Fluorescence spectra of europium(III) and terbium(III) have been measured in methanolic solutions containing various amounts of [M(salen)] (M = Cu(II), Ni(II)), [Cr(salen)(H2O)2]Cl, [M(saltn)] (M = Cu(II), Ni(II)), [Cu(acacen)], [M(acac)2] (M = Cu(II), VIVO), [M(acac)3] (M = Cr(III), Co(III)), or [Ni(acac)2(H2O)2]. Our purpose was to investigate the influence of these metal complexes on the fluorescence of Eu(III) and Tb(III), where H2salen, H2saltn, H2acacen, and Hacac stand for N,N′ -bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine, N,N′-bis(salicylidene)-1,3-propanediamine, N,N′ -bis(1-methyl-3-oxobutylidene)ethylenediamine, and acetylacetone, respectively. The fluorescence intensities of both Eu(III) and Tb(III) decreased with increasing the concentration of [M(salen)] (M = Cu, Ni), [Cr(salen)(H2O)2]Cl, [M(saltn)] (M = Cu, Ni), [Cu(acacen)], and [M(acac)3] (M = Cr, Co), whereas it was little affected by simple metal salts. The intensity of Tb(III) increased up to the addition of a given amount of [M(acac)2] (M = Cu, ...


The authors contribute to practice-driven institutionalism by examining how the introduction of new field-level evaluation practices may facilitate encroachment of highly institutionalized organizational fields by new institutional logics. The authors conducted an inductive study of a trial of social impact bonds in the field of social integration services in Finland. Our analysis elaborates how new field-level evaluation practices created an experimental space that induced organizational practice experimentation, reconfigured relationships among field members, and lowered the barriers to entry for new organizations. The authors theorize how evaluation practices may create experimental spaces by suspending the carriers of established logics and legitimizing institutional innovations. The authors further elaborate how such spaces can bring about a parallel "shadow field" by inducing bottom-up experimentation aligned with a new institutional logic.


Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the prevalence and presentation of developmental defects of the enamel (DDE) in the mixed and permanent dentition of healthy school children residing in hills. Materials and Methods: A total of 1188 healthy school children were examined using modified DDE criteria for recording enamel defects. Results: The overall prevalence of DDE of any type was (51.3%) in both mixed and permanent dentition. Diffuse opacity was (25.3%) the most common defect and demarcated opacity was (23.1%) and whereas, enamel hypoplasia was the least prevalent defect with prevalence of (2.9%). Conclusion: The study population showed a high prevalence of DDE in primary as well as in the permanent dentition, reflecting the current increasing trend of this condition, which should be considered as a significant public health problem.


As a candidate for replacing the PZT, alkaline-niobate system received attention because of their high piezoelectric constants [4]. Among them, (K,Na)NbO3 is considered as a promising candidate for the lead-free piezoelectric ceramics due to its high Curie temperature. In this study, we propose the hydrothermal method to obtain the source powders for these alkaline-niobate ceramics. Usually, their row ceramic powders have been obtained through the solid-solution method. However, the potassium carbonate, K2CO3, which is a potassium source for potassium niobate, has the deliquescence property, so that it is difficult to weigh adequately. During calcinations process, the potassium atoms are easily evaporated; therefore the stoichiometric chemical component between potassium and niobium is a problem in KNbO3 synthesis[1-3]. On the contrary, the hydrothermal method overcomes these problems because of its unique performances. First of all, the low reaction temperature, around 200C, results in the high quality powders, due to its small residual stress inside the powder. Secondary, the potassium source can be alkaline hydroxide in spite of unstable K2CO3. During the hydrothermal process, the chemical component ratio becomes stoichiometric automatically. Moreover, the hydrothermal powder is so fine that the ball milling time could be eliminated, or can become a little time. In this study, sodium niobate materials were synthesized using the hydrothermal method, and after mixing with potassium niobate, powders were sintered into potassium–sodium niobate ceramics. We characterized their piezoelectric properties of its sintered ceramics.


In order to improve the forecasting accuracy of the occurrence period of insect pests, this paper puts forward a kind of improvedmethod of attribute reduction on rough set theory based on discernibility matrix. And, the forecasting model of insect pests is established by using improved rough set and BP network. The test results show that improved algorithm can reduce the complexity of computing, the number of conditional attribute reduction and the number of condition attributes after reduction than the original algorithm has obvious advantages. the average accuracy of the forecasting model reached to 90%.


Optical proximity correction (OPC) is well known as a predominant method to overcome the proximity effect. However, it is not so simple to implement OPC in real process because of the difficulty in designing, manufacturing and inspecting the masks. Simple and practical methods of overcoming the optical proximity effects (OPE) in DRAM application are widely studied in this work. Simulation based layout optimization is effective for periodic cell patterns but establishment of some tolerable rules for circuit design needed for random periphery patterns. The characteristics of optical proximity effects are investigated in sub-quarter micron lithography as a function of various optical parameters such as numerical aperture, degree of partial coherence, and illumination type. It is also investigated the dependency of OPE on the resist kind, resist thickness, soft bake and post exposure bake temperatures as well as different substrates films.


Abstract This paper presents an optimal Bangla Keyboard Layout, which distributes the load equally on both hands so that maximizing the ease and minimizing the effort. Bangla alphabet has a large number of letters, for this it is difficult to type faster using Bangla keyboard. Our proposed keyboard will maximize the speed of operator as they can type with both hands parallel. Here we use the association rule of data mining to distribute the Bangla characters in the keyboard. First, we analyze the frequencies of data consisting of monograph, digraph and trigraph, which are derived from data wire-house, and then used association rule of data mining to distribute the Bangla characters in the layout. Experimental results on several data show the effectiveness of the proposed approach with better performance. Keywords: monograph, digraph, trigraph, association rule, data mining, hand switching, support, confidence. 1 Introduction The usefulness of computer is increasing rapidly. It is the fastest growing industry in the world. New invention of technologies makes it faster. The billions of instructions can be done within a second nowadays. But the technology of input device like keyboard has not been changed much. The typing speed is very slow in respect of computer's other devices. Its main cause is the complex and insufficient keyboard layout and human limitations [8] [9]. A scientific keyboard layout with equal hands load and maximum hand switching can reduce this problem. The use of Bangla is increasing day by day in everyday life. Specially in data entry and printing sector. But there is no scientific Bangla keyboard layout at present and very few research works have been done in this field. We use the concept of data mining association rule to design Bangla keyboard layout that shows optimal and better performance than the existing keyboard layout. In this paper we have tried to design a Bangla keyboard layout using the association rule of data mining. We have collected the data from various Bangla documents and we have used the association rule to extract the association of Bangla letters each other. And finally we have designed a Bangla keyboard layout with equal hands load and maximum hand switching.


A new modular lightweight highway gantry was conceived to meet the growing need for structures to support driver information messages on the UK highway network. The system of components, which was connected using the alloy pin and collar fasteners (Huck bolts), was found to be suitable for manual handling of elements (light weight), as well as facilitating rapid assembly. Uniquely, the prototype gantry proved to be light enough to allow the pre-installation of signal equipment on the superstructure prior to lifting the entire span to a permanent location. Aluminium extrusions were developed by the designer to provide a convenient and robust method of connecting the main sections. Huck bolts were used to avoid the strength reduction and fatigue issues associated with welded connections. By using a modern equivalent of the rivet in conjunction with new structural sections, an efficient light, and economic structural system was produced. A 15 metre span prototype gantry was designed and load tested. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E211602.


According to the climate, geographical background and constructive status of Huhhot, the far sighted plan of urban forestry development is proposed to be designed from the overall situation of watershed of Huhhot, and the protective system of urban forestry should be divided into water regulation forest, greening forest around the city and greening forest inside urban district.


Abstract : The report describes a method for scoring air-to-ground missiles and bombs using seismic techniques. By using a many element detector array coupled through an elaborate interface to a small computer, the x-y coordinates of the hit may be rapidly calculated. Feeding this information via radio link to the pilot while pulling out of the dive will provide a closed loop system, allowing him to make the necessary adjustments prior to the following training run.


This paper presents a novel Bi-Intra Prediction (BIP) algorithm to improve intra coding performance for the next generation of video coding. In the proposed algorithm, a new predictor is generated by combining two existing intra prediction modes as an additional mode, being able to provide more accurate prediction. To remove the number of unnecessary combinations, restrictions on the search candidates and block sizes are carried out based on the statistical analyses. In addition, an efficient mode coding method of syntax elements in BIP is introduced to improve the coding performance. Moreover, a rough mode decision scheme is adopted to avoid high computation complexity in encoder side. Experimental results show that compared with the Versatile Video Coding reference software VTM-1.0, the proposed algorithm achieves 0.71%, 0.46% and 0.43% BD-Rate gains on average for Y, U and V components under all intra configuration, respectively, and 0.32%, 0.39%, 0.49% BD-Rate gains under random access configuration.


The tax literature indicates that many factors impact upon and influence tax evasion and noncompliant behavior. In particular it is well documented in the tax literature, that fairness of the tax system (Cowell, 1992), compliance and enforcement (Slemrod 1992) and taxpayer's morals and ethics (Wenzel, 2003, Murphy, 2004), all play a key role in determining the level of tax evasion. In the economic literature there has been evidence of the factors which have impacted upon economic growth and the well-being of a country's citizens. These include, the issues of rivalry amongst individuals regarding income levels, over estimation of the benefits of increased consumption and generally a level of inequality in society (Griffith (2004). These later economic factors have also influenced tax evasion behavior.


