Path planning is one of the main research contents of decision control. The problem of path planning can be described as finding a collision free path from the initial state to the target state in the environment. Raster-based path planning is a basic problem in robotics, games and other fields. Traditional path planning methods need to model the environment in advance, and then carry out path planning on the basis of known map information. However, there is a lot of dynamic information in the environment, such as pedestrians, movable objects. It is difficult for traditional algorithms to carry out path planning in the dynamic unknown environment. With the development of deep learning and reinforcement learning, such methods provide a new way to solve the problem of path planning. Aiming at resolving the shortcomings of traditional path planning algorithms, this paper adopts deep reinforcement learning algorithm to carry out path planning for two-dimensional raster maps, and finally validates and evaluates the performance of the algorithm within an efficient simulation environment.


he current standard of care for acute ST-segment elevation yocardial infarction (STEMI) is primary percutaneous oronary intervention (PCI), provided that it is available nd can be performed soon enough after the onset of ymptoms. However, successful restoration of antegrade oronary flow with PCI of the "culprit" lesion does not lways result in myocardial salvage because of the known isparity between epicardial coronary flow and microvascuar perfusion in the acute myocardial infarction (MI) setting.


Currently,China is in the transitional process from traditional agricultural society to modern industrial society,which causes great social change.Chinese people's living standard is improving.The transition also causes great change in term of social communication,with the following features: independence,subject for each other,indirect and the dissimilation.


Introduction A Social History of the University A Brief Overview of Western Thought and its Implications for the Social and the Natural World The University of Berlin and the Fallacy of Misplaced Concreteness An Alternative Worldview: The Philosophy of Organism Some Aspects of a Postmodern University Getting There Index


Abstract : This report describes procedures for implementing the Brief Vestibular Disorientation Test (BVDT) which was designed to detect individuals with extreme reactivity to disorientation stress. The procedures are brief, simple to administer, and do not require expensive equipment. The BVDT has been tested for reliability and also for validity against a pass-fail criterion in naval aviation training by the Naval Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory under sponsorship of the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery and the Naval Medical Research and Development Command. (Author)


The quantum coherence of a two‐qubit system in which each qubit is coupled to its own hierarchical environment is studied. The effect of the hierarchical environment is explored in order to improve the coherence effectively. It is discovered that the dynamics of coherence can be manipulated by the number N of the second‐layer cavities ( mn$m_{n}$ ), the coupling strengths Ω0, Ω, κ, respectively for the qubit‐cavity (m0), nearest‐neighbor, and m0‐ mn$m_{n}$ cavities. It depends also on the decay rate Γ of second‐layer cavities. Furthermore, an effective scheme for enhancing coherence is proposed by using weak measurement and weak measurement reversal. The explicit conditions of the optimal measurement strengths to improve the coherence comparatively are derived. It is seen that the final stable value of the coherence is independent of the number N of second‐layer cavities but is related to the weak measurement strength m when the coupling strength between two nearest‐neighbor cavities is taken into account.


Effects of different beater- as spike-tooth, lama-tooth and wire loop-, and concave-PVC and chrome-types used in threshing of Cicer arietinum L. cvs. Akcin-91, Kusmen-99 cultivars and Local variety on germination speed and power, electrical conductivity of seed leachate, field emergence, phenological growth and seed yields of autumn and spring sown chickpea under rainfed condition were investigated. The experiments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement of treatments containing three replications. Visually undamaged seeds from all threshing treatments were used in both laboratory and field experiments. No significant differences were found among beaters and concave types regarding electrical conductivity, germination speed and power and also seed yield and 100-seed weight, while chickpea genotypes were differed for all these traits. Field emergence was significantly decreased in autumn sowing, when spike-toot beater used in the stationary threshing unit. Threshing efficiency of lama-tooth beater (93.91%), which has the highest unthreshed seed rate and total seed losses, was significantly lower than that in spike-tooth (97.73%) and wire loop (96.35%). Beaters were not differed for threshing efficiency. Akcin-91 and Kusmen-99 gave higher threshing efficiency than Local variety.


Summary: The present work aims to obtain the value of minimum sample size required by a good approximation by the normal curve for the sample mean difference. Particular care is given to what happens in the tails of the curves, with the aim of deriving confidence intervals for Gini 鈂s mean difference. This goal is obtained by empirical methods and the presented results have an explorative nature. Simulation data have been obtained sampling from different distributions, considering symmetry versus asymmetry and the existence of the moments as main aspects in the underlying distribution. These remarks lead to the choice of the normal, the rectangular, the exponential and the Pareto distributions. All the obtained results indicate that the shape of the distribution from which the samples are generated is critically related to the minimum sample sizes required for a good approximation of the tails of the sample mean difference to the normal curve.


This paper theoretically present the control of the surface-plasmon-like modes propagating on an infinite periodic subwavelength metallic rectangular groove array partially filled with dielectric, using mode matching technique. The propagation characteristics are numerically calculated on the assumption that the periodicity of the array is much shorter than the free space wavelength, and it is theoretically shown how the surface-plasmon-like modes could be controlled by the physical size and vertical position of the dielectric slab.


First-principles calculations based on density functional theory were employed to study the adsorption of gas molecules (CH4, CO, H2O) on various SnO2 (110) surfaces. We found that CO and CH4 molecules are weakly adsorbed on intrinsic SnO2 (110) surfaces, and intrinsic SnO2 is sensitive only to the H2O molecule. Compared with the gas molecules adsorbed on the intrinsic SnO2 surfaces, the significantly increased adsorption energy indicates that there is an improvement in the gas sensitivity properties of Co-doped SnO2 (Co/SnO2) and oxygen vacancy modified Co-doped SnO2 (Co/VO/SnO2) to CO, CH4, and H2O gas. The CO adsorbed on the Co/VO/SnO2 surface has the strongest adsorption energy (−1.402 eV). We also studied the optical properties of the Co/SnO2 and Co/VO/SnO2 surfaces influenced by the three gas molecules. We found that the three gas molecules cause an enhancement of the adsorption peaks of Co/SnO2 configuration in the visible light range. Our study benefits research on the potential application of SnO2 sensor materials.


Purpose: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft-tissue sarcoma of childhood. Despite aggressive therapy, the 5-year survival rate for patients with metastatic or recurrent disease remains poor and beyond PAX-FOXO1 fusion status, no genomic markers are available for risk stratification. We therefore performed a large-scale study through an international consortium to more accurately determine the incidence of driver mutations and their association with clinical outcome. Patients and Method: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded material was collected from patients enrolled on Children's Oncology Group trials and UK patients enrolled on MMT trials. Pathology was reviewed centrally and extracted DNA was subjected to targeted capture sequencing using a panel of 39 genes previously associated with RMS. Mutations, indels, deletions, gene amplifications, and copy number variation was called using analysis pipelines developed at the NCI. Results: DNA from six hundred and forty-one patients was suitable for analyses. A median of 1 variant call was found per tumor. Mutation of a RAS isoform was found in 29% of all fusion negative cases, mutation of a RAS pathway member was seen in greater than 50% of cases, and 24% had no putative driver mutation identified. BCOR (15%), NF1 (11%), and TP53 (12%) mutations were found at a higher incidence than previously reported. Interestingly, mutations in HRAS were notable in the infant population whereas those in NRAS were enriched in adolescents. Among infants Conclusion: This is the largest genomic characterization of clinically annotated RMS tumors to date and provides genetic features that refine risk stratification and can be incorporated into prospective trials. Citation Format: Jack Shern, Joanna Selfe, Rajesh Patidar, Young Song, Marielle Yohe, Jun Wei, Xinyu Wen, Erin Rudinski, Donald Barkauskas, David Hall, Corinne Linardic, Meriel Jenney, Julia Chisholm, Rebecca Brown, Anna Kelsey, Susanne Gatz, Stephen Skapek, Douglas Hawkins, Janet Shipley, Javed Khan. Genomic classification and prognosis in rhabdomyosarcoma: A report from the Children's Oncology Group, the Institute of Cancer Research, and the National Cancer Institute [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research; 2019 Sep 17-20; Montreal, QC, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(14 Suppl):Abstract nr B15.


"Commission approves British Midland International joining STAR alliance"* On 1 March 2000 the airlines British Midland International (bmi), Lufthansa and SAS (hereinafter 'The Parties') notified…


The emission of electrons from atoms or molecules either in the gas phase or from the surface layers or the interior of solid phases under the impact of electromagnetic radiation is a phenomenon which is now being actively investigated. It has found application in the study of surfaces and catalysis. These techniques are discussed in this article.


In this article, core-shell structure nanofibers were fabricated by coaxial electrospinning with biodegradable copolymer Poly(L-Lactic-e-Caprolactone) [P(LLA-CL) 50 : 50] as shell and bovine serum albumin (BSA) as core. Morphology and microstructure of the nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The mechanical properties were investigated by stress-strain tests. In vitro degradation rates of the nanofibrous membranes were determined by measuring their weight loss when immersed in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4) for a maximum of 14 days. Release behavior of BSA was measured by an ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and the results demonstrated that BSA could release from P(LLA-CL) nanofibers in a steady manner. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009


Growing characteristics of P.anserina in different planting density were studied.The results indicated that obvious effects existed on growing characteristic of the above ground parts of Potentilla anserina in different planting density.In the higher planting density the stolons of P.anserina occurred prior to the lower planting density.The numbers and length of compound leaves per mother plant,the numbers and length of stolon per mother plant,as well the numbers of daughter plant sprouted from stolon,the whole situations of those were significant earlier to the lower planting density.


