Conventional methods of cardiac output monitoring using pulmonary artery catheters may not be feasible in patients with congenital heart disease because of patients' small size or aberrant anatomy. We studied the accuracy of a new device, which uses pulse contour analysis to measure continuous cardiac output, in children and adults undergoing congenital heart surgery. Sixteen patients, median ages 7 yr old, were included in this prospective study. One-hundred-ninety-one data points were obtained in the pre- and postcardiopulmonary bypass periods and in the first 12 h after intensive care unit admission. We evaluated the relationship between cardiac index (CI) derived from transpulmonary thermodilution (TDCI) and CI derived from pulse contour analysis (PCCI). Bias and limits of agreement between TDCI and PCCI over all time periods were 0.1 ± 1.94, indicating a wide dispersion of the data. Coefficient of correlation (r) between the TDCI and PCCI was 0.7. Although in previous studies, PCCI has been suggested to be accurate in adult cardiac surgery, we found it to be less reliable in our study patients, even after shunt correction. The relationships of the volume and pressure based measures of preload, intrathoracic blood volume index (ITBI), and central venous pressure with CI were also investigated. After repair, correlation (r) between PCCI or TDCI and ITBI (0.56 and 0.71, respectively) was better than that between PCCI or TDCI and CVP (0.16 and 0.11, respectively), indicating greater validity of ITBI as a measure of preload.


Background: Sulfur mustard (SM) is a chemical warfare agent that can cause serious pulmonary complications. This study was designed to determine serum highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and evaluate its correlation with lung function parameters in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) due to SM poisoning. Methods: Fifty consecutive SM patients with stable COPD and a mean age 46.3 ± 9.18 years were enrolled in this cross sectional study. Thirty healthy men were selected as controls. Lung function parameters were evaluated. Serum hs-CRP by immunoturbidometry assay was measured in both the patients and controls. Results: In the case group, the mean forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was 2.14 ± 0.76 L (58.98% ± 17.51% predicted). The mean serum hs-CRP was 9.4 ± 6.78 SD and 3.9 ± 1.92 SD mg/L in the cases and controls, respectively, with significant statistical differences (p < .001). There was negative correlation between the serum hs-CRP and FEV1 levels (p = .01). The serum hs-CRP levels were also correlated with Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung disease (GOLD) stages (r = .45, p < .001). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the serum hs-CRP level is increased in SM patients with COPD and may have a direct correlation with disease severity. It may then be used as a marker for the severity of COPD in patients with SM poisoning.


We studied the population fluctuation of nymphs, adults, eggs and natural enemies of the spittlebug Zulia carbonaria(Lallemand) (Homoptera: Cercopidae) associated with Brachiaria dictyoneura pastures of the Cauca River Valley, Colombia. Our objective was to describe spittlebug phenology under seasonal conditions of bimodal precipitation (March-May and September-November). Weekly, over two years, populations of spittlebugs and certain natural enemies were quantified using a sweep net (adults) and counts of nymphs in spittle masses. To obtain eggs and study their development, adult females were collected weekly and placed in petri dishes with moist filter paper to oviposit. In both survey years 3-4 generations of Z. carbonaria were documented with a mean life cycle of 66 days. Populations were most abundant in the first semester and decreased dramatically over the course of the second semester, even in the rainy months (September-November). Very few diapausing eggs were detected (0.5%). Natural enemies included the nymph predator Salpingogaster nigra Schiner (Diptera: Syrphidae), parasitic mites of adults (Acari: Erythraeidae) and fungi of various genera. Although Z. carbonaria synchronizes its life cycle with the rains of the first semester, no role of diapausing eggs was detected as is common in other spittlebug species under conditions of unimodal precipation. Possible explanations for this synchrony and for the scarcity of the insect under the rainy conditions of the second semester are discussed.


We report on the realization of a frequency-tunable all-in-fiber liquid crystal cell with built in electrodes that is demonstrated to modulate light incident transverse to its axis.


Currently the banking industry has undergone major changes in recent years due to regulatory deregulation. Seeing this, in implementing it, banks must be managed more carefully, one of which is by maintaining it. Banking instability occurs because banks face too many risks. The purpose of this study is to examine how the influence of competition and profitability on banks in the Indonesian banking industry. The population used is commercial banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2019. A series of indicators from internal and external banks are also used in this study to support the research results, which consist of bank size, concentration, inflation, and GDP. That is, banking is measured using three risks, credit risk with NPL proxy, liquidity risk with LDR proxy, and insolvency risk with Z-score proxy. Using panel data analysis, the following results were found in the 2015-2019 research period, competition had a positive and insignificant effect on credit risk, competition had a negative and insignificant effect on liquidity risk and insolvency risk. Profitability has a negative and significant effect on credit risk and insolvency risk, and profitability has a positive and insignificant effect on liquidity risk.


Cellular Automata (CA) is a discrete dynamical system consists of an array of identically programmed automata, or cells, which interact with one another in a neighborhood relationship and have definite state. It can be used to show how the elements of a system interact with each other. It has a complex and varied behavior whose behavior is completely specified in terms of a local relation. Represented as a uniform grid, the time advances in discrete steps and the laws are expressed in a small lockup table through which at each step each cell computes its new state from that of its neighbors. With Data Mining deal with process of clustering and classification of large amounts of data and getting new knowledge from the data this paper introduce a new cellular automata classifier model. The practical experiments showed that our model run about twice times faster than the old model with high accuracy as we will see through this paper.


Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of Thymosin α1 in the treatment of malignant tumor.Methods 15 patients were treated with Thymosin α1(Treatment group)with doses of 1.6mg subcutaneous injection twice weekly,with a median course of 3.5 months.The number of Ag-NORs of peripheral blood T lymphocyte was used as a marker for monitoring immune activity.The number of Ag-NORs was detected in 15 cases of health controls,15 patients in Treatment group and 15 patients with malignant tumor without use of Thymosin α1(Non-treatment group).The dynamic variation of the number of Ag-NORs before and after administration of Thymosin α1 in Treatment group were evaluated.Results The number of Ag-NORs of peripheral blood T lymphocyte in health controls was higher than that in Treatment group and Non-treatment group(P0.01).No significant difference of the number of Ag-NORs between Treatment group and Non-treatment was found(P0.05).The number of Ag-NORs after administration of Thymosin α1 was higher than that before administration (P0.05).Conclusion Patients with malignant tumor show significant immunodeficiency compared with healthy controls and Thymosin α1 may play a role in regulating and enhancing cellular immune activity in patients with malignant tumor.


This paper proposes a systematic risk based transmission line expansion approach. This expansion method approach comprises of three stages. They are load-driven expansion, security enhancement expansion and risk-based expansion. The main objective of this approach is to minimize the investment cost of the newly added transmission lines by satisfying all the system constraints. In the first stage of transmission expansion the inadequacy problem is identified and it is to be corrected. In the second stage of transmission expansion it is necessary to correct insecurity problem. In the third stage of expansion all the post contingency line overload conditions are eliminated in order to reduce congestion. These three problems are addressed by using Benders decomposition algorithm. The proposed method is illustrated on four-bus and six-bus test system by using MATLAB Software.


In the field of ethnic relations researches in sociology,Everett C.Hughes is an important sociologist who is often neglected.This paper gives a brief introduction to some of his articles and expounds his theoretical contributions to the study of ethnic relation in sociology.


ABSTRACT Being the most abundant renewable source of energy, photovoltaic arrays (PVA) are extensively used for power generation. A number of factors influence performance of the PVAs, among which complete or partial shading of PVAs is perceived as a major concern for the researchers. Complete or partial shading reasonably reduces the output power of PVAs which subsequently leads to multiple maximum power points (MPPs) in the P-V curves. One of its major consequences is reverse power flow, conventionally blocking diodes (BD) based on different configuration are utilized to limit the adverse effects of reverse power flow. This paper proposes a novel scheme to improvise performance of the photovoltaic array configuration (PVAC) under-shaded condition, in which conventionally used BDs are replaced by blocking P-MOSFET (BP-MOS). A comparison study is carried out to determine performance of four different PVAC's such as series-parallel (SP), total-cross-tied (TCT), bridge-link (BL), and honey-comb (HC) employing BDs as well as BP-MOS. Simulations are accomplished on MATLAB/SIMULINK, in order to analyze practical implications of preferred the PVAC under various illumination conditions (such as horizontal, vertical, and diagonal). Obtained results reveal efficacy of the proposed configuration in terms of least power loss, increased fill factor, and thus maximum efficiency.


In lightning display with a light emitting element (3) driven by the control voltage, the voltage drop on the power supply line for supplying power to the two or more light emitting elements is compensated. For this purpose, using the current and the known resistance to one all the light emitting elements connected to the feed line (3), the potential profile of the feed line (20) is calculated. Control voltage to the light emitting element (3) is changed in consideration of the actual potential of the feed line for each element (3) (20). Thus, variations in the brightness of the lightning display resulting from the potential difference is prevented. One element of the lightning display (3), current control means (4), the signal holding means (6), the light emitting means (8), and, means for interrupting the flow of current emitting means (8) (12) have. Control voltage to be adjusted in a state in which current is interrupted, no potential difference is present on the feed line. Signal holding means (6) holds the control voltage potential on line at the respective positions of the light emitting element (3) as a reference. Lightning display has an adjustable voltage for the feeder line (20). Voltage is selected high enough to minimize the required voltage for setting a desired current through the light emitting element (3) is achieved.