A new algebraic parametric identification method in time domain for multiple degrees‐of‐freedom mechanical vibrating systems with high‐order nonlinear stiffness is proposed. Parameters of mass, damping and linear and nonlinear stiffness are estimated on‐line and, simultaneously, using transient real‐time position measurements and active control force signals. Parametric identification can be applied for real‐time estimation of both symmetrical and non‐symmetrical stiffness. Parametric identification is combined with adaptive planned motion control on Multiple‐Input‐Multiple‐Output nonlinear mechanical vibrating systems. Analytical and numerical results prove the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed on‐line algebraic parametric identification approach.


Background: The long-term control of the pandemic COVID-19 pandemic hinges on the uptake of vaccine and high immunization uptake is critical but barriers to immunization exists. Vaccine hesitancy is one of the top 10 threats to global health. Hesitancy will be a challenge to curbing this pandemic. Apt vaccination strategies are very essential to increase vaccine acceptance.Methods: A cross‐sectional study among the population in Kerala where data was collected through an online questionnaire using Google forms and was distributed using social media platforms. Total of 213 data was collected. Study focused on aspects of vaccine communication, preference of COVID-19 vaccine, perceived benefits, and barriers of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and cues of vaccine.Results: 80.2% of the respondents were willing to get vaccinated. 78.9% of the respondents have taken previous vaccinations by the government. 70 of them trust government health care departments and media (82.2%) is the least trusted platform regarding vaccination. 56.3% are not getting enough information on COVID vaccine safety, while 81.2% of the respondents did not receive negative information. A majority of them (64.3%) relied on official government websites for information. Majority agrees to the perceived benefits of COVID-19. 80.3% are willing to take free vaccination. 46.9 % are willing to pay for COVID vaccine.Conclusions: The scenario in Kerala is positive towards the vaccination drive and majority of them are willing to get vaccinated. But strategies must be made effective in terms of elevating the barriers to vaccination.


To what extent has direct democracy, specifically the ballot initiative process, served to substitute for perceived deficiencies of representative democracy in the United States? Despite extensive literatures on both direct democracy and democratic representation, there exist very few direct evaluations of the interplay between the two. I examine whether variation in the frequency of a state's initiative use is related to the extent to which that state's representative institutions lack electoral competition. I find that initiative states with a higher percentage of uncontested elections for representative office see more initiative use than states with more competitive elections, conditional on the ideological divergence between citizens and legislators. The results contribute much to our understanding of the processes driving cycles of initiative use and identify a tangible consequence of the presence of misrepresentative state institutions.


This research aimed to study the international scientific collaboration, through co-authorship, and the impact of full papers published in journals Qualis A1 and A2 of Graduate Programs in Animal Science of excellence (2007-2009). Through the indicators of production of graduate evaluation from CAPES, the research gathered the scientific production of three graduate programs, adding up to 125 articles. The citations received were gathered from the SCOPUS database and the impact of journals from the SCImago Journal & Country Rank. In order to investigate the correlation among the indicators analyzed, Pearson's linear correlation coefficients were calculated. It was observed that the Impact Factor (IF) of the journal may influence the number of citations and that there is a weak trend for association of IFs with the number of coauthor countries. It was not observed a statistically significant correlation between the number of collaborating countries and citations received by the article.


The genetic variant rs72824905-G (minor allele) in the PLCG2 gene was previously associated with a reduced Alzheimer's disease risk (AD). The role of PLCG2 in immune system signaling suggests it may also protect against other neurodegenerative diseases and possibly associates with longevity. We studied the effect of the rs72824905-G on seven neurodegenerative diseases and longevity, using 53,627 patients, 3,516 long-lived individuals and 149,290 study-matched controls. We replicated the association of rs72824905-G with reduced AD risk and we found an association with reduced risk of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). We did not find evidence for an effect on Parkinson's disease Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https ://doi.org/10.1007/s0040 1-019-02026 -8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Extended author information available on the last page of the article 238 Acta Neuropathologica (2019) 138:237–250 1 3 (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multiple sclerosis (MS) risks, despite adequate sample sizes. Conversely, the rs72824905-G allele was associated with increased likelihood of longevity. By-proxy analyses in the UK Biobank supported the associations with both dementia and longevity. Concluding, rs72824905-G has a protective effect against multiple neurodegenerative diseases indicating shared aspects of disease etiology. Our findings merit studying the PLCγ2 pathway as drug-target.


A search for neutral penetrating paticles has been made by use of an 800-GeV proton beam incident on the magnetized beam dump of the E605 spectrometer. Limits on the mass and couplings of such particles are presented. A 1.8-MeV axion coupled only to e/sup +/e/sup -/ is ruled out.


W HEN I WAS ASKED to discuss the use of classification and pay plans with this group, my first reaction was to wonder just how much junior college librarians were concerned with this subject. This led me to start back through the files of the Junior College Journal. In the November 1948 issue I read with interest the article by Martorana and Koos which reports the findings of an investigation of policies and practices relating to junior college teacher salaries based upon questionnaires returned · by 296 institutions. The concluding observarion of the authors is: "Generalizing from reports from the 296 junior colleges reached in the study, one may conclude that, though considerable evidence of use of sound administrative and personnel practices was discovered, much room for improvement yet remains in the area of salary administration in junior colleges. Strongest point in this regard is the fact that only about half the junior colleges use salary schedules. Effort should be made to determine objectively the factors that ought to be taken into account in a schedule .... In addition, all junior colleges should build and adopt a soundly constructed schedule .... 2 While this study was limited to salaries


Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common malignant neoplasm found among major and minor salivary glands. Intraorally it shows more predilection for palate. Also other common sites include buccal mucosa, tongue and retromolar area. Tumor of low- grade malignancy appear as slow growing, painless mass that seldom exceeds 5 cm in diameter. Here we report a rare case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma which was initially diagnosed as mucocele. The lesion was asymptomatic for 13 years and was then histopathologically confirmed to be a low grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma during a routine dental check-up.


Today erectile impotence is surgically best treated with the implantation of a Small-Carrion prosthesis through the infrapubic approach. A psychoanalysis or -therapy should always accompany the surgical approach.


We have studied the change in morphology of laser irradiated silicon wafers by annihilating the oxygen thermal donors and the oxidation‐induced stacking faults in order to verify the melting of the near‐surface regions. The laser beam used was of 1.06 μm with a diameter of 40 μm, generated from a Q‐switched neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser with a 150‐ns pulse width and at a repetition rate of 12 kHz. Laser beam irradiation above about 6 J/cm2 annihilated both thermal donors and stacking faults, giving evidence of melting and suggesting that the annihilation of the thermal donors and of the stacking faults can be useful in studying the surface morphology in laser/electron beam irradiation.


Geodetic data can detect and estimate deformation signals and rates due to natural and anthropogenic phenomena. In the present study, we focus on northeastern Italy, an area characterized by ~1.5–3 mm/yr of convergence rates due to the collision of Adria-Eurasia plates and active subsidence along the coasts. To define the rates and trends of tectonic and subsidence signals, we use a Multi-Temporal InSAR (MT-InSAR) approach called the Stanford Method for Persistent Scatterers (StaMPS), which is based on the detection of coherent and temporally stable pixels in a stack of single-master differential interferograms. We use Sentinel-1 SAR images along ascending and descending orbits spanning the 2015–2019 temporal interval as inputs for Persistent Scatterers InSAR (PSI) processing. We apply spatial-temporal filters and post-processing steps to reduce unrealistic results. Finally, we calibrate InSAR measurements using GNSS velocities derived from permanent stations available in the study area. Our results consist of mean ground velocity maps showing the displacement rates along the radar Line-Of-Sight for each satellite track, from which we estimate the east–west and vertical velocity components. Our results provide a detailed and original view of active vertical and horizontal displacement rates over the whole region, allowing the detection of spatial velocity gradients, which are particularly relevant to a better understanding of the seismogenic potential of the area. As regards the subsidence along the coasts, our measurements confirm the correlation between subsidence and the geological setting of the study area, with rates of ~2–4 mm/yr between the Venezia and Marano lagoons, and lower than 1 mm/yr near Grado.


Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) preparations are widely used for culicid larvae. There is no suitable commercially available analytical method for Cry4 toxin as active ingredient in Bti preparations. To overcome this limitation, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for quantitative determination of Cry4 toxin allowing a limit of detection (LOD) of ∼2 ng ml−1 in water. Preconcentration of aqueous samples by lyophilisation resulted in low but reproducible recoveries (25.7±6.8%), and the practical LODs for Bti preparations VECTOBAC WDG granulate and VECTOBAC 12 AS suspension were found to be ∼170 ng ml−1 and ∼900 ng ml−1, respectively. ELISA determinations indicated a rapid decay in detectable concentrations of VECTOBAC WDG applied at 400 ng ml−1 concentration in surface water: detected concentrations decreased by 18% and 44% in 4 days in water collected from two locations, and dropped below LOD afterwards. Larval mortality of Aedes aegypti indicated a continuous decrease even thereafter. Thus, quantitative Cry4 toxin detection facilitates proper timing and frequency of treatments to achieve optimal efficacy.


