palpated easily and an X-ray film at the 32nd week showed the feetus confined to the lower abdomen in a cramped transverse position. The urinary pregnanediol was 21 mg/24 hours at the 25th week. Total cestrogen excretion increased from 13 mg at the 27th week to 38 mg/24 hours at the 37th week. Laparotomy was performed electively in the 37th week. The foetal membranes were found to have ruptured some time previously and one of the infant's arms was protruding through the rupture into the peritoneal cavity. There was no amniotic fluid. The infant was extracted easily. The placenta was on the back of the right broad ligament and was attached to the right pelvic brim and to the left side of the uterus. The combined placenta and uterus were removed because it was apparent that all vascular pedicles were controllable. There was considerable bleeding as the superior edge of the placenta was dissected from the thick foetal membranes, and 4 litres of blood were transfused. Recovery was uneventful and the patient returned home on the 12th postoperative day. The infant was a girl weighing 3005 kg. The Apgar score was 2 and 4 at 1 and 5 minutes. The head had been deformed by pressure and there was a particularly deep groove in the right parietal region. There was micrognathos and left talipes equinovarus. Adequate respiration was not established and the infant died after 6 hours. Autopsy showed pulmonary atelectasis but no other malformation. The risks associated with abdominal pregnancy from 1950 to 1957 were reviewed by Hreshchyshyn et al. (1961). In 101 cases there was stillbirth in 46, spontaneous hemorrhage in 16 and maternal death in 2. The placenta was removed in 62. Post-operative morbidity was much less when the placenta was removed, but this is safe only when it is certain that the placental blood supply can be controlled.


ABSTRACT Shared standards of ethics are an important element of the journalism profession. However, considerable cultural and individual differences exist in media workers' views of what the main principles of journalism ethics are and what conduct those principles prescribe and prohibit. The aim of this paper is to examine media editors' views on what constitutes ethical conduct and their decision-making concerning the application of ethics principles to practice. The data source is 20 semi-structured interviews with editors of various Latvian media outlets. Only half of the newsrooms included in this study had a code of ethics, and the editors tended to put more emphasis on unwritten rules. Decisions tend to be made situationally though deliberation among the staff or based on the authority of the editor. The interviewees generally agreed on the basic principles of ethics in their abstract form. However, few of them indicated awareness of the ambiguities and constraints of the abstract terms they employ to describe professional ethics, such as objectivity. Furthermore, the editors tended to conflate ethics principles with legal regulations or feedback from the audience. The results show that the way media workers talk about ethics reflects both their professional ideals and non-ethics factors that shape journalism practice.


Many fish species are protracted spawners, producing fry over a several-week breeding season. We demonstrate that this time dimension has important implications for recruitment by relating the body size and survival of yearlings to the day that they were born. The production of bluegill sunfish fry was estimated throughout the 1993 spawning season in Lake Opinicon, Ontario. In 1994, yearlings were collected and otolith daily growth rings used to determine their 1993 date of birth. We found that yearling body size decreased with date of birth in 1993. There was a progressive decline in body size across the eight spawning bouts, resulting in a 50% difference in the size at age 1 of early- and late-born fry. This difference is apparently due to the longer growing season available to early-born fry. Fry born earlier in the season also had strikingly higher survivorship to age 1 than fry from the middle- or late-season bouts. Fry produced during the first trimester increased 231% in representation among yearlings. This increased survivorship is probably due to increased over-winter survivorship and possibly also size-selective predation. These results highlight the importance of the temporal dimension in understanding the nature of fish recruitment.


The enclosure of the open fields is an example of Europeans' willingness to alter long-standing social and economic institutions in the interest of higher living standards. In Scandinavia, England, and Germany the rise in the value of enclosed relative to unenclosed land induced widespread abandonment of open-field forms of agrarian organization by the middle of the nineteenth century. In France, on the other hand, the traditional patterns of landholding maintained themselves until after the First World War. This paper examines some of the ways French farmers responded to the possibilities of agricultural change within the traditional framework of open-field agriculture.


First the author traces the career of a Jewish woman hidden from the Nazis as a child in Belgium. In later life she re-experienced the traumatic events of her childhood in the form of a deferred response taking place in the course of a paranoid/hallucinatory episode. The author delineates the nature of the "reminiscence" characterized by this episode.


ethics have been derived from the concrete psychical and social sciences; economics, for example, from concrete political economy. It will be observed that the names of all the concrete sciences end in y, and those of all the abstract sciences in cs. This is neither a result of conscious agreement nor a mere accident. It is a consequence of those subtle associations of ideas that so often influence us without our being aware of the process at the time. Another curious fact, to which Professor Hadley has called my attention, is that we have in names no longer used, or disappearing, a record of the transition stage in which the differentiation of the abstract sciences from the concrete was taking place. Thus physics was natural philosophy; biology was natural history ; economics was political economy ; ethics was moral philosophy. If the foregoing scheme of classification is scientifically valid, I have been entirely right and self-consistent in claiming that the theories of pure economics presuppose some portions of descriptive sociology, while the explanatory portions of sociology assume and appeal to the theories of pure economics. Referring to the figure, the reader will observe a section of the field of sociology s' v' w' ir' which is also a portion of the field of pure economics. From the concrete studies of this section have been derived our abstract economic theories. Such theories being formulated, we can go on to the profitable study of a further section of the sociological field, namely, the ethical, u' ru' w U. The second question upon which Dr. Patten and I have disagreed is whether a consciousness of marginal utility is created by social


Macrophages are a heterogeneous population of innate myeloid cells involved in health and disease, which are the most functionally diverse cells of the hematopoietic system. The main functions of macrophages include responding to pathogens and modulating the adaptive immune response, induction and resolution of inflammation, tissue repair and homeostasis. Macrophages exhibit remarkable plasticity, in which the different populations of macrophages with distinct physiological and pathological roles can be developed in response to different stimuli. Depending on the types of stimuli that macrophages are exposed to, these cells will be able to polarize to M1 (pro-inflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory). M1 macrophages are induced by treatment with IFN γ and LPS. Based on the stimuli and the achieved transcriptional changes, the M2 macrophages can be classified into four subdivisions: alternative activated macrophages (M2a, treatment with IL-4 or IL-13), type 2 macrophages (M2b, treatment with immune complexes and LPS), deactivated macrophages (M2c, treatment with glucocorticoids or IL-10) and M2-like macrophages (M2d, treatment with adenosines or IL-6). In this chapter, we describe the methods to generate different phenotypes of activated macrophages by adding certain stimuli and we also summarize the distinct markers and/or cytokines used to verification of each activated macrophages.


In the work study results of influence of typical working junction angle on amount changing of local aerodynamic resistances when air flows in different directions is represented. Using finite-element software, aerodynamic parameters of elements of mine ventilation network is obtained and is compared with analytical calculations Interinfluence local aerodynamic resistances located at ventilation network consecutively in normal and reversing behavior is discovered. It allows to increase accuracy of calculation of mine ventilation network at emergency ventilation operation.


To speed up the performance of the device with scaling down the physical size, steep switching has become the major concern for reduction in subthreshold slope. In this paper, in order to achieve steep switching, the subthreshold slope has been obtained~5mV/decade by introducing the feedback field-effect transistor (FBFET) based biosensor which utilizes the positive feedback mechanism in the device. The reduction in the subthrshold slope of the proposed biosensor leads to detection of biomolecules such as biotin, and biotin-streptavidin at the rapid response with higher sensitivity. This detection of biomolecules has been carried out by creating the cavity at the source end. With the immobilization of biotin-streptavidin in the cavity about 75% of the sensitivity has been achieved. In addition to this, we have also studied the impact of cavity parameter modulation on the drive current and on its sensitivity. Further, we have compared the transfer charcteristics and the sensitivity of conventional dielectric modulated FET with the proposed device at different dielectric constant and the negative charge density of biomolecules which shows that proposed FBFET has higher sensitivity than conventional DM-FET. Furthermore, the fabrication process of the proposed device has been included which shows that it can be fabricated with simple steps without any complexity and at lower cost.


The aim of this study was to analyze perioperative results and long‐term survival of re‐sternotomy for surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in octogenarians in age of transcatheter therapies.


The development of technology at this time has progressed very rapidly, especially in application software on computers. One application program that is currently developing along with information and communication technology is Microsoft office which can be used to perform document processing and administration. Microsoft Office is deemed necessary to be taught to students regarding the use of these applications, especially Microsoft Excel applications in order to improve students' abilities in using formulas in Microsoft Excel. Microsoft Excel is part of Microsoft Office which is often used for processing numbers. The method used is the tutorial method (assistance), question and answer and direct practice using the application. The material presented consists of an introduction to functions and formulas in Microsoft Excel. There were 12 participants who took part in this activity. This activity begins with the delivery of material in the form of a presentation (tutorial) and the material presented is immediately practiced by students.


In this paper, we present a syntax analyser tool for Verilog programs which can be used as a front end to debugging and program verification tools.


Mobile Crowdsensing (MCS) has become an effective technology for urban data sensing and acquisition. But this also brings the risk of trajectory privacy disclosure for participants. Most of the existing efforts attempt to add noise into the reported location information to achieve the trajectory privacy protection of the participating users. However, in many scenarios, the participants are required to report the real-location information (e.g., high-quality map generation, traffic flow monitoring, etc.). To address this problem, we propose a differential privacy based trajectory privacy protection scheme with real-location reporting in MCS. First, we present the definition of trajectory privacy protection based on real path reporting under differential privacy. Second, we give a differential trajectory privacy protection framework to achieve participants trajectory privacy protection under Bayesian inference attacks. Finally, we analyze and prove that differential trajectory privacy problem is an NP-Hard problem. Meanwhile, we also design an approximate algorithm to report participants road segment with the trajectory privacy guarantee. The experimental results on both the simulated data set and the real data set show that our proposed participant's trajectory privacy protection scheme has a good performance.