We present new results concerning the problem of periodicity of continued fractions which are expansions of quadratic irrationalities in a field , where is a field of characteristic different from 2, , . Let be a square-free polynomial and suppose that the valuation of the field has two extensions and to the field . We set . A deep connection between the periodicity of continued fractions in the field and the existence of -units made it possible to make great advances in the study of periodic and quasiperiodic elements of the field , and also in problems connected with searching for fundamental -units. Using a new efficient algorithm to search for solutions of the norm equation in the field we manage to find examples of periodic continued fractions of elements of the form , which is a fairly rare phenomenon. For the case of an elliptic field , , we describe all square-free polynomials with a periodic expansion of into a continued fraction in the field . Bibliography: 16 titles.


The line has now (July 1969) been in operation for 4 mo. Ten of the Roma gas fields have been connected to the system, and gas has been supplied to Brisbane customers at rates well in excess of 20 MMcfd. There have been minor teething troubles as might be expected in a project of this magnitude--in the field, in the operation of the pipeline, in the startup of the fertilizer plant, and in the conversion of S. Brisbane's customers--but in general the whole project has gone into service in a very satisfactory manner.


A t the end of a three year programme designed to prepare them to vaccinate against and cope with the effects of smallpox and other infectious diseases, three young men, the first products of the predecessor of the Fiji School of Medicine (FSM) graduated in 1888 (Fig 1). In the previous five years around 40,000 Fijians, out of an estimated population of 150,000 people, had died as a result of a measles epidemic imported from Australia. Early graduates were educated and trained to deal with primary care, immunization and the promotion of a healthy physical environment. In response to the demand from Fiji and its Pacific Island neighbouring countries for better trained doctors who would also provide hospital-based care a series of curricular developments led to lengthening of the undergraduate medical programme to 4 and then 5 years in 1931 and 1952 respectively. Class sizes were small and there was close and personal tutelage from lecturers. The qualification from these programmes was a diploma. For the first time, in 1983, a 6-year MBBS degree programme was instituted. THE FIRST COUP


Introduction. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is one of the leading causes of sudden cardiac death in the young, and the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Herein, we aimed to...


The present paper is dedicated to one of the most essential elements of the English verbal intercourse structure engaged in forming such a communicative proposition as "request". There is an attempt taken to compare the examples of English and Russian discourse from the point of view of the situations of request.


This chapter utilizes the structure of life and valid inference to analyze the internal structure of Civil Society and the State as well as the relationship between the two institutional spheres. The chapter unpacks the passage from the Logic in which Hegel describes the State as a totality of inferences with the three terms of individuals, their needs, and the government. It is shown that the "system of needs" itself forms a quasi-living institutional system of estates centered on the division of labor. This system's inadequacy motivates the role of the "police" and corporation as ethical agencies, forms of the Good, within Civil Society. While the move to the State overcomes the individualism of "needs," the right of the individual remains in the dynamics of "settling one's own account" in receiving from the State a return on one's duty to the State. Hegel treats the State proper as a constitution consisting of three powers of government that form a totality of inferential relations that has the full structure of a living organism. The executive power is examined in detail as the particularizing element in the system.


Cancer and its treatments produce a myriad of burdensome side effects and significantly impair quality of life (QOL). Exercise reduces side effects and improves QOL for cancer patients during treatment and recovery. Exercise prior to, during, and after completion of cancer treatments provides numerous beneficial outcomes. Exercise represents an effective therapeutic intervention for preparing patients to successfully complete treatments, for reducing acute, chronic and late side effects, and for improving QOL during and after treatments. This overview of exercise oncology and side-effect management summarizes existing evidence-based exercise guidelines for cancer patients and survivors.


biodiversity between 2 physiognom and compos richness of and sugges reserve leve grouped i representat (PSK) and From the sa 17.71%, 80 recorded. In LTP site re species reco in PSK site spp.) and endemic. In natives and The species 3-18 ind ha site and 4-1


Patient: A 68-year-old male presented with the chief complaint of pain during chewing in the left molar region of his mandible where there was a partial denture. He underwent oral rehabilitation with a crown restoration and removal of the partial denture to treat disturbances in the occlusal plane in the case of non-vertical stop malocclusion. Discussion: When both a crown prosthesis and a prosthesis for missing teeth are to be used, occlusal registration needs to be performed twice: once during crown restoration and again during denture fabrication. In such cases, denture and occlusal stability can be achieved by performing occlusal registration in the same occlusal position of the maxilla and mandible. Conclusion: The combined use of a crown prosthesis and a prosthesis for missing teeth created for the oral cavity as a whole enabled oral rehabilitation that removed disturbances in the occlusal plane.


If G is the group of holomorphic automorphisms of a bounded symmetric domain, then G has a distinguished class of irreducible unitary representations called the holomorphic discrete series of G. These representations have been studied by Harish-Chandra in [7]. On the Lie algebra level, the Harish-Chandra modules corresponding to the holomorphic discrete series representations are highest weight modules. Even for G as above, it turns out that not all the unitary highest weight modules belong to the holomorphic discrete series but there exists a condition on the highest weight which characterizes the holomorphic discrete series among the unitary highest weight representations. They can be defined as those unitary highest weight representations with square integrable matrix coefficients.


Eleven species of resupinate basidiomycetes: LitsclUluerella abietis; Subulicystidium brachysporum, cochleum, longisporum, meridense, naviculatum, perlongisporum; Tubulicium dussii, vermicularis, vermiferum, rhaphidosporwn (Boid. & Gilles) Oberw., Kisimova& Gomez, comb.nov., ramonense Oberw., Kisi';!Ova & Gomez nov. sp. (Corticiaceae s.l.) arc reported from Cost a Rica. Al! the species are briefly described and illustrated. The term"podoradix" is coined to describe therootlike processesthat anchorthe cystidiato lhe substrate. It is cxpected thatfuture, intensivc fie1dwork on these fungi wiil rcvea! the existence of many more spccies in Costa Rica, particularly in elevations above 1 500 m.


1.1 Highlights Railways did not set out clear milestones or targets for the switch over from BSNL channels to their own OFC network. Even where the zonal railways had chalked out action plans, these were not adhered to and the progress of switch over was very slow. Railways continued to largely rely on hired BSNL channels with recurring expenditure towards hiring of the channels even though there were frequent and extensive failures of BSNL channels, disrupting the PRS services. There were also no service level agreements between the Railways and BSNL explicitly setting out the minimum guaranteed efficiency and penalties for failure and as a result the Railways did not have a structured redressal mechanism against BSNL. (Para 1.6.2) The PRS had design deficiencies necessitating manual interventions during program terminations and link failures. The Current Day Reservation System also posed problems and reservations to intermediate stations were not possible. The Coaching Refund System was not integrated with the PRS. (Para 1.6.3) General controls comprising system documentation, sound IT security practices, change management and structured disaster recovery policy were inadequate. There were deficiencies both in physical access and logical access controls. The total number of users with supervisory privileges was very high and booking clerks were also routinely assigned supervisory privileges, creating a risk of possible misuse of the powers associated with the privileges. The mechanism of change management was inefficient and policy changes were not incorporated in the system software in a timely manner. There was no structured disaster recovery policy and the maintenance and protection of infrastructure as well as the data was inadequate. Application controls were weak and a number of tickets were booked on fictitious details, indicating bogus/proxy booking in advance and thereby decreasing the availability of seats to genuine passengers.


The FTIR, SEM, DSC and thermogravimetry were used to characterize UV-curable epoxy acrylate/silica hybrid (EA-TMSPM)/SiO2 material. Experiments were carried out to study the effects of hydrochloric acid and TMSPM and inorganic content on the structure and properties of (EA-TMSPM)/SiO2 hybrid materials. The results indicate that the SiO2 particle size of (EA-TMSPM)/SiO2 system became smaller with organic component added. The abrasion resistance of the hybrid materials was also improved with the increasing of HC1 and inorganic content.


This draft attempts to document various aspects of the IP service
model and how it has evolved over time. In particular, it attempts to
document the properties of the IP layer as they are seen by upper-
layer protocols and applications, and especially properties which were
(and at times still are) incorrectly perceived to exist, as well as
properties that would cause problems if changed. Finally, it provides
some guidance to protocol designers and implementers.


We present preliminary experimental evidence that two lasers irradiating a deuterated Pd cathode at a single spot can induce significant thermal changes larger than that expected from laser heating alone. We also report that this effect is observed only when the lasers are tuned to a beat frequency around 8 THz, 15 THz, and 20 THz. These experiments support the notion that optical phonon modes may be involved in the excess heat process.


Local groups who want to improve their environment can get a helping hand to get their ideas off the ground.


In order to study the instability and load transfer mechanism among multiple parallel pillars during underground mining, compressive tests on single- and treble-pillar specimens were conducted under soft loading condition with adjustable stiffness. Disc spring group was used to realize the adjustable stiffness of the test machine. Experimental results showed that the instability of rock specimen was determined by the stiffness of test machine, where the sudden jump displacement Δd exponentially decreases with the increase of loading stiffness. The load transfer behavior of treble-pillar specimen could only be reproduced under this soft loading condition. Under the soft loading condition, the failure of single pillar in multi-pillar system induces the sudden increase of cumulative AE counts not only in itself, but also in adjacent pillars, which indicates the accelerated damage in adjacent pillars accelerated by load transfer effect. Finally, it was concluded that the soft loading condition was the necessary condition for the load transfer of multi-pillar system. Results of this study may contribute to the better understanding of load transfer mechanism and to optimizing the design of room-and-pillar stopes during underground mining.


This protocol can be used to clone the guide RNA and Homologous Repair Template into the pSL2680 plasmid which was a gift from Himadri Pakrasi (Addgene plasmid # 85581 ; http://n2t.net/addgene:85581 ; RRID:Addgene_85581).


