sorbent layer, but also gives a quantitative assessment of the resulting separation directly on the chromatographic plate. Pre-selected chromatography conditions (solvent system ethyl acetate-methanol-water (77 : 15 : 8), chromatographic plate «Sorbfil PTSH-P-А-UV», a method of extraction of the studied raw materials, extractant) at 365 nm allowed to develop a method of quantitative determination of quercetin in the leaves of Schisandra chinensis, a species introduced in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The optimal ratio of raw material and extractant (1 : 5) and the volume of samples of quantitatively applied extraction (0.025 ml) were determined by the height and area of the obtained peaks of adsorption zones on densitograms. As a result, we observed a linear relationship between the peak area and the quantitative content of quercetin in raw materials. The content of quercetin in the leaves of Schisandra chinensis vine amounted to 0,188 ± 0,004 %. Metrological analysis of the results showed the reproducibility of the technique and the absence of systematic error. Consequently, chromatodensitometric method can be used not only for semi-quantitative, but also for quantitative evaluation of the content of various substances in medicinal plant raw materials.


Radical couplings of epoxides and nitriles mediated by Cp(2)TiCl provide a diastereoselective route to the synthesis of beta-hydroxyketones. The conditions of this "aldol-like" reaction are mild enough to avoid the dehydration of the beta-hydroxyketone. The scope of the coupling reaction with functionalized and tetrasubstituted epoxides has been studied. The radical character of the coupling reactions is demonstrated.


In ibis study, degradation of estrone (E1) and l7α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) by gamma-irradiation and subsequent reduction of estrogenic activity as a function of absorbed dose were conducted using the yeast two-hybrid assay. Relative potency of E1 and EE2 compared to estrogenic activity of l7β-estradiol (E2) was found to be 0.0144 and 0.1605, respectively. More than 90% of E1 and EE2 (both 5.0 x 10(-6) M) was removed at an absorbed dose of 5 kGy, but more than 40% of estrogenic activity still remained. The addition of TiO2 catalyst appeared to improve the removal efficiency of E1 and decrease estrogenic activity while there was no significant effect for EE2. Additionally, the calculated estrogenic activity of E1 and EE2 based on a regression model was well correlated with the observed activity.


Genesys membrane laboratories in Madrid show that the majority of deposits found on reverse osmosis membranes are clay based aluminosilicates .These deposits are difficult to remove with traditional cleaning chemicals, Genesol 703 is a speciality membrane cleaning chemical designed to effectively remove these and other deposits reducing membrane cleaning frequency and associated costs. Results of cleaning trials on actual membranes are presented. Membrane clay deposits Within the lifetime of most reverse osmosis (RO) systems some fouling will adversely affect membrane performance with the nature of the foulant generally being determined through membrane autopsy. Autopsy results show that the major constituents of these deposits are aluminosilicates or clays. Clay minerals are generally categorized as being <2µm in size and are formed by the gradual chemical weathering of silica bearing rocks which over time are transported into natural water sources and will therefore occur in all RO feed waters. Due to this small size they are difficult to remove from feed water by conventional chemical and physical pre-treatment methods. Clay minerals have traditionally proved difficult to remove effectively from membranes using conventional cleaning chemicals. The incomplete removal of these deposits leads to a higher cleaning frequency, an increase in operational costs and also an enhanced potential for membrane damage.


Summary form only given as follows. In India, grid connected wind power generation has now gained a high level of attention and acceptability as compared to other renewable technologies available in the country. Wind energy installation in the country is around 1340 MW as on March 31, 2001 and around 6.75 billion units of electricity have been fed to the state grids so far. India has undertaken one of the world's largest efforts for wind resource assessment, a programme that covers 25 states comprising about 900 stations. The study has indicated a gross wind potential of around 45000 MW and the technical potential is currently estimated at 13000 MW. A notable feature of the Indian wind energy programme has been the interest evinced by private investors/developers in setting up of commercial wind power projects. A capacity of 1250 MW of commercial wind power projects has so far been installed, mainly in Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. The largest installation of wind turbines in the country so far is in the Muppandal and Perungudi area near Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu with an aggregate installed capacity of about 500 MW. This represents one of the largest concentrations of wind farm capacity at any particular location. State-of-the-art technology is now available in India for manufacturing wind turbines of capacity up to 750 kW. Presently about 12 manufacturers are engaged in the production of wind electric generators. The annual production capacity of the domestic wind turbine industry is around 500 MW at present. The future of wind energy in India is extremely bright and there is no doubt that in the renewable energy sector, wind power would play a predominant role in adding to the national grid clean and nonpolluting energy to a substantial extent.


In the early 1980s, the Chun Doo-hwan administration sought to prevent the second '5ㆍ18 Gwangju Democratic Uprising' by undertaking the Social Purification Project. The Chun administration especially organized Local Purification Committees to reorganize the local surveillance system. Local committees, which were organized around the community leaders, functioned as preachers of the discourse of social purification project and executed 'purification' by surveillance and force, combining activities of crackdown and reporting on subjects for 'purification'.
Using the local committees, the Chun administration reorganized the local surveillance system to continuously monitor and manage the civilians who have completed the Samcheong Training. The reorganized local surveillance system was different from the previous system in three aspects. First, the subjects for surveillance, which had been focused on anti-communism and national security, were expanded to civilians who had completed the Samcheong Training''. Second, the local surveillance system was established as a semi-official system. While existing local surveillance tasks were under the jurisdiction of polices and intelligence authorities, the Chun administration extended the responsibility to the local committees. Accordingly, the local committees consistently keeping a watch on and supervising the movements of people who had completed the Samcheong Training. Third, assuming a social policy nature, 'management' was reinforced as a key note within the local surveillance system. To prevent second offense or 'antisocialization' for economic reasons, the local committees would arrange employment or provide livelihood aid to these people who had completed the Samcheong Training. For people who had been in the Samcheong Training Camps, the reorganized local surveillance system in the 1980s was a prison wearing the skin of 'society'.


The present invention relates to a drying direction formulation comprising an extract provided on trehalose and / or iso maltul LOS as extract, in particular a carrier material provided on a carrier material. In addition, the production method and its use in the drying direction of the formulation are provided. Iso maltul Ross, trehalose, dried direction formulation, the carrier material, extracts.


The problem of calculation of a carrying power arising at a flow of two adjoining circular semicylinders by a stream of an ideal liquid is considered.