Daechungdo is an island located in Daechungmyeon, Ongjingun, Incheon-city, Korea. Its area is 12.63 square kilometers with the coastline of 24.7 kilometers. It is 202 kilometers far from Incheon-city and about 40 kilometers in northwest side from Ongjin peninsula. Also it is very close to Demilitarized Zonec(DMZ) with Backlyong Island and Sochung Island in the Yellow Sea of the Korea. In this research, I compare Shinduri coastal sand dune located in the land of the Korea with as Daechungdo in order to figure out how coastal sand dune in Daechungdo area developed. I studied particular factor forming a big coastal sand dune in Daechungdo. A method of the analysis shows differences among the velocity of the wind, the humidity of the surface, and freezing which consider as a main forming factor of the coastal sand dune. As a result of the research, primary factors in Dadchungdo which affect on the coastal sand dune are s mall rainfall in summer and the velocity of the wind which is twice higher than Shinduri. And the coastal sand dune does not affect on the wind directly because it is located in northest side of the Daechungdo, however a factor to be an open island, not the land, interact with a characteristic of the diffracting wind. Therefore it caused a lot of sands accumulate at the coastal sand dune in Daechungdo. Movement of sand in Shinduri is hard because of the high level of the summer rainfalls and it is easy to be swept away in the sea because of erosion. But the coastal sand dune in Daechungdo erodes the sands lower than Shinduri does because Daechungdo has lower summer rainfalls than Shinduri has. In other words, an important factor to make sand dune in Daechungdo is wind. Compare to Shindu-ri"s sand dune, Daechungdo's one has the speed of the wind twice stronger than Shinduri"s one so that it can make wide and big sand dune in Daechungdo. Finally, I conclude in research that the most important factor is the wind in order to increase steadily an aeolian feature, especially a coastal sand dune in the Daechungdo.


Clostridium novyi is endospore- forming, obligate anaerobic bacteria of the class clostridia. Cultivation of this bacterium in common culture is one of the problems with this bacterium. It is pathogenic, causing a wide variety of diseases in man and animals the spore of this bacterium has also received much attention in the treatment of cancer due to its ability to grow in anaerobic conditions inside solid tumors. In this study, the optimum growth conditions for vegetative and spore form was investigated. Bacterial culture was investigated in different solid media including BHI, Blood Agar, F medium and NP medium in vegetative form. Also, a suitable spore media was introduced, the spore purification method, an easy method for bacterial count and spore aspiration were investigated. The best rich media for C.novyi in vegetative form are F and NP media. That is, by adding horse blood to these media culture, the growth be lux but is not a sufficient factor for growth. There was an almost linear relationship between bacterial absorption and bacterial count for Clostridium novyi. Also, the difference in the number of spores germination which heating at 80 ° C for 15 minutes was significant.


This study is intended to explore L2 knowledge within the model of extended units of meaning through a multi-comparison of causative structures in EFL learner English,native English and Chinese.Data show that(1) both Chinese and English causative structures have distinctive features of co-selection,and(2) learner English differs markedly from native English in semantic preference and semantic prosody,but tends to be highly congruent with its equivalent in Chinese.The results suggest that as the product of the interaction between L1 and the target language,L2-specific co-selection knowledge of collocation,colligation,semantic preference and semantic prosody is the principal component of L2 knowledge system.L1 co-selection knowledge is a significant source of L2 implicit knowledge,and semantic prosody plays a leading role in L2 knowledge acquisition.The study also briefly discusses the implications of the findings for re-examining interface-noninterface positions,verifying relevant linguistic hypotheses,and improving EFL teaching.


BACKGROUND
Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) is a subtype of acute myeloid leukaemia with high curability rates. However, it is often accompanied by severe coagulopathy and bleeding risk and thus represents a potentially fatal haematological emergency requiring immediate treatment. Spontaneous splenic rupture is a rare event in all haematological malignancies. Only two clinical cases have been described so far in a setting of APL.

CASE REPORT
We report a patient with APL without preceding splenomegaly who underwent urgent splenectomy for spontaneously occurring splenic rupture during induction chemotherapy. After surgery the patient completed induction chemotherapy and achieved complete remission.

CONCLUSION
This is the second case of spontaneous splenic rupture without preceding splenomegaly in a patient with APL during induction chemotherapy described so far. Our case demonstrates that emergent splenectomy can be lifesaving even in the unfavourable condition of patient with severe immune deficiency.


Abstract : Preliminary evidence of active bed transport at the Cornfield Shoals Disposal Site (CSDS) prompted the National Marine Fisheries Service and Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection to express concern about possible sediment transport towards, and impact on, shellfish beds located north of the site, north of Long Sand Shoal. This preliminary study was designed to determine if the field-observed transport at the disposal site is consistent with the predicted east-west transport pattern found in the historical record. This investigation at CSDS between July 1991 and May 1992 provided strong circumstantial evidence for active bed transport. his study included a series of bathymetric surveys, current meter suspended sediment data collection, and REMOTS(R) photography of the sediment-water interface. The circumstantial evidence for active bed transport included shifts in areas of sediment accumulation and erosion, increased suspended sediment deposits at the sediment-water interface. In general, active bed transport appears to follow the historical east-west current direction, and the extent of the transport depends on the type of material. The actual direction and magnitude of active bed transport apparently depend on local topography and the nature of materials being transported. Sediment accumulated over a broad area near the disposal points of sand hydraulically dredged from the Connecticut River in September 1991. Subsequent bathymetric surveys showed apparent movement of this material to the west. A clearly defined deposit formed at the disposal point for fine-grained material mechanically dredged from North Cove, Connecticut.


Background: Background: Treatment with high dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is considered the standard of care (SOC) second line treatment for relapsed or refractory (R/R) large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) in patients responding to salvage therapy. However, more than half of the patients will not proceed to ASCT due to progressive disease. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy targeting CD19 has revolutionized the treatment of R/R LBCL. With unprecedented overall response rates of 50-80% and durable responses of 30-40% at 4-5y, CAR T-cell therapy is now considered SOC for patients with R/R LBCL after 2 or more lines of therapy. Randomized prospective studies have recently examined whether earlier admission of CAR T-cell therapy after failure of 1 line of therapy could improve outcomes. Aims: Aims: The aim of present meta-analysis was to compare the efficacy and safety of CAR-T vs. high dose chemotherapy followed by ASCT as second line treatment for R/R LBCL. Methods: Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials including patients with R/R LBCL, comparing second line treatment with high dose chemotherapy followed by ASCT to CAR-T cell therapy. Cochrane Library, PubMed, conference proceedings and references were searched until January 2022. Two reviewers appraised the quality of trials and extracted data. Primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Secondary outcomes included overall response rate (ORR), complete response (CR) rate, event free survival (EFS), progression free survival (PFS) and safety. Our


From Maxwells equations,the attenuation behaviors of high frequency impulse electromagnatic wave during its propagation in subground heterogeneous medium are studied and analyzed. We applied them to the engineering prospecting of infirm groundsill and gained pretty good results. By introducing Cole Cole formular describing the attenuation behaviors of the complex dielectric constant and charactor factor in heterogeneous midium, the attenuation behaviors of the high frequency impulse electromagnatic wave in subground heterogeneous medium can be theoreticly described. The engineering applications results indicated that this method that the attenuation behaviors of GPR high frequency impulse electromagnatic wave are applied to study the fault belt,subground fissures,infirm groundsill in subground inanition and those work to the attenuation behaviors of GPR reflections,and futher explaining and assessing infirm groundsill is feasible ,and has characteritic of the less investment,quick work,high precision and nondestractive detecting etc.


Spectral calibration of the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) as data are acquired in flight is essential to quantitative analysis of the measured upwelling spectral radiance. In each spectrum measured by AVIRIS in flight, there are numerous atmospheric gas absorption bands that drive this requirement for accurate spectral calibration. If the surface and atmospheric properties are measured independently, these atmospheric absorption bands may be used to deduce the in-flight spectral calibration of an imaging spectrometer. Both the surface and atmospheric characteristics were measured for a calibration target during an in-flight calibration experiment held at Lunar Lake, Nevada on April 5, 1994. This paper uses upwelling spectral radiance predicted for the calibration target with the MODTRAN radiative transfer code to validate the spectral calibration of AVIRIS in flight.


Objective: To evaluate the variation of ankle joint range of motionafter medial calcaneal sliding osteotomy and lengthening ofthe gastrocnemius-soleus complex in the surgical treatment offlexible pes planovalgus. Methods: Between March 2016 andJanuary 2017, 36 feet of 22 patients presenting with flexible pesplanovalgus, with ages ranging from 11 to 22 years, underwent theKoutsogiannis procedure, in combination or not with other boneand soft tissue procedures and gastrocnemius-soleus complexzone IV (Vulpius) lengthening. The variation of ankle extensionwas measured in degrees using a goniometer and the Silfverskioldtest in knee extension and flexion, both preoperatively and afterthe medializing calcaneal osteotomy and after lengthening, thustotaling 3 measurements. Results: There was a reduction in ankleextension after the medializing calcaneal osteotomy, with apreoperative mean of 93o with an extended knee and 104.7o with aflexed knee, while a mean of 90.7o (loss of 2.3o) was obtained afterthe osteotomy in extension and 98.9o (loss of 5.8o) in flexion. Aftergastrocnemius lengthening, we achieved a significant gain of rangeof motion, averaging 107.2o (gain of 14.2o) with the knee extendedand 117.6o (gain of 12.9o) with the knee flexed. Conclusion: Vulpiuslengthening of the gastrocnemius-soleus complex resulted in a significant increase in ankle extension, a fact that may prevent futureproblems resulting from the shortening of this complex.


