Mixing of thermo plasticized cassava flour (TCL) with linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) is faced in polarity differences where TCL as a polar material while LLDPE is a nonpolar material. To get good compound, an additive substances called compatibilizer is needed to modify the polarityof respective component, i.e. stearic acid to give polar group on LLDPE molecules. The objective of this study was to investigate of the use of stearic acid as compatibilizer on TCL-LLDPE composite film. TCL was produced by adding 30 and 40% (w/w) of glycerin to cassava flour (CL). Composite films were formulated based on CL:LLDPE ratio 2:8 and 3:7. The stearic acid dosages used were 5 and 7% (w/w) of LLDPE. The influence of the flour, glycerin, and stearic acid dose on melt flow index, specific gravity, mechanical properties, seal strength, and film clarity were analyzed. The results show that higher composite melt flow index was obtained on composites that use higher stearic acid dosage. Higher composite specific gravity was obtained on composites that use higher CL. Higher CL ratio give composite film lower mechanical properties and seal strength. The best composite film properties was produced from 2:8 CL:LLDPE ratio, 40% glycerin, and 5% stearic acid. The best properties of the composite film are 5.62 MPa in MD tensile strength and 594.27% elongation. Keywords: cassava flour, composite film, stearic acid


The aim of this study was to investigate C-reactive protein (CRP) level in preeclampsia (PE) and its association with the severity of the disease. This cross-sectional study included 43 women with mild PE, 43 women with severe PE, and 43 healthy pregnant. They were selected in the third trimester of pregnancy in the Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman, Iran, from March 2006 to March 2007. Mean diastolic pressure and level of proteinuria were used as indicators of the severity of the disease. The results were analyzed by t-test and spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Hemoglobin, aspartate and alanine transaminase, creatinine and urine protein excretion, serum CRP, and alkaline phosphatase were higher in women with PE. There were significant correlations between serum CRP levels and diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.5, P = 0), urinary protein excretion (r = 0.5, P = 0), creatinine (r = 0.2, P = 0.003), spartate transaminase (r = 0.3, P = 0), alanine transaminase (r = 0.2, P = 0.006), and Hemoglobin (r = 0.2, P = 0.001). There were a negative correlation between serum CRP and weight of the new born (r = -0.09, P = 0.01) and gestational age in the time of delivery (r = -0.07, P = 0). We showed higher levels of CRP in women with PE. Elevated serum levels of CRP in PE women are, thus, correlated with severity of disease.


OBJECTIVE: To assess the rates of inappropriateness of admission and stay and the reasons in elderly hospitalized. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We have analyzed a total of 116 admissions during the month of October 1998, using the «Appropriateness Evaluation Protocol». From the patients medical notes a trained reviewer (medical resident in Geriatrics) collected information about age, sex, source, outcome, reason for admission, hospital readmission, the functional, mental and social status and length of hospital stay. We have performed a descriptive statistical analysis comparing results between groups of appropriate and inappropriate admission and stay. RESULTS: Of the 116 patients studied (mean age 83 years, 58% female) 73.2% and 72.4% were found to have inappropriate admission or inappropriate stay, respectively. The rate of hospital readmission was 4%. Significantly differences (p< 0.05) were found to be associated with the functional and mental status. Sixteen percent of the inappropriate stays had been inappropriate admissions. The need for intravenous treatment (47.6%) or the presence of colapse or confusion (31%) were the most frequent causes of appropriate admission. Difficulties in programming tests or treatments as out-patients (35.5%) or the need for institutional care of a lower level (32.3%), were the reasons for inappropriate admission. Among the criteria for appropriateness of hospital stay, new treatment under medical supervision (57.1%), special care under nursing supervision (54.8%) and the use of parenteral therapy (48.8%). With respect to the inadecuacy of hospital stay, the delay in preparing discharges and the absence of long term facilities (28.8%). CONCLUSIONS: In our study, the proportion of inappropriate admisions and stays is not excesive. Difficulties for finding alternative systems of care justify inappropriate hospital stays in elderly patients. We think that other criteria should be added to the AEP which would consider the possibility of inappropriate stays following inappropriate admissions, and the functional and mental status of the patients.


We present a simulation study of an algorithm for the range and angle of arrival(AOA) estimation with an interferometric synthetic aperture radar(InSAR) altimeter using a real digital elevation model(DEM). We also illustrate a step-by-step procedure of generating raw InSAR data, as well as their range and azimuth compressed data, which is to be used for the subsequent altitude and angle estimation. The AOA is estimated using a deterministic maximum likelihood estimator(DMLE) applied to the first arrived point for each pulse in the compressed data obtained with three antennas. The range bin size and the pulse repetition interval(PRI) are much smaller than the cell size of the DEM used in this study. To make the DEM compatible to the radar parameters, we first generate a higher resolution DEM by linearly interpolating the given DEM. After a brief description of the principle of the InSAR altimeter, the algorithms for altitude and angle estimation are presented, and their performance is assessed through simulation.


Venezuela has a forest cover that covers more than half of the national territory, protected largely by Areas Under Special Administration Regime (ABRAE), areas rich in biodiversity and sensitive to many human activities that destroy an estimated 1.3 million hectares of forest per year. This documentary research focuses on theoretical and legal reference on these vital ecosystems and their environmental services and forest products. These studies support the need for environmental studies to know, evaluate and quantify the reality of the forested areas of Venezuelan territory, supported by the use of technologies such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing; and at the same time, identify activities that trigger negative impacts on these generators and life-giving spaces. These studies Environmental and Socio-Cultural Impact (EIASC) and / or Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) are aimed at promoting awareness and sensitivity towards the management, conservation of resources and failing to prevent and control the exploitation and rapid intervention of forests.


Solving Eigen's quasispecies model for the evolution of virus populations involves the computation of the dominant eigen vector of a matrix whose size N grows exponentially with the chain length of the virus to be modeled. Most biologically interesting chain lengths are so far well beyond the reach of existing algorithms and hardware. We show how to exploit the special properties of the problem under consideration and design a fast and accurate solver which reduces the complexity to Θ(N log2 N). Our solver is even faster than existing approximative strategies and contrary to those it can also be applied to more general formulations of the quasispecies model. Substantial further improvements and high parallelism can be achieved for special fitness landscapes in the evolution model. Beyond theoretical analysis, we evaluate the performance of our new solver experimentally on a GPU with an OpenCL implementation and illustrate that it achieves speedup factors of more than 107 over standard approaches.


Objective:To investigate the imaging of bone hydatid disease,pathological features.Methods: The image collection,the operation resection specimens were diagnosed by pathology in 8 cases of bone hydatid disease patients,retrospective analysis.Results:6 cases of male,female 2 cases;9 cases of all hydatid cyst infection disease,no infection of alveolar hydatid disease.Conclusion:Imaging manifestations of bone hydatid disease with common tumors and tumor-like lesions have a very clear distinction.Hydatid disease of bone pathology of hydatid cyst infection disease infection of alveolar hydatid disease is redundant.


* School of Politics, Philosophy, and Public Affairs, Washington State University, 801 Johnson Tower, P.O. Box 644880, Pullman, WA 99164-4880; email: firstname.lastname@example.com. Noll's research contributes to the fields of bioethics (ethics of biotechnology), philosophy of food, and environmental philosophy. She publishes widely on topics such as how values impact food systems, food justice and food sovereignty movements, and the application of genomics technology. 1 Carolyn Kousky and Stephen H. Schneider, "Global Climate Policy: Will Cities Lead the Way?" Climate Policy 3 (2003): 359–72; Cynthia Rosenzweig, William Solecki, Stephen A. Hammer, and Shagun Mehrotra, "Cities Lead the Way in Climate-Change Action," Nature 467 (2010): 909–11. 2 O. Heidrich, D. Reckien, M. Olazabal, A. Foley, M. Salvia, S. De Gregorio Hurtado, H. Orru, J. Flacke, D. Geneletti, F. Pietrapertosa, J. P. Hamann, A. Tiwary, E. Feliu, and R. J. Dawson, "National Climate Policies Across Europe and their Impacts on Cities Strategies," Journal of Environmental Management 168 (2016): 36–45; K. Bäckstrand and O. Elgström, "The EU's Role in Climate Change Negotiations: From Leader to 'Leadiator,'" Journal of European Public Policy 20 (2013): 1369–86. 3 Calla Ostrander and Donald Oliveira, San Francisco Climate Action Strategy (San Francisco: San Francisco Department of the Environment, 2013); Katharine Hayhoe and Donald J Wuebbles, Chicago Climate Action Plan (Chicago: Lipman Heome, 2010). Urban residents have the potential to play a key role in helping to facilitate ecological resilience of wildernes areas and ecosystems beyond the city by helping ensure the migration of nonhuman climate refugee populations. Three ethical frameworks related to this issue could determine whether we have an ethical duty to help nonhuman climate refugee populations: ethical individualism, ethical holism, and species ethics. Using each of these frameworks could support the stronger view that policy makers and members of the public have a moral duty to mitigate the impacts of climate induced migration or the weaker claim that these impacts should be taken into account when making land-use and planning decisions in urban contexts. Nonhuman Climate Refugees: The Role that Urban Communities Should Play in Ensuring Ecological Resilience


The photochemical decomposition of iodosilane, alone or in the presence of oxygen, in argon matrices at 4 – 8 K has been studied by methods similar to those used previously for iodomethane (Canad. J. Chem., 53, 269 (1975)). Vibrational absorption spectroscopy has been used to detect the formation of iodosilyl radicals and oxygenated iodosilane derivatives. The use of deuterated iodosilane and oxygen-18 has permitted identification of structures of likely products. Attribution of absorption lines to the various species has been possible through the use of high- and low-pressure mercury lamps which produce different sets of line intensities. The effect of the relative concentration of oxygen also aids in product identification. The formation of ozone and the production of photochemical explosions with silane/ozone mixtures at 4 K will be discussed.


and physical traits and qualities of an individual which is mostly internal and guides and directs one's behaviour .As every people differ from one another in respect of their way of thinking, feeling, performing activities etc., these distinctive behaviour pattern leads to the study of the causes of individual differences. ROLE OF TRIGUNAS IN FRAMING OF PERSONALITY Vol. -V, Issue II, March. 2015 Published: 1st March. 2015


Ragging is prevalent in higher educational institutes in Sri Lanka and the deaths of some new entrants in the past have been directly linked to physical and emotional torture caused by cruel acts of ragging. Although there are general anti-ragging rules in place, the effectiveness of these measures is unknown. We developed an action plan to prevent ragging by integrating the views of the major stakeholders, implemented the plan and assessed its success. This article highlights the action plan and its success in a medical faculty in southern Sri Lanka.


