Zabarniy М. М. Criminological analysis and trendsin crime during and after the pandemic in Ukraine andsome foreign countries. – Article.The aim was to conduct a criminological analysis ofthe crime of the first months of 2020, which coincidedin European countries with the spread of the pandemicCOVID-2019. The method of comparative analysis ofstatistical information of official sources of Ukraine andBulgaria for January-April 2020 was used. As a result,a significant change in the structure of crime as a wholewas revealed – a decrease in some indicators and thegrowth of others. There is a significant decrease in thefirst month of a number of "street" types of crimes and,above all, an increase in the rates of cybercrime. Since thesecond month of quarantine, an increase in fraud usingIT technologies, domestic violence and theft has becomesignificant. Theoretical and/or practical significance liesin the fact that the impact on crime of a social environmentchanged as a result of emergencies is revealed, the need tostudy the boundary of the use of law enforcement agenciesto ensure public order (in pandemic or other "risky"oremergency situations), the conditions for achievingbalance and maintaining the confidence of citizens incurbing the growth of crime is justified. The analysis ofcrime statistics and changes in the socio-economic sphereof Ukraine and Bulgaria for January-April 2020 allowsus to formulate prognostic trends in crime change in thenear future. It has been proved that the CriminologicalAnalysis of Statistics of Criminal Offenses of the FirstHalf of 2020 states that fear of the future, on the onehand, and tough measures to maintain the order proposedby considerations to combat the pandemic, on the other,in the first month reduced the desire for criminal acts.However, the change in the structure of crime during thisperiod should be examined in more detail, since the worldhas not yet experienced such shocks. It is indicated that,of course, the pandemic arranged an exam for everyone,and, above all, the effectiveness of the work of power atall levels, but also the confidence of citizens in power.And it is already obvious that the role of the police willincrease.Today's situation gave everyone a chance to makesense of their appointment: and someone replenished thearmy of volunteers, and the other took advantage of theshift in life values and accents and chose the criminal pathof further movement.


Technology is transforming our home and workplace environment. Interactive media such as e-mail, the Internet and teleconferencing are altering the manner in which we communicate with one another. These communication technologies can also be a catalyst for bringing about changes in our educational systems.[1] With computer conferencing, Web browsers and videoconferencing readily available, educators are being challenged to think of powerful, non-conventional ways to construct learning environments.[2] Therefore, it follows that teacher preparatory programs at universities must use these advanced technologies while training future teachers. As a result, beginning teachers will develop a comfort level with the technology and feel confident about integrating multimedia into instruction.[3] Project Inception and Design Undergraduate students and faculty at Kentucky State University in Frankfort collaborated with educators at Dixie K-4 Magnet School in Lexington, Kentucky, in a telecommunications project for an entire semester (16 weeks). It began when a professor teaching a Primary /Elementary Reading Methods course and the coordinator of videoconferencing at the University introduced preservice teachers (students training to be teachers) to interactive compressed video. This two-way video connection provided an avenue through which all university students could interact with master teachers (licensed educators) at an elementary classroom (remote site). Dixie School, approximately 25 miles away from the University, was invited to participate because officials there expressed a willingness to move away from standardized teaching while exploring the limits of technology. In addition, the school had new compatible videoconferencing equipment and embraced a philosophy that valued distance learning applications. Both institutions had compressed video classrooms that were connected to over 130 other similar interactive rooms at universities and K-12 schools throughout the state. The Kentucky TeleLinking Network connects these "two-way audio" and "two-way video" rooms through bundled phone lines, without satellite uplinks and downlinks. Each site had two large-screen monitors, one to display the received image from the remote site and a second to display the picture/images in their own classroom. In addition, each school had a document camera for sending images of graphics or real life objects. Project Development As the authors speculated about ways to structure this project, inquiries were honed to one guiding question: How can preservice teachers effectively observe and teach in an elementary setting via videoconference transmissions? Very little research was found with projects that involved elementary schools, preservice teachers and vicleoconferencing technology. Roblyer recommended that K-12 schools might benefit from examining videoconferencing delivery systems.[4] Furthermore, it is believed that videoconferencing can greatly enhance student interaction and participation.[5] Three planning sessions with Dixie via videoconferencing were conducted during the fall semester. Both sites exchanged ideas about project expectations, goals and which teachers would be involved. In addition, transmission days, times and technological logistics were considered. Initially Dixie's technology coordinator, librarian, three primary teachers and principal participated. When the telecasts started, a music instructor, fourth grade teacher and art educator joined the project. Coordinating days and times with the remote site took meticulous planning due to the number of people involved. Schedules and calendars had to be considered from educators at both sites, the videoconference rooms, videoconferencing coordinators, the university, and the school district. It was finally decided to link the sites once a week for one hour in the morning. Eighteen preservice teachers observed four Dixie teachers instructing Reading lessons for the first six weeks. …


Administration of high doses of vitamins B6, B1 and B12 successfully inhibited lactation without any untoward side-effects or discomfort in 96% of patients who had not yet established lactation, compared with 76,5% of control patients who received placebo.


This paper analyzes the functions and features of trouble - shooting of the electronic - controlled system, special -purpose inspecting equipments,common inspecting meters and the oscillograph in trouble - shooting of electronic - controlled system. By analysis of some typical waves and troubles, it shows that application of the oscillograph in trouble - shooting of electronic - controlled system has some practical significance.


Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the vascular wall play a key role in the development of atherosclerosis. Diabetes is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and leads to increased mortality rates in patients with vascular complications. NADPH oxidases (Nox) are major ROS generating enzymes in the vasculature. Though the roles of other components of Nox in atherosclerosis are well studied, Nox4 as the most abundant Nox component in endothelium and its roles in atherosclerosis are not well understood. The objective of this study was to elucidate the roles of endothelial Nox4 in diabetes‐induced atherosclerosis. ApoE−/− and EDN ApoE−/− (overexpressing an endothelial dominant negative form of Nox4, P437H) mice at 10 wks of age were administered of either vehicle or streptozotocin (STZ). At 20 weeks of age STZ significantly increased the Oil Red O staining of aortic root lesions in EDN ApoE−/− group compared to the littermate ApoE−/− group, correlating with an increase in vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 levels in endothelial cells from EDN. Our data indicates that downregulation of Nox4 in the endothelium accelerates atherosclerosis in diabetes, suggesting that Nox4 normally attenuates atherosclerosis in diabetes and the mechanism may be due to maintenance of endothelial homeostasis including inhibition of inflammatory factors.


. This paper describes the creation and methods of using a value-oriented approach in managing the scope of construction projects. In the framework of this approach, the following tasks are solved: the project's value management functions are determined, project value identification is underway, values of all project stakeholders are determined, structure of value is formed in the process of managing construction projects, principles of value creation are proposed at each stage of the construction project. Implementation of this methodology will help the decision makers to better understand their goals in the project and turn them into functional solutions. The article uses the following methods: P2M standard value approach, engineering values, value management. The processes (steps) of engineering value management were described in detail, as well as the method of "Five "E" and "Two "A" (the value approach of the standard P2M). The advantages of using the value approach as the basis for managing the scope of construction projects are characterized.


Introduction: Oral mucositis (OM) can have a significant impact on patients' quality
of life, pain and treatment costs. Almost all patients receiving head and neck
chemoradiation develop OM. Patients and Methods: Twenty patients were
evaluated retrospectively for OM when undergoing head and neck chemoradiation.
The control, soda/salt rinse, was compared to a powdered supersaturated calcium
phosphate rinse (SSCPR), SalivaMAX. Results: The SSCPR group experienced
a delay in the onset of OM, which was not statistically significant, and a
marked reduction in peak OM that was statistically significant (p > 0.001). Conclusion: This
retrospective study demonstrates that a powdered SSCPR is a safe and effective
method of oral mucositis mitigation.


This report describes the preparation of superhydrophobic and oleophobic surfaces by grafting of poly(perfluorodecylacrylate) chains with initiated chemical vapor deposition on silicon substrates. The grafting enhances the formation of a semicrystalline phase. The crystalline structures reduce the polymer chain mobility, resulting in nonwetting surfaces with both water and mineral oil. On the contrary, the same contacting liquid easily wets the amorphous ungrafted polymer.


This paper presents Learning-based Autonomous Guidance with Robustness, Optimality, and Safety guarantees (LAG-ROS), a real-time robust motion planning algorithm for safety-critical nonlinear systems perturbed by bounded disturbances. The LAG-ROS method consists of three phases: 1) Control Lyapunov Function (CLF) construction via contraction theory; 2) imitation learning of the CLF-based robust feedback motion planner; and 3) its real-time and decentralized implementation with a learning-based model predictive safety filter. For the CLF, we exploit a neural-network-based method of Neural Contraction Metrics (NCMs), which provides a differential Lyapunov function to minimize an upper bound of the steady-state Euclidean distance between perturbed and unperturbed system trajectories. The NCM ensures the perturbed state to stay in bounded error tubes around given desired trajectories, where we sample training data for imitation learning of the NCM-CLF-based robust centralized motion planner. Using local observations in training also enables its decentralized implementation. Simulation results for perturbed nonlinear systems show that the LAG-ROS achieves higher control performance and task success rate with faster execution speed for real-time computation, when compared with the existing real-time robust MPC and learning-based feedforward motion planners.


