The unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) is a combination of back to back connected shunt and series active power filters (APFs) to a common DC link voltage, which compensates voltage and current based distortions, independently. Generally the power conditioning devices are designed for complete compensation, irrespective of the requirement/priority. In this paper flexibility of selective compensation is proposed in the control scheme of shunt APF while, the series APF is switched 'on' or 'off', as per the requirements. The shunt APF compensates the source current harmonics, reactive power and unbalance in source currents and their combinations, depending upon the limited rating of voltage source inverter (VSI). In this proposed control scheme of UPQC, the current/voltage control is applied over the fundamental supply currents/voltages instead of fast changing APFs currents/voltages, thus reducing the computational delay and the required number of sensors. The performance of the proposed control scheme of UPQC is validated through simulations using MATLAB software with its Simulink and Power System Block set toolboxes.


Intimate partner violence affects 5% to 22% of women seen in primary care settings.1–4 Routine screening of all adult women is recommended by advocacy and medical organizations.5–7 However, implementation of screening has not been studied outside of a research intervention. Physician barriers to screening include concerns about time, training, and lack of available treatments.8,9 Women report barriers to disclosure, such as confidentiality concerns, shame, and fear of escalating violence or loss of child custody.10,11


A process for preparing clavulanic acid or pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof, wherein formula (II) is used as an intermediate to form an amine clavulanate, R


The presence of a computer network is a solution within the accuracy of any information, making it easier in the process of resource filter. With the computer network at the Syarif Hidayatullah Islamic University JAKARTA we need an integrated network system to support educational institutions UIN, because it is online then the system will be vulnerable UIN network viruses and intruders who try to enter and damage the system. So we need a safety to prevent it all. Because many network security in the UIN, the writer makes a web-based library applications with java server pages (JSP), which this program to determine the level of security in the application usage. Each user is given access codes to use libraries and applications access code to distinguish each user's authority on web-based application libraries with java server pages (JSP). Because web-based, it can be accessed anywhere when connected to the Internet.


A single factor randomized block design was adopted to study on the influences of growth of Eucalyptus trees by using different Eucalyptus compound fertilizers( treatment of A,sulfuric acid granulated fertilizer; B,steam granulated fertilizer; C,organic-inorganic fertilizer; D,organic-inorganic fertilizer + microbial agent; E,Hongying fertilizer). The tree height of all treatments at 1. 5 years old were 9. 30%- 23. 67% higher than that of the CK; The DBH of all treatments at 2 years old were 13. 28%- 18. 96% larger than that of the CK; The tree volume of all treatments at 2 years old were 38. 86%- 64. 41% larger than that of the CK. The order of treatments' influences on both tree height,DBH and volume of Eucalyptus was D B C A E CK. Therefore,organic-inorganic fertilizer + micro-organism can effectively improve utilization rate of fertilizer and promote the growth of Eucalyptus.


The authors discuss modeling's role in understanding the ice-ocean system, as well as its importance in predicting the future state of Arctic sea ice. In doing so, this article presents results from a hierarchy of models of different complexity, their strengths and weaknesses, and how they could help forecast the future state of the ice-ocean system.


[Objective] The study is to generate pharmaceutical protein via plant transgenic technique. [Method] Using the cotyledons with petiole as transformation receptor,the fusion gene of rapeseed oil-body gene and bFGF was introduced into the rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.) by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation;meanwhile regeneration conditions of rapeseed were also optimized,and the regenerated resistant plantlets were detected by PCR and Southern blot. [Result] This fusion gene had been integrated into rapeseed genome successfully,and the optimized conditions of transformation and regeneration were as follows: explants pre-culture for 2 d,co-culture for 3 d,bacteria solution OD600 for 0.3 and infection time for 5 min. [Conclusion] The results laid a solid foundation for extraction,isolation and purification of protein in transgenic plant seeds.


The advent of different social networking sites has enabled anyone to easily create, express, and share their ideas, thoughts, opinions, and feelings about anything with millions of other people around the world. With the advancement of technology, mini computers and smartphones have come to human pockets and now it is very easy to share your idea about anything on social media platforms like Facebook, twitter, Wikipedia, LinkedIn, Google+, Instagram etc. Due to the tremendous growth in population and communication technologies during the last decade, use of social networks is on the rise and they are being used for many different purposes. One such service for which their use may be explored is an analysis of users post to diagnosis depression. In this paper, we present how to find the depression level of a person by observing and extracting emotions from the text, using emotion theories, machine learning techniques, and natural language processing techniques on different social media platforms.


In the next decade, the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will detect the coalescence of massive black hole binaries (MBHBs) in the range $[10^4, 10^8] \, \rm M_{\odot}$, up to $z\sim10$. Their gravitational wave (GW) signal is expected to be accompanied by an electromagnetic counterpart (EMcp), generated by the gas accreting on the binary or on the remnant BH. In this work, we present the number and characteristics (such as redshift and mass distribution, apparent magnitudes or fluxes) of EMcps detectable jointly by LISA and some representative EM telescopes. We combine state-of-the-art astrophysical models for the galaxies formation and evolution to build the MBHBs catalogues, with Bayesian tools to estimate the binary sky position uncertainty from the GW signal. Exploiting additional information from the astrophysical models, such as the amount of accreted gas and the BH spins, we evaluate the expected EM emission in the soft X-ray, optical and radio bands. Overall, we predict between 7 and 21 EMcps in 4 yrs of joint observations by LISA and the considered EM facilities, depending on the astrophysical model. We also explore the impact of the hydrogen and dust obscuration of the optical and X-ray emissions, as well as of the collimation of the radio emission: these effects reduce the number to EMcps to 2 or 3, depending on the astrophysical model, again in 4 yrs of observations. Most of the EMcps are characterised by faint EM emission, challenging the observational capabilities of future telescopes. Finally, we also find that systems with multi-modal sky position posterior distributions represent only a minority of cases and do not affect significantly the number of EMcps.


In this work we present a study we present a comparative study of lithium insertion in several compounds of general formula MMoO 4 (M = Zn, Ni, Mn, Cu, Co) and in Al 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 , prepared by solid state reaction (RES) and by solution and precipitation (RS). The electrochemical study showed no difference on the performance of the compounds prepared by these two methods and with a similar degree of crystallinity. However, those compounds prepared by RS and fired to intermediate temperatures, incorporated a larger amount of lithium atoms although in all cases an irreversible transformation of the pristine materials was observed with a complete loss of crystallinity after the initial discharge. The amount of lithium atoms incorporated was large although the insertion is not reversible and most of them are not extracted afeter completing a charge-discharge cycle.


In the situation when computers, and primarily wide area computer networks, are easily accessible, it is possible to conduct examinations with no need for the examinee and the examiner to be in the same place at the same time. This paper suggests how to carry out this postulate.


Negative representations of young people as 'troublemakers,' 'idle' or 'politically disinterested' have been commonplace. More recently, newer representations include seemingly positive labels such as 'change agent,' 'politically engaged' and 'youth entrepreneurs.' This essay explores the politics of representing young people, particularly in the Global South, and highlights how young people are represented by political elites and how they represent themselves. The central argument is that the neoliberal development model promotes representations of young people that do not best serve their interests. Stuart Hall's work is used to understand how these representations conceal the chasm between contemporary discourses such as that of the 'Fourth Industrial Revolution,' 'Youth participation' and 'Sustainability,' and the lived experiences of young people in Southern contexts. Hall's theory of representations also highlights the politics operating between dominant discourses aimed at coopting so-called subordinate groups into a shared consensus, and the possibilities of disrupting that consensus.


A developing method is explored for remote casting process CAD system based on Internet. The balanced solidification and large-open outflow theory is adopted;ASP.NET is used to be the development tool of the system,and Access has been used to be the backstage data source, and ADO.NET technique is used to connect database;the key technique needed to realize the primary function of the system is introduced. Changing casting process CAD system from the single machine to the Internet will raise the share and the convenience of the upgrade and the maintenance of system, which avoids isolating and aging of system, and the multi-user can use the system without a break at the same time.


Background. Studies have suggested that wine drinkers are at lower risk of death than beer or spirits drinkers. The aim of this study is to examine whether the risk of becoming a heavy or excessive drinker differs among individuals who prefer different types of alcoholic beverages. Methods. In a longitudinal study of 10,330 moderate drinkers from Copenhagen, Denmark, we used logistic regression analyses to address the risk of becoming a heavy or excessive drinker (above 14 and 21 drinks per week, respectively, for women and above 21 and 35 drinks per week for men) according to preference of wine, beer, or spirits. Results. Compared with those who preferred wine, those who preferred beer tended to have increased risk of becoming heavy and excessive drinkers. Women who preferred beer had odds ratios of 1.14 (95% CI = 0.87-1.50) for becoming heavy drinkers and 1.50 (95% CI = 0.93-2.43) for becoming excessive drinkers. For men who preferred beer the ORs were 1.16 (95% CI = 0.84-1.58) and 1.81 (95% CI = 0.85-3.82). Conclusion. The finding that moderate wine drinkers appear to be at lower risk of becoming heavy and excessive drinkers may add to the explanation of the reported beverage-specific differences in morbidity and mortality.