Charging services for electric vehicles (EVs) in commercial facilities have become common in recent years. The design of a charging service provided to EVs is an important factor affecting the number of visitors and the rate of revisit for commercial facilities. A major requirement for EV charging services is maintaining fairness for service recipients while supplying chargeable electric power to multiple EVs, even in peak demand situations, to avoid affecting contracted power, which is a dominant factor in utility rates. In this study, the authors propose a charging prioritization scheme that monitors the state of charge (SOC) of multiple EVs. The proposed method explicitly introduces the priority weight as a function of individual SOCs to control the required charge amount per parking time for EVs with relatively high urgency. The relationship between the parameter in the weighting function for prioritization and the charging achievement rate is analyzed by conducting simulation experiments based on a dataset collected at a real-world commercial facility. The results show that the appropriate assignment of the proposed prioritization function allows control of the charging achievement rate of each EV without violating the contracted power of the facility.


The antioxidant potential of the 99% methanolic extract of leaves of Muntingia calabura was assessed by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and total phenolic content was measured by Folin-Ciocalteau (FC) by Singleton and Rossi using Gallic acid and Tannic acid as the calibration standard. Moreover Muntingia calabura leaf extract showed strong reducing power and significant antioxidant activity. In the DPPH radical scavenging assay, the IC50 value of the extract was found to be 22μg/ml. The total phenolic content was measured by Folin-Ciocalteau was found to be 0.903 for Gallic acid when compare to 2.900 for tannic acid.


Through analyzing the features and problem existing in the managing system and operating mechanism of athletic sports in China,the author thinks that,as far as the reserve of sports human resources is concerned,we should establish a developing mode centering on a flat-formed organization and improve managing efficiency.We should also value the function of competitive mechanism in the organizing structure so as to meet the requirement of the managing system and operating mechanism of athletic sports in China in the 21st century.


As the goal of building a moderately prosperous society has entered a critical stage, targeted poverty alleviation plays a pivotal role in winning this battle. Under the guidance of business startups and innovation, college students have become the main force of innovation and entrepreneurship in the society. Fostering college students' innovation and entrepreneurship ability is the key part of talent training program in colleges. It not only helps them to have a good mastery of these skills but also boosts to achieve the target of poverty alleviation on schedule, especially in this critical phase. Thus, to foster college students' innovation and entrepreneurship ability under the background of targeted poverty alleviation, our government should adopt favourable policies for college students, the society should promise an enabling environment. And as the main strength to foster this ability of students, colleges should develop students' innovation awareness, help students establish a targeted sense and strengthen their skills to start up business.


Overdose with calcium channel blockers is often a life-threating condition that is frequently exacerbated by the availability of extended-release preparations with slow drug clearances. In the annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers, calcium channel inhibitor overdose is one of the most deadly poisonings. In addition, calcium channel blockers are highly bound to proteins, making them difficult to remove using standard dialysis techniques. We describe two cases of amlodipine overdose that presented with profound circulatory shock and were treated with the Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System™ (MARS™). In this regard, the authors reviewed other cases reported in the literature to discuss the rationale for using albumin dialysis techniques in the setting of highly protein-bound drug intoxication.


The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of attention on the magnitude and reliability of laterality effects in dichotic target detection. Twenty-five participants completed a dichotic target detection task requiring them to identify the ear to which a target word was presented. Correct left and right responses (LL and RR outcomes, respectively) produced a large and reliable right ear advantage (REA). Participants circled right when the target was presented to the left ear (LR outcomes) more often than they circled left when the target was presented to the right (RL outcomes). A combination of the LL+LR outcomes compared to RR+RL outcomes resulted in a reduced REA. Finally, cases where participants incorrectly responded left or right when the target was absent produced no systematic differences, reflecting the absence of a generalized bias to respond "right." The discussion emphasizes the usefulness of the approach presented here in producing a score that minimizes the attentional component of laterality effects. This study was funded by a grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada to D. Voyer. The authors thank Heather Roxborough for her assistance with data collection and scoring


Abstract. Isroni W, Sari PDW, Sari LA, Daniel K, South J, Islamy RA, Wirabuana PYAP, Hasan V. 2023. Checklist of mangrove snails (Gastropoda: Mollusca) on the coast of Lamongan District, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 1676-1685. Mangroves are crucial transition zone ecosystems providing sheltered nursery zones and abundant marine and terrestrial biota resources. Mangrove snails (Gastropoda: Mollusca) are ecologically important ecosystem engineers, trophic links for higher predators, and a source of human food and livelihoods. Mangrove snails are also ideal bioindicators to monitor environmental pollution. A strong baseline understanding of current richness and distribution is therefore important. Thus, this study provides data on the species composition of mangrove snails on the north coast of Lamongan District, East Java, Indonesia. Sampling was conducted during low tide at four stations from September to November 2022 using square transects. Ten families consisted of Cerithiidae, Cypraeidae, Fasciolariidae, Muricidae, Naticadae, Neritidae, Plaxidae, Potamididae, Trochidae, and Turbinidae comprising 20 genera and 24 species. The most dominant family found is Muricidae, with six genera and eight species. Most mangrove snails were found in rocky, sandy substrates, around trees, and mangrove roots. Gastropods observed in this study were alive and dead (i.e., empty shells). We suspect that there is still much-hidden diversity of Gastropoda in this region. Therefore, we suggest that future work addresses differences in microhabitat and snail morphology with quantitative and semi-quantitative methods to understand distribution drivers and ecological roles better.


Clanis bilineata tsingtauica Mell is one of the explosive pests on soybean production, but it is also a kind of extremely potential resource of protein. In the paper, we reported the temperature effect on the development and life table of the insect populations from two geographical zones. Data were analyzed using pseudo-values, which were produced by jackknife re-sampling. The results showed that: at 19~31°C, the pupa's developmental periods of the population from Hainan were ranged from 18.60 days to 32.67 days and the values of the population from Jiangsu were ranged from 126.46 days to 318.33 days, it also led to the developmental periods of the whole generation of population from Jiangsu were several times longer than that of the population from Hainan. For the both population, the highest survival rates were recorded at 25 ℃(Hainan population:71.42%, Jiangsu population: 90%). The intrinsic rate of increase(rm)value of the Hainan population was the highest at 28 ℃, with a maximum of 1.083 5. Through the test, a promoting population and temperature to increase C. bilineata tsingtauica numbers, which would be useful for its production at large scale for commercialization purpose were found.


Growing points of metaplexis japonica roots were used as explants, and different concentrations of BA, IAA, NAA, 2,4-D, GA, and MS, 1/2 MS or 1/3 MS as the basic culture medium. Bud elongation culture, bud differentiation culture and rooting of vitro seedling were carried out. The results showed that 1/2 MS + IAA 0.2 mg/L was good culture medium for promoting bud of metaplexis japonica elongating and growing; MS+BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L+GA 0.5 mg/L was good for bud differentiation; and 1/3 MS+IAA 0.5 mg/L was good for rooting of vitro seedling of metaplexis japonica.


We apply the sky brightness modelling technique introduced and developed by Roy Garstang to high-resolution satellite measurements of upward artificial light flux carried out with the US Air Force Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Operational Linescan System and to GTOPO30 (a global digital elevation model by the US Geological Survey's EROS Data Centre) digital elevation data in order to predict the brightness distribution of the night sky at a given site in the primary astronomical photometric bands for a range of atmospheric aerosol contents. This method, based on global data and accounting for elevation, Earth curvature and mountain screening, allows the evaluation of sky glow conditions over the entire sky for any site in the world, to evaluate its evolution, to disentangle the contribution of individual sources in the surrounding territory and to identify the main contributing sources. Sky brightness, naked eye stellar visibility and telescope limiting magnitude are produced as three-dimensional arrays, the axes of which are the position on the sky and the atmospheric clarity. We compare our results with available measurements.


Based on the study of status, technical characteristics, progress in the implementation and experiences of NPf IT in United Kingdom, Health Infoway in Canada and NHIN in the United States, the difficulties and the relative policies of building regional medical information sharing system were emphasized. Furthermore, hospital basic information system construction and information security should be also highlighted.


Abstract In this paper we present calculations of the SO(5) quantum rotor theory of high- T c superconductivity in Zeeman magnetic field. We use the spherical approach for five-component quantum rotors in three-dimensional lattice to obtain formula for the specific heat and present temperature dependencies of this quantity for different values of magnetic field. Our results are in qualitative agreement with relevant experiments on high- T c cuprates.


A method, system, and computer program product are disclosed for providing tessellated primitive data to a geometry shader. The method comprises computing a set of tessellated vertices and a computed set of connectivity data based on an original set of vertices and an original set of connectivity data, generating computed vertex data based on the original set of vertices and the set of tessellated vertices, receiving the computed set of connectivity data from a tessellated engine, requesting a subset of the computed vertex data based on the computed set of connectivity data, and processing primitives defined by the subset of the computed vertex data. The system and computer program product are further disclosed for accomplishing a similar result as the aforementioned method.


In Andean Patagonia, Argentina, severe wildfires produce high mortality in Austrocedrus chilensis forests. Owing to its high timber quality, A. chilensis trees are generally salvage logged right after wildfires. Post-logged areas result in open, denuded stands with low herbaceous or shrub cover, which precludes natural A. chilensis regeneration. In severely burned A. chilensis stands, we determined how different site conditions (salvage logging, SL, and without logging, WL), and the combination of different methods of control of above- and belowground competition and micro-environmental factors (incident radiation, soil temperature and soil moisture) affected survival, growth and hydric status of planted A seedlings. Two growing seasons after plantation, seedling survival was lower than 10% at SL sites, whereas it was near 90% at WL sites. Four seasons after establishment, and regardless of competition treatments, no seedlings survived at SL sites, whereas over 75% survived at WL sites. Radiation attenuation by canopy of WL sites benefitted A. chilensis seedling survival, and no additional control of early successional herbaceous species should be necessary to attain high seedling survival 4 years after restoration. Selective logging, by leaving ~50% of burned snags, and active restoration practices, may help reconcile economic needs of society and ecological requirements of A. chilensis for recovering former structure and functions.