Reduction in low-yield testing has been the focus of many efforts in the cardiovascular community including appropriate use criteria and education campaigns.1–4 Unfortunately, translation to the clinical practice of these efforts has been challenging and incomplete. In this context, the application of clinical risk scores for initial risk stratification and better targeting of advanced imaging methods is of tremendous interest. Use of risk prediction rules to identify patients suitable for more aggressive investigation has a long history dating at least as far back as to 1979 with Diamond and Forrester's seminal risk stratification paper using decision tree methods to classify patients based on using age, sex, and chest pain characteristics.5 Since that time, a large number of other cardiovascular risk prediction schemes for both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals using regression and more recently statistical learning methods have been published. As of 2013, 363 prediction models and 473 external validations had been published.6 Despite concerns over poor calibration in light of changing demographics and risk factor profiles, the Diamond and Forrester model remains one of the most widely used models, likely because of its simplicity.5,6 Ultimately, the declining prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in testing cohorts7 results in an inevitable decline in the positive predictive value of both clinical decision rules and advanced imaging.8 Recently, the United Kingdom's National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence recommended coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) for all patients with chest pain who have typical or atypical angina, and those with nonanginal chest pain but concerning electrocardiographic changes based mainly on analyses of the SCOT-HEART trial (Scottish Computed Tomography of the HEART) and the PROMISE trial (Prospective Multicenter Imaging Study for Evaluation of Chest Pain).9,10 Although the excellent negative predictive value of CCTA seen in several prospective trials may be helpful in some clinical scenarios, it is unclear whether it is cost saving.9,10 Furthermore, full implementation of such a change is extremely difficult and would result in an increase in the annual volume of CCTA in the United Kingdom from 42 340 to 350 000 (or from 66 to 545 per 100 000 population, per year).11 Consequently, regardless of the preferred CAD imaging test, optimal patient selection remains critical and great potential utility exists for improved clinical tools. To that end, in this issue of Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging, Jang et al12 performed a post hoc analysis on patients who underwent CCTA in the PROMISE trial. Recognizing that among stable patients, it is critical to identify coronary anatomy which could meet indications for coronary artery bypass grafting,13 the investigators set to derive a clinical prediction model of high-risk CAD (HR-CAD) which was defined as 50% stenosis for (1) left main, (2) 3-vessel © 2019 American Heart Association, Inc. Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging


An agreement is an act by which one or more people commit themselves to one or more persons which creates a bond between one party and another. The cooperation agreement applies with the provisions of Article 1313 of the Civil Code regarding the agreement and Article 1320 of the Civil Code regarding the legal conditions of an agreement, where an agreement between the parties occurs. A contract or agreement is a legal event in which a person promises to another person or two people promise each other to do something or not do something. Article 1 paragraph (5) of Law Number 18 of 1999 concerning Construction Services states that a Construction Work Contract is the entire document governing the legal relationship between service users and service providers in the implementation of construction work. Construction work contract between CV. Nadita in the Pembangunan Gedung Kantor Pendopo Kelurahan Penumping. The results of this study, that the Construction Work Contract Process, and there are several in the implementation of the Construction Work Contract between CV. Nadita with Pejabat Pembuat K has been analyzed by Law Number 18 of 1999 concerning Construction Services and Presidential Regulation Number 54 of 2010 concerning Procurement of Government Goods / Services.


Urban air pollutants, particularly benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, isomeric xylenes (BTEX) exhaust particles are known to contribute to the increased prevalence of many allergic and environmental diseases and multiple chemical sensitivity or other related syndromes, as a result of an abnormal immune response based on environmental damage of lymphocyte subsets. The aim of this study was to examine alteration of cell mediate immunity and cytolytic molecule perforin in different lymphocyte subpopulation in peripheral blood of subjects situated near gasoline industry compared with healthy laboratory donors. Venous blood samples were taken from all examinees and peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) were isolated. Phenotype of lymphocytes and perforin expression were analyzed using intracellular and surface immunofluoresecncy and flow cytometry (FACSCalibur). Statistical analysis was done in computer program Statistica 7.1 (StatSoft, Inc., Tulsa, OK, USA). Graphs and tables were done in computer program Microsoft Excel. The results demonstrated that 17% of PBL in all examine group are perforin positive (total perforin is significantly lower in exposure than in control group). Percentages of double positive cells showed significant decrease in all examine lymphocyte subpopulations (CD3+ P+, CD4+P+, CD8+P+, CD16+P+ and CD56+P+ cells) compared to controls. Our data suggest that human perforin is differentially expressed in distinct sub-populations of peripheral blood lymphocytes of people exposure to gasoline and diesel, implicating the important role of perforin positive cells in nai ; ve immune response and cytotoxic activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes.


The generation of three-mode continuous-variable entanglement in a quasiperiodically optical superlattice is studied theoretically in this paper. This work is based on the previous experiment result in which three-color light generated from a quasiperiodically optical superlattice through a stimulated parametric down-conversion cascaded with a sum-frequency process. The degree of quadrature phase amplitude correlations, a nonclassical characteristic, among the three mode was discussed by a sufficient inseparability criterion for continuous-variable entanglement, which was proposed by van Loock and Furusawa.


Abstract : The Marine Corps needs to change the 0369 MOS designation process to prevent the loss of experienced staff noncommissioned officers in the Light Armored Reconnaissance community. In an interview with Colonel Powers, he stated that Light Armored (LAR) units are the "most versatile, diverse units in the Corps," they need a "high level of expertise, similar to Reconnaissance." Colonel Powers believes that the LAR community needs to retain its experienced SNCOs and that changing the MOS from 0369 to 0370, or keeping it at 0313 from Private to Master Gunnery Sergeant are ways this could be accomplished. Whichever method is chosen, a change in MOS designation at the SNCO ranks is vital to the LAR battalions in passing on the corporate knowledge to future generations. Not to do so is akin to re-inventing the proverbial wheel every time a prior 0313 staff sergeant walks out the door.


This dissertation investigates colonial and postcolonial practices of cultural representations in Namibia. The state sponsored Annual National Culture Festival in Namibia was studied with a specific focus on the Kavango Region in northeastern Namibia. I was particularly interested in how cultural representations are produced by the nation-state and local people in a post-colonial African context of nation-building and national reconciliation, by bringing visions of cosmopolitanism and modernity into critical dialogue with its colonial past During the apartheid era, the South African administration encouraged the inhabitants of its "Native Homelands" to engage in "cultural" activities aimed at preserving their traditional cultures and fostering a sense of distinct cultural identity among each of Namibia"s officially recognized "ethnic groups". This policy was in line with the logic of South African colonial apartheid rule of Namibia, which relied upon the emphasis of ethnic differences, in order to support the idea that the territory was inhabited by a collection of "tribes" requiring a central white government to oversee their development. The colonial administration resorted to concepts of "tradition" and "cultural heritage" in order to construct Africans as members of distinct, bounded communities ("tribes") attached to specific localities or "homelands". My central argument is that since Namibian independence in 1990, the postcolonial nation-state has placed emphasis on cultural pride in new ways, and on identifying characteristics of "Namibian-ness". This has led to the institution of cultural festivals, which have since 1995 held all over the country with an expressed emphasis on the notion of "Unity in Diversity". These cultural festivals are largely performances and cultural competitions that range from lang-arm dance, and "traditional" dances, displays of "traditional" foodstuffs and dramatized representations. The ethnographic study shows that while the performers represent diversity through dance and other forms of cultural exhibition, the importance of belonging to the nation and a larger constituency is simultaneously highlighted. However, as the study demonstrates, the festivals are also spaces where local populations engage in negotiations with the nation-state and contest regional forms of belonging. The study shows how a practice which was considered to be a "colonial representation" of the "other" has been reinvented with new meanings in postcolonial Namibia. The study demonstrates through an analysis of cultural representations such as song, dances and drama that the festival creates a space in which "social interaction" takes place between participants, spectators and officials who organize the event as social capital of associational life.


