The Sand Wash basin of northwestern Colorado and south-central Wyoming yields natural gas from rocks of Tertiary and Cretaceous ages. The first discovery of gas was from the Tertiary in 1927, but because of market conditions, development has been slow. In recent years an active exploration program has resulted in markedly increased reserves which, as of 1965, exceeded 550 billion cu ft of high-methane gas. The accumulation of hydrocarbons in the basin is controlled chiefly by structural closure, but only parts of the total Tertiary and Cretaceous stratigraphic column yield gas. A detailed knowledge of the distribution of selected reservoir rocks in relation to the structural configuration will be important in the discovery of new reserves within the basin.


The Melt Attack and Coolability Experiments (MACE) program at Argonne National Laboratory addressed the issue of the ability of water to cool and thermally stabilize a molten core/concrete interaction (MCCI) when the reactants are flooded from above. These tests provided data regarding the nature of corium interactions with concrete, the heat transfer rates from the melt to the overlying water pool, and the role of noncondensable gases in the mixing processes that contribute to melt quenching. However, due to the integral nature of these tests, several questions regarding the crust freezing behavior could not be adequately resolved. These questions include: (1) To what extent does water ingression into the crust increase the melt quench rate above the conduction-limited rate and how is this affected by melt composition and system pressure and (2) What is the fracture strength of the corium crust when subjected to a thermal-mechanical load and how does it depend upon the melt composition? A series of separate-effects experiments are planned to address these issues. The first employs an apparatus designed to measure the quench rate of a pool of corium ({approx}{phi}30 cm; up to 20 cm deep). The main parameter to be varied in these quench testsmore » is the melt composition since it is thought to have a critical influence on the crust cracking behavior which, in turn, alters quench rate. A description of the test apparatus, instrumentation, data reduction, and test matrix are the subject of the first portion of this report. The issue of crust strength will be addressed with a second apparatus designed to mechanically load the crust produced by the quench tests. This apparatus will measure the fracture strength of the crust while under a thermal load created by a heating element beneath the crust. The introduction of a thermal gradient across the crust is thought to be important for these tests because of uncertainty in the magnitude of the thermal stresses and thus their relative importance in the crust fracture mechanism at plant scale. The second half of this report describes the apparatus for measuring crust strength. The two apparatuses used to measure the melt quench rate and crust strength are jointly referred to as SSWICS (Small-Scale Water Ingression and Crust Strength).« less


The purpose of this study was to get preeminent data from comparative analysis of multi-family housing building types between Korea and China nowadays. Even though Korea and China belong to common cultured band in Asia, there were many different Housing aspects and building types because of difference of lifestyle and the building law. Through this study we wanted to grasp the characteristics of both nation's apartment building types and to contribute for advance into the China apartment market. Analysis target was constructing and lotting out apartment at South Korea and China, from 2004 to 2005. First, they were analyzed the number of each building types, compared the proportion of each one. next, it was divided into some kinds of interior circulation system. Also, they were compared with each nation's number of plan and plan types. Through these analysis we knew that next differences of South Korean and Chinese apartment. 1)There were many number of slab block type in Korean apartment. But in China, mixed block type apartment came out frequently. 2)Chinese apartment had more number of unit plan that was combined in one core than Korean. 3)Chines apartment Unit plan type was came out more various than Korean. 4)The shape of Chinese apartment building block was long by horizontally than vertically and has many prominence and depression.


The present study describes a systematic noise monitoring inside the working zone of the chromite mining complex for the Heavy duty, Medium duty and Light duty vehicles in summer 2008 and winter 2009. The present study aims at estimating the noise levels of different heavy earth moving machineries (HEMMs) and tests the significant difference among them. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) reveals that the equivalent noise level differs with respect to time of monitoring and the types of HEMMs at 1% level of significance. The Post hoc analysis of multiple comparisons of means shows that Leq level is the most influential during the 1st part of the time of monitoring for the Pay Loader (H1). In case of the dozer (M3), Leq is the most significant during the 3rd part of the time of monitoring. Similarly, Leq level of the Drilling Machine (L2) is found to be the most influential during the 1st part of the time of monitoring. The equivalent noise levels of Pay Loader (H1) and the Dozer (M3) exceed the prescribed limits during the period of monitoring.


A new analytic approach to investigate the zero-temperature time evolution of the JaynesCummings system with cavity losses is developed. With the realistic coupling between the cavity and the environment assumed, a simple master equation is derived, leading to the explicit analytic solution for the resonant case. This solution is suitable for the analyses not only on the single excitation states but also on many excitation states, which enables us to investigate the photon coherent state and to observe sharp collapses and revivals under dissipation. For the off-resonant case, on the other hand, the present study presents an analytic, systematic method instead. We examine the small and large detuning limits and discuss the condition where the widely-used phenomenological treatment is justified. Explicit evaluations of the time evolutions for various initial states with finite detuning are also presented.


Rose Marie Cutting. Anais Nin: A Reference Guide. Boston: G. K. Hall, [1978]. 218 + xxvi pp. Benjamin Franklin V and Duane Schneider. Anais Nin: An Introduction. Athens: Ohio University Press, 1979.309 pp. Bettina L. Knapp. Anais Nin. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., Inc., 1978. 168 + viii pp. Sharon Spencer. Collage of Dreams: The Writings of Anais Nin. Expanded Edition. New York : Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1981. 213 + ix pp. "Why should we too not enjoy an original relationship to the universe," asked Ralph Waldo Emerson, articulating that desire to be first, that self- reliance, which is perhaps the definitive characteristic of the American psyche. Anais Nin too was a champion of the self and the avant garde, and that she should have achieved fame in America is therefore not ultimately surprising. What Nin also came to understand, however, is the extent to which a rebellious commitment to the new is symptomatic of the adolescent mentality : "At twenty we all created our own manifestos. We wer...


In Apis , biodiversity studies at genetic and molecular level were done to identify the proteins responsible for polymorphism in different species of Apis viz . Apis florea F ., Apis dorsata F ., Apis cerana F . and Apis mellifera L. from north-west region of India using SDS-Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Some species specific protein bands were obtained by SDS-PAGE technique followed by Commassie BB staining and silver staining. The present results revealed that the total content of proteins was highest in A. dorsata with highest number of protein bands unique to species followed by A. mellifera, A. florea and A. cerana. Most prominent were at 38.7 kDa and 35.3 kDa in A. dorsata ; 46.4 kDa and 29.0 kDa in A. florea ; 83.9 kDa and 40.4 kDa in A. mellifera and 61.0 kDa and 27.9 kDa in A. cerana respectively. Some species specific protein bands with silver staining were as 33.6 and 59.2 kDa in Apis florea ; 57.2 kDa in A. dorsata ; 49.6 and 63.6 kDa in A. mellifera and 36.1 and 38.8 kDa in A. cerana. Based on identification of these unique bands, it is concluded that the species with wide geographic distribution have large number of protein bands as compared to species with least distribution area.


Therapeutic touch, first described by Krieger in 1975 as an act of healing or helping that is akin to the ancient practice of laying-on hands, is proving to be a useful adjunct to orthodox nursing practices. It is being taught as an intrinsic part of the master's curriculum in nursing at New York University, is the subject of continuing education courses and workshops at universities throughout the United States, and has been a part of inservice programs for nurses at several hospitals in the country. Basic to therapeutic touch is the concept that the human body has an excess of energy. The person who administers therapeutic touch engages in an effort to direct his own excess energies for the use of the ill person, who can be thought of as being in less than an optimal energy state(1). This transfer of energy is intentional and is motivated by an interest in the needs of the patient. The state of consciousness in which this is done can best be described as


The effects of wearing a Virtual Reality headset is something that had not been fully investigated due to how new the consumer devices are. Using an Oculus Rift DK2, an accelerometer and adapting past studies by Geri (2002) and LoPresti (2003), a purpose made application was created that studied the effect of a Virtual Reality headset on head movement. While it was found that Virtual Reality headsets do not affect head movement, the process of creating the test application uncovered a potential issue with the Unity game engine where data spikes occur at regular intervals when a stream-reader is used to parse string output from a Python process. As the application provided a base on which to further investigate the effect of Virtual Reality headsets on head movement, the application was made freely available for others to replicate or adapt for use in further research regarding this area.
Because there had been no studies that explored viewer preference within Virtual Reality, the second study investigated which camera view was preferred when spectating a Virtual Reality game in Virtual Reality. Using the HTC Vive and several camera angles, it was found that having a first person view of the gameplay is least preferred by spectators whereas having free roam around the game level is the most preferred view. Furthermore, a panning transition between cameras is preferred over an instant switch. Additionally, the level of presence felt in each view, determined by the Spatial Presence Experience Scale (Hartmann et al, 2015) had no effect on spectators preferred view. Although, results suggested a larger study may uncover a significant link. This study also led to the created application being made available for anybody who wished to continue research in this area as it provides a platform to implement and test other Virtual Reality spectator views.


Fair value is one of the hot issues in the largest current academic discussion undoubtedly. This paper analyzed firstly of the application course of fair value in CAS,summarized systematically the specific application of fair value in the new 2006 Accounting Standards,discussed secondly the problems faced in the application form market condition,present value technique,asset evaluation,accounting quality and supervision internal and external,and proposed some solutions to the problems finally.


Analysis of existing kettle and its heating system has been the topic for localization technology development. Test pieces are made, polished and etched for existing kettle analysis. Surface of test pieces is observed using SEM, the kettle is verified to be made by deep drawing process from Ferrite-Perlite material. The kettle is also identified to be plated of thickness with Nickel(16%). Also heat transfer characteristics based on hot wire arrangement is investigated and optimal hot wire system is developed. Developed control system detects overheating and stops the whole system on the long operating time. Developed kettle takes the performance evaluation test for volume expansion and satisfied for standard 'KS G3602'.