Carbon black has been widely used in many industrial areas,but it is poor dispersibility in water.In order to improve its dispersibility in water,carbon black was treated by oxygen plasma.Plasma treatment,as one of the environmental friendly methods,has been used to introduce polar groups,mainly oxygen-containing groups,to the surface of carbon black.The results show the dispersibility of treated carbon black in water is greatly improved,which is expressed with the centrifugal and gravity settlement rates.Analysis of the treated carbon black with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)indicates that oxygen plasma treatment can cause significant increase of polar groups including C—OH,COOH,CO,and O—C—O on the surface of carbon black thus greatly improves the dispersing stability of carbon black in water.Besides,the dispersibility of plasma treated carbon black can be further improved by the addition of organic amines,especially polyetheramines.The improvement of the dispersing stability of carbon black has also been confirmed by zeta potential measurements.


The temperature of the Yellow River basin is going up in a fluctuation way and is of the same variation tendency with the global climate change.In the period of 1961-2000,the mean temperature of the Yellow River basin rises 0.6℃,of which,the range of fluctuation of headwater area is the maximum,resulting in sharp reduction of runoff rate in headwater area and reduction of water resources of the basin.It has great uncertainty to the outcomes of study on the influence of climate change to water resources of the Yellow River basin for the rough resolution of the global climate mode and difficult use in basin scale.In the past,the study was mainly concentrated on the influence of climate change to the average change of basin runoff,while the relations between mean event and extreme event are not linear and the variation of mean event and extreme event are not synchronous.It should strengthen the study on the aspects of influence of climate change of the Yellow River basin in the last century to water resources,climate-effect evaluation model of the river basin scale,extreme events of drought and flood disasters(nonlinear relations between the mean value variation of hydrometeorological elements and extreme events) and countermeasures of the basin management for handling the effect of climate change in order to increase the adaptable capability of the basin management to the climate change.


This invention relates to a process and device for de stroying solid waste by pyrolysis, in which a column of such waste is upwardly traversed at least partially by a stream of hot gas blown in at the base of said column, wherein said stream of hot gas is generated by at least one plasma jet. The invention results in the destruction of non-burned residues and in the improved flow of the molten residues.


ABSTRACTAbstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether tobacco companies doing their CSR activities as a CSR-washing or not. We seek the answer of these three questions; (1) Did tobacco companiesCSR activities signifanctly affect the sales of cigarretes? (2) Did tobacco companies CSR activities affect the number of smokers? And (3) Did tobacco companiesCSR activities signifanctly affect the growth of smokers? Using data that obtained from listed tobacco companies around the world, the results indicate that tobacco companies indeed engaged in CSR-washing activities. We found that tobacco companies CSRD significantly affected the number of sales, number of smokers, and the growth of smokers. In conclusion, we propose that there a relationship between CSRD and CSR-washingKeywords:Corporate Social Responsibility, Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure, CSR-Washing, Tobacco Companies.


Traffic flow prediction is an key technology in the ITS (Intelligent Transport System). However, there are lots of disadvantages in the traditional neural network prediction ways, including be sensitive to the initial network weights, easy to run into the local minimum point, etc. GABP network brings forward genetic algorithm to the BP neural network, optimizing the initial network weights. Proved by our research, not only the GABP network can avoid the disadvantages in the traditional BP network and inherit its good learning and training abilities, but also improve the prediction precision.


MCBI Algorithm was introduced, and a high-precision GPS software was used to conduct some post-processing tests of several rove stations of Guangzhou, Jiangsu and Tianjin CORS network, analyzed the precision of rove stations by using different ephemeris and in different regions, some useful conclusions is obtained at last.


This paper reported that the double primers (Pla F1) PCR method was applied in some materials (collected from 10 rats and 1 lymph of patient) of the plague spots in Wenshang County in Yunnan. These materials were amplified after they were dealed with 8% Clexe 100. The results showed that there were 4 positive portions in materials (4/11), more than the routine experimental test. This study suggested that the new method be used for diagnosis in the plague foci of Yunnan.


that changes in lymphocyte counts may occur more slowly as counts drop. Clearly, further research into the natural history of HIV and acquired immunodefi ciency syndrome in women, both pregnant and non pregnant, is needed. The increase in CD4 counts post partum to > 500 cells/mm' in the zidovudine-treated group emphasizes the need for further evaluation of the criteria for institution of zidovudine therapy during pregnancy. We conclude that during pregnancies complicated by HIV infection, total lymphocyte counts decrease with gestational age, with associated decreases in the CD4 and CD8 counts. As a result the use of absolute CD4 counts in the management of these pregnancies may result in unwarranted medical intervention. Although the use of zidovudine appears to reverse this trend toward lower CD4 counts, the clinical significance of this finding is uncertain.


Most accounts of female wage determination in Australia are essentially descriptive and focus on the major decisions handed down by federal industrial tribunals. These accounts generally follow the distinctions made by Mr Justice Higgins, the second President of the Commonwealth Court of Conciliation and Arbitration from 1907 to 1921, between male and female basic wages -- that the male basic wage was designed to satisfy the needs of a family of five (a man, his wife and three children) and the female basic wage was based on the needs of an individual -- and conclude with an examination of the 1969 and 1972 equal pay decisions.(1) Ryan and Rowse, on the other hand, have developed an analysis where they relate lower wages for women to the needs of capitalist hegemony and maintain that "sexist ideology and practices are part of a certain class structure in which both men and women are exploited, but women doubly so".(2) Women have not only received lower wages than men when performing the same work but have also been expected and conditioned to perform domestic duties in the household, and provide comfort and solace for their husbands.The point of departure of this article is that sexist ideology per se does not, in and of itself, provide a complete or adequate explanation of female wage determination. Bennett, for example, has pointed to "The possibility that other ideologies and institutional structures accepted and developed by the court could be just as, if not more, detrimental to women workers".(3)While Australia is a capitalist society, and historically sexist, Ryan and Rowse have failed to come to grips with an essential aspect of Australia's particular form of capitalism in their account of female wage determination. Australia's white Anglo-Saxon settlers have historically felt uneasy about their close proximity to Asia and have developed a racist ideology in response to this fear. White Australians have been fearful and conscious of the problems of defending a large thinly-populated continent from so-called `teeming hordes of yellow and brown Asiatics in the not so distant north'. The perceived need to populate or perish as a means of ensuring race survival and the advocacy of a White Australia Policy are important features of Australian social history. McQueen, in fact, has argued that "racism is the most important single component of Australian nationalism".(4) The white hegemony has also traditionally displayed racist attitudes and behaviour to Aborigines and Islanders. It should be noted that Australian racism is not a single uniform phenomenon. It varies in different regions and at different periods in time. For example, in Northern Queensland, Melanesian or Kanaka labour was imported to work on sugar-cane plantations because of the perceived inability of white males to work in tropical areas.(5) The particular aspect of Australian racism which is of concern here, however, is that concerned with the populate or perish thesis and the White Australia Policy.Mercer has developed the links between the racism of the White Australia Policy and sexism in the following terms:The exploitation of women in their `natural' roles was...blatant in the early days of white Australia, particularly their exploitation as breeding machines for the creation of a populous white Australia...The white male settlers of Australia wanted a populous white Australia and so they defined it as the duty of the women of Australia to `labour' towards that end.(6)This article argues that racism and the concomitant advocacy of populate or perish and a White Australia Policy are important ingredients which need to be incorporated into discussions of the development of sexual wage determination at the beginning of the twentieth century. To state this proposition in an alternative form: in the history of female wages, racist and sexist ideology are inextricably linked.The best evidence for this proposition is provided by the decisions of William Jethro Brown, President of the South Australian Industrial Court from January 1916 to August 1927. …


This paper presents an improved single-phase transformer model to analyse the performance of the transformer under DC bias. By using MATLAB, the magnetization characteristics and excitation current based on Jiles-Atherton theory are simulated. Thus using ANSYS, two-dimension magnetic field of the transformer is calculated. The calculation results show that the leakage flux would increase under DC bias. This is the reason why transformers have more serious local heat under DC biasing condition.


In this paper, we address the problem of robustness to both noise and speaker-variability in automatic speech recognition (ASR). We propose the use of pre-computed Noise and Speaker transforms, and an optimal combination of these two transforms are chosen during test using maximum-likelihood (ML) criterion. These pre-computed transforms are obtained during training by using data obtained from different noise conditions that are usually encountered for that particular ASR task. The environment transforms are obtained during training using constrained-MLLR (CMLLR) framework, while for speaker-transforms we use the analytically determined linear-VTLN matrices. Even though the exact noise environment may not be encountered during test, the ML-based choice of the closest Environment transform provides "sufficient" cleaning and this is corroborated by experimental results with performance comparable to histogram equalization or Vector Taylor Series approaches on Aurora-2 task. The proposed method is simple since it involves only the choice of pre-computed environment and speaker transforms and therefore, can be applied with very little test data unlike many other speaker and noise-compensation methods.


The comtinuing decline in the 16to 24-year-old population accounted for most of the half million drop in the schoolage work force between October 1982 and October 1983 . Sixty percent of this decrease was among students . In addition, labor force participation rates edged down among most student groups but were unchanged among out-ofschool youth. Lower unemployment rates were recorded among both students and nonstudents, reflecting the strengthened economy. Not all worker groups shared in this improvement, however.' (See table 1 .)


The transition from the Second Empire to the First Republic in Maranhão, it was from disputes within political and cultural elites, personificate by agents inserted in the field of law. Their attempts to monopolize the political themes of that time, made they was recognized as agents able to control the instances of power, among them parliaments and courts, as well as dominate the spheres of cultural production, composing literary academies, historical institutes and the similars. This was impedied the effective extension of the democratic exercise to historically excluded social sectors.