This paper investigates the impact of foreign exchange volatility on foreign direct investment (FDI) in Nigeria from 1999-2016. The research design adopted the ex-post facto research designn involving the collation of relevant data from statistical bulletin in respect of the variables in the study. Ordinary least squares were used to estimate the partial coefficients of the independent variables. The findings of this study suggest that fluctuations in exchange rate have a positive and significant impact on foreign private investment in Nigeria. This may be attributed to the competitive levels of the Nigerian foreign exchange market, leading to the avoidance of excessive volatility. The result indicates that exchange rate fluctuations has positive and significant impact on Nigeria's foreign private investment which supports the argument that foreign direct investment (FDI) in Nigeria is determined by exchange rate as well as technology, entrepreneurial skills, source of capital an overall.


There is a current focus within healthcare on interprofessional collaboration as an important tool in optimising health outcomes through effective, team-based care. Within higher education, interprofessional education is increasingly being incorporated into undergraduate health and allied health curricula. This article reports the implementation of a community-based, interprofessional student learning opportunity for undergraduate health and allied health students. Qualitative data were collected from the student and academic participants with a number of key themes identified. From the student perspective, aspects such as discipline identity, managing interprofessional dynamics and the importance of work-integrated learning were identified. Academic staff articulated issues concerning organising and implementing interprofessional learning opportunities and skills needed to adequately facilitate and support students participating in community-based activities. This article provides insight into the potential benefits of community-based interprofessional learning as well as some of the complications experienced by both students and academic staff. The objective is to encourage undergraduate health curriculum development to include opportunities for students to participate in interprofessional, community-based, realworld experiences as a basis for deepening their understanding of their own professional role, as well as those of other disciplines, working within, and with communities.


4 Abstract: This stud y w as initia ted to introduce non-submerged spur d ikes as tra ining structures to reduce erosi on a t the o pposite b ank to diversion channel at Naga Hammadi barrage through minimizing t he vel ocity values near the b anks. The l ength of the bank to be protected is 450m. The width o f d iversion channel i s 1 72m; ho wever th e average channel width at t he region under stu dy is 450m. A t wo di mensional mathematical model were u sed t o s imulate many cases. To assure mod el validity, experimental results were used for ver ification. The m odel sim ulated longitudinal and transverse velocities as well as the spur working length. A financial economic evaluation as a function of groin length is introduced t o h elp i n selecting the optimum group with minimum cost. Eighteen runs (18) were executed where three (3) effective param eters were tested. These parameters were the contraction ratio, which is defined as the spur length to t he channel width (L/B), the spur orientation angle; and t he spur spacing. T he contraction r atio was varied bet ween 0.1 and 0.2 whi le t he used orientation angl e are 60 , 90 and 120 and the spaci ng was 2, 4, and 7 times as much as the spur OO O


The anisotropic and inhomogeneous dispersion ofevaporated thin films are considered in this paper. We present possible models of both based on the basic dispersion equation, and discuss methods to measure dispersion of both anisotropic and inhomogeneous indices, n(, 0) and n(X, t), respectively . These methods are applied to a series of ZnS thin films deposited with a range of incident angles [0] and thicknesses [1]. The coefficients in the proposed dispersion models have been computed according to the experimental results for 0 nm < t < 150 nm for n(A, t) and over 0° < 0 < 500 for n(0). We conclude with an analysis and discussion of both indices.


Characterization and optimization of CMOS/SOS devices with the effective channel length of 1.5 µm utilizing MoSi2-gate technology are investigated from the viewpoint of practical realization of CMOS/SOS VLSI's. Double ion implantation into the channel region was found to be effective for suppressing leakage currents in shorter channel CMOS/SOS devices. Floating substrate effect due to charge pumping was also studied. Using the MoSi2-gate CMOS/SOS technology, feasibility for a 4K (4K×1)-bit static RAM was verified.


Oguna is an orphan with a secret even he doesn't know-he's a prince and heir to a terrible power. His best friend Toko is a member of the Tachibana clan and a potential high priestess able to tame that power...or destroy it.


The aim of this study is to determine whether the importance levels of the macro variables contribute to the individual preferences of the refugees in the settlement of refugees within the borders of the country. In this framework, while considering the phenomenon of migration through Syrian refugees conceptually, the main purpose has been to investigate the distribution characteristics of migration at the local scale through macro variables within the framework of the network of relations theory. Studies Turkey Statistical Institute (TSI), shared by the provinces on immigration data and other institutions have been prepared on Bu makale için önerilen kaynak gösterimi (APA 6. Sürüm): (2020). the basis of data measured satisfaction. the network of social relations took place after residential rational decision-making process in the target countries, Turkey in particular migration of Syrians have been tested within the scope of temporary protection they have selected and tested in the perspective of the aforementioned hypothesis. According to the results of the ordinal logistic regression analysis, it was determined that the factor affecting the density of Syrian citizens on a provincial basis is social security and employment factors. It has been concluded that the density of Syrians on a provincial basis decreases (1.39 times less risky) where the employment level and satisfaction with social security services are lower.


The judgement of the Court of Justice of the European Union, known as "Roca Álvarez", has led to a substantial modification of the eligibility to breastfeeding leave, an aspect in which the principle of equal opportunities between women and men, and of conciliation between work and family life, is illustrated in our labour legislation. This judgement is the last in a series of case law interpretations which, even if they are a minority, have tried to prevent the existence of a last stronghold in which women workers were tied to their traditional role of mothers in charge of caring for the family, and thereby excluding or delaying employed fathers of the eligibility to breastfeeding leave. The judgement "Roca Álvarez" led to the relinquishing of the initial wording of article 37.4 of Workers' Statute to include fathers, as well as mothers, as being eligible to breastfeeding leaves lasting 9 months at least. Such amend was applied through both the Royal Decree-Law, of 10th February, on urgent measures for the reform of the labour market, and then, the Law 3/2012, of 6 July, on urgent measures for the reform of the labour market. M IN IS T E R IO D E E M P L E O Y S E G U R ID A D S O C IA L


A novel numerical modeling approach capable of computing and simulating the Flap Shot Peening (FSP) dynamic process of industrial interest was proposed by the coupling of the Discrete Element Method (DEM) and Finite Element Method (FEM). During the process of shots impacting the metallic target, the shot flow and the target were respectively modeled by DEM and FEM, and the interaction between the shots and structure was efficiently evaluated by DEM-FEM. This approach can be employed to rationally control and regulate the FSP multiple parameters, which would induce an appropriate distribution of Compressive Residual Stress (CRS) within the target to provide additional resistance to the treated component. In this paper, a benchmark was first performed to verify the computational method successfully. Further, the influence of variant mass flow rates on the target was also investigated. The result shows that low mass flow rates can be replaced by a higher mass flow rate in case both were able to generate a similar shot effect.


Obesity is a significant factor in health information and increases the risk of health problems. Hence, an application that can help users to monitor their body mass index (BMI) timelines is needed. The simulation of a personalized 3D body shape may encourage women to control their BMI for a healthy body and pleasant appearance. Therefore, this paper aims to develop computerized 3D models of female shapes for various weights and heights, and consists of three important parts. First, the preparation of six avatars is described. Second, the body proportions of 6767 female datasets are analyzed to find the relationship of variables in various weights and heights. Last, 3D morphing of different female shapes is developed and analyzed experimentally for appropriate morphing parameters. Accuracy tests are carried out in three ways. First, body proportions calculated using the Z-Size Ladies application, called "Z-Size calculations," are compared with the body proportions of data obtained from 3D scanners. Second, the Z-Size calculations are compared with tape measurements. Last, the Z-Size calculations are compared with measurements of Z-Size 3D morph models. The results of accuracy tests are shown as the relationship graphs between the BMI and body proportion measurements of chest, waist, hip, and inseam. Bland–Altman plots and Pearson correlation calculation show high correlation. In conclusion, the data obtained from the Z-Size calculations, 3D Scanner, tape measurements, and Z-Size morph models' measurements are in good agreement and are highly correlated. The simulation of 3D female shapes for different weights and heights as proposed shows good performance and high accuracy.


Solar energy could play a significant role in the replacement of fossil fuels leading to a clean energy so lution with almost zero environmental impact. However, solar energy systems have some environmental impact. The objective of this work is the investigation of the environmental impacts of the solar energy utilization, in a solar thermal concentrating system for electricity production, with the employment of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). This work is investigating the environmental impacts for the production of 1MW of electricity in a solar power tower plant. The work will take into consideration the input and output in all life cycle stages, from the raw material excavation till the end of life stage. The material use, the energy use and the emissions produced will be investigated. The construction period is taken to be 3 years while the life time of the solar power plant is 30 years.


The purpose of this paper is to verify maintenance of the life route in Amami-Islands to which depopulation and aging go, and is to propose a future transportation theory for autonomous and sustainability. I paid attention to regional economy, especially Amami-Island, because Transport demand depend on trip which is happened by it's economic activity in there. First, I studied social transport change, decentralization of authority and source of revenue.Following, I studied Amami-Islands shipping transport for Life security. I described so telling management that it's company is almost taken a grant. Intra Amami-Islands shipping transport is more telling than inter one. There are water taxies of intra one without life security. I focused it's efficiency run. I think Amami sipping is serving to keep autonomous society, because it connects Amami-Islands with Kagoshima while air transport connecting Amami with Tokyo.Passenger shipping Liner is heavy load for revenue, but it contributes to enhance to local autonomy. Because it keeps Amami-Islands shipping transport, especially Life security routs continuing, and it is increasing demand I discussed how to Amami-Islands active.From a viewpoint of life security, Islands shipping transport study gives much suggestion rather than main lands one. I want to continue studying of the transport policy of the period of maturity, especially islands shipping transport for autonomous and sustainability.