This article states symbols have general and national special features in French, Uzbek and Russian phraseology and numbers "one" and "two" can occur as measurative lexical and phraseological units of in these languages. Numbers in phraseological units of these compared languages can be used in both literal and figurative meaning. For instance, they can be used in literal meaning to express length, weight, housewares and etc. or they can have figurative meaning in some cases. Symbolic meanings of numbers are not the same in French, Uzbek and Russian culture. Understanding its evolution and changing attitudes towards it can be expressed with historical events happened with a human being. Examples of interactions with everyday life, human life and days include the fact that measurative lexical and phraseological units used in French, Uzbek and Russian are related to the linguistic landscape of the world, measuratives used in phraseological units with exactly the same meaning have been identified in all three languages.


There is intense controversy in the USA concerning the definition of green jobs. We review the definitions being used, note their shortcomings, and summarize criteria for green jobs being utilized by advocates and politicians – including President Biden. We find that green jobs advocates can be their own worst enemies. They have significantly tightened the criteria for characterizing green jobs and have greatly reduced the number of jobs that can thus be defined as "green." We find the overwhelming majority of green jobs do not adhere to these criteria and that that very strict criteria greatly reduce green jobs estimates. We conclude that utilization of these criteria will very seriously underestimate the size, importance, and rates of growth of the USA green economy and green jobs. This will hinder efforts to address pressing environmental and energy issues, to increase green jobs, and to implement the Democrats' Green New Deal.


Real-time communication (RTC) platforms have seen a considerable surge in popularity in recent years, largely due to the COVID-19 pandemic which facilitated remote work. To ensure adequate Quality of Experience (QoE) for users, a good congestion control algorithm is needed. RTC applications use UDP, so congestion control is done on the application layer, leaving way for advanced algorithms. In this paper, we propose ReCoCo, a solution for congestion control in RTC applications based on Reinforcement learning (RL). ReCoCo gains information about the network conditions at the receiver-side, such as receiving rate, one-way delay and loss ratio and predicts the available bandwidth in the next time bin. We train ReCoCo on 9 bandwidth trace files that cover a vast array of network types. We try different algorithms, states and parameters, training both specific and general models. We find that ReCoCo outperforms the de-facto standard heuristic algorithm GCC in both specialized and general models. We also make observations on the difficulty of generalization when using RL.


The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of intraspinal microstimulation (ISMS), triggered by action potentials (spikes) recorded in motor cortex, to alter synaptic efficacy in descending motor pathways in an anesthetized rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI). Experiments were carried out in adult, male, Sprague Dawley rats with a moderate contusion injury at T8. For activity-dependent stimulation (ADS) sessions, a recording microelectrode was used to detect neuronal spikes in motor cortex that triggered ISMS in the spinal cord grey matter. SCI rats were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups differing by: a) cortical spike-ISMS stimulus delay (10 or 25 ms) and b) number of ISMS pulses (1 or 3). Four weeks after SCI, ADS sessions were conducted in three consecutive 1-hour conditioning bouts for a total of 3 hours. At the end of each conditioning bout, changes in synaptic efficacy were assessed using intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) to examine the number of spikes evoked in spinal cord neurons during 5-minute test bouts. A multichannel microelectrode recording array was used to record cortically-evoked spike activity from multiple layers of the spinal cord. The results showed that ADS resulted in an increase in cortically-evoked spikes in spinal cord neurons at specific combinations of spike-ISMS delays and numbers of pulses. Efficacy in descending motor pathways was increased throughout all dorsoventral depths of the hindlimb spinal cord. These results show that after an SCI, ADS can increase synaptic efficacy in spared pathways between motor cortex and spinal cord. This study provides further support for ADS as an effective therapeutic approach for enhancing descending motor control after SCI.


The Kyushuha is known as an avant-garde group active in Japan around 1960. Until now, research in early works of Kyushuha has suggested that certain characteristic societal themes are recognized, but how the artists developed these themes remains unclear. Analysis of works from the Kyushuha's active early period confirms that certain artists were handling societal themes at that time. Those themes were contemporary societal or local issues, especially those concerning coal miners in Kyushu. These thematic characteristics can also be glimpsed particularly in their involvement with poetry journals in Fukuoka, and themagazine Circle MURA. Thus, it is clear that the societal themes seen in the early work of the Kyushuha have some relationship to certain poetry journals in Fukuokaand Circle MURA, which showed similar interest in local issues. Considering the above, I would like to propose the following hypothesis. Instead of considering the Kyushuha's consciousness of societal problems as an isolated phenomenon that developed within the group, it is possible to think of it as a collective consciousness born from a movement that combined the Kyushuha, poetry journals, and Circle MURA. The purpose of this paper is to propose research into the Kyushuha from this perspective.


The paper examines the influence of trade unions on workers' co-operatives in Italy both at a political level, and inside the co-operatives. Over the last ten years the unions have stimulated the conversion to co-operatives of many failed capitalist firms as a method of saving jobs. Rescue ventures are the main growth area among manufacturing co-operatives. They have created new problems for the co-operative movement but clear working relations have developed which divide conversion tasks according to the expertise of the unions and co-operative movement. Inside the Lega co-operatives the unions have failed to adapt their roles as worker representatives to suit the changing character of co-operatives.


Presented are abstracts and abstractors' analyses of four studies dealing with cogniti, development, four studies dealing with attitudes, and two studies dealing with problem-solving. The cognitive development studies are: "College Chemistry and Piaget: The Relationship of Aptitude and Achievement Measures" (David Bender and Louis Milakofsky); "Inducing Cognitive Growth in Concrete-Operational Students" (William Thomas and Douglas Grouws); "Effect of Using Analogies on Chemistry Achievement according to Piagetian Level" (Dorothy Gabel and Robert Sherwood); and "The Influence of Content Organization on Students' Cognitive Structure in Thermodynamics" (Marco Moreira and Carlos Santos). The attitude studies are: "Saudi Arabian Students' Chemistry Achievement and Science Attitudes Stemming from Lecture-Demonstration and Small Group Teaching Methods" (H. Harty and N. Al-Faleh); "Relationship between Perceived Levels of Classroom Individualization and Science-Related Attitudes" (Barry Fraser and William Butts); "A Survey of Interest in Science for Participants in a Junior Science and Humanities Symposium" (Jill Wright and Paul Hounshell); and "Do New Science Courses Improve Attitudes toward Science? A Study in Lesotho" (P. Towse), including the author's response to this critique. The problem-solving studies are "Problem-Solving Strategies of Sixth-Grade Students Who are Superior Problem Solvers" (Alan Mandell) and "Proportional Reasoning and Rule-Governed Behavior with the Balance Beam" (D. Maloney). (JN) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** INVESTIGATIONS IN SCDINCE EDUCATION Patricia E. Blosser The Ohio State University


Compared to normal learning algorithms, for example backpropagation, Kalman filter-based algorithm has some better properties, such as faster convergence. In this paper, Kalman filter is modified with a risk-sensitive cost criterion, we call it as risk-sensitive Kalman filter. This new algorithm is applied to train recurrent neural networks for nonlinear system identification. Input-to-state stability is used to prove that the risk-sensitive Kalman filter training is stable. The contributions of this paper are: 1) the risk-sensitive Kalman filter is used for the state-space recurrent neural networks training, 2) the stability of the risk-sensitive Kalman filter is proved.


Jurnal Pendidikan . Jilid 28, 2009. Fakulti Pendidikan UM The main purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between gender and brain hemispherisity with creative thinking ability of the lower sixth students.  Creative thinking ability was measured by the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT), while brain hemisphericity was measured by the Styles of Learning and Thinking test (SOLAT).  The research instruments were administered to a sample of 216 students which were randomly selected from a population of 2491 lower sixth students in Selangor. By controlling three covariates, i.e. ethnicity, academic major and critical thinking ability using the MANCOVA test, results of the analysis indicated that gender was significantly correlated with creative thinking ability, while right brain thinking and learning style was positively and significantly correlated with all of the five components of creative thinking ability, i.e. originality, fluency, elaboration, abstractness of title and resistance of premature closure. Besides that, the result of the analysis of the Cramer V test indicated that gender was significantly correlated with brain hemisphericity.  The results implied that educators should implement creative teaching and learning strategies, instead of emphasizing on the left hemisphericity skills.  Since competence in creative thinking and critical thinking skills are essential to nearly every aspect of learning in school, educators should implement whole brain learning strategies, instead of encouraging merely the left, or the right brain learning strategies.


The development objective of the National Electrification Project for Myanmar is to help increase access to electricity in Myanmar. Negative impacts include: loss of land, loss of trees and crops, loss of asset, loss of structures, loss of income, and loss of livelihood. Mitigation measures include: cash compensation at replacement cost which is equivalent to the current market value of land within the village, of similar type, category and productive capacity, free from transaction costs (taxes, administration fees); rehabilitation assistance to achieve the policy objective to improve or restore their livelihoods and standards of living in real terms, to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher. Assistance may involve access to electricity, training, and opportunities for employment during construction, and technical support to improve livelihoods; and cash compensation for loss of income or assets on a net basis; and Reinstitute land to the original state after the completion of civil works.