We describe the quantum electrodynamics of photons interacting with hydrogenic atoms and molecules in a class of strongly scattering dielectric materials. These dielectrics consist of an ordered or nearly ordered array of spherical scatterers with real positive refractive index and exhibit a complete photonic band gap or pseudogap for all directions of electromagnetic propagation. For hydrogenic atoms with a transition frequency in the forbidden optical gap, we demonstrate both the existence and stability of a photon-atom bound state. For a band gap to center frequency ratio \ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\omega}/${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}_{0}$\ensuremath{\sim}5%, the photon localization length ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{\mathrm{loc}}$\ensuremath{\ge}10L, where L is the lattice constant of dielectric array. This strong self-dressing of the atom by its own localized radiation field leads to anomalous Lamb shifts and a splitting of the excited atomic level into a doublet when the transition frequency lies near a photonic band edge. We estimate the magnitude of this splitting to be ${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}6}$ at the vacuum transition energies.


ing, and 3-month outcomes seem to be missing at random, as we were not able to identify any particular pattern on missing values. Therefore, we decided to exclude patients with missing data in any of these variables rather than use imputation strategies or algorithms that could increase even more residual bias and lead to erroneous conclusions. Safe Implementation of Treatments in Stroke (SITS) is a nonprofit, research-driven, independent, international collaboration that reflects clinical experience from several countries and institutions. SITS data, as captured in the International Stroke Thrombolysis Register (ISTR), have been used to date in numerous research projects published in high impact medical journals. Some of these SITS-ISTR publications had a direct impact on clinical practice and guideline recommendations, such as on the extension of time window to 4.5 hours and elimination of the upper age limit for intravenous thrombolysis administration in otherwise eligible patients with acute ischemic stroke. Finally, we welcome the analyses provided by the TRISP collaborators using data from the TRISP registry and we are particularly glad to see our findings being replicated in another multicenter registry (Fig). This analysis also includes patients with prior disability, who were originally excluded from our study. However, the definition of prior disability used in TRISP (mRS = 3–5) is not the same that we excluded from our analysis (mRS = 2–5). Although the TRISP collaborators suggest that intravenous thrombolysis administration is potentially safe for patients with history of disability and dual antiplatelet treatment, the absolute number of patients with disability receiving dual antiplatelet treatment is very limited in the TRISP registry to draw any firm conclusions. The adjusted associations presented by the TRISP collaborators provide a further independent confirmation of the findings from previous observational studies suggesting that patients on dual antiplatelet therapies prior to index stroke onset have similar safety outcomes and risks compared with patients without history of any antiplatelet intake. Based on the evidence we have so far, we highlight once again that history of dual antiplatelet pretreatment should not be used as a reason to withhold intravenous thrombolysis in otherwise eligible patients with acute ischemic stroke. The safety of intravenous thrombolysis administration in patients with both history of dual antiplatelet intake and baseline functional disability deserves to be further investigated.


The procedure provides an efficient access to 2-alkenylated glycals as exclusive (E) isomers and subunits of various pyran-containing natural substances.


Based on WINDOWS system and applied visual programming technology, programming methods of computer simulation system for bench blasting are introduced. The structure of this simulation system and content of each function module are analyzed. This system is characterized by interface well, function all-around, operation simple and easy extend etc., suited for blasting parameters optimum and blasting effect control for bench blasting.


The most frequent ways of maximum of tact realization in German culture are described in the article. Communicative strategies of politeness, aimed at keeping the face of the addressee in the speech acts of regret, advice, and invitation are singled out as dominant peculiarities of the speech acts in German lingua-cultural community


Objective to observe the analgesic effect and the adverse effect of controlled-release oxycodon in management of the moderate and severe cancer pain. Methods A total of 76 cases with moderate and severe cancer pain were treated with controlled-release oxycodon tablets. Evaluated outcomes included analgesic effect, scales of the functional assessment of quality of life, and side effects. Results Among all the 76 patients suffering moderate and severe cancer pain, 3 (3.9%) achieved slightly pain relief. The moderate, obvious, and complete pain relief occurred in 9 (11.8%), 39 (51.3%), and 25 (32.9%) patients, respectively. The pain was alleviated after treatment, pain grade 3.3?a1.5 was smaller then before (pain grade 8.2?a1.6, P0.05). Additionally, the patients had a significant superior activity for living quality. The karnofsky mark after treatment 70?a13 was higher then before 41?a11 (P0.05). Main adverse effect was constipation in 28 patients (36.8%). Conclusion The controlled-release oxycodon can effectively control cancer pain, improve the living quantity, and has comparatively slight adverse effects.


Author(s): Bander, M; Shaw, GL | Abstract: The left-hand discontinuities in the partial-wave amplitudes for - scattering are assumed to be dominated by the exchange of the meson in a form suggested by the Regge representation for a resonance. This Regge behavior provides the necessary high-energy cutoff and allows the ND equations to be solved. The partial-wave I=1 amplitudes are calculated for noninteger angular momenta ll1 as well as l=1. The trajectory (s) as well as the residue (s) of the -meson Regge pole are evaluated. An attempt is made to obtain a self-consistent solution for the relevant parameters, namely the position and width of the resonance and (0). The results of this calculation give (0)0.9. The I=0 vacuum trajectory is also discussed. © 1964 The American Physical Society.


Since extracranial occlusive disease causes atherothrombotic strokes, prophylactic endarterectomies of asymptomatic carotid stenoses to avert strokes have become a logical extension of pathophysiology. This logic was applied to both healthy, asymptomatic, and stroke-prone individuals, such as those undergoing peripheral vascular reconstruction, coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), or carotid endarterectomy for contralateral symptomatic transient ischemic attack (TIA). The expectation of preventing disabling strokes led to an unprecedented exploitation of this procedure, accounting for the second most common surgical procedure in the United States.' However, several circumstances have conspired to cast considerable doubt on the wisdom of performing prophylactic endarterectomies. In addition to the absence of clear-cut prospective evidence supporting its value, the occurrence of unacceptably high complication rates from surgery2 and the likelihood that the patient will succumb from coronary heart disease, a reflection of the diffuse nature of the atherosclerotic process, have dampened enthusiasm for the procedure and called for prospective studies to assess critically the indications for surgery." Because of the increasing concern over prophylactic endarterectomy, its value, abuse, and indications, a number of reviews, commentaries, and critiques have recently appeared.4 Despite the continuing controversy, it is clear that the question of whether prophylactic endarterectomy is of value will not be answered until a properly and rigorously designed prospective study is undertaken, much akin to the international study of extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery for stenotic or occlusive disease of the carotid c i rc~la t ion.~ Nonetheless, although the bulk of evidence indicates that prophylactic endarterectomy conveys no benefit to the patient with asymptomatic carotid bruit or stenosis, with or without significant "downstream" hemodynamic disturbance, practical guidelines must be developed to identify that subset of patients who may benefit from surgery. In addition to identifying the patients who may or may not benefit from prophylactic endarterectomy, a review will be provided on interventional techniques for risk factors for atherothrombotic strokes. Since it is axiomatic that without atherosclerotic lesions atherothrombotic strokes will not occur, it is apparent that greater and continuing efforts must be made to influence atheroma regression. We hope that efforts at inducing regression of atheroma, a generalized vascular problem, will also help to reduce both strokes and myocardial infarction. In summary, this article on asymptomatic carotid bruit and stenosis will review their perceived and potential problems and identify those patients particularly vulnerable for strokes who may benefit from endarterectomy. Finally, a sensible approach to reducing atheroma risk and to provoking atheroma regression will be discussed.


A gamma-gamma coincidence technique is applied to the determination of low levels of selenium in NBS standard reference materials, using the /sup 75/Se (n,..gamma..) product. The method is shown to provide accurate determinations in a variety of materials. Removal of interfering ..gamma.. rays at 136 and 264 keV due to /sup 181/Hf and /sup 182/Ta and suppression of Compton background by three to four orders of magnitude are realized by the coincidence counting procedure. Selenium concentrations (..mu..g g/sup -1/) of 0.024, 0.065, 0.084, 0.053, 1.1, 2.6, and 8.8 were determined for SRMs 1570, 1571, 1573, 1575, 1577, 1632, and 1633, respectively. Two sigma Se detection limits were approximately 10 to 20 ng g/sup -1/ for biological reference materials, and 50 to 100 ng g/sup -1/ for fly ash and coal using the conditions reported. 2 tables.


At the present stage of development of the market economy in Ukraine, the role of non-residential real estate lease of various forms of ownership has increased significantly as part of the activities of many businesses, which largely meets their basic need for property. During the crisis, the number of commercial disputes related to the lease of real estate increased significantly, but the jurisprudence to resolve them remains different, in particular, given the conflict of law on lease.
Disputes related to breaches of leases (non-performance or improper performance) are the most numerous of all disputes arising out of a lease. These commercial disputes are mostly dominated by property lawsuits, such as rent and penalty arrears, penalties for late return of leased property, the value of inseparable improvements, losses, fees for the actual use of property, as well as lawsuits for the obligation to take certain actions. (Encouragement to take property for rent, vacate the occupied premises with their transfer by deed, etc.).
Commercial disputes over damages caused by breaches of obligations by the parties under a real estate lease have recently become the subject of litigation. These disputes can be divided depending on who is the initiating party - the landlord (owner) or tenant. The most common in this category are claims of the owner of real estate for damages in the form of unearned income, and despite the difficulty of proving the plaintiff's validity of their claims in commercial litigation.
Judicial practice shows that in most cases it is difficult for a tenant in the business process to prove the impossibility of actual use of non-residential premises, while the acceptance of the leased object went unnoticed its shortcomings that exclude or significantly limit the use of property for its intended purpose.