Archeological sites and cultural heritage are considered as critical assets for the society, representing not only the history of region or a culture, but also contributing to create a common identity of people living in a certain region. In this view, it is becoming more and more urgent to preserve them from natural and anthropogenic hazard as well as from negative effects due to climate changes. In the present paper, we will focus on ground deformation measurements obtained by satellite SAR interferometry and on the methodology adopted and implemented in order to use the results operatively for conservation policies in the Colosseum Archaeological Park (PAC). The integrated monitoring project of the PAC was inspired by the desire to build a system of protection and conservation at the service of sustainable exploitation. With these objectives, the PAC has launched a static and dynamic monitoring project consisting of five pillars: i) a dedicated database of all the historical and archaeological data of the monuments, (digital documentation archive implementation); ii) implementation of visual monitoring activities, (a dedicated app will allow to send data to the central system); iii) satellite monitoring program (historical and routine analysis of the satellite data) that will flow directly into the system and will be analysed in order to monitor possible ground deformation; IV) in situ monitoring from traditional ground diagnostic instruments; v) experimental activities, such as the use of H-BIM applications. Basically, the project carried out the creation of a multi-parameter system of permanent monitoring of the whole archaeological area, with associated indicators of risk level, for which it is necessary the combined use of new technologies. Some examples of satellite monitoring application will be presented and illustrated in order to stress the roles of new Earth Observation technologies in the field of conservation and maintenance polices. Considering the limitations of all the interferometric techniques, in particular the fact that the measurement is along the line of sight (LOS) and the geometric distortions, in order to obtain the maximum information from interferometric analysis, both ascending and descending geometry have been used. The interferometric techniques need to use a stack of SAR images to separate the deformation phase contributions from other spurious components (atmospheric, orbital, etc.). The objective is to find a nominal behavior of the site in response to critical events and/or related to natural degradation of infrastructures in order to prevent damages and guide maintenance activities. The first results of this cross correlated analysis showed that some deformation phenomena are identifiable by SAR satellite interferometric analysis and it has also been possible to validate them on field through a direct survey.


Arg-βNA hydrolysing aminopeptidase B was purified from a goat brain with a purification fold of ∼280. As the enzyme is reported to hydrolyse bradykinin and angiotensins, the effect of commonly used anti-inflammatory and antihypertensive drugs on activity of this enzyme was studied. Amongst the studied anti-inflammatory drugs, analgin had the highest potency with Ki of 171 µM followed by diclofenac Na and nimesulide with Ki values of 209 and 252 µM, respectively. Amlodipine besylate was the most potent among studied antihypertensive drugs. Ki values for amlodipine besylate, labetalol and atenolol are 200, 500 and 568 µM, respectively. Analgin and diclofenac sodium showed competitive inhibition, whereas, nimesulide showed mixed type of inhibition. All the studied antihypertensive drugs competitively inhibited the enzyme.


Relevance. Changes in the quality of life associated with heart failure (HF) in young and mid-dle-aged men with urological pathology and myocardial infarction (MI) are not well under-stood.
Aim. To evaluate changes in the quality of life (QL) indicator associated with heart failure (HF) in men under 60 years old with MI and acute urinary retention (AUR) to improve prevention and outcomes.
Material and methods. The study included men aged 19-60 years old with type I MI. Patients are divided into two age-comparable groups: I - the study group, with AUR - 22 patients; II - control, without it - 633 patients. A comparative analysis of the QL indicator associated with HF (HFQL) (V. Ironosov) was performed in the selected groups in the first 48 hours (I) and at the end of the third week (II) of MI. The changes and correlations (C. Spearmen) of HFQL with clinical features, metabolic parameters, central and peripheral hemodynamics were studied.
Results. HFQL in patients with AUR (85.7±15.6%) was worse than in the control group (59.4±20.1%; р˂0.0001) in the first hours of MI. At the end of the third week of the disease, no differences between the groups were observed (24.3±11.9 and 18.6±11.9%, respectively; p = 0.06). A positive (72 and 69%) dynamics of HFQL were obtained from the first hours to the end of the subacute MI period in both patient groups (р˂0.0001). In the study group, signifi-cant correlations of HFQL with the size of the left heart chambers, parameters of left ventricle systolic and diastolic function, peripheral hemodynamic, and lipid metabolism parameters were revealed. In the control group, more correlations were found, but their strength was less.
Conclusions. The quality of life associated with HF is worse in patients with AUR during the first hours of MI. Dilatation of the left heart chambers, left ventricle systolic and diastolic dys-function, no history of arterial hypertension, and hypocholesterolemia were the most associat-ed with quality of life in the study group. The assessment of HF-related quality of life is use-ful as an adjunct to the examination of patients with MI, starting from the first hours of the disease, for early identification of risk groups for adverse events and chronic HF formation.


The purpose of this study is for prototyping a non-intrusive vehicle-based measurement system for drowsiness detection. The vehicle-based measurement system aims to achieve the non-intrusive drowsiness detection. The non-intrusive vehicle-based measurement achieved by placing sensors on the steering rod, gas pedal, and brake pedal. Drowsiness can be detected by comparing the position of the steering angle to the desired target angular position, especially when the difference in value of both is greater. Some sensors have been tested to obtain the actual steering angle position. From the test results, sensors that meet the criteria of accuracy are MPU6050 and HMC5883L. Both sensors have been tested in the prototyping of a vehicle-based drowsiness detection system with sufficient results. Furthermore, the prototype of non-intrusive vehicle-based drowsiness detection system has been integrated with interesting driving simulation software. The result has been able to show the actual condition of the steering position, the gas pedal and the brake pedal precisely. Moreover, this prototype opens opportunities to support the study of drowsiness detection using vehicle-based driving simulator.


We are grateful for this opportunity to elaborate upon our ideas. R. Conrey has conveniently numbered his thoughts, and therefore, we will address them using his order. But first a few remarks about his general comments.

We have never implied that slab melting is a "common process" and that many arc volcanoes are composed "dominantly of adakite." In fact, we emphasized that Drummond and Defant [1990] were correct in their interpretation that adakite production has vastly decreased since the Archean because less young crust subducts today. Although there are about 10–15 current adakite-producing regions, this is certainly not a great deal compared with the extent of "regular" arc volcanism on the planet.


The purpose of this study is to identify and further analyze the socio–philosophical and existential aspects of gender research. Main tasks: to show the features of the development of genealogy in the historical aspect; to consider the study of the pedigree from the point of view of the individual's realization of existential needs. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that the author has attempted to analyze the study of gender not only as a research activity, but also as a significant and important socio-philosophical and existential practice for an individual.
The article reflects the peculiarities of the development and attitude to genealogy in various historical periods of the development of our state. The study of the microhistory of the genus, family becomes an important source for the knowledge and understanding of the broad historical, socio-cultural context into which many generations of our ancestors were embedded.
At the moment, genealogy is facing many challenges, one of the key ones being its commercialization. However, any challenge is not only a problem, but also a certain factor of development. In particular, genealogy is becoming an important element of interdisciplinary scientific research.
The author believes that the study of one's own pedigree can be analyzed according to the formula of the five existential needs of E. Fromm. The individual, realizing existential needs, moves along the path of self-perfection. As a result, he comes to a sense of security, establishes the necessary connections, finds his purpose and vocation in this world, forms a system of values and normative attitudes.
The study of the genus is a significant socio-philosophical practice that enables an individual to integrate into the system of family ties and relationships, to join the values of their ancestors, to understand and realize their own «I», to develop genealogical culture, to realize the fundamental existential needs.
The main theoretical results presented in this work can be applied within the framework of specific historical and genealogical studies, in the field of social philosophy, cultural studies and other, including interdisciplinary scientific fields, as well as used in the development of relevant special courses and electives.


2 experiments were carried out to investigate proactive inhibition (PI) and retroactive inhibition (RI) in the paradigm involving identical stimuli and meaningfully similar responses on the 2 lists learned. In Experiment I, significant PI was found 48 hr. after learning, but was of equal magnitude for groups receiving 5, 10, or 20 trials of first-list learning. The data of Experiment II made it possible to compare RI and PI in Immediate and 48-hr, tests, when combined with Experiment I and an earlier study. RI appeared rather than retroactive facilitation, and did not appear to vary as a function of time. PI increases over a 48-hr, interval. Considering both recall and error data, current theories of RI and PI do not provide a wholly convincing explanation of these results. In verbal learning studies using the A-B,A-B' paradigm (in which two successive lists have identical stimuli and similar responses), no statistically significant evidence of forgetting due to proactive inhibition (PI) has been found, although in each case retention for A-B.A-B' conditions was numerically inferior to that of an appropriate A-B control group (Dallett, 1962; Morgan & Underwood, 1950; Young, 1955). The failure to find significant PI in this paradigm can be easily reconciled with current views of interference and forgetting (Postman, 1961). The position summarized by Postman is that in the A-B.A-C paradigm, A-C learning involves the unlearning of A-B connections, with PI eventually resulting from the spontaneous recovery of the A-B associations. In the A-B, A-B' paradigm, on the other hand, A-B' learning is mediated by the previously learned A-B associations, which do not get un


We address the problem of integrating information coming from different sources. The information consists of facts that a central server collects and tries to combine using (a) a set of logical rules, i.e. a logic program, and (b) a hypothesis representing the server's own estimates. In such a setting incomplete information from a source or contradictory information from different sources necessitate the use of many-valued logics in which programs can be evaluated and hypotheses can be tested. To carry out such activities we propose a formal framework based on bilattices such as Belnap's four-valued logics. In this framework we work with the class of programs defined by Fitting and we develop a theory for information integration.
We also establish an intuitively appealing connection between our hypothesis testing mechanism on the one hand, and the well-founded semantics and Kripke-Kleene semantics of Datalog programs with negation, on the other hand.


be most useful to someone already acquainted with the uses of mass spectrometry. In contrast, little experience is necessary to understand and apply the information presented in "Paper Chromatography." This chapter is well written and very thorough in its discussions of sample preparation, chromatogram development, and detection or visualization of separated components. The applications of this technique to selected studies of drug metabolism are discussed, and supplemented with a comprehensive bibliography (237 ref.) dealing with additional applications. "Synthesis of Isotopically Labeled Compounds" illustrates commonly used synthetic procedures, and discusses methods of analysis and estimation of radioactive tracer purity and stability. Since radioactive tracers are being used more frequently in studies of drug distribution and metabolism, this chapter may be of interest to a researcher involved with such a study. Although "Colorimetry" deals with an analytical technique which will soon be obsolete, it is important from a historical viewpoint. Many of the early drug metabolism studies utilized this technique for quanritation of drugs and metabolites; therefore, a basic knowledge of the principles, applications and limitations of colorimetry is necessary for proper evaluation of these studies. Specific examples from the literature are used to demonstrate applications of various colorimetric techniques.