Objectives Increasing rates of childhood obesity have been suggested as a possible cause for the increasing prevalence of chronic conditions among adults and children. Few studies have examined whether obese children are more likely to use medications than normal weight children. We investigate this association in the UK. Design A panel study with repeated observations at ages 5, 7 and 11. Setting A general population sample drawn from the Millennium Cohort Study, a UK-based birth cohort. Participants A sample of 9667 children. Primary and secondary outcome measures Our primary outcomes were crude and adjusted probabilities of taking any regular medications and the number of medications among overweight and obese children compared with normal weight children. Our secondary outcome was the distribution of medication use by therapeutic classification across body mass index (BMI) groups. Results Obese children were more likely to use any medication (marginal effect (ME)=0.02, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.03) and to use more medications (ME=0.08, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.12) than normal weight children. Obese children used more medications for respiratory conditions than those of other BMI groups. Conclusions Obese children are more likely to use regular medications and have comorbid conditions, even at young ages. This suggests that the cost of prescriptions should be considered when evaluating the economic burden of childhood obesity and that preventative strategies to reduce childhood obesity could be cost-effective in the short as well as in the long term. While more research is needed, both clinicians and policymakers should be aware of these findings when planning prevention and treatment strategies.


OBJECTIVE:To investigate the expression and significance of bcl 2 protein in human uterine smooth muscle tumors (USMTs).METHODS:The immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the bcl 2 protein expressions in 20 usual leiomyoma (UL),70 borderline leiomyoma (BLM) and 18 leiomyosarcoma (LMS).RESULTS:The positive bcl 2 protein expression rate of UL was significantly higher than that of LMS , P 0 05;the positive bcl 2 protein expression rate of BLM was significantly higher than that of LMS, P 0 01.CONCLUSIONS:The inhibition of the induction of apoptosis by bcl 2 protein overexpression might play an important role in human uterine smooth muscle tumors.


This paper describes a size and tissue absorption based comprehensive approach to optimize a pair of coils for the purpose of wireless powering of brain implanted sensors. In the first step, the optimum transmission frequency is determined by considering tolerable coil size, power transmission efficiency and tissue absorption effects. After modeling the important quantities at the frequency of interest, a numerical analysis is performed, revealing a set of coils suitable for efficient inductive powering. This numerical analysis was verified by both FEM simulation and concluding measurements. All simulations account for the layered structure of the human head, modeling the dielectric properties with Cole-Cole dispersion effects. Furthermore, a strategy of boosting power transmission efficiency is covered in simulation and measurement, particularly the application of a ferrite shielding to the transmission coil. In consequence, a link efficiency of 80% at a coil separation distance of 5mm and 20% at 20 mm using a 10mm planar receiving coil can be achieved, contributing to a higher integration density of multi-channel brain implanted sensors.


This paper discusses the research conducted on developing a Multi-Agent System (MAS) for solving an image classification task. The aim of this research is to equip agents in MAS with reusable autonomous capabilities. The system provides a flexible framework for developing the communication aspects within an agent-oriented architecture to program agents that dynamically acquire functionality at runtime using event based messaging. In this research agents are equipped with unique image processing capabilities and required to interact and cooperate to achieve the goal. Complementary research on a variety of agent tools (specifically JACK, JADE and CIAgent) and communication languages (ACL, KQML, FIPA and SOAP) has been reviewed to glean knowledge that enables these agents to adapt those capabilities. The system has generated encouraging results.


Problem. Seventh-day Adventist Churches in the southern California region are becoming racially, ethnically, and culturally diverse, thus providing a favorable climate to embrace a worship service that includes the needs of all people. How can churches embrace a worship service that emphasizes diversity, is inclusive, and becomes an intentional multicultural worship service? Is there a first step that clergy and worship leaders can take to have a multicultural worship service? How important is the role of leaders in helping this becoming a reality? Method. This project developed a multicultural worship service led by church pastors of diverse racial, ethnic, or cultural backgrounds leading worship together. The coming together of at least two pastors will be called an honorary co-pastor service. The Fallbrook Church has two worship services: 8:15 and 11:00. The 8:15 worship service was the intervention service to measure the congregation's acceptance of multicultural worship. The results of the 8:15 worship service was evaluated against the 11:00 worship service. Results. Returns from the survey appear to be positive. The co-pastor intervention of culturally or racially diverse pastors worshipping together affected the attitude of the congregation to embrace multicultural worship. As a result of the survey it appears the honorary co-pastor model can be a first step for congregations with a similar interest in developing a multicultural service. Conclusions. A multicultural worship service with the honorary co-pastor model is a tangible and practical response to a foundational text regarding worship found in Revelation 14:6- 7. In this passage, our worship is to the God of the eternal gospel and His transforming grace for all people. Leaders from diverse backgrounds provide an example of unity in worship through scripture, prayer, music, and fellowship. Through this model the congregation has the opportunity to learn acceptance of people from diverse backgrounds. In the worship service there can be no greater response to God's call than when pastors lead a congregation toward reconciliation with each other.


Phonetic studies of nasal and lateral sounds pose numerous obstacles to researchers because there are no unequivocal acoustic parameters indicating these types of articulation. Therefore, investigators resort to special systems dedicated to the investigation of nasality and electropalatography (EPG), which is the main accessible alternative to spectrographic analysis in studying lateral sounds. These systems are costly, often invasive and do not examine naturally produced speech. The present article shows how a multi-channel recorder may be used in detecting non-invasively both nasality and laterality in speech. The described system records video together with multi-channel audio and calculates spatial coordinates of sound propagation sources. Such a combination of audio and video data allows the researcher to establish if the release of an articulated segment is oral, nasal(ized) or lateral.


Rapidly increasing costs of print-on-paper scientific journals are largely driving the move to electronic publishing. Current electronic scientific journals range in format from non-peer reviewed, bulletin-board types that are free to users, through to expensive, user-friendly, multimedia types established by new or traditional scientific publishers. Potential advantages of electronic publishing scientific journals include faster and wider access, cost-savings (up to 75–80%), greater speed of publication, and colour and multimedia presentation of data. Problems to be faced in electronic publishing of scientific journals include limitations in monitor technology, "traffic" on the Internet, resolution of fine detail in electronic graphic images, and the method of payment. It is concluded that the advantages of electronic scientific journals will result in a near complete conversion from print-on-paper to electronic publishing in the near future. Key words: Electronic publishing, internet, multimedia, scient...


Abstract : The analysis and forecasting of atmospheric and oceanic conditions important to air/ sea operations in the Philippine Islands area are described. The area covered includes the islands -- Luzon the Visayas (the central islands) and Mindanao -- from about 4.7 deg N to 21.5 N and 117 E to 127 E; and the Philippine Sea, Luzon Strait, South China Sea, and Sulu Sea. Seasonal climatologies of the southwest and northeast monsoons and tradewind regime, plus electromagnetic and ducting conditions, are presented. Appendices provide additional climatologies, a study of tropical cyclone characteristics, climatic normals for 60 Philippine stations, and percent frequencies of wave heights. Five case studies examine current accuracy of the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) model analyses and prognoses. Tropical cyclone bulletins issued by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, Guam, are identified and described; forecast philosophies are discussed. Interaction of Typhoon Yunya and the eruption of Mount Pinatubo volcano in June 1991 is described, and the dangers posed to aviation by volcanic ash are discussed. Philippine meteorology, Monsoon, Typhoon, Philippine oceanography, Tropical cyclone.


Why do the poor respond to some populist appeals and not to others? Populist support is largely attributed to a leader's "populist style." Populist style is seen as consisting of tactics aimed at cultivating popular identification. This explanation, however, cannot tell us why the poor discriminate among leaders employing similar tactics. This article considers the question with respect to the Philippine populist Joseph Estrada. It finds that the poor support Estrada because they perceive him to be sincere, or someone who cares about them beyond electoral considerations. They see him as sincere because his political performance engages their expectations and has proven coherent over time. The collective nature of their belief in Estrada's sincerity helps account for its objectivity, durability, and diffusion. The empirical case presents an opportunity to develop a more sophisticated account of populist style and to show that it depends as much on the political savvy of supporters as on the skill of leaders.


Abstract The concepts of structural materials sendeeability increasing and of neutron irradiation effect weakening are discussed. The main attention is paid to the isotropy of mechanical properties, reduction of grain boundary strength weakening and to the preventing of strain localization. The developed on the base of this concepts the radiation resistant alloy 03Cr20Ni30Mo2NbZzCe possess a high resistance to vacancy void generation and radiation swelling.


Objective. To reassess the efficacy of the Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) 2000 staging and risk factor scoring system in comparison to the original World Health Organization (WHO) prognostic scoring system (1983) in a single‐institute setting. Design. Retrospective review of the medical records of 89 patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Setting. Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, a regional referral center for northern Taiwan, over a 20‐year period. Methods. All selected patients were classified retrospectively by the original WHO prognostic scoring system (1983) and the FIGO 2000 system. Main outcome measure. Efficacy as the correlation of risk categorization by percentage of patients between the original WHO scoring system (1983) and the FIGO 2000 system. Results. The correlation was 97%. Only two patients were classified as middle risk group in the original WHO system (1983), but as high‐risk group by the FIGO 2000 system. Conclusion. There was good correlation between the original WHO (1983) and FIGO 2000 systems. Treatment outcomes by FIGO 2000 system were somewhat better than by the original WHO classification.