On 15th September the PNPD laboratory of the Institute was
informed about marketing of a dolphin in the 'poocha market'
near hospital junction, Narakkal in the Vypeen Island, Cochin.
The animal was chopped into several pieces by the time it could
be examined, nothing being left for the identification of the
species based on morphology.


The 1 H nuclear magnetic relaxation behavior of heart muscle from chicken, pork, and beef was investigated in relation to composition and processing conditions. Nonlinear regression analysis of the transverse magnetization decay yielded a best fit with three exponential components thatare likely to correspond to three proton populations of average T 2 values in the range 2 ms-0.7 s in three separate types of compartments in the heart muscle. The long T 2 relaxation component may correspond to the protons of a water population within relatively large spaces between muscle cells


Split rings have been used very much as resonators and filters at microwave and optical frequencies. This paper discusses the design of a bus-coupled planar split ring resonator (SRR) and develops necessary theory that helps to view it as a potential candidate for the design of optical modulators.


Nigeria's political and economic fortunes and the country's ability to play a stabilizing role in the African region partly depend on the resolution of the lingering Niger Delta conflict. The Niger ...


Many sources of context information in speech (such as speaking rate) occur either before or after the phonetic cues they influence, yet there is little work examining the time-course of these effects. Here, we investigate how listeners compensate for preceding sentence rate and subsequent vowel length (VL; a secondary cue that has been used as a proxy for speaking rate) when categorising words varying in voice-onset time (VOT). Participants selected visual objects in a display while their eye-movements were recorded, allowing us to examine when each source of information had an effect on lexical processing. We found that the effect of VOT preceded that of VL, suggesting that each cue is used as it becomes available. In a second experiment, we found that, in contrast, the effect of preceding sentence rate occurred simultaneously with VOT, suggesting that listeners interpret VOT relative to preceding rate.


In this chapter, techniques for providing high cross-range resolution are presented, which correspond to the direction perpendicular to the radar's radial vector.


This article suggests that the way in to sociology may not always be through the front door. The authors demonstrate how students in a three-day campus diversity program develop a sociological imagination despite not having a formal affiliation with the sociology department. In particular, students demonstrate a move from color blindness into racial consciousness and a shift from individual prejudice into institutional privilege when understanding both diversity issues and their own personal biographies. In short, despite not knowing the phrase, they develop a sociological imagination. While the goal is not to diminish the significance of traditional sociology classrooms, the authors argue that programs like theirs may diminish resistance to learning about privilege and inequalities once students enter the classroom. Such programs may also have the benefit of attracting students to the discipline and creating a more welcoming environment for related programs and events on campus. It is one model of public sociology that other campus communities may mirror outside of the traditional classroom environment.


A number of interesting heterocycles were prepared through interaction of the intermediate 3-amino-8-hydroxy-4-imino-6-methyl-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-chromeno-[2,3-d]pyrimidine (1) and reagents such as hydrazonyl halides 2 to furnish triazine derivatives 4a–l. Reaction of 1 with phenacyl bromide afforded compound 5. Moreover, the title compound 1 was subjected to condensation with active methylene compounds (ethyl acetoacetate and ethyl benzoylacetate) to give triazipinones 8a,b. The condensation with aromatic aldehydes afforded either the triazole derivatives 10a–d or Schiff base 11. In addition, the behaviour of compound 1 towards activated unsaturated compounds namely dimethyl acetylene dicarboxylate and ethoxymethylenemalonitrile was studied and it was found to furnish the triazine 13 and triazepine derivative 15, respectively. Combination of title compound 1 with chlorinated active methylene compounds delivered the triazine derivatives 18a–c. Reaction of 1 with chloroacetonitrile furnished compound 20. The structures of the products were elucidated based on their microanalyses and spectroscopic data. Finally, the antitumor activity of the new compounds 4a and 8a against human breast cell MCF-7 line and liver carcinoma cell line HepG2 were recorded.


Abstract One of the major open problems in symmetric cryptanalysis is to discover new specific types of invariant properties for block ciphers. In this article, we study nonlinear polynomial invariant attacks. The number of such attacks grows as and systematic exploration is not possible. The main question is HOW do we find such attacks? We have developed a constructive algebraic approach that is about making sure that a certain combination of polynomial equations is zero. We work by progressive elimination of specific variables in polynomial spaces and we show that one can totally eliminate big chunks of the cipher circuit. As an application, we present several new attacks on the historical T-310 block cipher that has particularly large hardware complexity and a very large number of rounds compared with modern ciphers, e.g., AES. However, all this complexity is not that useful if we are able to construct new types of polynomial invariant attacks that work for any number of rounds.


The sanitary production of liquors had the following superiorities by the contrast with previous liquor production:the dis-charge of waste water greatly reduced,waste water easier for treatment ,resources consumption and materials consumption reduced,and evident economic benefits and environmental benefits achieved.The sanitary production included:1.application of biochemical tech-niques and physiochemical techniques,lactic acids and calcium lactate distilled from bottom water and COD concentration in bottom water decreased largely simultaneously;2.application of biological esterifying enzyme to esterify yellow water and to produce esterifying liquid and higher ester blending liquor,as a result,product quality could be improved and treatment cost of waste water could be re-duced;3.rotary application of cooling water to save water resources,the repetitive utilization rate of water achieved85%which re-duced production cost and the discharge of waste water.(Tran.by YUE Yang)


In this paper we compare two mathematical frameworks that make perturbative quantum field theory rigorous: the perturbative algebraic quantum field theory (pAQFT) and the factorization algebras framework developed by Costello and Gwilliam. To make the comparison as explicit as possible, we focus here on the example of the free scalar field. The main claim is that both approaches are equivalent if one assumes the time-slice axiom. The key technical ingredient is to use time-ordered products as an intermediate step between a net of associative algebras and a factorization algebra.


© Annals of Eye Science. All rights reserved. Ann Eye Sci 2020 | http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/aes-20-115 Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) is a benign condition characterised by complex visual hallucinations in individuals with visual impairment (1). Approximately one-third of affected patients suffer from distress as a direct consequence of their hallucinatory experiences (2). The distress is often caused by fear of impending insanity, and may be propagated by lack of awareness and knowledge about CBS (3). The proportion of patients with glaucoma that are familiar with CBS is unknown. Therefore, we sought to investigate this in a population with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Our study was part of a larger, yet unpublished, prospective study of the prevalence and clinical characteristics of CBS in POAG. Patients with a known diagnosis of POAG that had visited the glaucoma clinic at Skåne University Hospital in Malmö, Sweden, between April 1st 2018 and December 31st 2018 were included. We excluded patients with concurrent neurological and/or psychiatric disorders, or other known causes of vision loss, e.g. latestage age-related macular degeneration. We explored the patients' precursory knowledge of CBS using the question (translated to Swedish): "Some patients with poor eyesight see things which they know are not there. These hallucinations occur on repeated occasions and are described as being vivid and complex, e.g., persons, animals, flowers, or patterns. This phenomenon is known as Charles Bonnet syndrome. Have you ever heard or read about this?" in a written questionnaire (4). Patients responding affirmatively were contacted and further interviewed. Results from the patients' visual acuity (VA) examinations and automated visual field tests were obtained from the medical records. The results closest in time to when the patient had responded to the questionnaire were chosen. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was tested in both eyes using an electronic Snellen chart, and the automated visual field test 24-2 or 30-2 was conducted using the Swedish interactive thresholding algorithm on the Humphrey Field Analyser (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA, USA). Patients with suspected CBS also underwent objective examination of both maculae using Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography (Triton, Topcon, Medical Systems, Tokyo, Japan). Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software (version 25, IBM, Chicago, IL, USA). For categorical data Fisher's exact test or Pearson's chi-square test were used when the data sample was small or large, respectively. For continuous non-parametric variables, the Mann-Whitney U test was applied. A significance level of <0.05 was employed. A total of 338 patients with definitive glaucoma, i.e., confirmed glaucomatous visual field defects on at least two consecutive tests, were included in this study. Twelve (3.5%) patients claimed they had precursory knowledge of CBS when answering the written questionnaire. Four (1,2%) of these did, in fact, exhibit prior knowledge of CBS when contacted and interviewed. Two declared knowledge of CBS because a close relative with AMD had experienced visual hallucinations. One acquired knowledge through the Letter to the Editor


The results of the studies on community characteristics, on malathion spraying effectiveness, the evaluation of the new strategy, and the surveys of the literature show that there are two possibilities concerning the preventive spraying influence on the DHF prevention programme: a positive impact or a negative impact. A positive impact is the use of the preventive spraying as the beginning of community campaigns in breeding place eradication. This is based on the current fact that without any government intervention, the community tends to be reluctant to work together for eliminating breeding places. This positive impact can be maintained if the Ministry of Health uses the Singaporean of Cuban method in vector surveillance, or at least larva checking and larvaciding are tightly executed. These activities clearly need strong supervision for ensuring the compliance of community and field officials. Implicitly, this requires political leaders involvement as the patron and the watchdog of the programme.


As the global economy lurches from one catastrophe to the next, with the ever widening gulf between the haves and have-nots and the paradigm of economic expansion über alles bringing us to the brink of ecological crisis, A House of Cards provides a lucid and accessible introduction to the concepts and contradictions underpinning the system, and outlines the changes that need to happen for a more sustainable and equitable future. Kevin Smith author of The Carbon Neutral Myth


The purposes of this study were to establish the distribution of thyroid lesions that were seen in Hatay (a province of southern Turkey), to review the accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules and to correlate the FNAC results with the histopathology of the excised specimens, especially in indeterminate cases.