Participation in youth sports is widespread throughout the United States. Shoulder injuries can be burdensome for a young athlete, particularly in overhead sports. This article is a review of the current literature regarding shoulder injuries in athletes, with a focus on the youth.


Collision avoidance is one of the high-level safety objectives and requires a complete and
reliable description of maritime traffic situation. A combined use of data provided by inde-
pendent data sources is an approach to improve the accuracy and integrity of traffic related-
information. In this paper the performance of a radar image processing technique is studied.
To this purpose the acquisition of real-time radar images is simulated from previously defined
on-board maritime scenarios. This allows the estimation of the performance of tracking algo-
rithms based on the recursive Bayesian filtering approach as the solution for the dynamic state
estimation. The predicted state is compared with the known position and velocity configured
in the simulation. The presented results from these simulations outline the performance of the
used filter algorithm. The work of this paper is integrated in the research and development
activities of DLR Institute of Communications and Navigation dealing with the introduction of
data and system integrity into the maritime traffic system. One of the aimed objectives is the
automatic assessment of the traffic situation aboard a vessel including integrity information.


Two recent studies sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) have examined the impacts of integrating high penetrations of wind and solar energy on the Eastern and Western electric grids. The Eastern Wind Integration and Transmission Study (EWITS), initiated in 2007, examined the impact on power system operations of reaching 20% to 30% wind energy penetration in the Eastern Interconnection. The Western Wind and Solar Integration Study (WWSIS) examined the operational implications of adding up to 35% wind and solar energy penetration to the Western Interconnect. Both studies examined the costs of integrating variable renewable energy generation into the grid and transmission and operational changes that might be necessary to address higher penetrations of wind or solar generation. This paper identifies key insights from these regional studies for integrating high penetrations of renewables in the U.S. electric grid. The studies share a number of key findings, although in some instances the results vary due to differences in grid operations and markets, the geographic location of the renewables, and the need for transmission.


The predation ecology of the striped lynx spider, Oxyopes salticus Hentz, and green lynx spider, Peucetia viridans (Hentz), was studied during 108 h of visual observation in an insecticide-free cotton field in central Texas. Evidence obtained during this study indicates that lynx spiders were the dominant arthropod predators (among 134 cases of arthropod predation observed, 94 were attributable to lynx spiders). P. viridans is a powerful species (10.08 ± 0.52 mm [mean ± SEM] body length) compared with the significantly smaller O. salticus (4.24 ± 0.16 mm). The O. salticus individuals fed on small-sized prey (2.41 ± 0.17 mm average prey length). In contrast, the P. viridans individuals fed over a broader range of prey size classes and captured a higher proportion of the larger prey organisms (7.04 ± 0.73 mm average prey length). However, the smallest P. viridans (≤ mm spider length) and the largest O. salticus (≥4.5 mm spider length) selected prey of similar average length (=3 mm). The lynx spiders are polyphagous insectivores that feed on a variety of prey species predominantly in the insect orders Heteroptera, Hymenoptera, and Diptera. They also frequently eat other spiders. The most frequently captured prey of O. salticus were small Heteroptera (predominantly cotton Aeahopper, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus [Reuter]), whereas P. viridans most frequently seized large stinging Hymenoptera (e.g., honey bee, Apis mellifera L.). The degree of the feeding specialization of the two spider species was mathematically assessed (niche breadth coefficients) and statistically compared; computed coefficients indicate that P. viridans is a significantly more polyphagous predator than the smaller-sized O. salticus . O. salticus , therefore, shows a better fit to the "model predator" of classical biological control because of its relative specialization.


A method and system for testing a compressor are described. To perform a similitude test, a substitute for HFC-134a is selected. The substitute test gas is used, either in purity or in a mixture with other gases, to test the compressor in accordance with ASME PTC-10 tests. The substitute test gas can, for example, have a molecular weight between 40g/gmol and 150 g/gmol, a global warming potential (GWP) of less than 700, and a gas specific heat ratio of between 1 and 1.5, one of another set of predetermined characteristics, or can be selected from a group including of HFC-245ca (also known as R-245 or by its chemical name 1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropentane), HFO-1234yf (also known by its chemical name 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoroprop-1-ene), HFO-1234ZE (also known by its chemical name trans-1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoroprop-1-ene) and DR-11.


Black-Scholes (BS) equation is a popular mathematical model for determining the value of option in financial derivatives. To predict the option value during the contract of the option is a big problem. Several studies have been shown that the option price value can be determined by applying different methods. In this paper, we have discussed three finite difference methods: Explicit, Implicit and Crank-Nicolson for solving Black-Scholes equation for European call option and compared the obtained results with the exact value. It is found that the Crank-Nicolson method is more accurate and cost effective in comparison with explicit and implicit methods.


Letters are not peer-reviewed, unless stated

Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) is an important threat to the equine industry worldwide. EHV-1 infection can induce respiratory disease, abortion in mares, neonatal death of foals and myeloencephalopathy (EHM). The reasons for the development of different forms of the disease remain largely unknown, but are likely to involve factors such as virus pathogenicity, environmental conditions, host immunity and genetic background.

A potential explanation was reported which identified that different ORF30 (DNA polymerase subunit) genotypes were significantly associated with different forms of disease.1 Subsequently, EHV-1 strains were often generally categorised as …


The loss of the essence of an educator's qudwah al-hasanah is one of the causes of personal damage and behavior of a child, even though the Prophet has taught his followers related to the best of role model. Islamic education has an important role in advancing civilization. One of the methods applied in Islamic education is by qudwah al-hasanah because is a basic method of educating and a child learns by sees and imitates. Seeing this, the method of accuracy is considered very important to be reviewed in the al-Qur'an surah al-Ahzab verse 21 which discusses the method of Islamic education with accuracy as taught by the Prophet. The purpose of this research is 1) To find out the tafsir of al-Ahzab verse 21 according to the commentary of Al Munir Dr. Wahbah Az-Az-Zuhaili. 2) To know the method of Islamic education with qudwah al-hasanah contained in surah al-Ahzab verse 21. This type of discussion is literature research or library research where researchers get data from reading books that are relevant to the titles and written documentation obtained from library books. Particularly with regard to the tafsir of the text of the Al-Qur'an Surah al-Ahzab verse 21 through an analytical approach with a descriptive-qualitative method. Then processed according to the ability of the author. The writing of this journal discusses the method of Islamic education with qudwah al-hasanah in surah al-Ahzab verse 21 according to Tafsir Al-Munir. Dr. Wahbah Az-Az-Zuhaili 1) The tafsir of surah al-Ahzab verse 21 according to the Tafsir of Al-Munir explains that the Messenger of Allah is the best role model for mankind and should emulate the Prophet in his words, deeds and in various circumstances. Especially in terms of courage, courage to go forward, struggle and patience, and encouragement to always remember Allah and hope in Allah. 2) The method of education using qudwah al-hasanah taught by the Prophet in Surah al-ahzab 21 includes courage, courage to go forward, patience and struggle. This is the description of the discussion of Islamic education methods with qudwah-al hasanah contained in the Al-Ahzab verse 21 (Study of Tafsir Al-Munir of Dr. Wahbah Az-Az-Zuhaili). It is hoped that educators and teachers to educate children with the qudwah al-hasanah method, so that they can become the best examples in words, deeds, and under any circumstances. The author acknowledges that this discussion still has many shortcomings, so the author hopes all readers and subsequent discussants to complete the deficiencies in this discussion so that it becomes perfect and provides benefits.


Objective To evaluate the preemptive analgesia effects of lornoxicam in the patients undergoing the abdominal minimally invasive operation.Methods We randomly divided 60 patients with ASAⅠ-Ⅱscheduled for the abdominal minimally invasive operation into the study group(n=30) and the control group(n=30).The patients in the study group were administrated with 16 mg lornoxicam(in 5 ml solution) intravenously before skin incision,while the patients in the control group were administrated with 5 ml 0.9 % NS.The analgetic effect was measured with VAS after the operation within 24 h.Results The scale of VAS at 1-8 hours after the operation in the study group and control group were 0.110±0.040 vs 3.240±0.070,0.160±0.029 Vs 6.220±1.810(P0.05).There was no significant difference(0.020±0.010 vs 0.120±0.026,P0.05) at 24 hours after the operation.Conclusion Administrated by intravenous with 16 mg lornoxicam can produce favorably preemptive analgesia in the patients undergoing the abdominal minimally invasive operation.


Objective To study the changes of intrahepatic shunt flow(IHSF) and functional hepatic blood flow(FHBF) after liver ischemia reperfusion in rats.Methods 12 healthy male SD rats were anaesthetized and heparinised.The right carotid artery,jugular vein and two distal ileocolic veins were cannulated for blood(transfusion),volume compensation,drug infusion,and blood sampling respectively.Rats were randomly divided into 2 groups.Group 1 was the sham operation control group.Group 2 rats was ischmic/reperfusion(I/R) group,subjecting to 45min liver lobar ischemia and 60min reperfusion.Both groups received infusion of(D-sorbitol)(10mmol/l,0.2mL/min) via portal venous,and blood samples(1mL) were drawn simultaneously from the carotid,portal venous,and hepatic venous catheters.Portal venous flow(PVF) and hepatic arterial flow(HAF) were measured via flow probes.Hepatic sorbitol uptake rate,FHBF and IHSF were calculated.Results There were no significant differences between the two groups in PVF,HAF and total hepatic blood flow((THBF)).Compared to control group,hepatic sorbitol uptake rate as well as FHBF were decreased and IHSF was increased in I/R group(P0.01).Conclusions After liver ischemia reperfusion in rats,intrahepatic portal systemic shunts were opened and FHBF was reduced.