The Fire Regime Condition Class (FRCC) is a composite departure measure that compares current vegetation structure and fire regime to historical reference conditions. FRCC is computed as the average of: 1) Vegetation departure (VDEP) and 2) Regime (frequency and severity) departure (RDEP). In addition to the FRCC rating, the Vegetation Condition Class (VCC) and Regime Condition Class (RCC) are produced to indicate the status of each. FRCC assessments are applied as ecological condition measures across the U.S. for land and fire management plans, National Environmental Policy Act documents, project plans, burn plans, and agency reporting. Input data to FRCC computation include proportions of different successional stages within biophysical settings, estimates of current fire frequency and severity, historical reference conditions for successional stages, frequency, and severity, and the analysis area extent. Hydrologic unit maps, frequently referred to as Hydrologic Unit Codes (HUCs), for regional and local assessments and LANDFIRE Map Zones for national assessments commonly represent the analysis extent area. Mapping methods and quality have substantially improved with the development of the FRCC Mapping Tool with the associated User Guide and Tutorial. Our tests of mapping FRCC indicate that resulting FRCC metrics are highly sensitive to analysis scales of landscape extents, assumptions of current and historical fire regimes, and resolution of input maps. Examples of these effects and management implications are presented along with recommendations. We conclude that, when appropriately mapped, the Strata FRCC is a very useful measure of ecological condition, while the Stand FRCC is a very useful measure for prioritizing local vegetation and fuel treatments. The Regime Conditions of frequency and severity are highly useful for prioritizing wildland and prescribed fire options, as well as for designing vegetation and fuel treatments.


 Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems are minimally invasive or noninvasive devices that measure glucose levels in interstitial fluid at frequent intervals over a period of several days. CGM systems are designed to obtain diurnal patterns in glucose levels that, when reviewed retrospectively by the physician, can guide adjustments to therapy, with the goal of improving overall glycemic control. The glucose measurements provided during continuous monitoring are not intended to replace standard self-monitoring of blood glucose obtained using finger stick blood samples.  Remote glucose monitors. These monitors (i.e. mySentry by Minimed) monitor glucose and signal an alarm if glucose levels drop below a pre-determined value.


The management of resources is a preoccupation of the modern society because of their over exploration. In this work we analysed the topic "Management of resources" in the textbooks from ten countries European, two African ones and another from the Middle East, since the first grade till the end of the secondary level. We used a grid constructed in the context of a European Project "Biohead Citizen". The results showed that the textbooks give little importance to the need of the behaviour change (individual and social), in terms of the use of resources, and also little importance to sustainability.


3-Methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophene-2-carboxylic acid was synthesized chemoselectively from 3-formyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophene-2-carboxylic acid, using Et3SiH/I2 as a reducing agent. The title compound was characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and LCMS.


The online marketing on both the sponsored and individual websites of the companies has led to the search queries that have led to increased consumer propensity to buy products through multi-channel retailing. Impulse buying driven by the daily deals, offers and the like attract potential and the new consumers. The companies use videos, pictures, stories and the like in providing the information to the consumers at large. The companies should focus on customer engagement and online presence in order to serve customers and satisfy their needs. The present study introspects into the influence of the on-line marketing on the buying behavior of the households in the city of Bengaluru.


We present results of our numerical calculation of the mass spectrum for the pentaquark states in quenched lattice QCD. It is found that the spin‐parity assignment of the lowest Θ(uudds) state is most likely spin‐1/2 and negative parity. We have also calculated the mass of the charm analog of the Θ and find that the Θc(uuddc) state lies much higher than the DN threshold, in contrast to several model predictions.


Maternal effects occur when maternal environment or phenotype influence offspring phenotype, in addition to genetic contribution of the mother. As maternal effects often influence phenotypes that a ...


Stress is inevitable in our society. Researches on stress make it evident that, evaluating the complex area of stress, especially the area of educational stress, is very difficult. During the past decade, the educational sector has under gone rapid changes like in academic curriculum, teaching policies, increasing competition due to large number of government and private universities and colleges etc. The present study attempts to throw light on the various personal and environmental factors that increase the level of stress. Taking the sample of 475 employees working in various government & private universities and colleges


Pericles' praise of the Athenian constitution presupposes a complex audience, some members of which are reluctant to hear his praise. Part of the resistance arises from doubts about the celebrated negative freedom of the private citizen (Thuc. 2.37.2-3). But it also concerns the positive political freedom of all citizens to participate equally in political life (Thuc. 2.37.1). Pericles attempts to overcome audience resistance by frankly acknowledging its source—"the equal share" (compare Aristotle's arithmetic equality) and its allegedly unfair consequences for the rich—and by showing why the principle does not entail class domination. All citizens and classes share in governance, without sectarian injustice.


The Landau levels of cold atomic gases in non-Abelian gauge fields are analyzed. In particular we identify effects on the energy spectrum and density distribution which are purely due to the non-Abelian character of the fields. We investigate in detail non-Abelian generalizations of both the Landau and the symmetric gauge. Finally, we discuss how these non-Abelian Landau and symmetric gauges may be generated by means of realistically feasible lasers in a tripod scheme.


This Article calls for an examination of liberal ideology and child-centered policies. I will eagerly provide such an examination, but I want to make it clear that although I spent almost all of my time on Capitol Hill working for Republicans, I can just as eagerly provide an examination of the disconnect between conservative ideology and child-centered policies. I am not an apologist for conservatives on this issue.Despite the fact that words intended to make children safe have been written into social work manuals,1 federal hearings have been held to investigate child abuse and neglect,2 bicameral and bipartisan agreements to eliminate child maltreatment have been reached,3 and child protection laws have been on the books for decades,4 four-to-five children still die every day due to maltreatment.5 Why are these laws not followed? What is the reasoning behind the appalling lack of implementation and enforcement? What is the impact of liberal ideology on child protection reform and action?As a commissioner for the federally mandated Commission to Eliminate Child Abuse and Neglect Fatalities (CECANF),6 I asked a panel of directors of child welfare and children's mental health experts: "Who do you believe is your client?" The responses ranged from "everyone who walks through the door" to "all poor Americans." Not one expert, out of all the state agency directors, named the child as the client. In fact, the panel ended with one of the witnesses grabbing the microphone to say: "Nothing can help prevent children from dying from maltreatment." Children cannot be protected until the problems that stem from poverty and institutional racism are solved.In February 2014, a two-year-old child in Vermont was allegedly murdered at the hands of her stepfather.7 Only a year earlier, the child suffered two broken legs as a result of abuse.8 In the wake of her death, the Vermont State Police conducted a criminal investigation to determine if any child welfare workers knew that the twoyear-old child had her legs broken only one year before and that the mother waited two days before going to the hospital while her child suffered severe pain.9 The child welfare workers knew, but were swayed by the fact that the mother participated in counseling and parenting classes and took this as evidence that the mother should be reunited with the toddler, consequently awarding full custody to the mother on February 6, 2014.10 Thirteen days later, the child "was admitted to the hospital with multiple severe head trauma resulting in her death."11 It took the stepfather less than two weeks to allegedly murder this child. No criminal charges were filed against the child welfare workers, in part, because the lead investigator noted that several of the child welfare workers that he interviewed, along with an official from the State's Attorney's Office, stated that "there is an overwhelming push from the onset of most cases for re-unification."12 "It was brought up that this focus on reunification very often puts the needs of the parents above the needs and interest of the child or victim."13Too many professionals in the fields of social work, law, and medicine ignore what is widely known about social services to prevent or treat parents that harm their children. Though some promising programs are emerging, the weight of empirical evidence indicates that tools for assessing child safety, along with child abuse prevention and treatment programs as currently administered and implemented, are not effective. A report to Congress on the effectiveness of activities under the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA)14 noted that available research cannot attribute federally funded state grants with producing any change or specific outcomes.15 Yet, the belief persists that every abused and neglected child can safely remain in his family or return to his family through the provision of services. This Article will examine the ideology that contributes to front-line caseworkers responsible for assessing child safety, often experiencing confusion about who their client is, resulting in these workers' belief that they must exhaust every effort to preserve or reunify abusive families before making child safety a concern. …


Mixed-criticality (MC) systems have recently been devised to address the requirements of real-time systems in industrial applications, where the system runs tasks with different criticality levels on a single platform. In some workloads, a high-critically task might overrun and overload the system, or a fault can occur during the execution. However, these systems must be fault tolerant and guarantee the correct execution of all high-criticality (HC) tasks by their deadlines to avoid catastrophic consequences, in any situation. Furthermore, in these MC systems, the peak-power consumption of the system may increase, especially in an overload situation and exceed the processor thermal design power (TDP) constraint. This may cause generating heat beyond the cooling capacity, resulting the system stop to avoid excessive heat and halting the processor. In this article, we propose a technique for dependent dual-criticality tasks in fault-tolerant multicore MC systems to manage peak-power consumption and temperature. The technique develops a tree of possible task mapping and scheduling at design-time to cover all possible scenarios and reduce the low-criticality task drop rate in the HC mode. At the runtime, the system exploits the tree to select a proper schedule according to fault occurrences and criticality mode changes. Experimental results show that the average task schedulability is 74.14% on average for the proposed method, while the peak-power consumption and maximum temperature are improved by 16.65% and 14.9 °C on average, respectively, compared to a recent work. In addition, for a real-life application, our method reduces the peak power and maximum temperature by up to 20.06% and 5 °C, respectively, compared to a state-of-the-art approach.


Biodiesel is a biodegradable 100% natural energy alternative to petroleum fuel. It can be produced from the vegetable oils. Biodiesel contains no petroleum but it can be blended at any level with the petroleum diesel to create a biodiesel blend. The oil obtained from the seeds of the False sesame is used as a source for biodiesel. False sesame (Ceratotheca sesamoides)is aslender erect annual herbbelonging to the family Pedaliaceae,which is commonly found in Africa. The False sesame seedwere collected and the oil was extracted by using ahydro-carbon solvent, Petroleum ether. The Physico chemical properties of the oil obtained from the seedsof False sesamehas been analyzed for its potential use as a Biodiesel. The physico-chemical properties were analyzed by blending the oil with the conventional diesel at 10% (B10) & 20% (B20) proportions and compared with that of diesel. The physico-chemical properties assessed includes, specific gravity, density, viscosity, flash point, fire point, cloud point, pour point, smoke point, pH, viscosity, carbon residue, saponification value, acid value, and iodine value. The results were presented and discussed in the present communication.