Readers are invited to consult Dr. Myers freely through this department as to matters of Child Psychology and Educational Procedures


Objective To compare therapeutic effect on diffuse large B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma between CHOP or ECHOP regimens.Methods 44 cases diffuse large B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were treated in ECHOP or CHOP regimens.Results CHOP regimen 21 cases,the complete remission rate was 38.1%,the overall responsive rate was 71.4%,and 23 cases received ECHOP regimen,the complete remission rate was 39.1%,the overall response rate was 82.6%(P0.05).But the life time of ECHOP regimens was longer than CHOP regimens(P0.01).The main toxicity were myelosuppression,the leukocytopenia rate was 81% in CHOP and 86.9% in ECHOP(P0.05).No fatal toxicity was encountered.Conclusion ECHOP regimen may be more effective than CHOP regimen.ECHOP regimen can be considered as a routine and salvage regimen for diffuse large B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.


In an artificial environment laboratory,simulated was the process of ice covering the surface of a blade of a wind turbine and explored was the influence of the change of the main meteorological parameters(air temperature and relative humidity) on the ice covering the surface of the blade of the wind turbine.The test results show that when the air temperature is in a range from-5 ℃ to-8 ℃,it is most favorable for the water contained in the air to be condensed to ice and the water contained in the air is an important source for icing.At a relative humidity,the lower the temperature and the higher the freezing speed.When the air temperature is kept constant,the icing speed will assume a monotone increment relationship with the relative humidity.When the air temperature and humidity are constant,the longer the icing time duration and the thicker the ice layer.After the freezing time duration has been prolonged,the freezing thickness growth speed assumes a certain slowing-down tendency.


The Halifax Bank of Scotland (HBOS) is the ultimate legal owner of up to 7% of all new trucks over 7.5 tonnes registered in the UK in 2004. The bank argues that vehicle operators and owners of any size are as entitled to access and use data found in CAN-bus (controller area network) multiplex systems as vehicle manufacturers. Manufacturers accept the argument in principle but highlight the risk of safety-critical systems such as anti-lock braking or engine electronic control units being affected. The bank suggests that it is safe to access useful data using the Society of Automotive Engineers SAE J1939 protocol without affecting safety-critical systems. VOSA (Vehicle and Operator Services Agency) would like to use telematics and data from vehicles to target enforcement more effectively. HBOS has proposed fitting of black boxes to trucks to transmit data to a server that VOSA could access. A 'compliance telematics initiative' trial has been set up involving 1000 HBOS-owned trucks. Each vehicle must have CAN-bus multiplex systems and use the industry-standard FMS (Fleet Management System) telematics interface using the SAE J1939 protocol. Responsibility for project management, telemetry and data processing rests with Recall Support Services (to be reconstructed as Airmax Developments).


Meloidogyne mali was originally described in Japan on roots of an apple rootstock (Malus prunifolia) (Itoh et al. 1969) and found on elm trees in Italy, Netherlands, Belgium, France and United Kingdom, and euonymus in the USA (EPPO 2018; Prior et al. 2019). In Italy, the nematode was initially described as a new species, Meloidogyne ulmi, but was later synonymized with M. mali (Ahmad et al., 2013). During the study of Meloidogyne species in Republic of Korea, galled roots were found on Acer palmatum collected in Naejangsan National Park, Republic of Korea located at 35°29'29.1"N, 126°55'42.7"E, altitude 147.8 m. Morphologically, the perineal patterns of the females was very similar to M. mali due to rounded dorsal arch and smooth, finely-spaced, indistinct striae. Lateral field shallow, narrow, and faint. Phasmids large, very distinct. Head region of second-stage juveniles flattened anteriorly to hemispherical, slightly set-off from body, without annulations, low head cap. Stylet slender, sharply pointed cone, cylindrical shaft with rounded knob sloping posteriorly. Tail conoid with irregular, and rounded end. Rectum undilated. Several micrographs were made from 25 J2s and females for mean, standard deviation and range. J2s were measured with a body length: 408.2 ± 25.1 (366-449) µm, maximum body width: 15.9 ± 1.0 (14.1-17.9) µm, stylet length: 14.1 ± 0.5 (13.1-15.3) µm, hyaline tail terminus: 10.0 ± 0.9 (8.3-11.0) µm and tail length: 31.7 ± 3.0 (26.0-36.1) µm. Females (n=25) were characterized by a body length: 656.7 ± 102.7 (516-947) µm, a stylet length: 16.4 ± 2.2 (13.9-19.0) µm, a vulval slit length: 22.2 ± 1.8 (19.8-25.7) µm, and a vulva-anal distance: 20.2 ± 2.4 (17.1-25.4) µm. Morphological measurements and configuration of perineal patterns (Fig. 1S) were comparable to M. mali (Itoh et al. 1969; Ahmed et al. 2013; Gu et al. 2020). To confirm pathogenicity, a modified version of Koch's postulates was conducted in the greenhouse by inoculating 300 eggs from a single egg mass onto each of three, two-year-old A. palmatum plants, grown in sterilized sandy soil. After about one year, symptoms developed on the maple tree roots, with numerous galls containing females and egg masses by visual inspection. In addition, PCR was performed for the 28S rDNA D2-D3 segment and ITS region using the primers D2A, D3B, TW81 and AB28. The resulting sequences (MW522548, MW522549, MW523004 and MW523005) were at least 99% identical to other 28S rDNA D2-D3 segment and ITS region sequences on Genbank (MT406757 and JX978229). The molecular phylogenetic relationships of this species strongly supports M. mali (Fig. 2S). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of M. mali in Republic of Korea. The host range of M. mali includes many species which are of economic importance in fruit trees (e.g. apple, chestnut, fig, mulberry), forestry trees (e.g. elm, maple, oak, Yew), and vegetable crops (e.g. cabbage, carrot, cucumber, eggplant, soybean, watermelon). The potential danger to these economically important plants caused M. mali to be added the EPPO Alert List and also the Quarantine List of the Korean Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency. Additionally, in our survey around the Naejangsan National Park, M. mali was not found on other economically important host crops, such as grapes. Although this nematode was not detected other crops, it requires regular monitoring because it poses a serious threat to the future production of these crops.


Business Communication appears to be following the same paths that led Educa tion, English, and Sociology into their present state of decline: making a subject out of a method, over-analyzing our field, and overstating our importance. We can avoid a similar decline by regarding ourselves as teachers, not research scholars; as creators, not analyzers; and as secondary, not primary.


kings' sagas but also contemporary sagas and even hagiographical narrative. It is therefore a pity that the last and largest of the creative compilations, the monumental and comprehensive Flateyjarbók, is not dealt with separately anywhere in this book and only mentioned in passing a few times. In fact the lively activity of rewriting and rearranging kings' saga material in the fourteenth century is left undiscussed in Chapter 5, and what is more to be deplored, so are altogether the sagas of bishops, apart from a few remarks in the context of contemporary sagas. The excellent new Fornrit-editions of the bulk of these sagas, which are among the most important if one wants to understand the social and intellectual backround to the writing of sagas, ought to have been an inspiration to the author to treat this subgenre on a par with others. In Chapter 6 the author moves closer in on the texts and illustrates her points, such as her well-argued and important concept of "mixed modality," with literary analysis of four saga texts, from three Sagas of Icelanders and one fornaldarsaga. One notes that the examples are taken from the subgenre traditionally most highly estimated as literature and from a fornaldarsaga that many readers would consider one of the most interesting and satisfying works of literature in this group. This choice is of course not accidental, and it shows that although Clunies Ross emphasizes the limitations of previous saga criticism and its evaluatory implications, she is not in any fundamental disagreement with its conclusions. The chapter makes excellent reading and will be very helpful to those who are beginning their saga studies. Chapter 7, "Saga Structures," contains more research history than Chapter 6 and is governed by previous research to the extent that it primarily deals with the Sagas of Icelanders, although structural models originally created to describe these sagas are here also applied to kings' sagas and romances. The two final chapters contain surveys of the preservation of sagas in manuscripts, collection of manuscripts and their edition, and of the reception of the sagas within and outside Iceland. These chapters are useful and important additions to what is found in most previous introductory works. At the end of the book there are a "Glossary of Technical Terms" and a "Guide to Further Reading." The latter is, understandably, quite selective and limited to texts in English with a few exceptions; it would be unfair to begin to list works that one misses, but the "Guide" reminds this reviewer of how important it would be to get an English translation of Gunnar Karlsson's magisterial work Goðamenning (2004). To sum up: an excellent and useful work that gives a fair and balanced introduction to its subject and the state of research in the field. Vésteinn Ólason Stofnun Árna Magnússonar, University of Iceland


In this study, a fully-coupled approach is used to simulate three-dimensional highly-flexible flapping wings interacting with the surrounding fluid flow. In this approach, the elastic body and its interaction with the fluid are implemented as body/surface force terms. In this way, the fluid and solid can be solved by a combined and modified form of typical Navier-Stokes equations. The motion trajectory is defined similarly by adding another bodyforce term using direct-forcing type of Immersed Boundary method. The advantage of solving a combined fluid-solid equation in a global Eulerian framework is that the solution of fluid, solid, and their interaction can be obtained in a monolithic manner and we avoid any sub-step iterations. The current extension of algorithm to three-dimensional configuration is based on our earlier work in two-dimensional setup. After extensive benchmarks in 2D and 3D, rigid and flexible cases, we eventually apply the algorithm on solving three-dimensional flexible flapping wings.


