This study was to determine the relation between attachment styles and weight concerns of adolescence girls. Method: This descriptive-correlation study performed on 322 freshman, sophomore and junior high school students of Shiraz that were selected randomly. After clarifying the validity and reliability of the study tools, the main study was done by adult attachment questionnaire (AAQ); new version (1993) and weight concern scale (WCS), Beck depression index (BDI) and body mass index (BMI). Two way analysis of variance and Scheffe were the two statistical methods used to analyze data. Results: Girls with insecure attachment styles (avoidant and ambivalent) in comparison with girls with secure attachment were more concerned about their weight. There was no significant difference between the weights concern of subjects with avoidant attachment style and ambivalent attachment style. There was no significant affect interaction between attachment styles. Body mass index had no significant effect on weight concern. Conclusion: Attachment style knowledge can play a significant role as an important variable in predicting weight concern and also in psychopathology toward eating disorders.


To reveal the characteristics of polyphenol oxidase(PPO)in 'Angeleno'plum flesh,the characteristics of polyphenol oxidase of plum were studied in this paper by spectrophotometry,including the effects of pH,temperature,substrate concentration,inhibitor,enzyme storage time on PPO activity.Factors affecting the activity of polyphenol oxidase extracted from plum flesh by spectrophotometer were studied.The results showed that the optimum pH was 5.8and the optimum temperature was 40℃,and the PPO activity was inhibited by99.5%in 3minutes at 90℃.The relationship between catechol substrate concentration and'Angeleno'pulp flesh PPO activity accorded with Michaelis-Menten equation enzymatic reaction kinetics.Ascorbic acid(Vc)and sodium sulfite were found as the strong inhibitors of theenzyme preparation,0.7mmol/L ascorbic acid and 0.6mmol/L sodium sulfite inhibited the activity of PPO,and the activity of PPO of'Angeleno'plum flesh supernatant enzymes decreased by 14% at 4℃and stored for 2hours.


The main purpose of this paper is to study the existence of a fixed points in fuzzy n-normed spaces. we proved our main results, a fixed point theorem for a self mapping and a common fixed point theorem for a pair of weakly compatible mappings on fuzzy n-normed spaces. Also we gave some remarks on fuzzy n-normed spaces.


Resonant Rayleigh scattering (RRS) is observed upon excitation of a microcavity containing a single crystal of the organic molecule anthracene. The RRS profile is obtained for a range of excitation energies and angles. In contrast to the circular profile observed for inorganic microcavities, the scattered light pattern is elliptical when projected normal to the sample surface. The profile shape provides a direct visual representation of the anisotropic microcavity polariton dispersion characteristic of organic crystals.


The surface of topological insulators is proposed as a promising platform for spintronics and quantum information applications. In particular, when time- reversal symmetry is broken, topological surface states are expected to exhibit a wide range of exotic spin phenomena for potential implementation in electronics. Such devices need to be fabricated using nanoscale artificial thin films. It is of critical importance to study the spin behavior of artificial topological MBE thin films associated with magnetic dopants, and with regards to quantum size effects related to surface-to-surface tunneling as well as experimentally isolate time-reversal breaking from non-intrinsic surface electronic gaps. Here we present observation of the first (and thorough) study of magnetically induced spin reorientation phenomena on the surface of a topological insulator. Our results reveal dramatic rearrangements of the spin configuration upon magnetic doping contrasted with chemically similar nonmagnetic doping as well as with quantum tunneling phenomena in ultra-thin high quality MBE films. While we observe that the spin rearrangement induced by quantum tunneling occurs in a time-reversal invariant fashion, we present critical and systematic observation of an out-of-plane spin texture evolution correlated with magnetic interactions, which breaks time-reversal symmetry, demonstrating microscopic TRB at a Kramers' point on the surface.


The use of generic model for a document class as the knowledge base in a Document Analysis System facilitates the analysis and understanding of documents belonging to this class. Nevertheless, absence of tools permitting the acquisition of this type of model is an hindrance to the conception of entirely automatic systems. In this paper, we present a method for acquiring the generic model for a document class from document samples belonging to this class. Our method is based on Inference of Tree Grammars and combination of ODA-like generic constructors. The method constructs specific physical structure for each sample and invites the user to assign logical labels to its components. From these logically labeled specific structures, it generates and modifies the generic model for the class under treatment.


This research aims to investigate the comparative measurement impact of the three ownership structures (government, institutional and family) on bank risk takings measured by Z-Score with capital adequacy ratio as the moderating element towards bank risk taking as measured by ZScore, along with the five control variables. There are two Z-Score measurement used in this study. The first Z-Score measurement is used to measure risk taking in developed countries, meanwhile the second ZScore is the formulation that is used and is based on the context that fits for Malaysia as one of the emerging markets. Data from eight Large Domestically-owned Commercial Banks in Malaysia for the period that ran from 2000 to 2012 is used in this research. Hierarchical moderated multiple regression results suggest that capital adequacy is significant as a moderating factor merely for the second measurement of bank risk. Besides, the interaction between family ownership and capital adequacy are also found to be significant only towards risk taking for the second measurement of the bank risk.


General Hoegeng Iman Santoso was the Chief of the Indonesian National Police (Kapolri) in 1968 - 1971. He is a son of the nation who was born in Pekalongan on October 14, 1921. This research uses the historical research method according to Daliman which consists of four steps, namely: 1) Heurustik ( data collection), 2) Source Criticism (testing), 3) Interpretation (Analysis), 4) Historiography (Writing History). The results of this study are 1) Biography of Hoegeng Iman Santoso 2) Career Tracks of Hoegeng Iman Santoso 3) Hoegeng's characters that can be imitated by the younger generation: a) honesty, namely behavior in an effort that makes him dependable in words, actions and activities, honesty Hoegeng should be used as a role model for the younger generation b) time discipline determines human fluency in achieving something he wants c) simplicity is an act that is in sync with actual conditions.


Studying folk epics, which are our spiritual heritage, especially its beautiful, rich and unique language, comparing them with modern literary language and drawing certain conclusions can allow us to express some ideas for linguistics. At present, due to the granting of the status of the state language to the Uzbek language, the words of a foreign language (mainly Russian) are becoming obsolete, and many lexical units from the vernacular and its dialects are entering. It is well known that internal possibilities have played an important role in the comprehensive enrichment of the language. In this regard, it is appropriate to study the vocabulary of folk epics and bring the necessary, living words into the literary language.


Standardization of data organization was discussed and the NC Milling parameters database system was set up.This system stores cutting data in normalized cutting depths,which can guide users to select milling parameters, calculate milling force, torque and power etc, and realize the velocity interpolation calculation of Taylor expressions.


The problem of ground vibration is expected to increase as trains operate at faster speeds. The authors have, in the past, studied vibration control work for installation near structures and proposed assessment methods for the effects of such work. There are, however, no actual records of ground vibration caused by train operation being measured and reviewed continuously and in the same manner. The authors thus carried out continuous ground vibration measurements at the same location and in the same manner. The measurement results confirmed that the frequency characteristics of ground vibration are greatly affected by different train sets, while the vibration transmission characteristics within the ground are not affected so much.


The core value system of socialist has dubious cultural connotations,embodying the integration of the traditional Chinese culture,western culture and socialist culture.It guides the development orientation of socialist system,and serves as the fundament to guide social thoughts,social consensus and the construction of social harmonious culture.


The location of shock-induced boundary-layer separation inside the divergent section of convergent–divergent nozzles is studied experimentally. Pressure-sensitive paint technique is used with nozzles of different design Mach numbers in the range 1.4–2.8. Nozzle pressure ratios in the range of 1.12–4.91, corresponding to a "jet Mach number" range of 0.4–1.7 and a Reynolds number range of 0.35×106–0.58×107, are covered in the experiment. As it is well-known, one-dimensional nozzle flow theory grossly overpredicts the throat-to-shock-location distance at a given nozzle pressure ratio. A correlation from the literature based on rocket nozzle databases is also found to be inadequate for these nozzles of lower design Mach number typical of aircraft applications. For the parametric range covered, a simple correlation for the shock location distance is found. All data collapse in a cluster when plotted as a function of the ratio of jet Mach number to design Mach number. A curve-fit equation representing the avera...


The functions and roles of Yang Cheng lake and Kui Lei lake in safety guarantee of water resources are analyzed,the problems of water quality and water supply existing in drinking water protection of Kun Shan city are elaborated deeply.Countermeasures and suggestion to safeguard drinking water are discussed,and a series of feasible programs that suit measures to local conditions are put forward.


Cordyceps species, including C. sinensis, C. militaris, C. pruinosa and C. ophioglossoides, are prized traditional medicinal materials. The aim of this article is to review the chemical constituents and pharmacological actions of Cordyceps species. The chemical constituents include cordycepin (3′‐deoxyadenosine) and its derivatives, ergosterol, polysaccharides, a glycoprotein and peptides containing α‐aminoisobutyric acid. They include anti‐tumour, anti‐metastatic, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, insecticidal, antimicrobial, hypolipidaemic, hypoglycaemic, anti‐ageing, neuroprotective and renoprotective effects. Polysaccharide accounts for the anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, anti‐tumour, anti‐metastatic, immunomodulatory, hypoglycaemic, steroidogenic and hypolipidaemic effects. Cordycepin contributes to the anti‐tumour, insecticidal and antibacterial activity. Ergosterol exhibits anti‐tumour and immunomodulatory activity. A DNase has been characterized.


