With the increasing demand of electric vehicle charging, it is necessary to plan the location of electric vehicle charging station scientifically and reasonably. By considering the intelligent characteristics of unattended smart charging station, this paper studies the location problem of charging station under the influence of multiple factors, and the evaluation index system of smart charging station location is established. In the light of experts' evaluation and a lot of experience, the fuzzy number is adopted to express the evaluation value and corresponding weight of indexes. The technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) method of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) is employed to sort the schemes and select the best one. Finally, the rationality and feasibility of the proposed method are verified by simulation results, and the influence of index weight on scheme selection is analyzed.


A tight single-change covering design (TSCCD) is an ordered set of ordered sets of integers, or in other words, a sequence of "blocks". The size and complexity of a TSCCD are determined by two parameters: v, the total number of unique integers, or "symbols", and k, the number of symbols in each block. A valid TSCCD consists of a sequence of blocks which satisfies three properties. First, each successive block must have all symbols in common with the preceding block except for any single symbol which must differ. This is the "single-change" element. Second, all unique pairs of v symbols must be represented, or "covered", by the constituent symbols' appearance together in at least one block. Third and finally, for each single changed symbol from one block to the next, all pairs formed by the new symbol's introduction to the block must not be formed in any preceding block. This is the "tight" element of the problem. TSCCDs are deceptively complex constructions, and they are not easy to generate in non-trivial sizes.


Bright-blue crystals of the centrosymmetric title compound, [Cu(C2N3)2(C11H6N2O)2], were obtained by reacting copper(II) chloride with 4,5-diazafluoren-9-one (dafo) and sodium dicyanamide. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the dicyanamide and dafo ligands are bonded to the Cu atom to give a distorted octahedral geometry. The dicyanamide anions are terminally bonded in trans postitions. Weak C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N interactions help to define the crystal packing.


[Extract] Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is associated with the conduct of corporations and in particular whether corporations owe a duty to stakeholders other than shareholders. Whilst the phrase 'Corporate Social Responsibility' may be gaining momentum, the concept itself is not new. The question as to whether corporations owe duties to broader stakeholders has been debated at various times throughout the twentieth century.


Mucormycosis is a fungal infection with a high mortality rate (>50%) caused by the Mucorales often occurring in immunosuppressed patients, as with diabetes mellitus, hematopoietic stem cell transplants, or associated hematological malignancy. Mucormycosis usually develops as an acute infection and presents itself in rhinocerebral, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, cutaneous, and disseminated clinical types. Oral mucormycosis is rarely seen in clinical practice and reported cases are scarce [1-3]. Herein, we present the case of a male patient with L2 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with gingival mucormycosis, as well as a short review of the literature.


Modern study travel has gradually developed in Jiangxi province, an old revolutionary area, which is an important embodiment of the sustainable development of red tourism. It is also an innovative way for the tourism education industry to continuously carry out patriotism, revolutionary traditional education and national conditions education, relying on the unique historical and cultural resources of the old area. The development of study travel in the old revolutionary area not only enriches the connotation and significance of tourism education, but also expands the teaching content and teaching means of the second classroom of tourism education. The study travel in the old revolutionary area is a new form of tourism education in the new period and a new way for the development of the second classroom of tourism education. However, in the course of its development, there are some problems that need to be paid attention to, and the analysis of them and the relevant suggestions are helpful to promote the continuation of tourism education. And it can deepen the reform continuously and promote the innovation and development of the second classroom of tourism education. Keywords—Revolutionary Old District; Red study Travel; Tourism Education; Second classroom


A Windows-based computer program has been written to enable novice users (especially educators and students) to view images of large areas of the Earth (e.g., the continental United States) generated from image data acquired in the Landsat observations performed circa the year 1990. The large-area images are constructed as mosaics from the original Landsat images, which were acquired in several wavelength bands and each of which spans an area (in effect, one tile of a mosaic) of approx. 5 in latitude by approx. 6 deg in longitude. Whereas the original Landsat data are registered on a universal transverse Mercator (UTM) grid, the program converts the UTM coordinates of a mouse pointer in the image to latitude and longitude, which are continuously updated and displayed as the pointer is moved. The mosaic image currently on display can be exported as a Windows bit-map file. Other images (e.g., of state boundaries or interstate highways) can be overlaid on Landsat mosaics. The program interacts with the user via standard toolbar, keyboard, and mouse user interfaces. The program is supplied on a compact disk along with tutorial and educational information.


The past twenty years has witnessed an incredible growth in computer computing capability. Indeed, the million-fold increase in multiplication speeds alone have made possible the efficient solution to seemingly impossible problems. A quite theoretical question is that of determining the limit, if one exists, of possible hardware performance. A <u>realistic response</u> is how to extend it.


This paper presents an experimental result to demonstrate azimuth ambiguity suppression with the displaced phase center antenna technique that is promising technique to realize the high resolution wide swath imagery for spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR). The dual receiver antenna data was acquired by airborne Ku-band SAR. In this paper, we propose a signal compensation procedure to cope with beam squint for the following coherent signal processing such as the dual channel reconstruction algorithm. The azimuth ambiguity suppression capability is evaluated by comparing the image reconstructed from dual-receiver channel to the single receiver channel image. The experimental result shows significant azimuth ambiguity suppression.


Abstract This work correlates the submarine volcanic and hydrothermal structures detected through seismic profiles on Deception Island (DI) with geochemical distribution patterns of the volcanic sediments which make up the seafloor of the island. A comparison of subaerial and submarine volcanic events is also carried out and three groups of submerged seismo-depositional units are defined. A model is proposed according to which the highest contents of Fe-Mn-Zn are related to volcanic cones, mounds and vents formed in relation with extensional normal low-angle faults. The As-Ba anomalies, active fumaroles and hot-springs are associated to later tensional faults.


1. An apparatus for compression molding of gaskets in lids buildings, which includes: loader (141) cases for consistent supply of prefabricated buildings (122) covers! means (132 or 214) for placing mold portions loadable material, intended for placing gasket material portions loadable into the prefabricated housing and! a molding machine for sequentially receiving housing covers from said loader and compression molding the molding material is loaded portions to form seals within the enclosure covers! characterized in that! said molding machine is a molding machine (30 or 160) with a vertical wheel that includes: mounted wheel (32 or 162) for rotation about a horizontal axis and a plurality of angularly spaced molds (72 or 164) located on said wheel! each of said molds includes a first segment (76 or 166) of the mold segment and a second (78) molds disposed radially outward from said first mold segment! one segment from among said first and second mold segments includes a socket for receiving a prefabricated housing covers, and the other segment of the number of said molds of the first and second segments includes a core (80 or 168) to come into contact with portion of the molding material is loaded within the housing and its compression molding. ! 2. The apparatus of claim 1, including means (126, 128) for sequentially


Uniaxial cylindrical cloaks have recently been proposed to prevent scattering of electromagnetic waves, i.e. to render objects invisible. In this paper frequency and time domain analysis of such a cloak has been carried out. Furthermore, influence of number of cloak layers on obtained invisibility has been studied, with special attention given to the cloak with just three layers that should be relatively easy to practically realize.


As a general rule, the orthogonal modulation scheme which is widely used for wireless communications is not appropriate for the high speed data transmission applications due to the low bandwidth efficiency. Therefore, to increase the bandwidth efficiency of the conventional orthogonal modulation, we propose the multi-code trans-(bi-)orthogonal modulation in this paper. It is the combined scheme of multi-code modulation and trans-orthogonal modulation. We can know that the bandwidth efficiency of the proposed scheme is better than that of the conventional orthogonal modulation. Additionally, the receiver complexity of the proposed scheme is lower than that of the conventional orthogonal modulation. The proposed scheme can be used for the physical layer of the high speed wireless digital data transmission applications such as multimedia communications system and high speed personal area networks.


If one of your patients is treated in a hospital emergency department (ED), chances are you engage in very little communication or coordination of care with the doctors who provided the care. So says a new study conducted by the Center for Studying Health System Change (HSC) for the nonprofit National Institute for Health Care Reform (NIHCR).


At all stages of the design and development of deposits required is the application of efficient and economical methods of wastewater treatment, the prevention of pollution of surface water and ground water waste. Methodical substantiation of research on creating environmentally friendly water treatment system, which is based on the filtration of sediment hydraulic dump box, has been achieved. The structure of a system and the sequence of the pilot studies has been offered. The effectiveness of such a water purification system is confirmed by the authors on the dredge site in Krasnovishersky district of the Perm region. The degree of purification of water 89,9-99,3%. Hydraulic dump considered as filtration and sorption system. Prospects of the blade in order to water recycling in the development of placer gold deposits exist.


Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the temporal and spatial expression of transforming growth factor ~ β1(TGF-β1) during distraction osteogenesis. Methods: Sixteen white New Zealand rabbits received bilateral mandibular osteotomy. After a one~week latency period, the distraction devices were activated with a rate of 0.5mm/12h for 7 days, followed by 5 weeks consolidation. Two rabbits were killed after 1,7,8,12 days and 2,3,5,7weeks postoperation, and all specimens were examined using immunohistochemistry. Results: The level of TGF-β1 got higher at the beginning of the distraction ,reached to the peak on the 7th day of distraction and dropped to the normal level at the end of the consolidation. Besides, the higher expression of TGF-β1 mainly in fibroblasts, undifferentiated mesenchymal cells and osteoblasts. Conclusion: TGF-β1 may play an important role in the distraction osteogenesis. We expect we can utilize the ectogenesis TGF-β1 to accelerate bone formation in the near future.