In the fall of 1987, the Soviet Union had become the most interesting country in the world. What is happening there is nothing less than a gigantic experiment, now only in its infancy. The massive changes initiated in the Soviet Union call to mind Robespierre's observation that one week in the life of a revolution may produce more significant events'than an entire year of normalcy. But to change the Soviet system, the new course initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev needs far more than a single year. It will require at least a decade. In one of the world's most secretive countries, there is now official talk of openness. In a society that has known not a single day of genuine democracy, the leadership preaches democratization and grass roots participation in the institutions of governance. A state that has put an extraordinary premium on stability and conformity is shifting toward innovation and individuality. Today, authorities promote clashing views where once a single truth was proclaimed the only truth. While continuing to emphasize patriotism, the authorities no longer equate it with a cult -of the military. They are retreating from the idea of a "perfect society," from the goal of a secular utopia that they invoked in the past to justify the shortcomings of Communist rule. They are now beginning to recognize the errors of the past in order to avoid perpetuating or repeating them. In this sense, the new mood reflects


Pipe racks are important part of Industrial Structures such as oil refineries, petrochemical sector, as they are used to support piping systems that transports fluids from one place to the other. The aim of this study is to carry out Linear Dynamic Analysis of Ethanol gas plant pipe rack considering coupled and decoupled case (for both pipe empty and operating conditions), using ANSYS and validating with Staad Pro. While analyzing pipe rack generally, the point masses calculated due to the weight of piping system and fluid are applied on the pipe rack structure, which usually satisfies the seismic mass criteria, but the stiffness added due to piping system and their supports are been neglected. The effect on seismic demand of Pipe rack, due to additional masses and stiffness of piping system have been checked. It is observed that in coupled case the modal frequencies of the structure is higher due to additional pipe stiffness, but at the same time base shear values are lower as compared to decoupled case, which can further direct towards the change in response reduction factor (R) for both the cases which may eventually result in reduced base shear values.


The presentation will summarize and discuss values of field measured normalized impact sound pressure level L'n,w measured sideways with different configurations of concrete slabs on ground within buildings. All results are adjusted to receiving room volume of 100 m3 and with thickness
 of concrete slab 80-100 mm. Measurement on continuous concrete slab on expanded polystyrene gives L'n,w between adjoining rooms of 74 dB. Different principles of splitting have been investigated to evaluate the effect on L'n,w. The configuration where only the concrete slab is split (and with
 a plastic film between the concrete base and the upper layer of expanded polystyrene), gives L'n,w of approximately 66 dB which is 8 dB lower than for a continuous bare concrete slab. When both the concrete slab and the upper layer of expanded polystyrene are split, measurements show L'n,w
 of 58-61 dB for the case of no flooring, which is 13-16 dB lower than for a continuous concrete slab (no split). When both concrete slab and all layers of polystyrene are split down to continuous foundation measurements show L'n,w of 55 dB. The situation with concrete slab and all layers of
 polystyrene split and with no foundation beneath gives L'n,w of 46 dB. Consequences for airborne sound and R'w will be discussed as well for the above mentioned configurations.


Objective:To investigate the prevalence of HBsAg in the first-year students between 2007 and 2009 for the evidence of prevention and control of hepatitis B.Methods:Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to examine the hepatic function series in 7895 freshmen enrolled in from 2007 to 2009 in certain higher institution,in which 3691 were male students and 4204,female ones.Results:Positive HBsAg was found in 270 of the 7895(3.4%).Male students accounted for 4.1% and female,2.5% of the positive results,which was different in statistics(χ2=16.718,P0.01).The positive rate between 2007 and 2009 was 2.5%,3.7% and 3.9%,respectively,tending to climb year by year(χ2trend=6.633,P0.05),and yet,the positive rates showed no significant difference concerning the territory of the freshman students,with 2.8% for the subjects from cities and 3.6%,rural villages(χ2=2.761,P0.05).Conclusion:The positive HBsAg appeared under the level of national prevalence.Regular physical examination and administration of hepatitis B vaccine can be helpful in early prevention and control of the disease spreading in campus.


We recently reported that 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (5HMF), a 5-membered heterocyclic aldehyde, had a potent anti-sickling effect in both in vitro tests and in vivo studies using transgenic (Tg) sickle mice. 5HMF is quickly absorbed and covalently binds with sickle hemoglobin (Hb S) to form a high-affinity reversible Schiff-base adduct. Although 5HMF is readily bioavailable after oral administration to Tg sickle mice, preliminary pharmacokinetic data suggest that its terminal half-life (T1/2 = 1.5 ± 0.6 hr) may be too short to exert a sustained anti-sickling effect in vivo for a sufficient length of time. We also determined that although 100mg/kg inhibited sickling and prevented the development of pulmonary sequestration in Tg sickle mice exposed to severe hypoxic conditions, high levels of modified Hb in the blood were sustained for only about 4hrs. Since a significant anti-sickling effect is observed by modifying 50% of Hb S molecules, a reduction in dosage combined with less frequent intake seems to be a more attractive and acceptable option. Based on this, we designed a slow-release prodrug of 5HMF by protecting the aldehyde group with L-cysteine to form the thiazolidine complex (MSDD1), expecting that the prodrug would slowly release active 5HMF into the bloodstream over a longer period of time, resulting in a longer half-life for 5HMF. To compare the pharmacokinetic profiles of these two compounds, 2 groups of Tg sickle mice (6 mice per group) were treated orally with a single 100 mg/kg dose of either 5HMF or its slow-release form, MSDD1. Blood samples (~20 μl each) were collected via retro-orbital venipuncture under anesthesia into EDTA tubes at 20 min, 40 min, 1 hr and every hour afterwards for 7 hours. Plasma from each sample was deproteinized, 10 μl of each sample was diluted 20-fold and analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC for quantification of 5HMF present in the blood. A non-compartmental pharmacokinetic model with first-order elimination rate was used to determine the plasma concentration-time data. The area under the plasma concentration curve (AUC), terminal half-life (T1/2 ), peak concentration time (Tmax), maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), and the mean resident time (MRT) were determined using PK Solutions 2.0 software (SUMMIT Research Services, Montrose, CO, USA). The AUC of the group that received MSDD1 did not significantly differ from the AUC of those that received 5HMF (430 ± 32 μg/ml/min vs. 410 ± 24 μg/ml/min). However, in the group that received MSDD1, both the T1/2 and Tmax increased 2-fold (2.9 ± 0.32 hr vs. 1.5 ± 0.6 hr, and 1hr vs. 0.5 hr, respectively). The MRT also increased from 2.3 ± 0.0.16 hr in the 5HMF-treated group to 5.8 ± 0.26 hr in the MSDD1-treated group, although the Cmax was reduced almost 3-fold in the MSDD1-treated mice at 70 ± 12 μg/ml, compared to 180.7 ± 32.6 μg/ml in 5HMF-treated mice We conclude that MSDD1, a slow-release prodrug of 5HMF seems to provide the possibility of administering a single oral daily dose, and may be a suitable treatment option for sickle cell disease patients in the future.


It provides a method and apparatus that supports carrier aggregation group in a wireless communication system supporting multiple carriers. The wireless device one or more receiving the RRC setup signal including the serving cell from the macro cell, and one or more receiving the RRC setup signal including the serving cell from a small cell, and at least two or more carriers based on each of the RRC setup signal set the aggregation group. And the present invention includes a cell planning for multi-element carrier is more accurately and efficiently.


In this research paper, a novel methodology is proposed that acts as a complete aid for blinds. It is embedded with wearable devices like normal glasses. The proposed methodology is artificial intelligence (AI) enabled to help visually impaired people make their daily routine easy. It has all kinds of basic features and functionalities, like a text reader, image captures, and storage of information, video recording, voice recording, and voice command to text converter, location identification, and report generation. To add novelty, we are putting additional features like a built-in voice assistance and sensors embedded in the glass itself. When a user wants to surf for something on the internet, he can easily access the internet through AI without a system. AI will search for results for the user and dictate the results it finds directly to their ears. Another new feature is the ultrasonic sensors, which can alarm the user when they accurately detect any blockage in the path. Crossing the road and walking on the street will be much easier with AI smart glasses.


Abstract Cyclocopolymerizations of 5,6-benzo-l,2:9,10-diepoxy-4,7-dioxa-deca-5-ene (BDD) and monoepoxy comonomers, propylene oxide (PO), epichlorohydrin (ECH), and phenyl glycidyl ether (PGE), were carried out with SnCl4 to form gel-free copolymers with no residual epoxy groups. The copolymerization parameters were r, = 1.09 and r2 = 0.86 for BDD (M1)-PGE (M2). In addition, 5, 6:14,15-dibenzo-l,2:18,19-diepoxy-4,7,-10,13,16-pentaoxanonadeca-5,14-diene (DDP) with PO, ECH, or PGE were copolymerized with SnCl4 in CH2C12 and with KOH in DMSO to form copolymers with dibenzo-19-crown-6 units. Poly[(dibenzo-19-crown-6)-co-PO] and poly[(dibenzo-19-crown-6)-co-PGE] showed lower extracting yields for alkali-metal picrates than did the homopolymer of DDP, poly(dibenzo-19-crown-6). However, poly[(dibenzo-19-crown-6)-co-PGE] exhibited a higher selectivity for K+ than did the other polymers.