Past and current trends in vaccine refusal indicate that the medical establishment's habit of responding defensively to allegations that vaccines are unsafe may be ineffective. A superior strategy for advocates of vaccines may be to use the current media and information environment to refocus attention to vaccines' effectiveness and necessity.


The nature of the right of expression and the right of reputation in context is different.However,many lawsuits of reputation aiming at the right of expression have occurred.The root of the conflict is not only derived from the conflict of different interests,but also the illegibility of the borderline of the right of reputation,and the absence of the rules of conflicts.The way in theory to settle the problem is to confirm the borderline of the right of reputation,the rules of that conflict,and the correction of the social cognition.


This study investigates the effect of teacher's tea ching experience on the academic performance of secondary school studen s in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) in t he hree senatorial zones of Benue State, Nigeria. The study adapted descriptive research design. A sample of 300 including students a d teachers were randomly drawn from 150 secondary schools, 50 schoo ls fr m each senatorial district through the process of simple r andom sampling technique. An inventory schedule was the instrument used for data collection. 300 questionnaires, two questionnaires per school were administered. 278 (92.67%) questionnaires were retu rn d. Their responses were analyzed through content analysis. F indings reveal that teachers teaching experience significantly inf luenced students'


Summary form only given. Software process improvement (SPI) in small enterprises or business units requires special attention when applying models and standards which usually have been designed from the viewpoint of large organizations. Both the Capability Maturity Model for Software (SW-CMM) and the ISO/IEC 15504 TR-Software Process Assessment (SPICE) can be applied to small organizations. The key issue is what kind of priorities and preferences smaller organizations set for their SPI. The background of this work is a project, which supports small and medium sized software enterprises in software process improvement (SPI). Business needs are examined using SPICE as the framework for software processes and continuous process improvement. "A small company" means any software-producing organization with less than 100 employees. The most common starting point for SPI in a small company is that they have realized the need for process improvement, and have understanding and experience of good practices. On the other hand they do not have an overall view of the company situation and do not know any process models.


The mangabeira latex, plant native from Cerrado, shows biotechnological potential for the development of new drugs. Little is known about the latex productivity and bleeding methods in mangabeira, which is  usually utilized in extractive way for fruit production. Aiming to broaden the knowledge about mangabeira latex production it was evaluated the productivity associated with bleeding methods; environmental conditions; anatomical aspects from the bark and seasonal properties. As results it was observed that the bleeding method commonly used in rubber tree is not appropriated to mangabeira; the most productive bleeding method was using a knife in stalk region. The bark thickness and lactiferous vessels number are associated with latex production. Anatomical analysis showed that the bark in mangabeira is thick and the lactiferous vessels are deeply localized, in this way some superficial bleeding methods are not able to reach the vessels. It was also observed that the increase in environmental temperature has a positive influence on the productivity of latex and that during the fruiting time the latex production is significantly lower. This probably occurs because the plant uses part of the secondary metabolites for fruit formation, which reduced the availability of these metabolites to latex production.


With the rapid development of IT industry, great progress has been made on the hardware technology of x86 platform, and virtualization has become the inevitable trend of the x86 platform. In this paper, the main software architecture of actual x86 platform virtualization is introduced, the key technologies covered by x86 hardware platform aid virtualization are presented, and the virtues of virtualization technology application is analyzed. Finally, the prospect of the virtualization technology is envisaged.


The issue of language and culture is recognized as paramount for the service industry, but has been poorly addressed by the academic literature. Framed within the Social Representation Theory and operationalized with the concept of high- and low- context cultures conceptualized by Hall, this research aims to explore differences in reviews written in different languages. Reviews written in French (high-context) and German (low-context) were analyzed in the original formats using descriptive statistics, automatic text analysis, network data visualization, and technical attribute assessment to seize the differences. This research found comparing to high-context culture, low-context culture reviews have high polarity but low subjectivity. Given the intrinsic differences in polarity and subjectivity between cultures, researchers and practitioners should monitor the changes of sentiments by cultures to reduce the bias resulted from the intrinsic differences. Furthermore, data visualizations show different topics between cultures and offer additional insights of the differences.


This paper analyzes the generation processes of wastewater, the major contaminants and their major sources in beer production. It also introduces the primary biological processing techniques and the trend of development.


This paper presents the changes of crust thickness and Poisson's ratios distribution in the Binchuan region, where the first air-gun transmitting station and it's a small dense array were deployed. From September 2011 to January 2014, more than 239 teleseismic events of M ≥ 6.0 were recorded in 16 stations in the Binchuan region. Their P-wave receiver functions were analyzed respectively. The high spatial resolution result shows that the average crust thickness of Binchuan region is 45.3km, it follows the rule of 'deeper in the north and east part, shallower in the south and west part.' The deepest region is in Xiaoyindian Station; the crust thickness is 47.9km; the shallowest region is in Paiying Station, it has the thickness of 42.1km. It shows that the deeper Moho surface nearby the Chenghai fault and shallower nearby the Honghe fault; the isoline distribution of thickness changes greatly nearby the Chenghai fault and slowly nearby the Honghe fault. From the distribution of Poisson's ratios, it is unevenly in the study area with a great difference from the north part to the south part, which shows a characteristic of 'lower in the north, higher in the south'. The Poisson's ratio nearby the Honghe fault is medium too high (0.26 ≤ σ ≤ 0.29); lower nearby the Chenghai fault ( σ ≤ 0.26). This paper concludes the possible reason of different characteristic between Poisson's ratio and crust thickness is thicker in the upper crust in the Binchuan region.


: The Common Core State Standards (CCSS) create new common ground for high school – college collaborations through emphasis on expository writing in English language arts (ELA) and writing in content areas across the curriculum. This article, written collaboratively by a composition-rhetoric scholar and a secondary education leadership scholar who together directed Bridgewater State University's WAC program, further explores the CCSS in relation to WAC, discusses why WAC programs in higher education should seek to create venues for conversation among secondary teachers and college faculty, and shares several programs facilitated by the WAC program at Bridgewater State University that seek to open and sustain such conversations.


Rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV) is one of the causal viruses of tungro, the most important virus disease of rice in South and Southeast Asia. RTSV assists in the semipersistent transmission of rice tungro bacillif orm virus (RTBV) which causes symptoms6,8,10). RTSV contains a single-stranded RNA molecule7,9) and is limited to phloem tissues of infected plants3,13). In purification of phloem-limited viruses, pectino-cellulolytic enzymes have been used to improve the virus yield14). Driselase2,12) and Celluclast9) were used for the purification of RTSV. Gel electrophoresis of RTSV preparations obtained using enzyme treatment revealed two major bands of 35 kDa and 26 kDa and a minor band of 37 kDa9), whereas two protein bands of 25 kDa and 24 kDa was reported for the sample prepared without enzyme treatment7). We analyzed the coat proteins of RTSV by immunoblotting after partial purification using different enzyme treatments. This study revealed the degradation of coat


The status of the flue gas desulfurization in the Shanghai power plants was introduced.The selection of the desulfurization technology and the efficiency of the desulfurization were analyzed.It elucidated that the characters and limit of the limestone wet process which was used in the flue gas desulfurization in China.It also discussed the necessity and feasibility that built the marketable pollution permits,some questions and precautionary measure of the flue gas desulfurization equipments were put forward.


Study of the structure, combined pathology of the kidneys and the digestive system of non-microbial etiology are researched in this article. A survey of 120 children with oxalate nephropathy was conducted. The age of children from 3 to 14 years are examined. All children underwent general clinical studies, biochemical analysis of blood and urine, EFGDS, ultrasound of the abdominal organs and kidneys, a study of feces for dysbiosis. When oxalate nephropathy revealed a high frequency of combination of pathology of the gastrointestinal tract. The most common pathologies of the digestive tract, which was detected in children with oxalate nephropathy, are: chronic gastritis (32%), biliary tract dysfunction (56%), duodenal ulcer (3%), and chronic enterocolitis (9%). Impaired bowel function, in the form of dysbiosis, was detected in 65.3% of children with oxalate nephropathy.


Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a significant public health issue and a leading cause of mortality. Due to the limited efficacy of current treatment options, neuromodulation therapies such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) have been explored. However, not all patients experience improvements in depressive symptoms from rTMS, and the reasons for this are not clear. The goal of this study is to contrast functional changes in responders versus non-responders over a single course of treatment. rTMS was administered to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L-DLPFC) during 5 sessions per week for four weeks. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings were acquired before, during and after treatment in order to make longitudinal assessments. Power spectral density (PSD) analysis revealed differences in γ band activity that were related to the degree of clinical response. These results suggest that cortical activity measured using MEG could act as an objective measure of anti-depressive response.


Cervical cancer ranks as the 2nd most frequent cause of cancer in women. Research demonstrates that infection with the human papilloma virus (HPV) leads to cervical cancer. The clinical HPV lesion in both sexes is the pointed wart like tumor called condyloma acuminatum. Detecting subclinical lesions varies, however, based on the genital organ and on the methods of examination. Several types of HPV infect anogenital epithelia and the resultant disease is partially determined by HPV type. In vitro methods to detect HPV do not exist, so laboratory personnel must depend on biochemical diagnostic procedures--molecular hybridization and serological procedures. HPV lesions, especially HPV- 16 and HPV-18, may turn into carcinomas depending on the activation or inactivation of some unknown genes perhaps influenced by tobacco smoking, oral contraceptives, other genital infections, or other unknown cofactors. Clinicians need to realize the potential gravity of HPV infection including the pathogenesis of lesions and its transmission through sexual contact. They must also be able to perform those diagnostic procedures that can detect HPV infection. Treatment of HPV lesions (e.g., cryosurgery, cautery, etc.) aims to either cure a repulsive, infectious, yet uncomplicated condition or prevent invasive cancer if HPV is connected with intraepithelial neoplasia. The results of the few well controlled studies of treatment of anogenital HPV- induced lesions show that 15-60% of lesions return with 3 months of treatment. Researchers must discover if humoral immunity can protect against HPV infection, and if it can, a vaccine using purified structural proteins should quickly be developed and approved.