Two-dimensional digital filters are being widely used in modern image processing software for various types of analysis. The main objective of this thesis has been to implement two-dimensional filter functions using simple design procedures such that the presence of elliptical symmetry in such designed filters are obtained by parameter modifications. In keeping with the simple design criteria, the two-dimensional filters studied in this thesis have been designed starting from a product of two one dimensional filters. Only IIR Filters have been considered for this purpose due to their flexibility in terms of altering filter parameters to obtain new filters. The filters have been checked for stability before analysis. The design has made use of the fact that varying the feedback factor ' k ' in an IIR filter produces a near-elliptical symmetric response for certain values of ' k 1 ' and ' k 2 ' having specific magnitude ranges. Considerable success has been achieved in obtained near-elliptical symmetry especially among the two-dimensional lowpass filters and also in other types of filters. It has also been found that there exists numerous possibilities to achieve near elliptical symmetry based on parameter modifications (values of k 1 and k 2 ) and magnitude range of the filter under study. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)


An absorption line locked fiber filter that selects and converts a given absorption line into a highly stable transmission filter is proposed. This filter has very attractive properties for the development of laser sources for gas sensing applications due to its stability behavior and multiwavelength selection.


Focusing on diagonal linear networks as a model for understanding the implicit bias in underdetermined models, we show how the gradient descent step size can have a large qualitative effect on the implicit bias, and thus on generalization ability. In particular, we show how using large step size for non-centered data can change the implicit bias from a "kernel" type behavior to a "rich" (sparsity-inducing) regime — even when gradient flow, studied in previous works, would not escape the "kernel" regime. We do so by using dynamic stability, proving that convergence to dy-namically stable global minima entails a bound on some weighted ℓ 1 -norm of the linear predictor, i.e. a "rich" regime. We prove this leads to good generalization in a sparse regression setting.


INTRODUCTION
The aim of this study was to explore changes in medical therapy and document the level of COVID-19-specific worries in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) during the COVID-19 epidemic in Denmark.

METHODS
A cross-sectional survey including 619 IBD patients was conducted. Patients answered questionnaires regarding IBD, IBD medicine, sociodemographic information, mental health, and COVID-19-specific worries (response rate = 64.6%).

RESULTS
In total, 14.3% of patients using IBD medication had paused or stopped their IBD treatment during the initial phase of the COVID-19 epidemic, the majority (61.4%) either due to remission or because of side-effects. Only five patients stated that COVID-19 contributed to their decision. The majority of patients (70.5%) expressed worries about an increased risk of infection with coronavirus-2 and worries that their IBD and/or IBD treatment might result in severe COVID-19. Women, patients taking immunomodulators and patients who considered their IBD to be severe were significantly more worried than the remaining population. Age, type of IBD, co-morbidity, level of education, work capacity and mental health were not associated with an increased level of COVID-19-specific worries.

CONCLUSIONS
In this selected IBD population, medical IBD treatment was rarely stopped or paused during the initial phase of the COVID-19 epidemic even though 70% of the respondents expressed COVID-19-specific worries. These worries should, nevertheless, be addressed and the characteristics of the population who expressed concerns may be used in future targeted information to secure compliance.

FUNDING
none.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
not relevant.


Unitarian Universalist congregations suffer from short-term ministries, requiring focus on transition rather than faith development and congregational vision. This thesis suggests that long-term ministries are advantageous, and explores factors contributing to effective long-term ministries. The method was to interview clergy serving eight or more years in congregations and following other long-term ministers. Interviewees were then brought into dialogue with leadership theory, theology, and past studies of the topic. The analysis reveals benefits for Unitarian Universalist long-term ministries, including increased stability, trust, vision, resilience, and spiritual maturity. The thesis concludes with proposals to support long-term ministries more widely in Unitarian Universalism.


The behaviour of concrete is very complex due to its heterogeneity, anisotropy, non-linearity and localisation of deformation in the form of cracks (failure mode I) and shear zones (failure mode II). An understanding of the mechanism of the formation of strain localisation is very important, since it acts as a precursor to the ultimate fracture and failure. Classical FE-simulations with material with softening are not able to model localisation properly. The obtained results suffer from the mesh sensitivity. The reason is that differential equations of motion change their type and the boundary value problem is ill-posed. To capture properly strain localisation within continuum mechanics, a characteristic length of the microstructure has to be included. It restores a wellposedness of a boundary value problem and enables one to obtain an objective numerical solution. In addition, a deterministic size effect can be captured. The aim of the paper is to show results of realistic FE-simulations of concrete elements under mixed mode conditions (simultaneous occurrence of the failure mode I and II) [1]. To describe strain localization in concrete, three constitutive models defined within continuum mechanics were enriched by a characteristic length of micro-structure using a non-local theory. Alternatively, FEsimulations of strain localiztaion were also performed using cohesive elements.


FIELD: construction. SUBSTANCE: structural block comprises the first and second element, identical to the above first element, at the same time each of the above elements has, in general, a parallelogram shape with a central hole and a cut in one angle and inner walls formed at least in the above central hole, at the same time the above element rotates relative to the other element approximately at the angle of 180°, and each element has a truncated inner surface, partially formed by the above inner hole; each element is connected with the other element by means of stretching via the central hole of the other element and substantially closing this central hole, and each element has a face surface directed towards the appropriate face surface of the other element; above cuts are arranged along a diagonal axis stretching via the above elements and via the above windows; the above elements may turn along the above diagonal axis between the closed position, in which face surfaces contact with each other, and the open position, in which the above face surfaces are separated, and truncated inner surfaces of elements rest against each other and act as stops to limit movement of the above elements. Also a wall, a window for a building and an architectural structure using the above block are described. EFFECT: reduced cost for construction of structures. 20 cl, 12 dwg


With the continuous development of economic globalization and information network, the intercultural communication people from different regions and cultural backgrounds are widespread. For the problems in intercultural personnel training and evaluation, this paper uses linear comprehensive evaluation method to conduct the study based on evaluation index system. First, building an evaluation mathematical model, and the evaluation could be divided into three steps according to solving process; then, creating the index weight vectors, which includes one-level index weight vector and six two-level index weight vectors; finally, comprehensive evaluation case study should be carried on according to solving steps, so you can get evaluation findings. The advantages of the method presented in this paper is that the interaction between each evaluation index obtains linear compensation, so it ensures the fairness of the comprehensive evaluation and plays an important role in promoting intercultural communication and personnel training.


Based on the theory of viscoelasticity and the principle of interaction between surrounding rock and structure in unload state, analytical solution of the stress field and displacement field of the frozen wall is obtained. Calculation results of the stress and displacement fields suggest that radial stress and displacement in the sidewall are very large within 15 days after pouring concrete of the outer shaft wall, which is proved by the fact that engineering incidents such as shaft wall rupture happen exactly at this time. The results also indicate that radial stress at different points in frozen wall all tend to the imposed loads on outer frozen wall finally, and that means the frozen wall is fluidized. This calculation theory can be used in the design of frozen wall in deep alluvium.


PURPOSE: To obtain a rotor which can be accelerated quickly and has a small diameter and inertia by providing a cylindrical magnetic rotor and two coil sections so that a symmetrical surface can be formed through the shaft of the rotor between both coils and the leg sections of the coils can be extended to the symmetrical surface from the point corresponding to the radial surface of a bobbin, and then, the magnetic poles of the rotor can be matched to the surface at the center of movement of a galvanometer. CONSTITUTION: A stator 51 surrounds a rotor 100 and incorporates a bobbin 50 having two winding cavity sections 71 controlled by the external winding surface 54 and axial surface 65 of the bobbin 50. Each winding 31 forms a coil section 75 on the bobbin 50. Coils are respectively wound on the winding sections 67 of the bobbin 50. The coil sections 75 are symmetrically provided around a main symmetrical surface 73. When an electric current flows to the coils on the bobbin 50 and interacts with the magnetic field of the rotor 100, a magnetic field which gives a torque to the rotor 1 is generated. A mobile magnet galvanometer can be constituted in the rotor 100 which contains a large amount of magnetic material in the thin sleeve, is constituted solidly, and has a small diameter.


230 Alain Degenne was 'directeur de recherche' in the CNRS (French National Research Centre). He is now retired. He has published Introducing Social Networks (with Michel Forsé) (Sage, 1999) and Sociologie des comportements intentionnels [The Sociology of Well-Meaning Behaviours], with Yannick Lemel (Economica, 2006). Address: 4, rue des Coutures, F-14470 Reviers, France. [email: email@example.com]


Cooperative phenomena in a radiating system have been discussed by Dicke. A new formulation of the theory is presented, which shows more clearly the relations of these effects with the quantum-mechanical identity principle. Some theoretical and practical implications of the theory are pointed out. (auth)


Hinode/SOT and SDO/AIA movies have given us new insights into the dynamic connections between prominences and coronal cavities. The observations suggest that prominences and coronal cavities are elements of a single large-scale structure in the solar corona: a helical magnetic flux rope. We discuss supporting observational evidence such as the relationship between the so-called "prominence bubbles" discovered by Hinode/SOT and coronal cavities, as well as spiral flows in the central regions of coronal cavities observed by AIA. We hypothesize that coronal cavity flux ropes support a form of magneto-thermal convection in which hot plasma and magnetic flux are transported upward into the coronal cavity flux rope with subsequent radiative cooling and condensation forming the partially ionized prominence return flows seen in visible light observations. Understanding the mass, magnetic flux, and helicity transport of this complex system will lead to better understanding of quiet Sun coronal mass ejections (CMEs).