The initial learning responses of 2 groups of cattle to an electric fence were recorded manually. During the first 20 minutes about half the animals received shocks. After this only about 10% of each group tested the fence, but these animals did so regularly in clear expectation of receiving a shock. This behaviour is presented on a film. To permit continuous observation along an electric fence for long periods, an automatic photographic system has been developed having several novel features. This system is described, and examples of the filmed animal behaviour at the fence are presented. Experiments using the equipment have confirmed that almost all cattle with no prior experience of electric fences can be trained to respect them in a few hours, and thereafter can be retained by very lightly constructed fences for around 25% of conventional fence costs.


Objective To study the biological effects of sinusoidal electromagnetic fields ( EMFs) on proliferation and differentiation of precartilaginous stem cells (PSCs) in rats in vitro. Methods The rodent PSCs were isolated and cultured in vitro. The fourth passage PSCs were randomly divided into an experiment group and a control group, and stimulated with sinusoidal EMFs under the same conditions. Cell proliferation was measured at different time points by using of MTT, and the growth curve was obtained. The apoptosis was analyzed by the use of flow cytometer and the expression of parathyroid hormone-related peptide(PTHrp) was detected with Western Blot. Results The cellular differentiation was inhibited with sinusoidal EMFs of 50 Hz frequency and 1mT intensity, while cell proliferation was promoted at 4 d after stimulation (P0.05). Compared with those in the control group, the early and total rates of apoptosis in experiment group were obviously decreased, but the expression of PTHrp protein was significantly increased. Conclusion Sinusoidal EMFs might regulate proliferation and differentiation, enhance the stability of PSCs and inhibit apoptosis by mediating the expression of PTHrp protein.


Under the background of design change, Complex mechanical product design task rescheduling is the guarantee to complete the configuration changes of complex mechanical products. To minimize the impact of task rescheduling on the design cycle and cost of complex mechanical products, a design task rescheduling optimization model for complex mechanical product driven by engineering changes is proposed. Firstly, the model analyzes the state of the rescheduling system based on the design task scheduling process. Secondly, different rescheduling strategies are formulated for different rescheduling system states. Thirdly, the time for the design subject to perform the design task is evaluated, and the rescheduling model based on different rescheduling strategies is constructed and solved. Finally, the paper verifies the accuracy and applicability of the model in a case study.


Great modification has been made in the Amendment to the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China(Eight).The traditional types of theft such as " burglary"," theft with lethal weapons"," pick-pocketing"were enacted as crimes without any limit requirement of money involved.There have always been disputes ever since the enactment among scholars on how to reasonably define the incriminating elements.At the same time,the judicial application is to be considered regarding the literary interpretation and the sentencing circumstances in order to achieve fair and reasonable judgment.


Phase separation of ultrathin polymer blend films spun cast onto patterned self-assembled monolayers is examined by atomic force microscopy. Fourier transform analysis of the time evolution of the film topography reveals a coupling between the phase separation process and the surface deformation modes of the blend film. Excitation of these surface modes occurs when the scales of the phase separation coarsening and the deformation modes become commensurate. These excitations decay with time, leading to a structure where only the fundamental mode has appreciable amplitude.


Objective To assess the HIV-1 genotypic characteristics among children with virological failure after highly active anti- retroviral therapy( HAART) in Hebei. Methods Plasma samples were collected from 68 children who accepted HAART,and their viral load were detected. Among children with viral load ≥1 000 copies / m L,the detection of HIV-1 genetype was carried out. Results Among 68 children with AIDS,29 cases occured virological failure. 15(22. 06%) cases with virological failure exhibited the resistance to antiretroviral drugs,butno drug- resistance to PIs apart from the multiple resistance to PIs,NRTIs and NNRTIs(1 case). The rate of dual resistance to NRTIs and NNRTIs was 27. 59%(8 /29). The rate of high drug- resistance to NVP was up to 51.72%(15 /29). Conclusion The main factor which resulted in virological failure was HIV-1 gene mutation which caused drug resistance. The detection of HIV drug-resistance ahead of HAART was useful so that we can make better plan of ART.


The stochastic approach to inflation suffers from ambiguities due to the arbitrary choice of the time variable and due to the choice of the factor ordering in the corresponding Fokker-Planck equation. Here it is shown that both ambiguities can be removed if we require that the factor ordering should be set in such a way that physical results are invariant with respect to time reparametrizations. This requirement uniquely selects the so-called Ito factor ordering. Additional ambiguities associated with non-trivial kinetic terms of the scalar fields are also discussed, as well as ways of constraining these ambiguities.


Steve Anderson is the CEO of Preceptis Medical, Inc, a medical device ENT start-up developing tools and procedures, which allow pediatric tympanostomy surgery to be performed without the risk of general anesthesia or the costs associated with an OR. Prior to this position, he was the President of Acorn Cardiovascular, Inc., a medical device manufacturer developing life-sustaining therapies for the treatment of systolic heart failure. Mr. Anderson has 30 years of experience in the medical device industry, starting with Medtronic and including senior management positions at St. Jude Medical, TÜV Product Service, St. Croix Medical, and Acorn Cardiovascular. His specific core competencies include development, regulatory, clinical, reimbursement, quality, and compliance.


Bilateral trade agreements may enhance, or at least define, cultural understanding across countries. Possible bias from greater cultural understanding can take many forms. Using execution and difficulty scores from the 2009 World Gymnastics Championships, we find that gymnasts who are scored by judges from trading partner countries realize a greater return in terms of execution score for each bump in difficulty than do gymnasts from non-trade partner countries.


Uranium ore concentrates are transported internationally by road, rail and sea from the uranium producers to uranium converters. The concentrates are LSA-1 type material transported in IP1 packaging, typically standard open-head steel drums. Transport generally involves the use of dry 20' sea (ISO) containers. International routes involve sea transport and often include both rail and road segments. The combination of multiple transport modes can result in more demanding conditions of transport.


Biopolymer composite electrolytes consisting of cellulose acetate and magnesium perchlorate with different weight percent (wt.%) of Zinc Oxide fillers were prepared using the standard solution cast technique. The effect of incorporating various amounts of ZnO fillers in our composite electrolytes was investigated for their electrical and structural properties, and ion transference numbers. The ionic conductivity of 40 wt.% ZnO filler was found to be 8.75× 10−4 S/cm at 30 °C along with a 4.2 V electrochemical stability window. The ion transference number has been found to be 0.97 for CA + 40 wt.% of Mg(ClO4)2 + 40 wt.% with ZnO fillers. Furthermore, the electrochemical performances of the prepared electrolytes have also been investigated. The fabricated cell with this electrolyte shows an enhanced energy and high-power density of 2.78 Wh/Kg and 1000 W/Kg, respectively. An increase in the above-mentioned densities may be attributed to the high ionic conductivity ZnO fillers in the biopolymer matrix. Additionally, it shows 100% capacitance retention along with high coulombic efficiency after the 129th cycle.


As the main undertaker of clinical teaching, clinicians shoulder the triple tasks of medical treatment, scientific research and teaching. In addition, they have not studied the theory, teaching methods and education technology of medical education systematically, so it is often difficult to improve their clinical teaching ability. This paper strengthens the cooperation between schools and hospitals, establishes a support system for clinical teacher selection, filing and teacher training, designs and implements flexible training content, enhances the awareness and ability of clinical teachers to develop independently, and completes the mission of clinicians to cultivate medical talents. Keywords—synergy medical education, clinical teachers, teaching development path


The global existence of weak solutions is proved for the problem of the motion of one or several rigid bodies immersed in a non-Newtonian fluid of power-law type. The result is based on the fact that possible collisions of two rigid objects are outset by the phenomenon of shear thickening. The key ingredient of the proof is the strong convergence of the velocity gradients achieved by means of the method of pressure localization.


Short-term treatment with naltrexone has been found to reduce alcohol consumption and delay relapse to heavy drinking in alcoholic patients. This study randomized 80 alcoholic patients to receive naltrexone (50 mg/day) or placebo for 12 weeks (each with specific or nonspecific psychotherapy) and then assessed drinking behavior six months …


Some of you will remember a search system called Leadermart which was developed at Lehigh University in the early 1970s under the direction of Don Hillman. Don viewed Leadermart as one of the few early systems designed for end users rather than information specialists. He attributed its lack of acceptance by information specialists to the marriage of librarians to Boolean searching and their unwillingness to try anything new. Leadermart, however, was not particularly popular with end users either. In my opinion Leadermart's lack of acceptance was primarily due to the quality of results it produced. Also this is important in evaluating current 'expert systems' approaches to searching. With Leadermart, if you didn't get good results you had no way of knowing how to change your request to improve the results. Some people pursuing the end user today feel simpler interfaces of the Leadermart type are the single answer to capturing this vast market. In what follows I hope to show that the problem is substantially more complex than suggested by this simple solution.


In 1999, the Republic of Belarus began to educate children with severe multiple disorders (SMD). For this purpose, new special educational institutions – correction and development training centres (CDTC) – were opened across the country. Curricula for preschoolers with SMD appeared only in 2011, and curricula approved by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Belarus appeared in 2014. Before 2011, teachers were more engaged in the care and supervision of preschoolers with SMD than in the actual educational process. Currently, changes are taking place in preschool education. The education of children with SMD should be built on a competency basis where the formation of their life competencies should play the leading role. The need to assess the quality of such education has emerged, and, consequently, the issue of professional training of specialists of CDTC in this direction. The aim of the article is to determine the possibilities of the system of professional development of teachers of specialized institutions on the issues of quality assessment of education of pupils with severe multiple disorders at the present stage in the Republic of Belarus. The basic methods in the study of this problem were questioning and content analysis. The experimental base of the study is represented by 63 state educational institutions "Centre for Corrective and Developmental Education" (Brest, Vitebsk, Gomel, Grodno, Mogilev, Minsk regions and the city of Minsk, Republic of Belarus), as well as 8 institutions providing professional development of CDTC personnel (Brest, Vitebsk, Gomel, Grodno, Minsk regions, the city of Minsk, Republic of Belarus). The study involved 345 respondents: 334 teachers of CDTC and 11 employees of professional development institutions. The study was conducted in 2020. The article presents the author's view on assessing the quality of education of preschool children with SMD, highlights the results of the empirical study, and substantiates the possibility of changing the training of teachers of CDTC in the context of professional development institutions. The obtained data allow us to see a holistic picture of the modern system of professional development for special teachers on the problems of assessing the quality of education of preschool children with SMD, which further allows to adjust the training programs of professional development in specialized institutions (Academy of Postgraduate Education, Institutes of Education Development), to include the most popular topics in their content.