This article is devoted to peacekeeping operation in Abkhazia (1994-2008). It discloses the international legal base of Russia"s peacekeepers stay in the zone of conflict, quantitative and qualitative composition of the population, as well as major activities of the collective peacekeeping forces.


The mechanics of materials approach (definition of E, G, Nu, and Alpha) and the finite element method are used to explore the effects of partial bonding and fiber fracture on the behavior of high temperature metal matrix composites. Composite ply properties are calculated for various degrees of disbonding to evaluate the sensitivity of these properties to the presence of fiber/matrix disbonding and fiber fracture. The mechanics of materials approach allows for the determination of the basic ply material properties needed for design/analysis of composites. The finite element method provides the necessary structural response (forces and displacements) for the mechanics of materials equations. Results show that disbonding of fractured fibers affect only E sub (111) and alpha sub (111) significantly.


Objective:Disturbed uptake of prorenin and renin [together denoted as (pro)renin] may result in hypertension and renal damage. Megalin is a major endocytic receptor contributing to nutrient reabsorption. Interestingly, patients with impaired expression or trafficking of megalin display a 20–40-fold


The article focuses the relationship between state agencies, entertainment companies, and industrial conglomerates in promoting South Korea's images as a country that combines modernity and tradition. Between the re-democratization in the late 1980s and the mandate of Park Geun-Hye, started in 2013 and finished in 2017, after the impeachment process, the country invested in positioning itself as adjusted to the conditions of globalization with projects that stimulated cultural production, tourism, and accomplishment of sports mega-events. The proposal is to analyze the construction of imagined landscapes about South Korea as a way of understanding the new geography of transnational spaces. Keywords: globalization, cultural industries, Nation-State.


The interaction between localized f and itinerant conduction electrons is crucial in the electronic properties of heavy fermion and valence fluctuating compounds. Using high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we systematically investigate the electronic structure of the archetypical valence fluctuating compound EuNi 2 P 2 that hosts multiple f electrons. At low temperatures, we reveal the hybridization between Eu 4 f and Ni 3 d states, which contributes to the electron mass enhancement, consistent with the periodic Anderson model. With increasing temperature, interestingly, we observe opposite temperature evolution of electron spectral function above and below the Kondo coherence temperature near 110 K, which is in contrast to the monotonic valence change and beyond the expectation of the periodic Anderson model. We argue that both f-d hybridization and correlation are imperative in the electronic properties of EuNi 2 P 2 . Our results shed light on the understanding of novel properties, such as heavy fermion behaviors and valence fluctuation, of rare-earth transition-metal intermetallic compounds with multiple f electrons.


This paper proposes a novel algorithm for iterative tuning of a completely unknown two-mass torsional motor system. The command generator tracking (CGT) theory is used to formulate a feedforward controller that consists of a reference model and input generator, which can clarify the relationship between the controller parameters and the two-mass model parameters. The relationship is used to construct physical model parameter estimates, which are shown to converge to true values as the output error is minimized. The proposed tuning process is conducted by utilizing these estimates at each iteration to approximate a system transfer function. This allows the analytical calculation of controller gradients needed for conducting Iterative Feedback Tuning (IFT), without having to perform additional experiments for gradient estimation. The effectiveness of the proposed method in achieving trajectory tracking and identification of all physical parameters is demonstrated via experimentation.


A B S T R A C T Study of prostitution in urban studies is of particular importance because of its rapid growth in cities. This paper aims to study the effect of some social factors on the propensity of women for prostitution in Tehran city. The current study is a cross-sectional survey. The used tool for data collection is questionnaire. The study population is all 18 to 30 years old people living in Tehran city. In this paper, by using Cochran formula, a sample size of 384 was calculated. Sampling method for accessing studied samples, according to heterogeneous population of the city of Tehran, is a multistage stratified random sampling. In this study we examined four variables of Educational level, Social support, Social adjustment, and Adherence to religious beliefs. For testing the correlation between independent variables and dependent variable, Pearson correlation coefficient was used by applying SPSS software.The results showed that there were significant relationships between three independent variables of Educational level, Social support, and Adherence to religious beliefs and dependent variable of tendency to Prostitution (R= -0.731, -0.318, and -0.193, respectively) but there was no significant relationship between Social adjustment and Tendency of Tehranian women to prostitution. In order to investigate the relationship of total independent variables with Tendency to prostitution as well as determining the extent to which the independent variables are capable of explaining level of Tendency, and which one of them is a stronger predictor, Stepwise Multiple regression analysis was conducted. Its results showed that Educational level was the most influential factor.


Recommender systems can influence human behavior in significant ways, in some cases making people more machine-like. In this sense, recommender systems may be deleterious to notions of human autonomy. Many ethical systems point to respect for human autonomy as a key principle arising from human rights considerations, and several emerging frameworks for AI include this principle. Yet, no specific formalization has been defined. Separately, self-determination theory shows that autonomy is an innate psychological need for people, and moreover has a significant body of experimental work that formalizes and measures level of human autonomy. In this position paper, we argue that there is a need to specifically operationalize respect for human autonomy in the context of recommender systems. Moreover, that such an operational definition can be developed based on well-established approaches from experimental psychology, which can then be used to design future recommender systems that respect human autonomy.


ABSTRACT This paper draws upon collections of late-nineteenth-century theatre posters currently available at the National Library of Scotland for an investigation of the main linguistic strategies employed for promotional purposes. These posters are both descriptive (indicating for instance the names of the actors and the number of days on which the show can be viewed) and evaluative (stressing novelty, uniqueness, or indeed both features simultaneously). Accompanied by important paralinguistic and extralinguistic tools, such as the use of images, choice of typeface, and poster layout, such strategies are selected to make the posters striking and consequently memorable. My analysis highlights some typical traits contributing to the persuasiveness of the texts under analysis, focusing in particular on the features that appear to have been most popular.


Background: Seagrass beds are among the most valuable ecosystems in the world, being also highly affected by human and climate related event thus experiencing decline in WIO region and worldwide. Seagrass support livelihoods of millions of people, however near population centers they are frequently subjected to disturbances. This is the case of Maputo Bay, were extraction of clams and other shellfish is a very common activity. 4000 hectares of seagrasses occur in Maputo Bay, with Zostera capensis (Zc) meadows being among the largest and yet a IUCN threatened seagrass species. Loss of seagrasses, especially the narrow leaved ones such as Zc is due to activity of clam collection but also sedimentation trigged by floods as documented for Maputo Bay. This study aim (1) to assess the effects of sediment digging and its revolve for clam collection on Zc recovery and (2) to determine and compare the survival rate of experimentally transplanted seagrass plugs using two different PVC tubes diameters (4,5cm and 7.5cm).


Aims/purpose: The present study was an attempt to assess their need of knowledge based on counseling among 13 to 17 year old adolescents. Methodology of study: The total sample for the present study included 400 adolescents i e 200 from different girl's high schools and 200 from women's colleges which are the most of HIV prevalence blocks of the Ganjam district of Odisha state. By using exploratory and the descriptive study design, the researcher attempts to describe female adolescents' knowledge and understanding regarding HIV/AIDS, A scheduled questionnaire was used to covering all aspects of HIV/ AIDS and observation methods were also used to collect the data from the adolescent girls. To analysis data the researcher used frequency percentages and the ttests were computed. Findings: The study found out that out of 400, 333 respondents that is (83.3%) have not seen the blue film or any other pornography where as 37.5% of them watched occasionally and 21.5% of respondents in daily bases and 28.8% of them had habit of reading the pornography books or magazines .This reveals that the interest sexual encounters continue to exist among adolescent girls. Conclusion and Recommendations: The present study will help to focuses of adolescent's level of interest on initial sexual activity which may lead in future risk behavior about HIV/AIDS. It is inferred that more than half of the respondents unable to understand what to answer and blindly put tick mark, in fact the inadequate proper knowledge may lead the future generation in to the dark. Governments have undertaken initiatives to formulate their own nation and states specific polices to address some issues and evidence regarding the disease. People need extra guide line to increase coping skills and need for adequate support system. Right knowledge right action right time can change the life of an individual as well as the society.


Photothermal therapy (PTT) has been widely used for the treatment of various medical conditions due to their noninvasive and cost-effective advantages. However, the light absorption and scattering ...


This article details the second, successful pilot of the Promoting Adult Resilience (PAR) program in the human-services departments of a local government organization. The PAR program is a strengths-based resilience building program that integrates Interpersonal and CBT perspectives and this pilot use a shorter, 7-week version of the program. Pre, post and follow-up measures on PAR participants from a resource-sector company were compared with a non-intervention matched comparison group. Post-test, PAR participants reported greater self-efficacy, more family satisfaction, greater f\work-life fit and balance and less negative family to work spillover than the comparison group. At the 6-month follow-up, these gains were maintained to a lesser degree, although work-life balance was strengthened, and negative spillover in both directions reduced. Participants also reported greater optimism for the future, greater work satisfaction and promisingly for human service workers, exhaustion was reduced and more vigour, important for human services as burnout, exhaustion is part of this is a serious work hazard


ARE PROVIDED ON AN ANALYZER semiautomated BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES AND SUBSYSTEMS FOR SIMULTANEOUSLY PERFORMING A PLURALITY OF ANTIBODY IGE CLASS HUMAN SHAPED enzyme immunoassays, PROPRIETARY, Allergen a panel of pre-selected each of a plurality of samples BIOLOGICAS. A CAROUSEL IS PROVIDED FOR POSITIONING AND HOLDING A plurality of reaction cartridges (80). EACH reaction cartridge (80) includes a plurality of test sites ISOLATED, FORMED IN TWO SETS DIMENSIONAL, IN A LAYER OF UNION solid phase, contained within a reaction cavity (86) which is adapted to contain a biological sample THAT tested. CAROUSEL AND CARTRIDGES (80) CONTAINING STRUCTURES TO COOPERATE WITH PRECISION POSITIONING CARTRIDGES (80) IN EACH OF THE THREE DIMENSIONS OF SEPARATION, which each cartridge (80) is positioned evenly. There is one optical reader, which operates on a principle Diffuse Reflectance TO READ THE RESULT OF EACH test site each cartridge (80).