Background and Purpose Timely intravenous (IV) thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke is associated with better clinical outcomes. Acute stroke care implemented with "Stroke Code" (SC) may increase IV tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) administration. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of SC on thrombolysis. Methods The study period was divided into the "pre-SC era" (January 2006 to July 2010) and "SC era" (August 2010 to July 2013). Demographics, critical times (stroke symptom onset, presentation to the emergency department, neuroimaging, thrombolysis), stroke severity, and clinical outcomes were recorded and compared between the two eras. Results During the study period, 5957 patients with acute ischemic stroke were admitted; of these, 1301 (21.8%) arrived at the emergency department within 3 h of stroke onset and 307 (5.2%) received IV-tPA. The number and frequency of IV-tPA treatments for patients with an onset-to-door time of <3 h increased from the pre-SC era (n = 91, 13.9%) to the SC era (n = 216, 33.3%) (P<0.001). SC also improved the efficiency of IV-tPA administration; the median door-to-needle time decreased (88 to 51 min, P<0.001) and the percentage of door-to-needle times ≤60 min increased (14.3% to 71.3%, P<0.001). The SC era group tended to have more patients with good outcome (modified Rankin Scale ≤2) at discharge (49.5 vs. 39.6%, P = 0.11), with no difference in symptomatic hemorrhage events or in-hospital mortality. Conclusion The SC protocol increases the percentage of acute ischemic stroke patients receiving IV-tPA and decreases door-to-needle time.


Disclosed is a method for achieving a signaling process of a high speed fax supported by gateway control protocols, wherein MGCP protocol mutual information and control fax operation are adopted at soft switch and the gateway, and both T.38 and VBD fax mode can be compatible at one time, in which T.38 mode is preferably selected and then VBD fax mode; two gateways of the soft switch control fax transmission terminal and receiving terminal confer on fax modes and fax media channel information; voice communication state is switched back or call is released directly without switching back to voice communication state according to working state of switching set by soft switch, after the fax is finished. The gateway in accordance with the present invention adopts MGCP protocols, such as IAD. Said method can dynamically assign IP addresses, port numbers and coding modes of fax medias and can achieve mutual fax of different plants and different operators when being carried out over the whole net; concision, clarity, high efficiency and reliability of signaling process adds little mutual information to a voice calling and can support crossing-soft switch fax services, with excellent feasibility of implementation.


The uncertainty of estimating relative channel impulse responses (CIRs) obtained using the radiated signature from a ship of opportunity is investigated. The ship observations were taken during a 1.4 km (11 min) transect during the Noise Correlation 2009 (NC09) experiment. Beamforming on the angle associated with the direct ray-path yields an estimate of the ship signature, subsequently used as a matched filter. Relative CIRs are estimated every 2.5 s independently at three vertical line arrays (VLAs) for a total of 270 observations per VLA. The estimated relative arrival-time uncertainty is inversely proportional to source bandwidth and CIR signal-to-noise ratio, and reached a minimum standard deviation of 5 μs (approximately 1 cm). The direct-path relative arrival-times are used to construct time series for each VLA element across the 11 min observation interval. The overall structure of these time series compares favorably with that predicted from an array element localization (AEL) model that exhibits sensitivity on the order of centimeters. The short-term standard deviations calculated on direct-path (7 μs) and bottom-reflected-path (17 μs) time series are in agreement with the estimated arrival-time accuracies. The implication of these observed arrival-time accuracies in the context of making sound speed perturbation and bottom-depth estimates is discussed.The uncertainty of estimating relative channel impulse responses (CIRs) obtained using the radiated signature from a ship of opportunity is investigated. The ship observations were taken during a 1.4 km (11 min) transect during the Noise Correlation 2009 (NC09) experiment. Beamforming on the angle associated with the direct ray-path yields an estimate of the ship signature, subsequently used as a matched filter. Relative CIRs are estimated every 2.5 s independently at three vertical line arrays (VLAs) for a total of 270 observations per VLA. The estimated relative arrival-time uncertainty is inversely proportional to source bandwidth and CIR signal-to-noise ratio, and reached a minimum standard deviation of 5 μs (approximately 1 cm). The direct-path relative arrival-times are used to construct time series for each VLA element across the 11 min observation interval. The overall structure of these time series compares favorably with that predicted from an array element localization (AEL) model that exhibits...


Skin melanoma is one of cancers with the largest annual increase both in the world and Slovenia. Alongside the rapidly increasing incidence, the epidemiological data show stable mortality in the last two decades and a constant share of fatty tumours in male patients aged over 60 years.
Melanoma is a result of a complex interaction between the genotype and environmental factors that also determine the phenotypic characteristics signalling an increased risk of the occurrence of melanoma in one's life.
The role of a dermatologist is to detect melanoma at early stages of the disease, when it is still difficult to recognise it clinically and melanoma can be mistaken for melanocytic nevi or other skin lesions. Early diagnosis of melanoma is based on new diagnostic methods in dermatology, such as dermoscopy, confocal microscopy and teledermatology, as well as on well-organised work which allows identification and monitoring of individuals with an increased risk for developing melanoma. In thin melanomas, the dermatologist also performs the therapeutic part, namely tumour excision, while in invasive and metastatic forms of the disease, he decides on the patient's interdisciplinary treatment. Due to an increased risk for the development of a new primary melanoma, management of patients following detection of melanoma also requires lifelong monitoring by the dermatologist. The dermatological associations design and implement primary and secondary prevention programmes aimed at reducing the risk factors and early detection of melanoma, as well as other forms of skin cancer.
New findings confirm the pathogenic diversity of melanoma, which indicates the need to implement changes and individualise measures aimed at primary and secondary prevention of skin melanoma.


In the analysis of longitudinal pharmacokinetic data, both balanced (equal number of samples per subject) and unbalanced data are used. It is implicitly assumed that the process that caused the missing data can be ignored. A simulation study was performed to determine the effect of ignoring the missing data (i.e., "ignorability") on the accuracy and precision of parameter estimation in longitudinal pharmacokinetic studies. A two‐compartment model with multiple intravenous bolus inputs was assumed. Subjects with balanced data sets had six samples, and those with unbalanced data had 1 to 5 samples missing (i.e., supplied in a decreasing order from 5 to 1 samples). The proportion of subjects with 1 to 5 samples missing varied from 25% to 75% in a fixed sample size of 100. The effect of ignorability was studied at intersubject variability ranging from 15% to 60% for a drug assumed to be dosed at its elimination half‐life. One hundred replicate data sets of 100 subjects each were simulated for each missing data scenario. The accuracy of parameter estimation was not significantly affected by the amount of ignorable missing data at any given level of variability. However, the precision of parameter estimation was affected by the degree of "missingness."


In teaching Chinese,the teacher must pay attention t o the art of question-raising.The teacher should clarify the purpose,the object,ti me and skill during questioning,should present knowledge through questioning,dev elop the student's intelligence and self-study ability and creativity,motivate t heir study interests to transform the study attitude and method.