This paper presents an overview of using a single semantic data model (HELIOLIB) and science data analysis code base (MIDL) throughout all phases of a spacecraft mission from integration and testing to archive submission. By using a single code base to create both ground support software and analysis software, we reduce costs and increase the integrity of the final science data product. The detailed, error-prone task of decoding telemetry is coded only once, and is tested early in the instrument development cycle. Not only does this result in better science telemetry processing later on, but can also reveal instrument or data design issues while the instrument is still on the ground. The telemetry processing code is then encapsulated within a data model that allows the code to be used as a pluggable reader module within science analysis tools. The daily use of these tools (MIDL) by instrument scientists helps validate the code. Final archive products can then be created with the same code base (same jar file even), ensuring that the quality of the archive products is as good as the data used routinely by the instrument team.


A common problem for hands‐free voice terminals and for smart antennas in future mobile communication systems is to optimize the directional response of an array of microphones or antennas in order to enhance the signal‐to‐noise‐and‐interference ratio (SINR). Digital beamforming (DBF) algorithms are commonly used for spatial filtering, which effectively results in more benign channel characteristics with reduced interference and delay spread. A new constrained beamforming (CBF) algorithm is presented which allows optimum beam steering and interference cancellation for arbitrarily spaced directions for signals‐of‐interest (SOI) as well as for interfering waveforms. The proposed CBF combines the properties of the Bartlett and the Capon beamformer [L. C. Godara, ''Application of antenna arrays to mobile communications, Part II: Beam‐forming and direction of arrival considerations, Proc. of the IEEE 85, 1193–1245 (1997)] while maintaining minimum power requirements. It is shown that the result can be interpre...


The larval development of Symphurus williamsi Jordan and Cul- ver, 1895 (Cynoglossidae: Pleuronecti- formes) is described from 69 specimens from the Gulf of California, Mexico. Di- agnostic characteristics used to identify larvae of this species are 3-5 pigment spots situated on the dorsal region of the body of the base of the pterygio- phore of the dorsal fin and 3-4 pigment spots on the ventral region of the body on the base of the pterygiophore of the anal fin. In early stages, a pigment is present on the base of each anal-fin ray. These pigments also appear at the bases of the dorsal-fin rays in the pos- terior third of the dorsal fin. The first three dorsal-fin rays are elongated in larvae less than 11.2 mm body length.


We update the upper bound on the lightest CP-even Higgs mass in the NMSSM, which is given as a function of tan β and λ. It is pointed out that large values of tan β, with λ not too small, imply a large value for the MSSM-like parameter MA. We include the available one- and two-loop corrections to the NMSSM Higgs masses, and constraints from the absence of Landau singularities below the GUT scale as well as from the stability of the NMSSM Higgs potential. For mtop varying between 171.4 and 178 GeV, squark masses of 1 TeV and maximal mixing the upper bound is assumed near tan β ~ 2 and varies between 139.9 and 141.4 GeV.


A novel application of Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) to a workforce context is presented. The DoDAF 2.02 metamodel (DM2) and associated architectural views are used to communicate key workforce information and relationships. This is implemented through a model‐centric system engineering methodology that ensures a common language, traceability, rationale and data integrity. Preliminary results indicate benefits to multiple stakeholders from organisational leaders to human resource professionals. Decisions relating to workforce design, development and realignment can be based on better understanding of interdependencies and traceability to organisational objectives.


The China Bohai Sea region (BER) is a typical multi-gateway ports region. Peripheral ports compete with hub ports for overlapping hinterland. Therefore, the connection with hinterland in these ports affects the competitiveness of the peripheral ports. In this paper, growth and market profile of the peripheral ports was firstly discussed in this paper, and then regression analysis was developed on hinterland connection in these two regions. To conclude, the method was outlined that could enhance the accessibility to hinterland, thus improving the overall competitiveness of such multi-gateway ports regions.


The invention relates to a ceria-based denitration catalyst and a preparation method thereof. The catalyst takes anatase titanium dioxide as a carrier, cerium oxide as a main active component and tungsten trioxide as an auxiliary agent having the synergistic effect, and the catalyst is expressed as CeO2-WO3/TiO2. The preparation method comprises the steps of: dissolving oxalate into deionized water to prepare oxalate solution; adding ammonium paratungstate into the oxalate solution for heating in a water bath to prepare transparent solution; dissolving cerous nitrate into the oxalate solution to prepare mixed solution; dripping the mixed solution into the transparent solution to prepare solution with flocculent precipitates; adding titanium dioxide powder into the solution with the flocculent precipitates for stirring and heating in a water bath to prepare slurry; and performing ultrasonic immersing, drying and calcination on the slurry to prepare the CeO2-WO3/TiO2 catalyst. The catalyst can purify oxynitride under the high-sulfur, high-dust and high-temperature environment, and can reduce cost and improve use safety.


In this paper we propose a new method for dynamic analysis of EEG signals. Multiresolution decomposition is used to investigate the transition of clinical EEG signals. Wavelet packet transformation is investigated for designing filters with different frequency characteristics in order to detect different kinds of EEG rhythms. Real EEG signals with different brain function states are tested and analyzed. It is shown from the experimental results that the dynamic characteristics of clinical brain electrical activities can be demonstrated by using the wavelet transformation. The method presented in this paper also proposes a new way for the analysis of other biomedical signals.


In this paper we present an ontology-based approach to support interoperability in interorganizational applications. The ontology contains knowledge, coming from several organizations, structured in different layers to support its effective use and communication. The proposed approach has been experimented in the framework of the Italian VISPO (Virtual district Internet-based Service PlatfOrm) project.


Electrochemical 2-chlorophenol and 2,6-dichlorophenol removal from aqueous solutions using porous carbon felt anodes was investigated. Operating variables including current input, ratio between electrode and solution volumes, and initial pollutant concentration were considered in order to determine their influence on the faradic efficiency of the process. The byproducts of the oxidation reaction were identified, and their concentration was determined during the electrolysis. The experimental results showed that a satisfactory detoxification, consisting of removal of cyclic chlorinated compounds, could be accomplished by means of this electrochemical method with a faradic efficiency of 30% under optimized conditions. A mathematical model based on the reaction between chlorophenols adsorbed on the carbon fibers of the electrode and hydroxyl radicals produced by anodic oxidation of water has been proposed in order to interpret the experimental behavior of the system under different operating conditions.


It has recently been shown (Staniforth and Wood 2003, hereafter referred to as SW03; Wood and Staniforth 2003) that deep (and shallow) atmospheres of Ž nite extent are only guaranteed to conserve energy and axial angular momentum globally if a rigid lid (Ž xed in time and space but allowed to vary with latitude) upper boundary condition is applied. Otherwise energy is not conserved: in particular it is not an invariant of the system. Elastic isobaric upper lids (i.e. specifying the lid to be an isobaric surface) are, however, popular (e.g. Laprise and Girard 1990) and have merit. The presence of global invariants provides a constraint on the system which can be useful when designing effectivenumerical schemes. An energy-like invariant is known to exist for shallow hydrostatic atmospheres with an elastic isobaric lid (e.g. Kasahara 1974; Laprise and Girard 1990; Cullen and Davies 1991; Arakawa and Konor 1996; Yeh et al. 2002). In this note, a generalization of this invariant is derived which (i) is valid independently of whether the atmosphere is assumed deep or shallow, and hydrostatic or non-hydrostatic; and (ii) subsumes previous shallow-atmosphereenergy-like invariants in the atmospheric literature. The outline is as follows. Results of SW03, regarding the critical role played by the choice of upper boundary in determining the presence or otherwise of energy and axial angular momentum conservation principles, are Ž rst reviewed (section 2) for both deep and shallow atmospheres. For a Ž nite elastic upper boundary, for which energy conservation does not hold, an energy-like invariant, valid for both deep and shallow atmospheres, is then derived in section 3. This is linked (in section 4) to other energy-like invariants that have appeared in the literature for shallow atmospheres. Finally, a summary and conclusions are given in section 5.


The thesis in the theoretical part defines the structure of the municipal security system, the location and the role of the camera system in the town, then it deals with generally selected types of safety in the municipal environment and with methods of monitoring by camera devices. The practical part contains the security analysis of the selected municipal environment, rating of efficiency of the camera system placement and designing the effective and cost-effective way of the camera system placement in the particular municipal environment.


To determine the prevalence of exclusive and 'any breastfeeding' at six months in rural Western Australia and to identify the predictors of exclusive and 'any breastfeeding' duration up to 12 months.


The entire set of Seasat A satellite Scatterometer (SASS) wind speed observations, Us, colocated with the buoy measurements of the wind speed Ub and wave height H1/3 is analyzed. The "error" Ub - Us is found to be influenced by the degree of wind-wave coupling. This coupling is quantified employing the ratio of the wave-to-wind energy densities: X ∼ ρwg〈ζ2〉/ρaUb2. For the special case of a fetch-limited wave growth, X is shown to coincide with the wind fetch. It is found that when the coupling is weak, i.e., at large X, the SASS tends to overestimate the wind speed, and vice versa. The magnitude of the trend is evaluated roughly as 0.5 m/s per 100 km of X. The increased radar backscatter at large X is explained by invoking the concept (due to V. Zakharov and his collaborators) of a Kolmogorov equilibrium range appearing in wave spectra of sufficiently developed seas when the wind input is concentrated at high frequencies. In this extreme case, the surface density of steep wavelet occurrence would be at its highest owing to a pronounced cascade pattern in the surface geometry. The fractal dimension DH of such an idealized surface is estimated to be about 2.333. Further, it is suggested that DH for a general case is a function of sea maturity. Finally, it is concluded that both the probability and the surface density of steep wavelet events are increasing functions of X. A major implication with respect to the electromagnetic scattering is that the so-called spike component of the backscattering coefficient, formed from the individual radar returns caused by the steep and/or breaking wavelets, is controlled primarily by the large-scale features of surface geometry, hence by such nonlocal factors of the wave development as the wind fetch.