The trends of climate change and consequently global warming have put pressure on the urban environment and have led to serious environmental damages. The main objective of this study is to make a ten-year prediction of climatic parameters in Tehran in order to identify the impacts of climate change on urban environments and provide adaptation strategies to be used in future studies. For this purpose, artificial neural network (ANN) algorithms were employed. For the first time, a 30-year mean data of 'wind speed', 'dry-bulb temperature', 'wet-bulb temperature', 'mean daily temperature', 'dew point temperature', 'relative humidity' and 'precipitation' were investigated for their ten-year prediction using feed-forward ANN and back propagation algorithm. The root mean square error (RMSE) of the mentioned parameters in optimisation model was obtained to be 0.0307, 0.0625, 0.0566, 0.0382, 0.0214, 0.0758 and 0.0466, respectively. Annual temperature rise of 0.04°C and annual precipitation increase of 3.4 mm were also found to be likely to occur in Tehran by 2021.


LIFE AND EVOLUTION Definitions of Life Introduction RNA and Life Defining Life Imagining Cellular and Molecular Dimensions Key Points Additional Readings Earth and Evolution Introduction What Is Evolution? Earth History A Short History of the Study of Evolution Earth History as One Year Key Points Additional Readings BIOMOLECULES DNA, RNA, and Proteins Introduction Nucleic Acids Translation Amino Acids and Polypeptides Lipids Carbohydrates Key Points Additional Readings The Central Dogma and Beyond Introduction Ribosomal RNA Transfer RNA (tRNA) Messenger RNA Other Small Noncoding RNA Beyond the Central Dogma Key Points Additional Readings Ribosomes and Ribosomal RNA Introduction Ribosomes as Ribozymes Origin of the Ribosome Translation How Many rDNA Copies Are Needed? Mechanisms for Increasing rRNA Gene Copy Number Complexity of Ribosomes Key Points Additional Readings Structure of the Genetic Code Introduction Evolution of the Genetic Code Why a Triplet Codon? The First Genetic Code Life Before Translation Key Points Additional Readings DNA Replication Introduction Fidelity of Replication Variations of Replication Topology During Replication Replication of Chromosomes Key Points Additional Readings DNA Segregation Introduction Variations on DNA Segregation in Bacteria and Archaea Mitosis Variations in Mitosis and the Cell Cycle Variations in Chromosome Number Changes in DNA Amount through the Cell Cycle Meiosis Sexual Reproduction Key Points Additional Readings GENETICS Mendelian and Non-Mendelian Characters Introduction Alleles The Basics of Mendelian Inheritance Codominance, Incomplete Dominance, Overdominance, and Underdominance Epistasis Quantitative Trait Loci Recombination and Linkage Non-Mendelian Traits Key Points Additional Readings Population Genetics Introduction Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Population Size Life Histories Modes of Reproduction Key Points Additional Readings Alleles through Time Introduction Natural Selection Levels of Selection Random Genetic Drift Mating and Dispersal Gene Flow Other Factors Affecting Allelic Proportions Key Points Additional Readings Changes to DNA Introduction Classes of Mutations Causes of Mutations Mutation During Replication DNA Repair Genetic Recombination Key Points Additional Readings Infectious Changes to DNA: Viruses, Plasmids, Transposons, and Introns Introduction Integration Into Chromosomes Viruses Introns Transposable Elements Plasmids Key Points Additional Readings MULTICELLULARITY Multigene Families Introduction Ribosomal RNA Gene Family Globin Gene Family Bacterial Flagella Gene Family Laccase Gene Family Orthologs and Paralogs Polyploidization and Multigene Family Evolution Key Points Additional Readings Horizontal Gene Transfer Introduction Plasmids Viruses Symbionts and Organelles Parasites and Pathogens Origin of Gram Negative Bacteria Signs of HGT Introns Key Points Additional Readings Development: Part I-Cooperation among Cells Introduction Quorum Sensing Development in Animals Nematode Development Homeotic Genes and Proteins Arthropod Development Development in Vertebrates Hierarchy and Evolution of Homeotic Genes Key Points Additional Readings Development: Part II-Plants Introduction Plant Morphology Development in Plants Gene Expression during Development Formation of Leaves and Floral Organs Plants versus Animals Key Points Additional Readings Cancer Introduction Progression of Cancer Genes Involved in Cancer Types of Cancer Causes of Mutations in Carcinogenesis Hormones Key Points Additional Readings MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATIC METHODS Extraction and Quantification of Biological Molecules Introduction Extraction of Nucleic Acids Using CTAB Purification of Organellar DNA Extraction of RNA Quantification of Nucleic Acids Agarose Gel Electrophoresis Extraction of Proteins Quantification of Proteins Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis Key Points Additional Readings Recombinant DNA and Characterization of Biological Molecules Introduction Polymerase Chain Reaction Recombinant DNA Methods Southern Hybridization Determination of Gene Copy Number Microscopy Protein Analysis Key Points Additional Readings Sequencing and Alignment Methods Introduction Development of DNA Sequencing Methods High-Throughput Technologies Next-Generation Sequencing Protein Sequencing Sequence Homology Searches Aligning Sequences Key Points Additional Readings OMICS: Part I Introduction Genomics Transcriptomics Metagenomics/Metatranscriptomics Microbiomics Key Points Additional Readings OMICS: Part II Introduction Proteomics Structural Genomics RNAomics Epigenomics Metabolomics Functional Genomics Key Points Additional Readings Species Concepts and Phylogenetics Introduction What Is a Species? Classification of Life Reconstruction of Evolutionary History Phylogenetics Tree Terminology Choosing a Genomic Region for Phylogenetics Other Considerations When Performing Phylogenetic Analyses Models of Mutation Analyzing Aligned Sequences Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean Neighbor Joining Maximum Parsimony Maximum Likelihood Bayesian Phylogenetic Analysis Bootstrapping Vertical versus Horizontal Evolutionary Events Key Points Additional Readings Phylogenetic Networks and Reticulate Evolution Introduction Phylogenetic Analyses of Reticulate Events Advantages of Phylogenetic Networks Horizontal Gene Transfers Species Hybridization Recombination Transposition Reassortment Examples of Reticulate Evolution Events Key Points Additional Readings Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics Introduction Improvements in Sequencing and Phylogenomics What to Compare Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms Microsatellites and Minisatellites How to Compare Testing for Selection Incongruent Trees Comparative Genomics Synteny Key Points Additional Readings GENOMES RNA Viruses Introduction C-Value Paradox Genomes and Genomics RNA Virus Genomes Human Immunodeficiency Virus Influenza A Virus Ebola Virus Key Points Additional Readings DNA Viruses Introduction Bacteriophage X174 Bacteriophage Lambda ( ) Bacteriophage T4 Mimivirus Key Points Additional Readings Bacteria and Archaea Introduction Escherichia coli Photosynthetic Bacteria Aquifex Euryarchaeota Crenarchaeota Key Points Additional Readings Mutualists and Pathogens Introduction Termite Gut Microbes Smallest Bacterial Genome Coresident Symbionts Animal Parasite Genome Mixing and Sorting Key Points Additional Readings Endosymbionts and Organelles Introduction Intracellular Endosymbionts Mitochondria How Many Genes Make a Functional Mitochondrion? Chloroplasts How Many Genes Make a Functional Chloroplast? Differential Development and Function Chimeric Pathways Endosymbioses Leading to Other Organelles Key Points Additional Readings Protein Trafficking Introduction Signal Peptides in Bacteria Signal Peptide Systems in Eukarya Protein Trafficking in Mitochondria Protein Trafficking in Chloroplasts Evolution of Protein Trafficking Systems Key Points Additional Readings Eukaryotic Genomes Introduction Origin of the Nucleus and Mitochondrion Multicellularity Chromalveolata Opisthokonta Archaeplastida Key Points Additional Reading Human Genome Introduction The Human Genome Medical Genetics Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Forensics Human Migration Key Points Additional Readings


After 1991, the banking scenario has been changed completely, the impact of globalization and privatization has affected work culture of both public and private sector banks. The need for some form of employee or worker involvement was felt in the mid-1950s and 1960s, well after independence, and more by the government than by the employers because of the need of rapid industrialization. The greatest and widely accepted benefit of participation is the increased work ownership of employee. An employee is better able to relate himself/herself with his or her work and this improves performance and efficiency at work. This paper study the levels of employees participation at different hierarchical level in both public (SBI) and private (HDFC) sector banks in east region of Uttar Pradesh.To measure the participation level of employees, Psychological Participation Index (PPI) was used which was developed by A.P Singh and D.M Pestonjee. Further t-test, Chi- square test and ANOVA were applied and it emerged from the study that with the increase in hierarchical level the participation increases in SBI where as no such relationship was found in HDFC bank.


And routed the elongated member, wear, self-winding fabric sleeve to protect the elongated member from being exposed to heat and other environmental conditions, and its construction method. The sleeve includes an elongated walls constructed from interwoven yarn having a gap between the adjacent yarn and thread. At least one of the yarns, to form a wall as a self-winding wall to curl about the longitudinal axis of the sleeve, thermally formed at a certain temperature. Wall has an inner surface to provide a gap of generally tubular receive an elongate member. The wall also has an outer surface provided with a hardened layer on it. Cured layer, the yarns were cured at above a certain temperature, which is thermally formed on the self-winding with configuration, cured layer by filling a gap between the auxiliary yarn and the auxiliary yarn, the impermeable layer on the wall Form.


We address the problem of robust network localization in realistic mixed LOS/NLOS environments. We make use of the fact that the bias of range measurement errors is not only non-negative but also sparse when LOS dominates, which has been long overlooked in the existing literature. To exploit these two properties, we introduce a sparsity-promoting regularization term and relax the resulting optimization problem to a semi-definite programming (SDP) problem. The proposed method admits a neat mathematical formulation and is computationally cheap. Moreover, its global convergence is guaranteed and it achieves good robustness against NLOS measurements. In numerical results, the proposed method outperforms representative state-of-the-art SDP approaches, in terms of both localization accuracy and computational efficiency.