The article is devoted the process of technology transfer in the production of biological medicines as a mandatory element of the global market of biological medicines. In addition, technology transfer in the production of biological medicines has a number of features, compliance with which is an important condition for their dissemination and legal regulation. At the same time, we agree with the opinion of scientists who claim that technology transfer in the production of medicines, including biological ones, takes place at all stages of implementation of legal norms, so to fully understand the process of technology transfer in the production of biological medicines international law, which determines the relevance of this study. Peculiarities of legal regulation of technology transfer process in the production of biological medicines at the international and national levels are determined, in which modern ideas about the principles and approaches to the process and content of technology transfer are fixed. The article presents a set of both national and international legal documents, the analysis of which and their characteristics in terms of technology transfer, creates a rather complex mechanism of legal regulation of technology transfer in the production of drugs, including biological, respectively, nationally and internationally levels. It is proved that the priority for the national market is to improve the existing system of legal regulation and systematization of the legal mechanism of technology transfer in the production of biological medicines, which will help avoid significant differences in requirements, reduce duplication of procedures from production of biological medicines to technology transfer. While for the international level of regulation of technology transfer in the production of biological medicines there is a need to create their own legal institutionalization in the system of international law, taking into account its specific legal nature and the interests of the parties.


The invention discloses a soft grinding material injection machine, which comprises a sand cylinder body, a baiting device, a feeding device, an injection device and a control device, wherein soft grinding material is arranged in the sand cylinder body; the baiting device is arranged on the bottom of the sand cylinder body; the feeding inlet of the feeding device is communicated with the feeding outlet of the feeding device; the material injection inlet of the injection device is communicated with the feeding outlet of the feeding device; the baiting device, the feeding device and the injection device are all controlled to connect by the control device; the baiting device comprises a chain and a baiting motor; the chain is annularly arranged in the vertical plane; and the baiting motor drives the chain to rotate in the vertical plane. The soft grinding material injection machine has the beneficial effects that the unconventional grinding material conveying principle is changed, and therefore unconventional grinding materials, such as soft grinding materials can be normally injected; the working efficiency is improved; compared with the working efficiency and the working effect of the conventional grinding material injection machine, the working efficiency and the working effect of the soft grinding material injection machine are same and can achieve 12m /h; and the soft grinding material injection machine does not pollute the environment and is harmless to people.


Friction tests in lubrication environment were performed on polyoxymethylene (POM) thrust washer samples which were groove-patterned by laser surface texturing technique. The width of groove and concentration against the total normal contact were about 100 μn and 20%, respectively. The lubricant used was SAE 5W-30 motor oil and it was stored inside the oil chamber during sliding test. The applied pressure was 12.58 ㎪ and sliding tests were carried out for 10 minutes with different sliding speeds of 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 m/s. The sliding speeds ensured the steady state of friction. Test results indicated that the coefficient of friction decreases with grooves normal to the rotation direction and the degree of reduction becomes larger with the increase in sliding speed. Few of wear tracks on POM surfaces were found along the sliding direction, and it is concluded that they were from initial contact and subsequent rotational motion, while the steel counterface rests on the POM surface.


Android and Facebook provide third-party applications with access to users' private data and the ability to perform potentially sensitive operations (e.g., post to a user's wall or place phone calls). As a security measure, these platforms restrict applications' privileges with permission systems: users must approve the permissions requested by applications before the applications can make privacy-or security-relevant API calls. However, recent studies have shown that users often do not understand permission requests and are unsure of which permissions are typical for applications. As a first step towards simplifying permission systems, we cluster a corpus of 188,389 Android applications and 27,029 Facebook applications to find patterns in permission requests. Using a method for Boolean matrix factorization to find overlapping clusters of permissions, we find that Facebook permission requests follow a clear structure that can be fitted well with only five patterns, whereas Android applications demonstrate more complex permission requests. We also find that low-reputation applications often deviate from the permission request patterns that we identified for high-reputation applications, which suggests that permission request patterns can be indicative of user satisfaction or application quality.


Objectives: To observe the mitigating effects of a Traditional Korean Medicine(TKM) treatment program especially including pharmacopuncture, with Cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin chemotherapy on a both sides breast cancer patient. Methods: AA 74 year-old female patient diagnosed with both sides brea...


CHOLESTYRAMINE, a quaternary ammonium anion-exchange resin, has been used in the management of severe pruritus from obstructive jaundice1 and for hypercholesterolemia.2 This nonabsorbable resin binds bile salts in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby preventing normal terminal ileal reabsorption and enhancing fecal excretion. With complete biliary obstruction the drug is ineffective since only bile salts excreted through the intestinal epithelium can be bound. Cholestyramine has been efficacious in the management of so-called "intrahepatic biliary atresia," with relief of anorexia and pruritus, lowering of serum cholesterol and bilirubin, reduction in number and size of cutaneous xanthomas and improvement of liver function with the . . .


– One of the effective technologies that have been found useful in a number of real-time applications to increase the safety of roadways is called a vehicular ad hoc network, or VANET for short. In spite of the many advantages of the VANET, one of the most difficult aspects of this network is still the creation of an efficient routing protocol. The fact that VANET involves dynamic factors in its routing process makes it a difficult task to do successfully. It is possible to build a wide variety of route selection strategies in order to make efficient use of the available networking resources and to improve the efficacy of the routing. To achieve a higher level of resource utilization within VANET, the development of an efficient routing protocol is an absolute necessity. As a result of this impetus, the purpose of this research is to present an energy efficient hill climbing based red deer algorithm known as EEHC-RDA for use as an optimal route selection technique in VANET. In order to increase both the system's lifetime and its energy efficiency, the EEHC-RDA technique that has been presented prioritizes the selection of the most effective routes to the final destination. In addition, the EEHC-RDA method improves the convergence rate since it combines the mating behaviour of red deer with the hill climbing (HC) ideas. In addition to this, the EEHC-RDA method computes a fitness function for selecting the best possible routes, which takes into account a variety of input factors. In order to show that the EEHC-RDA approach offers a higher level of performance, a broad range of simulations are carried out. The outcomes of these simulations show that the suggested model has an enhanced performance in contrast to the existing methods in terms of a wide variety of different metrics, which demonstrates that the present state of approaches is not optimal.


The invention discloses a preparation method of high-temperature-corrosion-resistant (Fe, Cr) 23C6 type carbides. The method is implemented by using three kinds of powder, namely, Fe powder, Cr powder and graphite powder through carrying out ball-milling in two steps: 1, uniformly mixing the Cr powder with the graphite powder firstly; and 2, adding the Fe powder into the mixture of the Cr powder and the graphite powder which are uniformly mixed; through using the two-step ball-milling method, and then by cooperating an appropriate sintering process, a single (Fe, Cr) 23C6 type carbide block is obtained. According to the preparation method disclosed by the invention, through controlling an appropriate ball-milling process and a sintering system, pure (Fe, Cr) 23C6 type carbide blocks with different crystal grain sizes can be successfully prepared. The prepared (Fe, Cr) 23C6 type carbide material is simple in preparation process, and has good corrosion resistance.


FIG. 1. Left panel: Sum of the energy of the 3 alpha particles with subtraction of the uncorrelated event spectrum obtained summing the energies of three alpha particles form different events. Right panel: Reconstructed excitation energy of Mg assuming that the excited magnesium is decaying into two carbons one in the ground state, the other with enough excitation energy to split in three alphas. The blue and red triangles show the excitation energies of Mg decaying into two C as found in refs. [4,5] respectively. Exploring the structure of C using the thick target inverse kinematics technique


physiology of sickle cell nephropathy was elucidated and the role of epigenetic changes, pericyte biology and immune cells were described in relation to transitions from AKI to CKD. New targets for intervention were described including function-blocking integrins, vasopressin, endothelial derived micro particles and non-pharmacological biomechanical approaches to mitigate the effects of AKI. Translation of pre-clinical studies to human application continues to be an area of intense research. Modifications in pre-clinical study design, use of human kidney organoids as unique opportunities to understand the different manifestations of AKI were discussed. Knowledge obtained from pre-clinical models is now being applied in evaluating the remote effects of AKI and understanding the pathophysiology of sepsis-associated AKI and immune dysfunction in AKI. This knowledge should facilitate the development of strategies for the prevention and management of AKI. While well-conducted clinical trials are the benchmark for demonstrating efficacy and effectiveness of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, the importance of adjudication of renal events, pertinent trial endpoints and economic analysis was highlighted. Prevention of Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a rapidly evolving area, where several advances have been made in understanding the mechanisms and pathways of AKI and its effect on other organs. Recent identification of biomarkers has provided new tools and techniques to characterize this disorder. This workshop was a comprehensive review of the most recent developments in the field, and described emerging knowledge from basic and translational research. Results from clinical trials were discussed to define the best strategies for effective management of patients and define the criteria for future studies. This issue summarizes the proceedings from the 7th University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB)-University of California San Diego (UCSD) O'Brien Core Center for AKI Research symposium held during the 22nd Annual Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy meeting in San Diego, California on Tuesday, March 7, 2017. The meeting included 26 experts invited from around the world, and over 100 participants were in attendance. Symposia sessions focused on defining key pathways and targets involved in the development and resolution from AKI. Underlying mechanisms contributing to energy metabolism in the basal state and its response to hypoxia and renal stress and link to renal hemodynamics were discussed. A major theme was to explore the contributors to the progression of AKI to CKD, and speakers provided elegant overviews of the experimental evidence and molecular mechanisms that are in play. The pathoReceived: May 26, 2017 Accepted after revision: May 31, 2017 Published online: November 4, 2017


Abstract—We have previously demonstrated that thrombin upregulation of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) is essential for thrombin-induced mitogenic signaling. To characterize the mechanisms involved, we studied transcription of the IGF-1R gene in rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Thrombin markedly increased IGF-1R mRNA levels, peaking at 3 hours (112±7% above control). This effect was mimicked by the hexapeptide SFFLRN (that functions as a tethered ligand) and was blocked by the thrombin inhibitor hirudin. Nuclear run-on assays indicated that thrombin stimulated IGF-1R gene transcription by 2.1-fold, and this was confirmed with the use of actinomycin D. Thrombin-mediated upregulation of IGF-1R mRNA and protein levels was protein kinase C independent but was completely inhibited by the protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein and by the antioxidants N-acetyl-l-cysteine and pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate, suggesting the involvement of reactive oxygen species. The thrombin-induced increase in IGF-...