During the development of this paper we are going to treat some didactic materials. They can be useful to help the first and second grade students understand and achieve the abstraction of the concept of subtraction and addition. We set some objectives the method should verify and after analyzing the available materials we decide to carry out in a mechanism based


TWO new species oforibi second species was obtained from mosses on trees in Cholomu Forest (10 km to the south from Ginchi city). Plasmobates foveolatus sp. n. belongs to the species group of Plasmobates with foveolate notogaster and sensilli slightly dilated distally, shorter than or equal to the distance between interlamellar setae. New species is most similar to Plasmobates pagoda, but the latter has smaller body length and sensillus with large swelling. Arcoppia arborea sp. n. belongs to the Arcoppia species group with sensilli having a single branch. The new species is distinguishable from the other species in this group by the presence of following combination of character states: large body size; rostral seta strongly curved in media-distal part; lamellar seta well developed, equidistant from rostral and interlamellar setae; interlamellar seta long (hardly shorter than sensillus); sensillar branch shorter than sensillar stalk; notogastral setae long, little differing in length, except c short and/?1~~/?3 slightly shorter than the other; adanal setae adx in paraanal position.


Data center is the basic facility of Internet and cloud computing. Since network resource is critical resource in data center thorough study and analysis of its management, which can help to improve data center's performance, save costs and expenses, and is of great significance. However, as the structure characteristic and application mode are profound changing, it brings tremendous challenges to modern data center network resource management. Currently, lots of studies have been made in this field. In order to have an overall perspective of current research, some of the most important aspects were summarized and analyzed, which are automatic address configuration, congestion control, network traffic management and virtualization management. They are also the hotspots in current academe. Based on the comprehensive comparison and analysis, some trends of the future data center network resource management were pointed out in the end.


These instructions are formulated for presenting the template used for editing the articles for the scientific journal Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braov. The material presents the camera ready form of the articles. The abstract should synthetically outline all the pertinent results, in a short but intelligible form. The abstract should begin through clearly stating the purpose of the paper and should end by formulating the most important conclusions. There will be used short, direct and complete sentences, written in a single paragraph, without "tab"-s. The abstract will have 7...10 lines.


The last few years have seen a huge growth in the capabilities and applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and autonomous systems. Hardly a day goes by without news about technological advances and the societal impact of the use of AI. AI is changing the way we work, live and solve challenges. For example, it can improve healthcare, protect elephants from poachers, and work out how broadband should be distributed.


Recently there has been considerable interest in incorporating timing effects of micro architectural features of processors (e.g. caches and pipelines) into the schedulability analysis of tasks running on them. Following this line of work, in this paper the authors show how to account for the effects of cache-related preemption delay (CRPD) in the standard schedulability tests for dynamic priority schedulers like EDF. Even if the memory space of tasks is disjoint, their memory blocks usually map into a shared cache. As a result, task preemption may introduce additional cache misses which are encountered when the preempted task resumes execution; the delay due to these additional misses is called CRPD. Previous work on accounting for CRPD was restricted to only static priority schedulers and periodic task models. Our work extends these results to dynamic priority schedulers and more general task models (e.g. sporadic, generalized multiframe and recurring real-time). The authors show that the schedulability tests are useful through extensive experiments using synthetic task sets, as well as through a detailed case study


Parents who experience psychosis experience challenges in addition to those associated with being a parent. Their children are at risk for a range of negative outcome. Family interventions for psychosis have been found to be helpful in mitigating some of these outcomes and have a strong evidence base. Systemic literature has provided a raft of techniques to facilitate the inclusion of children in family therapy, though these are largely absent from the literature on family interventions for psychosis.

This study used a three- round Delphi survey to investigate what is considered best practice when deciding whether, and how, to include children in their parents' family intervention for psychosis amongst a group of experts.

Findings demonstrated support for including children and suggested methods of facilitating their involvement in assessment, areas that should be attended to in sessions, adaptations that should be made, and organisational factors that support their inclusion. Their responses suggested that adult mental health services were well placed to meet some of the needs of these children. Consideration is given to items which did not have consensus and the clinical and research implications are described.


We systematically investigate the properties of perfluoropolyethers with different weights and chain-end functionalities, which are used as lubricants in hard disk drive systems. The temperature dependence of the viscosity yields an Arrhenius form; the activation energy and hydrodynamic volume are determined for different molecular weights. The activation energy depends on both end group functionality and molecular weight. Also, modified Cole-Cole plots for storage modulus vs. loss modulus reveal the presence of microstructures due to the interaction of polymer chain-end groups in the bulk. The viscosity-molecular weight relationship exhibits a remarkable crossover behaviour at a critical molecular weight (M/sub c/) for ZdolTX (Zdol with C/O end group ratio of 1.7). Fly stiction (tribology) data also exhibit an M/sub c/ and an excellent correlation with viscosity (rheology) is obtained.


Meta-analysis is essential for cumulative science, but its validity is compromised by publication bias. In order to mitigate the impact of publication bias, one may apply selection models, which estimate the degree to which non-significant studies are suppressed. Implemented in JASP, these methods allow researchers without programming experience to conduct state-of-the-art publication bias adjusted meta-analysis. In this tutorial, we demonstrate how to conduct a publication bias adjusted meta-analysis in JASP and interpret the results. First, we explain how frequentist selection models correct for publication bias. Second, we introduce Robust Bayesian Meta-Analysis (RoBMA), a Bayesian extension of the frequentist selection models. We illustrate the methodology with two data sets and discuss the interpretation of the results. In addition, we include example text to provide concrete guidance on reporting the meta-analytic results in an academic article. Finally, three tutorial videos are available at https://tinyurl.com/y4g2yodc.


. We give an explicit formula for the zeroth A 1 -homology sheaf of a smooth proper variety. We also provide a simple proof of a theorem of Kahn-Sujatha which describes hom sets in the birational localization of the category of smooth varieties.


Abstract Aqueous coffee and tea infusions were decolorized by adsorption onto activated carbon. The color of the infusions has changed gradually from brown to colorless during the decolorization process. To understand the potentiality of activated carbon, experiments were conducted to determine equilibrium time, optimum dose of adsorbent, intraparticle diffusion, adsorption isotherm, optimum pH, and desorption of color from the coffee and tea infusions. The corresponding results show that around 80–82% of color removal was achieved with 100 mg/L of activated carbon within 2 h. The isothermal equilibrium sorption data fitted well into the Langmuir isotherm. Film diffusion seems to be the rate limiting step for coffee infusions but pore diffusion for tea infusions. The sorption process appears to follow anionic type as the extent of sorption is decreasing with increasing pH. Desorption studies revealed that the sorption interaction was more of chemical nature.


The research aims to identify the effectiveness of Eisenkraft inquiry model in developing the literary taste of the female fifth literary preparatory grade students. To achieve this aim, the quasi-experimental design of post-test experimental-control groups was adopted. The sample of the study was 44 female fifth literary preparatory grade students in Baghdad who were divided into two groups with 21 female students in the control group, and 23 female students in the experimental group. The researcher prepared the research tool, which was the literary taste test, and after ensuring its validity and reliability, she applied it to the research sample. The results of the research revealed the presence of a statistically significant difference between Eisenkraft inductive model and the traditional method in favor of the model. The researcher recommended that male and female Arabic language teachers should pay attention to this model when teaching literary texts because it showed positive results in developing the literary taste of the experimental group students.


Tourette Syndrome (TS) is regarded as a lifelong spectrum syndrome which is found world wide, across all geographical, ethnic and cultural barriers. This neuropsychiatric disorder is genetically determined and is associated with neurological abnormalities in the chemical balance of the brain. It causes motor, vocal and sensory tics, as well as associated problems, which can affect the person in his/her complete ecosystem. The primary aim of the study was to determine whether the self-concept of the adolescent with TS differed significantly from that of an adolescent who does not have TS. Significant differences were found between the two research groups of respondents regarding the non-academic self-concept, the academic self-concept and the global self-concept. It was determined that inclusive education will have to focus or the school 's role to cater for the specific needs regarding the self-concept of the adolescent who has TS and who is in the ordinary classroom. Consequently it was possible to make recommendations directed at the teaching practice in this regard.


Based on the introduction of current situation of yellow cattle improvement by frozen semen insemination in Ganzhou district of Zhangye city,the countermeasures was proposed after the analysis of the problems in the yellow cattle improvement,which provided the important information on yellow cattle improvement.


This supplementary material includes more dataset details and initial preprocessing steps. Also, this material further extends our analysis and provides the reasoning behind choosing a specific loss criterion, i.e


A protection mechanism has the role of controlling different forms of interaction among computations of different users and among different portions of the computation of a same user. In the class of protection schemes, the ring-protection mechanism is the one that, without significant loss of programming generality, allows the interaction to be controlled, mainly within the same computation, in a simple and economic way. In the paper the most relevant characteristics of the ring model are first pointed out. Next, the architecture requirements of the model implementation are described, and finally, some relevant computer systems provided with a ring-protection mechanism are analysed, such as MULTICS, VAX11, iAPX286, ICL 2900 and MARA.


The 1970 SS Arrow incident in Chedabucto Bay, Nova Scotia (NS) was a milestone event in Canada's oil spill response history and has been used by Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) for ongoing research for almost 50 years. In August of 2015, the remaining sunken section of the SS ARROW released Bunker C oil from its tanks and some sections of shorelines impacted in 1970 were affected once again. The Canadian Coast Guard led the 2015 response effort, which included Shoreline Clean-Up and Assessment Technique (SCAT) surveys, to evaluate the contamination on the shorelines of Chedabucto Bay. This poster presents an overview of the 1970 event as well as the shoreline contamination resulting from the 2015 release from the SS Arrow. It summarizes the SCAT survey results and the operational response of the ECCC's National Environmental Emergencies Centre (NEEC) in support of the incident.


The title compound is synthesized from La filings, La2O3, Au, and red P in the ratio 1.33:0.33:1:2 (pressed pellets, evacuated silica tube, 1473 K, 48 h).