In East Africa, Nile perch and Nile tilapia are major commercial fish species, providing reliable protein and income sources. However, their stocks are dwindling on Lake Kyoga due to land use and land cover (LULC) changes within the surrounding catchment. Thus, this paper aims at assessing the land use land cover on Lake Kyoga and its immediate catchment and how those changes affect the water quality and the local fish catches. The Iso-Cluster tool in ArcGIS was used to analyze Landsat images from the years 1989 to 2021 to obtain LULC information. The LULC classes were classified into water, wetland, agricultural land, rangeland, and settlements. Correction using a 2-tailed test of the water quality parameters with the LULC classes indicated a strong positive correlation of TN with water (0.71), a strong negative correlation of TP with rangelands (−0.83), and a strong positive correlation of Chl-a with settlement (0.98) at a 0.05 confidence level. The correlation of the recorded fish catch data with fishing gear showed a strong negative correlation with cast and monofilament nets. Continued use of illegal fishing gear was ranked number 1 of the causes of LULC by the stakeholders. Thus, the fisheries managers should collaborate with local stakeholders to boost declining fish catches for improved livelihoods and sustainable management.


Let p be an odd prime. In this paper we prove that if p 3, then the equation x ! = y(p+1)-y has no positive integer solutions (x,y).


A method of manufacturing a water-absorbing polymer particles having a blood absorption was improved by polymerizing droplets of a monomer solution at ambient gas phase, the monomer solution contains a surfactant, manufacturing method.


TO THE EDITOR: Sandhu and colleagues' cost analysis on the American Board of Internal Medicine's (ABIM) Maintenance-of-Certification (MOC) program (1) is the first step in what must become a serial evaluation of MOC value. We must determine whether the estimated time and expenses, which are substantial for an individual but gargantuan for the entire cadre of board-certified physicians, are really justified by the additional benefit or value provided to patients. According to my accountant, my personal direct and indirect costs to recertify for only the subspecialty of rheumatology in 2012 were much higher than the lowest estimate reported in the article. It is one thing to estimate the costs of MOC, but it is a much more important analysis to determine the value of MOC in terms of costs versus outcomes: patient protection, cost-savings from application of best care practices, and better efficiencies in health care delivery. That determination of value must also include an evaluation of the clinical relevance of such items as the arcane questions in the MOC evaluations and the demonstrated relevance of the entire MOC process to the stated goal of advancing quality medicine.


We propose and demonstrate the fabrication of a three-dimensional fishnet metamaterial by utilizing rolled-up nanotechnology. It consists of 6 alternating layers of silver and (In)GaAs with an array of subwavelength holes "drilled" by focused ion beams. By means of finite-integration technique simulations, we show that the fabricated structure is a single-negative material possessing a negative real part of the refractive index in the near-infrared regime. We show that the fabricatedmaterial can be made double negative by slightly changing the size of the holes.


The author argues that while much attention is being focused on the frost-heave test at present, there is a danger that insufficient attention is given to other requirements for sub-base and base materials. In deciding whether a granular material is suitable for sub-base or base construction the following tests should be carried out in addition to the frost-heave test: grading, plasticity of fines, compaction tests, 10% fines value, and CBR. Following the results of an earlier TRRL report which indicated poor reproducibility of these tests, a specification, which dealt with the preparation of soil samples for test, was circulated for comment. Problems of the preparation of samples for the frost-heave test are discussed. /TRRL/


In the 20th century,to satisfy the citizens' need of "interest" was the creation purpose of "Shanghai Style" Literature;its spiritual tradition lasted in the Citizen Literature.After the founding of new China,it went through some criticizing and transformation in the cultural field,which was based on the profound understanding of realistic culture and out of the political need of the country.Simple and crude as the transformation and criticizing is,it is worth of the efforts.As a demonstrator of the sick facade of modern Chinese social development,Citizen Literature,with the "Shanghai Style" Literature as its spiritual tradition,lacks a sense of independence and criticism;and the limitation of "let-go" attitude alienation is also an unavoidable spiritual limitation.


The past decade has witnessed sustained interest in the process of McDonaldization (Hayes & Wynyard, 2002; Ritzer, 1998, 2002; Smart, 1999). When The McDonaldization of Society was first published (Ritzer, 1993), McDonald's was in the midst of a remarkable 40-year rise during which it changed the way America eats by pioneering the concept of fast food. By using factory-like techniques to serve a stripped-down menu of hamburgers, fries, and shakes more quickly than was possible at a traditional hamburger stand, and by acting on a business model that emphasized expansion through franchising, McDonald's grew from a single hamburger stand to an American institution in just a few decades. Today, McDonald's has more than 30,000 outlets worldwide, serves more than 40 million customers per day, and does $40 billion in annual sales, making it by far the largest selling restaurant chain in the world. Ironically, however, sustained interest in McDonaldization recently has been accompanied by the declining fortunes of the McDonald's Corporation. Stock shares that reached a height of $49 per share in 1999 traded at about $22 per share in the summer of 2003 (off about 55%). Earnings growth and same-store sales, key indicators of corporate health, have fallen for 3 years straight. In December 2002, McDonald's reported its first quarterly loss in more than 40 years of business. McDonald's reacted by announcing plans to end operations entirely in three countries, to close more than 700 other restaurants worldwide, and to lay off several hundred employees. Given that it continues to control about 40% of the fast food market, such bad news might be interpreted as a tem porary setback, the joint result of one-time events (i.e., closing stores in Turkey) and world economic trends (i.e., the falling value of the dollar). Support for this interpretation can be found in the fact that McDonald's continues to grow, albeit


how to reach the caecum is responsible for many deaths that could otherwise be avoided. In the matter of drainage I firmly believe that it is better to drain a case that is questionable than to close one up that subsequently develops an abscess. In addition to the sites of drainage which Sproat uses, I invariably place a cigarette drain down into the right pelvis; this is particularly necessary where you are using the Fowler position following operation. Another very important point in the handling of these cases is the saturation of the patient's system with fluid. As has been so well shown by Crile, this can best be accomplished through hypodermoclysis. My routine is to give the patient at least 3000 cc. during the first twenty-four hours-he is kept well morphinized and in a Fowler position. I use practically the same incision which Sproat describes; occasionally in clean cases in children or young males I will use the muscle-splitting incision of McBurney. Robert R. Craig, M. D., (Tonopah, Nev.)-More than half of my acute appendicitis cases are ruptured. I have never operated without removing the appendix, and so far have had no catastrophies traceable to this procedure. By gentle, careful technique most appendices can be located, isolated and removed without evisceration or contamination of the whole abdominal cavity. I see no advantage in the right rectus abdominis incision and often the disadvantage of opening into the free peritoneal cavity, instead of into the main objective, for one can to better advantage explore the abscess from the inside than from the outside. I prefer the right external incision, as far out as possible, sometimes opening directly into the abscess extraperitoneally. Through this incision one follows the leads, edematous peritoneum, omentum, and inflamed bowel, and by palpation reaches the abscess cavity, which is evacuated; and explored with the gloved finger, the appendix located and isolated with as little disturbance of protective walls as possible; often when the caecum is adherent the appendix is removed without drawing it into the incision. Three drains are used, one at least a cigarette or rubber tube, placing one in the pelvis, one tQ the stump of the appendix, and one high to upper limit of infection among the coils of inflamed intestine and omentum. If any part of the appendix lies without the abscess wall, the abscess is usually a very small one and at no point adherent to anterior parietes. Dr. Sproat (closing)-I believe that conservatism, in not breaking down protective barriers to remove the appendix in acute cases where such barriers exist, is coming into more general usage. The more virulent the infection the greater the need for the absence of tissue trauma, and breaking down natural protective walls. In the majority of these cases the appendix extends outside of these walls, and they are notoriously difficult of removal, even with the greatest possible care. Lower and Jones of Cleveland, in their paper read before the Section on Surgery, general and abdominal, at the American Medical Association meeting last June, state as follows: "The high operative mortality in cases of acute appendicitis and the postoperative morbidity in cases of chronic appendicitis are, in our opinion, due in large measure to the common belief that in each case the only, proper procedure is removal of the appendix." And again, "In acute appendicitis we would emphasize our own adherence to the procedures outlined, and to Crile's principle of confining the primary operative procedure to incision and drainage only; if the appendix is not readily accessible, the removal of the appendix and such other exploration as may be necessary being deferred until the acute state is past." Since this paper was read, I operated upon a patient with an acute fulminating infection which caused rupture and abscess in thirty-six hours of onset, and within twenty-three days the incision had closed and he had left the hospital. From past experiences with removal, convalescence, I am sure, would have been a stormy one had this been done. KIDNEY AND URETERAL STONE SURGERY*


The paper introduces the teaching mode and teaching characteristics of Functional Anatomy taught by a famous professor of Hong Kong Polytechnic University.Then it discusses the teaching implication so as to better understand the teaching mode of the course and provide reference in Functional Anatomy teaching for our universities.


: System on chips containing IP cores and traditional methods for communication such as bus, are not suitable solution for future System on chips (SOC). As the complexity of the SOC is increasing, it is impossible to send signals from one end to another end within a clock cycle. Problems such as global wire delay and global synchronization will be the limitations; Network on chip is an emerging approach for the implementation of on chip communication architecture. Network on chip a communication centric approach and it is a possible solution for communication architecture of future System on chips that are composed of switches and IP cores where communicate among each other through switches.. In contrast to normal beliefs, on chip interconnections suffer from certain physical limitations which lead to great performance reduction. How the changes made in traditional NOC to best fit for the today's requirement is the subject of this paper. We discuss new techniques. We discuss the unique problems posed by synchronous NOCs and discuss the different Asynchronous NOC model as the promising solution. We survey work to build accurate simulation models for on chip communication, propose a programming model for efficient router design for embedded application.