The utility model discloses a main spindle head for a built-in electrical main spindle with double swing angle, which belongs to the technology of mechanical fabrication plant. The utility model comprises a C spindle (1) fixedly arranged on a ram (7), and the C spindle comprises a built-in electrical main spindle (2), a U-shaped frame (3) for the electrical main spindle, an A spindle (4), a rotary deceleration transmission mechanism (5) for the A spindle and a rotary deceleration transmission mechanism (6) for the C spindle. The utility model is mainly characterized in that the built-in electrical main spindle (2) is in rotary connection with the U-shaped frame (3) for the electrical main spindle through the A spindle; the U-shaped frame (3) for the electrical main spindle is fixedly connected with the C spindle (1); the A spindle (4) is driven to rotate by a rotary deceleration transmission chain mechanism (5-2) for the A spindle; the C spindle (1) is driven to rotate by the rotary deceleration transmission mechanism (6) for the C spindle. The utility model provides the main spindle head for a common numerically controlled boring-milling machine and a machining center, the main spindle head turns around in two directions which are perpendicular to each other, multi-spindle linkage is formed, and the utility model provides a plant condition for satisfying the requirement of machining components with complicated profiles and surfaces.


This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF. The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. Using data from Argentina, Australia, Colombia, El Salvador, Peru, and the United States, we identify three types of threshold effects when assessing the impact of economic activity on nonperforming loans (NPLs). For advanced financial systems showing low NPLs, there is an embedded self-correcting adjustment when NPLs exceed a minimum threshold. For financial systems in emerging markets in Latin America showing higher NPLs, there is instead a magnifying effect once NPLs cross a (higher) threshold. GDP growth apparently affects NPLs only below a certain threshold, which is consistent with observed lower elasticity of credit risk to changes in economic activity in boom periods. JEL Classification Numbers: C22, G21


Metal oxide based electrochemical pH sensors are an alternative to the glass pH sensor, exhibiting many potential advantages in industrial and laboratory applications. In particular, thick film based pH sensors are promising devices for a next generation of wireless sensors for online monitoring of water pollution. So far, there have been many solid state materials used for pH sensor fabrication, among which RuO2 based sensitive material stands out due to its excellent sensitivity and high accuracy. In potentiometric measurements, the RuO2 based pH sensor exhibited excellent sensing performance with sensitivity close to the theoretical Nernstian value. In this work, an interdigitated conductimetric pH sensor based on RuO2 sensitive layer was fabricated by screen printing technology on an alumina substrate. The RuO2 sensitive layer was deposited on the top of the interdigitated Ag electrode. The impedance spectroscopic studies carried out in the frequency range of 10 mHz - 2 MHz revealed a decrease in the sensor resistance when it was exposed to the test solutions with increasing pH value. The relative change in conductance was found to be almost linear function of pH in the range of 3-11 at 1 kHz. The conductimetric pH sensors can be used for fabrication of low cost miniaturized sensors based on monitoring of the variation of electrical parameters as a function of pH of test solutions.


The present text focuses in the important role of schools in post-modern society, pointing out some challenges that affect educators in this new millennium, mainly concerning the recognition and the best use of the various learning process which takes place beyond schools limits, nearing the didatico-pedagogical speech and non-schoolars languages.


Spectrum sensing of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) signals is a challenging issue, as not only the presence/absence of primary users (PUs) but also the number of PUs needs to be identified. In this letter, we formulate NOMA spectrum sensing as a multiple hypotheses testing problem, where the estimated channel gains from PUs to a secondary user are used as test-statistics. Then, to reduce the computational complexity, we establish a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) for received signals, and propose a channel coefficient estimator using particle swarm optimization with the GMM. In addition, a new miss-detection probability is defined when some active PUs are correctly detected for the multiple hypotheses testing problem. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed detector, compared to state-of-the-art NOMA detectors.


This paper proposes an analysis of the English plural and possessive within a declarative model of morphology called word design that employs unviolable constraints only to explain the well-formedness of regular forms. An advantage of this conception is that only those aspects of linguistic knowledge are shifted onto UG that are underdetermined by the linguistic input of language learners. The plural and the possessive, which have quite similar exponents on the surface, turn out to be subject to exactly the same two morphological conditions, with the only difference being the relevant base, namely the noun stem for the plural and the noun phrase for the possessive.


For more relevant informational retrieval and matching of user request with metadata about biomedical informational recourses it is necessary to formulize the user knowledge about this subject domain. We propose to use the ontologies and associated with them thesauri of the appropriate subject domains for representation of biomedicine knowledge. The algorithms of formation and normalization of the multilinguistic thesauruses, and also methods of their comparison are given in this work.


ABSTRACT The only Caryota species native to Singapore, C. mitis is an important ecological resource for a diversity of fauna. However, little is known about the autecology of this charismatic, commonly cultivated palm. This is the first study that focuses on the autecology of C. mitis in Singapore, investigating the following ecological attributes: (1) their population demography; (2) differences in densities of C. mitis individuals between forest edges and interiors, and different vegetation types in secondary forests of Singapore; (3) fruit set; and (4) resource utilization for food and shelter by fauna in Singapore. Our results demonstrate that C. mitis thrives under disturbance, with significantly more individuals found in highly disturbed vegetation type, and more juveniles to adults along forest edges compared to the interior. Fruit set of C. mitis was estimated to be 31.88%, with each infructescence producing on average 805 fruits (n= 15). Eighteen species of insects over four orders (Hymenoptera; Coleoptera; Lepidoptera; and Hemiptera) were observed to utilize C. mitis for either food or shelter, and camera trapping (n = 562 trap nights) revealed five vertebrate taxa foraging on the fruits – pink-necked green pigeon (Treron vernans), oriental pied hornbill (Anthracoceros albirostris), common palm civet (Paradoxurus musangus), long-tailed macaque (Macaca fasicularis) and plantain squirrel (Calloscirurus notatus). The ecological importance of C. mitis in maintaining food resources in the highly fragmented landscape of Singapore has important implications in reforestation and rehabilitation efforts in the region, considering their potential to thrive in disturbed habitats and along forest edges.


This paper presents some automatic shot detection techniques based on color histograms and also on multiresolution histograms. The approaches tested in the submitted runs are mainly focused on cut detection. The main goal of the runs is to study the behaviour of color histogram differences as a first step in the use of multiresolution color histograms into the adaptive threshold algorithm. Some previous experience on multiresolution histograms has been taken into account to do that. The techniques herein described improve the behaviour of multiresolution histograms, showing a path to follow to turn them into a powerful tool to work on shot segmentation.


The fact that gauge invariance in modern p hysics is the English translation of Eich Invarianz in Weyl's work at least shows the kinship of these two theories. In this article, the author first explores the theoretical framework of unified field theory developed by Weyl by means of scale invariance around the year 1920 and then investigates refutation s of physicists (especially Einstein and Pauli) as well as Weyl's defe nce against these objections. As for the influence of Weyl's theory, t he author emphasizes three points. Firstly, these objections induced Weyl's research on the nature of metric space and thus led to the birth of E. Car tan's G-structure and Weyl's theory of Lie groups. Secondly , the following unified field theories, including Kaluza-Klein's, Edd ington's, Einstein's and Schrdinger's, should ac knowledge their debts to Weyl's idea of generalizing Levi-Civitta con nections. Finally, the revised edition of Weyl's theory has obtained a brand-new meaning in the framework of quantum mechanics, that is, the principl e of local gauge invariance, elucidated by Weyl himself.


The calculation of retarded intermolecular forces of the inductive type, normally based on fourth-order perturbation theory or its equivalent, is shown to be possible using only second-order perturbation theory after a series of canonical transformations are used to simplify the initial Hamiltonian. The method is analogous to those of Craig and Power (1969) for the dispersive type of intermolecular forces but requires both a further canonical transformation of Henneberger form and an addition to the attractive two-photon exchange term of a mixed photon-Coulombic contribution which is repulsive. The overall retardation correction is a repulsive potential which is additional to the well known R-4 attraction.


Ethnic, cultural and spiritual views and religious beliefs of people who lived in antroponyms in ancient times have been preserved and reached to us. On the genetic basis of names can be expressed different outlines, concepts related to nouns. In the center of this imagination is also a person, pictures and habits characteristic of the historical period in which he or she lived, dreams and hopes are expressed. A name is one of the phenomena that occupy a special place in a person's life. In artistic works, too, the choice of a name for the heroes requires a little reflection. The name of some heroes is considered an important tool in revealing the idea expressed in the artistic works. The article covers some anthroponyms used in oral epic and fairy tales, classical literature and examples of modern literature and their meaning, the connection of the hero with the fate of his or her name, the events described the lingvoculturological aspects of anthroponyms in the artistic work.


The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of good corporate governance (GCG) on earnings management of Indonesian banks that listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The GCG in this study is proxied by independent commissioners, board of commisioner size, audit committee, and audit reputation. The earnings management as measured by major accruals in the banking sector, namely Loan Loss Provisions (LLP). The sample in this study was 39 indonesian banks that listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2014-2018. The results show that board size has a negative effect on earnings management. On the other hand, independent commissioners, audit committees, and auditors' reputation have no effect on earnings management.