Bacterial infection is an urgent public health problem. We design a novel photo-responsive hybrid material by growing small molecules of curcumin (Cur) in situ on a sea urchin-like Bi2S3 surface by a one-step hydrothermal reaction method, thus forming an organic-inorganic hybrid material with interfacial contact. The Bi2S3/Cur hybrid material has good antibacterial effect under 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation. The antibacterial mechanism is that the electron redistribution at the interface of Bi2S3/Cur excited by 808 nm NIR light will cause a large number of electrons to gather on the side of Bi2S3, forming an internal electric field to drive the excited electrons from Bi2S3 to Cur, which accelerates the separation of photoexcited electron-hole pairs and enhances the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In conclusion, due to these synergistic effects of the photothermal properties of Bi2S3, the production of more ROS and the release of small molecules of Cur from traditional Chinese medicine in Bi2S3/Cur, the antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) is 99.96% and 99.03%, respectively. In vivo experiments in animals show that Bi2S3/Cur can reduce the inflammatory response and promote wound healing. This paper presents a simple, rapid and safe strategy for the treatment of wound infections with near-infrared light.


Cellular technologies have dramatically affected our culture and the way we communicate. High-feature cellular handsets have enabled a cornucopia of new addictive information services. Meanwhile, public safety workers frequently are given antiquated wireless technologies, some systems more than 15 years old, to perform the important job of saving the lives of others while risking their own. Achieving nationwide interoperability and migrating public safety to next generation networks is a complicated, variegated problem that requires solutions in multiple arenas. Using the strategic solutions of cellular communication networks with backup capabilities, public safety data prioritization mechanisms, software development standards, and a public safety MVNO.


The objective of study is to evaluate highway capacity estimation alternative and to develop capacity from statistical distribution of observed traffic flow.
 Speed-Volume relation is analyzed from vehicle's headway distribution eliminating the long headway by confidence intervals 99%, 95%, 90%. Capacity estimation alternatives were evaluated from 95%, 90%, 85% level of cummulative distribution of observed hourly traffic flow adjusted to confidence intervals.
 The result of investigation revealed that maximum hourly rate of flow is 2,130pcu at confidence interval of 99%, 2,233pcu at 95%, 2,315pcu at 90% respectively. Compared to the capacity of 2,200pcu per hour per lane used in HCM and KHCM(Korea Highway Capacity Manual), capacity appears to correspond to confidence interval of 95%.
 Using the traffic flow rate at confidence interval of 95%, the maximum hourly flow rate is 2,187pcu at 95% of cummulative volume distribution, 2,153pcu at 90%, 2,125pcu at 85%.
 The study suggests that rational capacity esimation alternative is to take the 95% of cummulative distribution of observed hourly traffic flow at 95% confidence headway interval eliminating 5% of long headway.(i.e. 95-95 rule)


8th Polish-Italian Judicial Colloquium: "Constitutional amendments in Italy and Poland from historical, theoretical and constitutional practice perspectives", dedicated to the memory of Dr. Stanisław Morawski. Mrągowo, 8–11 September 2021 The Faculty of Law and Administration of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń organised the 8th Polish-Italian Judicial Colloquium from 8 to 11 September 2021. The conference was devoted to the issues of constitutional amendments in Italy and Poland from historical, theoretical and constitutional practice perspectives. The Colloquium's partners were the Faculty of Law and Administration of the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn and the City of Mrągowo.


In this paper, we investigate the low-energy properties of the S = 1/2 anriferromagnetic quantum spin tube with the triangular lattice structure. Using the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method, we calculate the singlet-triplet excitation gap up to 144 triangles along the leg direction. Analyzing the size dependence of the gap, we find that the system is gapful for a 1.2.


In a lecture on the clinical development of lidocaine by T. Gordh in 1985, he finished with the following words: "To one who took part in the pioneering research in the pharmacological and clinical action of Xylocaine , it is gratifying to find that the original observations, may be simple according to modern requirements, stands up so well when apprised in the light of later findings and critiques. In the last analysis, only long documented clinical fitness for use can assure the survival of a drug. Xylocaine has, for more than three decades, stood the test as a reliable and highly efficient local anesthetic" (see Supplemental Digital Content 4, http://links.lww.com/ALN/A652).


Harnessing the opportunities of emerging information technologies is one of the great challenges companies are facing today. To successfully master digital transformation, organizations need leaders who can grasp the opportunities of digitalization for their business and transform them into new business models. Aiming at providing empirical evidence regarding competencies sought by practitioners for managing digital transformation, we analyze 239 job advertisements targeting digital transformation experts and examine the skills and traits explicitly called for. Our results reveal that technical skills and in-depth expertise in information technologies play only a secondary role in job requirement profiles. Like in earlier strategic change processes, digital transformation experts should primarily possess collaboration, strategic thinking, leadership, customer orientation, and communication skills. Moreover, in contrast to purely conceptual studies limited to skills and abilities, our analyses emphasize the importance of specific personality traits, such as proactivity and creativity, since these are often explicitly mentioned in corresponding job advertisements.


Although the relationship between multinationality and firm performance has attracted attention among the international business researchers, it still remains unconfirmed. This study, therefore, is aimed at clarifying the relationship through refining the measurement of multinationality and examining how the relationship varies with a firm's degree of product diversification. Based on a sample of 231 Korean manufacturing firms, we find that the structural dimension of multinationality has a U-curved relationship with firm performance while the performance-related dimension of multinationality shows an inverted horizontal S-shaped relationship. The relationship is not moderated by the degree of product diversification. This study concludes with several limitations and suggestions for future studies.


In the current aesthetic debate fictional emotions has been seen as a challenge for rationality. In this essay I shall examine the notion of "rationality of the emotions" from six different points of view: its cognitive basis, its intentionality, its ability to influence thoughts, its motivational force, its contribution to adaptation and maximization of wellbeing. The aim is to demonstrate that fictional emotions are completely integrated in the paradigm of rationality


Mine ventilation system is one of the eight systems of underground mining in metal and nonmetal mines,the set up and reliable operation of ventilation system play very important roles in underground mining.As an important area in mining industry in China,with abundant mining resources,Yunnan Province has many mining companies,of which are small scale mines.And those small mines have not yet come to realize the importance to set up ventilation system.The paper brings up several ways to the set up of small mines ventilation system in accordance with some problems that they face,in order to guarantee safe and stable underground mining for those small mines.


Going back at least to Duhem, there is a tradition of thinking that crucial experiments are impossible in science. I analyse Duhem's arguments and show that they are based on the excessively strong assumption that only deductive reasoning is permissible in experimental science. This opens the possibility that some principle of inductive inference could provide a sufficient reason for preferring one among a group of hypotheses on the basis of an appropriately controlled experiment. To be sure, there are analogues to Duhem's problems that pertain to inductive inference. Using a famous experiment from the history of molecular biology as an example, I show that an experimentalist version of inference to the best explanation (IBE) does a better job in handling these problems than other accounts of scientific inference. Furthermore, I introduce a concept of experimental mechanism and show that it can guide inferences from data within an IBE-based framework for induction. 1. Introduction2. Duhem on the Logic of Crucial Experiments3. 'The Most Beautiful Experiment in Biology'4. Why Not Simple Elimination?5. Severe Testing6. An Experimentalist Version of IBE 6.1. Physiological and experimental mechanisms6.2. Explaining the data6.3. IBE and the problem of untested auxiliaries6.4. IBE-turtles all the way down7. Van Fraassen's 'Bad Lot' Argument8. IBE and Bayesianism9. Conclusions Introduction Duhem on the Logic of Crucial Experiments 'The Most Beautiful Experiment in Biology' Why Not Simple Elimination? Severe Testing An Experimentalist Version of IBE 6.1. Physiological and experimental mechanisms6.2. Explaining the data6.3. IBE and the problem of untested auxiliaries6.4. IBE-turtles all the way down Physiological and experimental mechanisms Explaining the data IBE and the problem of untested auxiliaries IBE-turtles all the way down Van Fraassen's 'Bad Lot' Argument IBE and Bayesianism Conclusions


This paper deals with the mathematical optimization of electricity generation of a domestic energy system with different electricity generation systems: a small combined heat and power (CHP) plant, a battery system, and a photovoltaic (PV) system, and simultaneously the optimization of shiftable electric loads. Due to the intermittent availability of renewable sources it is necessary to store the surplus energy in times of higher generation and to provide energy in times of lower generation. Currently electricity storage systems are not economically well developed to store high amounts of energy for long periods of time. An alternative option to expensive electricity storage would be to shift electric loads into periods of time high electricity generation which would be more efficient and cost saving. In fact, beside the optimization of electricity generation it is also possible to optimize simultaneously the electric shiftable loads. This method should not only be cost saving and effective but more efficient compared to the conventional demand side management methods (DSM). In the traditional DSM method, the peak demand is moved in times of lower demand, which not necessarily is the most cost saving method. The optimization should reduce the total costs of the entire system.


Trust plays a significant role in social relations. Automatic trust prediction has become an important research area recently. However, trust-prediction is still an ill-defined problem. There is no concrete definition of trust that can be found in literature, mostly it is task-specific so far. In this paper, a generic definition of trust has been borrowed from psychology, which includes three facets of trust namely predictability, dependability, and faith. To understand the role and influence of these facets we have crowd-sourced a Twitter network data through Amazon Mechanical Turk and Rapid Workers. People were asked to rate their followers/followings (aka friends) on a Likert scale ranging from 0 to 5 (0 as low and 5 as high) into these three facets. Then to understand ' who trusts whom' in a social network user level personality (aka person level sentiment) and their societal traits in terms of values (societal sentiment) has been analyzed. For the personality analysis, the Big 5 or the OCEAN model (Openness, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism) has been used and to understand the sociological sentiment the Schwartz values (Achievement, Benevolence, Conformity, Hedonism, Power, Security, Self-Direction, Stimulation, Traditional, and Universalism) has been utilized. Empirical results reveal several interesting insights of trust relations in societal relations.