PURPOSE: To obtain necessary V-belt transmission torque capacity in response to the engine output torque in such a way that a line pressure regulating valve is provided for regulating the line pressure which is to be fed to a speed change control valve to the oil pressure that is proportional to the engine output torque. CONSTITUTION: A V-belt stepless speed change gear provides a driving pulley 24 and a driven pulley 34 which are able to regulate intervals of V-letter shaped pulley grooves by changing oil pressure in each pulley cylinder chamber 28, 44. And oil pressure feeding to each cylinder chamber 28, 40 is to be led through oil paths 154, 156 by means of a speed change control valve 106. The speed change control valve 106 has the pressured oil from an oil pump 80 to put the engine to be driven fed to a port 122c. In this case, a line pressure regulating valve 102 is interposed into a discharge oil path 116, and said valve 102 has its spool 132 operated by a throttle cam 139 of the engine, by which oil pressure in proportion to the engine output torque can be regulated. COPYRIGHT: (C)1982,JPO&Japio


The structure of a real-time power quality disturbance monitoring system is presented and the working principle of the modules constituting hardware and software of this system are described in detail.To realize online power quality disturbance,at first the disturbance signal should be detected then analyzed and dealt with.In disturbance detection module,the detection of various disturbances is implemented by adaptive linear neuron and the detected disturbance signals are sent into classification module;by use of discrete wavelet multi-resolution analysis and Parseval's theorem the energy distribution features under different scales are extracted, meanwhile by use of fractal geometry the local variance dimensions are extracted;combining these two items,the characteristic vector of disturbance signal is composed. Sending the composed characteristic vector into probabilistic neural network(PNN)the network training and disturbance classification are realized.Results of simulated data tests show that the classification rate of the proposed system can achieve 90%.In addition,the proposed system is implemented in substation automation system using CAN field-bus,by means of changing the data transmission format the proposed system can be applied to substations adopting other transmission platforms to realize the monitoring of power quality disturbance.


Objective To compare the effectivity and complications of tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) and tension-free vaginal tape-obturator (TVT-O) for treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI).Methods Thirty-one female patients with SUI were randomly allocated for TVT (n=16) and TVT-O (n=15) treatment.SUI was diagnosed according to the symptoms,gynecological examination,stress test and urodynamics.The subjective cure rates were evaluated by a self-made questionnaire of urine incontinence before surgeries and 3,6,12,24 months after surgeries.The mean operation time,intra-and post-operation complications,intra-operation blood loss,postoperation time with urinary catheter,hospitalization days,and two-year's follow-up result were respectively recorded.Results The mean operation time was significantly shorter in the TVT-O group than in the TVT group (P0.05).In the TVT group,bladder perforation occurred in two patients (12.5%),and transient urine retention occurred in one patient (6.2%).In the TVT-O group,the ache in the medial thigh occurred in two patients (13.3%).There was no significant difference in the mean operation time,intra-operation blood loss,hospitalization days and postoperation time with urinary catheter between the two groups.None tape erosion occurred in the two groups.Two-year's follow-up indicated that the recovery rate was 93.7% and 93.3% for TVT and TVT-0 groups respectively.Both groups had an improvement in the incontinence quality of life (I-QOL) after the surgery,but the scores of organ prolapse/urinary incontinence sexual function questionnaire (P-ISQ) was not significantly different before and after the surgeries.Conclusion TVT and TVT-O have equal efficacy for the treatment of female SUI.But the operation time is shorter and the complications are less of the TVT-O surgery.


We report on the in fl uence of hydrogen incorporation on the conductivity of phosphorous (P) doped ZnO thin fi lms grown by using radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. The P dopant is an oxide form of P 2 O 5 , which is introduced into ZnO thin fi lms using RF plasma with oxygen ambient to suppress the generation of O vacancies. The resultant P-doped ZnO thin fi lms were analyzed by means of fi eld-emission scanning electron microcopy (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, photoluminescence and Hall e ff ect measurements. It was observed that the P 2 O 5 -doped ZnO thin fi lms annealed at 800 (cid:1) C exhibited the best electrical property with p-type behavior. Hydrogen atoms in ZnO thin fi lms play an unusual role since it acts as a shallow donor and it may control the n-type conductivity in undoped material. Measurements revealed that the hydrogen atoms can be easily incorporated from the P-doped ZnO sputtering target as the natural hydrogen incorporation in P-doped ZnO thin fi lms during magnetron sputtering. The role of hydrogen atoms incorporated in ZnO thin fi lms is investigated by means of SIMS analysis.


In this study, experimental results from earlier work on viscosity measurements of black liquors with different lignin contents were used to develop an empirical model describing viscosity as a function of temperature, dry content and concentration of lignin and hemicellulose. The liquors studied were taken from six different lignin extraction runs, according to the LignoBoost process, at different mills. The viscosity data was available at a wide range of temperature (40-130 degrees C) and dry content (30-70 w/w-%): this data was used to calculate the parameters in the model. Furthermore, one of the general correlations was developed by taking the concentrations of lignin and hemicellulose into account. The results of this study showed that a much better fitting of the model could be obtained by taking the influence of the organic content in the black liquor into account.


Glomerular filtration rate(GFR) is an important index for evaluating kidney function,and also the important basis to classify for the chronic kidney disease(CKD).The equations for evaluating GFR are simple and can be widely used,which are CG(Cockcroft-Gault) equation,MDRD(Modification of Diet in Renal Disease)equation,CKD-EPI,modified MDRD equation,Ruijin equation and cystatin equation.The aim of this review is to look for which equation is better to evaluate GFR.Through comparing their bias,precision,accuracy and other indices,which one is much better can determined.As a result,CG equation is better used in healthy people,but it is worse used in those who have kidney disease and it is affected by weight evidently.MDRD equation is better used in those of kidney disease,but it is worse used when GFR is high.CKD-EPI overcomes this disadvantage.Modified MDRD equation and ruijin equation are better used in Chinese people.Cystatin equation is better used in the early stage of kidney disease.No equation is perfect.So these equations need to be improved deeply or need to develop better equations to evaluate GFR.


This paper proposes a model predictive control (MPC) of modular multilevel converters (MMCs) with cascaded open-circuit fault ride-through to improve the reliability of MMCs. Taking advantage of the known switching state in MPC, the open-circuit fault in a submodule (SM) can be detected and isolated within milliseconds by the proposed fault detection and isolation (FDI) scheme. Incorporated with a health state set into MPC, the proposed fault-tolerant control scheme can be integrated into the MPC, and the control of output current, circulating current, and capacitor voltage can be automatically adapted for fault-tolerant operation. Furthermore, the FDI can be reset after one open-circuit fault is isolated, which makes the cascaded multiple open-circuit fault ride-through possible. Experimental results show that fault isolation and system reconfiguration can be completed within several milliseconds and it is possible to seamlessly ride-through cascaded multiple open-circuit faults using the proposed scheme.


The conception,principle,characteristic,history,course of development,extrusion process system,structure and classify of extrusion machine,basic process of extrusion,production technology and application about food extrusion technology were summarized in this paper.The current problem and development prospect were also briefly discussed.


Child labour in India is an active issue and still many children are devoid of education and basic amenities children should be given proper chance to prosper in their life. Child labour may be explained as economically active children from the age group of 5–15. This issue has been taking one of the centres a point of debate and much debates has also formed about the definition of child labour. It has also been a problem that children's work is going invisible and it could get a bit better by time use survey. Children are being sexually exploited especially female children. A wide range of social actors especially nongovernmental organizations are focusing on such issues and acting on variety of ways to curb down these issues of girl child sexual exploitation in work place. The third world countries have been specially affected by this problem. This paper discusses the problems faced the girl child labour when they are sexually exploited and the future effect in their life. The paper will show the differences in ideology and practice of our society which needs to be transformed accordingly. The realistic concept to let the children grow in a proper environment has to take pace with more awareness from a grass root level. This paper will rethink about some of the important questions about girl child development without being sexually exploited at workplace and will bring to a close with a common matching ground of theory and practice in recommendations. This issue needs proper concentration as without this, problems will be more aggravated in future.


NS3 is a widely used open source dynamic event driven simulator to test new ideas, algorithms and protocols for networks including LTE cellular systems as guided by 3GPP specifications. This paper presents an addition to the LTE module of NS3 by implementing a wrap around mechanism for the standard 19-site cluster. In the wrap around mechanism, the network is extended to include six additional copies of the original hexagonal cluster, such that all cells have symmetric behavior. This will help obtain a more realistic interference environment. The wrap around mechanism is also extended to smaller 3-site and 7-site clusters which can be used for quick verification before simulating larger network. We also implement a wrap around mechanism for UEs, which allows cells in the simulation to have flexible boundary defined by radio conditions rather than fixed simulation boundary. The simulation results show that the wrap around mechanism, as implemented, provides statistically equivalent interference for all cells in the simulation area. This allows use of the entire simulation data providing statistically valid results in much reduced time.