Excitonic recombination dynamics has been investigated on a series of InxGa1−xN/GaN (0.10 ≤ x ≤ 0.30) nanorod (NR) structures with a diameter of ∼220 nm by time-revolved photoluminescence (PL). The NR structures are fabricated by means of a post-growth etching technique. Compared with their corresponding as-grown samples, the time-integrated PL intensities of the NR samples show a remarkable enhancement with a factor of up to 52 at room temperature. The ratios of the radiative to non-radiative recombination lifetime of the NR structures are much less sensitive to temperature than those of their corresponding as-grown samples. This becomes more prominent with increasing indium composition. A distinct delay in transition temperature, where the dominating emission mechanism changes from radiative to non-radiative recombination, has been observed on the NR structures. The great enhancement in optical properties is attributed to both strain relaxation and extra in-plane excitonic confinement due to the nanostr...


My purpose with this study was to research how a few teachers work with the children in preschool class to achieve a group that the children feel safe and comfortable with. Every human being has got the need to feel safe and with this study I want to illustrate the importance about working to achieve safety for children in preschool class, and environment that is new to them. In order to try to get answers to my research questions I have interviewed five preschool class teachers. The results showed that the teachers work in a way that makes the children feel safe by helping them establish the daily routines and common rules for the preschool class. They also let the children in the preschool class get to know each other and other children in the school by play and shared activities. It is also important that the teacher creates a good relationship with each child and their carers by showing that it is there for the child and cares for it. The teachers had different ideas about how long time it might take before they consider the children as a safe children's group, from one month to one year, and also that some children will never be a safe children's group. To get there the teacher must work in a way that makes the children feel a sense of togetherness and belonging, and that the children must be able to show and get a consideration out of each other.


The present invention discloses a method for forming routing table, which comprises the following steps: allocating matching item storing space for node matching item for storing the node matching item, and indicating the position of the node matching item with matching item position identification. The invention also discloses a device for forming routing table, wherein the device comprises the following components: a matching item storing unit which is used for allocating matching item storing space for node matching item for storing the node matching item; and a matching item position indicating unit which is used for indicating the position of the node matching item with the position identification of the matching item. The application of the method and the device according to the invention can effectively reduce the internal memory resource taken by the routing table.


OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate in situ the expression of the classic vitronectin (VN) receptor consisting of the αv and β3 subunits in synovial lining cells (SLC) of chronic synovitis occurring in osteoarthritis (OA) and in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The expression and function of αv and β3 as VN receptor in cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FBS) derived from patients with OA and RA was also compared. METHODS Expression of αv and β3 was examined immunohistochemically in normal synovial tissue and in synovial tisssue from patients with OA and RA. The effect of proinflammatory cytokines and of a synovial fluid of a patient with RA on the expression of the αv and β3 subunits of cultured FBS was determined by flow cytometry. Binding of OA and RA-FBS to VN was quantified using adhesion assays and the effect of interleukin 1β (IL1β) and tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) on adhesion was measured. The specifity of the adhesion was tested by inhibition studies using monoclonal antibodies to integrin subunits. RESULTS In in situ studies normal SLC showed a parallel distribution of αv and β3 subunits. OA-SLC strongly and uniformly expressed αv whereas RA-SLC showed heterogeneous expression of αv. In situ both OA-SLC and RA-SLC lacked the expression of the integrin subunit β3. In in vitro studies, OA-FBS and RA-FBS did not differ as regards expression of αv and β3, and VN attachment. Binding of RA-FBS to VN was partially blocked by antibodies against αv, β1, and β3 subunits, whereas only antibodies against αv and β3 inhibited the binding of OA-FBS to VN. The proinflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL1β increased the expression of αv and β3, and the VN binding of OA-FBS, whereas αv and β3 expression, and VN binding were downregulated in RA-FBS. Similar effects were found when the synovial fluid of an RA patient was used. CONCLUSION The integrin subunit β3 seems to be one partner but not the major one with which the subunit αv forms functional vitronectin receptors in OA-FBS and RA-FBS. The interaction between synovial cells and inflammatory cytokines seems to be different for OA and RA; the basis for this difference, however, remains to be established.


Basic issues of underwater nondestructive testing technology(UWNDT)and traits of conventional UWNDT methods were introduced. Development of new UWNDT methods, remote operated vehicle(ROV) technology and their applications to underwater testing of welded seams were described. The prospects of UWNDT technology were also given.


This paper is concerned with the Cauchy problem of a new periodic integrable equation governing short-waves in a long-wave model. We first establish the local well-posedness for its derivative equation, which correspondingly implies the local existence and multivaluedness of solutions to the model. Then, we obtain a blow up scenario for these solutions. Finally, we show that the equation has strong solutions that develop singularities in finite time.


Purpose
COVID-19 disrupted the usual way of working for many people across the globe, making full-time work from home and hybrid models two popular work arrangements. Despite the proliferation and high acceptance of the hybrid model, very little research has focused on the same. This study aims to compare the impact of transitions caused by remote work on work disengagement under two settings: remote work and hybrid model.

Design/methodology/approach
The data is collected from three corporate hubs in India: Hyderabad, Gurgaon and Bangalore. This study's respondents represent two working models: full-time work from home and a hybrid model. Responses were collected using Google forms-based questionnaire, which resulted in the following usable responses: 356 (hybrid) and 398 (work from home).

Findings
The findings reveal that the structural model for the hybrid sector explained 11% of the variance in work disengagement, while the same for work from home model accounted for 20% of the variance in work disengagement. The authors also tested for the moderation of individual resilience between work-home and home-to-work conflicts and home-to-work transitions and work-to-home conflict under full-time work-from and hybrid models. Based on 356 respondents from hybrid category and 398 from work from home, the study found that employees experience less work-to-home and home-to-work conflicts in the hybrid model and employees experience more work-to-home and home-to-work conflicts in the full-time work from home model.

Originality/value
The study is also the first to examine the moderating role of individual resilience as a tool to bounce back and handle conflicts. As the full-time work from home model leads to more work-to-home and home-to-work conflicts, individuals have more scope to exhibit resilience, and thus, the moderating relationship is stronger in the full-time work from home model. The paper offers theoretical and managerial implications.


A series of polymer–acid-modified red mud composite (PRM) materials that consist of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and layered Red mud (RM) are prepared by effectively dispersing organic PVA matrix into the inorganic layers of modified RM via a conventional solvent casting technique. The as-synthesized PRM materials are typically characterized by Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and wide-angle X-ray diffraction. The morphological image of as-synthesized materials is studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscope (OM). Effects of the material composition on the thermal stability and optical clarity of PVA along with a series of PRM materials freestanding film are also studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and UV–vis transmission spectra, respectively. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 238–243, 2007


This paper describes the development of a sensitive and fast transducer for use in electrical capacitance applications. The sensor works by supplying a short voltage pulse to an active differentiator. The sensor has been tested in a twelve electrode configuration mounted around a cylinder of 30 cm.


Using data from a 1989 household survey of new vehicle buyers, this paper develops and estimates a nested logit model of new vehicle demands where the make-models in the lower nest are partitioned by their fuel efficiencies in the upper nest. In comparison with the more restrictive multinomial logit model, the results support a nested structure of vehicle choice. Among the findings, improvements in vehicle size, safety and quality increase a makemodel's demand. Females, lower income households, younger consumers, non-white purchasers, and buyers in more densely populated areas exhibit higher demands for more fuel efficient vehicles. The results also indicate that vehicle demands have an approximate unitary elasticity with respect to capital cost and are elastic with respect to operating costs. Patrick S. McCarthy is Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, U.S.A. Richard S. Tay, Senior Lecturer, Department of Economics and Marketing, Lincoln University, New Zealand. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 1996 International Western Economic Conference in Hong Kong. We would like to thank participants at the conference for their helpful suggestions. The authors would also like to thank J.D. Power and Associates for providing the data on new vehicle purchases used in this analysis. Financial support for the project was provided while the author was at the Chinese University of Hong Kong.


The present report relates to an experimental results obtained by measurement of solidification procedure of Al-Si alloy (20% Si) by differential thermal analysis. Summerized results are as follows:(1) In unmodified condition, cooling rate of 3°C/min, Tp=685°C, Te=572°C, T1=113°C, T2=10°C.(2) In case of Paddition, temperature Tp and Te rise with P addition increases, but T2 lowers while T1 rises.(3) In case of polytetrafluoroethylene addition to the alloy with the amount of primary Si is refinable, then temperatures Tp, Te, T1 and T2 are nearly the same; Tp=660-670°C, Te=573°C, T1=90°C, and T2=30°C.(4) In case if P and polytetrafluoroethylene is added in mixture to the alloy with the amount of primary Si crystals are refinable, then the results are the same as (3). In this case T2 values are higher and T1 lower than the cases (1) or (2).


Piperidine alkaloids in poison hemlock, Conium maculatum L. (Umbelliferae), are responsible for the plant's acute toxicity toward mammals and other vertebrates. Because of this property, these compounds are often assumed to be toxic to insect herbivores as well. One of these alkaloids, coniine, was bioassayed for toxicity, growth inhibition, and feeding deterrency in the polyphagous species Heliothis zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Contrary to expectations, coniine showed no biological activity toward H. zea at the concentrations tested.