The emergence of pragmatics makes communicative competence a crucial subject in the literature of pragmatics, even though linguistic competence is also instrumental in the effective use of language to communicate messages. To explain the pragmatic underpinnings of an utterance in terms of relevance and meaning within any given context, this study examines the utterance "I have headache in my stomach" alongside other samples of expressions gathered from the Nigerian speech community. When an utterance is uttered, the physical (environmental), psychological, pragmatic or social nuances that generate are inevitable components of the inferential process. A speaker expects the "worldspoken-of" – as Allan [1] puts it – to be inferred correctly. This paper is hinged on a bipartite theoretical underpinning: the Pragma-crafting Theory; and the Relevance Theory of Communication. The study concludes that: the communicative value of an utterance is immersed in the ease and possibility of processing it for meaning (its topic relevance).


Recent demands on measurements of cutting tool inserts require integration of measuring process and CAD coupling ensuring reduction of operator influences and control time. This work presents a newly developed system for creating clouds of 3D measuring points by combination of white light interferometry and fringe projection with two separate instruments. Data obtained by sensors are transformed, registered and the actual shape of a cutting tool insert is reconstructed. By fitting the actual shape in the reference one, presented by CAD model, are visualised deviations of a cutting tool insert in a false colour representation. This procedure ensures production application of only functionally capable cutting tool inserts.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the moderating effect of task complexity on external auditors' cooperation (EAC), top management empowerment and internal auditors' independence, which affect internal auditors' effectiveness in the Jordanian public sector.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper utilised 117 usable questionnaires from financial managers and internal audit (IA) managers of the Jordanian public sector institutions. The collected data were analysed using partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM).

Findings
The results reveal that EAC, top management empowerment, and internal auditors' independence are the factors which positively and significantly affect the internal auditors' effectiveness, as supported by the resource-based theory, with incomplete support for the task complexity's role as a moderator.

Practical implications
The findings are important for the decision-makers and regulators in introducing new legislation and regulation for the IA profession in the Jordanian public sector.

Social implications
It is shown that the factors affecting the internal auditors' effectiveness can definitely enhance their ability to achieve the role of IA in protecting public funds and limiting financial and administrative corrupt practices, particularly in the public sector.

Originality/value
To the best knowledge of the authors, this study is one of the first studies that addresses task complexity as an interaction effect on the factors affecting internal auditors' effectiveness in the public sector.


The results of analyses of the lubricant from the Hubble Space Telescope reaction wheel bearings indicated that the lubricant was in excellent condition and that there was no mechanical distress. Evaporative loss of oil was measured and was consistent with the loss predicted by our oil evaporation analytical model. It is expected that the reaction wheel would have performed mechanically for manymore than the seven years accumulated on orbit.


Debnath and De La Sen introduced the notion of set valued interpolative Hardy-Rogers type contraction mappings on b-metric spaces and proved that on a complete b-metric space, whose all closed and bounded subsets are compact, the set valued interpolative Hardy-Rogers type contraction mapping has a fixed point. This article presents generalizations of above results by omitting the assumption that all closed and bounded subsets are compact.


Laser radar technology, widely used in topographic reconnaissance, land survey, as well as construction survey, is considered as one of the most useful technologies in accurate measurement nowadays. Through long-term research, we have developed three-dimensional laser scanning system with measurable distance as far as 100 meters, 300 meters and 1000 meters. Hence we have accumulated rich experiences in extending the measurable distance, which, as we known, is the one of the core indicators of the three-dimensional laser scanning system. Measurable distance not only reflects the performance of the system, but also decides its usage and application field. It is related to the laser power, receiver's perception ability, atmospheric transmittance, reflectivity of target and etc. In this paper, we mainly analyze the relation of measurable distance with each of the four parameters. Then we propose our design to extend measurable distance, and finally we verify our method through simulations and experiments.


INTRODUCTION State and local governments are facing fiscal challenges due to declining revenues without a corresponding change in expenditures. As a result, these entities are exploring alternative revenue sources, such as the $23.3 billion in lost sales tax revenue in 2012 (most recent year available) that they are prohibited from collecting on online and catalog purchases (Hamilton, 2015). Alternative revenue sources such as an increase in property and income taxes are not feasible since tax increases are unpopular with the public. Sales taxes are an important revenue source for most jurisdictions, as it represents approximately 20% of annual revenue (Streamlined, 2016). In fact, the Tax Foundation reported that 45 states and the District of Columbia collect statewide sales taxes, and that 38 states collect local sales taxes (Drenkard & Kaeding 2016). The collection of sales taxes is complicated by the number of justifications (approximately 10,000) involved in the process (Harpaz, 2015), and the different tax rates across states (Drenkard et al, 2016). The sales tax rates are depicted in Tables A and B. As noted in Table A, Tennessee and Arkansas have the highest combined state and average local tax rates for 2016 at 9.46% and 9.30% respectively. Table B shows California with the highest state tax rate at 7.5%, and three states (Delaware, Montana, Oregon) with no state or local sales taxes. Table B also shows the wide range of local sales tax rates across states with Louisiana having the highest potential rate at 7.75%. These rate differentials may induce consumers to shop across borders or buy products online. The increase in online sales is creating an ongoing problem for states since sales taxes may not be collected by the merchant and remitted. The states in which consumers are making online purchases believe the e-retailers should collect and remit the sales taxes since the revenue is being removed from their jurisdiction, thus adding to revenue shortfalls. Local "brick and mortar" retailers in such states are also losing sales with the relative ease that online shopping provides consumers, thus causing the individual states to lose revenue from such sales. Online retailers and selected members of Congress, believe online sales should not be taxed at all as a continuance of a legislation, the Internet Tax Freedom Act of 1998 (Harpaz, 2015). This Act is discussed later in the paper. They also believe that online retailers should only remit taxes to those states in which they have a physical presence. Since interstate commerce is governed at the federal level, states have looked to the federal government for a solution. The issue facing Congress is determining whether existing legislation should stand or whether to adopt "pro state" legislation. This paper discusses past legislation that attempted to assist municipalities in the collection of sales tax revenue, and offers possible solutions. LEGISLATIVE ACTIONS Prior legislation at the federal level has attempted to bring clarity to the sales tax collection challenges faced by states. Among these actions are (a) National Bellas Hess vs. Department of Revenue of Illinois 1967, (b) Quill Corp. vs. North Dakota 1992, (c) the Internet Tax Freedom Act of 1998, (d) the Streamlined Sales and Use Tax Agreement 1999, and (e) the Marketplace Fairness Act. These legislations, acts, and agreements are discussed in this section. In 1967, the Supreme Court heard National Bellas Hess vs. Department of Revenue of Illinois. Illinois wanted Bellas Hess to collect sales tax on catalogue sales even though the company was based in another jurisdiction, Kansas City, Missouri. The Supreme Court ruled, in a 5-4 decision, that businesses had to have nexus in a state in order to collect sales tax for interstate transactions by consumers in that state. It also ruled that it would take an act of Congress to give states the ability to require businesses based in a different state to collect sales tax. …


The article presents the issues related to the formation of primary school schoolchildren's solo singing skills. The purpose of the article is to substantiate scientific approaches and principles, the implementation of which contributes to successful formation of primary school schoolchildren's solo singing skills.
These approaches ae bound to the ideas of humanistic, structural-systemic, anthropological approaches. The principles of their implementation have been grounded ‒ the creation of a psychologically comfortable environment; individual-personal planning of the vocal-forming process; monitoring of the process and results of the classes aimed at mastering junior schoolchildren's solo vocal skills; artistic and communicative orientation of the vocal and educational process; stimulation of primary schoolchildren's creative activity in musical and playing forms alongside with the solution of their artistic and performing tasks. Some typical mistakes demonstrated by starting teachers have been analysed, which inhibit the process aimed at the formation of primary schoolchildren's solo singing skills and their manifestation at three levels: interpretative-communicative, performing-artistic, forming-technological. The importance of mastering propaedeutic competence by university teachers has been substantiated as a way to anticipate professional mistakes typical for teachers-beginners.
Keywords: singing skills; primary school pupils; scientific approaches; pedagogical principles; propaedeutics of typical pedagogical mistakes.


The major poetry in Ming Dynasty focused on grandness rather than elegance, on poets LI Bai and DU Fu's poetry rather than WANG Meng's, but critic HU Ying lin's theory of"elegance in poetry" combines both styles of grandness and elegance. He distinguishes "style elegance" and "content elegance". This shows a tendency that the major poetry tries to take in non-major poetry. Another school of poets called Jingling school, whose representative is ZHONG Xing, excludes both in order to regulate the school of Gongan and correct the mistakes of the school of "seven poets".


The predatory behavior of Meta reticuloides YAGINUMA was studied, and the natural prey of the species were collected from its webs. This species employed four predatory sequences, seize-pull out, bite-pull out, bite-wrap and wrap-bite. Wrap-bite sequence, not observed in Metleucauge (YOSHIDA, 1989a), was employed to ants, stink bugs, a large cranefly, bees and wasps, which may be large and/or potentially dangerous prey for M. reticuloides. Attack-wrapping was occurred after prey-touching by legs I (and palps?). The prey, which were entangled with the sticky spirals of the webs, were sometimes carried by pulling from the hub, using legs I and II. "Pulling the prey from the hub" is not observed in Metleucauge (YOSHIDA, 1989a). The ability of attack wrapping of M. reticuloides remains probably because it sometimes captures large and/or potentially dangerous prey.


The article claims that literary text has a mental character. It reflects the writer's vision of the world by linguistic means of different levels. This process is influenced by the writer's world outlook, the reader's perceptive experience and other factors.


Genomics represents a new tool in drug discovery. Microbial genomics have been at the forefront of a new era of whole cell molecular biology because genomic data provides a quantum leap in available genetic data. But while the tool is valuable and important, it is not the complete answer.