The method of hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry was established for the simultaneous determination of cadmium and tin in foods. Under the proposed conditions, the detection limits were 0.002 9 ng/ml for cadmium and 0.19 ng/ml for tin. The linear calibration curve for cadmium was within the range of 0~2 ng/ml with correlation coefficient 0.999 8, and for tin within the range of 0~100 ng/ml with correlation coefficient 0.999 9. The RSDs for cadmium at 0.5 ng/ml and tin at 25 ng/ml were 1.5% and 2.5%, respectively. The recovery rates of standard spiking for cadmium and tin were in the range of 93.0% ~ 100.5% and 91.3% ~99.2%, respectively. This method is simple, rapid, sensitive and accurate. It suits the purpose of the simultaneous determination of cadmium and tin in foods.


Abstract Dynamic Green's functions for a class of layered distributed parameter systems are derived using a new method. The resulting system Green's function, which is comprised of the elemental Green's function of each of the substructures, defines the dynamics of the fully coupled system. Green's functions for sandwiched beams with both identical and different layer properties are derived. The result, which retains the accuracy of the elemental Green's functions, isexactfor systems of Euler–Bernoulli beams. The application of the method to systems of other layered structures is immediate as long as the elemental Green's functions of the substructures are known.


In this paper, we are interested in the large-time behaviour of a solution to a non-local interaction equation, where a density of particles/individuals evolves subject to an interaction potential and an external potential. It is known that for regular interaction potentials, stable stationary states of these equations are generically finite sums of Dirac masses. For a finite sum of Dirac masses, we give (i) a condition to be a stationary state, (ii) two necessary conditions of linear stability w.r.t. shifts and reallocations of individual Dirac masses, and (iii) show that these linear stability conditions imply local non-linear stability. Finally, we show that for regular repulsive interaction potential We converging to a singular repulsive interaction potential W, the Dirac-type stationary states approximate weakly a unique stationary state . We illustrate our results with numerical examples.


Objective
To study the effects of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) on activation, proliferation and melanin synthesis of hair-follicle melanocytes.

Methods
The cultured human hair follicle melanocytes were treated with various concentrations of 8-MOP(10~500 imol/L) in vitro. The effects of 8-MOP were observed on cellular morphologic changes, proliferation, tyrosinase activity and melanin contents of cultured melanocytes.

Results
Sevendays after treatment with 8-MOP(50 imol/L), striking changes were found in cellular morphology with many elongated dendrites, and deposition of brown granules in cytoplasm. Tyrosinase activity and melanin contents also remarkably increased in treated cells compared to those in untreated cells(P<0.01).

Conclusion
8-MOP can induce proliferation, tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis of human hair follicle melanocytes.

Key words:
Hair follicle; Melanocytes; Methoxypsoralen; Melanins


Carbon felts were prepared under various thermal conditions to improve the electrochemical properties of vanadium redox flow batteries. The number of C–O and/or C–OH functional groups on the surface of the electrodes treated under airless conditions was much larger than that of the untreated and partially oxygen-treated electrodes. The carbon felt treated under airless conditions had the lowest surface area. The overall kinetic properties of the redox reaction were greatly improved for the carbon felt treated under airless conditions; i.e., the reversibility of the anodic and cathodic reactions associated with the VO2 /VO couple became more reversible. Single-cell tests indicated that the carbon felt exhibited an excellent discharge capacity of 3.1 Ah·g at 40 mA·cm, and the corresponding Coulombic, voltage, and energy efficiencies were 89.5%, 91.8%, and 82.2%, respectively.


One of the latest initiatives in rural areas is an educational farm whose main mission is to educate by promoting greater awareness of the village's cultural and natural values. The offer of educational farms can be attractive to tourists staying in agritourism farms, and educational activities enrich the tourism offer of the region and improve the appeal of a given facility or area of staying. Rural areas of Podkarpackie province have great tourism potential, and similar to many other tourism products, educational farms can attract tourists and make their stay attractive. The study area includes 13 of the type of farms that offer a variety of educational programs related to agriculture, ecology, processing agricultural products, handicraft or dying out professions workshops. The article describes the offer of all educational farms in the Podkarpackie province basing mainly on the results of surveys conducted among the owners and on generally available publicity information. Based on the survey results, it was found that the activity of educational farms is popular mainly among organized groups of students and this concept is still relatively unknown to a wide range of tourists. No significant impact of educational farms on the increase of tourist interest in a given agritourism facility has been revealed.


In the present paper, a new comprehensive family of holomorphic functions, which includes various new subfamilies of holomorphic functions as well as some very well-known ones, is introduced. Sharp results concerning coefficient inequalities and distortion bounds of functions belonging to these families are determined. Furthermore, functions with negative coefficients belonging to these families are also investigated.


The purpose of this study was to show through the use of the equations of motion that it may not be possible for triple jumpers to use the even phase ratio strategy during competition. The vertical takeoff velocities for an actual 17.79 m triple jump were compared to the vertical takeoff velocities calculated for a hypothetical situation in which the same athlete produced the same distance using equal phase distances. It is shown that in order to produce the same distance using the even ratio strategy the jumper would have to produce a vertical velocity for the step phase which is excessively large even for elite jumpers. For this reason, coaches should not expect their jumpers to attain equal phase distances during competition. The practice of teaching novices the concept of even ratios is necessary, however, because it highlights for them the importance of lengthening the difficult step phase while maintaining rhythm. On the other hand, the training of skilled jumpers should focus on improving each phase individually and not on the auainment of fixed phase ratios.


A novel three-dimensional zero-reference system was proposed.Two groups of specially coded planar zero-reference gratings were overlapped by beam splitter and imaging optics in two perpendicular planes.The zero reference signals of each plane were obtained from the same pair of gratings.The zeros of the two planes' common axis were overlapped by carefully adjusting of the position of the gratings,thus obtaining a perfect threedimensional absolute coordinate with overlapped zero reference in XYZ-direction.This novel three-dimensional zero-reference system can overcome the limit of former zero-reference gratings which can only determine one or two dimensional zero position.Experimental results prove that a measuring accuracy of nanometer degree can be achieved with this simple system.


Oral cancer is the widely witnessed and devastating disease formulating in a transient anticipation in their superior grade. There is a sudden progression in the vicinity of oral cancer imaging technologies that play a significant role in assessing and centralizing the novel perception of buccal cavity inspection and functioning. The image processing techniques have enhanced premature diagnosis and treatment phases of the threatening disease. The main objective is to evolve a systematic oral cancer prediction model utilizing the wholesum concept of classification by applying (FVI) Optical images, MRI and CT images. A hybrid classifier is used for classification purposes. The outcome from the classifier is used to label the input image as a benign and malignant cell. The execution of the suggested model can be calculated using measuring performance like accuracy, sensitivity and specificity.


There is a theoretical basis for expecting improved patient outcomes through the use of haemodiafiltration for the treatment of end-stage kidney disease, instead of conventional dialysis. In this article, Marissa Dainton reviews the evidence to date, to see if there is a sufficient data to recommend prescribing one approach over the other.


There has been a great debate whether grain refinement is more effective when shearing above or below the liquidus. In this work, examination of the microstructural evolution in AA7075 alloy has been performed, after stirring above & below the liquidus. The results suggest that shearing above the liquidus is more effective. The outcomes indicate that at temperatures below the liquidus, the convective forces produced by electromagnetic forces cannot break the dendrites due to low velocities, whilst at shearing above the liquidus through a cavitation-enhanced nucleation mechanism grain refinement is promoted. It appears that by applying magnetic forces above the liquidus temperature, shearing effects result in finer grain sizes and consequent enhancement of properties. Keywords: Electromagnetic Casting, Grain Refinement, Cavitation Mechanism


This essay reads Keats's 1819 poetry alongside Michael O'Neill's poems about his terminal illness. It focuses on Keats's abandonment of Hyperion and The Fall of Hyperion in favour of 'To Autumn' through a juxtaposed reading of 'cloudy trophies' and 'quiet power'. The Hyperion poems explore the collapse of the Poetical Character in the face of incurable, immortal suffering. While the spring odes, exemplified in a reading of 'Ode on Melancholy', attempt to balance the dynamic between a speaker and its poetic subject through apostrophe, the conclusions of the odes are self-cancelling. 'To Autumn' signals a breakthrough from curative to palliative poetics through the simultaneous celebration of life insisting on itself and the process of dying. The contrast between Guy's Hospital and the Hospital of St Cross in Winchester underlines the shift in vision from incurable suffering to palliative, quiet power.


WHO http://www.who.int/rabies/en/ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention http://www.cdc.gov/rabies/ Rabies Bulletin Europe http://www.rbe.fli.bund.de/ or www.who-rabies-bulletin.org/ Alliance for Rabies Control http://www.rabiescontrol.net/EN/About-Rabies/Rabies-Facts.html Health Protection Agency http://www.hpa.org.uk/HPA/Topics/InfectiousDiseases/InfectionsAZ/1191942176094/


Objective: Overview the development of modern preparation of Fructus Aurantii.Methods: Changes in the procedure of preparation about component and pharmacological action were investigated comprehensively by literature survey to summarize the development of modern preparation of Fructus Aurantii.Results: The main method of preparation of Fructus Aurantii was stir-baked with bran,but it was single and unilateral study,and there were greater difference on different reports.Further studies on the changes in the procedure of prepatation about component and pharmacological action will be executed.Conclusions: The experimental animal model must be established and indexed by the contents of limonene,naringin,Neohesperidin and synephrine in Fructus Aurantii,and the aim is to find the correlation between the content variation of chemical components and pharmacological effect and provide evidence for study on the standardization of Fructus Aurantii stir-baked with bran.