The internal flow field of EGSB (Expanded Granular Sludge Bed) reactor was investigated by using CFD simulation. A three-dimensional Eulerian–Eulerian two phase (sewage-granular sludge) fluid model was applied to investigate the impact of water distribution system on the internal flow field by considering the ratio α of hole area to reactor area. Results showed that the flow state of sludge granules changed periodically when the sludge bed reached a stabilization stage, and every cycle included two periods (U period and D period), where U stands for up-flow of the granular sludge and D represents down-flow. Keeping the upward-flow velocity of reactor at 3 m/h and reducing ratio α from 1.44% to 0.25%, the flow state of the two periods changed differently and was closely related to the height of reactor. Besides, the ratio α could affect the homogeneity of sludge granules, which could further influence the performance of the reactor. In addition, a validation experiment was conducted to verify the practical applicability of the fluid model, a good relationship between simulation and experiment was discovered, which further confirmed that the ratio α of water distribution system has significant impact on the internal flow field of EGSB.


In 1995 the contribution of the forestry sector to the Sri Lanka economy was nearly 1.3 percent of the Gross National Product (Central Bank of Sri Lanka, 1995). Its contribution to the national economy declined from 1.7 percent in 1988 to 1.4 percent in 1994 as can be seen in Table 1. The marginal decline of the forestry sector reflected diminishing timber resources which has resulted from over exploitation of forests during this period due to population growth and economic development. The total employment in forestry and wood-based industries in 1995 were around 331,000 persons. Of the total 67 percent biomass energy produced in the country, nearly 66 percent was mainly from fuel wood, a main product of natural forests in the dry and wet zones of the country. This means fuel wood provided nearly 44 percent of the total energy produced in the country.


Research on pornography has distinguished between its violent and nonviolent forms. Analyses of the content of violent pornography have largely focused on readily available soft-core images in adult films and magazines. However, current research has not adequately addressed pornography on the Internet. We show that discussions about violent pornography are incomplete without an understanding of the Internet as a unique and rapidly expanding medium for disseminating images of sexual violence against women. This article attempts to fill that gap by examining violent pornography using a sample of 31 free Internet sites. Each site was analyzed for its portrayal of women victims, male perpetrators, and its story of rape. Please be advised that the analysis contains graphic descriptions of violence toward women found on Internet rape sites.


Rosa laevigata Michx.is rich in nutrients(vitamins,amino acids,minerals,etc.) and active ingredients(polysaccharides,flavonoids,triterpenoids and their derivatives),and has the effects of lowering blood lipid and blood pressure,eliminating inflammation,suppressing bacteria,removing nitrosamines and creatine,enhancing immunity,preventing and resisting cancer.The paper reviewed the survey of the study on the main constituent,the healthcare function and the product development of Rosa laevigata Michx.,analyzed the problem existing in the study,and discussed the future study and development direction.


prosper, it must be consumed as a seed by the mind of whoever accepts it and emerge again as a natural expression of his thoughts and actions. It is not only that the idea becomes part of the person, but also that the person becomes part of the idea. If procedures are offered for fostering creativity, they can become useful to someone only when the basic principles that support the procedures are properly understood and each specific illustration is either modified or actually discarded. Each of the procedures to be presented in this article is subject, entirely or in part, to the following premises: (1) learning is best effected when a genuine need to know is present; (2) the exercise of imagination and originality by the inexperienced student is best achieved through his unfettered manipulation of unfamiliar materials; (3) technique as such is a natural consequence of experience gained in doing the very things for which the technique is needed; and (4) a genuine sense of proportion, artistry, and creative fulfilinent requires that all problems in composition be complete and musically selfsufficient. The student's first experience in a music theory class should lead him to a new awareness of sound. This is best achieved through the use of sound sources other than conventional instruments-sound sources that do not produce discrete pitches and do not submit to the organizing schemes peculiar to the tempered system. The student might be asked, at the very beginning of the course, to produce a composition of a particular duration using sounds produced on a specified number of commonly available metallic or wooden objects. The piece, when finished, could be presented as an improvisation by the student himself or played by several students from notation invented by the composer. An assignment of this type is easily accomplished by the student; and though it may appear to be a simple-minded activity by some, it requires most of the behavior patterns related to creative processes used by any composer in the con-


How do people understand concepts such as dog, aggressive dog , dog house or house dog ? The meaning of a concept depends crucially on the concepts around it. While this hypothesis has existed for a long time, only recently it has become possible to test it based on neuroimaging and quantify it using computational modeling. In this paper, a neural network is trained with backpropagation to map attribute-based semantic representations to fMRI images of subjects reading everyday sentences. Backpropagation is then extended to the attributes, demonstrating how word meanings change in different contexts. Across a large corpus of sentences, the new attributes are more similar to the attributes of other words in the sentence than they are to the original attributes, demonstrating that the meaning of the context is transferred to a degree to each word in the sentence. Such dynamic conceptual combination effects could be included in natural language processing systems to encode rich contextual embeddings to mirror human performance more accurately.


This paper presents and experimentally validates a physically motivated model for predicting the mean residence time in twin screw extruders. Accurate estimation of the mean residence time and the propagation delay through a plasticating extruder is critical for implementing feedback control schemes employing sensors mounted along the extruder. Experiments were carried out on a 30 mm Krupp Werner and Pfleiderer co-rotating twin screw extruder equipped with reflectance optical probes over the melting section and mixing section and at the die. The residence time distributions for twelve operating conditions and two screw geometries are compared. The mean residence times predicted by our model are in good agreement with the experimentally measured mean residence times.


This paper seeks to argue that Edward Hopper's Early Sunday Morning (1930), Girlie Show (1941), and Two Comedians (1966) all show interest in the ephemerality of stage art. These paintings, I argue, depend upon innovations and fashions in lighting and set design from Hopper' era. These influences, I further contend, extend beyond the mechanical to the thematic; if these paintings resemble the stage, it is significant that the stages he depicts are vacant of actors or signify either a scene which is about to occur or one which has ended. By evoking the empty stage, Hopper's work, I seek to demonstrate, invites meditations on the impermanence of stagecraft.


— In this paper, we perform a comprehensive evaluation on blockchain sharding protocols. We deconstruct the blockchain sharding protocol into four foundational layers with orthogonal functionalities, securing some properties. We evaluate each layer of seven state-of-the-art blockchain sharding protocols, and identify a considerable number of new attacks, questionable design trade-offs and some open challenges. The layered evaluation allows us to unveil security and performance problems arising from a fundamen-tal design choice, namely the coherence of system settings across layers. In particular, most sharded blockchains use different trust and synchrony assumptions across layers, without corresponding architectural guarantees. Unless a hybrid architecture were used, assuming differentiated system settings across layers can introduce subtle but severe failure syndromes or reduce the system's performance.


RF impedance is one of the most important parameters of lumped parameter electronic component. In order to ensure the measuring accuracy, it is necessary to calibrate the instruments with impedance standard on a regular basis, which can eliminate uncertainties of the test results. This study focus on the theoretic analysis of the open impedance standard, one of the RF impedance standard kit. Theoretic calculation and measurement is adopted in this study, the calibration of the open standard is finally accomplished with equivalent method and cubic spline interpolation method.


The present paper gives a report on changes of enzyme reactions, of the glycogen content, and the nucleolus picture in lymphocytes which are based on cytochemical investigations of blood smears taken from 110 children with different diseases. In 20 new-born babies the cytochemical responses of lymphocytes after triple immunization with Di-Pe-Te immunization matter were observed. The findings reveal significant changes to be found predominantly in the activity of alpha-naphthylacetate esterase, PAS-reaction and the nucleolus picture of lymphocytes in immunological reactions. No hints for specific immunological functions of lymphocytes could be detected. The changes may refer to B-lymphocytes and to T-lymphocytes.


Time series analysis (time series) is one method with the aim to find out events that will occur in the future based on data and past circumstances. Time series are widely used in economics, business, environmental science, and finance. The analytical tool that is widely used to answer quantitative research problems is the Autoregressive Vector (VAR). The VAR model is used if the data is stationary. If the variable has cointegration and stationary at the first difference value, the VAR model is modified to become the Error Correction Model (VECM). Then we can find out the influence of variables with other variables by looking at the Impulse Response Function and Granger Causality. In this research, PT Kalbe Farma Tbk's stock data will be analyzed. (KLBF) and PT Kimia Farma (Persero) Tbk (KAEF). The data used are weekly data from January 2010 to June 2020. Based on data analysis, it is known that the data is not stationary and there are unit roots. Furthermore, first differencing is done to make the data stationary. Because there was cointegration, a VECM analysis was performed and a VECM (p) was obtained with a lag of p = 4. So the best model for this research is VECM (4) with rank = 2. Causal relationships between variables using Granger Causality showed that KLBF influenced KAEF in the past. Based on IRF analysis, each variable gives a fluctuating response with itself and with other variables.


This year marks the 110th anniversary of the first successful operation on the heart. Over the centuries, from the time of Galen, wounds of the heart were considered fatal. With the advent of anaesthesia and of antiseptic surgery, the latter part of the 19th century saw an explosion in the surgery of the abdominal cavity, of the chest, skull and the limbs, yet the heart was considered to be a 'no go' region of the body.


This article details the results of a 'current state analysis' of data quality practices undertaken within the New Zealand health care sector. The practices were compared with the practices of companies based overseas and outside of health care to understand the relative capability maturity of New Zealand health sector organisations. The impetus for undertaking this research is the increasing complexity of data management through improved information technology and telecommunications, allowing for the movement, integration and subsequent mining of data. The researcher undertook a survey of data quality work in organisations both within and outside of New Zealand. The survey tool was designed to provide a comparison with the New Zealand health care organisations' data quality maturity or capability. The key concepts to emerge from the research provide insight into the data quality maturity of New Zealand health care organisations. The many disparate sources of data in health care lead to considerable complexity in their management. Currently, there is a reactive nature to data quality management, contributing to a lack of trust in data, as users are often made aware of data quality problems for the first time when they try to use data. Health care has similar data quality issues to other organisations. The research emphasises that those organisations with an established data quality team are more mature in their management of data quality.