In this study, an efficient topology optimization method under crash loads is proposed by combining the equivalent static loads with a model order reduction method, which is referred as the reduced model–based equivalent static loads method for nonlinear dynamic response topology optimization method. Considering that some parts of the vehicle experience large nonlinear deformations, whereas others exhibit only small linear deformations in a vehicle crash scenario, the linear and nonlinear behavior parts are identified and the whole model of the complete structure is divided into nonlinear and linear sub-models. At each cycle, the model order reduction method is used in the linear sub-model during crash analysis to solve the low-density-elements-induced mesh distortion problem and accelerate this process. In the linear static topology optimization, the nonlinear sub-model that was initially used to describe the nonlinear behavior part is linearized by the equivalent static loads method and then reduced by the Guyan reduction method. Then, the reduced equivalent static load model is assembled into the linear sub-model that is defined as the design space to formulate a reduced topology optimization model of the complete structure and the reduced equivalent static loads that only act on master degrees of freedom are calculated. Finally, the linear static topology optimization is performed based on the reduced topology optimization model with the reduced equivalent static loads to enhance the efficiency and improve the numerical stability. The process is repeated until the convergence criterion is satisfied. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by investing a numerical example. The results show that the proposed method provides a feasible strategy for the topology optimization under crash loads, which can effectively improve the numerical stability and convergence.


Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) is one of the most widely grown food grain crop in the world however, durum production and productivity is highly depending on many factors. Salinity is one of the major environmental factors limiting its growth. Improving salt tolerance in durum wheat is a big challenge in the world particularly in the consumer's durum countries. The present study was conducted with the objective of investigating the genetic architecture of salt tolerance in F3 lines and their parents grown under salt stress to identify QTLs related to salt tolerance in durum wheat. A total of 163 F3 plants were subjected to salt stress at seedling stage. Fifty- seven polymorphic markers were used for genotyping F2 plants and their parents. Using composite interval mapping, two major QTLs for % DL were detected on chromosome 4B and 5B with 25% and 43% of the phenotypic variation respectively. of mapping QTLs controlling salt tolerance in F2:3 populations of durum wheat derived from a cross between Razzek (salt sensitive variety) and Saragolla (salt tolerant variety).


An equipment replacement and funding plan did not exist for Eau Claire Fire Rescue. The department had an excellent apparatus replacement program with an appropriate funding source in place to meet the existing and future requirements of the organization, but an equipment replacement program was not available. During the 1999 fiscal year budgeting process it became disturbingly noticed by all involved that the budgeting process appeared to be ill conceived with little-to-no justification for requests. Some department equipment was becoming mature with "crisis purchasing" occurring, which caused questionable equipment purchases. This research project analyzed reasons why fire departments develop equipment replacement and funding plans and the life expectancies of different pieces of equipment. Documents within Eau Claire Fire Rescue were also evaluated to determine a method to fund a replacement plan. The purpose of this project was to justify the need and to develop an equipment replacement and funding plan for Eau Claire Fire Rescue. This research employed both descriptive and action research methodologies to identify: 1. What motivates fire departments to develop and implement equipment replacement plans? 2. What are the recognized fire service life expectancy standards for emergency fire equipment? 3. Are financial resources available to fund an equipment replacement plan in Eau Claire Fire Rescue? The procedures used were a literature review utilizing subject matter research from the University of Wisconsin Eau Claire Library and the National Emergency Training Center


'Beijing 403'is a new open field cucumber F1 hybrid developed by crossing excellent inbred line 96-Ch4 as female parent and 96-55 as male parent.It is resistant to downy mildew,powder mildew,cucumber mosaic virus,and tolerant to high temperature.The plant has strong growth vigor.It bears fruits mainly in main stem.The first female flower appears in the 5th-7th node.The fruit is crisp and sweet with white spine and straight bar.The fruit is about 33 cm in length and 200-250 g in weight.Its total yield is 60.0-78.0 t·hm-2 in open field cultivation in spring and summer.It has been extended in Beijing,Hebei,Liaoning,Shoanxi,Shaanxi area.It is suitable for cultivation in open field in north China and partial areas of southern China in spring.


Permutation flow shop scheduling problem deals with the production planning of a number of jobs processed by a set of machines in the same order. Several metaheuristics have been proposed for minimizing the makespan of this problem. Taking as basis the previous Alternate Two-Phase PSO (ATPPSO) method and the neighborhood concepts of the Cellular PSO algorithm proposed for continuous problems, this paper proposes the improvement of ATPPSO with a simple adaptive local search strategy (called CAPSO-SALS) to enhance its performance. CAPSO-SALS keeps the simplicity of ATPPSO and boosts the local search based on a neighborhood for every solution. Neighbors are produced by interchanges or insertions of jobs which are selected by a linear roulette scheme depending of the makespan of the best personal positions. The performance of CAPSO-SALS is evaluated using the 12 different sets of Taillard's benchmark problems and then is contrasted with the original and another previous enhancement of the ATPPSO algorithm. Finally, CAPSO-SALS is compared as well with other ten classic and state-of-art metaheuristics, obtaining satisfactory results.


The magnetic current excited by an electric dipole on a slot printed between two different homogeneous media has been derived in analytical form under the non restrictive assumption of small slot width in terms of wavelength (see Neto, A. and Maci, S., Technical Report No D/21321, California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory). Starting from this magnetic current, we constructed a ray-optical field structure in the denser medium from a space-domain stationary phase approximation (see Neto and Maci, ibid., p.490-3), finding leaky and lateral wave rays emerging from separated points on the slot axis and propagating with the ambient wavespeed along the surface of radiation cones. We derive a rigorous pole saddle point uniform asymptotic solution starting from the continuous spectrum representation of the Green's function solution. Regarding the lateral wave, its higher radial asymptotic order legitimates its negligibility in the present uniform asymptotic evaluation. The result obtained, and the physical insight gained, from this prototype solution provides a further building block for extension to more general Green's function problems of open or semi-open waveguiding and leaky structures.


Palmer, R. Barton, Hollywood's Dark Cinema: The American Film Noir. New York: Twayne, 1994, 206 pp., $15.95 (paper). R. Barton Palmer's Hollywood's Dark Cinema: The American Film Noir serves as either a separate critical introduction or a complementary companion to his forthcoming reference book, Perspectives on Film Noir (New York: G. K. Hall, 1996). One is not sure because, although Palmer mentions his upcoming work in footnotes and his biography, the connection between these works remains a mystery. Although there has been little fanfare, only a few special journal issues on film noir (see Bright Lights 12), and a couple of noir film festivals (such as those held at the Film Forum in New York and the Music Box in Chicago), a desire to recuperate various issues surrounding noir films and theories has emerged with a vengeance. Now that contemporary critics are praising such neo-noirs as John Dahl's The Last Seduction (1994) and Quentin Tarantino's Pulp Fiction (1994), we may be witnessing a full-fledged return of noir studies to the public consciousness. Among the many books on noir published in the last 10 years besides Palmer's are J. P Telotte's Voices in the Dark (Urbana: U of Illinois P, 1989), in which he applies Foucault and structuralism to reveal noir filmmaking as experimental "discourse"; Frank Krutnik's In a Lonely Street (New York: Routledge, 1991), which relies on neo-Freudianism, poststructuralism, and definitions of masculinity for its analysis; and Alain Silver and Elizabeth Ward's third edition of Film Noir: An Encyclopedic Reference to the American Style (Woodstock, N.Y.: Overlook, 1992). Also in 1992, Carl Richardson, in Autopsy: An Element of Realism in Film Noir (Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow), argues that the noir film represents the end of a historical cycle of realistic 1940s and '50s texts of social criticism, and editor Ian Cameron culls together classic articles from Movie magazine on both traditional and post-1958 film noir in his The Book of Film Noir (New York: Continuum). More recently, Joan Copjec edited a reader, Shades of Noir (New York: Verso, 1993), which includes essays centered on issues of cultural criticism and post-Lacanian psychoanalysis as located in both classic and neo-noir movies. Restricting this interest in noir to American national cinema would be an error. One must also accept for consideration the release of Robin Buss's 1994 text, French Film Noir (New York: Marion Boyars). Hollywood's Dark Cinema, reflecting its cross-cultural debts, also returns to the French roots of film noir. In six well-written chapters, Palmer argues that the most useful way to approach noir texts is to pursue the thematic approaches Raymond Borde and Etienne Chaumeton introduced in the ur-text for noir criticism, Panorama du Film Noir Americain (Paris: Editions de Minuit, 1955). Palmer's book, part of Twayne's Filmmakers Series, is an appropriate introduction to most of the elements of classic film noir study. In Palmer's words, his purpose "is to provide a historical understanding of the classic period of dark cinema" (29). Despite what is a juggling act in chapter 1, considering his admitted audience of scholars, students, and the general reader, Palmer introduces some complex theoretical problems and intriguing thematic patterns without oversimplifying too many of the assorted facets of either Palmer usefully debunks various theories that claim noir is a stylistic device, a cycle of films, or an artistic revolution against Hollywood filmmaking. He sees noir, rather, as developing from within the standard Hollywood system of filmmaking in which "noirs have much in common with the ordinary studio product" (7). But Palmer also recuperates key differences in the thematic content of virtually every film noir that separate the noir film from standard Hollywood fare. One area in which classic film noir takes exception is in its ability to "offer a bleak vision of contemporary life in American cities, which are presented as populated by the amoral, the alienated, the criminally minded, and the helpless" (6). …


A simplified model predictive control (S-MPC) for open-winding permanent magnet synchronous motor system fed by two isolated power sources is proposed in order to remove the complex tuning work of weighting factors and reduce the calculation burden in the conventional MPC. Control constraints torque and flux in the conventional MPC are converted into an equivalent flux vector for the purpose of eliminating the weighting factor in the cost function. Moreover, a novel prediction strategy and a fast voltage selection scheme are presented to reduce the system calculation burden. As a result, the optimal voltage is selected through only twice evaluations. Furthermore, a switching states distribution strategy is introduced to reduce the switching frequency of a dual inverter. Comparative experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.