Objective:Nuclear apoptosis-inducing factor 1(NAIF1) is a novel apoptosis gene cloned in laboratory. To analyze the binding proteins of NAIF1 by pulldown method, the fusion expression vector of truncated human nuclear apoptosis-inducing factor 1〔NAIF1(73-327)〕 was constructed, were expressed and purified the recombinant GST-NAIF1(73-327) fusion protein in E.coli.Methods:The cDNA encoding human NAIF1(73-327) was amplified by PCR and cloned into pGEX-KG vector. The GST-NAIF1(73-327) fusion protein was expressed in E.coli and purified by affinity chromatography. The purified protein was detected by SDS-PAGE, Western blot and ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS.Results:A prokaryotic expression vector of GST-NAIF1(73-327) was constructed and the GST-NAIF1(73-327) fusion protein was expressed in E.coli at high level. SDS-PAGE analyses indicated that the purified protein was about 53 kD. Western blot and MS/MS analyses verified the recombinant fusion protein.Conclusion:An efficient method for obtaining recombinant GST-NAIF1(73-327) fusion protein had been established and it could be used for further studies on the structure and function of NAIF1.


In this paper, parameters of Coulomb satellite formation process are derived based on two sets of coordinate systems, and the relative motion equations of the formation is obtained by substituting the energy function of the system into the Lagrange equation. A control scheme to stabilize the formation process of Coulomb satellites is designed by combining a Kalman filter with a LQG controller. At the same time, a signal is designed from the perspective of the attackers so that the residue related value captured by the detector can be maintained in a small range while a significant state estimation error is achieved. At the same time, a coding matrix scheme is proposed from the perspective of the defender to destroy the stealthiness of the attack by properly encoding/decoding the data transmitted/received, so that the attack can be successfully detected. Finally, stealthiness of the false data injection attack and the method of encryption matrix detection are verified through simulation.


This paper presents a novel time-frequency analysis based technique for detection of synchronous generator islanding conditions. In the proposed method the output signals of Distributed Generation are measured locally and analyzed in time-frequency domain. In order to detection of islanding condition, the proposed method is used of energy variations of the rate of change of active power wavelet coefficients signal in a two-dimensional form. By considering the place of signals in any time, the islanding condition could be detected. At first, all possible linear and nonlinear load switching, motor starting, capacitor bank switching, and islanding conditions, are simulated and the required detection parameters measured. Using the discrete wavelet theory, the energy of any decomposition level of all mother wavelet for parameters detection is calculated. From of these signals, the best of them are selected for ANFIS training for islanding. Simulation results confirm the performance of the proposed detection algorithm in comparison with existing methods in islanding and switching conditions.


Most design approaches that have been proposed for real-time software have been implemented in single-processor environments where the efficiency of systems decreases when the number of concurrent threads increases significantly. While several parallel programming languages have been developed with powerful features and constructs for concurrent systems, it is recognized that there has been no development method for constructing large-scale real-time software using these languages. This research proposes a development method for real-time software in a parallel environment. The research is based on Entity-Life Modeling (ELM) for dealing with entities and objects in a problem environment. The method includes two major phases in the software lifecycle: requirements and design. While the first phase is language-independent, the second phase maps requirements into a design using the actor-based ACT++ language. The research provides a method to map entities, concurrent behaviors within entities, and objects identified in a problem environment onto active actors, behaviors, and passive objects in ACT++, respectively, with the consideration of inheritance, mutual exclusion, and deadlock prevention. The contribution of this research is two-fold. First, it extends the principle of the ELM design approach to a parallel environment with multiple processors. Second, it demonstrates a method to exploit most features and constructs of the parallel actor-based ACT++ language for the construction of large-scale real-time software systems. A Flexible Manufacturing System is used as the proof-of-concept prototype for this research.


This paper proposes a novel network traffic prediction approach for smart substation based on dynamic grey Markov model(DGMM).We first predict the network traffic according the grey theory; then the initial predictive errors are revised by the dynamic Markov model,whose states are determined by K-means algorithm;furthermore,the value of K,i.e.the number of states of Markov model,is discussed.The proposed approach is fully tested by the traffic data which is collected in the real industrial environment.The results show that the average predictive error of the proposed model is only 4%,which could assist decision making for the network performance analysis and prediction,network failures and viruses invasion warning of smart substation.


In this paper, the test site is the working surface hollowing area of Luling Coal Mine 8, coal seam III 811, and the distributed fiber temperature measurement is carried out. Distributed temperature measuring fibers and beam tubes are arranged in the inlet and return wind lanes of the work surface for continuous monitoring. After analyzing the data such as measuring temperature and gas concentration, the remote monitoring technology of the temperature field in the mining area is expanded. Finally, combined with the self-ignition characteristics of the Luling coal seam and the classification criteria of the "three zones" in the mining area, the range of the self-ignition hazard area of the III 811 mining area is accurately determined. This paper provides theoretical and technical support for the development of targeted fire prevention measures and remote monitoring.


Haemophilia A is an X-linked bleeding disorder caused by heterogeneous mutations in the factor VIII gene. More than 900 mutations within the FVIII coding and untranslated regions have been identified. The most common defects is an inversion in the FVIII gene that accounts for nearly 40–50% of individuals with severe haemophilia A. Point mutations, deletions and insertions are responsible for the majority of mild to moderate cases and for about half of severe haemophilia A [1]. Different approaches from linkage analysis to direct sequencing of the entire gene have been applied for mutation detection and prenatal diagnosis. Although genetic linkage analysis can be used for carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis where a prior family history of haemophilia is known, there are still significant limitations to this diagnostic approach. In countries with more advanced molecular facilities and higher budget resources, the most appropriate choice in general is a direct strategy for mutation detection [1]. However, in Korea, DNA-based diagnosis of haemophilia A has previously been carried out mostly by linkage analysis [2]. In this study, we describe the results of a mutation analysis from a single institution in Korea. For the detection of inversion mutations, multiplex long amplification-polymerase chain reaction (MLAPCR) was performed [3]. For the detection of gross gene deletions, PCR using exon-specific primers and multiplex electrophoresis were employed. The patients who did not show inversions of intron 22 or deletions were then analysed by a direct sequencing of amplified exon 7 and 18 fragments, which have been reported to harbour abnormalities most frequently [1]. In the families with a known history of inversion mutations, the carrier status was determined by direct analysis of inversion mutation. As the results indicate, mutations were identifiable in 23 of 107 (21.5%) unrelated patients studied by the aforementioned techniques. Inversion mutation of intron 22 was detected in 20 of 51 (39.2%) of severely affected patients (Fig. 1). No inversions were observed in patients with mild or moderate forms of haemophilia A. Factor VIII gene deletion was found in two patients when screened with PCR and multiplex electrophoresis, by failure of amplification from the deleted regions. The patient with these deletions had furthermore the severe form of the disease. One patient showed a deletion of exon 13 and the other had both exon 24 and 25 deletions (Fig. 2). Samples from their family members unfortunately were not available for further research. In addition, a single nucleotide substitution not reported in the previous studies was identified in this study (Fig. 3). This novel mis-sense mutation was diagnosed in a moderately severe haemophilia A patient. The molecular change replaces different amino acid, C310S rather then C310F, affecting the same amino acid position. The nucleotide change was confirmed by repeating PCR and sequencing reactions. In the remaining 83 patients, mutations have not been found with the current diagnostic methods used. In the seven families with a history of severe haemophilia A and inversions of intron 22, the carrier status was evaluated by MLA-PCR. The patient's mother was heterozygous for the same type of inversion as the proband; therefore she was found to be a carrier. Two other female members in this Correspondence: Jin-Yeong Han, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, 1,3-Ga, Dongdaesin-dong, Seo-gu, Busan, 602-715, Korea. Tel.: +82 51 240 5323; fax: +82 51 255 9366; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


The invention relates to an orthodontic device for positioning and holding an individual's teeth in a pre-determined position. Said device comprises two generally U-shaped splints (2, 3), namely a lower mandibular splint (3) and an upper maxillary splint (2), each of which is provided with tooth sockets (4, 5) to receive the individual's teeth. The inventive device is characterised in that it is produced from an elastically deformable material. Furthermore, the shape and dimensions of said sockets are such that at least one part of the surface of the teeth is subjected to a pinching effect by the walls of said sockets (4, 5). The invention also relates to the production methods for said device.