The toroidal field coils for the Princeton Divertor Experiment (PDX) and their supporting structure are described. The special demountable nature of the coils and the problems which result from this feature are discussed. The procedures for assembly and fabrication of the coils are presented. (auth)


In his fundamental paper on a posteriori probability,* Bayes considered a certain event M having an unknown probability p of its occurring in a single trial. In deriving his a posteriori formula he assumed that all values of p are equally likely, and he recommended this assumption for similar problems in which nothing is known concerning p. In the corollary to proposition 8 he derives the value r/n\ 1


In this paper we propose a backstepping controller to stabilize the relative pose of a follower spacecraft with respect to a leader spacecraft. The relative dynamic equations of motion are derived in dual quaternion algebra, and used to constructively design a controller from an existing rotational-only control law. Asymptotic stability of the timeinvariant closed loop system is proven through the use of Lyapunov stability theory in conjunction with the definition of two backstepping variables associated to the error pose and the error dual velocity. Numerical results show that the controller possesses desirable characteristics for proximity operations, such as the ability to maintain small transient relative distances and relative velocities, while still commanding small forces and torques.


The complex structure and rapid development of web applications can lead to vulnerabilities and flaws that can compromise sensitive data. Detecting these vulnerabilities at the early stages of development cycle ensures that they are easier and cheaper to fix. Structural modeling of web applications is becoming increasingly important for detection, and subsequent elimination of such flaws. In this paper we analyze structural models of web applications. We use the model checking tools Spin and Uppaal to model dynamic navigation flow. We simulate and verify time-bound navigation properties by examining the sequence of actions that a user would make when interacting with the application. We compare the usefulness of the modeling tools for analysis of users' behavior.


In this work we investigated the crevice corrosion of copper and molybdenum dual metal, which is applied to metal electrode in amorphous silicon TFT backplane fabrication. The photo resist(PR) strip process after wet etching of metal was the position of crevice corrosion occurrence by analysing results of SEM images. Crevice has formed in stripping step and crevice corrosion of copper occurred in rinse step. The diluted stripper was the first factor of crevice formation, and oxygen depletion would be the key cause of copper crevice corrosion. The existence of chloride would increase the deterioration of crevice corrosion.


ABSTRACT Drawing on fieldwork conducted over multiple seasons between 2012 and 2015, this paper explores aspects of the socio-economic and political history of the Marakwet of Kenya. It does so by focusing on a particular material culture category – pottery – and tracing transformations in its production, use and exchange over several generations from the early twentieth century to the present day. This approach serves to unearth a series of personal and quotidian narratives that not only comprise a unique account of Marakwet's past, but also shed light on the material consequences of various ongoing processes of infrastructural and economic development. Complementing our previous work on Marakwet farming, landscape and ecological change, we here demonstrate the multiple ways in which change has been dynamically negotiated and enacted throughout the last century via various shifting daily practices. The historical innovations, adaptations and movements that we explore attest to a resilience deeply rooted in Marakwet society that continues to be articulated in the contemporary world.


Objective—The goal of this study was to investigate whether omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) are able to alter plasma fibrin clot properties and reduce thrombin formation in stable coronary artery disease patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods and Results—In an investigator-initiated, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study, patients undergoing PCI who received standard pharmacotherapy were assigned to the treatment with 1 g/day n-3 PUFA (n=30) or placebo (n=24) for 1 month. Plasma fibrin clot permeability (Ks); lysis time (t50%); prothrombin fragment 1.2; and peak thrombin generation from automated thrombogram, 8-isoprostaglandin F2&agr; (8-iso-PGF2&agr;, an oxidative stress marker), and C-reactive protein were determined at baseline, 3 to 5 days after randomization, and 30 days after randomization. At baseline, both treatment groups did not differ significantly. A 1-month treatment with n-3 PUFA compared with placebo was associated with 15.3% higher Ks, indicating larger pores in the fibrin network (P=0.0005); 14.3% shorter t50%, indicating increased susceptibility to fibrinolysis (P<0.0001); 33.8% lower prothrombin fragment 1.2 (P=0.0013); 13.4% lower peak thrombin generation (P=0.04); and 13.1% lower 8-iso-PGF2&agr; (P=0.009). Treatment with n-3 PUFA had no effect on fibrinogen and C-reactive protein. After 1 month of treatment, fibrinogen (r=−0.53, P<0.0001), treatment assignment (r=0.29, P=0.006) and 8-iso-PGF2&agr; (r=−0.27, P=0.015) were independently associated with clot permeability (P<0.0001, R2=0.66). Conclusion—Adding n-3 PUFA to standard therapy in stable patients undergoing PCI significantly decreases thrombin formation and oxidative stress and favorably alters fibrin clot properties. These findings indicate novel antithrombotic effects induced by n-3 PUFA in humans.


A fixed base visual approach and landing simulator was developed using an F-105 Canopy /Seat Cockpit Trainer, Panasonic Closed Circuit Television System, and a SMK-22 Main Attachment Unit. Difficulties encountered in interface of the units necessitated modification of the SMK-22 Attachment Unit in both flight characteristics and operating modes. A main control console was assembled to control and coordinate the operation of the system elements and monitor the system during simulated flight. Reduction in degrees of freedom was achieved through elimination of the yaw mode. An FJ-4 control stick was modified and installed in the cockpit replacing the fabricated control stick. Longitudinal trim control was achieved with the trim switch installed in the FJ-4 control stick, modifying longitudinal circuitry by means of an additional trim assembly. TABLE OF CONTENTS


farm workers. According to the Majka's model the "internal resources" of the farm labor community are never enough to bring about fundamental social change: "The success of a movement is related to the ability of its leaders to gain external support, promote alliances with other movements and organizations, legitimate the movement through the media, enlist elites in the cause, and obtain concrete gains through political channels. The possibility of assembling this kind of support simply did not exist for farm labor for most of its history (9)." Despite their careful application of Marxist theories of the state, the Majkas appear to have a lack of faith when it comes to believing in the powers of mobilized workers, through their own fighting organizations, to change the world. They seem more interested in "legitimating the movement through the media" and "enlisting elites in the cause." This perspective blinds them, in their historical analysis, to many "internal resources" that farmworkers did successfully utilize. While the Majkas are sensitive to racism as a factor in California farm labor history, for example, they largely ignore the ways cultural traditions have influenced different ethnic groups' propensity to organize. Ultimately, the key to the Majka's theoretical model lies in their enthusiasm for the United Farm Workers. For the Majkas, all roads lead to the UFW—the real "failure" of previous organizing efforts lay in their failure to be the UFW. The authors worked as boycott organizers for the UFW during the 1970s, and it seems to me that their perspective on labor history, in both its strengths and its weaknesses, has grown out of that experience. They have given us here the best overall history of the UFW available—the whole last third of the book is devoted to the UFW, and it is rich with the historical knowledge and detail lacking in their depiction of earlier periods. The Majkas' appreciation for the gains farmworkers, and the UFW, obtained through the ALRA explains their emphasis on access to the state. Their appreciation for the mobilization of liberals and non-farmworkers on behalf of the grape boycott explains their emphasis on "external resources." Perhaps a Chicano UFW rank-and-filer, depicting farm labor history, might give us a stronger appreciation for the power of workers themselves.


The speech treatment for children with hearing impairment is a challenging task and much tiring. It is very difficult to keep up the standard of children's attention and collaboration. Instead, we have observed that the speech treatment is based on the repetition of object's name (i.e. toy, picture, etc.) that the children use in daily life. In this work we presented an interactive hardware / software system to animate the objects. It was used in the speech treatment for children with hearing impairment. In the beginning, the "magic tool" has been build as a 'magic glove' but in this exploratory study we have chosen to change its form, because the children was two female. Below it is described the technology and the exploratory study.


Use of scintillation counters for detection of thermal neutrons is discussed. The neutrons are allowed to react with a selected isotope to produce an alpha particle or gamma radiation, which is detected by the scintillator. Performances of selected detectors are discussed. (M.C.G.)


Surgery for esophageal cancer (EC) has been centralized in the Netherlands. However, patients are still diagnosed in referral centers and not all patients are discussed with a resection center. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of the implementation of the regional Upper-GI video multidisciplinary team meeting (MDT) in the Eindhoven region in which all regional patients should be discussed, on the decision-making process, treatment, and survival of patients with EC.

 All patients diagnosed between 2012 and 2018 with EC, in hospitals currently working together with the Catharina hospital, were selected from the Netherlands Cancer Registry (n = 1119). The regional MDT was implemented in 2 hospitals in May 2014 and the other hospitals gradually joined. The primary outcome of this study was the proportion of patients discussed in any MDT. Secondary outcomes were involvement of a resection center in MDT, treatment and survival. Outcomes were described prior to and after participation in the regional MDT and analyzed by chi-square tests. Kaplan–Meier curves and log-rank tests were used to compare overall survival.

 Since participation in the regional MDT more patients were discussed in any MDT (80%-89%, p < 0.0001) and involvement of a resection center during the MDT almost doubled (43%-82%, p < 0.0001). The proportion of patient who underwent treatment with a curative intent remained the same (75%). However, esophagectomy (41%-43%) and endoscopic resections (2%-6%) were performed more often and the use of definitive chemoradiation therapy decreased (31%-25%)(p = 0.049). The use of palliative systemic therapy increased (39%-52%, p < 0.001). Three-year overall survival for all EC patients increased significantly (24%-32%, p < 0.02)(Figure). A non-significant increase in 3-year survival in potentially curable patients (38%-48%, p = 0.09) and 1-year survival in palliative patients (18%-26%, p = 0.13) was observed.

 After implementation of the regional MDT more EC patients were discussed during a MDT and also more often with the involvement of a resection center. This is the first study showing an association of the implementation of a regional MDT with an improved survival. Hypothetically, the implementation of the regional tumor specific video MDT could have had a positive effect on the quality and effectiveness of decision making in patients diagnosed with EC.