Ultra high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) may interact with photon backgrounds and thus the universe is opaque to their propagation. Many Lorentz Invariance Violation (LIV) theories predict a dilation of the expected horizon from which UHECRs can arrive to Earth, in some case even making the interaction probability negligible. In this work, we investigate this effect in the context of the LIV theory that goes by the name of Homogeneously Modified Special Relativity (HMSR). In this work, making use of a specifically modified version of the SimProp simulation program in order to account for the modifications introduced by the theory to the propagation of particles, the radius of the proton opacity horizon (GZK sphere), and the attenuation length for the photopion production process are simulated and the modifications of these quantities introduced by the theory are studied.


Abstract : Decisions concerned with the use of alternative Air Force training methods require several types of data. Among these are capacity to train, cost of the training, and quality of the trained airmen. The two methods of formal training in the Air Force are on-the-job training (OJT) and technical school training. The data currently being provided to decision makers for selecting the proper mix of these two training methods can be substantially improved.


This study aims to determine the management of nutrition management and the level of knowledge of athletes in SMA Sports, Riau Province. This research method is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques used questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. Informants were selected by purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using triangulation techniques. The results showed that the management of athletes nutrition in Riau Province Sports High School had been working with the catering party. The level of knowledge of athletes about nutrition is in a good category. Athletes need a program that maintains and increases the athlete's knowledge of nutrition. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that 1) nutrition management in Riau Private State Senior High School provides food intake services for athletes based on applicable Standard Operating Procedures 2) athletes have a good level of knowledge about nutrition. Athletes also adopt a healthy lifestyle by consuming a balanced nutritious diet.


Since the development of the Internet, the growing amount of information of the network, packet classification technology has been widely applied to various fields of communication network, which also accelerates the research on packet classification algorithms. In this paper, the steps of classification algorithms and the evaluation indicators of the algorithms performance are introduced. The RFC algorithm which is more suitable for practical applications is detailedly described ,as well as improvements on the algorithm are proposed.


There are a lot of methods to select features of Web text, but they all have their own disadvantages, to solve this problem, the features of web text are selected by BNS metrics and Odds metrics based on data fusion and are classified by support vector machines. We can let Odds metrics improve the precision of BNS metrics based on keeping BNS metrics's capability of resolving class skew. The experimental results indicate that combining these based on data fusion can greatly improve disadvantages of each method and improve the precision of text classify.


We find a contact integrable extension, coverings and a recursion operator for a four-dimensional generalization of the integrable rdDym equation.


In the paper functions are denoted by minuscules and constants are denoted by capitals. Let R = (-°ofoo)f R + = a <0,°° ), Q be the closure of a bounded domain, the boundary of which is a piecewise smooth surface r t Q c R . We consider functions ut Q * H + — — R j a ^ t h^, hg, r, pi Q — — R , i,j = 1,...,n and operators : 0^(52 x R + ) — — — x fi+). oc[u], /3[u] are values of operators oc , /3 for the function u 6 C(Q * S+) and oc[u] (x,t), ¿3[u] (x,t) are their values at the point (x,t). In this paper we Investigate the properties of solutions of the equation


An amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide (a‐IGZO) thin‐film transistor (TFT), which exhibits the best electrical stability (PBTS ≤ 0.009 V), is implemented to create quantum‐dot organic light‐emitting diode product. Electrical stability has been explained through various mechanisms involving defects related to oxygen and hydrogen. The defects of a‐IGZO are identified and the parameters of the deposition process are utilized to obtain Vo+ and VZn− values of 1.7 × 1017 and 2.4 × 1018 spins cm−3, respectively, which are quantified using electron spin resonance for the first time. The defects of the gate insulator (GI) in the upper and lower parts of the a‐IGZO TFT and the oxygen and hydrogen inflow/diffusion generated during the process are also controlled. From well‐controlled a‐IGZO and GI, the defect density at the top‐channel interface and near‐interface of the a‐IGZO TFT is reduced by 85% and 70%, respectively. The defects in the bottom‐channel are also reduced by 83% and 75% for the interface and near‐interface, respectively. Electrical stability is secured by controlling Vo+ and VZn− and reducing sub‐gap trap density among interface defects that are not directly observed until now. In this paper, it is reported that the best a‐IGZO TFT performance is achieved through defect engineering.


The factors impacting the strategic mining resource prices and the comprehensive impact mechanism were analyzed.The co-movement mechanism was expounded.Taking oil as an example,is taken into the input-output the co-movement impact of the crude oil and finished oil prices on every sector and total price indices of the national economy were computed by input-output method.Results show that because oil is not the main energy in China,and the impact of price changes of crude oil and finished oil to total price level is not great,which concern worthy due to the weak substitutive trait is.The pressure of the total price level is raising,and the government should take the positive policy mix to deal with the impact form the oil price rising to the economy.


In this paper we present a novel methodology to perform Bayesian inference for Cox processes in which the intensity function is driven by a diffusion process. The novelty lies on the fact that no discretisation error is involved, despite the non-tractability of both the likelihood function and the transition density of the diffusion. The methodology is based on an MCMC algorithm and its exactness is built on retrospective sampling techniques. The efficiency of the methodology is investigated in some simulated examples and its applicability is illustrated in some real data analyses.


It is impossible to think about tourism without people moving in space. That is why territorial organization of the tourism industry should be considered in conjunction with the development of transport infrastructure.


I use Walmart's 2019 statement on gun control as a setting to document a heterogeneous response within a stakeholder group to a corporate political statement. Using smartphone-location data to measure foot traffic, I find customer store visits to Walmart decreased by 3.9% relative to local competitors after Walmart's statement. Foot traffic in highly Republican counties decreased by 8.5% but increased by 2.7% in highly Democratic counties. The effect persists throughout the post period in highly Republican counties. Time spent in store also differs along partisan lines. The results highlight the challenges of stakeholder capitalism amidst an increasingly polarized political landscape.


This theoretical investigation discusses some of the predominant
conceptions and visions about "community", used for health actions at the
community level. This discussion is part of to a wider reflection about the
relations between health professionals and communities. We assume that, at
the end of their university studies, the health professionals are not prepared
to deal with, nor perceive and understand a valuable group of cultural
processes and community forms that are in constant creation and
transformation, according with the contemporary social configurations. We
recognize, also as a point of departure, the necessity and potential
advantages of extending our visions about community, going from rigidity and
materiality to flexibility and subjectivity, in a process that includes and
integrates all these dimensions, transcending the usual instrumental
rationality.

In this work, we first present and discuss some key issues to aid in the
understanding of the "common sense" – objective, ethnocentric, and
biomedical – which is usually "carried" by the health workers, professionals
and researchers to their encounters with the collective Others. This World
Vision is usually utilized, and is considered "natural" in the intervention
strategies, proposals, and in the everyday health actions at the community
level. This professional "common sense" influences strongly the accepted, and
utilized, visions on community. Second, we discuss conceptual advances in the
understanding of the communities as complex and multidimensional systems,
incorporating the emotional (and artistic) dimension as a way of
comprehension / knowledge in the idea of community. Third, Buddhist
conceptions of interexistence and social engagement are discussed, as
complementary and rich ways of rational, and meta-rational, knowledge about
community issues. Finally, we suggest the importance of a poetic knowledge,
a poetic experience (a radical form of the qualitative) as a self-transformation
method of the "sanitary being" into a "poetic sanitary being", sensible and
prepared to incorporate these new comprehensions.
The study introduces the discussion about subjectivity from a different
perspective, pointing out the value, the potential and the necessity that health
professionals, engaged in community processes, undertake a conscious
interior work, active and continuos, in order to generate comprehensive
changes and new ways of action in the community health field.