As Wiggins says in the opening sentence of his preface, &dquo;This book is meant to be a relatively sophisticated introduction to the art and science of personality assessment.&dquo; The difficulty level is that of a graduate seminar and the content is such as to give the reader an understanding of many of the theoretical issues involved in the measurement of present behavior and the predicting of later performance. In the latter area, however, lie two of the limitations of this domain of endeavor: prediction of behavior using personality va,irables has not proven to be very accurate, and secondly, very few social scientists are involved in the kinds of prediction activities with which this book deals. Furthermore, in spite of the fact that assessment has been designated as one of the three functions of a clinician, diagnostic activities have not been developed as a, basis for the choice of treatment in either practice or research. In the domain of counseling and personnel selection the assessment of personality variables has not generally proven very useful. In spite of the fact that personality measurement has not come two be an in-


A description is presented of the design of a high voltage square‐wave generator, intended for the modulation of the electric field in the absorption cell in a microwave Stark‐spectrograph. Peak‐to‐peak voltages of up to 1900 v have been produced, feeding into a 1200‐μμf capacitive load. The frequency may be chosen at any value between 10 and 120 kc. Rise and fall times of the square wave are less than 0.2 μsec.


Treatment of glycocitrine-II (1), one of the acridone alkaloids having an ortho-prehylphenol moiety isolated from Citrus plants, with m-chloroperbenzoic acid (m-CPBA) in dichloromethane gave a novel oxidation product 2, along with the known cyclization products 3 and 4. The structure of 2 was elucidated by spectrometric and X-ray crystal-lographic analyses.


Objective: to characterize hospitalizations for conditions sensitive to primary care in a city in the interior of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Method: cross-sectional, descriptive study, with collection of secondary data from medical records, coming from hospital admissions. A collection form was elaborated in three blocks: sociodemographic; related to anamnesis; and related to hospitalization. The absolute and relative frequencies of the variables and the use of the Pearson's Chi-square and Fisher's Exact, considering the level of significance of 5% were performed. Results: 663 records were identified, with a predominance of patients ≥ 60 years old (70.7%), female (54.1%), brown / black and race (69.5%), and no record of presence or absence of factors of risk (28.5%). Diagnosis of vascular accidents and congestive heart failure were predominant, with 13.3%, pneumonia (11.0%), angina (9.5%) and chronic obstructive Broncho pulmonary disease (8.3%). Among the 45 cases (6.8%) of death, 19 (42.2%) were patients who did not belong to the area covered by the Family Health Strategy team of the municipality. Conclusion: The results will contribute to the adequacy and qualification of health services management and better planning of the care provided, as well as the definition of performance indicators for the region's primary health care so that rates of avoidable hospitalizations can be controlled and reduced.


The utility model relates to a ground control station system for an aerial detection unmanned plane. The system includes a data transmission module, an image transmission module, a cradle head task operating platform, a flying control platform, a ground industrial control computer and peripheral equipment, wherein the data transmission module, the image transmission module, the flying control platform, the cradle head task operating platform and the industrial control computer peripheral equipment are respectively connected with the ground control computer. Compared with the traditional groundcontrol station system, the utility model not only has powerful functions, but also optimizes the system structure; the use is flexible and convenient; the system is convenient to carry, install andmaintain; and the ground control station system is better suitable for field operations of the ground control station system for the aerial detection unmanned plane.


The effect ofresection of75% (length measurement) ofthelarge coloninponies was studied. Ten ponies ingoodphysical condition were divided intotwogroups:group Iconsisted ofthesixexperimental ponies andgroup II offourcontrol ponies. Preoperatively andpostoperatively for fivemonths,tenclinicopathological parameters were determined: body weight, venous bloodpH, plasma bicarbonate, total plasma protein concentration, serum electrolyte values (sodium, potassium, chloride), and fecalosmolarity. Subjective assessmentofattitude andappetite revealed no difference between thegroups or within groups atany time. Resection ofa majorportion ofthelarge colon didnotsignificantly influence theclinicopathological parameters evaluated. Thehematocrit oftheponies ingroupI diddecrease duringthefirst postoperative monthandthis was attributedtowholebloodlossassociated withtheresection procedures. The results ofthisinvestigation indicated thatresection of75%ofthelarge colon inponies iscompatible withlife.


Abstract : This report reviews and compares several calculational methods for studying the space-charge-limited SGEMP problem. Included are early-time approximations, steady-state calculations, and finite difference techniques. A boundary layer treatment using steady-state theory is also developed. The report discusses how this boundary layer treatment can be incorporated into a finite difference code in a way that subdivides the finite difference cells next to emission surfaces. This subdivision makes it possible to calculate highly space-charge-limited SGEMP response without requiring extremely fine mesh cells. (Author)


This thesis comes up with the title "Judges" Consideration on Distinctive Under Minimum Sentence the most serious crime in Timor-timur." Great human rights violation is a conduct of massive crime resulting in a huge number of casualties as well as tremendous material loss. The major great human rights violation in Indonesia history took place during the Indonesia political transitition which culminated in a nationwide turmoil; one of them occurred in Timor-timor and caused an enourmous number of casualties. The crime was committed by both the military and the civilian. Former Timor-timor governor, one of the suspect of the great human rights violation in the region, was surprisingly sentenced to three years of incarceration. This sentence was far below prosecutor's demand; a ten years and six months of incarceration. The sentence also violated the constitution which stipulated a ten years minimum of incarceration for such a crime. Writer's research concludes that judges' deviation towards constitution which was resulting in distinctive under minimum sentence is caused by flawed constitution on human rights judicature with multi- interpretation issue, illegal political consideration during the judgement, and pressure from the suspect's backings as well as military group towards the judges.


The breakdown of TDDB is one of the most important problems in integrated circuits. This paper gives theoretical analysis for electron trapping breakdown theories of TDDB, and gives correlative physical models. The problems of some physical models are also pointed out. This paper provides theoretical basis for the further study of breakdown theories of TDDB and modeling of TDDB reliability.


Vitamin E is an important lipid-soluble antioxidant.Natural vitamin E includes α-,β-,γ-,δ-tocopherol and α-,β-,γ-,δ-tocotrienols.Tocotrienols possesses unique hypocholesterolemic,anti-cancer and neuroprotective properties that are often not exhibited by tocopherols.Tocotrienols is synthesized mainly in monocotyledon such as cereals.Although tocotrienols represent half of the natural vitamin E family,work on tocotrienols accounts for roughly 1% of the total literature on vitamin E.Fortunately,the research in the area had made substantial progress in recent years.In this review,the progresses of tocotrienols' role in human,source,biological synthesis and metabolic engineering were outlined.


Cloud computing with Internet of Things (IoT) has been proven to solve major problems that automation can face when data is processed on each device at a time. The problems include bulkier utility devices used to harbour high-capacity processors, difficulty in unifying different devices. IoT when combined with cloud computing, the system gives a unified platform to work on making the processing of data and cooperation between different devices hassle-free. The proposed Smart Cart and Billing System automates the billing process using a cloud facility to maintain user data and makes it easy for both the user and the admin to navigate through the database in real time. To ensure an efficient and secure network line, this research study has introduced a standard network of 802.11n hardware with a Software-Defined Wide Area Network (SD-WAN) architecture. Very few literatures have presented the cloud based centralised data management physical cart system. This is a unique approach to leverage fast wireless communication and centralised databases for minimising computational capacity consumption and latency.


In the light of the recent discovery that different forms of the {ital S} matrix produce equally good fits to heavy-ion scattering data, we use the simple Ericson parametrization of the phase shifts to analyze the experimental data and apply the Glauber approximation to evaluate the corresponding optical potential. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}


As the price-performance ratio of embedded PCs improves, the benefits of the PC-Fi can be maximized by designing an embedded PC-Fi system. In this paper presents the design of an embedded PC-Fi that can be manipulated by a remote controller based on mobile devices such as smart phones or tablets. Additionally, an interactive control system and its GUI, through which the user can select and play music as they like at ease, are presented. The case that a large amount of music is stored in the PC-Fi system requires a function allowing the user to easily select the music they want to listen to. In order to implement this function, a DB containing detailed information of each track can be used to find the location of the desired music with keywords provided by the user. In this proposed system, the embedded PC-Fi system and remote controller are mutually connected via a WiFi network, and more than one user can remotely control the embedded system with their own mobile device.


Reflections on Care In retrospect, it seems that I always had a feeling of disquiet about living in the United States after moving from India to complete my PhD at Purdue University, but it was difficult to identify and name for several years. After I finished my PhD work at Purdue, moving into a tenure track job in the US seemed to be the natural and inevitable outcome of my graduate education. I was offered a job at the University of Montana, so there I went. Missoula was a beautiful town with a lot of outdoor opportunities, a collegial department with clear and reasonable expectations for tenure, and a vibrant LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgendered) (1) community. In many ways, my experience was typical of a highly educated immigrant assimilating into American culture by means of a professional and (relatively) well paid job. I acquired a car, a few credit cards, a twang in my accent, and even a baseball cap. And so, I drifted into the American cultural, economic and professional mainstream. Yet, despite my department's generous offer of financial and administrative support toward my green card application, I never actually filed one. I was reminded to do so year after year by everyone I knew, including my family in India, my department chair, my immigration lawyer, and other friends in academe and beyond. I still can not identify why I kept hedging and hesitating, and even now can only describe my procrastination in terms of a latent, non-specific disquiet about place and my emerging American identity. In early March 2004, however, four events occurred that brought such latent disquiet into sharp relief. The Bush Administration began promoting the case for a Federal anti-gay amendment (the so-called Federal Marriage Amendment); the media marked the first anniversary of the Iraq invasion; I received news of a promotion at work; and I met the person who is now my partner. These events were momentous. The first three crystallized my disquiet into a fundamental question about the potential impact of my labour as an associate professor in an American University. Specifically, I confronted the stark fact that a large amount of my labour, in the form of taxes, had already contributed toward violence--against Iraqis, against LGBT communities in the US, and against soldiers in the US military. I had discussed the matter with friends and colleagues before and had always taken comfort in the fact that my most significant contribution to American culture lay in pedagogy, but my class on conflict and collaboration now appeared pale in significance compared to my new thoughts about what my labour was "really" doing. I decided take some concrete steps about creating alternatives to my American academic career. Opting out suddenly became an option. Meeting Luke helped simultaneously ease and exacerbate my existential dilemma. On one hand, having a supportive relationship actually helped me find the courage to leave Montana in the face of my fears that I might be throwing my career away. On the other hand, I found myself building very personal connections to Montana through Luke, even as I was preparing to mentally transition out of it, and so our decision to leave came at just the moment when we both felt most connected to the town in which we lived. I let my future department know that my relationship with Luke would be a factor in deciding whether or not I would be able to move, and to my surprise the department immediately offered to bear Luke's moving expenses should he decide to come with me. This was reassuring not only from a financial standpoint, but from an institutional one. We knew that Aotearoa/New Zealand had just passed a Civil Union bill, and the University of Waikato's institutional recognition of the legality of our relationship was, we thought, a good sign. We were able to see that a move to Aotearoa/New Zealand would enable us to experience life in a country that supported LGBT rights, was largely anti-war, had instituted civil unions, and where universities did not administer their employees' relationships according to sexuality, gender, or marriage. …