The appearance of new technologies of information and communication has created a radical shift in the way we communicate opening new dimensions. This article presents a small sample of ways in which New Technologies support the feminist cause. Some of these such as: the technical development of audiovisual resources, the possibility of dissemination via internet, the new chat services, specially social networks, have been used to communicate .


A new type of polymer supported hypervalent iodine reagent, which is sufficiently reactive for the formation of 5-benzoyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone from 4-benzoylbutyric acid, has been prepared by a convenient method; the poly(4-iodostyrene), formed in the ractonization could be regenerated and recycled for reuse the same reaction.


This paper investigates the impact of a recycling fee on the dynamic of firms' environmental innovation strategies, waste manageme nt and on environmental variables. We address this issue by developing an evolutionary si mulation model to describe the behaviour of business firms as interacting with that of consumer s and recyclers. Our experiments show that the effect of the fee depends mainly on the design of t he instrument and the way it is implemented. The model dynamics show that an individual fee, pro po tional to the recyclability of each product, paid by the consumers would be the most effective i nstrument.


Due to the asymmetry of the stator windings of an unsymmetrical induction motor, the equations which describe this device cannot be expressed in a frame of reference where the state variables are constant in the steady state. This prevents linearization and thereby places a stumbling block in the development of a transfer function which could be used in linear control analysis, as in servo applications. The work presented in this paper provides a means to accomplish this goal. This is achieved by eliminating the position-dependent terms brought about due to asymmetry by recognising a unique property of a combination of reference frames and by employing an averaging procedure. The resulting equations are shown to predict the performance of the unsymmetrical induction motor with the accuracy of the detailed equations. The stage is now set to develop accurate reduced-order models and linear transfer functions for unsymmetrical induction motors. >


Development of stable isotope analysis allows us to use benthic particulate organic matter (BPOM) deposited on the riverbed as an environmental indicator for river health since BPOM reflects origin of organic matter in the river ecosystem. The POM of human origin and terrestrial plant origin can be detected by higher values of delta thirteen carbon and delta fifteen nitrogen, respectively. However, if the BPOM of different origin is apt to deposit at different locations on the riverbed, we have to make the sampling in consideration with their distribution patterns. In this paper, therefore, we investigated spatial distribution of BPOM on the riverbed and its origin by measuring the stable isotope of carbon and nitrogen of BPOM samples collected in the upper reaches of the Kamo River, running through Kyoto city, Japan. Then we examined relations of pool-riffle structure to redistribution of BPOM of different origin on the riverbed based on the samples collected at various sites in a stream reach at various timing of changing flow regimes. In a low water-level condition before a spate, BPOM concentrated at the inner side of meander and in the upper side of pool. Results of stable isotope analysis indicated this BPOM was composed of more allochtonous organic matter originated from terrestrial plants, whereas that deposited in the lower side of pool was composed of more autochtonous organic matter originated from algae. Once a spate came, the distribution pattern broke down into a uniform one, and then, during a descending period after rising, the allochtonous BPOM increased again in the upper side of pool and the autochtonous BPOM in the lower side of pool. This redistribution process of BPOM through disturbance may be repeated constantly since the benthic macroinvertebrates at each site had corresponding values of stable isotopic signature.


This paper describes a course devised to assist engineers in writing for publication. It was developed by the author after studying the attitudes that deter many engineers from writing. The course, designed to overcome these negative attitudes, has been successful as evidenced by the fact all graduates of the class have had articles accepted for publication or symposia presentation.


A photomask blank (100) used as a master of a transfer mask having, on a substrate (10), a transfer pattern to be transferred. The photomask blank (100) has, on the substrate (10), a light-shielding film (20) to serve as a transfer pattern and a resist film (30). In order that a desired pattern position accuracy and a desired focusing accuracy may be obtained when a transfer mask having a transfer pattern formed by patterning the light-shielding film (20) is supported by a substrate holding member of an exposure system, the resist film (30) formed on the peripheral portion of a major surface of the substrate (10) is partly removed from a predetermined region in the supported area (31) of the photomask blank (100) supported by the substrate holding member. With such a structure, when a reticle is held by a substrate holding member of a stepper, the deformation of the reticle is suppressed, and the degradation of position accuracy of the transfer pattern and the degradation of the focusing accuracy are minimized.


Study of frozen rock mechanical properties is necessary for safe application of the artificial ground freezing method in excavation of Chinese western water-rich soft rock layers. Triaxial compression tests and NMR test for samples from the western Jurassic sandstone were performed to investigate rock mechanical properties affected by low temperature and confining pressure. The results show mechanical parameters such as peak strength, cohesion, internal friction angle, residual strength, and elasticity modulus increased with the decreasing temperature under stable pressure, and the above parameters increased with the increasing confining pressure at a certain temperature. In particular, the growth rate of the rock strength would decline when the temperature was below −10°C in this study. Strength attenuation coefficients increased with the decreasing temperature, which indicated higher brittleness, whereas plastic characters got more obvious with the increasing confining pressure at a stable temperature. Furthermore, during the first two freezing stages, porosity decreased sharply with obvious increase of pore (crack) ice content, while porosity varied little at the third stage, which was the reason for the growth rate of rock strength declining with continuous low temperature from microcosmic point of view.


Scalable video coding, which is an extension of H.264/AVC, provides efficient methods for merging 8-bits/pixel sequences and higher bits per pixel sequences into one scalable bitstream. In this work, two types of prediction approaches are supported. One is based on interlayer intraprediction, by which texture residuals between the base layer and the enhancement layer are removed. The interlayer intraprediction is restricted to the enhancement macroblock whose collocated macroblock is intracoded. In this prediction structure, a global look-up table, obtained from an arithmetic average or scale offset pairs of each macroblock, is chosen as an inverse tone-mapping process, depending on rate distortion (RD) performance. The other is based on interlayer motion prediction, where motion compensation is performed in the enhancement layer as well as in the base layer. But motion parameters in the enhancement layer are inferred from the corresponding blocks in the base layer, which minimizes the complexity increase. A coding gain of 0.14 dB or 1.2% reduction in bit rate is obtained for 10 bits/pixel test sequences, while a coding gain of 12 bits/pixel test sequences reaches up to 4.2 dB or 48% reduction in bit rate.


(+)-Marmelo Lactones A(VA) and B (VB) were synthesized from erythro-γ-methyl-l-glutamic acid (IA) and threo acid (IB), respectively. The absolute configurations of natural marmelo lactones were thus determined to be (2R, 4S) for (+)-marmelo lactone A and (2R, 4R) for ( – )-marmelo lactone B.


POST-AMBEDKAR DALIT MOVEMENT IN INDIA AND KANSHIRAM'S CONTRIBUTION Sanjay Gupta One of the leading spokespersons of the rights, dignity and justice of the vulnerable and marginalisedsections, Kanshiram was a man obsessed with a missionary zeal to change the course of the Indian politics. At a time when a general gloom had descended on the depressed communities in the aftermath of Ambedkar's demise and when the dalit leadership appeared leaderless and confused, virtually threatening the very existence of the depressed class movement in India, the emergence of Kanshiram on the Indian political horizon marks a watershed development in the annals of the Indian politics. Not a blind follower of Ambedkar, Kanshiram reinterpreted some of the major ideas of Ambedkar suiting the changed circumstances of his times. A passionate speaker, a voracious reader, although not a prolific writer, Kanshiram dedicated his life to the cause of the weaker and deprived sections, be it the Scheduled Caste, Scheduled Tribes, the backward classes or the minorities. While he was vehemently criticized, even denounced, by large sections of people, he was equally looked upon as a messiah by the other half of the teeming Indian millions inwhom they saw the hope of justice and freedom from subjugation, oppression and exploitation. Credited to have brought back Ambedkar to life, the present article makes an attempt to analyze the contributions of Kanshiram to the depressed communities and its impact on the democracy, and government and politics of India.


This article analyses direct investment patterns by Russian firms in the four Visegrad countries, their motivations and ownership advantages, based mostly on the eclectic paradigm. Beside statistical data, it relies on case studies to present the profile of the most important Russian investors in each host country. In the Visegrad countries, market, and to a lesser extent, resource-seeking investment by state-owned firms in the hydrocarbons, steel and nuclear energy industries dominate. Some innovative private Russian companies, with features similar to developed-country multinationals can also be identified. Extant investment theories, with the exception of the eclectic paradigm, fall short of explaining Russian investment.


The asymmetric unit consists of an isolated 4-(ammoniomethyl)benzoate zwitterion derived from 4-aminomethylbenzoic acid through the migration of the acidic proton, together with a solvate water that is disordered over three sites. In the crystal structure, N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds together with π–π stacking of the benzene rings result in a strongly linked, compact three-dimensional structure.