Introduction into project/objectives EERA-DTOC concept Satus of Project WakeBench: Comparison between wake model calculations and measurements from Horns Rev off-shore Wind farm


An osteological comparison of seven species of silversides that occur from the Patos-Mirim lagoons systems is presented and discussed. Five species inhabit freshwater environments, Odontesthes bonariensis (Valenciennes, 1835), O. humensis De Buen, 1953, O. retropinnis (De Buen, 1953), O. perugiae Evermann & Kendall, 1906, and O. mirinensis Bemvenuti, 1995. The other species, O. incisa (Jenyns, 1842) and O. argentinensis (Valenciennes, 1835), inhabit in coastal and brackish waters.


Aiming at the situation that the concrete piers in the northern area and most of the southern area of our country are affected by the damage of the freeze-thaw cycle in varying degrees, this paper has studied the assessment of load-carrying capacity of concrete piers under freeze-thaw condition. In this paper, based on the mechanism of freeze-thaw process, several factors affecting the freeze resistance of concrete were considered, and a regression model considering the interaction of freeze-thaw and loads was established according to experimental data. When the load-carrying capacity of pier after freeze-thaw cycles is analyzed, a whole new concept - the effective depth of the freeze-thaw has been introduced into the analyzing, and it also considers of the area of cross section reducing, which results in the stress concentration. It calculates the maximal stress by using the limit state design method, finally judges its rank of damage.


On the spread spectrum fingerprinting, it has been considered that the energy of embedded signal is dropped to $1/c$ of its original value when $c$ copies are averaged. In this study, we analyze the effects of rounding error occurred at the embedding and averaging. The truncation of the number of decimals causes non-linear changes on the frequency components of fingerprint sequence. We estimate the actual attenuation factor through our simulation, and provide the best and worst case. In order to avoid the worst case, the countermeasure is proposed in this paper.


THE three appellants were employees of the Stepney Borough Council, and had been accused of complicity in thefts of petrol from its cleansing department. The Council set up a committee of enquiry, whose report to the council contained statements assumed by the Court of Appeal to be defamatory of the appellants. The report was posted by the respondents, with the agenda for the next Council meeting, on the door of the Town Hall, and copies were sent to the Public Libraries. Held, by the Court of Appeal, there was no defence to publication of the libel. The respondents first relied upon the Metropolis Management Amendment Act, 1856, s. 9, which imposes a duty on the Council to fix on the door of its meeting place notice of its forthcoming meeting, and the special purposes thereof; which, it was alleged, meant all the documentary particulars. The Court disagreed with this interpretation, though Goddard L.J. suggested that, in certain cases, posting the agenda would necessarily involve the publication of libels. If this were so, it would be no more than an interesting application of the defence of statutory duty to libel. The respondents turned to a defence of qualified privilege on the ground of a common interest with the ratepayers. The appellants seem to have admitted the common interest, but argued that this did not justify publication to the nonratepayers as well. Lord Greene M.R., however, preferred to hold that there was no case of privilege at all. He cited a passage of Lord Atkinson in Adam v. Ward [1917] A. C. at p. 334, to the effect that qualified privilege exists only when the person who makes the communication has an interest or duty, legal, social, or moral, to make it to the person to whom it is made, and that person has a corresponding interest or duty to receive it. In the present case, neither had the Council any interest in communicating a matter which was still sub judice, nor had the ratepayers any interest in receiving something relating only to the internal working of the administrative machinery. It is fortunate that Lord Greene chose to deal with the case in this way, and not to admit the common interest and base his decision on unnecessarily wide publication. Common interest is, by Lord Atkinson's definition, a very elastic defence, for to determine exactly what is a " legal, social, or moral interest' must often be a difficult question. This is a new illustration of its limits, and should prove a useful guide. J. S.


We present a fully decentralized motion control algorithm for coordination of platoons of mobile agents with restricted communication capabilities. In order to address very low bandwidth communication between agents and time varying communication network topologies, we utilize a distributed full-state estimator onboard each agent. Agent motion and data fusion algorithms are implemented locally by each agent. We introduce a gradient-based framework in which we achieve asymptotic agreement among local (estimated) representations of the platoon and the actual configuration in terms of outputs of the agents.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


In a world that is dominated by news of conflict, violence and natural disasters affecting millions of people around the globe, there is a need for effective strategies for coping with trauma. The effects of such trauma on both individuals and communities, are deep and long-lasting (Sutton, 2002). Cultural techniques play an important role in helping communities to recover from trauma. Sports and games, for example, have been used in numerous settings with individuals suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (Lawrence et al., 2010). Other arts-based therapies such as reading or creative writing are also proving to be effective means for dealing with the aftermath of traumatic events. Music can also play a role in helping individuals and communities to cope with trauma, whether it be through the intervention of music therapists, community music making programs or individual music listening. However, despite the abundance of positive examples of the value of the arts in trauma recovery, music, and the arts receives little recognition by leaders in global health issues (Clift et al., 2010). This paper will argue, therefore, that there is a need for a solid empirical evidence base that can illuminate the mechanisms by which music and arts therapies are effective, as well as consideration of how individual differences in personality and coping style can moderate participant responses to such therapies.


The advancement in video compression technology can result in more sensitivity to bit errors. Bit errors can propagate causing sustained loss of interpretability. In the worst case, the decoder "freezes" until it can re-synchronize with the stream. Detection of artifacts enables downstream processes to avoid corrupted frames. A simple template approach to detect block stripes and a more advanced cascade approach to detect compression artifacts was shown to correlate to the presence of artifacts and decoder messages.


Student teachers' and teachers' satisfaction with acquired competences during studies is one of the important indicators of the quality of study programs and, in addition to their values, points also to their shortcomings. The research goal was to detect those visual arts areas in which students and teachers do (not) feel competent enough to teach visual arts, as well as to examine the level of student teachers' and teachers' satisfaction with acquired competences in the area of visual arts education. The results could help in designing better curriculum frameworks for visual arts education at Faculties of Teacher Education in Croatia. They should meet the contemporary needs of teachers and students, with the aim of successful implementation and the achievement of learning outcomes in visual arts education.


The current work was designed to evaluate the effect of quercetin on carbohydrate and lipid disturbances associated with myocardial dysfunction as well as the changes in proinflammatory cytokines impairment induced by fructose intake in rats inducing insulin resistance (IR). To induce myocardial dysfunction as a result of insulin resistance (IR), rats were fed on diet richened with fructose and lard. A considerable changes were recorded in the carbohydrate profile (Glucose, insulin and HOMA), lipid profile (Cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol), cardiac profile (Aspartate aminotransferase [AST], lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], Creatine kinase [CK] and endotheline-1) and cytokines profile (TNF-α, IL-1ß and IL-6). Administration of quercetin significantly ameliorated all the previous mentioned parameters. The results indicated that quercetin possesses activity against IR associated with myocardial dysfunction, and that the mechanism of pharmacological and pharmakinetic actions were related at least in part to the antioxidant activity of quercetin.


Background: DARPP-32 is implicated in l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Results: PKA-dependent phosphorylation of DARPP-32 in a distinct subset of striatal neurons is required for l-DOPA-induced activation of ERK and mTORC1. Conclusion: PKA-dependent phosphorylation of DARPP-32 plays a critical role in dyskinesia and associated signaling alterations. Significance: The PKA/DARPP-32 cascade is a key target for the treatment of dyskinesia. Dyskinesia, a motor complication caused by prolonged administration of the antiparkinsonian drug l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA), is accompanied by activation of cAMP signaling and hyperphosphorylation of the dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of 32 kDa (DARPP-32). Here, we show that the abnormal phosphorylation of DARPP-32 occurs specifically in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) expressing dopamine D1 receptors (D1R). Using mice in which DARPP-32 is selectively deleted in D1R-expressing MSNs, we demonstrate that this protein is required for l-DOPA-induced activation of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 and the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathways, which are implicated in dyskinesia. We also show that mutation of the phosphorylation site for cAMP-dependent protein kinase on DARPP-32 attenuates l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia and reduces the concomitant activations of ERK and mTORC1 signaling. These studies demonstrate that, in D1R-expressing MSNs, l-DOPA-induced activation of ERK and mTORC1 requires DARPP-32 and indicates the importance of the cAMP/DARPP-32 signaling cascade in dyskinesia.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the quality of life in patients who had resection of oral cancer and reconstruction by radial forearm free flaps.

METHODS
Quality of life of 49 patients was assessed by means of the 14-item oral health impact profile (OHIP-14) and the medical outcomes study-short form-36 (SF-36) questionnaires 12 months after operation.

RESULTS
Forty-one questionnaires were collected (84%). SF-36: the highest-scoring domain were physical role (92.9 ± 2.6) and bodily pain (82.6 ± 5.7), the lowest-scoring domain were vitality (61.5 ± 9.1), followed by role emotion (64.9 ± 6.8) and social functioning (65.2 ± 8.2). OHIP-14: the best-scoring domain were handicap (37.1 ± 15.1) and psychological disability (45.7 ± 11.9), the best-scoring domain were physical pain (64.2 ± 11.7) and functional limitation (61.9 ± 12.9).

CONCLUSIONS
Radial forearm free flaps for reconstruction of oral defects after cancer resection could significantly influence the patients' quality of life.