Incorporating renewable monomers derived from vanillic acid (VA) and syringic acid (SyA) into a polymer system will, in addition to reducing the amount of non-renewable feedstock necessary, alter the physical properties of the resultant polymer so that it can be better tailored to suit a speci c need. First, a catalyst to optimize melt polymerization of 1,4-diacetoxybenzene (HQ), 4-acetoxybenzoic acid (BA), and dodecanedioic acid (DA) was determined. Acetylation of VA and SyA was necessary to produce compatible monomers. Then, two series of polymers based on HQ, BA, DA, and acetylated vanillic acid (AVA) or acetylated syringic acid (ASyA) were prepared by melt polycondensation. The polymers were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (H NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), polymer end-group titration (PEGT), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), di erential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Changes in the amount and form of methoxy moieties, from the incorporation of AVA and ASyA, altered the thermal properties of the copolyester which could be applied to the development of better tailored products. The resulting aromatic/aliphatic copolyesters are resistant to typical organic solvents.


www.spectroscopyeurope.com Introduction The goal of building a multivariate calibration model is to predict a chemical or physical property from a set of predictor variables, e.g. analyte concentration or octane number from a near infrared (NIR) spectrum. A good multivariate calibration model should be able to replace the laborious, possibly imprecise reference method. The quality of a model therefore primarily depends on its predictive ability. Other properties such as interpretability of the model coefficients might also be of interest, but here the focus is on the problem of quantifying the predictive ability. Note that this problem is solved for univariate calibration based on leastsquares straight-line fitting because standard expressions can be used to calculate prediction intervals (Figure 1). Unfortunately, multivariate calibration is much more complex owing to the richer data structures involved and the large variety of estimation procedures available. Here we will restrict ourselves to model building using partial least squares regression (PLSR), since it is the de facto standard in chemometrics. Because generally agreed expressions for multivariate prediction intervals do not exist, one usually combines the observed prediction errors for an independent test set in a standard error of prediction (SEP). This summary statistic is then used as an approximation of the standard deviation of the prediction error for all future prediction samples. However, this average prediction error estimate cannot be used to construct prediction intervals as displayed in Figure 1 for the obvious reason that it is a constant. Recently, important advances have been reported with respect to estimation of multivariate SEP. A clear distinction can be made in terms of their intended scope: while DiFoggio and Sørensen improve estimation of SEP on the global set level, Fernández Pierna et al. claim to achieve this on the individual sample level. The latter contribution can therefore be seen as an attempt to reduce the gap between univariate and multivariate calibration methodology. The purpose of the current paper is to illustrate the internal consistency of these contributions. This consistency directly follows from a comparison of relatively simple mathematical formulae. The main point to be learned from these formulae is the confusing role of the uncertainty in the reference values used for model building and testing.


This note describes a procedure for measuring the pseudorapidity density distribution of charged particles, based on the tracklets reconstructed with the silicon pixel layers. Results on proton-proton Monte Carlo samples are presented.


In this paper, we present some properties through two two-level atoms interacting with a two-mode quantized cavity field. We study this system in the presence of detuning parameter, Kerr nonlineari...


No print subscriptions to AGU journals will be available after 2010. Since 2002, when the electronic journal was made the version of record, it was clear that the day would come when the print version would be unsustainable.

First, the printed version would increasingly differ from the electronic one. One of AGU's goals for the conversion to electronic delivery was to take the journal beyond the printed page. More authors are taking advantage of the ability to use animations, video, and even interactive material—none of which can be part of the printed journal. Also, more authors are choosing to have color only in the electronic journal.


Two experiments were performed using male rats. (Winstar Strain, 300 gm.) Dorsal cutaneous nerves were cut from approximately T1 0 through T1 3. The denerved tissue was identified in 0.65 cm2/squares and counted.


This research is proposed to find out whether or not there is any difference of import and export agriculture, forest and fishing before and after the implementation Asean-China Free Trade Area at West Java Province-Indonesia. Sampling technique of this research is that total of import and export of agriculture, forest and fishing at West Java Province-Indonesia since January 2007- to 2012. Data source was taken from Central Bank of Indonesia at Jalan Braga Bandung. Data analysis technique used paired t-test run by SPSS. Based on the result of analysis, it can be concluded that the implementation of ASEAN-China Free Trade Area have no impact toward import performance of agriculture, forest and fishing before and after the implementation. The total export of agriculture, forest and fishing shows declining after the implementation of Asean-China Free Trade Area where the total of export is significantly smaller anter the implementation of Asean-China Free Trade Area. The implementation of Asean-China Free Trade Area is an disadvantage to West Java Province, it is because declining of exports while the imports is still the same. Key words: import, export, free trade, ASEAN, China


We study electrically small chiral objects with isotropic response and zero backscattering. A bi-isotropic sphere is used as a simple example and its zero-backscattering conditions are studied. A theoretical model of an object composed of three orthogonal chiral particles made of conducting wire is presented as an analog of the zero-backscattering bi-isotropic sphere. A potential application of the object as a receiving antenna or a sensor with the ability to receive power from an arbitrary direction without backscattering is discussed.


An ultraviolet nitrogen laser with a double transverse discharge was provided with an efficient cooling of the gas by heat transfer to the walls. This made it possible to dispense with a rapid flow of the gas. The same cooling method should be suitable for laser systems with an average output power of ~1–10 W. An output exceeding 0.5 W was obtained experimentally at gas flow rates of <0.3 liter/sec.


Summary Changes in milk production and handling practices of recent years have altered the types and behavior of bacteria in milk. There is a need for reappraisal of bacteriological tests currently in use. With growth of bacteria in raw milk virtually eliminated by efficient cooling, tests applied to the freshly taken sample are not always effective in detecting faulty production practices. Encouraging the growth of contaminants prior to testing increases the utility of the tests. Longer refrigerated storage of pasteurized products is focussing attention on post-pasteurization contamination with psychrophiles. Here again, tests on freshly taken samples are much less useful than those made after these organisms have been encouraged to develop in the product. Tests for specific groups of bacteria as indices of carelessness in production and processing probably will grow in importance. Coliform tests will have greater usefulness as efficient cooling hinders the growth of these organisms in raw milk, and as their significance in pasteurized milk is more fully appreciated. More emphasis on udder health may also be expected.


Abnormal embryological developments of the great thoracic veins are rare in particularly the duplication of superior vena cava (SVC) or left persistant superior vena cava. It can be incidentally discovered in the adult during chest radiologic imaging, per operatively or after catheter insertion. A 31-year-old male patient presented to the hospital with recurrent pulmonary infection and hemoptysis. Clinical examination revealed reduced percussion note and breath sounds over the base of the left hemithorax. Chest-X-ray revealed atelectasis of the left lower pulmonary lobe. Computed tomography (CT) of the thorax showed a mass of the left lower lobe (Figure: 1A), with presence of a left superior vena cava associated to a normal right superior vena cava (Figure: 1B). Bronchoscopy revealed an endobronchial bleeding rounded mass at the left lower bronchus, biopsy specimen of the mass and pathological report confirmed the diagnosis of carcinoid tumor. The patient underwent posterolateral thoracotomy, we noted a persistent Left superior vena cava that ends cross-sectionally directly into the atria not through the coronary sinus (CS). (Figure: 1C) peropertively the tumor did have no adherence or contact with the abnormal vena and no other cardiac or extra cardiac anomalies were noted. We performed a left lower lobectomy with lymphadenectomy (Figure: 1D). The pathological analysis of the specimen concluded a diagnosis of typical carcinoid tumor. The postoperative period was uneventful The incidence of double SVC in general population is <0.5% whereas in patients with congenital heart disease it varies between 10–11%. In the most cases the leftsided SVC persists with the physiologic right-sided SVC but Hagans et al. report a duplicate superior vena cava with interrupted inferior vena cava in a single patient. The diagnosis of these abnormality is important for the differential diagnosis from mediastinal syndrome (tumor, widened mediastinum) and to prevent per-operative incidents. Declaration of conflicting interests


This chapter explores the influence of the Oxford Movement on early Pre-Raphaelitism and reveals how Christina Rossetti uses the Brotherhood's aesthetic to inform and disseminate Tractarian theology through the late nineteenth-century. Showcasing how her poetry engages dialogically with the writings of the leaders of the Oxford Movement in London, the second half of the chapter proposes a fresh consideration of her as a key participant in the maturation of Tractarianism.