This paper uses a restricted factor model to estimate the HICP index excluding relative prices changes. The index thus obtained, hereinafter referred to as pure inflation, demonstrates stronger relationship to This paper analyses the properties of the transaction process for the most liquid stock traded at the Warsaw Stock Exchange, namely Bioton (ISIN: PLBIOTN00029), in the light of market microstructure theory. The Autoregressive Conditional Duration and Autoregressive Conditional Multinomial models are estimated for the transaction process. Estimation results are interpreted in favour or against market microstructure hypotheses. Tests are conducted for the ACD models in order to assess their fit to the data and in order to search for ways of improving fit. The article is a follow-up of research by Bien [1].


Sheep of a line (S) selected on an index to increase lean weight and decrease fatness at an age, and a control line (C), were given a high quality food at different levels including ad libitum . Live performance was measured from about 21 to 114 kg live weight. The carcasses of each line were analysed for lean, fat and bone at three widely varying weights in both males and females. Level of feeding did not affect the extent to which S was superior to C in either the level of fatness in the carcass (0·86 as much) or the ratio of lean to fat (1·28 as much). The lean to bone ratio was slightly greater in S (1·028 of the value of C; P < 0·05) and was higher on the lowest level of feeding compared with the two higher levels used ( P < 0·05 in one experiment on females and P < 0·001 in another on males). On ad libitum feeding the S line grew 1·19 times as fast and was 1·17 times as efficient compared with C. These advantages to S decreased as level of feeding decreased to become virtually zero at the lowest level of feeding used, which allowed C to grow at only 0·53 of the rate seen on ad libitum feeding. On ad libitum feeding growth was well described by a Gompertz growth function of the form W = (Z/B) exp(-exp (G 0 ‐B t)). The maximum growth rate is (Z/e). Line S had a value of Z that was 1·10 that of C averaged across the two sexes. A Spillman function W = W 0 + (A-W 0 ) (1-exp (-k F)) was used to describe weight, W, in terms of cumulative intake, F. It worked well for ad libitum feeding and for the two restricted regimes used. The value of the combined parameter (A k) varied across treatments in the same way as efficiency did.


The invention discloses a reverse osmosis membrane chemical cleaning method which performs chemical cleaning on a polluted reverse osmosis membrane by a combination of acid cleaning and chlorine cleaning. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out acid cleaning on the reverse osmosis membrane by using citric acid to remove inorganic salt scales and metallic ions on the membrane surface; and carrying out chlorine cleaning technique to perform deeper cleaning on the reverse osmosis membrane, wherein the chlorine cleaning not only can remove biological sewage, but also can have favorable sterilizing effect. The chlorine cleaning process is implemented by carrying out chemical cleaning on the membrane by using an oxydol solution under the condition of certain residual chlorine concentration. Repeated field reverse osmosis polluted membrane cleaning by combining acid cleaning and chlorine cleaning proves that the technique can be popularized and implemented and has especially obvious effect on the reverse osmosis system with reduced membrane flux due to biological sewage.


Chemical and sensory variables were measured at intervals during the spoilage of different catches of fish stored up to 22 days in ice. The relation between the chemical and sensory variables was examined and found to differ from catch to catch. It is shown that the volatile base content of fish muscle is a less precise index of eating quality than was expected, although it has considerable value.


The utility model discloses an integrated suspension-basket hoisting device, which comprises main longitudinal girders consisting of trusses. The main longitudinal girders are connected through beams consisting of trusses. The main longitudinal girders are provided with operating platforms. The operating platforms are provided with hoisting devices. The main longitudinal girders and/or the beams are connected with steel strands. The other ends of the steel strands are connected with pylons; and supporters are connected between the main longitudinal girders and the pylons. The hoisting device uses the pylons and the steel strands as front support points, and is simple in structure; the hoisting device is safe and reliable under specific force with simple construction procedures, is adaptable to various environmental and construction conditions and brings excellent economic benefits. The materials used can be recycled, thus saving social resources and reducing waste.


Among other living things, it is man's dignity to value certain ideals above comfort, and even above life. This human trait makes of medicine a philosophy that goes beyond exact medical sciences, because it must encompass not only man as a living machine but also the collective aspirations of mankind.

Rene Jules Dubos (1901-81), French/American microbiologist, in Mirage of Health


Purpose

To compare the key EU regimes regulating direct lending by private funds.

Design/methodology/approach

Provides a summary of the key factors to be examined when looking at the provision of direct loans by private funds in the key jurisdictions, followed by a summary of existing pan-European regulations, followed by a focus regulations in on the UK, Germany, France and Italy.

Findings

The liberalisation of the national regimes for loan origination by funds in many European Union jurisdictions is a welcome development for both credit fund sponsors wishing to access investment opportunities in these jurisdictions and the borrowers unable to secure adequate financing from traditional sources such as banks. At the same time, the creation of a pan-European regulatory regime, with a passport for lending activities, would further facilitate market access by loan originating funds, as long as such regime does not impose onerous burdens or unnecessary restrictions on the funds and their managers.

Practical implications

The article gives an insight on the relative opportunities for direct lending funds in the EU, and how best to structure to take advantage of them.

Originality/value

Practical guidance from experienced financial services lawyers


Since the very moment of their appearance two recent works of Euphrase KezilahabiNagana (1990) and Mzingile (1991)hold a very special place in the whole development ofKiswahili literature, giving a lot of puzzles for the reader and a lot of material for the scholars of literature. I\'' m going to dwell upon only one aspect of the book its generic origin; for I think that this question will sooner or later arise. To this effect, I would dare first narrate very briefly the contents of the book I would refer to it as `the book ́, although it actually consists of two parts but these parts are so closely related to each other, that it seems possible to speak of Nagana and Mzingile as one piece of work. To what literary genre shall we ascribe the latest work of Tanzania` s leading writer? I would dare to come forward with such a question, because within the structure of the book there seem to be at least four more or less easily tangible stylistic plans. The first one I would call a folkloristic plan, for Kezilahabi uses widely and vividly the elements of African folklore from mythological concepts to folklore plots, inserted into the narration. The second stylistic plan of the book can be called that of a parable a parable in the sense of a self-contained story conveying didactic message to a reader or a listener. The book is full of such stories. The next stylistic plan one can call that of science-fiction or, I would rather say, of antiutopia, for the author draws apocalyptic pictures of the world after the nuclear war, implyin the technique inherent to science-fiction novels. Finally, another stylistic plan of the book can be called realistic for the author gives, for example, the descriptions of modern city, where the Msichana-Mwokozi dwells, or of an African village, when he tells about the childhood of the main character, using the traditions of east African realistic novel, portraying shortly but vividly urban and rural life. I would say that this realistic plan takes smaller place than the other three but it is by no means less noticeable.


Costly punishment represents an evolutionary puzzle because it involves an individual paying a cost to harm another individual (1, 2). A recent study by Wu et al. (3) confirmed earlier conclusions (4) that costly punishment is mostly maladaptive and may have evolved for other reasons. We welcome their emphasis on cultural differences in experimental games (5), but we argue that these first tests (3, 4) are not yet conclusive with regard to the functional significance of costly punishment. There are three problems: (i) the definition of "defection" in their Prisoner's Dilemma is problematic for studies on punishment, (ii) a closer examination of their payoff matrices reveals them to be nonconducive to punishment, and (iii) their specific game structure imposes an additional opportunity cost that further reduces the effectiveness of punishment.


As a particular type of alpine glacier, debris-covered glaciers are essential for local water resources and glacial disaster warnings. The Eastern Tomur Peak Region (EPTR) is the most concentrated glacier in Tien Shan Mountain, China, where the glaciers have not been studied in detail. This paper evaluates the delineation accuracy of Landsat8 OLI, Sentinel-1A, and GF images for debris-covered glaciers in the EPTR. Each image uses the most advanced delineation method for itself to minimize the error of inherent resolutions. The results show that the accuracy of these images for delineating debris-covered glaciers is very high, and the F1 scores are expressed as 96.73%, 93.55%, and 95.81%, respectively. Therefore, Landsat images were selected to analyze the area change of EPTR from 2000 to 2022 over a 5-year time scale. The results indicate that glaciers of the EPTR decreased by 19.05 km2 from 2000 to 2020, accounting for 1.9% (0.08% a−1), and debris increased by 10.8%, which validates the opinion that the presence of debris inhibits glacier melting. The most varied time was 2010–2022, but it was much less than other Tien Shan regions. The lower glacier ablation rate in this area results from the combined effect of decreased bare ice and increased debris. The main reason for the change in debris-covered glaciers is the increase in temperature.