With the emerging developments of the Metaverse, a virtual world where people can interact, socialize, play, and conduct their business, it has become critical to ensure that the underlying systems are transparent, secure, and trustworthy. To this end, we develop a decentralized and trustworthy quantum federated learning (QFL) framework. The proposed QFL leverages the power of blockchain to create a secure and transparent system that is robust against cyberattacks and fraud. In addition, the decentralized QFL system addresses the risks associated with a centralized server-based approach. With extensive experiments and analysis, we evaluate classical federated learning (CFL) and QFL in a distributed setting and demonstrate the practicality and benefits of the proposed design. Our theoretical analysis and discussions develop a genuinely decentralized financial system essential for the Metaverse. Furthermore, we present the application of blockchain-based QFL in a hybrid metaverse powered by a metaverse observer and world model. Our implementation details and code are publicly available 1.


In order to determine whether collagen wound dressing (CAS) has any immunogenicity, we carried out various immunological tests with Japanese albino rabbits and BALB/c mice. CAS extract produced no antibodies while atelocollagen, the source material of CAS, has less antigenicity than acid soluble collagen, a tropocollagen. Moreover, the antigenicity of CAS was much lower than that of lyophilized porcine skin which is much used in clinical practice. It is assumed that CAS would be immunologically safe as a wound dressing.


The frescoes of the newly restored crypt at the Byzantine monastery of Hosios Loukas in Greece represent one of the best preserved ensembles of monumental decoration to survive from the Middle Ages. In this first full photo-documentation of the crypt of Saint Luke of Steiris, Carolyn Connor shows how the frescoes reflect the funerary and commemorative functions of the architecture they embellish, and how they suggest a new way of looking at this part of the medieval Byzantine empire. Offering clues to the sources of wealth and the motives of patrons who made possible such a lavish foundation, these frescoes also offer insight into Byzantine beliefs about miracles and healing cults. Connor begins by examining the complex relationships among the frescoes: together the forty portraits of saints, eight Christological scenes, and other depictions proclaim a message of salvation and confirm that this crypt was a place of miracles. Through a study of the religious, cultural, social, and political background of the monastery, Connor integrates the program of the frescoes with its historical context and proposes a new dating for the architecture--changed from the eleventh century to the late tenth century.


A bank failure can affect the entire financial system of a country and cause a systemic crisis. For that reason, it is important to predict a bank bankruptcy because it can prevent or reduce the high costs that this entails. Over the years, a great variety of models for predicting bankruptcy have been developed. One of them is the widely known Altman Z-Score. The objective of this study is to confirm the validity of the Altman Z-Score model, particularly the Z2-Score, as a tool to predict the bank bankruptcies from one to five years prior to failure in the context of the Ecuadorian financial crisis in the late twentieth century. It requires two groups of banks: a "Bankrupt group" (made up of 14 banks that failed between 1998 and 1999) and a "Non-Bankrupt group" (formed by 24 banks that overcame the 1999 crisis). Finally, the results did not confirm the validity of the Altman Z2- Score model in the case of the Ecuadorian banking crisis.


This article further develops the author's previous investigations of Czech literature from the point of view of the values reflected in it, see for example, her Semiotic Odyssey through Czech Literature (1997). It compares the approach to death in some important Czech works from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. First, she compares the conception of death in Karel Hynek Macha's Maj (1836) and Němcova's Babicka (1855) and comes to the conclusion that although Němcova does not express fear of death like Macha does, she subconsciously reflects a certain trauma, characteristic of society of the time and projects that trauma into the character Viktorka, the outcast. She then points out the unexpected similarity between Macha and Němcova in the relationship between death and sexuality. Both Macha's hero and Němcova's Viktorka meet violent deaths in consequence of a mistaken sexual relationship, cheated by their lovers. Death is thus directly related to the absence of love. The only difference is that Macha is in this respect critical of the role of society, whereas Němcova passively accepts it. The next part of the article analyzes the conception of death in Jan Neruda's Povidky malostranske (1878). It argues that here death is a regular everyday matter, usually accompanied by the indifference of the deceased's neighbours and kin and sometimes even caused by their cruelty. It has no concealed symbolic value as it does, by
contrast, in Macha and Němcova. Neruda presents death as a realistic external observer. The last part analyzes the conception of death in works by Bohumil Hrabal and Milan Kundera and distinguishes between innovative values incorporated into different works by these two authors and values passively accepted from the society's code of the time. On the whole the author concludes that the approach to death is contingent on individual and period styles and social values characteristic of a particular area, time, and social strata, as well as on personal approach and experience, indeed even on the age of the authors at the time they were writing. The article points out that contemplating death as a semiotic event mandates consideration of the semiotics of the narrator's life.


DOI: 10.4328/ACAM.20376 Received: 2020-10-21 Accepted: 2020-11-20 Published Online: 2020-11-28 Printed: 2021-03-01 Ann Clin Anal Med 2021;12(3):345-348 Corresponding Author: Sevda Cabay Durmaz, Department of Anatomy, İnönü University Institute of Health Sciences, 44280, Malatya, Turkey. E-Mail: email@example.com P: +90 5413485005 Corresponding Author ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7792-5306 Abstract Congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG) is an inherited metabolic disease characterized by defects in the synthesis of glycan groups of glycoproteins and glycolipids. In this study, we present the clinical, pathological and physical evaluation of a 10-year-old female patient who is still alive and has been diagnosed with CDG type 2, accompanied by musculoskeletal, heart, liver, lung involvement, vision and hearing problems, dysmorphic facial findings, as well as the affected central nerve system. The necessary measures were taken considering all possibilities and the fact that she did not have a clear diagnosis at a very early age and was diagnosed after a comprehensive evaluation. In particular, the physical treatment process, which started at a very early age, substantially prevented the delayed musculoskeletal, respiratory and circulatory problems by extending over a period of time. In this context, we think that our case is rare in the literature.


The history of network management was introduced firstly.Secondly,the object, the functional contents and the service layers of network management were briefly discussed.Thirdly,the basic theories and the main techniques of network management were analyzed.Furthermore,the application state of network management was concluded.Finally,the new development of network management techniques was summarized.


Employees are considered as the human capital of any organization. If employees are
motivated and satisfied they will perform their duties diligently and actively.
The motives of this study was to find the role financial rewards in employee's job
satisfaction and how are they helps an organization to maintain the continuity of the
work in a powerful manner and help organizations to achieve its goals.
The objectives of the study were to determine the relationship between financial
rewards and satisfaction level of employees with respect to their salary and position and
to examine the importance of job satisfaction on employees.
The data were collected through questionnaire, analyzed by way of descriptive analysis
as the questions were distributed and analyzed through percentage.
The study establish that financial rewards has a very big role to play in a job
satisfactions as well as financial rewards within the force is not good,
The research recommends that satisfaction of employees is essential in improving
employees' work performance. Ability to perform is not enough for effective
performance. Employees have to satisfy their need for them to realise their maximum
potential.


A field trial was conducted to optimize the planting date and appropriate clone for ware potato production at Horticulture Research Station, Malepatan, Pokhara from October 2015 to March 2016. The trial was laid out in two factors Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design. There were nine treatments with three replications. The treatments comprised of three dates of planting (30th October, 14th and 29th November) and three potato clones (Janakdev, Lbr 40 and PRP 266264.1). The results showed that the main effects of planting dates and potato clones significantly (Pl0.05) affected most growth, yield and yield attributing parameters of the crop. Interaction effect of planting dates and potato clones also significantly influenced the number of above-ground stems per plant, ground cover percentage, number of tubers per plant, number and weight of small size tuber (l25 g), weight of medium or seed size (25-50 g) tuber and large size (g50 g) tuber, number and yield of tubers per plot, and yield t/ha. The highest yield (37.05 t/ha) was obtained from 14th November planting. The clone Lbr 40 produced a higher yield (36.05t/ha). The clone PRP 266264.1 planting on 30th October planting produced significantly a higher yield (41.34t/ha). The clone Lbr 40 produced significantly highest number and weight of large size (g50 g) tuber. Number of small size (l25 g) tuber per plot or unmarketable tuber significantly increased on delayed planting.


Based on the field survey,this article introduces and analyses the status quo of vocational(education),and existing problems in Heshun Township of Tengchong County.The major problem lies in peoples prejudice against vocational education,outdated course setup,impracticable curriculum,and lack of job opportunities for graduates.Some countermeasures are provided in the article.


A key is presented to separate the six known species of Para cymus found in the Palearctic region. Descriptions and distribution data are given for each and the genitalia are illustrated for five of the species. This paper is one of a series on the Paracymus of the major faunal re gions of the world. No new species are described, but it is hoped that the information presented will prove useful because the literature on the palearctic species is scattered and the descriptions of most are inadequate to allow certain recognition. The key presented is, to my knowledge, the only one available for separating all known palearctic species of Paracymus. As with other Old World faunal regions, no overlap of Paracymus species from other regions has been found. I have seen few specimens from the Eastern Asian mainland, however, so it is possible that intensive col lecting there might reveal species from the Oriental Faunal Region. The number of specimens I have examined from North Africa leads me to be lieve that it is unlikely that any species from the Ethiopian Faunal Region will be found in the Palearctic Region, and it is fairly certain that no species of Paracymus are holarctic. I have been unable to locate the types of most of the species discussed in this paper. I have therefore had to depend to some extent on identifica tions made by earlier workers, most notably d'Orchymont. Whenever pos sible I have also examined specimens from the original type-localities.