Two wild-type bacteriophages, designated AP-2 (for P. aeruginosa phage) and AP-12, have been isolated and propagated from two multiple drug resistant strains of P. aeruginosa. Both phages were found to transduce Imipenem- (IMI), Aztreonam- (AZA) and Ceftazidime- (CTZ) resistance as well as resistance determinants to other drugs. Genetic analysis showed that resistance determinants to newest anti-pseudomonal antibiotics IMI, AZA and CTZ could be separated by transduction. Thus the resistance to these antibiotics is presumably coded by different genes. In some transductans also the presence of the tra+ has been demonstrated, indicating that they can transfer the resistance to other strains by conjugation.


FIELD: construction. SUBSTANCE: heated rubber coating comprises at least two layers of polymer material of an upper working layer and a lower bearing layer representing a hardened binding substance on the basis of a polymer material with a filler in it in the form of a rubber crumb. Cover layers are connected to each other as capable to form a solid non-detachable coating. Between the layers there is a heating element in the form of an electroconductive flexible polymer heating net. The upper working layer of the coating has thickness of not more than 4.0 mm and includes a filler of rubber crumb with fraction of 0.63 mm to 2.5 mm. The lower layer of the coating has thickness from 6.0 mm to 40.0 mm and includes a filler with fraction of 1.5 - 5.0 mm. EFFECT: increased duration of operation, increased resistance of a coating to climatic effects, as well as provision of even heating and melting of snow and ice in the entire surface of a coating. 4 cl, 2 dwg


Purposes: (a) To describe how more experienced and expert teachers interpreted and delivered sport education (SE) during their careers and (b) to discover and describe factors within their occupational socialization that sustained the teachers' enthusiasm for and ability to deliver SE. Method: Participants were nine teachers. Primary data sources were formal interviews. Secondary supporting sources were documents and film. They were analyzed by employing standard interpretive methods. Credibility and trustworthiness were established through a search for discrepant and negative cases and member checking. Findings: At different times in their careers, the teachers delivered SE in one of four ways: watered down, through a cafeteria approach, the full version, and the full+ version. A number of factors from their acculturation, professional socialization, and organizational socialization enabled the teachers to deliver the full+ version or led to them delivering other versions of the model. Conclusions: The findings allow us to make practical suggestions for preservice and inservice teacher education that may help university faculty facilitate the teaching of SE.


Don Lee Keith was journalist-in-residence at the University of New Orleans for seven years, until his death in July 2003. Keith was about the brightest literary star that under-funded college could probably afford, and in this role he played the bohemian academic: eccentric, charming, troublesome, untenured. He was a teacher less schooled than experienced, and his writing from forty-one years as a journalist did most of the instructing. His style of teaching, which included frequent cursing, saucy anecdotes, and brutally honest grading, earned him plenty of complaints, and if it wasn't for the students who did not drop his classes--the ones who often wrote at his prodding for the college newspaper, followed him around campus for extra class-time, and treated him as a mentor--Keith probably would have been replaced by another less troublesome journalist. He said that when the announcement was made that he had been appointed "Journalist-in-Residence," he asked, "Does that mean they're going to give me a cot and a hotplate?" Witticisms like these earned him a student following that kept him popular, if not employed. Keith liked to wear long-sleeved, pastel button-downs to class, tucked into his jeans and accentuated by dark suspenders--a "City Editor" look, except for the cowboy boots, which added to his considerable height. In the cool season he wore sport coats; from April through September saddlebags of sweat-rings settled under each arm. He kept a handkerchief in hand ready to wipe his brow, the profuse sweating an early indication of his heart disease. A good full head of white hair topped his pinkish face, and if you were talking with him outside, he was smoking a cigarette. As you watched him think, the suspense would build up as he took in nicotine and looked up at an undetermined point in space. Finally, he would say something like this reply to a question I once asked him about his byline: "Well, when I was little I was called Donny. Then in short pants I was called Donald. Then, in Levi's, I was Don. But when I came to New Orleans to work for the Times-Picayune, one of the editors there figured that any Mississippi hick with a down-home drawl like mine ought to have a redneck byline, so I became Don Lee." Don Lee Keith was a funny man, and his wit was spontaneous as much as controlled. Strolling across campus, he'd likely make some off-hand statement like, "You know, it seems like everyone on this campus is in a fat contest and a winner hasn't been decided on just yet." Or, if the classroom was too warm, he would say, "It's hot as a crotch in herd" When speaking of things that repelled him, such as giving interviews, he would say, "I recoil like a burnt spider." This humorous, urbane "hick" persona that he cultivated is especially present in his first-person columns, but it can also be heard in his features and profiles. He had a prominent "literary voice," and in the classroom it boomed. A successful and acclaimed journalist, Keith was nominated for the Pulitzer Prize twice, won stacks of journalism awards, wrote or edited for nearly every New Orleans publication around after his arrival in the city in 1962, and inter viewed many "persons of consequence," as he called celebrities and "important" people, particularly southern literary figures. As a writer he was highly versatile, and his work was published in daily newspapers, weeklies, magazines, literary quarterlies, and anthologies. He wrote hard news, investigative articles, editorials, celebrity profiles, art and theater reviews, features, and columns, as well as literary criticism, essays, and memoirs (in his columns). He even wrote the cover notes to a record, Bobbie Gentry's 1970 album Fancy, and earned a Grammy nomination for the back cover. He also wrote at least one short story, a piece similar to some of his columns, called "When the Morning Comes." One suspects that he had a few novels in him as well, if only fiction had interested him nearly as much as reality did. …


This article reports findings of an exploratory study of institutional repositories (IRs) in South African institutions of higher learning and more particularly the practices, challenges and opportunities of self-archiving by the library and information science/studies (LIS) scholars. A content analysis of the IRs and a survey involving the Heads of LIS Departments/Schools were conducted in order to find out the existence and number of IRs; the document types indexed in the IRs; publication language; the software used to create the IRs; LIS departments" contributions in the IRs; factors motivating self-archiving; challenges faced by LIS scholars in self-archiving; and to determine the LIS scholars attitudes and fears on self-archiving. Results indicate that there are few IRs in Africa as whole; South Africa has the highest number; most IRs are located in institutions of higher learning; some IRs are subject-specific while others are multidisciplinary; a variety of documents are self-archived; LIS scholars are aware of the importance of self-archiving; and LIS scholars face several challenges in self-archiving which include lack of facilities, know-how and institutional support. The article concludes by providing areas for further research and other recommendations. Keywords: Content Analysis, Institutional repositories, Self-Archiving, Webometrics, South Africa


The objective of this research was to investigate anisotropy effects of implanted ions in the end‐of‐path region. Argon, manganese, and iron were implanted with doses of 1×1015 and 2×1016 ions/cm2 at energies of 60–190 keV. The resulting changes in X‐band ferromagnetic resonance spectra were used to develop models for the magnetization and uniaxial anisotropy in the implanted surface region. These models indicate a correlation between the location of the peak in the dose profile and a change in the uniaxial anisotropy and magnetization. This effect persists after annealing has removed most of the surface damage and restored the magnetic nature of the damage region. Implantation generates an amorphous surface layer whose magnetic nature can be restored to almost bulk properties by annealing in the case of argon, but not for manganese or iron. The thickness of the amorphous layer as a function of annealing time is also quite dependent on which ion is implanted, the energy of implantation, and the dose level.


The present invention relates to a method for filling containers with a liquid (10) is provided. In the method, the opening of the container through the container (10), (10a) for filling the inner volume of the container (10) is increased during the filling process, the inner volume is not filled filling the container (10) is at least twice the volume. The present invention further relates to a device for filling containers, the container (10) comprises an opening (10a), the base region (10b), and said opening (10a) and a bottom region (10b) integrally molded body (10c), said body (10c) around the body at a specific angle of bend bent specific circumferential flange (10d), whereby the opening (10a) as compared to the circumferential flange (1Od) closer to the base region (10b), characterized in that said hemming position relative to the base region of the container (10), (10b) of (1Od) may be in the container (10) during expansion changes happened.


In recent years, fluorescent pseudomonads are well recognized for their plant growth promoting and bio-control activities. This study was design to study the distribution of potential antimicrobial fluorescent pseudomonads associated with banana rhizosphere by using ERIC and BOX-PCR fingerprinting. For this purpose, 32 fluorescent pseudomonads were isolated from banana rhizosphere collected from three different major grown banana locations and screened against three fungal phytopathogens. Promising isolates were selected for genetic fingerprinting by using ERIC and BOX-PCR to establish clonal relationship among the antifungal fluorescent pseudomonads. ERIC-PCR fingerprinting was found to be a potential tool to differentiate among the fluorescent and non fluorescent bacterial isolates as compare to BOX-PCR fingerprinting. A subset of 25 antagonistic fluorescent pseudomonads were characterized by ERIC and BOX-PCR and showed a high degree of DNA heterogeneity. Four groups were identified based on ERIC-PCR and three of them showed homogeneity containing fluorescent pseudomonas with a group of non fluorescent bacillus sp (PF 7) . A unique band of 450 bp was generated by ERIC-PCR profiling among all the fluorescent isolates, which can be used as a diagnostic tool, whereas non fluorescent bacteria will have an adjacent band of 430 bp, which was absent in all identified fluorescent pseudomonas isolates. Further, 16S rDNA based identification of randomly selected isolates proved that ERIC-PCR fingerprinting is better DNA based tool to differentiate fluorescent pseudomonas with other bacterial isolates. We conclude and recommend ERIC-PCR banding pattern could be potential tool to differentiate among fluorescent and non fluorescent group of bacteria.