Objective To examine the expression of heparin binding-epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) in paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer and elucidate the relationship between HB-EGF and the resistance of ovarian cancer to paclitaxel. Methods The human ovarian carcinoma cell line A2780 and the paclitaxel-resistant human ovarian carcinoma cell line A2780/Taxol were cultured in vitro. Western blot was used to dectect the expression of HB-EGF protein in A2780 and A2780/Taxol groups. The A2780 cells were treated with cross-reacting material 197 (CRM197 and A2780 + CRM197 group) or dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO;A2780 group), while the A2780/Taxol cells were treated with CRM197 (A2780/Taxol+CRM197 group) or DMSO (A2780/Taxol group). The effects of CRM197 on growth and proliferation was tested by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium( MTT) and the results were showed as absorbance (A).The effects of CRM197 on cell cycles was tested by flow cytometry, while the effects of CRM197 on apoptosis was examined by caspase-3 activity assay and the results were showed as p-nitroaniline(pNa). In animal experiment, four groups of cells were inoculated to BALB/c nude mouse subcutaneously to observe tumor formation ability following CRM197 treatment. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of HB-EGF protein in A2780 and A2780/Taxol group. Results The expression level of HB-EGF protein in A2780/Taxol group (2.11±0.41) was significantly higher than that of A2780 group (0.75±0.20;P<0.01). The inhibition effect of CRM197 on the cell growth of A2780+CRM197 and A2780/Taxol+CRM197 group was accompanied by the acceleration of CRM197 concentration(P<0.01). When CRM197≥1 μg/ml, the inhibition effect of CRM197 on the cell growth of A2780/Taxol+CRM197 group was significantly higher than that in A2780/Taxol group(P<0.05). In cell cycle experiment, CRM197 induced the cell-cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in A2780+CRM197 cells[(67 ± 4)%] compared with A2780 cells[(54 ± 6)%;P<0.01], while CRM197 significantly induced the cell-cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in A2780/Taxol+CRM197 cells [(72± 4)%] compared with A2780/Taxol cells [(24±8)%;P<0.01]. CRM197 treatment in A2780+CRM197 group [(40 ± 6)μmol/L] led to the acceleration of the caspase-3 activity when compared to A2780 group [(6 ± 6)μmol/L;P<0.01], while CRM197 treatment in A2780/Taxol+CRM197 group [(66 ± 12)μmol/L] led to significant acceleration of the caspase-3 activity when compared to A2780 group [(9 ± 6)μmol/L;P<0.01]. In experiments in vivo, the expression scores of HB-EGF protein in A2780/Taxol tumors(10.8 ± 3.3) were higher than that in A2780 tumors (5.0±2.2;P<0.01). The tumor size and tumor weight of the A2780/Taxol+CRM197 group were both higher than those of the A2780+CRM197 group [(546 ± 85) mm3 vs (1 355 ± 119) mm3,(0.56 ± 0.09) g vs (1.31 ± 0.27) g; all P<0.01]. The CRM197 inhibition rate of the A2780+CRM197 and A2780/Taxol + CRM197 group were 43% and 68% respectively, showed that CRM197 significantly suppressed the growth of A2780/Taxol xenografts in vivo(P<0.01). Conclusions HB-EGF is over-expressed in paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer and may be contributes to drug resistance. Inhibition of HB-EGF expression potently enhances apoptosis and inhibit the growth of paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer, shedding light on the HB-EGF-targeted therapy options for chemoresistant ovarian cancer patients.

Key words:
Ovarian neoplasms ;  Intercellular signaling peptides and proteins ;  Bacterial proteins ;  Paclitaxel ;  Drug resistance,neoplasm ;  Cell line,tumor ;


This note proposes various zero suppression algorithms which the Silicon Strip Tracker FEDs could use to reduce the data volume flowing to the DAQ. These algorithms vary in how they subtract common-mode noise and perform cluster finding. Using Monte Carlo simulations, the relative performance of the algorithms is compared, both in terms of cluster finding efficiency and in terms of their effect on the data volume (tracker strip occupancy). The characteristics of the resulting clusters are explored. Also addressed is the question of how the FEDs should format their output data.


A standard result of coalition formation games is that stable coalitions are very small if the coalition plays Nash vis-à-vis the rest of the world and if abatement costs are quadratic. It has been shown that larger coalitions and even the grand coalition are possible if the marginal abatement cost is concave. The paper confirms this result, but shows that abatement activities by large coalitions smaller than the grand coalition can be very small. This can be 'repaired' only by assuming that the marginal abatement cost curve changes its curvature extremely once the stable coalition has been reached.


The pretreatment process was carried out to solubilize the sewage sludge for enhancing its biodegradability using alkaline treatment, ultrasonic treatment(l5kHz), ozone treatment and different combination of these three methods: alkaline followed by ultrasonic as well as ozone, and ultrasonic followed by alkaline. The solubilization efficiency was evaluated based on the SCOD/TCOD ratio and VSS/TS ratio. In results, the proper condition of alkaline treatment was shown as 30meq/l of NaOH, pH 12 and 3hours of reaction time. Solubilization efficiency increased to 17% from initial 2% based on SCOD/TCOD ratio under this condition. In ultrasonic treatment, the higher ultrasonic power, the longer treatment time and the lower sludge volume resulted in higher solubilization respectively. There was a rapid increase in solubilization efficiency after 20 minute, then it was measured as 32% of SCOD/TCOD ratio in 1 hour at a ultrasonic power of 1,300W with 1/sludge. Solubilization efficiencies in combined treatment using alkaline and ultrasonic were 47-53% higher than single treatment at a sonicated time of 1 hour. Ozone treatment followed by alkaline treatment also represented the enhanced solubilization compared to ozone treatment. Therefore, ultrasonic or ozone treatment assisted by alkaline could achieve the short treatment time as well as high solubilizetion efficiency.


The article discusses the methodological issues of targeted inclusion of the potential of the information space in the educational process. The understanding of the information educational space as an environment for the formation of meta-subject skills of students is substantiated. The information educational space is defined as the object world, which is created and filled with human by various objects and processes. This world is directly or indirectly connected with the sphere of education. He is the subject of human activity. This activity includes: the human perception of these objects, actions with them, the impact on them. The key principles of formation of meta-subject skills of studying youth by means of information educational space are defined. Among these principles are the following: the humanization and democratization of strategies and models of work of young people in the information educational space; adequacy and objectivity - the compliance of the educational and cognitive activity of students in the digital information space with the requirements of educational standards and the and sociocultural level of society; the combination of the individualized nature of learning and the unity of requirements for the class, group of students; regularity and systematicity, diversity of the organization of the work of students in the digital information space; comprehensiveness and effectiveness of training the focus of the organization of search and cognitive activity of students on their personal development and etc.


Despite smoking being a well‐established risk factor for adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes, a substantial proportion of women of reproductive age smoke. Previously, meta‐analyses have indicated a significantly negative impact of female smoking on outcomes of assisted reproduction, yet most of the included studies have several, essential methodological limitations. We aimed to investigate whether female cigarette smoking may affect the chance of achieving a clinical pregnancy and live birth among women and couples receiving medically assisted reproduction treatment.


ABSTRACT Social distancing has contributed enormously to controlling the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. From Latin America to East Asia and Africa, the majority of the urban dwellers are living in congested, ignored and criminalised squatter settlements with meagre resources restricting them to exercise social distancing. Stretching boundaries of the theory of planned behaviour, this article discusses how the utopia of social distancing interacts with the dystopia of living in slums. Based on participant observation and in-depth interviews, this article compares the lived experiences of the urban poor of Pakistan and Brazil to explore their subjectivities concerning the pandemic. This research finds that neglect of the "social distancing" is premised on socio-economic structures shaping socio-spatial realities of the urban poor. The exclusion and otherisation of these poor by the politicians, bureaucracies, and society at large is both discriminatory and criminalising. It further reveals that the absence of "social distancing" exhibits the socio-economic helplessness of such dwellers who mainly struggle to attain their basic survival needs. Therefore, the adoption of a class-sensitive approach to the pandemic is pivotal to devising an inclusive policy framework addressing the marginalised geographies.