We show that 1300-nm three-photon imaging of GCaMP6s-labeled neurons achieves stronger signal and superior signal-to-background ratio in deep mouse brain when compared to 920-nm two-photon imaging, using the same pulse energy at the brain surface.


About a decade ago two luminescence techniques, thermoluminescence (TL) and chemiluminescence (CL), were first described as methods for the detection of irradiated spices. It has now been established that the CL method can be used to screen only certain foodstuffs for irradiation. The TL method, instead, has been developed for clear identification of foods irradiated with at least 1 kGy and contaminated by minerals. The method is therefore suitable for a wide range of foodstuffs and it has been applied by laboratories for routine control. The latest findings prove that even irradiation with very low doses used to inhibit the sprouting of potatoes and onions can be clearly detected . In addition to CL and TL, other luminescence techniques which were described as suitable to detect irradiated food, i.e. the photo-stimulated luminescence and the H20 2-stimulated CL, are briefly reviewed.


This letter describes some characteristics of spontaneous oscillations of transistors in particular avalanche conditions. An interesting performance of this behavior is the high speed and power of base signal, a useful equivalent circuit, and the repetition frequency dependence of oscillations on external components and operating point are given.


The sequence of events from construction to opepe-ation of the Kahl power plant is described and illustrated in a table. The adaptability of the lattice condition and the transition behavior are discussed. (D.L.C.)


We researched, polymorphism, of interleukin IL-8 gene at Helicobacter pylori-associated diseases: ulcers and chronic gastritis in native and visitant population of the Republic of Khakassia by the method, of restriction enzyme digest analysis. Prevalence of subtypes VacA+ and CagA+ of Helicobacter pylori was realized, by the method, of polymerase chain reaction. We revealed, the most widespread allelic variants of genes of cytokines among Khakas. The expediency of determination, of population, risk and. protective genotypes of Helicobacter pylori that promote development of ulcer desease in Khakas.


On April 25, 2007, Gregory Diaz was arrested for participating in the sale of ecstasy. During questioning at the police station the arresting officer, without a warrant and more than ninety minutes after the initial arrest, took Diaz's cell phone from the station's evidence room and scrolled through the text message folder. He discovered a message implicating Diaz in the sale, which led to Diaz confessing. Both the trial and appellate courts denied Diaz's motion to suppress the cell phone evidence, holding the search of the cell phone was incident to arrest and any evidence it turned up was "fair game." The California Supreme Court affirmed on the same grounds, concluding that because the cell phone was "immediately associated" with Diaz's person, the search was valid.


Protection of women in relation to pregnancy and maternity is generally regulated in the Council Directive 92/85/EEC of 19 October 1992 on the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health at work of pregnant workers and workers who have recently given birth or are breastfeeding. However, pregnancy discrimination has been the subject of numerous rulings issued by the Court of Justice of the European Union. On the basis of this case-law several questions can be asked. Most of them concern the legal character of pregnancy discrimination and the scope of pregnant women protection.Therefore, the first part of the article will focus on the problem of relations between pregnancy and sex discrimination. It will also consider if pregnancy discrimination should be based on comparison. The second part of the contribution will concentrate on the question if pregnancy discrimination is direct or indirect one or maybe we should refer to a special protection approach. Finally, the scope of pregnant women protection will be presented. The article will try to answer the question if further actions are necessary to tackle pregnancy discrimination, including the adoption of new regulations by the European Union or the change of the Court of Justice's position. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n9p441


Historiography has long accepted the view that the first Paris section of the International, between 1864 and 1867, commonly known as the Gravilliers group, from the name of street where they had their premises, was Proudhonian.1 While in more recent decades, various studies have qualified or even rejected the idea altogether,2 it has still retained some currency down to our day in numerous writings which historians and activists have devoted to that historical period.3 Indeed, such a reference to Proudhon by the members of the Paris section of the International Working Men's Association (iwma) is evidenced in their writings as well as in their position-taking. But far from offering


Testicular torsion is a severe variant of postnatal gonad pathology in children. The speed of development of irreversible ischemic disorders determines not only the medical, but also the social significance of the problem and determines the need for accurate and rapid diagnosis and prompt provision of adequate care to the patient. The only objective method for diagnosing testicular torsion in children is ultrasound. At the same time, the characteristics of the child's body: the small size of the object of study, low rates of intratesticular blood flow and restless behavior during the study sharply reduce the diagnostic value of the Doppler study or make it technically impossible. Thus, seroshkal ultrasound is the first stage of diagnosis of this complex emergency pathology, based on the results of which it is possible to diagnose testicular torsion with great accuracy. The publication summarizes our own experience of 110 echographic observations of postnatal testicular torsion in children older than 2 months, all cases were verified intraoperatively. A quantitative method for estimating the deformity of a twisted testicle is proposed and its statistical reliability is proved. The options presented for gray-scale changes in the structure of damaged gonads and determined their prognostic significance. The publication contains a review of the literature and is extensively illustrated.


The use of a nonwoven geotextile proved an effective solution to the potentially difficult construction of a dike. The dike, 300 feet long by 100 feet wide by 14 feet high, was built across a pond on very soft subgrade. The high elongation and permeability characteristics were the reasons for using the nonwoven fabric. Extremely poor site conditions required a geotextile with high initial survivability during construction. The high permeability of the product was needed to limit excess pore pressure. It also helped speed up the consolidation process and at the same time, limited initial construction stresses. Details of the construction and fabric installation are summarized.


In the past years, deep learning-based machinery fault diagnosis methods have been successfully developed, and the basic diagnostic problems have been well addressed where the training and testing data are collected under the same operating conditions. When the training and testing data are from different distributions, domain adaptation approaches have been introduced. However, the existing methods generally assume the availability of the target-domain data in all the health conditions during training, which is not in accordance with the real industrial scenarios. This article proposes a deep learning-based fault diagnosis method to address the partial domain adaptation problems, where the unsupervised target-domain training data do not cover the full machine health state label space. The conditional data alignment and unsupervised prediction consistency schemes are proposed to achieve partial domain adaptation. The experimental results on two rotating machinery datasets suggest the proposed method offers a promising tool for this practical industrial problem.


Aims. With the large amount of molecular emission data from (sub)millimeter observatories and incoming James Webb Space Tele- scope infrared spectroscopy, access to fast forward models of the chemical composition of protoplanetary disks is of paramount importance. Methods. We used a thermo-chemical modeling code to generate a diverse population of protoplanetary disk models. We trained a K-nearest neighbors (KNN) regressor to instantly predict the chemistry of other disk models. Results. We show that it is possible to accurately reproduce chemistry using just a small subset of physical conditions, thanks to correlations between the local physical conditions in adopted protoplanetary disk models. We discuss the uncertainties and limitations of this method. Conclusions. The proposed method can be used for Bayesian fitting of the line emission data to retrieve disk properties from obser- vations. We present a pipeline for reproducing the same approach on other disk chemical model sets. molecular species and constraints calculation


The global average background dose for a human being is about 2.4 millisievert (mSv) per year. This exposure is produced mainly by cosmic radiation and radioactive materials that are naturally in the environment and are the reason why the level of natural radiation of the background varies from one zone to another in some areas and that this level is significantly higher than the average [3]. Such areas include Ramsar in Iran, Guarapari in Brazil, Kerala in India, the northern Flinders Ranges in Australia and Yangjiang in China. In order to know the background radiation in our country, and their possible impacts on living things continue along these lines, the present study was conducted environmental ionizing radiation measurements along routes linking Cuzco to Machu Picchu. In these locations 10 measurements were made at random locations away at least 6 meters of buildings to a meter from the ground with a Geiger-Muller detector Portable Gamma- Scout brand, calibrated (Fachhochschuler Mannheim) at equivalent doses (nSv / h). Calca area is the highest reading with 478 nano Sv / h, 470 followed by Ollantaytambo, Pisac high 440, 396 Poroy, Calca 388 Machupichu 343, 342 Pisac, Aguas Calientes 298 and others totaling from 29 localities.