In recent years, an increasing spread of fieldbus instrumentation can be noticed in process industries. In this domain, an important part of the instrumentation consists of rather complex ("intelligent") devices which are capable of revealing useful new data about the processes they are attached to, and of their own operational state. However, developing new applications deploying this additional information is cumbersome: different communication hardware, a variety of fieldbus protocols, and the limited applicability of existing fieldbus software and tools put application development at risk. Starting from an analysis of the potential and requirements on fieldbus installations in the process industries, we introduce a design and implementation of an application platform. It represents information from fieldbus devices in a structured manner, so that arbitrary applications can access and manipulate this information independently from the concrete underlying fieldbus and interface hardware.


Objective To observe the growth and fecundity of NIH mice under a stable raising condition.Methods 20 cages of mice were randomized for the observation, that is ,10cages each comtained a seed mouse with eight young mice (group 1)and the other 10 cages, a seed mouse with ten (group 2).Results NIH mice produced 10.85 mice on average. The average weight of young mice was 1.74g more with higher survival rate of 8.25% in group 1 than group 2.Conclusion NIH mice showed strong fecundity and fast growth, especially when a seed mouse fed eight young mice.


The effects of infection by Trypanosoma brucei and DNA virus on the ultrastructure of the salivary gland cells in Glossina pallidipes Austen were investigated. Cytoplasm of uninfected cells contains a dense ribosomal population and rough endoplasmic reticulum, scattered Golgi areas and mitochondria. In Infected cells of salivary glands the ultrastructural integrity of the cytoplasm is profoundly changed due to cellular proliferation giving rise to a stratified epithelium and gland enlargement; cell degeneration characterized by formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles, chromatin margination, disorganization and elimination of cell organelles and gland hypertrophy. The virus particles are found in the nucleoplasm as well as the cytoplasm of cells. The ultrastructural evidence indicates that the virus are largely assembled in nucleiof cells and virions pass through the nuclear membrane. The trypanosomes are found within the degenerating cytoplasm and lumen of the cell.The implications of the features observed in the infected cells are discussed, and possible suggestions are made regarding alteration of the metabolic functions due to infection.RésuméLes effets de l'infection due aux Trypanosoma brucei et au DNA-virus sur l'ultrastructure des cellules de glandes salivaires des Glossina pallidipes Austen furent analysée. Le cytoplasme des cellules non-infecté contient une population dense de ribosomes et un reticulum endoplasmique rugeux, des surfaces de Golgi et de mitochondries eparpilles. Chez les cellules infectées l'integral de l'ultrastructure du cytoplasme est profondement changée grâce à une prolifération cellulaire donnant naissance à un epithelium stratifié et à une hypertrophie de la glande; dégéneration cellulaire characterisée par la formation des vacoules cytoplasmiques, marginalisation de la chromatine, désorganisation et élimination de la substance cellulaire et hypertrophie de la glande. Les particules virales se trouvaient dans le nucleoplasme ainsi que dans le cytoplasme des cellules. L'évidence ultrastructurale indique que les virus sont asemblées dans le noyeau cellulaire et que le virion passe à travers la membrane nucleaire. Les trypanosomes ont été trouvé dans le cytoplasme en dégéneration. p ]Les implications de ces observations dans les cellules infectées ont été discuté et des suggestions ont été faites en ce que regarde l'alteratlons des fonction metaboliques due à l'infection.


Homooxacalix[3]arenes bearing 4-pyridyl groups at the 7,15,23-positions formed a dimeric complex with Pd(II). Only when the homooxacalix[3]arene was preorganized to a cone conformation, a dimeric molecular capsule with D3h symmetry was yielded. Mass spectral studies established that CD2Cl2 is included in this cavity.


Youth inactiveness has become a focal issue of public concern in South Korea. This study examines both macroand micro-level factors that produce the growing trends of inactive youth and the problem of youth joblessness. At the macro-level, the dimension of labor demand is the most crucial factor in creating youth inactiveness, although the problem is also derived from the oversupply of overeducated youths as well as insufficient labor market policy and infrastructure. At the micro-level, our analysis addresses three remarkable points. First, under the gendered context of the Korean youth labor market, female youths, who are disadvantaged in the job opportunity structure, are found to attend job training programs for enhancing the condition of their labor market transition and the quality of their future jobs, rather than directly moving into the labor market through active job search. Second, high education for the purpose of further developing their employability leads jobless youths to become inactive, rather than becoming active job seekers. Finally, such household characteristics as family income and father's socioeconomic status are reaffirmed to be significant factors influencing youth inactiveness.


Stars evolving around a supermassive black hole see their orbital orientations diffuse efficiently, a process called "vector resonant relaxation". In particular, stars within the same disc, i.e. neighbors in orientations, will slowly diffuse away from one another through this stochastic process. We use jointly (i) detailed kinetic predictions for the efficiency of this dilution and (ii) the recent observation of a stellar disc around SgrA*, the supermassive black hole at the centre of the Milky-Way, to constrain SgrA*'s unobserved stellar cluster. Notably, we investigate quantitatively the impact of a population of intermediate mass black holes on the survivability of the stellar disc.


Introduction: It has been suggested that paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) could sensitize dopaminergic systems, probably by inducing supersensitivity of the post synaptic receptor (TUFIK et al., 1978). The mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system, composed of DAergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area and their projections to the nucleus accumbens and other forebrain structures, has been implicated in the reinforcing and locomotor-activating properties of cocaine (HOGER et al., 1999). In 2000, ANDERSEN et al., showed that acute cocaine administration elicited sexual behavior in young PSD rats. It is known that there is a decline in sexual arousal and copulatory activity in male rats with advancing age, as well as significant changes in various sleep parameters. Thus, the objective of the present study was to examine the behaviors of penile erection and ejaculation in young and old-age rats submitted to PSD after cocaine administration. Methods: Young (3 months) and middle-age (22 months) male rats were PSD for 96 hours by the modified multiple platform methods or stayed in their cages (control group-CTRL). At the end of this period, the animals received an i.p. injection of cocaine (15 mg/kg) and the erections and ejaculations were assessed for 60 minutes. Results: The cocaine-PSD study revealed a significant difference between the 3monthsPSD and the three other groups with regard to sexual behavior. The young PSD rats had the greatest number of erection and ejaculation. Among the old-age rats, the PSD group only had erection and sexual behavior was absent in the 22 months control group.


The XeCl laser ablation of a polyetheretherketone (PEEK)-carbon fiber composite (APC-2) is reported. Etch rates and measurements of the ablation products have been carried out, together with scanning electron microscope evaluation of the etch craters. Selective removal of the PEEK matrix occurs for fluences ∼70–400 mJ cm^−2. Net composite etching commences at ∼420 mJ cm^−2, with an etch rate above this value that is determined by the carbon fibers and is consistent with thermal vaporization at high temperature (≥4000 K).


The invention provides a substrate separation method and device. The substrate separation method comprises the steps: providing a carrier device bearing a plurality of substrates, wherein two opposite side surfaces of the carrier device are respectively provided with a first blowing device, and the other two opposite side surfaces of the carrier device are respectively provided with a second blowing device; blowing a plurality of upper substrates of the plurality of substrates with the first blowing devices; and blowing the topmost two substrates of the plurality of substrates with the second blowing devices, wherein airflow directions of the first blowing devices and the second blowing devices are actually vertical with each other. According to the separation method and device, by adopting a mode of carrying out pre-separation on silicon wafers, buffer areas and separation areas are formed before absorption, and then, the silicon wafers are sucked up with a sucker disc, thereby effectively reducing fragment rate during absorption and separation, and improving production efficiency.


With the large-scale video-text datasets being collected, learning general visual-textual representation has gained increasing attention. While recent methods are designed with the assumption that the alt-text description naturally conveys the meaning and context of the video in semantics (i.e. well aligned with each other), it is unlikely to be satisfied for the Internet data, which potentially harms the quality of the learned visual-textual representation. To address this challenge, we first revisit three mainstream approaches: correspondence modeling, contrastive learning and predictive coding, demonstrating that a simple co-training strategy with these methods leads to a clear improvement in performance. To further explore the complementary nature of different training strategies, we propose a simple yet effective joint training framework that factorizes the total objective into conditional ones, termed as Cali-NCE 1. Our method first estimates confidence scores for measuring the correspondence between video and text descriptions, and the scores are later used to calibrate the sample weightings during contrastive training. Through extensive experiments, we show that the proposed approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on multiple downstream tasks: text-to-video retrieval, video action recognition, and video retrieval.


This paper emphasizes the key role of policy in the development of agricultural services outsourcing. In this paper, a theoretical framework is constructed to analyze the role of government policies on agricultural service outsourcing under the assumption of the separability of agricultural production processes. The article constructs a quasi-natural experiment using the China-targeted poverty alleviation program and nationally representative microdata, and the PSM-DID model is chosen to estimate the policy effects. We also discuss regional heterogeneity, aiming to identify the ways in which policy affects agricultural service outsourcing. Based on a comprehensive household-level dataset and econometric analysis, we find that targeted poverty alleviation programs significantly promote the use of agricultural service outsourcing by low-income farmers, and the effects of the policies are more pronounced for the central and western regions. These findings suggest that targeted poverty alleviation programs improve the income of farm households in poor areas and encourage the use of agricultural service outsourcing, which can save agricultural labor, reduce the opportunity cost of agricultural production, and contribute to the sustainable development of the poor.


AbstractA series of large-scale triaxial compression tests were conducted to investigate the strength and deformation behaviors of Tacheng rockfill material (TRM) in relation to the initial void ratio and initial confining pressure. The critical state friction angle of TRM was expressed as a linear function of the logarithm of the initial confining pressure. The excess peak state friction angle and excess characteristic state friction angle of TRM were formulated as linear equations of a revised relative dilatancy index to capture the influences of density and pressure on the peak state and characteristic state friction angles. The initial elastic modulus, tangent modulus, and secant modulus of TRM were dependent on the initial void ratio and initial confining pressure. In addition, a formulation incorporating density and pressure was proposed to simulate the initial elastic modulus of TRM. The volumetric and deviatoric strains of TRM at the critical state were also dependent on density and pressure. The ...