The organization crime in other countries is called underworld crime in China. The author believes that the organization crime in the nature of criminal syndicate and underworld crime are the same except in the level of organization. For the time being,we may follow the principle of "including more severe crimes", and put underworld crime under "the organization crime in the nature of criminal syndicate". When revising the laws ,we should combine the two instead of separating them.


The equation for the one‐point turbulent distribution function is closed by assuming a relaxation model for the pressure fluctuation term and several other less critical approximations. The resulting equation is solved for a class of rectilinear flows and for decay of a periodic wake. Good agreement with available experiments is found. A theory of turbulent transport coefficients is derived in a certain approximation.


A study was carried out in Germany in order to assess consumers' acceptance of genetically modified (GM) foods with health benefits (bread, yohurt and eggs). Acceptability of GM foods increases when its source does not involve animal products such as eggs. Three factors have been identified as direct antecedents of the acceptance of GM foods: respondents' attitude towards biotechnology, health consciousness, and time pressure, being the first one the most salient one. Price consciousness has an indirect positive impact (mediated by health consciousness) upon acceptance of GM products. Males were more likely to accept GM foods with health benefits.


The Qianshan gold deposit is controlled by the faulted structure,the orebody that shows slightly dipping plate like occurs in the contact zone of biotite plagiogranite and diorite and its adjacent area,which shows obvious geophysical and geochemical characteristics.There are vast prospecting potential in the deep and its adjacent area.


With document information method and logic analysis method, this paper studies the historical position, its forming origin as well as its realistic significance of the thought of sport for all of Mao Zedong, for the sake of understanding the connotation and significance of the thought of sport for all of Mao Zedong in an overall and deep way and implementing it better and promoting the development of the new century sport cause of whole people.


......................................................................................................................................... ii Dedication ..................................................................................................................................... iii Chapter I: Introduction ....................................................................................................................1 Childhood Maltreatment ..................................................................................................................2 Resiliency and Protective Factors ....................................................................................................5 Posttraumatic Growth ......................................................................................................................9 Childhood Abuse and Neglect and Posttraumatic Growth ............................................................13 Current Study .................................................................................................................................15 Chapter II: Method ........................................................................................................................19 Participants .....................................................................................................................................19 Measures ........................................................................................................................................20 Procedure .......................................................................................................................................24 Chapter III: Results .......................................................................................................................26 Missing Data ..................................................................................................................................26 Preliminary Investigation of the Data ............................................................................................26 Prevalence of Maltreatment ...........................................................................................................27 Maltreatment and Posttraumatic Growth .......................................................................................29 Maltreatment and College Adjustment ..........................................................................................31 Maltreatment, Posttraumatic Growth and Protective Factors ........................................................33 Chapter IV: Discussion .................................................................................................................40 Maltreatment in College Students ..................................................................................................40 Maltreatment, College Adjustment and Posttraumatic Growth .....................................................42 Protective Factors and Posttraumatic Growth................................................................................44 Limitations and Future Directions .................................................................................................47 Implications....................................................................................................................................49 Conclusion .....................................................................................................................................50 Tables .............................................................................................................................................52 Figures............................................................................................................................................57 References ......................................................................................................................................59 Appendices .....................................................................................................................................70


In the Tenth Plan (2008 – 2013), the Royal Government of Bhutan introduces a new results-based planning framework to help achieve its strategic commitment to poverty reduction. The three-year rolling Medium Term Fiscal Framework seeks to integrate development priorities, budgeting procedures, and implementation outcomes into a "dynamic, efficient, responsive, and results oriented" process (Draft Tenth Five Year Plan: [2008 – 2013]). This paper attempts to underline some of the issues relevant to, specifically, the expenditure budgeting facet or, explicitly, the Medium Term Expenditure Framework process of the proposed framework. It presents some qualitative (and quantitative) evidence for the incorporation of such a pre-budget exercise in the national budgeting process. And it seeks to reason that the benefits of such a practice inevitably accrue to the poor in developing countries. To do so, I draw heavily from the works of two World Bank authorsPhilippe Le Houerou and Robert Talierciowhose research in the Africa region demonstrates many similarities and sheds much light on the experiences with the MTEF in Bhutan.


A kibbutz is a unique phenomenon, seen as being a multi-generational community, providing a varied economic structure and great facility for adapting itself to the vicissitudes of both the Israeli and world economy regarding globalisation and the competitiveness of products and services (Near, 1992; Simons & Ingram, 2000). It has played a main role in Israel's history within the political, military and economic setting. The kibbutz movement boasts about being in the vanguard of the young socialist, labour-orientated jewish state (Rotbart, 2000; Ruffle & Sosis, 2002; Tsuk, 2000). The kibbutz became a fundamental and typical means of colonising Palestine following the First World War in the eyes of the public (Shafir, 1989). This article explores the situation of settlement in Israel and the antecedents regarding how a kibbutz has been organised, trying to offer complete and systemic reflection on the topic. This investigation forms part of the Bio-management research project into the Kibbutz as an example of an organisation model.


Food retail is a particularly vulnerable segment of the food chain. While the entry and exit points are strictly controlled in most food processing plants to repel non invited visitors, representatives of food retail are interested in having high numbers consumers to visit the store. Considering the aspects of food terrorism this feature is a significant risk factor. Also, while a food manufacturer is usually able to control the safety and quality of the material input and output, food retail would be never able to implement such strict regulations, because the number of different commodities can be more than ten thousand in the same time, arriving usually from hundreds of suppliers. Effective crisis management at this segment of the food chain is also very important because these companies keep the closest relations with customers, which is really a relevant question from the aspects of moral responsibility and protection of business reputation. The article is based on a workshop attended by retail sector, crisis management, food industry, critical infrastructure, consumer and public administration professionals, organized by the Corvinus University of Budapest, Department of Food Economics. This paper analyses the main risk types that food retail companies are facing today. The authors propose measures to manage risks and crisis situations, to ensure quick rehabilitation of damages and to handle the organizational problems of crisis management. In addition, the study deals with relations between crisis management of the companies and the public authorities, as well as summarizing the legal boundaries of these relations. Élelmiszervizsgálati Közlemények, 58, 2012/3-4 11 7