Objective To investigate the incompatibility of omeprazole sodium for injection.Methods Domestic literatures of omeprazole sodium for injection in recent years were summarized and analyzed.Results Omeprazole sodium for injection was incompatible with many drugs.Adding other drugs into omeprazole sodium for injection could result in the change of the external appearance of solution.The pH value,temperature and light could affect the stability of omeprazole sodium for injection.Conclusion Omeprazole sodium for injection is incompatible with many drugs.It should be added into 0.9% NS in clinical infusion,and the infusion should be finished within 4 h.


To diagnose the fault in the pitch actuator of wind turbines which causes the change in pitch angles, a fault diagnosis method is proposed in this study. The method combines the interval prediction algorithm with the recursive subspace identification based on the variable forgetting factor algorithm. First, the recursive subspace identification based on the variable forgetting factor algorithm is used to estimate the linear parameter-varying model of the wind turbine, which solves the model uncertainty. Second, considering the boundary problem described by model uncertainties, the interval prediction algorithm is introduced based on the basis of the identification results. Moreover, whether the fault occurs or not is determined by judging whether the pitch angle is in the range of the upper and lower bounds. Thus, the robustness of fault detection is improved. Finally, the proposed approach is validated by simulation experiments.


The podocopid ostracodes Microceratina quadrata n.gen. n.sp. (family Bythocytheridae), Tanella dedeckkeri n.sp., Kangarina unispinosa n.sp., 'Loxoconcha' tubmani n.sp., and Microxestoleberis triangulata n.sp. are described from Recent sediments collected around Port Pegasus, Stewart Island. Description is based on aspects of carapace morphology considered taxonomically important, since none of the recovered specimens described retained soft parts.


The Conference of Law Societies recently released its 2018 'National Profile of Solicitors', which provides a detailed picture of what the modern legal profession looks like and how it is changing. The report builds on similar surveys conducted in 2011, 2014, and 2016.


The present study provides new empirical evidence on the impact of economic freedom on Islamic banks' performance. The empirical analysis focuses on Islamic banks operating in the MENA banking sectors during the period 2000–2008. We find that the larger, more diversified, and better capitalized Islamic banks tend to be relatively more profitable, while credit risk and expense preference behavior seem to exert negative impact. The findings suggest that greater financial freedom positively influence the profitability of Islamic banks operating in the MENA banking sectors. Interestingly, the impact of monetary freedom is negative implying that higher (lower) monetary policy independence reduces (increases) Islamic banks' profitability, providing support to the benefits of government interventions.


Intra-arterial histamine was found to increase significantly the walking tolerance of a small series of cases of obliterative peripheral arterial disease with intermittent claudication. Physiologic determinations during injection show tachycardia, increased cardiac output, increased stroke volume and increased homolateral femoral arteriovenous oxygen difference. The similarity of these results to those caused by arteriovenous fistulas is noted.


Mediterranean Foresight Forum N ew challenges are reshaping the international order, requiring government leaders to consider new strategies and tools that integrate diplomatic, economic and military instruments of power. Nowhere is this more evident than around the Mediterranean Sea which has re-emerged as a region of global strategic importance, where political tensions, armed conflict, economic and social instability and transnational criminal networks demand solutions that cross traditional institutional boundaries of domestic and international policymaking. The geopolitical situation on the southern coast of the Mediter-ranean has radically changed. The European Union (EU), United States (US) and their regional partners face serious challenges there. Long-lasting issues such as the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, or the tensions between Turkey and Greece, continue, but new problems have overtaken them following the 2011 Arab Spring. maintain a significant military presence in and around the Medi-terranean, but military capabilities must be nested within a whole-of-government, international approach. The challenges in this region demand unprecedented levels of civil-military and intergovernmental cooperation even as political dynamics with the United States and Europe suggest a possible retrenchment. In this context, RAND established the Mediterranean Foresight Forum (MFF) in 2015 to support the development of comprehensive , integrated civil-military responses to complex regional challenges through an innovative combination of research, scenario based sensitivity analysis and strategic-level exercises. This publication is part of a series of four RAND Perspectives (PEs), each focusing on different challenges in the Mediterranean region. Other PEs cover the issues of Defence and Security, Criminal Activities and Cross-cutting Challenges. • The political and security dynamics of the Mediterranean region continue to evolve in response to the Arab uprisings. US and European foreign policy in the region is struggling to keep up. • The objective of US and European foreign policy for the next five years must, at a minimum, be to avoid a further deterioration of regional stability due to state collapse or further inroads from terrorist groups. • Three countries along the southern littoral pose the biggest challenges: Egypt, Tunisia and Libya. Conditions in these three states are intertwined and a coordinated approach is needed. • The central problems of migration and terrorism will likely require a greater investment of resources from both sides of the Atlantic. • To better coordinate these efforts, key European and US leaders should hold senior-level discussions to define their regional objectives and assess their tools and levers of influence.


The purpose of this paper is to apply some core general principles of political economy to central issues of policy and governance. After a short section explaining the nature of the science of political economy, we start with Polanyi's principle of the disembedded economy, and how this relates to cycles and waves of policymaking concerning the double movement and the relationship between markets, reciprocity and redistribution. Then we go on to scrutinise the principle of contradiction, paying special attention to the importance of capital-labor relations, the finance-industry dichotomy, monopoly versus competition, profit and the environment, plus individual versus society. Thereafter the principle of circular and cumulative causation is linked to social and production aspects of complex systems of political economy. And lastly we examine the principle of uneven development and how crucial this is to policy-making institutions as the world undergoes asymmetries of financial instability, climate change and cycle dynamics. Core principles thus provide a good grounding for general policy purposes when activist governance measures are required to improve human and environmental provisioning.


Solid still residues (KF-12, KF-20, and KF-30) are examined for use in the inhibition of acid corrosion of steel. As the KF content of the sulfuric acid increases, the corrosion rate of the St1 steel specimen in a given acid solution decreases. The inhibiting capacity of KF in concentrated solutions of sulfuric acid is higher than in dilute ones. The best protective action is obtained in 6-8 N acid. In a binary mixture of acids good results are given by a mixture of KF with sodium chloride. The results show that KF, which are byproducts of synthesis of organophosphorus compounds, can be successfully used as inhibitors of acid corrosion of steel.


FIGURE 38. General morphology of Houghia pallida sp. nov. a. Dorsal habitus. b. Frontal view of head. c. Lateral habitus. d. Posterior view of male terminalia. e. Lateral view of male terminalia. f. Ventral view of sternite 5 + segments 7 + 8.


Thermal effects of magmatic intrusion on electrical properties, of magnetic rocks from Hamamat sediments, NE desert, Egypt, were investigated experimentally. An intrusion of granitic magma was intruded in the Hamamat sediments, which is a mixture (mainly magnetite with sandstone) and due to the thermal effect the area around it was altered, with different degrees and magnetite was transformed into hematite with different degrees according to its location. Complex impedance measurements were performed in the frequency range from 10 Hz to 100 KHz. Experimental data indicates that the electrical properties vary strongly with distance. The conductivity of hematite is higher than that of magnetite. As we move from magnetite to hematite it is supposed that the conductivity will decrease, but it was found that the conductivity increases. The increase of conductivity as we move from magnetite to hematite were argued to the heating that make partial or complete melting of the samples, then the porosity of the samples were decreased and accordingly the conductivity and dielectric constant increase. Also, it was supposed that the grains of the conductor in the samples are coated completely or isolated with insulator material.


Background: The irreversible ErbB family blocker afatinib and the reversible EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib were compared in the multicenter, international, randomized, head-to-head phase 2b LUX-Lung 7 trial (LL7) for first-line treatment of advanced EGFR mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (EGFRm+ NSCLC). We aimed to assess the cost and health outcomes of afatinib and gefitinib in this setting. Method: A partitioned survival model was designed to assess the cost-effectiveness of afatinib versus geftinib in the French context for EGFRm+ NSCLC. Outcomes and safety are taken primarily from the head-to-head LL7 trial. Only direct medical costs were considered. Resources use and utilities were derived from the trial, expert panel and published literature. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) were calculated in the common EGFR population and also, in the sub-groups with EGFR Exon 19 deletion (del 19) and EGFR Exon 21 L858R (L858R) mutation over a 10 year-time horizon. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. Results: For common EGFR+ NSCLC, the ICER of afatinib versus gefitinib was €45,211 per QALY (with a gain of 0.170 QALYs, and an incremental cost of €7,697). The ICERs for del 19 and L858R populations were €38,970 and €52,518 respectively. Afatinib had a probability of 100% to be cost-effective at a willingness-to-pay threshold of €70,000 for patients with common EGFR mutation, and also in the del 19 and L858R subgroups. Conclusion: Afatinib is a cost-effective treatment compared to geftinib in patients with EGFRm+ NSCLC with an ICER varying between €38,970/QALYs and €52,518/QALYS.


This paper investigates the problem of robust guaranteed control for sampled-data systems with time-varying norm-bounded parametric uncertainties in the state matrix and input matrix. Attention is focused on the design of a causal dynamic output feedback sampled-data controller which guarantees the asymptotical stability of the closed-loop system and the quadratic performance index less than a certain bound for all admissible uncertainties. Sufficient condition for the solvability of the problem is presented in terms of a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). It is shown that the desired guaranteed cost controller can be constructed by solving certain LMIs. An illustrative example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


The invention provides a tea withering machine, comprising a frame, an electric cabinet and a case on the rear part of the frame. A feeding and conveying belt for delivering tealeaves into the case is arranged on the frame in front of the case; small vent holes are densely arranged on the conveying belt, and a heating and cooling air supplying device is positioned under the conveying belt; the case is divided into a tealeaves treating chamber and an air treatment chamber by a separating plate with respective air inlets and outlets at both sides; the air treatment chamber is provided with a temperature and humidity treatment device for recirculation air, and a blower; the blower is connected with the air outlets of the separating plate; the tealeaves treating chamber is provided with an air exhausting device and a multi-layer tealeaves distributing and conveying belt; the tealeaves distributing and conveying belt is used to support the tealeaves on the feeding and conveying belt, and deliver downward the tealeaves layer-by-layer; a conveying belt for the discharge tealeaves is arranged at the lower part of a discharge port of the lowest tealeaves distributing and conveying belt; a circulating and back-feeding device for delivering the tealeaves to a hopper is arranged between one end of the conveying belt for the discharge tealeaves and the hopper; a receiving chute is positioned below the other end of the conveying belt for the discharge tealeaves; a temperature and humidity sensor connected with an input end of a control system is arranged in the tealeaves treatment chamber. The tea withering machine has the advantages of saved space and excellent withering effects.