The audio CD this edition of Hamlet contains a series of unique recordings to illustrate how different actors place their own interpretation on the play. Hear Sir Laurence Olivier as Hamlet in 1948 and compare this to Simon Russell Beale's performance in 2003. There are also superb performances from Ellen Terry, John Barrymore, Richard Burton and Emma Fielding. The text is illustrated throughout with photographs from notable productions, including Kenneth Branagh's 1996 film and Michael Almereyda's 2000 version, Simon Russell Beale in New York City and Roger Rees at the Royal Shakespeare Company. The book also takes you behind the scenes with reproductions of set drawings, costume designs and scene edits, including drawings from a 1934 production directed by Sir John Gielgud. As well as the playtext, there are articles covering a range of topics including 'In Production: Hamlet through the Years' by Terri Bourus, 'Hamlet in Popular Culture' by Douglas Lanier, 'A Voice Coach's Perspective on Speaking Shakespeare' by Andrew Wade and 'In the Age of Shakespeare' by Thomas Garvey. The Sourcebooks Shakespeare Hamlet is an invaluable tool for students of all ages from GCSE to A Level and beyond.


Mutation detection plays an important role in clinical diagnosis of diseases.Single strand conformation polymorphism(SSCP) analysis is one of the most popular methods for detection of mutations.SSCP analysis in combination with CE is a rapid,simple,sensitive and low-cost tool,and has been successfully applied for mutation detection involving human tumor oncogenes suppressor genes and disease-causing genes.Basic issues about the influence of parametes for SSCP analysis based on CE are reviewed and the prospect of the method is summarized.


Personality is capable of dividing available existence and essence; each person is single, only in its kind existence and value. Any form of reflexive existence of individuality does not reflect full weight of historical existence of humanity and development of world spirit. Spiritual existence of personality is originally appeared as individual reality, so also dismembered reality of some association. Unity of individual personalities in the social "joint personality" based on the essential unity, which is oriented to the specific values. This assumes hierarchical system, distinction in kind, public and world medium. However, the freedom of personality must not be suppressed by any forces.


This research-in-progress paper illustrates how technoidentologists can explicate relationships with IS/IT and uncover techno-identities in a single interview. The power of this approach lies in the ability to paint a more complete picture of users' preferences for various IS/IT. This includes beginning with concrete IS/IT and ending with core constructs that represent purpose and/or meaning in life. Although prominent in Personal Construct Psychology, this approach is embryonic and not well understood in Information Systems. This paper seeks to pave a methodological way forward for technoidentologists by explicating this process, as doing so allows researchers the ability to link concrete IS/IT and core motivations, as well as to hone in on areas of divergence and convergence. Preliminary findings hold immense implications for IS subfields that may be backgrounding key aspects, that if understood, could have a 'table turning' effect on relations between industry and the academy.


Cis-5-substituted pyrrolidine phosphonates, proline surrogates, are prepared by a highly stereoselective intramolecular metal carbenoid N-H insertion from a sulfinimine-derived delta-amino alpha-diazo beta-ketophosphonate. [reaction: see text]


Sustainability, environmental performance and energy efficiency have become main subjects not only for the profession of architecture, but for every profession, as well. Within the scope of this conference, and more specifically the overall energy performance of buildings, the section dealing with the higher technical education has special relevance. The need for incorporating sustainability and energy parameters in higher education has been recognised for some considerable time now. As academic staff members teaching in technical courses at the Faculty of Architecture, University of Zagreb, we are always under time pressure in keeping up with the newest performances in structure and technology facing the question: How to realise and improve the graduate framework and the learning and teaching plan of environmental issues in the courses that we teach? The paper examines available study programme 'Architecture and Urban Studies' within the master degree programme at the Department of Architectural Technology and Building Science. The new compulsory course Architecture and Technology 1 (AT1_2018/2019) addresses the topics of building energy consumption and emissions, rational use of energy, environmental impact, high performance efficiency and sustainable building. By comparing a selection of students' works in different groups conducted experimentally for the first time, the paper will discuss the project approach, give a critical evaluation of the selected case studies and some lessons learned from attempts to incorporate environmental issues into the unit syllabus. Through this paper we attempt to share information and deepen the discussion within the academic community. Finally, as a contribution, it is expected to increase the ways by which parameters of energy and environmental sustainability can become an integral guiding principle in the design and delivery of all academic courses offered at the Faculty.


Latvia had high expectations from the membership of the European Union, yet the first ten years of this membership have brought both positive and negative results. Latvia has managed to get into the core of the EU by joining the border-free Schengen area and the eurozone. During the first half of 2015 Latvia will hold the rotating presidency of the Council of Ministers of the EU – a remarkable event in Latvia's history. Moreover, a stable political system, pretty decent public administration, renovated roads and public buildings, and higher quality goods in shops attest to Latvia's regained fortune after a painful transition from a Soviet centralised state to a liberal market economy. However, a post-accession economic growth was followed by a deep slump. While benefiting politically from belonging to a club of rich countries, Latvia had to ask for international bail-out assistance in 2008. Today Latvia is back to economic growth, but new challenges have emerged stemming from extensive emigration of young people and demographic decline. Regional instability caused by Russia's aggression towards Ukraine is another major challenge to Latvia's future.


The evolution of mobile communication devices and services has taken up a dynamic that makes any prognosis in the field almost impossible. Whereas part of this dynamic may remain inscrutable, we believe that a much higher degree of explanation can be achieved by systematically paying closer attention to the process of appropriation. To seize upon this potential, we present an integrative model to analyze mobile phone appropriation (the "MPA model").

The model is based on existing theoretical approaches of the quantitative "adoption" paradigm (namely, Innovation Diffusion Theory and Theory of Planned Behavior) as well as the mostly qualitative research paradigm devoted to "appropriation" (Cultural studies and Frame Analysis), with the Uses-and-Gratifications approach playing a role on both sides. The model has been developed, operationalized and empirically applied in the context of mobile phone appropriation; however, with certain modifications it can be adapted to other information and communications technology (ICT) innovations.

Resume

An Integrative Model of Mobile Phone Appropriation

The evolution of mobile communication devices and services has taken up a dynamic that makes any prognosis in the field almost impossible. Whereas part of this dynamic may remain inscrutable, we believe that a much higher degree of explanation can be achieved by systematically paying closer attention to the process of appropriation. To seize upon this potential, we present an integrative model to analyze mobile phone appropriation (the "MPA model").

The model is based on existing theoretical approaches of the quantitative "adoption" paradigm (namely, Innovation Diffusion Theory and Theory of Planned Behavior) as well as the mostly qualitative research paradigm devoted to "appropriation" (Cultural studies and Frame Analysis), with the Uses-and-Gratifications approach playing a role on both sides. The model has been developed, operationalized and empirically applied in the context of mobile phone appropriation; however, with certain modifications it can be adapted to other information and communications technology (ICT) innovations.

ZhaiYao


Although OGLE-TR-56b was the second transiting exoplanet discovered, only one light curve, observed in 2006, has been published besides the discovery data. We present 21 light curves of 19 different transits observed between 2003 July and 2009 July with the Magellan Telescopes and Gemini South. The combined analysis of the new light curves confirms a slightly inflated planetary radius relative to model predictions, with Rp = 1.378 ± 0.090 RJ. However, the values found for the transit duration, semimajor axis, and inclination values differ significantly from the previous result, likely due to systematic errors. The new semimajor axis and inclination, a = 0.01942 ± 0.00015 AU and i = 73.°72 ± 0.°18, are smaller than previously reported, while the total duration, T14 = 7931 ± 38 s, is 18 minutes longer. The transit midtimes have errors from 23 s to several minutes, and no evidence is seen for transit midtime or duration variations. Similarly, no change is seen in the orbital period, implying a nominal stellar tidal decay factor of Q* = 107, with a 3σ lower limit of 105.7.


Emotion concepts might be mentally represented as continuous dimensions or as discrete, bounded categories. One account that subscribes to the first possibility proposes that emotion concepts are distributed more or less continuously around the perimeter of a circumplex defined on bipolar dimensions of pleasure and arousal. Using an analogue of categorical perception methodology, this study demonstrated a number of category boundaries that mark out discrete segments of the circumplex. The discriminability of emotion concepts was relatively weak within segments and relatively strong across adjacent segments. Furthermore, empirically derived dimensions additional to pleasure and arousal discriminated the same segments.


Defaultable bond is a bond that once an credit default event bursts out,a series of defaultable bonds may default consecutively.Through the study on the integrated risk measurement of defaultable bond portfolio,it would provide the theory basis of financial emergency management and scientific decision making for financial agents and is also beneficial for the improvement of financial system in the aspects of emergency disposal mechanism.To consider both the correlation between credit risk and market risk and the correlation of credit risk among obligors in portfolio,this paper constructs a risk integrated framework from common risk driving factors identified by different risk types.We assume default intensity is affine dependent on underlying state vector,including systematic market risk factors,systematic credit risk factors,idiosyncratic credit risk factors,so that we deduct defaultable bond price under the frame of three-factor affine intensity,and expand the two-factor intensity pricing model for defaultablebond to three-factor intensity price model.On the basis of above,we then propose a Monte Carlo Method of calculating integrated-risk for defaultable bonds portfolio,and give loss distribution which reflects credit risk and market risk in the same horizon,so that we can get VaR for portfolio and capture the two types of risks of the defaultable bond portfolio.Finally,we illustrate the application of the integrated-risk measurement model under the frame of three-factor affine intensity by computing the integrated-risk VaR of short-term commercial paper portfolio,and compare with the result gotten by two-factor affine intensity pricing model.