Various type of detector, such as ionization chamber, has been used in small field radiotherapy dosimetry. There is a limitation in detector's dimension which can produce the volume averaging effect. Detector will average the measured dose because of fluence perturbation that happens in gas-filled cavity around detector's active volume. Purpose of this study is to calculate volume averaging correction factor of some detectors. Volume averaging correction factor can be calculated using MATLAB based algorithm. The result shows that detector with the lowest volume averaging correction factor is SFD diode detector with volume averaging correction factor value is 1,0086 in 4 cm x 4 cm field size. Whereas GD-302 has the largest volume averaging correction, 1,6083 in 0,8 cm x 0,8 cm field size. The larger size of detector, the greater volume averaging correction factor will be produced. Therefore, detector with small enough dimension is required in order to minimize the effect of volume averaging.


Video of vortex shedding in the wake of a Naca0009 hydrofoil made of polyoxymethylene type C (POM C). This video was submitted as part of the Gallery of Fluid Motion 2011 which is showcase of fluid dynamics videos.


On the basis of the researches on the technology of the face detection and recognition,an effective machine learning approach for face detection and recognition is proposed in this paper.This approach adopts Haar features AdaBoost Cascade classifier to detect face,makes use of eigenface based on PCA to recognize face.The experiment results show that this method can locate and track a subject's face quickly,and then recognize the person efficiently by comparing characteristics of the face to those of known individuals in the database.


Zn1–(3/2)x Crx O nanoparticles with different Cr3+ doping contents(i.e., 0, 2%, 5%, 8% and 10% in mole fraction) were synthesized with Zn(NO3)2·6H2O as Zn source and Cr(NO3)3·9H2O as Cr source materials by a microwave hydrothermal method. The phase, morphology and optical properties of the as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy and ultraviolet–visible(UV–Vis) spectroscopy, respectively. The results show that the XRD peaks of Zn1–(3/2)x Crx O nanoparticles shifted slightly toward the higher angle with the increase of Cr3+ doping content from 0% to 10%. The sheet-like Zn1–(3/2)x Crx O nanoparticles were found to transform from regular to irregular morphologies. The analysis by UV–Vis tests indicates that the Zn1–(3/2)x Crx O nanoparticles could have a high absorption in UV region and the optical band gap Eg decreases slightly. Accroding to the results by visible-light photocatalytic test, the Cr-doped ZnO has superior visible-light photocatalytic properties. The 5% Cr-doped ZnO has an optimal photocatalytic activity, and the degradation rate for Rhodamine B(RhB) is 96.4%.


Algorithms of positioning by navigational aids are widely used as an alternative to Global Navigation Satellite System on-board of large airplanes. Distance measuring equipment is a commonly used navigational aid for alternative positioning by a pair of measured ranges. Errors of range measuring are directly connected with airplane localization in airspace and have primary influence in airplane trajectory maintaining as well as ensuring the required level of air traffic safety. The impact of errors of on-board positioning system into aviation safety is represented in the paper. A mid-air collision category of aviation safety is assessed based on risk of airplane unintentional deviation from planned location due to influence of on-board positioning system errors. Represented approach is grounded on location of a bivariate probability density function at each airspace user location and estimation of a probability of getting two airspace users within the same safety region. Airplanes separation minimums are used as size of the safety region. Numerical demonstration is provided by live air traffic data shared by Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast message and received by Software Defined Radio within a part of Ukrainian airspace volume. Risks of mid-air collisions for each pair of airspace users are estimated.


Acoustical isolation in a shared space, e.g., a living room, could be naturally achieved if the users are located in different rooms or use headphones at the cost of limited social interaction between the people. A personal sound system aims to create sound zones that provide such acoustical isolation for different audio contents by using a set of loudspeakers. Generally, two different types of sound zones are considered: a bright zone and a dark zone. The bright (or listening) zone denotes an area in which the desired audio content is reproduced as faithfully as possible, or the acoustic potential energy is maximized. On the other hand, the dark (silent or quiet) zone indicates the area whose acoustic potential energy is minimized as much as possible. Tackling the problem of creating sound zones is usually done by either maximizing an acoustic contrast, i.e., the acoustic potential energy ratio between the bright and dark zones, or minimizing a reproduction error, i.e., the difference between the reproduced and desired sound fields. As traditional sound zone control methods optimize such physical quantities, the human auditory system, i.e., how we perceive sound, is not directly related to them. This thesis focuses on proposing a framework that generates sound zones in a perceptually optimized manner. A fundamental foundation based on a subspace method, i.e., a generalized eigenvalue decomposition (GEVD), is proposed to provide such a framework, which controls the trade-off between acoustic contrast and reproduction error by tuning user parameters. On top of it, the human auditory system is integrated into the framework first in a nonadaptive manner later in an adaptive manner. The proposed framework is compared with the well-known sound zone control methods and evaluated via performance metrics, including acoustic contrast and reproduction error; furthermore, formal listening tests are also conducted. Apart from this, we have investigated practical aspects to understand the proposed method better, e.g., the computational complexity and the performance analyses for the tuning parameters. The frequency domain approach is investigated to reduce computational complexity while pertaining similar performance to the time domain approach. Besides, another subspace-based method, i.e., the conjugate gradient (CG), is also proposed to reduce the computational complexity and provide fast convergence compared to the GEVD-based approach. Lastly, we investigated a variety of precise control strategies for the proposed frameworks.


Summary.

1
 In natural populations parthenogenetic egg production in Daphnia magna Straus is directly related to size.

2
 Previous workers have shown that the number of parthenogenetic eggs produced during the life of a female increases in the early broods and decreases in later broods.

3
 Egg production and size are positively correlated in the first adult instar, both under constant conditions and with varying food.

4
 The size of the young liberated varies with maternal age, the third brood consisting of young of a larger average size than earlier or later broods.

5
 The initial size of the young liberated influences the instar in which maturity is reached.

6
 The probable effects of maternal age on growth, maturation and longevity of the young are discussed.


Because the US is the leading exporter in agriculture, its domestic subsidies have caused huge controversy among World Trade Organization (WTO) members. We investigate the impact of US subsidization on its exports using panel data at the state level. The estimate from the modern gravity model shows that a 1% decrease in subsidy would reduce US exports by 0.13%. This means that removal of agricultural subsidy will lead to more than a $50 billion reduction in US export value per annum. Importantly, this effect is found when the endogeneity of subsidy policy is taken into account. In addition, the impact of subsidy is consistent and sensible when we closely look into the effect of different types of program payments and different farm bills. Furthermore, the substantial impact of subsidy on domestic production as a primary economic channel of the trade-distorting effect has been uncovered.


Inferior concha bullosa is an extremely rare anatomic malformation. Unlike other turbinates of the nasal cavity Inferior turbinate is a separate bone. Although inferior concha bullosa is generally asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally by computed tomography. Nasal obstruction, headache, epiphora, rhinorrhoea, and dysosmia are some of the possible symptoms. We report the case of a 37yearold white woman with right inferior concha bullosa and bilaterally inferior turbinate hypertropy. We discuss and report this rare condition under literature.


Abstract : As the United States brings its decade-long war against terrorism to an end, it is important that the lessons from this period are not relegated to a footnote of American history. Historically, the United States has tended to miscalculate and misunderstand its enemies particularly during the early phases of the struggle. This thesis focuses specifically on the policies and responses of the George W. Bush Administration and its War on Terror as a case study to explore this phenomenon holistically. First, it develops a conceptual framework that defines understanding; identifies public discourse, public opinion, and government policy as locales for the creation and observation of understanding; and then employs the theoretical concepts of groupthink, social identity, and cognitive closure theory to explain understanding shortfalls. Second, this thesis provides a detailed historical review of Osama bin Laden, al-Qaeda, and the Clinton Administrations counterterrorism policies. Third, it applies the conceptual framework to the case study to evaluate how well America understood al-Qaeda and if there were any impediments to its understanding. This thesis also touches on the question of the utility and possibility of greater understanding. In the final analysis, the findings support the conclusion that American understanding of al-Qaeda during the Bush Administration was ultimately thwarted for a variety of reasons. In spite of this fact, America has been largely successful in dismantling or crippling al-Qaeda. The thesis concludes with a review of the implications of misunderstanding at the strategic level and offers policy and decision- makers recommendations to avoid cognitive traps in the future.


Hydrophobins are native proteins with outstanding properties. Because of their special bifunctional molecular structure they can influence the wetting behavior of polymeric substrates. Here, the influence of thermally deposited hydrophobins on properties of various textile substrates is studied. The successful immobilization of hydrophobins can be demonstrated by a protein-selective color reaction with ninhydrin, which is positive even after a harsh washing and extraction procedure indicating the high permanence of the finishing process. Regarding the wetting properties, the modification of hydrophobic fabrics (demonstrated on polyethylene terephthalate) results in a significant hydrophilization, while hydrophilic textile substrates made of cotton and polyamide attain strong hydrophobic character. Moreover, the developed thermal deposition technique seems to be practical for use with coating technologies established in the textile industry and could be easily transferred to industrial praxis. Thus, non-toxic and biodegradable hydrophobins copied from nature could have great potential in textile surface modification.


In recent years, much has been written about motors on variable speed drives, high speed rigid shaft motors, the impact of API Standard 541, motor diagnostics, etc. Most of these papers and articles assume that the reader has significant knowledge of motor theory and operation. However, this assumption is overly optimistic, considering that only few colleges teach motor theory today, and that application experience at motor user locations has been reduced in recent years.