From system viewpoint,productivity is neither essential productive factor,nor produce system itself.Productivity is the collective function which can satisfy people's needs,shaped by the productive factors which contact mutually and combine with each other(i.e.Structure relation,R),and it is influenced by the natural environment and social environment(E).Key elements(K) of productive system have productivity mate-function;Systematic productivity structure(mode of production) unites the way of working with production relations,which composes the function and structure of productivity,"the structure-function" law can explain the problem.The environment has the latent function to productivity.Natural environment now affects more and more on product,to protect the environment is to protect productivity.Science,the latent productivity,becomes the spiritual culture which affects productivity function mostly.Other kinds of social environment also have latent function to productivity.


The use of zinc phosphate micro flakes as fillers in corrosion proctective coatings was investigated. In this paper, we present the synthesis of zinc phosphate particles having a specific morphology exhibiting a large surface to volume ratio and thus enhancing the reactivity of zinc phosphate towards corrosive medias. The in-house synthesized zinc phosphate micro flakes show an improved corrosion protection on mild steel. Their performance was first tested as dispersions in a standard corrosion testing electrolyte. Furthermore their overall resistance towards corrosion was demonstrated as they were used as fillers in an epoxy-based coating spin coated on mild steel. When compared to commercial zinc phosphate particles incorporated in the same matrix, the micro flakes present overall resistance values of about one decade higher.


Rudimental research progress of oxyapatite-type rare-earth silicates is reviewed based on the published papers mainly from 1959 to 1993 that have not yet been discussed in detail. The knowledge of oxyapatite-type rare-earth silicates significantly increased during this period. Chemical compounds of rare-earth oxides and silica were discovered around 1960. Because of the complex chemical composition of the oxyapatite phase, the composition was initially considered as 2RE2O3·3SiO2, which was called orthosilicate. "RE" is the rare-earth elements. Different compositions of 2RE2O3·3SiO2 have been proposed by crystal structure analysis based on the crystal chemistry and the leaping model. With respect to crystal structure analysis, knowledge has gradually improved step-by-step, including the implicit distinction between oxygen-stoichiometric apatite and oxygen-deficient apatite. Based on the published work, the rare-earth silicate oxyapatites are considered to have an apatite-like structure. Initially, application research focused on the optical properties of oxyapatite because rare-earth metals were constituent elements of the crystals, and on the use of oxyapatite as a stabilizer of unwanted radioactive waste produced in nuclear power reactors because oxyapatites can dissolve the actinide elements.


This research paper aims to define a management profile for the healthinstitutions of Barranquilla, based on the consensus of a team of expertsin Bogota, Medellin and Barranquilla. For that purpose, the followingcompetences are defined: Knowledge, skills, and self-awareness supportedby the Latin America Leadership institution and academic authorities relatedto competences. It is also based on the research carried out by ReneeBedard on behavior and its application in administration. To determine amanagement profile, some of Michel Godet's methods were applied fromthe Strategic Prospective –Laboratoire d'Investigation Prospective et StrategiqueCNAM, Instituto Europeo de Prospectiva y Estrategia–.The result is a Managementprofile comprised by 50% of self-awareness, 30% knowledge, and 20%skills; and they established that each and every one of these competencesare closely related to each other and represent a true challenge for thosewho have or wish to have a successful managerial position.


Extraits de l'ouvrage de l'A. The Wahhabiyya, Islamic Reform and Politics in French West Africa, Evanston, Northwestern Univ. Press, 1974. Afrique occidentale francaise.


In this chapter we sample the rich menu of applications. The purposes of the Delphis are as varied as the users. Seven authors focus on specific planning tasks in the areas of government and business. Additional studies are also sketched in this introduction ("Comments on Other Studies"). Government Planning The four articles covering this field address national, regional, and organiza tional planning problems. Turoff deals with the basic concept of the Policy Delphi and reviews several efforts of this type. Ludlow's concern is resource management in the Great Lakes region and a major aim is to establish improved communications between technical experts and interested citizens. Jillson focuses on the use of Delphi as an integral instrument in national drug abuse policy formulation, operating from three distinct perspectives: "topdown", "bottom-up", and "issue oriented". Jones explores priorities in System Concept O ptions for the U.S. Air Force Laboratories, with emphasis on comparing views of four in-house organizations competing for funds. All four move beyond the use of Delphi as a forecasting tool and stress its value as a communications system for policy questions. A policy question is defined here as one involving vital aspects, such as goal formation, for which there are no overall experts, only advocates and referees. Its resolution must take into consideration the conflicting goals and values espoused by various interest groups as well as the facts and staff analyses. It should be clearly understood that Delphi does not substitute for the staff studies, the committee deliberations, or the decision-making. Rather, it organizes and clarifies views in an anonymous way, thereby facilitating and complementing the committee's work, Whereas Turoff's panelists constitute a homogeneous group, Ludlow seeks to establish a communication process between the potential users of new knowledge and a team of interdisciplinary researchers. He raises a point which is of concern for Delphi studies generally. The probability used is of the personal or subjective type; it can be interpreted as a "degree of confidence". Scientists and engineers are brought up on a different kind of probability-frequency ofoccurrence, i.e., the limit of the ratio of the number of successes to the total number of trials as the latter approaches infinity. Thus the frequency type of probability assumes repeatability of the experiment (e.g., tossing a coin). But the subjective probability has meaning even if an event can occur only once. A boxing match is a one-time event; the odds usually …


Abstract Researchers continue to debate the importance of (item) context effects, which are often thought to produce inflated percept-percept correlations in organizational self-reports. Using Feldman and Lynch's (1988) theory of self-generated validity, we propose five conditions under which such context effects are most likely to occur and to have an impact on substantive conclusions. The proposed effects are tested with psychometric and verbal protocol data from 208 subjects responding to an organizational justice questionnaire, using a 3 (types of context) by 2 ("think aloud" versus "silent") experimental design. Psychometric results revealed context effects on scale means, reliabilities, and some of the relations between constructs. Respondents' concurrent verbal protocols from the "think aloud" condition provided evidence for the cognitive basis of these effects.


In earlier reports we described an in vivo-in vitro system which consists of exposing mid-term hamster embryos in utero and cloning the embryonic cells in vitro to assay for transformed cells with malignant potential (Borek et al., 1977, 1987a). Recent developments in molecular biology have made it possible to identify the presence of dominant transforming genes (oncogenes) in cells exposed to a variety of carcinogens (Land et al., 1983; Paroda and Weinberg, 1983; Guererro et al., 1984; Borek et al., 1987b). The methods of DNA-mediated gene transfer (transfection) led to the identification of dominant transforming genes in a variety of human neoplastic cells (Cooper, 1982; Land et al., 1983; Guerrero et al., 1984; Borek et al., 1987b).


Linear soluble polybenzyls, although deceptively simple in structure, have been strangely elusive. We report for the first time the synthesis of perfectly linear soluble polybenzyls by the polycondensation of 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted benzenes with formaldehyde using CHCl3/trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) as the medium, wherein TFA served both as an acidic catalyst as well as a cosolvent. The number-average molecular weights (Mn's) of the polymers, as determined by gel permeation chromatography, varied from about 1000 to 37,000, depending on the nature of the substituent on the benzene ring; Mn was highest when all four substituents were alkoxy groups and was lowest when they were all alkyl groups. This correlated well with susceptibility of the aromatic ring toward electrophilic aromatic substitution, which is the underlying polymerization mechanism. Differential scanning calorimetry of the polymers showed that most of the samples were amorphous with glass-transition temperatures ranging from about −80° to +80 °C, whereas a few that were either symmetrically substituted or possessed a long alkyl substituent were partially crystalline. Preliminary studies suggested that the methylene unit linking the phenyl rings in these polybenzyls could be readily oxidized to generate conjugated polymers that may be perceived as carbon analogues of polyaniline–poly(arylmethine)s. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 2345–2353, 2003


It is important to recognize that these peculiar electrocardiographic patterns occur in healthy coloured people. I know of at least three patients admitted to hospital for supposed pericarditis solely on the basis ofelectrocardiogram findings, in whom this diagnosis was ultimately abandoned for lack of clinical and laboratory support. The healthy coloured man or woman may have an electrocardiogram which resembles the pattern we usually associate with pericarditis or coronary disease, and it is well to be cautious in making either of these diagnoses without supporting clinical evidence.


Everywhere, companies are trying to do more with fewer staff in a shorter time. The key to thier success lies in the abilith to quickly acquire quality data, process it to obtain a better image of potential target and use the information in conjunction with geological and engineering expertise to capture greater value for their company. Society of Exploration Geophysicist 70th Annual Meeting is a live demo of our geophysical community;s ability to achieve better and quicker successes. Our review mainly concentrate on the papers of migration by wave equation.


ASSETS — IMPLICATIONS FOR PARTICLE SIZE AND BEHAVIOR IN THE MARTIAN ENVIRONMENT. J. W. Ashley, S. W. Ruff, P. R. Christensen, M. D. Smith, and J. R. Hill, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109; firstname.lastname@example.com, Mars Space Flight Facility, School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771.


Many universities have decided to use various learning Platforms in order to foster the learning capability for students and to improve the teaching processes for faculty staff. Based on qualitative case studies conducted at two Norwegian universities, this paper intends to delineate a general framework outlining the challenges, issues and opportunities in using a Learning Management System (LMS) and more specifically the Fronter