In this work, Fatigue tests have been performed to investigate the fatigue damage process for two kinds ofplain carbon steels, (low and high carbon steels) . The effect of pre-strain process on fatigue crack initiation and fatigue strength has been examined. The main results obtained are summarized as follows: (1) In the case of low carbon steel (0.15%C) , the fatigue limit of ~ ~ ' 0 % (non-pre-strained specimen) is higher than or equal to those of ~,=2% and %=5% prestrained specimens and lower than that of &,=8% pre-strained specimens. (2) In the case of high carbon steel (0.46%C), the fatigue limit of ~ ~ ' 0 % (non-pre-strained specimen) is higher than those of cp=2%, 5% and 8% pre-strained specimens . (3) Though the fatigue limits of pre-strained specimens are lower than those of non-pre-strained specimen , the fatigue limits increase according to the increasing of pre-strain percentage for both of tested material. Most of plain carbon steels are practically used after plastic deformation caused by tensile or bending process . It will be consider that it is very important to investigate the effect of preManuscript received from Dr. A.M. ABOELAINENE on : 31/5/2000 Accepted on : 15/7/2000 Engineering Research Bulletin, Vol 23,No 4, 2000 Minufiya University, Faculty of Engineering, Shebien El-Kom , Egypt, ISSN 1110-1180 from the crack of pearlite block and the plastic slip between ferrite grain and pearlite block which appeared after pre-straining process. Finally, it seems to be clear that the fatigue crack initiation is highly affected by the wkak field of plastic slip which appeared in pearlite block after pre-straining. From this study, the following conclusions may be drawn : 1. In the case of tensile test, the plastic slip is generated in the boundary area between ferrite ga in and pearlite block by total strain of 5% for material A (low carbon steel), and the cracks are observed in pearlite block by the total strain of 4.8% for material B (high carbon steel). 2. In the case of material A, the fatigue limit of pre-strained zy=2% is lower than that of sp=O% On the other hand, the fatigue limit of pre-strained zp=5% IS equal to that of cp=O%, and the fatigue limit of pre-strained ~ ~ ' 8 % is higher than that of zp=O%. 3. In the case of inaterial B, the fatigue limit of non-pre-strained zp=O% is higher than those of pre-strained s,=2.5% and 8%, respectively. 4. The fatigue limit of pre-strained specimen is lower than the nonpre-strained ones, and the fatigue limit increases due to the increasing of pre-strain for both of tested materials.


The presentation of leukemic antigens can be improved in AML and MDS by in vitro conversion of leukemic cells in leukemia-derived DC (DC leu ), thereby forming a platform for the generation of leukemia-specific cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL). In preliminary analyses we could already define optimal serum-free culture conditions, generate and characterize DC from 55 MDS- and 99 AML-cases and characterize their T-cell activating function (Kufner S. 2005 I-III). DC/DC leu were quantified according to their surface DC /blast -marker profiles. However in 6/30% of cases with AML/MDS less than 10% of DC could be generated and only 50–60% of leukemic cells were convertible to DC leu . Therefore we tested 5 alternative methods to improve the harvest of DC/DC leu in 99 AML and 55 MDS-patients (1) 'MCM-mimic' (Lee, 2003), 2) 'Ca-Ionophore' (Houtenbos, 2003), 3) 'Picibanil' (Sato, 2003), 4) 'Cytokines' (Westers, 2003) and 5) 'Poly I:C' (Rouas, 2004)). 1. Although the percentual harvest of DC/DCleu was comparable in all of the methods (28–40% DC, with 45–65% of those DC being DC leu and about 47% of blasts being convertible to DC leu ) not every method was successful in individual patients. 2. However we could demonstrate that DC can be generated from every sample with at least one of the following methods: MCM-mimic, Ca-Ionophore and Picibanil. 3. Highest DC/DC leu yield was seen in monocytoid differentiated FAB-types and was independent of the cytogenetic risk. 4. Many 'DC-surface markers' can be aready expressed on naive blasts in AML/MDS-patients before there conversion to DC leu . Moreover the 'DC-marker expression' is variable in individual patients and culture methods. In summary our data show 1. that the generation of DC/DC leu is possible independent from the karyotype in every patient under serum-free conditions with at least one of the 3 methods MCM-mimic, Ca-Ionophore and Picibanil. 2. The overall percentual harvest of DC leu from MNC-fractions after culture in the 5 methods compared is low. Possibly a combination of the optimal method with optimal 'DC- and blast markers' in every single case could improve the detectability and quantification of DC/DC leu and residual blasts. This contributes to improve the generability and quality of DC leu to stimulate and expand anti-leukemia-directed T-cells for the immunotherapy of AML and MDS.


Worldwide there are millions of blind people and even more number of visually impaired people. Disability of optical text and image reading features a huge impact on the standard of life for visually disabled people. Although there are several devices designed for providing a helping hand to the visually disabled to work out objects using an alternating sense like sound and touch, the event of text reading and image narrating devices are still at a nascent stage. In the current scenario, systems involving image captioning or text recognition are generally limited either by explicitly hoping on color and shape identification or by requiring manual assistance or even thanks to the high cost. Therefore, a low-cost and effective system is presented that can be automatically mapped and helps to skim the text clearly yet explain images to visually impaired people. Our important objective is to acknowledge the text character and pictures present in books, novels, letters, etc. and explain the content in sequence through speech signals just like the human narration.


Potassium antimonate was used to precipitate calcium in the cochlea of the guinea‐pig. The distribution of the calcium antimonate precipitates was analysed by electron microscopy. The precipitate density was determined in different cell types in the organ of Corti by counting the number of calcium binding sites in a 10‐μm2 area. The size of the precipitates varied considerably, and thus the relative amount of the precipitable calcium was estimated only semi‐quantitatively. As the prominent carbon signal is superimposed over the nearby small Ca2+ ‐edge signals, the combined signal of the antimony M4,5‐edge and the oxygen K‐edge of the calcium antimonate salt formed was chosen for the semi‐quantitative estimation. Images of the inelastically scattered electrons of the precipitates at ΔE = 570 eV were recorded by electron spectroscopic imaging. The area covered by the calcium precipitates within a given cell type was determined in different ultrathin sections of the same organ of Corti by an image processing system.


Moderate to severe chronic pain is one of the main symptoms of cancer. Most of the patients require strong analgesics administration from the third degree of the analgesic ladder as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Bowel dysfunctions, such as constipation are typical side effects during treatment with opioids. In this article one form of causal treatment was presented. It consisted in replacing previously used opioids to oxycodone/naloxone as prolonged release tablets. In addition the problem of co-existing risk factors of constipation and the treatment of pain in patients with cognitive impairment were submitted.


[Purpose] Physical activity is an important parameter of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but it has not been studied in detail in patients with non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). This study aimed to evaluate the physical activity of patients with NTM. [Subjects and Methods] The numbers of steps of 13 stable female NTM patients and 10 stable male COPD patients were monitored using an accelerometer for 2 weeks, and the results of both groups were compared with the number of steps of healthy subjects of the same age. [Results] The average number of steps of the NTM patients was 6632 ± 2202 steps/day, with 9 (69%) patients exceeding the reference value. On the other hand, the average number of steps of the COPD patients was 3643 ± 1770 steps/day, and only one (10%) exceeded the reference value. [Conclusion] It was revealed that the amount of physical activity of the NTM patients was significantly higher than that of the COPD patients.


Some months ago I went into a third-grade classroom and found the teacher and pupils engaged in a drama which was staged for the purpose of teaching children how to cross a street. In my boyhood crossing a street was not an adventure. I can imagine the unbridled mirth which would have been released in i88o if someone had suggested in a meeting of a citizens' committee on taxation that children in a third grade, or any other grade, be taught in school how to cross a street. It is true that the casualty-insurance companies of this country, controlled and directed by hard-headed leaders of the modern industrial system, are willing to spend a very respectable sum of money each year to carry on vigorous propaganda for the introduction of safety education into schools. These leaders, when they are thinking about humanity-and the profits which come to casualtyinsurance companies as a result of the lengthening of human lifeare filled with pride at the statistics which show the decline in accidents in those cities where safety education has flourished. Of course, when these same leaders sit on citizens' committees on taxation, they abhor all "fads and frills," and, forgetting for the moment that it was they themselves who pushed safety education into the curriculum, join in an angry chorus of protests against the teaching of anything except the three R's, which they solemnly declare to be the only really legitimate contents of instruction in the good old American citizenship school. I am not here to advocate either the introduction of safety education into the curriculum or its withdrawal from the schools. I am merely trying to find words of one syllable which may possibly appeal to the hysterical bankers and business men who are engaged in


In this paper, I researched about the effect factors which appear by using the digital textbook. Above all, I picked up 5 effect factors of society digital textbook through analysis reports of research schools, interview with expert of digital textbook and survey targeting students and teachers. And I confirmed the validity of them through a delphi survey targeting 15 experts of digital textbook. I expect the result of this paper is used to prove the effect of digital textbook.