Objective To explore the possible correlation of adiponectin with ISI and acute insulin response(AIR) in subjects with impaired IGT and the newly diagnosed T2DM patients.Methods The 28 normal subjects,31 subjects with IGT,and 31 patients with newly diagnosed T2DM were included in the study.The ISI and AIR were assessed by the reduced sample number Bergmans minimal model method.And the level of serum adiponectin was measured at the same time.Results The level of serum adiponectin was negatively correlated with BMI,WHR,SBP,FPG,2 hPG,FIns,postprandial insulin(PI),HbA1c and TG(all P0.01),and positively correlated with ISI(r=0.565,P0.01),however,no correlation with AIR.Conclusion The decrease of serum adiponectin may play a role in the development of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.


For the purpose of providing the basic data for health management of workers who are exposed to chromium and for improving the quality of working environment, the authors evaluated blood and urinary level of chromium, the occupational history. AST, ALT, Hb, Hct, nasal specular examinaton on 287 workers who have been dealed chromium compounds in 56 manufacturing Industries of five types, that is, 38 metal plating services(plating),4 manufacture of other fabricated metal products (fabricated metal product), 5 manufacturing of dyestuff(dyestuff), 6 dressing and dyeing of leather(leather), 3 others(manufacture of pottery and ceramic househod wares, motor vehicles, electronic valves and tubes and other electronic components) and also measured the level of chromium in air from February to October 1993. The results were as follows ; 1. The utilized type of chromium compounds was the hexavalent state in plating fabricated metal product dyestuff, leather and the trivalent state in .other, and atmosperic chromium concentration as geometric mean was in plating, in fabricated matal product, in dyestuff, in leather in other by the type of industry and it exceeded TLV-TWA () in five (13.6%) of plating services. 2. The geometric mean of chromium in blood was in Plantng, in fabricated metal product, in dyestuff, in leather, in other by the type of industry(p in planting, in fabricated metal product, in dyestuff, in leather, in other by the type of industry(p(P (P


In order to solve the problem that the interpretation precision of infrared measurement images can not be detected,a precision detection method using simulation images is presented according to the principle of sub-pixel subdivision.The background of an infrared measurement image is simulated by using the random superimposition of typical targets.The position of the target is determined by using a full frame of image.The simulation of the infrared measurement image is achieved through the sub-pixel interpolation of the image and noise simulation.Finally,the detection of the interpretation precision of the infrared measurement image is achieved through the interpretation of the known target points.


The objective of this work was to study the germination and the storage of seeds of Virola surinamensis (Rol.) Warb. in laboratory conditions, in the State of Amapa, Brazil. Fruits were harvested in the "Ekinox" Private Reserve of Natural Patrimony, located at Macapa. Seeds recently harvested in the original seedlot showed 24% mean water content and lower water gain, during soaking. Due to differences in the size and/or weight, the seeds were separated in two groups: large and small. Independently of seed size, the highest germination percentage and the lower average germination time occurred at 30oC. Seeds stored under natural (27 oC ± 3 e 75% ± 5 RU) or germination chamber conditions (20 oC e 58% RU) showed viability lower than 2%, attesting the recalcitrant behavior of Virola surinamensis.


It is demonstrated that the interstellar gas may be unstable to the isentropic growth of linear perturbations in regions where the molecular transitions governing the cooling of the gas are thermalized and where strong heat sources are present. The possibility that such instabilities lead to the formation of protostars and interstellar masers is discussed.


Survey results show that 30 percent of Alberta bees were killed in the 2006 / 2007 winter. This reported winterkill is twice the long-term average in Alberta but is in line with this year's Canadian average (29 percent). The survey also reveals that 15 percent of the surviving colonies were weak with less than 3 frames covered with bees. The survivorship and production of these weak colonies in 2007 is questionable. The winterkill plus weak colonies percentage was lowest in region 1 (southern Alberta), followed by central regions 2, 3 and 4, and region 5 (Peace River area) was the highest. Overall in the province, 50 percent of the beekeepers reported losing about half of their productive hives in 2007 due to winterkill and weak colonies. The responses in this survey indicate that disappearance or starvation were not major factors in the higher overwinter losses in Alberta. The data also reveals that loss rates cannot be attributed the Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) currently in the United States. Over-winter losses in Alberta during 2006 / 07 may be attributed to a combination of several potential causes: • The unusual weather conditions during the 2006 bee season encouraged the retention of summer bees and reduced the production of winter bees. • The late arrival of spring in 2007 prolonged winter stress and delayed availability of spring forage. • Varroa mites unexpectedly developed resistance to applied miticides. Consequently, mite populations were higher than normal in bee colonies and damaged winter bees. • The earIy onset of winter made it difficult to treat varroa with alternative products to protect winter bees. • The late treatments also increased the stress on hives, making them more vulnerable to winterkill factors. • In spring 2007, beekeepers reported higher than normal incidence of Nosema-like symptoms. The percentage infection with Nosema-like symptoms was positively correlated with winterkill and winterkill plus weak colonies. Though beekeepers feed medicated sugar syrup in the fall to control Nosema, the chemotherapy did not work well in some cases. The failure of treatment is under investigation. • Viruses and other pathogens were often present as a secondary infection and this added stress to over-wintering colonies.


The Sun manifests its magnetic field in form of the solar activities, being observed on the surface of the Sun. The dynamo action is responsible for the evolution of the magnetic field in the Sun. The present article aims to present an overview of the studies have been carried on the theory and modelling of the solar dynamo. The article describes the alpha-omega dynamo model. Generally, the dynamo model involves the cyclic conversion between the poloidal field and the toroidal field. In case of alpha-omega dynamo model, the strong differential rotation generates a toroidal field near the base of the convection zone. On the other hand, the turbulent helicity leads to the generation of the poloidal field near the surface. The turbulent diffusion and the meridional circulation are considered as the two important flux transport agents in this model. The article briefly describes the theory of solar dynamo and mean field dynamo model.


Lifetime reproductive performance and behaviour are established in utero driven by genetics and the steroidal milieu of the uterine environment. Developing males synthesise androgens that can be absorbed by females in the litter. Consequently, the proportion of males in a litter has the potential to affect both lifetime reproductive performance and behaviour of female littermates. Although reproductive potential is understandably important for gilt selection, behaviour is becoming progressively more important as group housing of sows increases. Aggression can be a cause for removal from the breeding herd, and can also negatively affect reproductive performance and herd longevity. This review covers existing evidence of masculinisation in rodents and sheep, the mechanism causing masculinisation, and the knowledge gaps surrounding masculinisation in pigs. Premature culling of gilts is an economic and animal welfare issue in the pork industry resulting in low retention of gilts and reduced productivity. The selection of gilts needs to be improved to incorporate both lifetime reproductive potential and behaviour. We determined that there is cause to investigate the effect of the birth litter sex ratio of a gilt on her suitability for selection into the breeding herd.


This paper introduces China aluminum industry production situation and emphasizes that aluminum industry should face to challenge of low-carbon age.


Executive Overview JD Edwards EnterpriseOne comprehensive OrdertoCash solution enhances customer experiences; increases sales orders processed daily, enables faster time to cash, and improves operational cost savings. In today's dynamic business environment, changes occur frequently: manufacturing lines go down, inventory has sourcing discrepancies, a strategic customer's order supersedes other orders in the system, and your company's Chief Financial Officer requires every sales order to be reflected in the financial books as soon as possible. Running JD Edwards' EnterpriseOne order to cash applications on Oracle Engineered Systems is the culmination of Oracle's " Engineered to Work Together " strategy. Outstanding performance and manageability offer immediate benefits such as reducing order to cash cycle time. Customers realize immediate business benefits by reducing the time necessary to complete frontoffice and backoffice processes. What if sales spike and unexpected shipping delays could be acted on within minutes or hours rather than days or weeks? Extremely fast software performance decreases the time needed to enter and process customer orders, minimizes disruptions to daily tasks, reduces the costly ramifications of interrupting manufacturing runs, improves the monitoring and evaluation of customers' creditworthiness, and most importantly, keeping your strategic customers so satisfied they continue to order. Introduction OrdertoCash is among the most important revenue generating process that organizations perform. Whether a customer enters their own sales order, calls in to a company representative, or sends orders electronically via EDI, customers expect to quickly know order details, cost, and delivery dates, regardless if the sales order has one line or thousands. For highly complex orders such as engineertoorder and configuretoorder products, the manufacturing floor must be notified so they can schedule the manufacturing process. Order fulfillment assigns the appropriate warehouse to source from and allocates the inventory to be picked, packaged, and shipped. JD Edwards' EnterpriseOne credittocash applications complete the ordertocash process by driving working capital, lowering the DSO ratio, increasing customer satisfaction, and maintaining fiscal discipline. Speed is key, and optimizing software and hardware is essential for improving the orderto cash and credittoorder processes. Enterprises operate in changing environments increasing visibility of the entire ordertocash process by providing near realtime information enables managers to consider all possible solutions, choose the best option, and execute on that decision. With the performance gains of running JD Edwards order to cash applications on Oracle Engineered Systems, organizations can process more sales orders with greater frequency, minimize disruptions in fulfillment, reduce the costly …


In this thesis properties of probe particle traveling through quark gluon plasma as created in heavy ion collisions are investigated. In the first part, probability distribution P(k1 ) is calculated for an energetic parton that propagates for a distance L through a weakly coupled medium without radiating to pick up transverse momentum kI. Results for P(k1 ) in weakly coupled quark gluon plasma are compared to expectations from holographic calculations that assume a plasma that is strongly coupled at all length scales. It is found that the shape of P(kI) at modest k1 may not be very different in weakly coupled and strongly coupled plasmas, but P(k1 ) must be parametrically larger in a weakly coupled plasma than in a strongly coupled plasma at large enough kI. In the second part of the thesis the drag force acting on a heavy quark propagating through the matter which is far from or close to equilibrium in a strongly coupled gauge theory that can be analyzed holographically is computed and studied. It is found that fluid velocity and temperature gradients affect the drag force but does not substantially modify it as long as fluid is close to equilibrium. When quark is away from equilibrium, the modification of drag force manifests in terms of the delay time with respect to equilibrium expectations. These aspects are illustrated for the example of two colliding shockwaves where fluid is far from equilibrium at early times as well as for any fluid close to equilibrium in which case drag force expressions are obtained analytically. Thesis Supervisor: Krishna Rajagopal Title: Professor of Physics Thesis Supervisor: Hong Liu Title: Associate Professor of Physics