This review summarizes peer-reviewed literature from 2002 covering the analysis, occurrence, and fate of emerging contaminants in the environment. Several broad categories of emerging contaminants are included: pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), polybrominated diethyl ethers (PBDEs), disinfection byproducts (DBPs), and organometallic compounds. Improved analytical methods tools are yielding a better understanding of the distribution and reactions of these contaminants, but the potential long-term impacts are not yet clearly understood. Literature that may be of interest to environmental engineers and scientists is emphasized; biochemistry, toxicology, and medical literature are not included in this review. To assist with the many acronyms that are used in this review, Tables 1 and 2 summarize abbreviations for chemical species and analytical methods, respectively.


This paper analyzes some policy issues on rural credit against the backdrop of the International Monetary Fund (IMF)-World Bank directed market economic reform that the Indian agriculture witnessed during the 1990s. Two Committees appointed by the Government of India recommended for liberalization of the rural credit market. Following the recommendations, the share of priority sector and agriculture were slashed down. The main empirical part of this paper is based on a primary field survey conducted in two agro-ecological regions of West Bengal. The central hypothesis of the market reformers that there must be a negative association between default of credit and the ascending status of households, has not been approved by the survey findings. A big section of households are denied credit while the other sections of households voluntarily avoid banking habits. A greater proportion of the households are involved in the Integrated Rural Development Program (IRDP) loan that they think as a kind of dole, while comparatively a lower proportion of households are involved in crop loan. This is due to the dismal state of cooperative movement in West Bengal as well as at the all India level. Panchayat or local self-government is also partially responsible as they failed to inculcate banking habits among the poor people. This study reveals that poor people have themselves formed credit cooperatives, but this initiative is not integrated with any formal network.


The present invention relates to a motor vehicle (FZ1) communication system, comprising: a first image capture device (K1) toward the driver orientation (F) is arranged in a motor vehicle (FZ1); means for the first image acquisition image acquisition apparatus (K1) is determined depending on the monitored driver (BR) of a first analysis; means for determining the monitored viewing direction (BR) and motor vehicles (FZ1) windscreen ( W) the intersection (SP) of the device; and means for determining the point of intersection (SP) connected together for the mark (M) projected onto the windscreen (W) a projection device (P), wherein the marker ( M) comprises an intersection location (the SP); confirms that the mechanism (B) by the driver (F) operation; and a communications device (K), in the presence of communications device for confirmation means confirmation signal (B), the transmission signal monitored using the driver (F), depending on the marker (BR) in (M) indicated a receiver (FZ2).


In January, during the Learning and Technology World Forum in London (2010), Prime Minister Gordon Brown said that the UK could become a "global education superpower", with e-learning as one of its fastest-growing exports. Although it is apparent that the Government is fostering this mode of education the evidence of e-learning development at a local level is not always immediately visible and is would seem as if there is a long way to go y et before Brown's vision is realized (Tabata and Jonsrud, 2008). Although Universities encourage the growth of distance learning courses the development of staff skills, knowledge and IT devel opment is slow and can leave staff floundering and, potentially, place online courses at risk of f ailure (AACSB International, 2007). According to Bielefeidt (2002) university faculties do not alway s recognise the need for the staff developing these courses to have access to good and continual techni cal support. Additionally, if the lecturing staff w ho work with such programmes are not competent in the complexities of the programming, or the tools that the institution requires them to work with it, it will delay the growth of such courses and compromise recruitment and retention. It is only wh ile working with the students undertaking these courses can teaching staff truly understand how to develop and improve their course. This paper investigates our experiences of a variet y of commercial tools with the aim of enabling us t o identify those that will allow us to produce excell ent teaching and learning material for our students . Whilst preparing our distance learning programme the University had already introduced an authoring tool. They assured the teaching team that they woul d be able to use this effectively to produce qualit y learning material and, hence, enhance the distance learning programme. Unfortunately this was not the case. Even after training and basic skills had been learnt the tool proved to be more complicated than we had been lead to believe. Perhaps more importantly, student evaluation of the online material identified that the majority found the format and s tyling ' boring '. So, eventually, it was considered


Chain-folding (CF) patterns, successive CF number ⟨n⟩ , and fraction ⟨F⟩ of 13C CH3 15% labeled isotactic polypropylene (iPP) in melt-grown crystals at two crystallization temperatures (Tcs) of 100 and 150 °C were investigated using 13C–13C Double quantum (DQ) NMR and spin-dynamics simulation. The former provided the α1 packing structure while the latter lead to the α2-rich sample with an α2 fraction of ca. 57%. It was demonstrated that the iPP chains adopt small cluster structures consisting of 6–8 stems connected via adjacent re-entry as mean structures in both α1 and α2 phases. There was no kinetic effect on ⟨F⟩ and ⟨n⟩ values, while kinetics did influence the folding directions of the chains under the assumptions of configurational and packing constraints. It was concluded that the CF process occurs at the growth front and dominates the chain-packing process of iPP α phases in a wide Tc.


Putin sought to make a dent in resolving North Korea's nuclear crisis. In the process, Russia sought to cultivate its image as an honest broker, mediator, or facilitator. This article examines Russian policy on the second crisis over North Korea's nuclear issue. Specifically, the research raises the following questions and tries to answer them: What role has Russia played at the six-party talks? What is Russia's policy on North Korea's nuclear weapons program? What are Russia's contributions to the denuclearization of the Korean peninsula? With the convening of the six-party talks in 2003, Russia acquired the first opportunity to make its imprint on North Korea's nuclear issue. Russia facilitated dialogue and offered suggestions for compromise. Russia at the same time exerted a moderating influence on both the U.S. and North Korea, constantly urging them to return to the negotiating table whenever the talks stalled and patiently reminding them to take into consideration the other side's concerns and needs during negotiation. North Korea's denuclearization and peaceful resolution of North Korea's nuclear crisis coincide with Russia's interests. Russia's influence in the six-party talks has been indirect and marginal. The U.S. and the DPRK were the principal actors in this showdown and the DPRK as a host and mediator played a key role in inducing agreements.


Making the transition between plans and unexpected occurrences is something organizations are used to doing every day. However, not much is known about how actors cope with unanticipated events and how they accommodate them within predefined schedules. In this study, we draw on an inductive analysis of aspiring filmmakers' film sets to elaborate on how they plan their shooting activities every day, only to adjust them when unforeseen complications arise. We discover that film crews anchor their expectations for the day based on a planned shooting schedule, yet they incorporate a built-in assumption that it will inevitably be disrupted. We argue that they resort to triage processes and "troubleshooting protocols" that help decipher incoming problems. Familiar problems are solved by making use of experience obtained from past situations, whereas unprecedented problems are solved through a tacit protocol used as a tool to quickly devise an appropriate game plan. This study contributes to the literature on sense-making and provides valuable information about the unexplored world of filmmaking.


Objective: To study the evolution of coronary arterial lesions during the acute and subacute phases of Kawasaki disease by echocardiography. Method: The study was done retrospectively from 1st July 1994 to 30th June 2000. In our protocol, echocardiography is done for acute cases at presentation, on Day 14 (2 weeks), Day 28 (4 weeks) and Day 56 (8 weeks) of fever. Only cases that presented early, within 10 days of fever, were included. The echocardiographic findings throughout the first 8 weeks of the disease were reviewed to study the evolution of coronary arterial lesions. Those with positive coronary lesions were divided into 2 groups, one with early lesions detected at presentation and the other with lesions appearing at or after 2 weeks from the onset. Their demographics and clinical course were compared. Results: A total of 611 patients, mostly Chinese, aged 1.2 months to 15.4 years were identified. The majority of patients (90.2%) had received intravenous gammaglobulin (IVGG) within 10 days. Coronary arterial lesions in form of ectasia or aneurysms have been found in 112 patients (18.3%). Only 4.4% of patients had coronary lesions at presentation. Most new lesions (12.9%) were detected at 2-week echo follow-up. New lesions were rare after 4 weeks. Coronary lesions began to regress since 2 weeks from onset and continued to regress at similar rate (37-41%) at each 2-week follow-up. By the end of 8 weeks, 63.4% of all the lesions had regressed and only 6.9% of patients continued to have them. The group with early coronary arterial lesions had more male patients, required more doses of IVGG while the one with later lesions had more cases not requiring IVGG. However, their age distribution, duration of fever, frequency of atypical presentation and severity of coronary lesions were similar. These data may guide our future management plan.


Integrated approaches are needed to make cities resilient to flooding, while aligning with the complex functioning of cities. Central to this integrated thinking is the importance of interfaces and connections, i.e. interoperability, between existing (and new) infrastructure systems to store and transfer stormwater. Yet, it remains challenging to identify how and where connecting different technical solutions and existing infrastructure systems will contribute to flood resilience. There are a lack of approaches to systematically assess flood adaptation options from an interoperable perspective. Nevertheless, the increasing amount of spatial data on urban areas (often publically available) presents an unprecedented opportunity to consider urban areas holistically. The research question addressed in this study is how spatial data can be combined to inform decision-making in flood management at the systems-level. A spatial analysis framework is presented that aims to synthesize four aspects essential to system-oriented urban flood management: (i) flood hazard; (ii) intervention efficiency; (iii) opportunities for interoperability; and (iv) barriers to system-integration. By considering these aspects together, further development of the framework into an accessible mapping tool will facilitate engagement among researchers and flood management practitioners in integrating multiple infrastructure systems to increase urban


Ragi, jowar and cowpeas were analysed for lysine, threonine, sulphur amino acids
and tryptophan by microbiological assays and their chemical scores calculated according
to egg protein as well as FAO reference pattern (1973) for children. Ragi and jowar
were found to have chemical scores of 50 and 48 according to the former and 59 and 59
according to the latter. The corresponding values for cowpeas were 33 and 51. The
PER values of ragi and jowar proteins at 6% level were 1.29 and 2.05 respectively and
increased to 2.14 and 2.84 when the two proteins were mixed in the ratio of 3 : 1 and 1 : 1
respectively. The PER values of jowar and cowpea proteins fed at the 10% level were
1.09 and 2.18 respectively and increased to 1.79 and 2.16 when the proteins were mixed in
the ratio of 3 : 1 and 1 : 1. The results suggest no correlation between chemical score
and PER possibly because of methionine requirements being exaggerated according to either
pattern.