In light of certain recent events, such as a search and seizure conducted at one of the major law firms by the Prosecutor's Office, vigorous discussion has surfaced in South Korea concerning the absence of and need for the so-called "legal professional privilege" or "attorneyclient privilege." In fact, back in 2009, "attorney-client privilege" almost found its way into Korean jurisprudence, when the Seoul High Court affirmed a lower court's finding that US-style attorney-client privilege can be derived from the Korean constitution's "right to counsel," existing laws, and the fact that attorney-client privilege exists in many other jurisdictions. This case, however, was later reversed by the Supreme Court. A careful examination of each of these grounds for attorney-client privilege, with the analytical tools provided by the body of case law and scholarship concerning attorney-client privilege in the US, makes clear why these alleged grounds for finding such a privilege in Korea fell short of expectations. Amidst recent discussions, which often revive these same grounds that previously failed, a straightforward approach reviewing the fundamentals of attorney-client privilege appears to be all the more necessary.


The weighted coefficient optimization method has been applied to a small watershed management in Danjiangkou reservoir area.It gives different weighted coefficients to each objective function and changes multi-objective issue into single objective.The sound answer can be gotten through solving the single objective issue.The method not only simplifies the issue and saves time and labor,but also improves the accuracy of calculations.It is scientific and effective for a given period of time.After planning with it,in view of ecological vegetation,soil erosion can be effectively controlled,natural disasters can be mitigated,and water quality in water source areas can be purified.In view of society and economy,the purpose for farmers' income increment and people affluence may be achieved.


Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) typically presents with a combination of sensory and motor impairments. Tremor is recognized as a common and debilitating feature in CIDP, although the underlying mechanisms are unclear.


The Dualized Standard Model offers a {\it raison d'\^etre} for 3 fermion generations and an explanation for their distinctive mass and mixing patterns, reproducing to a reasonable accuracy the empirical mixing matrix and mass spectrum for both quarks and leptons in terms of just a few parameters. With its parameters thus fixed, the result is a highly predictive framework. In particular, it is shown that it gives explicit parameter-free predictions for neutrinoless double beta decays. For $^{76}Ge$, it predicts a half-life of $10^{28}-10^{30}$ years, which satisfies the present experimental lower bound of $1.8 \times 10^{25}$ years.


In this paper, wepresent a comparative study on temperature-dependent spectroscopic characteristics and L-band amplifier performance for aluminum-rich erbium-doped fiber (EDF) and in-house fabricated phosphorus co-doped EDF. Different pumping configurations were studied to conclude that the pump wavelength of 980 nm with unequal forward/backward pump powers exhibited better temperature stability. Phosphorus EDF provided 19.4±1.4 dB gain and 4.6±0.2 dB noise figure (NF) from 1575–1615 nm at room temperature (RT), for a multi-channel input signal of −25 dBm in each channel, whereas the aluminum-rich EDF provided 20.3±5.1 dB gain and 5.3±0.8 dB NF. Using a single-channel input signal of −25 dBm at 1625 nm, phosphorus EDF maintained >10 dB gain with a 9.6 dB and 12 dB gain increment than aluminum-rich EDF at RT and −60 °C, respectively. The temperature-dependent gain (TDG) coefficient from 1575–1615 nm was in the range −0.006 to −0.044 dB/°C for phosphorus EDF and 0.011 to −0.023 dB/°C for aluminum-rich EDF, over the temperature range −60 to +80 °C. We propose a hybrid L-band amplifier concatenating aluminum-rich EDF with phosphorus EDF, to suppress the temperature dependence of phosphorus EDF and improve the gain bandwidth restriction of aluminum-rich EDF. The hybrid EDF exhibited multi-channel 20.9±3.9 dB gain and 3.7±0.6 dB NF from 1575–1615 nm at RT. The TDG coefficient of the hybrid EDF remained almost constant from 1585–1615 nm, contributing to a temperature-insensitive gain flatness.


Background: Hypothermia, infections and ineffective breastfeeding are some of the commonest cause of deaths among premature and low birth weight infants. Kangaroo mother care is a well-known intervention to address the issues related to preterm births, such as hypothermia, infection and prolonged hospitalisation. Methods: This study was carried out in a tertiary care centre in Bengaluru on all preterm neonates of birth weight less than 2500 grams with stable hemodynamic conditions over a period of 18 months. Gestational age assessed by the new Ballard's score, within 24 hours of life and anthropometry details of the neonate were recorded at 24 hours of life by the single observer. Kangaroo mother care was given for a minimum of one hour at a stretch per day and the effect on the preterm neonate in terms of hospital stay was assessed. Results: Kangaroo mother care has positive effects on the infants growth, neurodevelopmental outcome, reduction in the morbidities associated with preterm infants, and breastfeeding practices in mothers of preterm neonates. Conclusions: The study promotes awareness of KMC on preterm neonates considering all the benefits and positive effects of KMC on the infant as well as baby, and to the family and nation amongst the health care personnel as well as the society.


The Example In 1965. in the Midwest Region of Nigeria. an extremely remote village had a special surprise whenever an American came to visit. The visitor was taken to a semi-cleared area just outside the central area of the village. There. on proud display, were dozens of pieces of heavy farming equipment-tractors, graders, etc. Each bore the U.S.A.I.D. "handshake" emblem and the inscription: "A gift from the people of the United States of America." The equipment had been there for five years, never touched. and was in an unredeemable state of disrepair and decay. No one for a hundred miles knew the first thing about operating the equipment. This story. all too familiar to Americans by now, illustrates graphically a pressing problem in contemporary educational theory: the adaptation and use of current knowledge. There are vast areas of knowledge. social, technical, psychological. and scientific, that have hardly been adapted to philosophy of education. Worse. many areas have been superficially adapted which serves to throw suspicion upon what little confidence educators. politicians. and academicians have in educational theory. One of the few philosphers of education to focus actively on this problem was Lawrence K. Frank (1890-1968). Possibly because he never did formal graduate work in the field, or possibly because he practiced philosophy through program development rather than teaching, he did not fall victim to the usual obstacles. In a similar way to Harold Rugg's "Leave-No-Stone-Unturned " approach. Frank constantly argued that all "current" knowledge was somehow "relevant." He further asserted that if there were such a thing as "irrelevant" knowledge, it was only of the archaicvariety -Le.• outdated. This does not mean that Frank felt all "old" knowledge to be irrelevant. On the contrary, he felt quite strongly that many long-held concepts, such as the importance of physical exercise and the primacy of


The potential use of Irish-grown Sitka spruce for cross-laminated timber (CLT) manufacture is investigated as this would present new opportunities and novel products for Irish timber in the home and export markets. CLT is a prefabricated multi-layer engineered wood product made of at least three orthogonally bonded layers of timber. In order to increase rigidity and stability, successive layers of boards are placed cross-wise to form a solid timber panel. Load-bearing CLT wall and floor panels are easily assembled on site to form multi-storey buildings. This improves construction and project delivery time, reduces costs, and maximises efficiency on all levels. The paper addresses the quality of the interface bond between the laminations making up the panels, which is of fundamental importance to the load-bearing capacity. Furthermore, in order to assess the adhesive performance, which is an essential parameter in terms of the production process, three different values of pressure of 0.6 N/mm 2 , 0.8 N/mm 2 and 1.0 N/mm 2 were used for specimens manufacturing. In total, 240 shear tests were carried out on glue lines and on reference solid wood specimens. Moreover, delamination tests were performed on samples subjected to accelerated aging, in order to assess the durability of bonds subjected to severe environmental conditions. The test results of bond quality presented in this study were within requirements of prEN 16351:2013. Even the lowest pressure of 0.6 N/mm 2 applied during manufacturing of the specimens is sufficient for Irish Sitka spruce in terms of the shear strength requirements. However, factors influencing this quality include: the adhesive type, the spread rate, the clamping pressure, and most importantly rolling shear. Therefore, in order to assess the potential use of Irish-grown Sitka spruce for CLT, all these factors need to be addressed in the ongoing project.


Abstract From ancient times , the rendering of celebrity biographies roughly divided into three phases: the period of type plate printing, graphic printing period and the "e-books" period.In the past, celebrity biographies are mostly produced in the form of a paper presentation. The first celebrity biography is based on the type plate printings whilst modern celebrity biography gradually evolved along with the ongoing progress in printing. The best example would be the form of illustrated text followed by the movable type printing presentations of strong performance, and contemporary celebrity biography with the human reading in different ways. The evolution into digital reading (eBook), celebrity biographies has digitalised compared to the traditional celebrity biography and has yet added more Interactive multimedia , new performing elements. As moving as it may be, these are only limited to keyboards and mouses, still unable to provide users with a realistic and profound experience. The following creative themes for high somatosensory celebrity biographies, will be expanded to import celebrity biography of the reality described in the era of celebrity / great growth story for the subject for the first time. Which in this example would be the goddess of the sea, Mazu. The story describes Mazu before her enlightenment in the spiritual path, with a total of eight chapters encompassing : Mazu's birthday, to learn tirelessly, seeking great mentors, apocalyptic disasters, the torments through great grieves, yielding of the demons, parting with the loved ones and her final soaring enlightenment at the Mei mountain. All these chapters presented through augmented reality to give the viewers a brand new visual experience. And a detailed note of recorded production steps and processes, which encompasses: designing the characters, clothing scene exploration , contextual designing and storyboarding. The 3D model animations and cross-platform rendering synthesis in the creative processes using 3dsMax, UnifeyeSDK Unfold 3D, Photoshop, Illustrator, and other softwares tools for users to reference from.


We present six recommendations for building theories of work motivation that are more valid, more complete, broader in scope, and more useful to practitioners than existing theories. (1) Integrate extant theories by using existing meta-analyses to build a megatheory of work motivation. (2) Create a boundaryless science of work motivation. (3) Study the various types of relationships that could hold between general (trait) and situationally specific motivation. (4) Study subconscious as well as conscious motivation. (5) Use introspection explicitly in theory building. (6) Acknowledge the role of volition in human action when formulating theories.