This study aims to determine: 1) the learning motivation of students in class X Catering Basic Catering Subjects at SMK Negeri 2 Depok; 2) the learning achievement of class X Culinary Administration in Basic Culinary Subjects at SMK Negeri 2 Depok; 3) the relationship between learning motivation and learning achievement of class X students in Basic Catering Subjects at SMK Negeri 2 Depok. This research is a correlation research using a quantitative approach. The population in this study were students of class X Catering Department at SMK Negeri 2 Depok. The sampling technique used was random sampling and the sample size in this study was determined using Isaac and Michael's Table, so the sample in this study was 84 students. Methods of data collection using questionnaires and tests. The instrument trial used validity and reliability tests. The data analysis technique used product moment correlation with the significance level of the analysis results determined at 5%. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded as follows: 1) the learning motivation of class X students in Basic Catering subjects at SMK Negeri 2 Depok in the sufficient category is 57 students (67.9%), good category is 27 students (32.1%), and (0.0%) in the poor category; 2) the learning achievement of class X students in Basic Catering subjects at SMK Negeri 2 Depok in the good category as many as 77 students (91.7%), sufficient category as many as 7 students (8.3%) and (0.0%) in the poor category , 3) there is a positive and significant relationship between learning motivation and learning achievement of class X Basic Catering Subjects at SMK Negeri 2 Depok, this is evidenced by the value of r arithmetic greater than r table (0.504> 0.213). Thus, there is a relationship between the learning motivation of class X students in the Basic Catering Subject at SMK Negeri 2 Depok.

Keywords: Learning Motivation, Learning Achievement


Review(s) of: Mary T Keaogan, Eleanor M Wallace and Paula O'Leary, Concise Clinical Immunology for Healthcare Professionals, Routledge Taylor and Francis Group, 426 pages, hardcover, 47 tables, 102 figures, ISBN: 0415298296, 80.


Provided is an element substrate and a manufacturing method thereof. The element substrate comprises a substrate and an imaging light shielding layer located on the substrate. The light shielding layer is provided with a plurality of pixel openings and a plurality of first exposure openings, and the area or/and shape of each first exposure opening and each pixel opening is different.


Heterogeneous visible light photon-Fenton catalyst,BiFeO3,was successfully prepared by sol-gel method.Its phase micro-morphology was characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscope(SEM) and UV-vis absorbance spectra separately.Performance of heterogeneous visible light photon-Fenton system for Rhodamine B degradation was investigated;it was found that Rhodamine B could be completely decomposed in 2.50 h visible light irradiation by BiFeO3-H2O2,which confirmed that BiFeO3 was an efficient visible light heterogeneous photo-Fenton catalyst.Four de-ethylation products were discovered by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS) method,the possible photodegradation pathway of Rhodamine B in visible light-BiFeO3-H2O2 system was gradual de-ethylation.


In the end exploration may be the only means of making an early diagnosis, and it should be undertaken without delay once the need for it has been accepted. The only indication may be an undiagnosed radiological opacity. At operation a distinct "lump" is usually found, and even if this is not a growth it is generally some lesion that requires surgical removal, such as tuberculoma, hydatid cyst, actinomycosis, torula or chronic abscess.


Background: The use of allogenic juvenile chondrocytes or autologous chondral fragments has shown promising laboratory results for the repair of chondral lesions. Hypothesis: Juvenile chondrocytes would not affect matrix production when mixed with adult chondrocytes or cartilage fragments. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Cartilage sources consisted of 3 adult and 3 juvenile (human) donors. In part 1, per each donor, juvenile chondrocytes were mixed with adult chondrocytes in 5 different proportions: 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, and 0%. Three-dimensional cultures in low-melt agarose were performed. At 6 weeks, biochemical and histologic analyses were performed. In part 2, isolated adult, isolated juvenile, and mixed 3-dimensional cultures (1:1) were performed with chondral fragments (<1 mm), both with low-melt agarose and a hyaluronic acid scaffold. At 2 and 6 weeks, cultures were evaluated with biochemical and histologic analyses. Results: Part 1: Biochemical and histologic analyses showed that isolated juvenile cultures performed significantly better than mixed and isolated adult cultures. No significant differences were noted between mixed cultures (1:1) and isolated adult cultures. Part 2: Biochemical and histologic results at 6 weeks showed that mixed cartilage fragment cultures performed better than isolated adult cultures in terms of proteoglycans/DNA ratio (P = .014), percentage of safranin O–positive cells (P = .012), Bern score (P = .001), and collagen type II. No statistically significant difference was noted between juvenile and mixed cultures. Conclusion: Extracellular matrix production of juvenile chondrocytes is inhibited by adult chondrocytes. The addition of juvenile cartilage fragments to adult fragments improves matrix production, with a positive interaction between the 2 sources. Clinical Relevance: Even if the underlying mechanisms are still unknown, this study describes the behavior of juvenile/adult cocultures using both chondrocytes and cartilage fragments, with potential for new research and clinical applications.


A Landau-like theory of phase transition and its time-dependent generalization are shown to be sufficient for describing the formation and kinetics of 180°, 90°, and vortex (toroidal) domains in ferroelectric thin films. The theory relies only on the choice of boundary conditions and does not require at the outset the presence of either anisotropy or strain fields. An ingredient in the calculational scheme is the incorporation of finite element methods in the kinetic equations for the ferroelectric order parameter.


al. Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004;291:1701–12. 36 Col NF, Kim JA, Chlebowski RT. Menopausal hormone therapy after breast cancer: a meta-analysis and critical appraisal of the evidence. Breast Cancer Research 2005;7:R535–40. 37 Holmberg L, Anderson H. HABITS steering and data monitoring committees. HABITS (hormonal replacement therapy after breast cancer: is it safe?), a randomised comparison: trial stopped. Lancet 2004;363:453–5. 38 Holmberg L, Iversen OE, Rudenstam CM, Hammar M, Kumpulainen E, Jaskiewicz J, et al. Increased risk of recurrence after hormone replacement therapy in breast cancer survivors. J Natl Cancer Inst 2008;100:475–82. 39 vonSchoultz E, Rutqvist LE; Stockholm Breast Cancer Study Group. Menopausal hormone therapy after breast cancer: the Stockholm randomized trial. J Natl Canc Inst 2005;97:533–5. 40 Fahl en M, Fornander T, Johansson H, Johansson U, Rutqvist LE, Wilking N, et al. Hormone replacement therapy after breast cancer: 10 year follow up of the Stockholm randomised trial. Eur J Cancer 2013;49:52–9. 41 Baumgart J, Nilsson K, Stavreus-Evers A, Kask K, Villman K, Lindman H, et al. Urogenital disorders in women with adjuvant endocrine therapy after early breast cancer. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011;204:26.e1–7. 42 Rosenberg LU, Magnusson C, Lindstr€ om E, Wedr en S, Hall P, Dickman PW. Menopausal hormone therapy and other breast cancer risk factors in relation to the risk of different histological subtypes of breast cancer: a case-control study. Breast Cancer Res 2006;8:R11. 43 Le Ray I. Dell'Aniello S, Bonnetain F, Azoulay L, Suissa S. Local estrogen therapy and risk of breast cancer recurrence among hormone-treated patients: a nested case-control study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012;135:603–9. 44 Dew JE, Wren BG, Eden JA. A cohort study of topical vaginal estrogen therapy in women previously treated for breast cancer. Climacteric 2003;6:45–52. 45 Vassilopoulou-Sellin R, Theriault R, Klein MJ. Estrogen replacement therapy in women with prior diagnosis and treatment for breast cancer. Gynecol Oncol 1997;65:89–93. 46 Biglia N, Maffei S, Lello S, Nappi RE. Tibolone in postmenopausal women: a review based on recent randomised controlled clinical trials. Gynecol Endocrinol 2010;26:804–14. 47 Koskela-Niska V, Pukkala E, Lyytinen H, Ylikorkala O, Dyba T. Effect of various forms of postmenopausal hormone therapy on the risk of ovarian cancer: a population-based case control study from Finland. Int J Cancer 2013;133:1680–8. 48 Kenemans P, Bundred NJ, Foidart JM, Kubista E, von Schoultz B, Sismondi P, et al. Safety and efficacy of tibolone in breast-cancer patients with vasomotor symptoms: a double-blind, randomised, non-inferiority trial. Lancet Oncol 2009;10:135–46. 49 Davis SR, Moreau M, Kroll R, Bouchard C, Panay N, Gass M, et al. Testosterone for low libido in postmenopausal women not taking estrogen. New Engl J Med 2008;359:2005–17. 50 Van Staa TP, Sprafka JM. Study of adverse outcomes in women using testosterone therapy. Maturitas 2009;62:76–80. 51 Jick SS, Hagberg KW, Kaye JA, Jick H. Postmenopausal estrogen-containing hormone therapy and the risk of breast cancer. Obstet Gynecol 2009;113:74–80. 52 Ness RB, Albano JD, McTiernan A, Cauley JA. Influence of estrogen plus testosterone supplementation on breast cancer. Arch Intern Med 2009;169:41–6. 53 Witherby S, Johnson J, Demers L, Mount S, Littenberg B, Maclean CD, et al. Topical testosterone for breast cancer patients with vaginal atrophy related to aromatase inhibitors: a phase I/II study. Oncologist 2011;16:424–31. 54 Myung SK, Ju W, Choi HJ. Kim SC; Korean Meta-Analysis (KORMA) Study Group. Soy intake and risk of endocrine-related gynaecological cancer: a meta-analysis. BJOG 2009;116:1697–705. 55 Quaas AM, Kono N, Mack WJ, Hodis HN, Felix JC, Paulson RJ, et al. Effect of isoflavone soy protein supplementation on endometrial thickness, hyperplasia, and endometrial cancer risk in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. Menopause 2013;20:840–4. 56 Trock BJ, Hilakivi-Clarke L, Clarke R. Meta-analysis of soy intake and breast cancer risk. J Natl Cancer Inst 2006;98:459–71. 57 Chen M, Rao Y, Zheng Y, Wei S, Li Y, Guo T, et al. Association between soy isoflavone intake and breast cancer risk for preand post-menopausal women: a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. PLoS ONE 2014;9(2): e89288. 58 Duffy C, Perez K, Partridge A. Implications of phytoestrogen intake for breast cancer. CA Cancer J Clin 2007;57:260–77. 59 Swann R, Perkins KA, Velentzis LS, Ciria C, Dutton SJ, Mulligan AA, et al. The DietCompLyf study: a prospective cohort study of breast cancer survival and phytoestrogen consumption. Maturitas 2013;75:232–40.