Throughout the 1960's and 1970's, oceanographers referred to the large-scale warming of the equatorial eastern and central Pacific as El Nino. This anomalous warming was later shown to be associated with anomalies in the upper ocean thermal structure throughout the equatorial Pacific Ocean. At about the same time, scientists realized that the Southern Oscillation was intimately related to the large-scale changes in the tropical Pacific Ocean. In brief, the Southern Oscillation represents the variability in the Indo-Pacific Walker circulation in the tropics, and is manifest as a displacement of the convection over the maritime continent, and is associated with large-scale anomalies in the surface wind and sea level pressure throughout the tropical Pacific (and into the Indian Ocean) basin.


The development of the phonology is constituted with two stages of Structral phonology and Generative phonology.This paper will compare their differences according to the phonetic analysis of the Mandarin.and take the er-hua yun for example.


The paper offers a methodology for determining, within a control instrument system, the gyrostabilized platform drift components non-linearly dependent on the overload, which makes it possible to remove the factor related to the use of the drifts non-linearly dependent on the overload as certified values, as well as estimations of these parameters obtained at the stage of autonomous checks of gyro packages, and, as a result, to improve the accuracy of drift components determination for the gyro packages.


Photoemission energy distribution curves are presented for adsorbed layers of O on W(110) and CO on W(100) surfaces. The electronic energy levels of adsorbed oxygen initially form a 2.0 eV-wide peak at −6.4 eV below the Fermi level which shifts to −6.0 eV and broadens to 2.8 eV with increasing coverage. Provision for simultaneous LEED, Auger spectroscopy, and flash desorption enable the structure and coverage of the adsorbed layers to be determined. β phase CO adsorbed in either the (1×1) or C(2×2) structures on W(100) produces a photoemission peak at −6.0 eV with a weaker peak at −3.5 eV. Adsorption of CO in the a phase gives rise to a 2.2 eV-wide peak at −8.9 eV which is identified as originating from levels essentially the same as those of molecular CO.


Identification followed by directionality measurement using reconstruction of tracks is very crucial for studying the reaction vertex kinematics. In the field of low-energy nuclear physics, Active-Target Time Projection Chambers (AT-TPCs) can be used to study the nuclear reaction kinematics through tracking of the reaction products which is important for cross-section measurement. Ions produced in primary ionization by any charged particle along their track in the active gas volume of TPC can be utilized for track reconstruction with position-sensitive electron collection system placed inside an electric field. The TPC gas volume acts as the tracker of the reaction products and the target for the reaction with the incoming projectile simultaneously which is advantageous to conventional detector arrays. In this context, the design of the electric field in the drift volume of the TPC is an important criterion for precise tracking as the tracking capability of the TPC is strongly governed by the homogeneity of the electric field. Due to the lesser mobility of positive ions produced in primary ionization, their accumulation in the drift volume can distort the local electric field. In low-energy nuclear physics, this effect may be substantial due to the significant amount of ionization produced by the low-energy projectile and reaction products. Here we report the spatial information of primary space charges produced by cosmic muon and alpha particle obtained with geant4 [1] and Heed [2] simulation packages. We have used photo absorption and ionization physics lists in geant4 for the simulation and compared the results with that of the Heed. The simulation results for the change in pressure of gas volume will be reported. These results can be used for finding the distortion of the electric field due to the space charge in the drift region of the TPC which can be helpful for designing an AT-TPC for low-energy nuclear reaction experiments.


Thank you very much for downloading bridging differences effective intergroup communication. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their chosen novels like this bridging differences effective intergroup communication, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some malicious bugs inside their desktop computer.


A common coil design concept for 2-in-1 superconducting accelerator magnets is presented. It practically eliminates the major problems in the ends of high field magnets built with either high temperature superconductors (HTS) or conventional superconductors. Racetrack coils, consisting of rectangular blocks built with either superconducting tapes or cables, are common to both apertures with each aperture containing one-half of each coil. The ends are easy to wind with the conductors experiencing little strain. The overall magnet design, construction and tooling are also expected to be simpler than in the conventional cosine theta magnets. The concept is also suitable for superferric and combined function magnet designs. A modular design for an HTS based R&D magnet is also presented.


The purpose of the article is to determine the scope of normative acts of international direction that regulate the professional activity of journalists; analysis of international legislation on the regulation of journalists' professional activity, determination of priority directions of international regulation of professional activity of journalists and other media participants. The methodological toolkit consists of general scientific and special scientific research methods, which are selected according to the purpose and task, object and subject of research. The methodological basis of the article is the general dialectical method of scientific knowledge of legal phenomena, namely, the regulation of the professional activity of journalists in accordance with international law. General scientific methods: historical, synthesis and analysis. Special methods of research are: comparative legal method and method of system analysis. The scientific novelty of the publication is that today there is an increasing tendency to restrict freedom of expression, impede the free movement of journalists, and ban access to information. There is a large number of calls for statements made against the professional work of a journalist for coverage of information of public interest; the norms which restrict the professional activity of the journalist and other media participants are incorrectly fixed at the legislative level. Conclusions. Analyzing international law, we can identify the most important areas of international regulation of journalists' professional activities, namely: protection and promotion of investigative journalism; protection of journalism and the safety of journalists and other media participants; protection of journalists under the conditions of conflict and pressure.


An inductor to improve current characteristics is provided to stably operate electronic apparatuses since an inductance generated in the inductor is constantly maintained by easily adjusting coupling by the user of a middle tap formed in a releasing core. An inductor to improve current characteristics includes a primary coil winding axis, a secondary coil winding axis, and a releasing core(20). A coil is wound to the releasing core. A ring core(10) is inserted into the releasing core. The coil is wound to the winding axes of the releasing core partitioned into two parts by round taps(21,22,23). Both end portions of coils(40,40') wound to the releasing core are exposed to the outside along an incised portion(11) formed on a peripheral surface of the ring core and are brazed to a static pin(30). When a current is applied to the coils wound to the primary and secondary coil winding axes, a magnetic field is generated in each coil.


Rationale: In many countries, the potential health impact of the increasing trend in the absolute and relative proportion of elderly people in the population is one central issue of demographic transition. This increased number of aged individuals can have several influences on a society. These influences have attracted considerable attention in recent years; they include a higher demand for health care, reduced tax revenues, and a reduced labor supply. Changes in demographic composition may also impact social health inequality; however, although this issue may have important implications for social health inequality measures, it has received less attention in the literature. Aim: Attempts to explain the channels through population aging might affect socioeconomic health inequality. The empirical aspects of this study involved examining the impact of aging on measures of inequalities of health-related quality of life in a fixed population followed over a 17-year period. Methods: We used three panel waves (1980/81, 1988/89, 1996/97) of around two decades covering 3,310 Swedish individuals. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) score or health state score as a measure of health were used to estimate the observed trend in health inequality, taking concentration index (CI) as a measure of health inequality. The decomposition procedure with the panel data fixed-effects model was used in an attempt to clarify the channels by which population aging affected health inequality over time. Results: Our results demonstrate that conventional unstandardized and age-gender-standardized CIs for health were positive in all three waves and increased as the cohorts became progressively older. Decomposition analyses indicated that health declined differently in different cohorts and also differently across income groups. A key finding is that through age-related income mobility, the relative income rankings reduction for the older cohort implies that the elderly people in lower health states tended to select to the poor group, which then drove the measured CIs upward. This may appear counterintuitive, since the main reason for changes in health over time is natural aging. This observation led us to carry out additional analyses of the observed health inequality, in which instead of current income we used the mean income (lifetime income) over time as the ranking variable and found that unstandardized CIs still increased, although not by as much as previously, and that the age-gender-standardized CIs were quite stable over time. Conclusion: It may appear that health system-relevant "avoidable inequalities" in health are rather constant in Sweden. The main reason for the observed increase in inequality based on current income ranking might be due to the fact that income is redistributed over the life cycle, and that old people in poor health are therefore selected into the poorer income groups. These results may also have implications for international comparisons of inequalities in health across countries, since countries with a system where old people's incomes are more heavily reduced after retirement may tend to have higher measured inequalities based on current income compared with countries with more moderate retirement income effects.


The early missionary medical colleges played important roles during the process of the modern medicine spreading in China.This paper gives an account of the history of the colleges and their training courses,including the Peking Union Medical College and the Hsiang-Ya Medical College.Many Chinese people funded these colleges and the medical missionaries in China at that time prepared the best textbooks and teaching facilities for the colleges.Very few colleges accepted English as their teaching language,but they achieved good results.In this early period of time,there were not great amount of graduates from these colleges,but the laboratories were sufficiently equipped and some teachers started their research activities in several colleges.These colleges represent a new era in the history of the modern medical education in China.