Migration of aluminium from disposable aluminium foil pans and trays into foods was investigated. When a sample was cooked with soup for noodles (tsuyu) previously diluted according to the directions, the migration level of aluminium from the pan was from 1/2 to 1/6 of that when tap water was first boiled in the pan and then tsuyu and foods were added. That is, the migration of aluminium was depressed by the addition of tsuyu and/or foods.The migration level of aluminium into commercial dishes cooked in a disposable aluminium foil pan by boiling according to the directions was less than 0.2μg/g. In the case of commercial dishes cooked in a disposable aluminium foil tray by baking, the migration level was not more than 0.03μg/g.The migration of aluminium from disposable aluminium foil vessels into foods was less than that into food-simulating solvents, so the data suggest that the migration was depressed by adding foods.These results suggested that the human intake of aluminium from disposable aluminium foil vessels is extremely low.


opened his recent study of The Southern Past (2005) by recounting how Richmond city council recently renamed two bridges that span the James River ; formerly named for Confederate generals, the bridges are now named for civil rights activists. Will Kaufman's lively introduction to the Civil War's continuing culture wars is therefore a timely publication for those wondering why the Civil War still resonates in American culture. Kaufman ranges widely in his analysis, from the '' antebellum groundwork '' of minstrelsy and literature, to martyrdom via the figures of John Brown, Stonewall Jackson and, of course, Lincoln himself. Women and the war are brought to life via a discussion the ''distaff soldiers '' of the conflict, and brought up to date with historian Lauren Cook's successful legal challenge against the attempt to ban her from Civil War re-enactments. Moving from ''PC'' to PCs, a chapter on the ''virtual Civil War '' explores Civil War-gaming, online and on PS2s, and the study concludes with a brief survey of the '' transnational '' reverberations of the war and the present-day culture wars as these play out in literature and film. Given that this is a short, introductory survey, Kaufman has had to be selective. However, it is surprising that more space is not devoted to the early incarnations of the UDC, the many Ladies' Memorial Associations in the South and their role in ensuring that the war entered American culture on Confederate terms, and, crucially, the African American challenge to this via Emancipation Day celebrations. The absence of any discussion of Civil War battlefields seems an avoidance of one of the most significant aspects of the Civil War's modern role. A few errors irritate : Frederick Law Olmsted also wrote the New York Tribune's series, ''Southerners at Home'' (6) ; Lincoln was elected in 1860, not 1861 (20) ; and it was certainly not the case that '' the Civil War was the first American war in which conscription manned the armies of both sides '' (39). Only 6 percent of Union forces, for example, were raised via the draft. These minor points, however, should not detract from what is a vibrant and engaging study that conveys an enthusiasm for the subject that students, one hopes, will find infectious.


The authors have reduced modulator drive voltage in DFB-LD/modulator integrated light sources (DFB/MODs) taking fabrication tolerance into account. By enhancing the quantum confined Stark effect through well width increase and optimising the doping profile, DFB/MODS with >13 dB extinction ratio at 1.5 V and >4 mW (+6 dBm) output power at 100 mA were achieved while maintaining a reasonably large fabrication tolerance.


We consider the problem of sharing the cost of receiving a service among a set of users. This problem has been studied extensively in the coalitional game theory literature. In recent years, a certain class of cost-sharing methods, called cross-monotonic cost-sharing schemes, has received special attention, since it has been shown that they lead to groupstrategyproof mechanisms. We study the properties, characterization and limitations of these schemes in the domain of combinatorial optimization games.


Sensitive and confidential data are a requisite for most companies, so protection for this data takes great attention by company's top management, administrators and IT managers. Data leakage causes negative impact on companies. The traditional security approaches, such as firewalls, can't protect data from leakage. Data leakage/loss prevention (DLP) systems are solutions that protect sensitive data from being in non-trusted hands. This paper is an attempt to survey and study DLP systems that will be conducted as well as a comparison with other security and data protection approaches.


Aspect Based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA) is a fine-grained task compared to Sentiment Analysis (SA). It aims to detect each aspect evoked in a text and the sentiment associated to each of them. For English language, many works using Pre-Trained Models (PTM) exits and many annotated open datasets are also available. For French Language, many works exits in SA and few ones for ABSA. We focus on aspect target sentiment analysis and we propose an ABSA using French PTM like multilingual BERT (mBERT), CamemBERT and FlauBERT. Three different fine-tuning methods: Fully-Connected, Sentences Pair Classification and Attention Encoder Network, are considered. Using the SemEval2016 French reviews datasets for ABSA, our fine-tuning models outperforms the state-of-the-art French ABSA methods and is robust for the Out-Of-Domain dataset.


. In this Paper we improve upon results on the almost sure approximation of the empirical process of weakly dependent random vectors, recently obtained by Berkes and Philipp (1977) and Philipp and Pinzur (1980). For strongly mixing sequences we improve the bounds on the mixing rates, and for absolutely regular sequences we improve the error term. We also extend these results to random vectors which are functions of the given sequence.


The sediment mixing pattern of the Ajay with the Bhagirathi-Hooghly river system has been worked out utilizing three different kinds of data viz. grain size, grain shape and heavy mineral composition. The near concurrence of the results of sediment mixing pattern worked out by three different techniques demonstrates the usefulness of each of the properties as tracer. The bed load contribution of the Ajay to the Bhagirathi during freshet appears to be 25% which can not be regarded as an insignificant contribution. Assuming the conventional bed load content of 5 to 15 percent of the total load, it can be presumed that the suspended load contribution of the Ajay to the Bhagirathi-Hooghly system couId also be quite significant and may be an important factor in the silting of the Hooghly in its lower reaches.


Obtaining down link (DL) channel state information (CSI) at the base station (BS) is challenging for frequencydivision-duplex (FDD) massive MIMO (MM) systems. Considerable overhead is required for DL training and feedback. Instead studies often assume highly correlated average spatial signal signatures (i.e. directional clusters) between FDD duplex links. These assumptions, however, only represent use of antennas with the same radiation pattern over the duplex band, leading to illumination of the same cluster. In this paper, we investigate pattern reciprocity, over the duplex band, for practical user handsets. We first show how a population of measured contemporary phones exhibits noticeable duplex pattern divergence. We then show measured complex pattern duplex divergence of a mock-up phone, where depolarization comes on top of gain differences. Thus we reveal a significant but overlooked brick in DL CSI assessment for FDD MM operation. Namely, in order for the FDD MM performance studies to be realistic, practical user handsets have to be considered.


Two different digital signal procession schemes are proposed for optical Nyquist WDM signal. Based on constant-modulus processing, a post-filter by receiver-side duobinary shaping and MLSE are used to release ISI impact in the first scheme.


Thank you for reading i am the cheese. As you may know, people have search numerous times for their favorite books like this i am the cheese, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious virus inside their laptop. i am the cheese is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our book servers saves in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the i am the cheese is universally compatible with any devices to read.


This paper presents the development of the carriageway actual parameters determination system to form a virtual road scene in the authentically recognizable road marking absence and negative obstacles presence. The sensors used in defining the vehicle position and the obstacles are given. The developed system will be able to function independently and also work collaboratively with the other ADAS functions increasing the functional quality of the system.


: The birth of blockchain has promoted the development of electronic currencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum. Blockchain builds a financial system based on cryptology instead of credit, which allows parties to complete the transaction on their own without the need for credible third-party intermediaries. So far, the application scenario of blockchain is mainly confined to the peer-to-peer electronic financial system, which obviously does not fully utilize the potential of blockchain. In this paper, we introduce GaiaWorld, a new system for decentralized application. To solve the problem of resource waste and mismatch between nodes and computing power in traditional PoW mechanism, GaiaWorld introduces a new consensus mechanism called CPoS, which can improve productivity and liquidity of blockchain system. GaiaWorld constructs a new architecture based on forging committee and forging group systems, which can establish a decentralized, free and stable internet trust system, and can be utilized in multiple application scenarios and construct efficient and reliable content delivery systems.


Aiming at in-depth understanding of the health status of the lower reaches of the Yellow River,from the essence of river health and river life,this paper selects five quantitative indexes which are low limit flow,the maximum flood discharge capability of river channel,bankfull discharge,water quality category as well as water supply capacity,and a qualitative index which is ecological status as evaluation index based on the runoff characteristics and the situation of water and sand of the Yellow River itself.The quantitative calculation method of "harmony theory" is adopted to evaluate the Yellow River health and the harmony degree of each index is calculated with the function of harmony degree.And it obtains the weight of each index by analytic hierarchy process.Then the weighted average method is used to calculate multi-index harmony degree.Finally,the river health evaluation of the lower reaches of the Yellow River are completed on the basis of taking Huayuankou,Gaocun,Lijin as control sites.The evaluation results are in line with the actual situation of the selected years.


The mechanical milling characteristics of (Fe + Al) / Al2O3 composite nano-sized powders, which is fabricated by using mechanical milling, are investigated by analyzing powders with x-radial diffraction. The experimental results show that the presence of dispersed Al2O3 particles hampers Fe + Al alloying responses and is beneficial to the nano-sizing and mechanical activation process of powders during the mechanical milling process. Meanwhile, the dispersed Al2O3 particles can enhance the power-producing rate effectively. It is of importance to actively sinter synthesis Al2O3 / FeAl bulk composite nano-sized materials and to enhance the efficiency of mechanical milling.