Resumen en: The aim of this paper is to present some approximation criterion for discrete fuzzy dynamical systems G(un)= un+1 , where G= f? :F(R n )®F(R n ) is the ...


Information is presented on a teaching/learning technique that emphasizes a dialogue approach to critical thinking and learning in the classroom. A point‐counterpoint procedure is used to examine several controversial psychological issues, each considered to be open‐ended and discussable from at least two opposing perspectives. There are no "right" answers to learn; instead, the emphasis is on how to examine and evaluate information from opposing viewpoints.


We design and experimentally demonatrate a rectangular core few-mode fiber that can support the transmission of TE<inf>00</inf>/TM<inf>00</inf>, TE<inf>10</inf>/TM<inf>10</inf> and TE<inf>20</inf>/TM<inf>20</inf> modes with ultra-low differential group delays.


Brentano (1874) famously claimed that two features demarcate the mental: consciousness and intentionality. Although he claimed that these features are intimately related, subsequent generations of philosophers rarely treated them together. Recently, however, the tide has turned. Many philosophers now accept that consciousness is intentional, where to be intentional is to have representational content, is to represent 'things as being thus and so — where, for all that, things need not be that way' (Travis, 2004, 58). In fact, weak representationalism, which holds that perceptual experiences have representational content, is 'now fairly uncontroversial' (Lycan, 2004).


Let $(M,\nabla)$ be an $n$-dimensional differentiable manifold with a torsion-free linear connection and $T^{*}M$ its cotangent bundle. In this context we study some properties of the natural Riemann extension (M. Sekizawa (1987), O. Kowalski and M. Sekizawa (2011)) on the cotangent bundle $T^{*}M$. First, we give an alternative definition of the natural Riemann extension with respect to horizontal and vertical lifts. Secondly, we investigate metric connection for the natural Riemann extension. Finally, we present geodesics on the cotangent bundle $T^{*}M$ endowed with the natural Riemann extension.


Parallelization based on general purpose graphic processing unit (GPGPU) is a kind of promising technology widely used to improve the computing performance. GPU is designed for data parallel and computational intensive applications. In this paper, a data processor based on multiple GPGPU devices is proposed for SAR signal processing. Some key technologies are emphasized for exploiting the best performance of GPGPU. And the processor's performance is demonstrated by the implementation of range-Doppler imaging algorithm, which shows it is suitable for real-time SAR signal processing.


Air Hitam River is one of the river in Pekanbaru which have the function as the main drainage of the Pekanbaru city. In the past, land surrounding the Air Hitam River Basin is dominated by vegetation that can infiltrate rain water, but as the development of the city, the vegetation areas has changed to housing, offices, warehouses and trade. The change of land use will influence hydrology condition and make river flow higher. If the river is not able to accommodate the rain water, it will cause flooding which cause harm to the surrounding community. For this conditions, it is required data and information about the Air Hitam flooding in the watershed. This study uses the integration of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and hydraulics models in Hec-GeoRAS. This research used existing land use data in 2010, land use plan in 2026, and land use in extreme condition to estimate. The result showed that in period from 2010 to 2026, the vegetation areas has decreased amounted to 56.778 % to 21.641 %. This causes the value of the composite runoff coefficient land greater so the river can't accommodate the flow occurs. Discharge that exceeds the capacity of the river caused flooding of 4.5 ha by 2010, 322.338 ha by 2026 and 372.645 ha by extreme conditions. Keywords: land use, flood inundation, Hec-GeoRAS


We consider questions related to the structure of infinite words (over an integer alphabet) with bounded additive complexity, i.e., words with the property that the number of distinct sums exhibited by factors of the same length is bounded by a constant that depends only on the word. We describe how bounded additive complexity impacts the slope of the word and how a non-erasing morphism may affect the boundedness of a given word's additive complexity. We prove the existence of recurrent words with constant additive complexity equal to any given odd positive integer. In the last section, we discuss a generalization of additive complexity. Our results suggest that words with bounded additive complexity may be viewed as a generalization of balanced words.


Background and aim: Accidents and incidents are the second factor of mortality in our country and traffic accidents are at the top. The plan for the autonomy of hospitals nationwide has been executed since the beginning of the 70s helical decade. From 2005 according to administrative regulation of article 92 of fourth development program in the country, 10 percent of the incurred costs related to insuring each transportation vehicle in the country was deposited into an account to the special incomes account of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education. All public, governmental and private hospitals are compelled to admit traffic accidents casualties without any preconditions or incurring any expenses for providing services and also to accommodate them with therapeutic cares. The cost of providing these therapeutic services is paid to hospitals according to the purported measures in the administrative regulation. This study examines the effects of the mentioned regulation on the status of Ayatollah Kashani hospital's income. Methods: In the electronic database of the hospital, the exact data of files was available from Mar 21 of 2005 onward but the financial information of files before the law, was not complete. The files of 2378 patients who owed more than 10000 rials had remained unsettled at the time of being released from hospital. From the last unsettled file at the Mar 20 of 2005 to the May 22 of 2004, 428 files related to accident casualties were explored. After omitting the cases in which the recorded data was not congruent with their pertinent files, 394 files remained.


—Although a variety of wireless interfaces are avail- able on mobile devices, they still provide only low throughput so far. When coverage areas of those different technologies overlap, mobile devices with multiple interfaces can use them simultaneously by mechanism of Bandwidth Aggregation. How-ever, there are some performance problems for Bandwidth Aggregation on Network Layer and lower Layer which derive from TCP congestion control mechanism. If Bandwidth Aggre- gation is performed at a layer lower than Transport layer, a packet loss happend in one route should decrease performance of all routes because reducing TCP congestion window on such a case affects communications of all routes. Thus we have proposed advanced Bandwidth Aggregation on Middleware for the purpose of avoiding there problems. If Bandwidth Aggregation is performed at Middleware that locates between Transport layer and applications, TCP congestion windows can be managed separately as route by route. In this paper, we have evaluated Middleware for Bandwidth Aggregation, which includes throughput and buffer size of receiver Middleware. According to the evaluation, it is possible to prevent from performance degradation when a packet loss happens using Middleware with an appropriate size of buffer at receiver-side.


The present application is to provide nucleic acid molecules encoding a modified antibody and the modified anti -EGFR wherein -EGFR antibody. In another aspect, the present invention provides the therapeutic methods and uses that use the modified antibody wherein -EGFR.


A handheld camera which translates inkprint into computer readable text has a wide variety of potential applications, such as the input device for a voice output reading machine for the visually impaired. Commercial optical character recognition systems typically operate on controlled input and read with high speed and accuracy. As an input device for a voice output reading machine, much slower speeds of 200 words per minute are acceptable, but the text input is much less controlled in terms of quality, type size, style and format. In order to acquire text from a complex format which may include multiple columns, pictures, and graphs, operator control of the scanning is important. Automatic control of threshold and magnification combined with user control of the scanning sequence based on direct feedback from the camera image offers a potentially efficient input structure. Automatic thresholding and magnification control algorithms which work well on newsprint and good quality type are presented. Based on these results, spatial resolution and quantization requirements can be established for a system which will read text with an order of magnitude variation in size. Direct conversion auditory and tactile feedback for user control of scanning are considered.


ASSOCIATIVE GEOGRAPHY AND SWISS IMPERIALISM. THE EXAMPLE OF GENEVA (1858-1914) − This article is about geographical society of Geneva and its involvement in the 19th century colonial imperialism. Through this society, Swiss bourgeoisie takes part in the exploration and colonization of the world. Is this participation a sign of Swiss imperialism? This issue will be at the heart of this study.


The arrow shown in Figure 3(e) of the published article indicating the observed wind-tail direction in the Philae descent is erroneous; the correct direction as reported by Mottola et al. (2015) is shown here in Figure 3(e), white arrow. The computational results are not affected by this correction. A bundle of computed impinging particle trajectories originating from the southern hemisphere is indicated in Figure 1 by the red arrow. This suggests a higher particle flux from the southern hemisphere (illuminated around perihelion), compared to dust originating from other regions.


One of the crucial problem of computer vision technique is search images in large databases. This problem is addressed with efficient Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) techniques. The research paper introduces three techniques validated with two different datasets in order to compare the retrieval efficiency and accuracy. Color and texture information extracted from image forms the feature vector. Initially the color information is extracted by process of separation of image into Red, Green and Blue planes. These individual planes are divided into 4 blocks and for each block row mean vectors are calculated. This system uses CosineHaar Hybrid Wavelet Transform(HWT) to generate the feature vectors of the query and database images. HWT transform is applied over a row mean vector of each block separately, which gives a set of feature vector of size 15 elements in the first technique. In the second technique first 60 coefficients are considered for feature vector formation. In the third technique after extraction of Red, Green and Blue components, they are divided into four parts. From each part separate row mean is calculated and HWT transform is applied on it and from each component taking 5 values each block. For each color component, the total feature vector of size 60 is created. Euclidean distance is used as similarity measure to compare the image features for image retrieval in proposed CBIR techniques. Two standard datasets namely COIL and Wang are used for the experimentation purpose. COIL dataset consist of 500 processed images in 10 different categories and Wang's dataset consist of 1000 unprocessed images in 10 different categories. For checking the performance of the system average Precision and Recall values are calculated. Keywords—Cosine-Haar Hybrid Wavelet Transform; Content Based Image Retrieval(CBIR); Feature Extraction; Energy Coefficients;


The growing number of disused cars and the resulting amount of waste contribute to the increasing scarity of disposal sites. Therefore, future reuse of the materials already plays a major role today when it comes to materials selection and the design of new motor vehicles. At the same time, light-weight design will have to be increasingly applied to future vehicle generations because of the demands for enthanced fuel economy and lower fleet consumption. Materials such as plastics and aluminium, which have always provided such satisfactory service, will continue to be used in vehicle production. However, now that the aspect of recycling has to be taken into consideration, every decision in favour of these materials must include a solution for recycling these materials or material combinations. Increasingly, a criterion for decision-making will have to be applied in the selection of materials to allow for the highest degree possible of recycling complex material combinations. In addition to the technical prerequisites yet to be created, the economic feasibility of material recycling plays a major role, being mainly dependent on selecting the necessary processing steps, the number of staff required, the throughput and the desired quality of the recyled material. The economic significance of material selection with particular emphasis on the cost of reprocessed materials will be illustrated by way of concrete examples. Despite all the efforts for material recycling, a partially dismantled body will eventually have to be totally recycled. Metallurgical recycling developed by Mercedes-Benz for this purpose will be described in detail, which provides a holistic solution for vehicle recycling and allows for disposal without having to burn the residual organic materials of the body in a special-waste incineration plant.