This thesis puts forward a design for an affordable 3D scanner that can easily capture accurate 3D models of the human hand. Such 3D scans are a requirement for designing and manufacturing personalised products, which open up a new world of design possibilities by tailoring products specifically to a single person. An example of such a product is Carpifix, a personalised wrist orthosis that takes away key usage problems present in current orthoses. In addition 3D scanning can be used to objectively track progress of hand therapy or to gather detailed anthropometric data, including multidimensional shape information, for product design or other medical purposes. A highly iterative approach is used to further develop the photogrammetry-based scanning technology and integrate it into a comfortable and easy to use to product. Key aspects of the scanner are a practical, secure and reliable system architecture, and low-cost components. In addition, it includes an interface both on the scanner and a separate application to facilitate an effortless and structured process of scanning, processing, utilising and archiving 3D models in the various relevant contexts. Thereby allowing anyone, including people who are not skilled anthropometrists, to obtain accurate measurements. Evaluation using a prototype shows the design is capable of producing accurate and complete reconstructions of the hand and ±15 cm of the arm with a 90% success rate. Defects in the remaining 10% of scans are generally limited to a section of the arm, with the hand reconstructed properly. The integrated design developed as part of this project is sufficiently robust to be evaluated in a real-world pilot application. From this the product's embodiment design should to be further optimised for manufacturing and the interaction concept further evaluated and implemented. In addition, development of further software features such as automatic measurement and treatment progress tracking that unlock the potential of 3D scanning as well as cloud processing should be considered. Finally, additional improvements to the scanning system may be evaluated if it is determined that the current reconstruction quality is not sufficient or its limitations are problematic.


The main factor that distinguishes true mass casualty disasters from the routine management of injured patients is the large number of casualties that present essentially simultaneously, which outstrip the available resources required for their optimal care. The injuries themselves tend to be similar to those normally encountered in daily trauma practice, although they may be more severe and unique in certain settings (i.e. severe soft tissue disruption, shrapnel wounds or blast lung in victims of explosive disasters, cyanide poisoning in chemical events, acute radiation syndrome in radiological events). However, the large numbers of casualties greatly impede the ability to fully evaluate and treat each injured individual in a conventional manner. A major change in the approach to medical care is therefore required in order to optimize outcome. Medical evaluation and treatment must be rapid to allow for a continuing influx, and yet must remain accurate in identifying those critically injured victims who require immediate life-saving care. The focus of medical care can no longer be on each individual, but must shift to the population as a whole. The standard goal of providing the greatest good for each individual patient must change in a mass casualty setting to the greatest good for the greatest number. This requires a rationing of the limited resources to apply them where they are most beneficial for the most casualties. These concepts are antithetical to the morality and training of health care providers, yet are necessary to salvage the greatest number of lives in these circumstances (1–3). A key component of the delivery of medical care to mass casualties is the process of triage, from the French word triagere, meaning "to sort". This concept was introduced by Napoleon's battlefield surgeon, Baron Dominique Jean Larrey, and has since become a cornerstone of military medical care (4, 5). It involves matching the limited resources to the needs of casualties by assigning those who are most seriously injured to receiving priority care. This requires rapid identification of the severely injured in order to apply these resources most appropriately. The greater the casualty burden, the more difficult this becomes, and the more training and expertise is required. In fact, triage is practiced only occasionally and on small scales in the routine management of individual injured patients. The abundant medical resources in developed nations allow essentially unlimited application of care and expense to each patient, which makes rationing of care unnecessary. True mass casualty events are rare. The principles of triage are not taught in many medical schools or in residency training. This is why education and training assumes major importance in the care of mass casualties from any form of disaster, in view of how different the decision-making must be if the salvage of life is to be maximized (6).


Abstract As a Bayesian criterion for model comparison, Spiegelhalter et al. proposed the deviance information criterion (DIC) which consists of two parts: a classical estimate of fit and an effective number of parameters. This model comparison method is based on generalized linear models, and it may be inappropriate to be used for comparison in the case of mixture of distributions mainly due to the label switching and multimodality issues. For this purpose, Celeux et al. proposed several modified DIC constructions and assessed their behaviors under a mixture of distributions, however they did not fully explore the properties of alternative DICs. Here, we study and provide the properties of DIC3, one of the variations Celeux et al. proposed, and propose our modified DIC to lessen the issue raised by using the dataset twice. We compare our proposed criterion to other model selection criteria based on two numerical examples, the Galaxy dataset and the simulated dataset.


Magma transfer from the mantle to the crust in arcs is an important step in the global cycling of elements and volatiles from Earth's interior to the atmosphere. Arc intrusive rocks dominate the total magma mass budget over extrusive rocks. However, their total volume and rate of addition is still poorly constrained, especially in continental arcs. We present lateral (forearc to backarc) and depth‐dependent (volcanics to deep crust) magma volume additions and arc‐wide magma addition rates (MARs) calculated from three continental arc crustal sections preserving magma flare‐up periods. We observe an increase in volume addition with depth and less magma added in the forearc (~15%) and backarc (~10% to 30%) compared to the main arc. Crustal‐wide MARs for each section are remarkably similar and around 0.7–0.9 km3/km2/Ma. MARs can be used to estimate CO2 fluxes from continental arcs. With initial magma CO2 contents of 1.5 wt.%, global continental arc lengths, and MARs, we calculate changes in C (Mt/year) released from continental arcs since 750 Ma. Calculated present‐day global C fluxes are similar to values constrained by other methods. Throughout the Phanerozoic, assuming equal durations of flare‐up and lull magmatism, calculated continental CO2 flux rates vary between 4 and 18 Mt C/year with highest values in the Mesozoic. These fluxes are considered minima since the intake of mantle and/or crustal carbon is not considered. Magmatic episodicity in continental arcs and changes in arc thickness and width are critical to consider when calculating MARs through time.


Learning outcomes are the results that have been achieved after receiving the knowledge embodied in the form of values or numbers as well as actions in which the student's learning outcomes in obtaining a change a number of knowledge, attitudes and skills that will differ between students with one another. The problem in this research is "there are still many students who have not finished on economic subjects of class X SMA Negeri 2 Sekampung even semester of academic year 2016/2017". This is evident from the MID semester results of students who are still many under the KKM. The purpose of this research is: "to know the influence of learning media based on information, communication and technology (ICT) on the learning outcomes of economy class X even semester SMA Negeri 2 Sekampung academic year 2016/2017". While the hypothesis that the authors ask is "There is a positive influence of the use of information-based learning media, communication and technology (ICT) on the economic learning outcomes of students of class X even semester SMA Negeri 2 Sekampung academic year 2016/2017. Design research used is Quasi Experimental Design.There is one group of experiment which is chosen by random that is class X3 which amounts to 23 students. Based on data analysis, the following research results are obtained. There is a positive influence of learning media based on information, communication and technology (ICT) on the economic learning outcomes of students of class X SMA Negeri 2 Sekampung academic year 2016/2017, it is decided with t count> ttabel, and seen that at 5% significant level of 7 , 46> 2.07. And at a significant level of 1% or 7.46> 2.83, thus Ŷ = a + bX is Ŷ = 7770,713 + 24.54X.


Abstract : Epitaxial thin films of beta-SiC of up to five microns in thickness have been reproducibly grown on (100) and (111) Si single crystal wafers. A two-step process involving the initial chemical conversion of the Si surface to SiC using C2H4 alone followed by direct CVD of SiC using both SiH4 and C2H4 was employed to achieve this objective. Theoretical CVD phase diagrams for the Si-C-H and Si-C-Ar system have been calculated for various reactive gases, Si/Si+C ratios, temperatures and total pressures. Amorphous Sic has also been produced using a remodeled rf sputtering unit. (Author)


How did environmental sustainability permeate the political-academic debate on development and which themes are still under discussion within the scope of sustainable development objectives (SDGs)? From an interdisciplinary literature review, this work presents a trajectory of development studies, culminating in the SDGs. From a technical and one-dimensional perspective, from a post-Cold War window of opportunity, the debate moved towards a multidimensional and transversal approach, involving the social and environmental spheres. However, critics question whether the SDGs represent a legitimate and implementable agenda, considering all setbacks in international and domestic policies


The purpose of this paper is to recall the main ingredients of the construction of the C � -algebra of a groupoid (introduced by Renault in (19)) and to collect some results on the independence of the C � -algebra on the choice of Haar system.


BACKGROUND
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is now the procedure of choice for symptomatic gallbladder disease. The procedure can be done safely and cost effectively on an outpatient basis, either as same-day surgery or with 24-hour observation.

METHODS
This report represents a retrospective chart review of 60 patients having elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A comparison was made between same-day surgery and 24-hour observation.

RESULTS
Of the 60 elective cases, 33 were done as a same-day procedure, and 27 were followed by 24-hour observation. There were no major complications and no return visits to the emergency room (ER) or hospital in either group. The average cost of same-day surgery was $4,940, and the average cost for 24-hour observation was $6,118.

CONCLUSIONS
We found no advantage to routinely keeping patients for 24-hour observation. Elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy as same-day surgery is safe and cost effective.


In this project the object is to apply the principles of Residence Time Distribution (RTD) analysis to the study of free convection in porous media. The advantages of this technique are that it is non-intrusive, the data are quickly generated, and a large amount of information, distributed in the time domain, is obtained. The disadvantage is that a model must be used to infer the flow pattern from the RTD. It is proposed to apply the same modeling approaches that have been used successfully in mixing tank studies and to interpret the flow patterns in terms of similar mixing tank model parameters. Correlations would then be sought with global parameters of the porous medium like Rayleigh, Peclet and Nusselt numbers. 2 refs., 3 figs.