The supervision on individual case is a topical subject discussed in the field of law and judicial pragmatic,and its aim is to restrain the judicial corruption,and promote the judicial justice and guarantee the fair enforcement of constitution and law.But in practice,the supervision about individual is not enough in the National People's Congress because of the inadequate understanding and the deficiencies of the law.Therefore the National People's Congress should give full play to the function of the capability mechanism,perfect the existing problems,thus the supervision on judicial organ could be strengthened and the judicial corruption could be restricted,and further the judicial work could fit in with the basic interest of the nation and the people.


and Hector that reappear by a process of modulation in Martius, and to traits of Worcester, Bolingbroke, Achilles, and Octavius that resurface in Aufidius. Parker also illustrates how imaginatively and selectively Shakespeare drew upon North's Plutarch, altering, omitting, or adding details to enrich the characterization and produce a well-crafted dramatic structure. Finally, it is pleasant to note that although Parker conceives his task as editing a Coriolanus for the 1990s, opening himself sympathetically and without prejudice to a range of fresh ideas and approaches, he nevertheless presents his findings in a prose that is forceful and civilized, eschewing the barbarous jargon, the muddy syntax, the pretentious pseudo-philosophical abstractions, and the ideological tendentiousness that so often disfigure the formulations of contemporary Shakespearean discourse. We can be grateful for his considerable labours and rejoice in an edition of this magnificent Roman play worthy to take its place in a distinguished series. (CHARLES R. FORKER)


The sorption of two divalent metal ions, Pb(II) and Cu(II) from a typical hospital wastewater onto modified cassava waste biomass over a wide range of reaction conditions and temperature was studied under batch conditions. The study showed that a pH of 8 was the best for the sorption of both metal ions onto the biomass. The time dependent experiments for the metal ions showed that the binding of the metal ions to the biomass was rapid and occurred within 20-120 min. Sorption efficiency increased with increase in adsorbent dosage. It increased from 10% -74% for Pb(II) and 27% -77% for Cu(II) when the adsorbent dose increased from 2g- 12g.Increase in temperature led to an increase in sorption for both metals ions. The Langmuir model showed that the biomass has a high sorption capacity for Cu(II) than Pb(II) , with qm = 9.25 for Pb (II) and 8.33 for Cu(II).The separation parameter R L for Pb(II) and Cu(II) was 0.58 and 0.51, indicating a favourable sorption. The Freundlich isotherm K f was 1.00 for Pb(II ) and 0.75 for Cu(II),indicating a preferential sorption of Pb(II) by the biomass. The sorption of the metal ions was also well described by the first pseudo-order model


A short lived series created by Joss Whedon, Firefly nonetheless developed such a loyal following that Whedon was compelled to write and direct a big screen sequel in 2005. The show continues to generate a life of its own in books and comic books. This collection of twelve essays focuses on a number of themes including colonialism, race, gender, and politics.


Objectives Many individuals with long-term care needs rely on informal care to support them in their daily living. Although public authorities tend to see informal care as free, caring imposes significant costs on caregivers. However, measuring and valuing informal care remains a challenge partly due to the absence of clear guidelines on the topic and partly due to the lack of consensus among economists on the best methods to use. This review describes the methods used to measure and monetarily value informal care and discusses their advantages and limitations. As this care is unpaid a direct monetary valuation of care input is not available. Economic evaluations which are undertaken from a health care perspective omit the resource use and costs of any informal care that is provided. Exclusion of these costs can result in reimbursement decisions which increase the demand for informal care and shifts hidden costs on to the informal care sector as, without a monetary valuation, this resource appears to be free. Methods Review of: (i) the methods available to measure time, (ii) methods available to value time spent in informal care, and (iii) application in published economic evaluations of care interventions. Results Only the diary and the recall methods have been used in cost-effectiveness analysis, although direct observation and experience sampling may provide more accurate estimates of time use. The traditional methods to value time are the opportunity cost, proxy good and contingent valuation methods. Recently, the well-being method and applications of conjoint analysis to informal care have been developed. The value of informal care varies widely depending on the methods used. Conclusions Informal care should not be viewed as costless or free since the time inputs into informal care generate costs borne by the caregiver and society as a whole. The monetary value of informal care can be estimated using existing methods. One clear advantage of using monetary valuation methods is that it be included in the cost side of economic evaluation. However, different methods give different answers both in terms of time-use data and value of informal care. Clear guidelines are needed on the preferred methods to measure and value informal care time.


The water exchange and its spatial and temporal variation in the Xiangshangang Bay were studied with an advection-diffusion water exchange numerical model.The model is based on the well-verified three-dimensional baroclinic model for hydrodynamic process and dissolved conservative material was used as the tracer.The initial tracer concentration was set to 1 mg/L inside the bay and 0 mg/L outside the bay and at the open boundaries inflow.According to the tracer concentration,half-life time and mean residence time of the water mass at different points of the bay were calculated,and the contribution of baroclinic power to the water exchange was studied by comparison with that at barotropic model.The results show that the water exchange,to the east of the Xize section,is fast with a half-life time of 5 days and a mean residence time of about 15 days.While the half-life time and mean residence time to the east of the Xihugang inlet are 15~20 days and 25 days separately.And the section near the Wusha Mountain has a half-life time of about 25 days and a mean residence time of about 30 days.Moreover,water exchange in the top of the bay is even slower,with a half-life time of 30~35 days and a mean residence time of 35~40 days in Tiegang harbor and Huangdungang harbor.The result shows that,both the half-life time and mean residence time increase gradually from the mouth to the top of the Xiangshangang Bay,suggesting the water exchange rate and governing mechanism differ spatially in the Bay.The region between the mouth of the bay and Xize is an area of strong tidal current,where the water flows out with the ebb current and mixes with the water outside,then flows back into the bay with flood current.So the exchange rate here is quite high,and the water closer to the mouth is mixed more fully.However,the inner part of the Xiangshangang Bay is dominated by gravitational circulation and tidal oscillation,where the mixing is much weaker and the period of water exchange is much longer than that in the outer part of the bay.The comparison of the water exchange in barotropic model with that in baroclinic model shows that the baroclinic hydrodynamic power has a considerable influence on the water exchange process inside the Xiangshangang Bay,and that the gravitational circulation and water stratification increase obviously the exchange rate,while,it has little effect on the outside part of the bay where it is controlled by advection and tidal diffusion.


Based on the recently released ENDF/B-VII.1 library,high temperature neutron cross-section files are generated through SIGACE code using low temperature ACE format files.To verify the processed ACE file of SIGACE,benchmark calculations are performed in this paper.The calculated results of selected ICT,standard CANDU assembly,LWR Doppler coefficient and SEFOR benchmarks are well conformed with reference value,which indicates that high temperature ACE files processed by SIGACE can be used in related neutronics calculations.