The Darwin Convention Centre is starting to take shape with the building's steel framework being lifted into place. Chief Minister Clare Martin said this is a significant step for the project. "We're starting to see what the convention centre will look like – 1100 tonnes of steel forming the skeleton of the open oyster-shell shaped building," Ms Martin said. "The frames have been manufactured by local company, M&J Welding the steel for the frames was supplied locally through a sub-contract to One Steel. "The Government insisted on an 85 per cent local content target in contracts for the Waterfront project and that is being exceeded. "Work will start in the administrative areas and will continue for the next few months. "When finished the building will be the equivalent of 6 storeys high – have a footprint of 9,600 square metres – and an overall floor space of more than 22,000 square metres. "Work on the rest of the Waterfront site is progressing well the sea wall is nearly complete and the excavations on the wave lagoon are well underway. "Stage One of the Waterfront Project will open in 2008 and is expected to provide a $190 million boost for tourism over the next 20 years."


Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) classifiers performance degrades under adversarial attacks, such attacks are indistinguishably perturbed relative to the original data. Providing robustness to adversarial attacks is an important challenge in DNN training, which has led to extensive research. In this paper, we harden DNN classifiers under the adversarial attacks by regularizing their deep internal representation space with Multi-class Triplet regularization method. This method enables DNN classifier to learn a feature representation that detects similarities between adversarial and clean images and brings similar images close to their original class and pushes dissimilar images away from their false classes. This training process with our Multi-class Triplet regularization method in combination with Gaussian noise injection proves to be more robust in detecting adversarial attacks exceeding that of adversarial training on strong iterative attacks.


ABSTRACT The interaction between language proficiency and discipline-related background knowledge is an important feature of LSAP (Languages for Specific Academic Purposes) tests and is viewed as a necessity in these tests unlike general purpose language tests which try to diminish the potential effect of discipline-related knowledge. Therefore, variables that could affect this interaction must be taken into consideration when studying a discipline-related knowledge effect. The purpose of this study is to examine the interaction between discipline-related knowledge and the objectivity of elicitation method across three language proficiency levels. The participants were 206 non-native students of civil engineering. An EAP test battery with discipline-related and discipline-unrelated reading passages and three test-task types (i.e. objective, semi-objective, and subjective) was constructed and administered. The results of a three-way factorial ANOVA indicated that discipline-related knowledge did not facilitate the performance of low proficiency students on the EAP test; however, there was a significant interaction between language proficiency and discipline-related knowledge for intermediate and high proficiency students. In addition, the proficiency effect differed across task type: test-takers could not benefit from their discipline-related knowledge during objective test tasks. However, semi-objective and subjective test-tasks proved well-suited for EAP tests due to the significant effect of discipline-related knowledge.


O3/UV process is a kind of AOPs,which combined O3 with ultraviolet radiation,under the radiation of UV,O3 is accelerated its decompounding course remarkably,and generated the strong oxidant hydroxyl radicals in solution. High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and fluorescence detector was used to determine salicylic acid(SA) and one of its hydroxylated products,2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid(2,5-DHBA),in this way,hydroxyl radicals was determined indirectly.Through the determination of the 2,5-DHBA at different reacting times,pH values and initial concentrations of SA,effect of these factors on the generation rules of hydroxyl radicals were investigated in O3/UV process.


The resveratrol concentrations in 10 white, two pink and nine red wines, and in the skins of ripe and apparently healthy grapes of 16 white- and 20 pink- or red-skinned grape varieties grown in Japan (relatively humid and warm with heavy rainfall in the growing season) were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The resveratrol concentration in skins ranged from 0.5 (Pizzutello Bianco) to 14.1 (Mu11er-Thurgau) µg/g fresh skin, with an average of 4.12µg/g for the 36 skin samples, and that in wines from 1 (Delaware) to 244 (Cabernet Sauvignon) µg/L with an average of 81 µg/L for the 21 wine samples. These values are not markedly different from those in the literature pertaining to other grapegrowing and winemaking regions of the world. The average resveratrol concentration in red wines was about six-fold that in white wines. Little resveratrol (less than 0.01 µg/L) was found in grape juices. The effect of fermentation on the skins (maceration) on the resveratrol contents of wines was investigated. While no increase in resveratrol occurred during fermentation without skins, the resveratrol concentrations increased during fermentation on the skins. The rate of resveratrol extraction from skin to wine differed with grape variety and skin contact time.


This paper presents the results of an evaluation of the potential release of liquids stored within a waste mass undergoing compression due to a landfill vertical expansion. The mechanism of free liquid generation is initially evaluated and data interpretation methods are developed to estimate the maximum allowable waste thickness that a landfill could reach without releasing liquids stored within the waste. The proposed conceptual framework of free liquid generation is used to evaluate the environmental implications of the vertical expansion of an unlined case history landfill located in southern California. The moisture content of waste in southern California landfills is generally below field capacity. However, if the waste is compressed, its available moisture-holding capacity will decrease and its moisture content may eventually reach field capacity. Additional compression beyond this point will squeeze liquid from the waste. Laboratory testing and field characterization programs were undertaken to evaluate the field capacity, the in-situ moisture distribution, and the unit weight profiles of the waste in the case history landfill. These experimental data were used to evaluate the ability of the landfill to continue to retain moisture after continued waste placement. The evaluation indicated that the moisture content of the waste will not reachmore » its field capacity for the proposed final grading of the case history landfill and, therefore, that the liquids should remain within the waste mass after the vertical expansion.« less


Objective To discuss the reasonable therapeutic schedule of severe acute pancreatitis. Methods Forty eight cases of patients with severe acute pancreatitis treated in our hospital from January 1995 to December 2011 were selected as the research objects. The incidence of main complications and mortality between the surgical group and non-surgical group were compared. 22 cases of patients who were given operative treatment from January 1995 to December 2003 were selected as the surgical group; 26 cases of patients who were given early non-surgical treatment from January 2004 to December 2011 were selected as the non-surgical group. Results The mortality and complications of the surgical group were higher than those of the non-surgical group, the differences were statistically significant (P 0.05). Conclusion Early non-surgical treatment for severe acute pancreatitis can reduce the mortality and incidence of complications effectively. Most severe acute pancreatitis patients can be cured by non-surgical.


The copolymerization of divinyl adipate (DVA) as an effective cross-linker with allyl acetate (AAc) as a degradative chain transfer reagent was carried out at 70 and 80 °C in benzene using dimethyl 2,2′-azobisisobutyrate (MAIB) of high concentrations as initiator. When the MAIB concentration as high as 0.60 mol/L was used, the copolymerization of DVA (0.20 mol/L) and AAc (0.50 mol/L) proceeded homogeneously without any gelation to give soluble copolymers in a yield of about 30% based on the total weight of DVA, AAc, and MAIB. The copolymer formed in the copolymerization at 80 °C for 6 h consisted of the DVA units with (3 mol %) and without (24 mol %) double bond, the AAc unit (35 mol %), and the methoxycarbonylpropyl group (38 mol %) from MAIB. Such a large fraction of the incorporated initiator-fragment as terminal group indicates that the copolymer has a hyperbranched structure. The copolymer showed an upper critical solution temperature (38 °C on cooling) in a tetrahydrofuran (THF)–water [2:1 (v/v)] mixture, and also exhibited potentials in solubilization of Rhodamine 6G as a dye probe and stabilization of metal nanoparticles. A porous film was obtained simply by casting a copolymer solution in THF.


Silicon nitride is a promising high-index material for dense photonic circuits and applications in the visible-midinfrared wavelength regime. Design, fabrication, and optical characterization of silicon nitride waveguides at visible-near-infrared wavelength are presented. Finally, design and experimental results are presented for the first time for linear and focused grating couplers (GCs) at near-infrared wavelength (900 nm) for plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition silicon nitride wires (220 × 500 nm) and compared with theoretical simulations. An experimental efficiency of 5.7 and 6.5 dB and 1-dB bandwidth of 26 and 40 nm are reported for the linear and focused GCs, respectively.


Interleukin-8(IL-8) is related to exercise and inflammation.In order to observe the dynamic change of interleukin-8 after rowing,16 experienced rowers were divided equally into exercise group with large workload,and control group in rest.IL-8 in serum and blood lactic acid(HL) were detected pre-training,the moment post-training,0.5 hour,1 hour,10 hours,24 hours post-training.The results in exercise group showed that the values of HL rose after training,then recovered in 24 hours;while that of IL-8 ascended significantly after training(P0.01).It was indicated that the change of HL could illustrate the energy metabolizability of skeleton muscle when used in evaluating workload;IL-8 could estimate incretionary and immune functions as a kind of incretion.It was more scientific to combine them for the evaluation in training.


OBJECTIVE: To discuss the application of pharmacoeconomics in medicine management of new health reform in China. METHODS: New health reform policies in China were studied and the influence of new health reform policies on drug consumption, drug price, drug circulation and essential drug system were analyzed. RESULTS CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacoeconomics can strengthen the efficiency of drug resource utilization. Pharmaeoeconomics evaluation can be utilized to guide drug pricing, select essential drugs, submit an expense account to medical insurance and rational drug use in the clinic.