Abstract The present study was conducted to know the effect of two levels of detoxified neem (Azadirachta indica) seed cake (DNC) on the carcass characteristics of male lambs. Eighteen male lambs were randomly divided in three groups of six each with group I control concentrate containing soyabean meal (SBM) and group II and III fed with concentrate mixtures containing defatted and DNC at two levels DNC25 and DNC50 for five months. At the end of feeding trial, the sheep were slaughtered humanely and slaughter weight, carcass weight, dressing percentages, and percentage weight of various organs were calculated and analysed statistically. The mean±SE slaughter weight (kg) and carcass weight (kg) of sheep were 18.33±1.27 and 13.65±0.95 in group I, 17.68±1.28 and 13.15±1.03 in group II, 18.00±0.99 and 13.71±0.79 in group III, respectively. The dressing percentages on slaughter weight basis were 49.74±1.26, 49.69±1.04 and 51.94±0.55, respectively. No significant difference in the slaughter weight, carcass weight and dressing percentages between the three groups was observed. The percentage of slaughter weight of various organs like skin, head, feet, heart, lungs, spleen, testicles, kidney and liver showed no significant difference between the treatment and control groups. Thus, the detoxified neem seed cake can be fed to sheep as protein replacement without affecting the carcass characteristics, which will reduce the feed cost and improve the profitability of the sheep farmers in India. Keywords: Detoxified neem seed cake, bannur sheep, carcass characteristics Cite this Article Krishnamoorthy P, Rao SBN, Dinesh Kumar D, et al. Effect of Detoxified Neem Seed Cake on Carcass Characteristics in Growing Bannur Lambs. Research & Reviews: Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology. 2016; 5(3): 1–5p.


When heated in the presence of atmospheric oxygen, either in diffuse room light or in the dark, phencyclone (1) undergoes autoxidation to afford 9,10-dibenzoylphenanthrene (3). The structure of 3 was elucidated via application of single crystal X-ray crystallographic techniques. A mechanism is suggested to account for the formation of 3 via (i) stepwise 1,4-addition of 3O2 to the 1,3-diene system in the cyclopentadiene moiety of 1 to form endoperoxide 5 followed by (ii) cheletropic extrusion of carbon monoxide from 5. The structure of 3 is described: P21/C, a = 12.116(2), b = 9.6850(2), c = 16.839(3) A, β = 100.331(3)°.


Th e article is devoted to the discussion of educational selection in contemporary school system in England. Th e stratifi cation function of education in England is deeply considered with the special attention paid to the tension between the concept of "equality of opportunity" and "inequality of re-sults". Article includes the consideration of social selection and structural segmentation in primary and secondary schools.


It is clear from 1 Corinthians that at least some within the Corinthian church had a very high estimate of Apollos as a leader among them. In writing to them, Paul is critical of their attitude. Paul's letter has often been understood as nothing more than an appeal for unity within the church, which goes beyond the personality of any leader. This article starts from the premise that in 1 Corinthians, as in 2 Corinthians, Paul is concerned that his own authority in the church is under question. It examines his references to Apollos and suggests that he wishes the Corinthians to adopt a more critical appraisal of Apollos, particularly when they compare Apollos's contribution to that of Paul himself.


An opportunity to study the contribution of the management accountant has emerged with companies' adoption of change management techniques. This paper provides a structured way of studying the management accountant's contribution in Business Process Reengineering (BPR), a widely adopted change management technique. Efficient use of limited resources is critical for the success of any BPR effort and when many BPR interventions and activities have overlapping outcomes, choosing between objectives and alternative means to achieve those objectives is extremely important. The management accountant can provide a methodology of cost accounting that would enable cost comparison among alternatives. The methodology is Activity-Based Costing (ABC) and it assumes that activities consume resources to produce an output. The current study has resulted in the creation of a framework that can be used in studying the underlying cost structures of reengineering.


. The influence of composite component perlite DPh-Zn, that is the waste of oil refining industry, on the formation of properties complex of rubber mixes and their vulcanizates on the basis of apolar cis-1,4-polyisoprene and butadiene-nitrile rubbers of various polarity has been investigated. It has been established that perlite DPh-Zn is the effective vulcanization active component of multifunctional action capable at 10.0 mass frac. concentration to replace in full or in part traditional accelerators, vulcanization activators, stabilizers, and can be recommended for use in industrial elastomeric compositions for rubber goods manufacturing.


OBJECTIVES: Validation and application of a fit-for-purpose PK assay used for quantitative analysis of acetaminophen in whole blood applying volumetric absorptive microsampling using MITRA® devices. METHODS: MITRA® devices were evaluated using whole blood samples prepared at different hematocrit values. PK assay parameters precision, accuracy, linearity, LOD, LLOQ, ULOQ, carry-over, and stability of analyte in dried whole blood on MITRA® device were validated following EMA guidelines. Acetaminophen was quantified by LC-HRMS. MITRA® devices were used on selected timepoints post-dose to collect capillary blood after finger prick. Acetaminophen was extracted using methanol containing acetaminophen-d4. RESULTS: Adsorbed whole blood volume ranged from 9.79 ± 0.18, 9.95 ± 0.34, and 10.10 ± 0.48 µL for 20, 45 and 65 % hematocrit. Highest intra-day precision and accuracy were 11.4 % CV and -19.7 %bias at 1 µg/ml. Highest inter-day precision and accuracy were 12.3% CV and -18.8 %bias at 1 µg/mL. Measuring range was 1-25 µg/mL and LOD of 0.30 µg/mL. ACP was stable on Mitra® device tip for up to 4 weeks. Obtained results from the pharmacokinetic study were not significantly different to parameters reported in the literature using plasma samples. CONCLUSIONS: MITRA® devices have a great potential use as an alternative whole blood collection device in comparison with other blood sampling techniques or devices.


The Effect Of Career Development On Employment And Recidivism Among Juvenile Offenders By Leendert E. Roos M.A., Prairie View AM however, there was no difference in recidivism. While the study had mixed results, this research enriches the ability of juvenile justice officials to prepare juvenile offenders for productive lives through career development programs; thus, increases in employment rates for youthful offenders represents a return on investment for the community. The Effect Of Career Development On Employment And Recidivism Among Juvenile Offenders By Leendert E. Roos M.A., Prairie View A&M University, 1995 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy


The purpose of the research project is to establish a reliable index in the performance evaluation of ships. During operation the ship will experience added resistance due to fouling of hull and propeller. The added resistance will lead to increased fuel consumption and thus increased emissions to the environment. The monitoring of the ship's performance can be used as decision support in determining when actions to improve performance should be taken. The performance evaluation is based on a model of the ship and the added resistance from wind and waves during operation. Logged data on board the ship is used as input to the system and by comparing model and ship behaviour, an index describing the ship's performance is generated. The work in this thesis is based on data logged through the automation system on board a PostPanmax container ship where data have been logged through a year. A routine handling drift in time series, spikes and outliers have been suggested for the purpose of introducing an automatic logging system. The performance system is modelled in software based on the Bond Graph method. The system is described by bond graph elements which describe the characteristics of each component and several ships are modelled in the system. A simple model is used as initial model and several elements are added to improve the estimate of the performance. Several resistance models are compared in order to determine which is giving the best estimate of the performance. Constraints in the models have been identified. The models used in this work are based on empirical relations or based on regression analyses of model tests and full-scale trials. In order to achieve valid results the conditions where performance is estimated have to be inside the boundaries of the model. Filters have been determined to establish cases where the ship is in steady state conditions and where these conditions are inside the boundaries of the constraints of the model. Several indexes have been used in the evaluation. Two indexes relate to the ship's logged speed and one relates to the measured torque on the propeller shaft. Further, an index based on the properties of the ship's propeller, is used. The different indexes are described in a case study where the performance of a container ship is evaluated over one year. The reliability of the performance index is measured from the scatter in results and the ability of identifying the events that improves performance e.g. propeller and hull clean.


The aim of the article is an empirical study of psychological determinants and significant correlations between the development of older preschool children's emotional and volitional spheres. The importance of preschool age in the development of the child's psyche, feelings, emotions, self-control, empathy, and reflexive capacities was emphasized. Self-control was found to be low in a significant proportion of the respondents (n=46; 62.16%). The emotional reaction, which is the child's empathic ability to empathize and sympathize, had high levels, according to the study (M1= 18.12; M2=12.00; M3=10.01). The empathetic capacity of a senior preschooler was in the active development phase and encourages the formation of empathic and reflexive abilities through play activities, particularly through such a form of leading mental activity as story-role play. The correlation matrix revealed that "Self-control" and "Emotional response" had a positive and relevant correlation (rs = .141; р < .05). It is stated that the presence of this correlation in the researched groups was a good marker of older preschool children's emotional and volitional development.


The invention belongs to the field of chemical product preparation and particularly relates to a preparation method for dimethyl sebacate. A production method for the dimethyl sebacate comprises the following steps of esterification reaction and rectification process and has the concrete steps that: sebacic acid is mixed with methanol, then, solid catalysts are added, the esterification reaction is carried out, and then, products are purified through a rectification process. The method has the beneficial effect that the consumption mol ratio of the sebacic acid to the methanol is 1/0.9 to 1.2. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the consumption of the methanol is greatly saved, about 3 percent of the cost is saved, the solid acid is used as catalysts, the reaction efficiency is greatly improved, in addition, compared with the prior art adopting concentrated sulfuric acid as catalysts, the method has the advantage that the solid catalysts adopted by the method can be cyclically utilized, and compared with the method adopting liquid catalysts, the method has the advantage that about 5 percent of the cost is saved.


behavioral ecology than I was expecting. For example, a 35page chapter was devoted to the important topic of digestive physiology, but only 33 pages total were devoted to adaptations to deserts, cold temperatures, and high altitudes, central topics in environmental physiology. In addition, though 15 pages were devoted specifically to the nervous system, only five address migration specifically, and only one covers adaptations to migration. Moreover, there is no specific chapter covering avian energetics, although this material is scattered throughout several other chapters. The book's coverage of organismal physiology is generally outstanding, but mechanistic physiology is not its strong focus, outside of the aforementioned chapter on digestive physiology. Despite these minor shortcomings, this volume provides a very strong overview and synthesis focusing on organismal physiology in birds and on how organismal physiology is adjusted to meet ecological and environmental demands. The book serves as a valuable contribution to the literature on ecological and environmental physiology in birds and will help to stimulate future research in this area. As such, the book will be a useful reference for both upper-level undergraduate and graduate students and professionals working in avian ecology and physiology. However, it doesn't serve as a truly comprehensive source for avian physiological responses to environmental variation, so other sources will be required to supplement this text for a comprehensive treatment of the environmental physiology of birds.—DAVID L. SWANSON, Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069; E-mail: email@example.com.