Chang, Hye-kyeong; Kim, Eun-ji; Kim, Young-ran; Kim, Hye-young; Chung, Jae-hoon.July, 2012.The future of families and future prospects for gender equality and family policy,Articles,SeoulKorea Women's Development Institute,15


In solar applications, collectors are usually installed with a tilt angel to obtain the maximum amount of radiation. In this paper, the anisotropic model -Hay model was used to calculate the daily total radiation on the tilt face and theoretical analysis was used to get the optimum tilt angel of southern collector face in winter months. Then the diffused radiation on horizontal face was obtained by using the isolation between daily total radiation and daily diffused radiation. Computer program was written to calculate the month radiation under different tilt angel and the maximum angel corresponding to the maximum month radiation was found. At last, the two results were compared and analyzed.


Avulsion fractures of the lesser trochanter are rare injuries; rarer still are those occurring in children. Often the mechanism is that of strenuous, dynamic movements, for example, jumping or sprinting.

A 19-month-old girl presented to the emergency department unable to weight bear on her right leg. She had jumped off a stool landing with …


Sonographic assessment of nuchal translucency (NT)thickness has been recognized as an effective means ofscreening for trisomy 21 and other chromosomal abnor-malities at 11–14 weeks of gestation. Up to 80% ofaneuploid fetuses have increased NT, but this featureis also found in 5% of karyotypically normal fetuses atthis stage of pregnancy (Snijders


Background:Hip fracture patients are in severe pain upon arrival at the emergency department. Pain treatment is traditionally based on systemic opioids. No study has examined the effect of fascia iliaca compartment blockade (FICB) in acute hip fracture pain management within a double-blind, randomized setup. Methods:Forty-eight patients with suspected hip fracture were included immediately after arrival in the emergency department, before x-ray confirmation of their fracture. Included patients were randomly assigned to two groups of 24. In the FICB group, the patients received an FICB with 1.0% mepivacaine and a placebo intramuscular injection of isotonic saline. In the morphine group, the patients received a placebo FICB with 0.9% saline and an intramuscular injection of 0.1 mg/kg morphine. Patients received intravenous rescue morphine when necessary. Results:Maximum pain relief was superior in the FICB group both at rest (P < 0.01) and on movement (P = 0.02). The median total morphine consumption was 0 mg (interquartile range, 0–0 mg) in the FICB group and 6 mg (interquartile range, 5–7 mg) in the morphine group (P < 0.01). More patients (P = 0.05) were sedated in the morphine group at 180 min after block placement as compared with the FICB group. Conclusion:Pain relief was superior at all times and at all measurements in the FICB group. The study supports the use of FICB in acute management of hip fracture pain because it is an effective, easily learned procedure that also may reduce opioid side effects in this fragile, elderly group of patients.


Memory is a critical function of the brain; we treasure many of our memories, and it is widely believed that our past experiences make us who we are. However, decades of psychological research has revealed that we are prone to having misinformation introduced into our memories, and a recent study has suggested that many people's 'first memories' are not actually real, but reconstructions based upon family stories and old photographs. So, how are memories stored in the brain, and how can it be that what we remember is not necessarily what actually happened?


Abstract : Over the past few years there has been much talk and a fair amount of writing about an apparent clash of cultures within the Army. The cultures in question being the "warrior" culture and the "kinder, gentler" culture. So much has been made of the purported issue that General Shinseki commissioned the subject as one of the research projects at the Army War College. This strategy research paper examines this subject and makes the case that by putting an increased emphasis on marksmanship skill Army wide the issue will become moot. The point being that the enemy is just as dead no matter the gender nor temperament of the soldier who squeezed the trigger.


The design of a control system for the synchronization of Inferior Olive Neurons (IONs) and hardwaresoftware cosimulation of the closed-loop system are presented in this paper. Each ION is described by a set of four nonlinear differential equations. These IONs exhibit limit cycle oscillations (LCO), but are not necessarily in phase. The objective is to control one of the IONs so that both oscillate in unison (with zero relative phase). A simple linear feedback control law for the synchronization of the IONs using an output variable is developed. In the closed-loop system, asymptotic convergence of the state vectors of the IONs is accomplished. Then the hardware-software cosimulation of the complete closed-loop system is considered. Hardware synthesis and HW-SW cosimulation tests are performed to examine the performance of the controller. The oscillatory properties of the Inferior Olive Neurons (IONs) can be used to provide timing signals for motors to mimic vertebrae like movements. These vertebrae like movements can be used in bio-inspired underwater and unmanned vehicles with oscillating fins.


Spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) contain a large number of valuable metals and will be an important strategic resource in the future. Therefore, recycling is extremely important. In this work, acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide were used as leaching agents to recover valuable metals (lithium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, and aluminum) from cathode and anode materials (LiCoO2, LiAl0.2Co0.8O2, and C) of spent LIBs. The leaching solution and leaching residue were analyzed by inductive plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The optimum experimental conditions were obtained by changing the concentration of acetic acid, solid–liquid ratio, reaction temperature, time, and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide reducing agent. Under the experimental conditions of 2 M acetic acid, 4.0 vol.% H2O2, 20 g/L, and 70 °C for 40 min, the leaching rates of lithium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, and aluminum reached 98.56%, 94.61%, 96.39%, 97.97%, and 94.7%, respectively. This hydrometallurgical process is simple and environmentally friendly and maximizes the recovery of valuable metals from spent LIBs.


Heap management is responsible for the allocation of heap segments to a running application. When the logic of the heap management is left to the application programmer, as it is the case with programming languages like C and C++, a number of problems may arise. One kind of problems related to imperfect heap management is that of memory leaks, which happen when heap segments become inaccessible before they are deallocated. Closely related to that problem, from the standpoint of programmer's operations, is the problem of corrupted heap due to redundant attempts to deallocate the same heap segment that has been previously allocated. This work presents a method for detecting such flaws in heap management. Our method is based on traces collected during the execution of an application and their off-line analysis in order to determine the presence of memory leaks and redundant deallocations of the same heap segment. When our method is applied to component-based embedded software, it allows to locate the component that had allocated heap memory and did not deallocate it before exiting, as well as the components that are responsible for the redundant deallocation of heap segments.


A number of leading journalists recently held an unprecedented meeting in Düsseldorf to discuss the future of their profession in a once common homeland, now divided by war


APPLIED PHYSICS
The discrete energy levels of quantum dots, or nanocrystals, provide a potential advantage for their use in laser sources requiring thermal stability and low threshold. Moreover, as the energy spacing is dependent on the size of the nanocrystal, the emitted wavelength can be tuned by


Currently, there are only three sources of human pluripotent stem cells, two of which are ethically controversial sources because they are derived from human fetuses and embryos. However, the third source, embryonal carcinoma (EC), is a pluripotent stem cell derived from human germ cell tumors. All human pluripotent cells share common stem cell‐defining markers including the TRA‐1‐60 and TRA‐1‐81 antigens, which disappear from the stem cell surface upon differentiation. We have previously shown that the cell adhesion protein, podocalyxin, is the molecular carrier of the TRA‐1‐60/TRA‐1‐81 antigens on EC. In this study, we have used an EC differentiation model to study the fate of podocalyxin and its TRA‐1‐60/TRA‐1‐81 epitopes during EC differentiation. Western blots were performed on cell protein lysates and purified podocalyxin from undifferentiated EC and retinoic acid‐induced differentiated EC cells using TRA‐1‐60, TRA‐1‐81 and podocalyxin specific monoclonal antibodies. Podocalyxin is expressed as a 200 kDa protein in EC and is specific for the TRA‐1‐60 and TRA‐1‐81 antibodies. Podocalyxin expression in differentiated EC is modified; Podocalyxin is detected as a smaller protein and no longer reacts with the TRA‐1‐60/TRA‐1‐81 antibodies. These results provide the first step in determining the biochemical mechanisms of the loss of the TRA‐1‐60/TRA‐1‐81 markers during stem cell differentiation.


This paper examines the topic of agency disclosure based on the results of the National Association of Realtors® 2004 Home Buying and Selling Survey. Currently, the practice of agency disclosure is required by statute in 49 out of 50 states. However, the findings of this study indicate that there are some problems with the effectiveness of current practices. In particular, the level of reported agency disclosure is found to vary substantially from one state to the next. In addition, certain cohorts within the home buying population such as first-time home buyers, Asians, Hispanics, and elderly buyers report disclosure at significantly lower rates than the rest of the population. Possible explanations for these findings are provided.


This article points out the features and the effects of the continu ous process of re-definition among the parliamentary groups during the XII legislature in Italy. It is an interesting case of failure of conso lidation for a new party system, because, after the election of 1994, the expected stabilization of the three electoral poles created at that time did not happen. Yet, at the level of the parliamentary groups, a permanent transition began, characterized by a number of splits from important parties (Lega Nord, Popular Party, New Communist Party) and even by a number of individual changes. The author, after a de tailed description of such a complicated and unusual process, suggests some hipotheses about the explanatory factors of this phenomenon, indicating the possible consequences in terms of further changes of the party system and delays in the consolidation of a new political class.


Report issued by the U.S. Bureau of Mines on the pegmatite deposits found near Tinton, South Dakota. The properties, and geology of the deposits are presented. This report includes tables, and maps.