Incomplete knowledge instances may be registered from misidentifications of sensors, such as vision sensor. In previous study, we proposed robust object instance registration method to robot centered knowledge framework to guarantee the consistency of the registered knowledge. In real environment, a persistent update is necessary due to the objects can be moved dynamically. In this paper, we propose the way to update robot knowledge continually using the registration method. Our experiment in this paper shows that sound and complete knowledge can be registered and updated by the proposed method. even under imperfect sensing data.


The critical nuclear charge Zc for a three-body quantum mechanical system consisting of positive and negative charges is the minimum charge for the system to remain in a bound state. This work presents a study of the critical nuclear charge for heliumlike systems with infinite nuclear mass, and also a range of the reduced mass up to μ M = 0.5. The results help us to resolve a discrepancy in the literature for the infinite mass case, and they are the first to study the dependence on μ M . It is found that Zc has a maximum at μ M = 3525, which is intermediate between the atomic structure of helium, and the molecular structure of H 2 . Zc for the infinite mass case is found to be 0.911028267. This value is compatible with the result of Baker, et al, who found the upper bound for Zc to be 0.91103. However, it does not agree with other results in the literature. The understanding of the critical charge will bring us a deeper appreciation of the stability of a three-body system as a function of the reduced mass, correlation effects of coulombic potential and more importantly, the physics of a three-body quantum mechanical system.


We operated on 27 elbow joints with osteoarthrosis from 1978 to 1988 and compared 12 elbows of the Kashiwagi method with 8 elbows of the anterior approach method. There were no significant differences in subject age or the ROM of the elbow before surgery between the Kashiwagi method and anterior approach method. The flexion angle after surgery improved significantly from before surgery but in two cases there were no significant differences. There were no significant differences of extension angle between the cases before and after surgery. Most patients without pain after surgery had a good flexion angle before surgery and high satisfaction after surgery. The period of admission after surgery and the return to occupation was shorter in the anterior approach method than in the Kashiwagi method.We concluded that the operation for osteoarthrosis of the elbow was more successful in the anterior approach method than in the Kashiwagi method.


The epithelial cells of the distal intestine in teleost larvae show vigorous pinocytotic features at the base of the microvi11i1?? ) This indicates that the cells have the ability to ingest macro molecular substances by pinocytosis. Recently, STROBAND et al.7) and WATANABE8) revealed that protein molecules were ingested by the distal in testine cells in larvae of several teleost species. WATANABE9) found in a light microscope study of larvae of five teleost species that ingested protein molecules were digested in the supranuclear area of the cells. The present paper aims to clarify the ultrastructural basis of the entire process of ingestion and intracellular digestion of protein molecules by the rectal epithelium cells in larvae of a freshwater cottid fish using horseradish peroxidase as a marker protein.


A very general cosmological consideration suggests that, along with galactic dark matter halos, much smaller dark matter structures may exist. These structures are usually called `clumps', and their mass extends to 10−6 M ⊙ or even lower. The clumps should give the main contribution into the signal of dark matter annihilation, provided that they have survived until the present time. Recent observations favor a cored profile for low-mass astrophysical halos. We consider cored clumps and show that they are significantly less firm than the standard NFW ones. In contrast to the standard scenario, the cored clumps should have been completely destroyed inside ∼ 20 kpc from the Milky Way center. The dwarf spheroidals should not contain any dark matter clumps. On the other hand, even under the most pessimistic assumption about the clump structure, the clumps should have survived in the Milky Way at a distance exceeding 50 kpc from the center, as well as in low-density cosmic structures. There they significantly boost the dark matter annihilation. We show that at least 70% of the clumps endured the primordial structure formation should still exist untouched in the present-day Universe.


The economic activity of communities is one of the most controversial subjects in the present discussion among legal experts and economists. Ulrich Hosch examines the private perception of freedom and the varying legitimation of sovereign acts, one of which, according to the author, is community economic activity. He comes to the conclusion that economic activity by the community is only permissible in exceptional cases and it always requires legitimation. (Published in German.)


This paper reports the annealing effect on the DC sputter transparent conducting tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) films for the alkali vapor cell heater of the chip-scale atomic sensors. ITO films with a thickness of 140 nm were deposited on BF33 glass substrates at [Formula: see text], followed by an annealing process in N2 atmosphere for 2 h at different temperatures between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The effect of annealing on the crystal structure, surface morphology, optical, and electrical properties of ITO films was characterized. The predominant orientation of crystal face of the as-deposited and annealed ITO thin films was (222) instead of (400). After annealing at [Formula: see text] the ITO film exhibits the highest transmittance ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]90%) to the lights at the wavelength of 780 nm, 795 nm and 894 nm regarding the probe light in a chip scale atomic device. Besides, the lowest sheet resistance and resistivity were obtained as 27.8 [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] separately. The refractive index and extinction coefficients results verified the crystal orientation and the transmittance results. This thin ITO film was expected to be the best candidate for the transparent heater in the chip scale atomic devices.


Baedeker's authoritative name and recognizable red covers are known the world over for their quality and ease of use. Each guide is completely up to date and packed with four-color photos. A free full-size map -- an $8.00 value! -- is an added bonus with every book. Updated and revamped with a new look that started last fall, the series will continue to feature: -- New cover design -- the familiar red color will be enlivened by blue bars, banners, and bursts -- Modified interior design -- with more legible type size and a more open layout -- Expanded accommodations lists -- Many new quality photos, capturing the essence of the destinations of today Discover the medieval beauty of the Tuscan hill towns and their art treasures. All of Tuscany's sights and attractions are here in Baedeker -- from Michelangelo's frescoes in Florence to Siena's piazza del Campo.


This paper focuses on a joint project to develop specialized training for law enforcement in the search and seizure of electronic evidence. The paper describes the training program developed jointly by law enforcement and academic staff and presented to law enforcement officers in the state of Western Australia, and reports informally on the success of the program.


This paper proposes the use of transmedia storytelling in an educational context. Transmedia stories are perceived as opportunities to create a new learning scenario that allows for the development of innovative student-centred educational practices, and the implementation of collaborative strategies that ultimately meet the 21st-century students' needs. Through the discussion of a transmedia learning project targeted to English as Second Language students, this paper attempts to provide insight on how learning activities and strategies can be embedded in the digital narrative and experience layers of a storyworld.