A new type of grouting material—FCM (fast cementing material)—is being used in coastal and offshore infrastructure projects, such as harbor and tunnel rehabilitation. In order to investigate how this material performs under different conditions, the compressive strength, failure mode, and surface microscopic changes of different fracture penetration degrees and different crack angles of grout-reinforced specimens formed by the FCM and sandstone were investigated in an acidic environment with pH = 1.1 and after freeze–thaw cycles of 5, 10, 20, and 30 times. In addition, through the preliminary determination of FCM grouting material fluidity and setting time, it was determined that the water-material ratio in this test is 0.3, and the sandstone used has good uniformity. The results show that the strength of the original rock can be matched or even exceeded by the solid grout of FCM and sandstone. Acidic environments and freeze–thaw cycles will erode the specimens, mainly on the surface of the specimens. The fracture penetration degree and crack angle determine the degree of strength reduction of the specimens. The compressive strength of the specimens decreases most rapidly within 10 freeze–thaw cycles. After soaking in acidic solution and a freeze–thaw cycle in an acidic environment, particle shedding occurs on the surface of the grout material and a "honeycomb" area appears on the surface of the sandstone. As the freeze–thaw cycle increases, the particle-shedding area and the honeycomb area increase continuously.


Glasgow is the prime British example of the industrial city, and this lavishly illustrated book traces its architectural and socio-economic history from its merchant origins, right through the nineteenth- and twentieth-century urban decline, and onwards to its present, much celebrated regeneration. This new edition offers the reader an insight to Glasgow at the Millennium, covering the most recent scholarship and opinion, and looking to the future of Glasgow in the coming century. Key Features * Published to coincide with Glasgow's year as City of Architecture and Design in 1999 * Every chapter has been updated to cover new developments and to look to the future of Glasgow in the twenty-first century * Includes a completely new chapter covering three sites crucial to the future forming of the city * Covers Glasgow's rich architectural history from the Medieval period to the present day, as well as looking forward to the next century


ABSTRACT Capnocytophaga species are known commensals of the oral cavity of humans and animals (mainly dogs and cats) and are a rare cause of respiratory tract infections. We report a case of cavitary lung abscess caused by a Capnocytophaga species in a patient with a metastatic neuroendocrine tumor.


Background: Abdominal muscles are the major expiratory muscle and play an important role in ventilation. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of respiratory muscles training with non-respiratory maneuver such as abdominal muscle training exercise on pulmonary functions in females. Objective: 1) To determine the effects of sit up exercise for 6 weeks on pulmonary functions in females. 2) To determine appropriate training intensity by comparing effects of sit up exercise for 6 weeks on pulmonary functions in females at different intensities. Methods: In this Experimental study 60 Subjects were randomly assigned to low (n=20), moderate (n=20), and high intensity (n=20) groups and they performed sit-up exercises 4 days a week for 6 weeks. The intensity for each group was set at 40% (low), 60% (moderate) and 80% (high) respectively as per the numbers of sit-ups they performed during 1-min sit-up test. Baseline and post-training measurements included pulmonary functions (Maximal Voluntary Ventilation, Forced Vital Capacity), Peak Expiratory Flow Rate and 1-minute sit-up test. Results: Significant differences were found in post-training pulmonary functions among the 3 groups. Maximal Voluntary Ventilation after training was found significantly high (p<0.05) in all 3 groups. Forced Vital Capacity & Peak Expiratory Flow Rate was significantly increased (p<0.05) in High group as compared to Low group but not significantly high as compared to moderate group. Conclusion: The non respiratory maneuver such as abdominal muscle training at moderate to high intensity not only improves abdominal muscle strength & endurance but also enhance the pulmonary functions through respiratory muscle training.


Two-photon generated color centers in the alkali halides are proposed as a picosecond pulsewidth measuring technique for the ultraviolet. Measurements in KBr using the XeCI laser show that the color-center density varies as I1.5and that intensities less than 10 MW/cm2are sufficient for color-center generation. Two-photon generated color-center gratings were produced by a UV interference pattern and were used to measure the diffusion distance of the electrons before becoming color centers. The measured diffusion distance of 25μ limits the minimum resolvable pulsewidth to about 0.25 ps.


Along with the development of economy and social vicissitude, the farmers' immigration into the cities as workers has broken the traditional binary social structure into the new triple structure,which makes the pension providing model for the rural aged face the stern challenge. In order to promote the rural economic development, to keep the social stability, to realize the virtuous circle of the whole national economy and sustainable development and the magnificent goal of comprehensively building a well-off society, it is necessary to construct a wide range of integrated providing model for the rural aged based on the objective requirement of the pension system for the rural aged.


Most of the experimental work on the mechanisms controlling flowering are reported for herbaceous annuals for which floral transition is under photoperiodic control. Experimentation with these species has emphasized the importance of the leaf system for the perception of the proper photoperiod and made clear that the leaf processes resulting in the synthesis of the flowering stimulus are a major control point of the floral transition (Zeevaart, 1976; Bernier, 1988). Several characteristics are specific to the floral transition of woody perennials. For most woody species of the temperate


Aerosol light absorption still remains a difficult quantity to measure at the precision, accuracy and temporal resolution necessary to quantitatively bound the contribution of this direct effect on aerosol radiative forcing. These continuing difficulties are due, in part, because aerosol extinction is dominated by light scattering. In response to these and other issues, the aerosol community has been developing a new generation of instrumentation that can measure aerosol absorption without the need to deposit aerosols on a filter. Here we introduce work on the application of photothermal interferometry (PTI) towards this measurement problem. The advantages of this approach are: its complete insensitivity to aerosol scattering (true for any photothermal technique) and high sensitivity resulting from use of an interferometric technique. Using NO2 as a calibration standard, the accuracy of the PTI technique was measured to be 5% (95% confidence interval). Measurement at a 10-second time constant yields a precision of 0.2 Mm−1 (95% confidence interval) and a lower limit of detection of 0.4 Mm−1 for a sample pathlength of 5 cm. Using laboratory-generated nigrosin aerosols an intercomparison between the PTI and a 3-λ Particle Soot Absorption Photometer (PSAP) gives a slope of 0.96 ± 0.02. Acquisition of absorption coefficients for ambient aerosols reveals very good agreement between the two instruments except for periods of high relative humidity (>70%) whereupon the PSAP reports a larger absorption coefficient.


Background: Research shows that the United States adult obesity rate is at the highest national rates ever recorded. These numbers have substantially increased since 2008. Obesity-related health conditions include heart disease, stroke, diabetes and certain types of cancer. This disease is preventable, and can be reversed if providers take action now. Research shows that obesity can be managed with diet, exercise and sometimes medications, but education needs to start at the primary care level. Objective: The objectives for this project were to increase provider knowledge and confidence in the evaluation and treatment of obesity utilizing the 5As behavioral model framework for obesity, which will help reduce obesity rates in our communities. Methods: This project was implemented at a Federally Qualified Healthcare Center (FQHC) serving a high-risk population for obesity due to local demographics. This FQHC serves a lower socioeconomic population, in addition to the racial and ethnic populations which are more prone to higher rates of obesity. The project consisted of a protocol put into place for the providers and interdisciplinary staff members. An educational session was held for the provider to educate on standard of care guidelines for obesity management as well as the 5As behavioral model framework for obesity. Both preand post-knowledge tests were given at this session. Preand post-intervention confidence surveys were also implemented. The interdisciplinary staff members also received an educational session for correct skill techniques for obtaining certain obesity measurements such as blood pressure, weight, height, BMI and waist circumference. A preand post-observational evaluation was also implemented within this educational session. The intervention and practice change protocol included having providers evaluate and address individual patient factors contributing to obesity in a 30 minute visit for patients with body mass index > 30 kg/m2. All 50 patient participants signed the informed consent forms. Results: It was observed that the intervention and protocol implemented did increase provider compliance by 84% shown from descriptive statistics analysis, while knowledge in the evaluation and management of obesity in the primary care clinic setting increased post-intervention by a mean difference of 8.43 based off a parametric t-test. The provider confidence levels both preand postwere broken into three different subscales based on agreeance, comfort and rate, and analyzed by either descriptive frequencies or reliability and item analysis based on the Cronbach's alpha using SPSS software. The post confidence mean differences reported were 8.85 in the comfort subscale and a mean difference of 6 in the rate subscale. Therefore, the post mean differences support increased confidence in weight management, while the agreeance subscale of three questions was individually analyzed due to low reliability. Conclusion: These results will help reduce obesity rates locally and globally by having patients evaluated and managed on their initial visits instead of waiting for a referral to a specialist for treatment. Together, providers can help change the obesity morbidity statistics by educating patients on long term health by working with their primary care providers for that ongoing needed support.


Single-link flexible-joint manipulator (FJM) is a kind of time-varying nonlinear system with underactuated characteristics. This paper takes the uncertain single-link FJM (USLFJM) as the object, and presents a novel robust control approach based on equivalent input disturbance (EID) method for motion control (i.e., position control and trajectory tracking control) of the USLFJM. Based on the uncertain dynamic model and desired target of this system, an error system is constructed. The error system is considered as a linear system with a nonlinear virtual disturbance. The motion control objective of the USLFJM can be realized by globally asymptotically stabilizing this linear system and compensating the influence of the nonlinear virtual disturbance. Then, an EID-based control system is designed to realize this control objective. Only position measurements are utilized in this paper, and the stability of the control system is proved. The simulation results are presented to illustrate the validity and the robustness of the proposed control method.