Printing machine (1) body is provided with conveying means (100) sequentially conveyed can body (10), and an outer peripheral surface side of the can body (10) is conveyed by the conveying mechanism body (100) to the image formation while making the body (10) of the body moving mechanism (200). In the moving body means (200) is formed with the rotating member (210) is disc-shaped and rotates in the clockwise direction in FIG. Further, the moving body means (200) is provided with a plurality of rotary member provided on the (210) moves together with the body (10), and an outer circumferential surface of the can body (10) forming the image forming unit (image 220 ). In the image forming unit (220) is provided with a plurality of ink jet apparatus an outer circumferential surface of the can body (10) of the ink is ejected. Thus, to provide an increased number of images can body may be formed in an image forming apparatus per unit time and the like.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the effect of water absorption and heat treatment on the impact strength of three-dimensional (3D) printed Izod specimens. A low-cost post-processing technique is proposed to improve the impact strength of 3D printed parts substantially.

Design/methodology/approach
In the present work, the effect of water absorption and the heat-treatment on the impact resistance of 3D printed poly-lactic acid parts possessing different layer-height, build-orientation and raster-orientation was studied. Water absorption tests were conducted in distilled water and it was observed that the water- absorption in specimens follows the Fickian diffusion mechanism. A set of specimens was heat-treated at 120°C for 1 h using an induction furnace. Post water absorption and heat-treatment a significant increase in the impact resistance is noticed and especially a steep increase in impact resistance is observed in heat-treated specimens.

Findings
Experimental findings show that raster orientation played a major role in the impact resistance of a 3D printed structure in comparison to other process parameters. The order of influence of process parameters on the impact strength of specimens was disclosed by the mean effect plots. In terms of processing time and cost, the post-processing heat-treatment approach was found to be convenient compared to the water absorption technique.

Originality/value
This paper presents a new set of low-cost post-processing techniques (water-absorption and heat-treatment) for improving the impact strength of 3D printed specimens.


Sitka spruce seedlings were grown with their root systems divided between two contrasting nutrient regimes. One half of the root system was supplied with a solution containing N, P, and K at a range of concentrations while the untreated half received water only. High-nutrient treatments induced two flushes of shoot growth resulting in a large shoot system, whereas plants in the low-nutrient treatments flushed once only and showed symptoms of nutrient deficiency. Root growth, assessed in terms of dry weight and diameter of both primary and woody tissues, was stimulated in the roots to which the nutrients were actually applied, whereas in the un treated roots on treated plants only the primary root diameter was enhanced. However, internal nutrient concentrations on both sides of the root system were related to the concentra tions applied, though to a slightly lesser extent in the untreated roots. Thus, the nutrients which had been internally translocated to the untreated roots had little effect on their growth. The localized stimulation of xylem production in the woody roots extended into the stem along a spiral pathway which was demonstrated by the movement of dye. Possible mechanisms are discussed by which differential root growth is brought about by a localized supply of mineral nutrients.


Large capacity compressor units imported from GE Company were installed at four stations of Gansu Administrative Department of WEPC. The compressor unit trips caused by FG malfunction alarm have happened frequently since these stations were put into operation. The compressor unit trips have given bad effect on stable operation of the trunk-line gas transmission. With respect to the alarm malfunction of the FG system, this paper analyses the effect of power supply quality on PLC, the effect of power source change on digital signal and the effect of voltage fluctuation on analog signal. Finally, it gives the methods to treat FG malfunction alarms.


We present a high order parameter-robust numerical method for a sys- tem of (M ≥ 2) coupled singularly perturbed parabolic reaction-diffusion problems. A small perturbation parameter " is multiplied with the second order spatial deriva- tives in all the equations. The parabolic boundary layer appears in the solution of the problem when the perturbation parameter " tends to zero. To obtain a high or- der approximation to the solution of this problem, we propose a numerical method that employs the Crank-Nicolson method on an uniform mesh in time direction, together with a hybrid finite difference scheme on a generalized Shishkin mesh in spatial direction. We prove that the resulting method is parameter-robust or "- uniform of second order in time and almost fourth order in spatial variable, if the discretization parameters satisfy a non-restrictive relation. Numerical experiments are presented to validate the theoretical results and also indicate that the relation between the discretization parameters is not necessary in practice.


Longitudinal and lateral oscillations in a catcmary-vertical hoisting cable system are investigated. The main sources of external excitation in the system are taken into consideration, namely a load due to the winding cycle acceleration/deceleration profile, and a periodic excitation due to the coiling mechanism applied at the winder drum surface. Due to the time-varying length of the vertical cable the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the system vary slowly with time. The syst,em is therefore nonstationary, and its response is qualitatively different from the response of t,he corresponding stationary parameter system. A mathematical model describing the lateral response of the catenary, and the coupled longitudinal response of the vertical rope, is derived. The non-linear partial-differential equations of mot,ion are discretised by writing the defections in terms of the linear, free-vibration modes. A non-linear set of ordinarydifferential equations with slowly varying coefficients results. The dynamic response of a model example is simulated numerically. The simulation predict,s strong modal interactions during a passage through the primary and internal resonances of the system.


This paper describes a modular active antenna for satellite communications in the K/Ka band. The application is thought for mobile satellite communications and internet links, mainly for commercial airplanes. The impossibility to build full active antennas, including amplifiers in all the elements, leads to a modular semi active antenna. Here the module is a small subarray with complete phase control in the elements. The phase control is made with ad-hoc phase shifters giving the minimum losses. Only two-bit control has been selected to perform phase shifters associated to a circular polarization radiating element. The feeding network has been selected to minimise the losses and the gap waveguide has been designed to perform the network. The radiating element is a circular double patch fed into two points to obtain circular polarization. The entire prototype has been designed in LTCC substrate to minimise the losses and stabilise the structure.


In this work, we give some numerical investigations of the CMAES-APOP on some multi-modal functions and introduce a relaxed version of this algorithm to cope with the hard Schwefel function. The numerical simulations will show the efficiency of our approach.


Lactate dehydrogenase (LD; EC 1·1·1·27) is a tetramer made up of two subunits, M (type 5) and H (type I). Various combinations of M and H subunits produce five LD isoenzymes (LD-l to LD_5).l,2 Analysis of LD isoenzymes in biological fluids is important in the diagnosis of various diseases, such as myocardial infarction, haemolysis, muscular dystrophy, hepatic disease and malignancy.' 3 Normal urine, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), plasma and amniotic fluid have negligible amounts of LD-4 and 5 (LD-M), while levels of these isoenzymes have been shown to be increased significantly in various pathological conditions.I' In our previous report, describing the detection of LD isoenzymes by gel filtration," we showed that albumin in the samples inhibits the binding of LD-M to dextran blue (DB) and we were unable to detect LD-M in samples containing albumin. We now report a modified version that detects LD-M in these samples. The basic principle of this method was described previously." It has been shown that human serum albumin inhibits binding of LD-M with DB,4,5 Albumin was removed from the samples by affinity chromatography using adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-Sepharose gel. Total LD was then eluted from the gel by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and mixed with DB. The LD-M-DBcomplex was separated from other LD isoenzymes by gel filtration, as previously described."


In 2019, the South African government approved the Department of Higher Education and Training's (DHET) Policy Framework for Internationalisation of Higher Education in South Africa. The framework provides policy guidelines universities will need to follow when developing institutional internationalisation policies. Using critical discourse analysis, this review posits that the DHET missed an opportunity to rethink internationalisation in line with critical debates and scholarship on transformation and decolonisation of knowledge. Instead of aligning internationalisation of higher education in South Africa with progressive visions of contextually relevant and decolonised education, the framework reflects dominant Eurocentric approaches, practices and definitions of internationalisation. As such, DHET's framework fails to provide a much-needed guide for development of institutional policies that can contribute to higher education internationalisation in South Africa becoming more authentically international and embracing a more representative set of global knowledges and ways of knowing in a horizontal, pluralistic and non-hegemonic way.


There are many ways to build up traffic models for VBR video sources. A frequently applied methodology is to use mathematical analysis based on realistic as sumptions to set up a source model that generates traffi c according to a stochastic process. In this case, the critical issue is the validation of the synthetic t race by comparing statistics to results obtained from measureme nts on the real source. In this paper, we choose a different and more practica l approach to model the behavior of the real traffic source. Our model building philosophy is that we analyze and understand what happens with the video information on its way from the ingress to the multi media terminal to the egress of the network card. Throughout this journey the information is processed by several mechanisms and we build an empirical model step by step based on our measurement-based observations. I. Cselényi, S. Molnár / VBR Video Source Characterization And A Practical Hierarchical Model 2 Besides understanding the traffic generation procedure , statistical analysis of VBR traffic traces captured from anumber of video sequences was also carried out i n several scenarios. Using the knowledge of encoding, encapsulation and scheduling processes and results of th e trace analysis, a hierarchical source model is et up for modeling the multimedia terminal. Thereby our mode l imitates the generation of video frames and the i nner working of each level of protocol hierarchy and trie s to reproduce the complex behavior of the real source. W e use the leaky bucket analysis for verification of the model in order to capture di rectly the behavior of the traffic in aqueue.


Applying conventional sequential pattern mining methods to text data extracts many uninteresting patterns, which increases the time to interpret the extracted patterns. To solve this problem, we propose a new sequential pattern mining algorithm by adopting the following two constraints. One is to select sequences with regard to item intervals--the number of items between any two adjacent items in a sequence--and the other is to select sequences with regard to item attributes. Using Amazon customer reviews in the book category, we have confirmed that our method is able to extract patterns faster than the conventional method, and is better able to exclude uninteresting patterns while retaining the patterns of interest.