Industrial and automotive applications such as on-board chargers, string inverters and motor drives require some type of isolated current measurement to drive the feedback algorithm for the current control loop while protecting the digital circuitry from the high-voltage circuit performing a function. Given their high performance, isolated amplifiers are excellent devices for transferring current-measurement data across the isolation barrier. However, selecting the correct isolated amplifier is not always a straightforward process. There are many decisions to consider when selecting an isolated amplifier, such as isolation specifications, how to power the high side and selection of the input voltage range. This article covers each of these decisions in detail to help select an isolated amplifier best suited to a specific system. The first decision when selecting a device for isolated current measurement is to determine the level of isolation required. There are two levels of isolation, basic and reinforced. System architecture and end-equipment standards such as International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61800 for motor drives and IEC 60601 for medical equipment will specify the required isolation level. Here are the main specifications that quantify the performance of the isolation barrier: • The isolation working voltage is the maximum voltage defined in the root-mean-square voltage that the isolated amplifier can handle continuously throughout its operating life. • Common-mode transient immunity describes the maximum rate of change in ground potential difference that the isolated amplifier can withstand without errors. • The isolation transient overvoltage is the voltage defined in the peak-to-peak voltage that the isolated amplifier can tolerate for 60 s. • The surge rating (impulse voltage rating) according to IEC 60065 is the 1.2-/50-μs voltage magnitude that the isolated amplifier can tolerate without failure.


The paper aims to determine the effects of some economic, psychological and sociological motivators on motivation levels of employees in furniture industry companies depending on some socio-demographic characteristics. In order to measure their motivation levels, a questionnaire was applied to 100 people working in enterprises that employ 10 or more people, which are thought to apply a motivation system in the Furniture Manufacturers Site in Ankara. The obtained data were processed using package programs for statistical analysis and the data were evaluated. According to the results: The type of production was not effective on employee motivation. While increasing occupational health and safety and giving more responsibility provided more motivation for male employees, the openness of career paths was more effective for female employees. The effect of both factors that "job assurance" and "independent work and performance feedback" effects on employee performance increased as the working time of employees in the current workplace increased.


Neurological manifestation was found in 28.2% of the patients. Psychiatric disorder was the most prevalent manifestation (21.8%), followed by cerebrovascular disease (11.8%), movement disorder (5.5%), convulsive disorder (2.7%), polyneuropathy (10.9%), autonomic alteration (5,5%) and cranial neuropathy (9.1%). The manifestation of seizures was associated with cutaneous lesions (4.1%, p = 0.001) and thrombocytopenia (23.1%, p = 0.021). Patients with cerebrovascular disease presented hemolytic anemia (50.0%, p = 0.042) and positive tests for anti-B2GP1-IgG and anti-B2GP1-IgM (23.8%, p = 0.017, p = 0.013). Movement disorder was associated with hemolytic anemia (50.0%, p = 0.012). An association between Raynaud's phenomenon (14.3%, p = 0.036), anti-SSB / La positivity (20.0%, p = 0.035), lupus anticoagulant (16.7%, p = 0.004) and anti-B2GP1-IgG and anti-B2GP1-IgM (23.8%, p = 0.017, p = 0.013) was also observed in cases of autonomic alterations. Polyneuropathy was associated with cutaneous SLE (13.3%, p = 0.038), lupus anticoagulant positivity (23.3%, p = 0.019) and anti-B2GP1-IgM (23.8%, p = 0.013).


The balanced development between economy and environment is of crucial importance to China. The paper bases on the hypothesis of Environmental Kuznets Curve. Then we establish the panel data model in purpose of analyzing relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution in China with panel data: cross sections are almost all provinces of China and time series of 1989-2004. Further more, we apply the FEM and REM to estimate the model. The result shows that: Environmental Kuznets Curve does not exist in China up to now. Therefore, China can not repeat the developed countries' traditional model "damage environment in order to growth, then cure it". So sustainable development should be the wise policy for China's industrialization .


This presentation illustrates one of the capabilities of a numerical laboratory in the study of acoustic‐elastic wave interaction. Because of the simultaneous presence of many modes of vibration, multipath, and mode conversion, physical experiments are difficult to instrument well enough to unravel the wave interactions. As an alternative, numerical results from a 2‐D finite difference solution to the elastodynamic equations mimic the physical interaction of a transient acoustic pulse with a finite elastic object. In this case the field variables of velocity and stress are computed directly and instrumentation is not an issue. In the experiment presented here, a 500‐Hz center frequency pulse insonifies a submerged steel plate with dimensions ≈2λ × λ/20, where λ is the wavelength in steel. Diffractions from the ends of the plate are observed as well as the flexural and longitudinal plate modes that arise from the coupling of acoustic to elastic energy. In addition, radiation of acoustic energy into the wat...


Field experiment was conducted with conventional organic sources like Bio-compost, non-conventional organic sources like municipal solid waste compost and industrial by-products viz., bagasse ash and rice husk ash with chemical fertilizers. The soil was coarse loamy with pH of 8.1, EC (0.160 dSm-1) and classified as Typic Ustropept. Regarding the available nutrient status it was 116 kg ha-1 in alkaline KMnO4-N, 15 kg ha -1 in Olsen P and 235.00 kg ha-1 in NH4OAC-K. The treatments were T1Control 100% RDF, T2-100% RDF + Municipal Solid Waste Compost @5 t ha -1, T3-75% RDF + Municipal Solid Waste Compost @10 t ha-1, T4-100% RDF + Bio-compost @ 2.5t ha -1, T5-75% RDF + Bio-compost @ 5t ha -1, T6-100% RDF + Bagasse Ash @ 5 t ha-1, T7-75% RDF + Bagasse Ash @ 10 t ha -1, T8-100% RDF + Rice Husk Ash @ 5 t ha -1, T9-75% RDF + Rice Husk Ash @ 10 t ha-1. The results showed that the application of 75% RDF + Municipal Solid Waste Compost @ 10 t ha-1 registered the grain yield (10.09 t ha-1) and stover yield (11.55 t ha-1). The combined application of 75% RDF + Municipal Solid Waste Compost @ 10 t ha-1 recorded the grain N uptake (135.62 kg ha-1), P uptake (23.60 kg ha-1), K uptake (26.29 kg ha-1) and stover uptake of NPK as 44.48, 12.10 and 78.66 kg ha-1.


The wear of component is regularly a serious issue prompting the product provision period. Wear prophecy is consequently a vital area in technology. The wear recreation method with profitable software ANSYS 10.0 finite element (FE) was implemented with the linear wear Archard equation. The wear of commercially available brake pad sliding against Ti-6Al-4V disc was analyzed with FEM under different operating conditions such as normal load, sliding velocity, sliding distance and operating temperature. A 3D-8 node structural element (SOLID 185) and 3D-8 node surface-to-surface contact elements (Target 170 and Contact 174) is used to analyze the wear of pin and disc. Using ideal boundary conditions, the simulation predicts the wear rate, wear depth, contact pressure and contact friction stresses under different operating conditions at the contact zone.


Time and Space in the Spa Visitor's Experience

The space of the Spa is shaped by the Spa visitor's timecontrolled movement. Controlled by the water-cure and the course of treatment, they moved between and within places with different character and function inside the Spa Garden. The time experience consists of both the experience of following the precise schedule through the water-cure and the experience of history. History is an underlying part of the present experience of the Spa visitor through the history of water and different ancient monuments as well as the history of the landscape surrounding the Spa that could be viewed from inside.

The Spa is a closed space as a whole; with certain views to the outside, as well as it is a well-defined place. The first "place-shaping" factor is the shield from the surroundings and the distinct difference between outside and inside through the fence and the entrance fee. A symbol of passing from the outside to the inside lies in the water and its liminal qualities. By drinking the water in the first glass of the course of treatment the first step is taken towards shaping of an "inside-space". The movement, a necessary factor in space-shaping, then starts with slow walking to make the water "more efficient" within the body. After each glass of water a few minutes of slow walking was mandatory and after the last glass a 30 minutes walk was prescribed. This required a space for short walks adjacent to the well as well as a larger park space not so far from the well. The space closest to the well had many restrictions, such as the necessity of benches for resting, trees for shadow and dry grounds. Since the larger park space was well visited, a number of rare trees and beautiful flower plantings were frequently put there as a delight and a brilliant display. These two spaces, where the visitor was the most time controlled, were the first spaces in the Spa visitors experience and together they can be called the well-drinking space.

In the afternoons, the water-cure schedule permitted shorter travels to beautiful places in the surroundings for walking or longer walks and other activities within the Spa's own park space. These "walking-spaces" often meant a larger degree of nature experience than the well-drinking spaces, which is somewhat connected to the belief that the nature was healing and not entirely dangerous, evolving from Rousseau's ideas during the early decades of the 1800s in Sweden. However, an experience of nature as a beautiful place has existed longer than that and an experience of "the beautiful" and trips to surrounding nature has been a part of the Spa programme and water-cure since the first Spa well was founded in Sweden at Medevi 1678. The trips to surroundings and the walks in the scenery often included vistas and views over monuments or beautiful landscape sceneries. As a part of the visitor's experience of space, the beautiful view of the landscape and the walk to this view can symbolise the essence of the Spa idea; better health and a sense of calm through movement and an experience of time and space.