According to the feature of soil mechanics curriculum and the authors' teaching experience,the discusses of how to improve the teaching efficiency of soil mechanics has been done from the perspective of teaching method, teaching contents and the strengthening practice respectively.


As part of a study of virtual acoustical environments, the ability of subjects to distinguish interpolated HRTFs from empirical HRTFs in the horizontal plane was investigated. Each interpolated HRTF was obtained by averaging empirical HRTFs from two positions chosen symmetrically about the location of interest. Empirical HRTFs were measured from the KEMAR mannequin in anechoic space. Subjects were tested using a 4I, 2AFC paradigm for several angles of interpolation using lowpass noise stimuli. Theoretical analysis predicted a useful lateralization cue for large interpolation angles. For a 2.2‐kHz lowpass stimulus, subjects reported the use of such a cue and performed at 96% correct (averaged across four subjects) for a 30‐deg angle. For a 10‐deg angle, subjects reported no lateralization cue and performed near chance (53% correct), until they discovered a spectral cue increasing performance significantly (69% correct). Monaural performance was comparable to binaural performance, consistent with prediction...


This study aimed to analyze the influence of variables Sharing of Risk, Claims, Akad and Fund Management Insurance against Possible Policyholders Interests Micro Small Medium Enterprises (MSME). The population used as a sample in this study is small and medium micro businesses who are members of national crafts council area of Yogyakarta as many as 77 respondents. Data were extracted using a Likert scale. Data processing method the researchers used multiple linear regression. The results of this study showed that simultaneous variables Sharing of Risk, Claims, Akad and Fund Management positing significant effect on the Candidate Policyholders Interests Takaful with a significance level of 0.000. Sharing of Risk Variable not significant positive effect on the Prospective Policyholders Interests Takaful with a significance level of 0.942. Variable Claims significant positive effect on the Candidate Policyholders Interests Takaful with a significance level of 0.019. Variable Akad significant positive effect on the Candidate Policyholders Interests Takaful with a significance level of 0.000. Variable Fund Management significant positive effect on the Candidate Policyholders Interests Takaful with a significance level of 0.007


Where to begin? Ecofeminism is essentialist, biologist and it lacks political efficacy. Ecofeminism is inconsistent, intellectually regressive and it lacks rigour. Ecofeminism is the fluffy face of feminism. Challengers of this view of ecofeminism insist that ecofeminism is scientific, profound, and essential to human and non-human survival. Criticisms of ecofeminism, they insist, are inaccurate, infected by patriarchy and/or simply naïve. They tell us that ecofeminism is political [Salleh, 1997]; ecofeminism is practical [Sturgeon, 1997]; ecofeminism is complex [Birkeland, 1993]; ecofeminism is ethical science [Mies and Shiva, 1988]; and that ecofeminism is the salvation of the world [Spretnak, 1990; Plant, 1989]. Women are said to be closer to nature than men are, and so only they can save the planet [Starhawk, 1990]. Debates regarding the efficacy and rigour of ecofeminism are well established and I have little to add to them. Critiques like those offered by Janet Biehl are thorough and thoughtful [Biehl, 1991]. Such critiques of ecofeminism are on the whole accurate and appropriate but, I suggest, what's really wrong with ecofeminism is that it denies its full potential. Ecofeminism is utopian in all senses of that term and it fails to acknowledge and exploit this. Understanding of this allows us to see both the value and the dangers of ecofeminist thought. Utopianism is both the beauty and the beast of ecofeminism.


Research and development (R&D) have been playing a very important role in business growth during the last decades. The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of the European Funds on R&D in Spanish companies during the period 2007-2011 taking into account that other factors but the EU Funds could have affected their results. Using data of companies, the impact of the EU grants is assessed on key outcome variables making use of three quasi-experimental models: a Difference in Difference approach based on panel data, the Propensity Score Matching technique, and a combination of the two. The research yields positive effects on the majority of the outcome variables studied. As an example, sales and internal company's investment are statistically larger for those businesses taking part in the EU support than for those not receiving the funds. This paper contributes to show evidence of the effects of the EU cohesion policy on R&D by means of impact evaluation tools.


8180 Background: Hematide is an innovative, synthetic, pegylated, peptidic ESA that binds to and activates the erythropoietin (EPO) receptor. Although its amino acid sequence is unrelated to that o...


The anti-American rhetoric which suddenly emerged in Western Europe's intellectual discourse during the showdown of the Second Gulf War in 2002–3 is more than a political act. The new patterns of antagonism are symptoms of a process of cultural emancipation that commenced in the 1990s. Surprisingly, the rationale behind the growing demise of the project of Americanization which dominated the Cold War is a critical examination of Europe's entanglement in a postmodern culture industry and its global markets. In the aftermath of unification, Germany's cultural scene has been meticulously scrutinized by its own intellectuals, who perceived the cultural imperialism of the USA as a threat. To some extent based on anti-American traditions that originate in Germany's period of Romanticism, contemporary intellectuals are acting as the guardians of the cultural values of so- called 'Old Europe'. However, it will be argued that the appraisal of the political and cultural intimacy of both continents will not only result in a schism but will also foster new and exciting transatlantic liaisons.


Harrogate Town retained the John Smiths Cup with a narrow 1-0 victory over local rivals, Railway Athletic. The game survived a torrential pre match ...


be transmitted to nuclear medicine technologists, nuclear phar macists and any other individuals preparing a dose of I.V. Per santine' through customer education and training. Such instruc tions do not appear to be a normal part ofa drug's package insert (P1). A review of the PDR indicates that no major parenteral product commercially available in ampules includes a statement requiring that these products be filtered prior to administration. Second, the authors indicate that although the P1 clearly states that the product should be protected from direct light, it is not clear why the I.V. Persantine―injection reacts to light exposure and for how long a period oftime I.V. Persantine@ can be exposed to light without causing any noticeable degradation of the drug. We offer the following information to clarify this concern. Once l.V. Persantine'isdiluted,thereisan apparentincreasein light sensitivity ofthe dipyridamole molecule. In studies performed by BIPI, the maximum rate of degradationvaried from about 3 hr to 30 hr. The 3-hr rate occurs in diluted (reconstituted) I.V. Persantine' , while the 30-hr rate corresponds to relatively more concentrated aqueous I.V. Persantine@' solutions. The degrada tion rate constant is obviously dependent on the light intensity in the laboratory. Thus originates the I.V. Persantine' package insert statements "avoid direct light―, "keep the product in the original carton to provide protection from light until dispensed― and "solutionshould not be used if discolored.― Prudent use of I.V. Persantine' would suggest storing the undiluted ampules in a cabinet, free from direct light subject to the expiration date. After dilution, the material should either be stored free from direct light (ideally) or not longer than about 3 hr when exposed to ambient light (prior to patient administration). Finally, the last question asked by the authors is why is I.V. Persantine' packaged in a 2-ml ampule containing l0-ml of dipyridamole versus a larger single patient dose ampule or mul tiple patient dose ampule/vial. The 2-ml ampule is the first commercially available form for I.V. Persantine― because data for this "putup― was submitted in the original NDA to the FDA. We are currently working on alternative putups for I.V. Persan tine' that must be submitted for FDA review prior to commer cialization. We hope that this adequately answers the questions outlined by the authors from the Mayo Clinic. If anyone has any further questions, please do not hesitate to call the Du Pont Pharma nuclear cardiology hotline at 1-800-343-785 1 for further clarifi cation.


Multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) that deals with multiple criteria in decision-making environments has been explicitly applied to various decision-making fields. Nevertheless, the critical issues of uncertainty and inaccuracy generally and gradually exists in the majority of the MCDM processes because of (1) prejudice and preference of decision-makers or experts as well as (2) the insufficiency information of the input and output. Therefore, this research efficiently proposed a novel method, FVM-index method, to resolve the limitations happened when MCDM is applied. The FVM-index approach, which consists of the fuzzy set theory (FST), the variable precision rough set (VPRS), and the cluster validity index (CVI) function, not only provides optimized classification results for the datasets but also filters out the uncertainty and inaccuracy instances from surveyed datasets by VPRS theory. Because the datasets are refined by the proposed FVM-index method, the decision makers will be able to effectively obtain the suitable results of MCDM. Keyword: Multi-Criteria Decision Making, Variable Precision Rough Set, Fuzzy Set Theory, FVM-index method.


Rational approximation in weighted discrete least squares sense.Linear and nonlinear parameters. Solve for linear in terms of nonlinear.Use orthogonal basis to minimize the condition number.Either direct orthogonal rational basis or linearized vector polynomial asa combination of orthogonal block polynomials.


This article is written with the aim of theoretically and methodologically substantiating a practice-oriented concept for the formation of creative thinking of students. The following main objectives of the study are set: to specify the scientific idea of the content of the concept of "creative thinking"; determine the psychological and pedagogical conditions for the formation of creative thinking of students; to reveal the role of a developing educational information environment in the formation of students' creative thinking; to develop a program for the formation of creative thinking of students using the means of information and communication technologies; to determine the effectiveness of the experimental work on the formation of creative thinking of students using the means of information and communication technologies. The article defines the methods, forms and means of forming creative thinking, and also draws conclusions.