Timing acquisition is critical to enabling the potential of ultra-wideband impulse radios in high-speed, short-range indoor wireless networking. To this end, optimum data-aided timing offset estimators are derived in this paper based on the maximum likelihood (ML) criterion. A generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) is employed to detect an ultra-wideband waveform propagating through dense multipath, as well as to estimate the associated timing and channel parameters in closed form. In a data-aided mode, the GLRT boils down to amplitude estimation, where the impact of time hopping (TH) is captured by channel-dependent amplitudes of frame-rate correlator output samples and estimated via conditional ML formulation. The desired timing information can then be recovered from the amplitude fluctuation pattern in the presence of TH. The proposed algorithms only employ digital samples collected at a low frame rate, thus reducing considerably the implementation complexity and acquisition time.


AbstractThis chapter analyzes the factors that will have significant impact on the adoption mechanism of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) by various industries. This adoption process also will depend partially on the technological advances and innovation in the industry. This chapter, however, focuses on the economic, business, and political factors involved in the adoption process. While this chapter is dedicated to the RFID adoption process, the models and conclusions may also be applicable to other upcoming technologies.As the name suggests, RFID involves the use of radio frequency signals to provide an automatic identification of items. Being a flexible technology that is convenient and easy to use, it combines advantages not offered by the existing identification technologies. The opportunities for improving various business processes through RFID are enormous. However, its adoption is governed by many factors in addition to the traditional cost-benefit analyses. The competitive landscape, synergies with suppliers and partners, and government regulations are at the top of a long check list of factors that businesses will consider during the decision process. The significant initial capital expenditure required calls for compelling cases to be made both internally and externally.This chapter analyzes the mechanism and drivers involved in the adoption of RFID technology. The chapter begins with an overview of the current state of RFID adoption across several industries and discusses the business and technological advantages of RFID. Next, it characterizes the adoption process with three conceptual models. The first model is the Technology Adoption Matrix Model, which analyzes adoption mechanisms at the industry level based on pre-identified linkage between the industry structure and implementation drivers. Following this, the Layered Model delves deeper into value propositions by examining various implementation scenarios both horizontally and vertically in the supply chain. This model offers key insights into the business ecosystem of the implementation target. Finally, the Decision Process Model lays out a detailed road map of the typical decision-making process regarding the RFID adoption.In addition, this chapter merges all the three models into one composite model and thus presents a framework for understanding the entire adoption process. This framework can be used by economists, managers, and end consumers to understand adoption scenarios and the associated decision process. To demonstrate the framework's application methodology, an adoption analysis for the retail and airline industries is presented. Finally, this chapter concludes with the authors' assessment of the future of RFID adoption.It was concluded that RFID will be adopted widely by many industries. It is predicted that impediments to adoption such as technical and standardization issues will be solved in future. However, the environmental and privacy issues could hamper the technology's growth to a certain extent. Ultimately, success stories in the industry will be dependent on the management's capability to effectively utilize the data and information generated from the RFID implementation.


Objective To investigate the vascular endothelial response to short-term hypoxia. Methods Cultured vascular endothelial cell line (EA.hy926) was exposed to hypoxia for 0,1,3,6 and 12 h.The cell viability was detected by Alamar Blue staining,cell cycle by flow cytometry,apoptosis by Annexin V-fluorescein/PI) double labeling method,hypoxia inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α) and prolifera- ting cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression by Western blotting respectively under normoxia or hypoxia conditions.Results The vascular endothelial viability was enhanced,and the cell cycle analysis showed that the rate of tetraploid peak was obviously increased when cells were exposed to hypoxia for 1 to 3 h,but the rate of tetraploid peak returned to normal after 6 to 12 h of hypexia.The apoptosis rate of cells was markedly increased after short-term hypoxia (3 h).The expression of HIF-1αand PCNA was increased in a hypoxia time-dependent manner.Conclusion Short-term hypoxia initiates adaptive response of vascular endothelial cells,which characterized with increased cell proliferation and viability;Meanwhile it also in- duces cellular impaired response which characterized with apoptosis.


Summary. With the aim of explaining some of the controversy on the value of computer‐assisted methods of semen analysis, a study was conducted comparing the fully automated cell motion analyzer (CMA), the semi‐computerized autosperm system (AS) and the conventional manual method. The CMA equipment gave higher values for sperm concentration than the mean of the three methods. Sperm concentration estimated with the conventional method was below the average of the three methods. The conventional method overestimated sperm motility, which was underestimated by CMA.


We studied the interaction of tetracyano-p-quinodimethane (TCNQ) with single-wall carbon nanohorns (SWNHs), single graphene-tubes with large diameters (2−5 nm), and noticed two interesting phenomena. One is that adsorbed quantities on the inside (0.08 g/g) and outside (0.13 g/g) of SWNH corresponded to about 20% and 60% of respective monolayer coverage, which did not increase even when the TCNQ was overdosed. The second is that Raman spectra suggested that the quinoid rings of TCNQ developed benzene-like character. The electron microscopy with electronic state analysis indicated that the charge transfers from SWNH to TCNQ. The theoretical calculations suggested that TCNQ was bended on the curved graphene of SWNHs, which mostly explained the unique characteristics of TCNQ adsorbed on SWNHs.


—The use of virtual reality (VR) for occupational training of psychomotor skills has been investigated for decades. Previous literature show that training in VR increases engagement, expedites learning, enhance safety, and improves skills in reality. Grounding on these progress, industry has begun to adopt VR to train their workers. However, we observe a disconnect between learning sciences and the current practice in VR training. Numerous literature across domains rely on self-assessment of the learners to predict whether they have reached a sufficient level, or mastery, of skill. However, it is well-established that self-assessment is inaccurate. Yet, there is no alternative for self-assessment to predict mastery of psychomotor skills. We propose to use bayesian knowledge tracing (BKT), a de facto standard in education to predict students' mastery of cognitive skills, for psychomotor skill mastery prediction. Using BKT, we design an intelligent occupational training system in VR. We conduct a between subjects study with 18 participants, with the control group relying on self-assessment to adjust curriculum and progression speed, while BKT is used instead for the experimental condition. Our results demonstrate the negative impact of self-assessment on psychomotor skill learning in VR, and shows the benefits of BKT as an alternative to self-assessment.


This paper, examines the correlation between two social variables, gender and class, with the Arabic trilled /r/. Upper class females use the approximant variant [i] for medial geminate [r]'s. They also vary between the approximant [i] and the tap [r] for final geminate and singleton [r]'s. Males and females from other social classes use the trill [r] instead. [r] appears in the speech of all male and female classes in initial and medial singletons. The social prestige norms better explain why women change [r] into [c] or [] and how this change reflects their 'feminine characteristics' as part of their social class ambitions.


Background: Activation of T-cells plays an important role in the pathophysiology of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). We have previously shown that plaques from ACS patients are characterized by a selective oligoclonal expansion of T-cells, indicating a specific, antigen-mediated recruitment of T-cells within the unstable lesions. We have also previously reported that activated T-cells in vitro express functional Tissue Factor (TF) on their surface. At the moment, however it is not known whether expression of TF by T-cells may contribute to thrombus formation in vivo.

Methods: Blood was collected from the aorta and the coronary sinus of 13 NSTEMI and 10 stable CAD patients. CD3+ cells were selectively isolated and TF gene expression (real time PCR)and protein levels (western blot) were evaluated. In additional 7 STEMI patients, thrombotic formation material was obtained from the occluded coronary artery by catheter aspiration during primary PCI. TF expression in CD3+ cells was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy.

Results: Transcardiac TF expression in CD3+ cells was significantly higher in NSTEMI patients as compared to CD3+ cells obtained from stable CAD patients. Interestingly, thrombi aspirated from STEMI patients resulted enriched in CD3+cells, which expressed TF on their surface as shown in the figure.

Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that in patients with ACS, T-lymphocytes may express surface TF, thus contributing to the process of thrombus formation. This finding may shed new light into the pathophysiologyof ACS.

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The foundation boundaries of numerical simulation models of hydraulic structures dominated by a vertical load are investigated. The method used is based on the stress formula for fundamental solutions to semi-infinite space body elastic mechanics under a vertical concentrated force. The limit method is introduced into the original formula, which is then partitioned and analyzed according to the direction of the depth extension of the foundation. The point load will be changed to a linear load with a length of . Inverse proportion function assumptions are proposed at parameter and depth of the calculation points to solve the singularity questions of elastic stress in a semi-infinite space near the ground. Compared with the original formula, changing the point load to a linear load with a length of is more reasonable. Finally, the boundary depth criterion of a hydraulic numerical simulation model is derived and applied to determine the depth boundary formula for gravity dam numerical simulations.


Objective: Insights into the causes of variances in physical performance are important to prevent mobility limitations in old age. We examined associations between intelligence in early adulthood and midlife physical performance. Method: Data from the Copenhagen Aging and Midlife Biobank were analyzed using linear regression. In total, 2,848 male cohort members had intelligence scores from conscription and physical performance measures from midlife. Results: In adjusted models, a 1 SD increase in intelligence resulted in 1.10 more chair-rises (p < .001), a 1.03 cm higher jump (p < .001), a 3.69% smaller balance area (p < .001), a 0.71 kg increase in handgrip strength (p < .001), and a 5.03 N increase in back force (p < .001). Results for flexibility and abdominal force were not significant. Discussion: Public health interventions should focus on addressing people with different cognitive abilities and bear in mind that prevention of mobility limitations might need to start early in life.


Muscle size and its discemibleness are the key criteria for judges in bodybuilding competition.In off-season muscle-increasing period,bedybuilders try their best to increase muscle size and weight.While in pre-contest fat-reducing stage,bodybuilders try hard to reduce body fat to retain lean weight.The paper elaborates on the energy intake,the intake and ratio of protein,carbohydrate and fat in off-season and pre- season periods,as well as the nutrients needed before and after the training and one week prior to contest.