The purpose of this study was to examine the motives of tourists who visited ecotourism villages in Korea. A self-administered survey was obtained from 254 visitors in six ecotourism villages. As for the motivations of ecotourism village visitors, four factors (`relaxation`, `adventure`, `experience natural` and `family togetherness`) were extracted. Three distinct segments were identified based on the motivation : multipurpose seekers (45.3%), relaxation seekers (34.6%), family togetherness seekers (20.1%). Socio-demographic characteristics and tourism behaviors of each segmentation were also analyzed. The findings should be of interest to practitioners of ecotourism village marketing and operation.


For a multivariate normal set up, it is well known that the maximum likelihood estimator of covariance matrix is neither admissible nor minimax under the Stein loss function in the literature. We use the full Iwasawa decomposition to enchance the phenomenon that the property of maximum likelihood estimators for the different coordinate systems is inconsistent under the Stein type loss function. Furthermore, under the geodestic distance on the space of positive definite symmetric matrices we show that the minimum risk functions of maximum likelihood estimator via the different coordinate systems, the Cholesky decomposition, the Iwasawa decomposition and the orthogonal decomposition, are all the same.


PurposeThe study aims to review state-of-art literature on supply chain resilience in SMEs in the context of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and provides a comprehensive view of insights gained, gaps identified and suggests potential areas of future research.Design/methodology/approachUsing a thorough search strategy, 46 articles were found relevant for this study. Each of these articles was further reviewed, classified and analysed to highlight the development of literature in this field and identify the significant focal area of research in this domain.FindingsThe classification of studies indicates a growing number of articles in the last two years with a significant focus on multiple industries and survey-based research design. The study's findings suggest that literature on supply chain resilience in SMEs falls into four categories: supply chain resilience principle, impact of COVID-19 pandemic on SMEs, strategies for developing supply chain resilience and role of Industry 4.0 technologies in supply chain resilience. We also identified knowledge gaps and suggested directions for future research to catalyse studies at the interface of supply chain resilience, SMEs and COVID-19 pandemic.Research limitations/implicationsThe generalisability of this study can be limited to a specific population of online databases and selected time periods chosen for a particular period.Originality/valueThe study provides a structured literature review on studies published between 2012 and 2022 for the use of academicians and practitioners. Findings will be of great value for SMEs to improve their resilience during the uncertain business environment.


By means of literature review,questionnaire survey,interview and on-the-spot investigation and mathematical statistics,this paper analyzes sports activity characteristics in agricultural and pastoral areas of Qinghai province.The main contents include the characteristics of sports consumption,sports population characteristics,propaganda and organizational management characteristics,social sports instructor training usage characteristic and mass sports resources features.Based on the analysis,sports activity suggestions for residents in agricultural and pastoral areas are put forward.


Recent studies 1 indicate that polysaccharides from various parasitic helminths are immunologically active, and that their chemical properties are similar to ordinary preparations of glycogen. The present study was undertaken to ascertain whether precipitins could be produced against glycogen from livers of the guinea pig, chicken and frog, and from fresh water clams. Preparations of glycogen were obtained as follows: finely ground tissue was suspended in 3 volumes of hot distilled water and kept in a boiling-water bath for 30 minutes. The solution, after the water-insoluble material had been discarded, was acidified to approximately pH 5, and left for several hours at room-temperature in 2 volumes of 95% ethyl alcohol. The precipitate which formed was resus-pended in 1.0% acetic acid, and after 0.2 volume of 95% alcohol had been added, was chilled for several hours in the refrigerator. All insoluble material was then discarded, and the soluble glycogen precipitated with one volume of alcohol and rapidly dried with absolute alcohol and ether. Such preparations were essentially free of nitrogen and gave no protein reactions. Rabbits were immunized by 10 intraabdominal injections of 0.1 gm. of finely ground fresh material of one of the following: guinea pig, chicken or frog livers or fresh water clams. The "ring" method of precipitin-test was used. Serums were diluted 1:2 with 0.9% NaCl and antigens tested in a series of dilutions from 1 :100 to 1:51,200. The rabbit anti serums did not react with glycogen from guinea pig, chicken or frog livers, but anticlam serums did contain precipitin against the glycogen from fresh water clams (titre as dilution of antigen, 1 :12,800). There were no cross-reactions between clam-antigens and antigens from various parasitic helminths. Liver-glycogen, therefore, appears to be either immunologically inactive or else the glycogens present in the 4 vertebrates studied (guinea pig, chicken, frog and rabbit) are antigenically identical, whereas glycogens obtained from clams and helminths are immunologically active and specific. These results are in part contradictory to those obtained by Ikeda, 2 who found that glycogen from mammalian tissues induced organ-specific antibodies when injected into rabbits.


Objective To improve the diagnosis and treatment of closed injury of small intestine. Methods From 1993 to 2003,48 cases with closed injury of sma ll intestine were analyzed retrospectively.Results The abdominal pain and sign o f peritoneal irritation of different degree were found in all cases.The positive rate of peritoneo-centesis was 58 3%.The free air of subdiaphragm was in 54 8%.Hydroperitonia was found by ultrasound examination in 75%.46 cases were c ured,2 cases died from hemorrhagic shock.Postopereative complications were infec tion of incisional wound in 3 cases,intestinal adhesion in 1 case and pelvic abs cess in 2 cases.Conclusion The history,clinical manifestation and asisted examin ation are helpful for early diagnosis of closed injury of small intestine. The n egative of peritoneo-centesis and free air of subdiaphragm cann′t exclude the perforation of small intestine.Early surgical treatment is the key to improve th e cure rate of traumatic intestinal rupture.The exploratory laparotomy should be overall,careful and in turn examination to avoid misdiagnosis.


Unit of Public Service Agency (PSA Work Unit). UNNES continues to improve itself towards better community service, which is as a Legal Entity State University. Legal Entity State University will have a highly positive impact, especially the autonomy of academic and non-academic administration and management. One of the important efforts in order to achieve the status of UNNES as a Legal Entity State University, it is necessary to form a legal document that is the basis of an organization in the form of a Statute. In the preparation of the Statute, it will not be likely to obtain a suitable Statute without the study and analysis outlined in the Academic Document. Based on this background, this research was based on the formulation of the problem on what is the rationality of the Academic Document that needs to be built, in order to produce a Statute of Legal Entity State University that is suitable for UNNES? And what is the formulation/draft of the Statute of UNNES as a Legal Entity State University in order to materialize the vision of UNNES, which is the Conservation Vision-Based University and International Reputation? Based on the formulation of the problem it is intended to produce an Academic Document of the Statute of UNNES as a Legal Entity State University and the legality document of UNNES as a Legal Entity State University, especially in the form of a constitutional Draft Statute.


This article discusses the regulation of polygamy in Law No. 1 of 1974 and its derivative rules, as well as the Compilation of Islamic Law with an analysis of Islamic legal philosophy/maqashid al-shari'ah. This research is based on the legitimacy of polygamy as stated in Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, article 3, paragraph 2. Polygamy also has rules that require the husband to obtain formal permission from the wife through a court process. Why do the Marriage Regulations regulate this? This research is based on a qualitative descriptive literature review. The method of analysis employed was content analysis, which involved creating an inventory of Indonesian family law norms and analyzing them using the maqashid al-shari'ah theory. This study finds that the regulation of polygamy in Indonesia is carried out to protect women's rights and children's rights. Furthermore, the rule aims to build a happy, peaceful, and prosperous family in the long run (sakinah, mawaddah, wa rahmah). This is in accordance with maqashid al-shari'ah, particularly in terms of soul preservation and descendent preservation.


Objective In order to explore the new DDS,the effects of gemini surfactant on the physical-chemical properties and pH sensitivity of pH sensitive niosome were investigated.Methods The pH sensitive noisome was prepared by thin film hydration-ultrasonic method,taking Gemini surfactant,Tween 20,cholesterol and CHEMS as wall material.And the influence of CHEMS and Gemini surfactant on the physical-chemical properties of the noisome were studied by using DLS to measure the variation of vesicle size,PDI,zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency with the increasing concentration of the above two substances.The release rate in different pH buffer solution of the noisome and the fluorescent intensity of the niosome in different buffer solution was also determined after being incubated in the bovine serum for 2h to investigate the pH sensitivity of the noisome.Results The obtained pH sensitive Gemini noisome was almost a monodisperse vesicular system with high encapsulation efficiency high pH sensitivity and the quick release of the enveloped drug in acid environment,moreover the pH sensitive Gemini noisome can hold it's pH sensitivity in the buffer solution containing the bovine serum.Conclusion The prepared pH sensitive noisome can be used to transport of drugs to the target site,and might be explored to an ideal drug delivery system.


Lederer (1863) erected the genus Diathrausta for his new species Diathrausta profundalis from "Amboina" [Indonesia]. Nine species were later added by Hampson (1903, 1917), Dyar (1913) and Druce (1899) mostly from the Old and NewWorld tropics. Munroe (1956) reviewed the North American species of Diathrausta, recognizing two species and three subspecies. He is the first to illustrate the male genitalia of some species in this genus. In total there are now 18 species in this genus (personal


Background: Surveys suggest wide-spread use of MART-1 in MMS for CM among Mohs surgeons, but no previous systematic review has investigated the efficacy of this specific procedure.
Methods: A systematic search and meta-analysis of retrospective studies on MMS with MART-1 was performed from Pubmed, Medline, and Cochrane databases for articles published from their inception to October 30, 2020. We performed a chi-squared analysis of homogenized data to examine the relationship between recurrence location and rate of recurrence. A risk of bias was obtained with the ROBINS-I tool. [PROSPERO ID: CRD42020221826]
Results: Among the included studies, there were a total of 15 (0.52%) local recurrences of melanoma in-situ and invasive melanoma after MMS with MART-1.
Conclusions: This review has served to demonstrate that MMS with MART-1 immunostaining in frozen sections is a technique that produces satisfactory recurrence rates for melanoma in-situ and invasive melanoma.