ABSTRACT In the early years of the twenty-first century, the UK government stressed the importance of working in "partnership" with communities in England and Wales in seeking just outcomes for policies not to defend some coastal areas from the sea in the longer term. Whilst government acknowledged that some communities would need support if they were to contribute to policy decisions, a critical reading of policy statements and academic literature suggests dissonance between government prescription and the attitudes of citizens towards coastal change, their propensity and willingness to make representation through collective action and their experiences of engagement with authority in this context. Policy rhetoric underlined the importance of communities participating directly in decision-making processes. However, promises of participation were only partially fulfilled in planning exercises covering Selsey and the Isle of Sheppey in southern England – the core of this study. The availability of resources to communities seeking influence over decisions was a significant factor in the effectiveness of community representation. Whilst the authorities may have the capacities to open deliberative processes to non-traditional actors, major exercises were structured to exclude direct representation, were impermeable to some discourses and failed to deliver the promise of participation enshrined in relevant policy statements. Video abstract Read the transcript Watch the video on Vimeo


A new statistical image enhancement technique has been proposed for improving JPEG image decoding. The technique reduces blocking artifacts introduced by the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) used by JPEG, and improves overall image quality. A Bayesian approach is used to encode prior information about how we think an image should look, using it to better infer what the " correct " image should be. The prior information comes in the form of: 1) the prior probability distributions of the DCT coefficients, 2) the constraints imposed on the DCT coefficients by quantisation and 3) information about continuity at block edges. Since this is a decoding algorithm it will work with already compressed images. The prior distributions of the DCT coefficients were learned from real images and modelled using Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs). Continuity was encoded by learning a distribution of the error between the extrapolated DCT basis functions (our prediction) and the ground-truth border-pixels for each 8x8 block, again modelled by GMMs. An optimal set of DCT coefficients is then obtained by using a standard scaled conjugate gradient search to minimise the negative log likelihood. Initial investigations were carried out on 8x8 patches, later progressing to larger regions. To avoid the need for an iterative scheme the ground-truth border-pixels of the patches were used as " targets " for improving continuity, since they can be fixed throughout the optimisation. A final investigation was carried out using a checkerboard iterative scheme on a region of 3x3 blocks which used the border-pixels of partially optimised neighbouring blocks rather than the ground-truth pixels. Visually, good results were obtained and compared to Gaussian, Wiener and median filter methods.


Objective
To investigate the effect of microRNA (miRNA, miR)-10a on the expression of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in ventricular remodeling after myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.

Methods
Forty-five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham operation group A (sham operation group, n=15) and myocardial ischemia reperfusion group (n=30). Rats in myocardial ischemia reperfusion group were inflicted by ligating the left anterior descending coronary of rats. After 24 h, 30 survived rats were randomly divided into group B (myocardial ischemia reperfusion group, n=15) and group C (miR-10a group, n=15). Rats in group C were treated with miR-10a agomirs (80 mg/kg body weight) by tail intravenous injection for 4 weeks, and those in group A and group B were treated with negative control reagents. The expression of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) mRNA was detected by Real-time PCR method respectively. The content of BNP was examined by Western blotting.

Results
After 4 weeks, the relative expression of HDAC2 mRNA in groups A, B and C was 6.58±0.23×10-5, 14.29±2.16×10-5, and 10.11±1.55×10-5 respectively. Left ventricular mass index was 2.10±0.26, 2.61±0.11, and 2.41±0.12 respectively in groups A, B and C. As compared with group B and group C, the expression of HDAC2 mRNA and BNP in the myocardial ischemia reperfusion zone and left ventricular mass index in group A were significantly increased (P< 0.05). The expression of HDAC2 mRNA and BNP in the myocardial ischemia reperfusion zone and left ventricular mass index in group C were significantly higher than those in group B (P< 0.05).

Conclusion
miR-10a may improve ventricular remodeling after myocardial ischemia reperfusion in rats via inhibiting the expression of HDAC2 mRNA.

Key words:
MicroRNA-10a; Histone deacetylase 2; Brain natriuretic peptide; Myocardial ischemia; Reperfusion injury; Myocardial remodeling


The invention relates to a preparation method of a pharmaceutical composition preparation treating apoplexy sequelae. The method includes volatile oil extraction and inclusion, ethanol extraction, water extraction, medicinal fine powder crushing, preparation molding and other steps. Compared with traditional preparations, the medication compliance of patients can be improved obviously. Under the premise of retaining original preparation efficacy, the pharmaceutical preparation prepared by the method provided in the invention can realize rapid absorption, effective components can intensively reach nidi to take fast effect, and the bioavailability is high. The pharmaceutical preparation prepared by the method disclosed in the invention has improved efficacy.


nominals are identical with simple nouns. Rarely, however, they can be derived by prefixation, reduplication and modification: (30) sit 'man' sin 'manhood' warr 'child' warrwarr 'childhood' noko 'kind' ninoko 'kindness' 3.5 The Passive The passive is marked by the prefix baas in the following examples. (31) Active Passive Ωa 'eat' ma-ba-l-Ωa PS-PASS-3MS-eat 'was eaten' s'it 'catch' ma-ba-l-s'it PS-PASS-3MS-catch 'was caught' t'op' 'drink' ma-ba-l-t'op' PS-PASS-3MS-drink 'was drank' gi 'work' ma-ba-l-gi PS-PASS-3MS-work 'was worked' k'uΩ 'kill' ma-ba-l-k'uΩ PS-PASS-3MS-kill 'was killed' k'obo 'cut' ma-ba-l-k'obo PS-PASS-3MS-cut 'was cut' t'uΩ 'tie' ma-ba-l-t'uΩ PS-PASS-3MS-tie 'was tied' Gwama passive verbs have a TN + PASS + SUBJ + VERB structural pattern. (32) u-muzu ma-balΩa. u-bwaΩa mabalk'uΩ. the banana PS-PASS-3MS-eat the snake PS-PASS-3MS-kill 'The banana was eaten.' 'The snake was killed.' sitkoboΩ ma-bals'it. bas's' ma-balt'op'. the thief PS-PASS-3MS-catch milk PS-PASS-3MS-drink 'The thief was caught.' 'The milk was drank.' 3.6 The Reflexive The reflexive is shown by the possessive pronouns (see section 3.1.3) attached to the noun k'uup 'head'. (33) ga k'uup-a-na I head-POSS-my 'I myself' ik k'uup-a-ke you head-POSS-your 'you yourself' hall k'uup-a-dal he head-POSS-his 'he himself' hap'p' k'uup-a-dab she head-POSS-her 'she herself' ma k'uup-a-ma we head-POSS-our 'we ourselves' um k'uup-a-kum you head-POSS-your 'you yourself' hun k'uup-a-kun they head-POSS-their 'they themselves'


of functional of iodine monolayer on Bi 2 3 film, intrinsic Dirac electronic in Bi 2 Se 3 , a of Dirac cones in the system that cannot be attributed to the Rashba effect. The presented results extend the discussion on the proximity effect observed previously at a topological/non-topological interface. the adlayer induced topological feature below the Fermi level to ful fi l the requirement that the number of occupied topological features in a strong topological insulator must be odd. Conclusions : As discussed by Shoman et al., [37] some aspects of the adsorbed TI electronic structure can be explained by a topological proximity effect where, due to spin-dependent hybridization of the states, a substrate topological feature migrates to an adsorbate. We observe that the adsorption of monolayer of iodine on Bi 2 Se 3 induces: 1) a very little substrate modi fi cation with no evidence of interface hybridization and 2) three new DCs (two are associated with the adlayer and one within the substrate) in addition to the original substrate DC. We conclude, therefore, that the topological proximity effect in case of weak hybridization may result in additional topological features induced in both the substrate and the adlayer satisfying the requirement that the total number of occupied topological features in a strong topological insulator must be odd.


The disclosure relates to the use of homopolymers of propylene or copolymers of propylene with C2-C10-alk-1-enes obtainable by polymerisation of appropriate monomers with metallocene catalysts to produce a biaxially aligned single- or multi-layered polypropylene film.


Vector time series data are widely met in practice. In this paper we propose a multivariate functional-coefficient regression model with heteroscedasticity for modelling such data. A local linear smoother is employed to estimate the unknown coefficient matrices. Asymptotic normality of the proposed estimators is established, and bandwidth selection is considered. To deal with the co-integration commonly observed in financial markets, we propose an error-corrected multivariate functional-coefficient model. Simulations show that our proposed estimation procedures capture nonlinear structures of coefficients well. Analysis of United States interest rates illustrates the proposed methods.


This paper addresses the problem of multiuser detection in multipath fading code-division multiple-access (CDMA) channels with non-Gaussian noise. A robust multipath decorrelator is proposed to mitigate the multiple-access interference and the multipath interference, and to ameliorate non-Gaussian ambient noise. The performance of the proposed multiuser detector is assessed via computer simulations and compared with that of the linear multipath decorrelator and with that of the maximum-likelihood detector designed under the assumption of perfect knowledge of the channel fading coefficients.


Abstract In this study, a semi-varying coefficient error-in-variable model with surrogate data and validation sample is proposed. Without specifying any error structure, we firstly use the local linear kernel smoothing technique to define the estimators and the proposed estimators are proved to be asymptotically normal. Then, we conduct generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) test on varying coefficient function. The data–driven bandwidth selection method is discussed. Finally, simulated studies are conducted to illustrate the finite sample properties of the proposed estimators and efficiency of the GLR methodology.


Objectives: The aim of this study was to adapt and assess the value of a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) framework (EVIDEM) for the evaluation of Orphan drugs in Catalonia (Catalan Health Service). Methods: The standard evaluation and decision-making procedures of CatSalut were compared with the EVIDEM methodology and contents. The EVIDEM framework was adapted to the Catalan context, focusing on the evaluation of Orphan drugs (PASFTAC program), during a Workshop with sixteen PASFTAC members. The criteria weighting was done using two different techniques (nonhierarchical and hierarchical). Reliability was assessed by re-test. Results: The EVIDEM framework and methodology was found useful and feasible for Orphan drugs evaluation and decision making in Catalonia. All the criteria considered for the development of the CatSalut Technical Reports and decision making were considered in the framework. Nevertheless, the framework could improve the reporting of some of these criteria (i.e., "unmet needs" or "nonmedical costs"). Some Contextual criteria were removed (i.e., "Mandate and scope of healthcare system", "Environmental impact") or adapted ("population priorities and access") for CatSalut purposes. Independently of the weighting technique considered, the most important evaluation criteria identified for orphan drugs were: "disease severity", "unmet needs" and "comparative effectiveness", while the "size of the population" had the lowest relevance for decision making. Test–retest analysis showed weight consistency among techniques, supporting reliability overtime. Conclusions: MCDA (EVIDEM framework) could be a useful tool to complement the current evaluation methods of CatSalut, contributing to standardization and pragmatism, providing a method to tackle ethical dilemmas and facilitating discussions related to decision making.