To overcome the autologous bone graft limitations, tissue engineering is being explored aiming to develop bone substitutes for reconstructions. Our hypothesis is to develop a composite polylactide (PDLLA) scaffold, coated with collagen, containing Bioglass (BG) and minocycline (MH) – an antibiotic with anti-inflammatory and osteoinductive effects - that would be able to provide an improved regeneration with antimicrobial protection. PDLLA scaffolds were prepared by solvent casting/particulate leaching technique and loaded with MH by adsorption. The morphological characterization was performed by SEM as well as the elemental chemical composition (EDS). Crystalline structure was identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and attenuated total reflectance (ATR-FTIR) analysis was assessed to identify the functional groups. Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated by agar diffusion and the biofilm inhibition formation was observed by SEM analysis. Cellular proliferation and activity were evaluated using human osteoblasts (MG-63 cells). SEM images showed the PDLLA surface with interconnected porous; EDS showed that the BG particles were incorporated into the scaffolds; XRD and ATR evidenced chemical interactions between MH and PDLLA; MH-scaffolds presented antimicrobial activity including biofilm formation reduction. Effects on the cellular proliferation and activity were observed on both samples, without important differences. Overall, results show that PDLLA composite scaffolds show potential as antimicrobial and osteoconductive bone grafts.


Image that permits generation of the enlarged image that does not allow proper response image enlargement processing to the color filter of the presence or absence and various arrangement patterns of the optical low-pass filter, image deterioration such as moire inconspicuous prevent reduction in perceived resolution processor, an imaging device, a computer, to provide an image processing method and a program. Image enlargement processing section 16 of the image processing apparatus determines whether or not shooting condition data to the image capturing data is included, and is determined to contain a photographing condition data to the image capturing data input a data acquisition unit 70 for acquiring the content of the photographing condition data when the presence or absence of execution of the enlargement-related processing associated with enlargement processing for generating expanded image data from the imaging data (edge enhancement processing, etc.), the enlargement related processing process parameters , and the enlargement processing determining unit 72 for determining at least one of the process parameters of the enlargement process, comprising a shooting condition data, the imaging information / imaging data relating to the presence or absence of the optical low-pass filter at the time of imaging to create the imaging data including information about the array of the color filter of the imaging unit used at creation time.


Abstract: This chapter discusses the use of multiphoton fabrication techniques to create two- and three-dimensional photonic devices. After reviewing the basic principles of multiphoton lithography, the materials that can be patterned with multiphoton techniques are introduced. Examples of photonic devices created with multiphoton lithography are then presented, followed by a discussion of future prospects for multiphoton fabrication techniques in photonics.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass(LRYGB)in the treatment of morbid obesity complicated with type 2 diabetes mellitus,and to discuss the mechanism of LRYGB in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods The clinical data of 30 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with body mass index(BMI)≥35.00 who had undergone LRYGB from January 2007 to July 2007 in Cleveland Clinic were prospectively analyzed.The pre-and postoperative clinical parameters wcl"e analyzed by t test.Results The BMI,fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin were significantly decreased 6 months after the operation(t=27.399,23.025.15.593,P<0.05).The cure rate at the end ofthe second month was 70%(21/30),and it was increased to 90%at the end of sixth month(27/30).The condition of the remaining 3 patients were improved.At the end of the second and sixth month',ffter operation,the BMIs of the patients who were cured by LRYGB were decreased by 27.89%±5.51%and 45.73%±2.82%.and the BMIs of the patients whose condition was improved were decreased by 35.65%±1.97%and 58.00%±3.05%(t=5.755,7.081,P<0.05).Conclusions LRYGB is effective in the treatment of morbid obesity complicated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.The curability of morbid obesity increases as the BMI decreases.

Key words:
Obesity,morbid;  Anastomosis,Roux-en-Y; Laparoscopy; Diabetes mellitus,type 2


Comparison of the different sensitivity of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis(PCA)on guinea pigs,Sprague Dawley(SD)rats and Wistar rats caused by BSA was conducted in order to find more sensitive animal model in PCA test.PCA was performed by using guinea pigs,SD rats and Wistar rats,and BSA was taken as allergen.The diameter of dermal Evan′s blue spot and the positive reaction rate were measured to discriminate severity of PCA on three animals.Guinea pigs and rats to BSA have large differences The guinea pigs were the most sensitive animals to BSA.The guinea pig is the best animal model which can be used in PCA test.


When a contract for the sale of real property is entered into, what happens if, between the time of contract and completion, an official announcement is published for the compulsory acquisition of that property? The traditional view has been based largely on one English High Court Case, Hillingdon Estates Co Ltd v Stonefield Estates Co Ltd, which held that compulsory acquisition in such circumstances did not affect the purchaser's obligation to complete the purchase. That view was rejected by the Singapore Court of Appeal in Lim Kim Som v Sheriffa Taibah bte Abdul Rahman, which declared such a contract frustrated. However, the Privy Council has now expressly approved the reasoning in Hillingdon's case in E Johnson (Barbados) Ltd v NSR Ltd. This paper analyses the three decisions and the developments in local case law after Lim Kim Som's case, and suggests how the courts may proceed to deal with this question in future.


AIMS: The goal of this study was to assess the effect of independent component neurofeedback (NFB) on EEG and clinical symptoms in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Subsequently we explored predictors of treatment response and EEG correlates of clinical symptoms. METHODS: In a randomized, double blind and parallel design 20 in-patients with OCD underwent 25 sessions of NFB or sham feedback (SFB). NFB aimed at reducing EEG activity in an independent component previously reported abnormal in this diagnosis. Resting state EEG recorded before and after the treatment was analysed to assess its post-treatment changes, relationships with clinical symptoms and treatment response. RESULTS: Overall, clinical improvement in OCD patients was not accompanied by EEG change as assessed by standardized low-resolution electromagnetic tomography and normative independent component analysis. Preto post-treatment comparison of the trained component and frequency did not yield significant results, however, in the NFB group, the nominal values at the down-trained frequency were lower after treatment. The NFB group showed significantly higher percentage reduction of compulsions compared to the SFB group (p=0.015). Pre-treatment higher amount of delta (1 – 6 Hz) and low alpha oscillations as well as lower amount of high beta activity predicted a worse treatment outcome. Source localization of these delta and high beta oscillations corresponded with previous EEG resting state findings in OCD patients compared to healthy controls.


The story of Chris McCandless, as told by Jon Krakauer, and more recently by Sean Penn, tells a familiar tale of going alone into the wilderness in search of the truth of oneself. Chris's story provides a parable to explore some of the motifs that inform contemporary outdoor education. In this paper I draw on the work of Michel Foucault and Judith Butler to examine the relationship between going 'into the wild' and the construction of knowledge about oneself and others. Of particular interest is Chris's realization that coming to know himself is less of an individual project than a process that involves other people. I suggest that a 'reading' of Chris's story may facilitate a more nuanced engagement with contemporary critiques that outdoor education has become a highly individualized experience.


For the general case of irregularly shaped tumors, the requirements of uniform dose to tumor, minimum dose to surrounding tissue, and protection of radiosensitive organs are better fulfilled in rotational therapy, if the beam shape changes continuously during the rotation. The value of such technics also depends on the number of installations that can use them and on the simplicity of their application. The following technics are applicable to rotating cobalt-60 units and rotating accelerators. In addition, they are simple and inexpensive, because the beam-shapers are oriented by gravity. Shaping of Beam Sides In the rotational treatment of any irregular and deep tumor, the integral dose to healthy tissue becomes minimum if the external rays of the beam are continuously tangent to the tumor surface. This can be achieved by two identical radiation absorbers suspended in the beam. The two shafts of suspension are parallel to the axis of rotation and symmetrical to the central ray of the beam. During the rot...