The control of the deposit of wastes and other material at sea below Mean High Water Springs (MHWS) in UK controlled waters is under Part II of the Food and Environmental Protection Act 1985 (FEPA). The Act provides the framework under which the Ministry controls all deposits in the sea and provides for a high degree of environmental protection consistent with national policy and international obligations arising from the Conventions to which the United Kingdom is a signatory (Oslo, London and OSPAR). Since its introduction, FEPA Part II has been modified via the Environmental Protection Act (Sections 146 and 147) to extend the coverage of the Act to United Kingdom controlled waters, to increase the penalties for infringements of the Act and to provide for greater disclosure of information on licences and the licensing process via the public register established as part of the original legislation. The author discusses licensing considerations, assessment of licence applications, and enforcement. (6 pages)


Cancer is something that happens to someone else-it is a third-person illness. Yet many are faced with the reality of receiving this diagnosis. Often, cancer and its treatment process force patients to cope with issues involving sexual identity, selfimage, and sexual functioning. Lack of education and fear of the unknown are two aspects of cancer that affect most people in the initial stage of treatment. An educational approach that connects concerns about health, mental health, and sexuality could help alleviate fear and thus benefit cancer patients and their partners and families. This article reviews the relevant literature and concentrates on the process of planning an educational model that could be used with patients, their partners, and families with regard to sexuality and self-image issues. Attention is given to defining need and examining the possibilities of incorporating educational material about sexuality into an already-existing educational program.


Educational leadership is no longer considered the exclusive realm of the principal but extends to all educators within the school. Shared leadership encompasses collaboration among many educational roles to define the effective schools of the 21st century. New job demands for a diverse population of leaders and growing accountability at all levels for preparing such effective leaders provides the impetus for faculty in the department of Leadership and Educational Studies at Appalachian State University to explore new ways to prepare our students for these realities. The resulting project represents a shift from discreet courses that trapped programs in self-sustained silos of learning to expand both learning and teaching along with that of students into a more global perspective. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-60960-517-9.ch005


The research was motivated by the increasing of competition among the competitors flight services company. Sriwijaya Airlines company was experiencing decline sales 27,05% in 2013. In this case, the company had to increase the service quality and trust to the decision of utilizing of the Sriwijaya Air flight company service. This research aims to know the service quality effect which is consists of five dimensions of service quality they are reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, tangible; and trust to the decision of utilizing the Sriwijaya Air flight company service. The hypothesis is there was service quality effect and trust to the decision of utilizing the Sriwijaya Air flight company service. The type of this research is an explanatory research, the sample collecting technique is purposive sampling technique by 100 samples as the respondents. This research used linear regression which is supported by SPSS for Windows as the analysis method. The results of statistical research shows that the quality of service and trust variables have a positive influence to the decision of utilizing the Sriwijaya Air flight company service. Consumer perceptions of service quality Srwijaya Air quite good and the confidence level is high so that relatively strong consumption decisions. It can be concluded that the quality of service and trust affect the decision Sriwijaya Air service usage. Based on the results of the research, the researchers suggested that the company improve the service quality, increase flight service, compensation for damage to goods and increase consumer confidence like improve the consistency of the performance of the officer so that customers do not switch to a competitor and still survive in the competition at this time.


Cubic splines in Euclidean space minimize the mean squared acceleration among all curves interpolating a given set of data points. We extend this observation to the Riemannian manifold of discrete shells in which the associated metric measures both bending and membrane distortion. Our generalization replaces the acceleration with the covariant derivative of the velocity. We introduce an effective time‐discretization for this novel paradigm for navigating shell space. Further transferring this concept to the space of triangular surface descriptors—edge lengths, dihedral angles, and triangle areas—results in a simplified interpolation method with high computational efficiency.


The aim of the research is to identify trends that set the agenda of the structural reforms of OECD countries, as well as of the organization's partner countries, in the context of the place of financial sector reforms in it.The authors apply the following methods: content-analysis of sources, monitoring of directions and instruments of economic policy in the financial sector, analysis of approaches used by international organizations in order to determine reform priorities (benchmarking), and decomposition of the components of the financial sector reform agenda. The paper shows that the agenda of financial liberalization, formulated in the 1970s, is mostly exhausted, although a certain gap remains between countries with developed and emerging markets in terms of the financial liberalization index. Financial regulatory reforms focused on the goal of building a more resilient global financial system, formulated in the aftermath of the 2007–2009 crisis, are affecting all countries and are also ending. Reforms are now coming to the fore, focusing on areas of the structural transformation agenda such as inclusive growth and an environmental perspective.The paper concludes that the main components of financial reforms in an inclusive context are financial inclusion, financial and digital literacy. In terms of the environmental agenda, the countries are focusing on the tasks of directing financial resources to the implementation of the UN sustainable development goals, introducing ESG investment principles for financial institutions, and developing and implementing principles for issuing green financial instruments.


We present features and samples of use of the index optimizer module which has been implemented and tested in the ODRA prototype system. The ODRA index implementation is based on linear hashing and works in a scope of a standalone database. The solution is adaptable to distributed environments in order to optimally utilize data grid computational resources. The implementation consists of transparent optimization, automatic index updating and management facilities.


This paper presents a common reactive power measurement method, discussed various methods using micro-controller feasi-bility. The paper also introduced the ADI' s ADuC812 micro-controller chips, The internal chip integrated analog / digital converter, 16M bytes of addressable data space, and DMA function for reactive power measurement provides a material foundation. Delay mea-surements using methods and the ADuC812 chip reactive power measurement, it is good value.


Genetic algorithm-assisted combinatorial chemistry (GACC) was implemented to search for new blue phosphors in seven cation systems, including CaO, MgO, BaO, SrO, B2O3, P2O5, and Eu2O3. The GACC process was followed by a series of fine-tuning processes based on conventional high-throughput screening employing quaternary and ternary libraries, to pinpoint promising compositions. GACC was found to be useful as a preliminary step for final screening. This series of processes involving computations and actual syntheses led us to (Sr1-x-yCaxBay)2P2O7:Eu2+ (0.32 < x < 0.72, y < 0.04) phosphors. It was found that the boron addition played a significant role in enhancing the luminance but it was completely evaporated during the synthesis, and an excessive amount of alkali earth elements was essential for better luminescence. The luminance of (Sr1-x-yCaxBay)2P2O7:Eu2+ (0.32 < x < 0.72, y < 0.04) phosphors reached 70% of a commercially available BAM phosphor at 254 nm excitation. The color chromaticity was in the de...


Retirement is the state when people donot work anymore due to the finished working terms
(Indonesian dictionary, 2008). Many people regard retirement as a stressful period and terrifying event (Zarit in Santrock, 1999). Yet, it is different with the retirees in Sukagerang Garut, where 43% of retirees run a business as a positive activity to spend their leisure time and is regarded as a livelihood, although financial-insufficiency, daily activities change, and
social relation change are found in the period. By doing so, the retirees can accept their current status, feel comfortable with the retirement period, manage good relationship with their old
friends,have purpose of life, know themselves deeper, and arrange a satisfying life.Those
things are retirement evaluation toward individuals and their life affecting psychological welfare, which according to Ryff is called Psychological Well Being.This research aims at
investigating how Psychological Well Being of the retired civil servants in Sukagerang Garut
is.The descriptive qualitative method was employed in this research with nine retirees as the participants.The measuring instrument used in this research was the questionnaire adapted from Psychological Well Being Scale (PWBS) proposed by Carol D. Ryff.The research found that six participants got the highest score for six dimensions, one participant got four high dimensions (positive relationship with others, autonomy, environmental mastery and purpose of life), one participant got four high dimensions (self-acceptance, positive relationship with others, purpose of life, and self-growth, and one participant got two high dimensions (autonomy and purpose of life).


1. "Flavanone synthase" was isolated from anthers of Tulipa cv. "Apeldoorn" and partially purified by (NH4) 2SO4 fractionation, gel chromatography and isoelectric focussing. The enzyme preparation was free of chalcone-flavanone isomerase activity. 2. p-Coumaroyl-CoA, caffeoyl-CoA and feruloyl-CoA were found to be efficient substrates of the synthase. The products formed were naringenin (5,7,4′-trihydroxyflavanone), eriodictyol (5,7,3′,4′-tetrahydroxyflavanone) and homoeriodictyol (5,7,4′-trihydroxy-3′-methoxyflavanone), respectively. Addition of thiol reagents at concentrations exceeding 10-3 м caused inhibition of the enzyme. " Release products" , however, were not detectable. Although exclusively chalcones accumulate in the tulip anther, only flavanones but no chalcones were detectable in our in vitro system. 3. The apparent Km values for p-coumaroyl-CoA, caffeoyl-CoA and feruloyl-CoA were 1 .7× 10-6 м, 1.6× 10-6 м and 2 .5 ×10-6 м, respectively. Similar data were observed for malonyl- CoA. 4. No cofactors are required for the synthase reaction. The enzyme is strongly inhibited by the reaction products flavanone and coenzyme A . Maximum enzyme activity was found at pH 8.0 and 30 °. The molecular weight was approx. 55,000. 5. Synthase activity develops in early postmeiotic stages of microsporogenesis. Highest specific activities of the enzyme coincide with a maximum in chalcone accumulation within the anthers. 6. The contents of anthers was separated into two fractions, pollen and tapetum. Highest specific activities were observed with tapetum fractions, while pollen fractions exhibited only very low activities. The high enzyme activity in the tapetum fraction points to the important role of the tapetum in the biosynthesis of flavonoids in the loculus of anthers.