We consider a little-known abstract decomposition result, due to Dellacherie, and show that it yields many decompositions of measures, several of which are new. Then, we investigate how the outputs of the decomposition depend on its inputs, in particular characterising the two elements of the decomposition as projections in the sense of Riesz spaces and of metric spaces.


The innate immune system was evolutionary designed to protect the organism against various types of pathogens, including bacteria, parasites and viruses. However, in higher organisms the function of innate immune system is not restricted to the host defence and protection against of non-self components. The essential feature of the innate immune system that is required continuously for the haemostatic balance and healthy tissue turnover is the ability of major population of innate immune cells - tissue macrophages - to recognise and eliminate unwanted self components, including apoptotic cells, transformed cells, modified lipoproteins, excess of growth factors, cytokines and extracellular matrix components [1]. In case of pathogen attack or trauma, the innate immune system initiates acute inflammatory reaction and gives signals for adaptive immune cells to amplify the reaction in the antigen-specific ways. Once the danger is eliminated, the innate immune cells coordinate the resolution/healing phase and restore homeostatic balance. During the healing phase, the innate immune system supports angiogenesis, formation of tissue-specific extracellular matrix as well as recruitment and differentiation of somatic cells. The mistakes made by innate immune cells result in a broad range of pathologies, including cancer, cardio-metabolic disorders, allergies and neurodegeneration, and can also lead to the intolerance of implanted materials [2,3].

This issue is dedicated to demonstrate the recent advances in translation of fundamental knowledge about activation and function of the innate immune system into the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for several diseases with highest socio-economic significance: cardio-vascular disorders, airway inflammation and cancer.

Already in the early stage of these pathologies, innate immune cells undergo pathological activation that can be detected on the level of surface and secreted biomarkers. Circulating monocytes are primary sensors for changed levels of inflammatory cytokine, modified lipoproteins and hypoglycaemia in the blood circulation. Also activated platelets can induce switch towards CD16+ intermediate or non-classical monocyte formation. This and other mechanisms such as the release of cytokines by activated platelets or the interaction of platelets with immune cells highlight the significant role of platelets in the context of innate immunity [4]. Accumulating evidence in the identification of monocyte subsets by using not only CD16+ but also cytokine receptors, scavenger receptors and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) as biomarkers suggested that this is a very promising approach for the sensitive detection of hidden/low-grade inflammation that precedes cardio-metabolic disorders [5]. Moreover, the individual patient's predisposition for detrimental responses can be detected sensitively by ex vivo challenging of primary monocytes. These results can be used, e.g., for the prediction of potential inflammatory responses to biomaterials allowing the individualised selection of suitable materials and procedures in regenerative medicine. However, targeting of specific monocyte subsets needs much deeper understanding of their specific functions and their potential to differentiate into subsets of mature macrophages. Functions as well as potentials of these monocyte subsets thus become a field of intensive investigation today.

The detrimental role of eosinophils, another type of immune cells, in inflammatory disorders, in particular asthma, is clearly proven [6]. Series of novel drugs and monoclonal antibodies that specifically inhibit eosinophils are under development or in clinical trials. Moreover, recent advances in our understanding of eosinophil biology as well as the identification of their complex role not only in detrimental inflammatory reactions but also in control of homeostasis indicate that therapeutic targeting of these cells is a promising tool in the treatment of a broad range of eosinophilia-associated diseases. Targeting of innate immune receptors expressed on a broad range of cells is another efficient approach for treatment of airway inflammation. Recently, TLR7 expressed on plasmocytoid dendritic cells, monocytes, eosinophils, natural killer (NK) cells, T cells, epithelial cells and neurons attracted attention [7]. Thus synthetic TLR7 agonists are able to reduce airway hyperactivity, eosinophilic inflammation and airway remodelling. TLR7 ligands were suggested for treatment of both allergic and virus-induced airway disorders and have already entered clinical trials for treatment of allergic rhinitis [7].

The innate immune system has a highly complex role in progression of cancer, where several cell types including tumour-associated macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells and NK cells regulate primary tumour growth and metastatic processes by interacting with cancer cells, the tumour microenvironment and the vascular and lymphatic system [8,9,10,11]. The crucial step in tumour progression is the angiogenic switch, where for a long time tumour-associated macrophages were believed to be key inducing cells [12]. In this issue, Ammendola et al. [13] highlighted recent advances in the undertraining of the mechanisms of stimulation of tumour angiogenesis by mast cells and discuss new anti-cancer therapeutic strategies based on targeting mast cell degranulation factors.

Another essential process that has to be considered in developing novel anti-cancer therapies is tumour necrosis that occurs in hypoxic conditions and is associated with the release of damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs). DAMPs act as 'danger signals', recruiting inflammatory cells and promoting chronic inflammation and cancer progression. Lotfi et al. [14] suggest that the oxidizing conditions should be considered for therapeutic targeting of the tumour microenvironment, where adoptive transfer of eosinophils or induction of eosinophilia in tumour patients may be helpful. Suck et al. [15] elucidated another emerging cell therapy approach which is applied in the treatment of leukaemia and is based on the application of stable engineered NK cell lines. This approach is promising for the standardisation of leukaemia treatment and potentially can also be used for treatment of solid tumours. However, the risks associated with clinical application of artificially activated NK cells still require very careful evaluation.

In summary, targeting of innate immune cells, individual innate immune molecules and applying specifically programmed innate immune cells open new horizons in the treatment of a spectrum of disorders where chronic inflammation is a driving force. However, in order to increase efficiency and reduce the inherited risks of such approaches, a fundamental knowledge about the interplay of different innate immune cells and their cross-talk with adaptive immune cells, with the local microenvironment, with the vascular network and somatic cells in humans is indispensable.


Background: Every year half a million women get diagnosed with cervical cancer. Cervical cancer affects women in several aspects of life and is the cause of many different experiences, both physica ...


According to the characteristics of the sump cleaner's working condition,a designing project of hydraulic system was put forward,and the theory of operation was analyzed.This kind of project employs the fluid drive entirely and the touchable drive system that smoothes the way for the structural design.As a result,this hydraulic system can use energy reasonable and have perfect functions and reliable safety.


This paper demonstrates a novel fiber optic remote sensing system based on laser powering and a liquid-crystal optical modulator that transforms electrical signal of sensors into optical with low power consumption. A basic experiment for confirming the principle was conducted using a standard communication-grade semiconductor laser with the output of less than 20 mW both for laser powering and for sensor signal transmission. The sensor signal was transferred through 5-km-long optical fiber and detected with On/Off ratio of more than 15 dB.


The need for evolving support interventions that can help students in a wide range of settings is an ongoing requirement for middle schools today. Token reinforcement, which is a form of extrinsic motivation and incentivization, is studied within this meta-analysis to determine if significant treatment effects exist overall and if there are studies that show more gains than others. Most studies report significant positive gains individually, but the statistical significance is lost when the studies are reviewed as a whole. Variables such as sample size requirements, treatment effect variation, and session time all influence treatment effect size. Reinforcement has been shown to be a viable strategy for differentiation, but the area of standardization has yet to be adequately addressed within past and present research. Some effect size traits reported from the literature are supported within this meta-analysis, but the sampling, analysis, and interpretation protocols exhibited by certain studies make it difficult to remove bias and confounding within reinforcement studies. Further research avenues and additional considerations are discussed.


Small mobile wireless sensors are used in many different areas, and they are expected to become even more common in the future as the miniaturisation of electronics continues. The current trend of ...


This set of volumes is intended to document the data collection of the 1990-91 Schools and Staffing Surveys (SASS) and is intended for several types of readers. Researchers ready to access the datafile may choose to go directly to the Codebooks for each survey (Volumes II and III, for the Restricted-Use Version and the Public-Use Version, respectively), which contain the layout and descriptive information on all survey and sampling variables.


Aim: There is evidence that health care providers have insufficient knowledge and poor practices regarding the use of surgical mask Therefore, this study aimed to explore the knowledge, practices and attitude of healthcare providers about using face mask in order to limit the spreading of the novel coronavirus disease Methodology: This was a cross sectional pilot study included a questionnaire about the knowledge of health care workers regarding the use of surgical face mask to prevent the new COVID-19 spreading and about their practices and the attitude of them regarding the use of surgical face mask to limit the new COVID-19 exposure Results: About 86 21% of health care workers said that the correct way of using surgical face mask is White side facing in and about 65 52% of them said that N-95 mask is the mask type that actually protect against COVID-19 All of the respondents reported that they wear a mask in public places to protect themselves against COVID-19 and that they wear a mask in hospital premises to protect themselves against COVID-19 (100 00%) Conclusion: The Knowledge, attitude, and practice of health care providers regarding the use of surgical face masks were found to be good but still more knowledge is required about several aspects such as the types of masks, the duration of using masks and the disposal of the masks


In 21st century,new undergraduate colleges in China have developed fast.Nowadays new undergraduate colleges have been one of the most important backbone of higher education in China and have presented self-worth in the nearly twelve years.On the basis of Report on the Competitiveness Evaluation of University and Subjects in China,which was developed by Research Center for Chinese Science Evaluation,this paper selected 174 new undergraduate colleges to analyze from comprehensive competitiveness aspect and double sides of discipline evaluation aspect.The conclusion are: new undergraduate colleges are in the middle or lower level in the ranking of university evaluation,the discipline level distribution of most colleges looks like spindle-shaped structure,the discipline level of new undergraduate colleges is in the middle.In the future,new undergraduate colleges need to intensify teaching staff,discipline construction and orientation.