The foaming performance of LF refining slag with high basicity was investigated systematically and analyzed theoretically under lab conditions,with the molybdenum wire used to measure the height of foamed slag and the height taken as performance index.The results showed that the relative height of foamed refining slag increases with increasing slag viscosity and decreasing slag surface tension and slag density.In addition,when keeping the slag composition constant the relative height of foamed slag tends to increase first then decrease with increasing temperature and gas blowing flowrate.It was found that the proper composition of refining slag isω(CaO)/ω(SiO_2)5~8,ω(Al_2O_3)27%,ω(CaF_2)3%~6%,ω(MgO)8% andω(FeO) within 0.5 % respectively.


By 'effective length' it is meant that if the systemic arterial tree is represented by an equivalent tube with one terminal reflection site, the effective length is the distance from the aortic valve to this site. The purpose of the present study was to develop a reliable method to determine this distance. Aortic pressure and flow and aortic radius were measured in seven dogs during steady state. The arterial system was represented by a uniform elastic and frictionless equivalent tube loaded with a complex load. Load parameter and tube inertance and compliance were estimated by fitting pulsatile aortic flow with flow predicted by the model using pressure as input. The fit was good, and parameter estimates compared well to values reported in the literature. The tube length was calculated from estimates of the inertance and the inner aortic radius. The results confirmed that the quarter-wave formula traditionally used significantly overestimates the distance to the effective reflection site.<<ETX>>


The development of various contents has been accelerated with the explosive increase of the number of internet users, the rapid expansion of wireless internet service and the pervasion of mobile terminal. Mobile service is able to offer the elastic service to anyone regardless of the place and the time. With this characteristics, this service could be extended even to the pace which the access was limited with the existing line service. The purpose of this study is to propose a system which is able to make a remote control of computer by means of mobile as an example of the production of contents for such mobile service. With this system it could be identified what kind of job a user of PC is making by mobile phone regardless of the time and place. The functions such as termination reboot, messenger, macro execution, and timer are included. The greatest advantage of the system proposed in this paper is to protect the youth, who are making an access recklessly to the harmful site, by use of mobile at my time and any place.


Conducted in 1993, the National Job Corps Study (NJCS) found Job Corps improved education and training outcomes, reduced criminal activity, and improved earnings and employment outcomes. However, impacts on key outcomes were not associated with overall center performance measures. This study analyzed the relationship between unadjusted and regression-adjusted Job Corps performance measures and center-level impact estimates from the NJCS and found the adjusted performance ratings were uncorrelated with center-level impacts.


To quantify the risk of incident diabetes mellitus (DM) associated with the dosage, duration, and timing of glucocorticoid (GC) use in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).


The safety of drinking water is one of the major problems in the human society,directly related to human survival and health.Although China is a large agricultural country,the problem of rural drinking water is particularly prominent.In this paper,we took Hongcun which in the southern area of Anhui Province as the research object and analyzed the investigation of water quality.Based on the conventional detection of water quality,certain measures are put forward to improve the system of water environment in this area.Also this study provides a scientific reference for the regional government of Hongcun to make a strategic decision.


Seventeenadultpatientswith acute Plasmodiumfalciparum malaria, admittedtotheHospital forTropical Diseases, were studied.Serialmeasurements oftheserum concentration ofCreactiveprotein, serum amyloidA protein, and percentageparasitaemia were determined, together withinitial measurement of serum electrolytes, liverfunction, haemoglobin, whitecell and platelet counts.Initial C-reactive protein andserum amyloidA concentrations were increased (C-reactive protein mean 490mg/lserum amyloidA 28mg/ 1)falling towardsthenormalrange by theseventhdayoftreatment.Therewas a significant correlation betweenthepretreatment parasite count and clinical andlaboratory markersofinflammation. C-reactive protein andserum amyloidA concentrations correlated inversely with theserum sodium. Theseresults indicate thatmeasurement ofacutephasereactantssuchas Creactive proteinand serum amyloidA may prove valuablein assessing the severity ofPfalciparum malaria, andin following theresponse to antimalarial treatment.


Based on the airfoil design requirement of high lift-to-drag ratio and small pitch-down moment for tailless aircraft,the effects of forward-loading and aft-unloading on airfoil aerodynamic characteristics was investigated by CFD.Applying the idea of forward-loading and aft-unloading,the distribution of thickness and camber of airfoil were optimized,and the airfoil design with higher lift-to-drag ratio and small pitch-down moment has been successfully performed.Results indicated that this airfoil design method is efficacious and convenient in engineering.


The temporal pattern of control by phytochrome of the enzyme lipoxygenase (EC 126.96.36.199) in the mustard seedling (Sinapis alba L.) is described. The biosynthetic system which produces lipoxygenase does not respond to phytochrome (Pfr) up to 33.25 h after sowing (25°C). By this time the control by Pfr comes suddenly and fully into play. At 48 h after sowing the system escapes from the control by Pfr. Neither the beginning nor the end of the period of control is influenced by phytochrome. Interpretation of the data requires a double action control mechanism. It is argued that such a mechanism is necessarily a characteristic of development in multicellular organism.


One of the most promising approaches for the discovery of new antidiabetic agents is represented by the exploitation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) ligands. New agents that selectively target PPARs and molecules with combined activity on several PPARs (i.e., PPARa and PPARy) have been identified as potentially superior therapeutic agents for metabolic diseases. These include: 1) PPARa agonists, which exert significant antidyslipidemic and antiatherosclerotic effects; 2) PPARy agonists, which are effective in treating type 2 diabetes; 3) selective partial PPARy agonists with robust antidiabetic efficacy and fewer adverse effects than currently available agonists; 4) PPARy antagonists, which are powerful tools to study PPARy signaling pathways; 5) dual PPARa/y agonists, which beneficially affect carbohydrate and lipid metabolism; 6) PPARδ agonists, which may have beneficial effects on circulating lipids and obesity; and 7) pan-PPARaα/γ/δ agonists with excellent antidiabetic activity. The advances in antidiabetic agents targeting PPARs are summarized in this review.


Conservative education commentator, Kevin Donnelly is on a moral crusade, arguing on ABC's The Drum that Australia is a Christian nation under threat and that we 'need to acknowledge and celebrate Australia's Judeo-Christian heritage'. This is the latest in a series of recent thought-pieces on the place of Christian doctrine being enshrined in Australian culture, including pieces published in News Corp and Fairfax papers, ABC's The Drum and other online opinion sites.