The degradation of a reactive blue 4 dye in acidic solution has been compared using electrochemical reduction and oxidation at reticulated vitreous carbon electrode (RVC) and Ti/SnO2/SbOx (3%mol)/RuO2 (30%mol) electrodes and photo–Fenton method under UV irradiation. The reduction of RB4 dye at –0.6 V on RVC electrode results in 50% of color removal and up to 64% of TOC removal. The direct oxidation of RB4 dye at +1 V on RVC promotes only the oxidation of amine group and there is no color removal. On SnO2 electrode, 58% TOC was removed and the decolorization is around 100 % after 1 hour of electrolysis at 2.4 V indicating good efficiency. Best performance was obtained by photo-Fenton method that indicates 80% elimination of TOC and 100% of color removal but the method requires oxidant addition and time of rest to remove the generated residues.


I develop a game-theoretic model in which the state first allocates limited resources across defensive and offensive security measures, simultaneously choosing whether to attempt forceful elimination of the group. The group subsequently chooses whether to use terrorism or attempt to take territory via guerrilla tactics. The results suggest that states most capable of fighting groups with territorial objectives experience the highest levels of terrorism. Under weak conditions, states always allocate their resources to deter groups from carrying out guerrilla attacks. Accordingly, when it is possible for both guerrilla and terrorist attacks to be optimal for a group, states allocate resources to ensure a terrorist campaign, even though this (mis)allocation facilitates more costly terrorist attacks than happen when facing a group that only uses terrorism.


The development of Internet and e-commerce has driven the research of personalized intelligent technology.In this paper,it expounds a solution that discovers users' interested navigation patterns based on HMM.According to users′ visiting model,we can predict user′s webpage request in the future,and recommend specific services based on different users′ demands.And this may reduce users′ invalid operation.


The method of hard-alloy tool durability increase described in the paper contains the deposition of wear-resistant coating onto the tool surface treated by high-power pulsed ion beam. The investigation results of geometrical parameters of microrelief, chemical and phase composition of sample surface made of hard alloys treated by high-power ion beams are shown, and the mechanisms which cause the increase of adhesion durability of wear-resistant coating and durability of hard-alloy tool with TiN coating are discussed.


Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) are proteins important for the development, function, and survival of neurons. Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) and cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) are two members of a novel family of NTFs in vertebrates that share similar domain structure and mediate the protection of dopaminergic neurons. Both these factors have the potential to be developed as new treatments for Parkinson's disease (PD), however their mechanisms of action are poorly understood. Sequence analysis of MANF and CDNF genes has identified a single homolog in invertebrates that is most related to MANF. Here we have characterized the function of the Caenorhabditis elegans (nematode) MANF gene, manf-1, using a deletion allele and show that manf-1 is necessary for the protection of dopaminergic neurons in older adults. manf-1 mutants show a progressive age-dependent increase in the death of dopaminergic neurons. Using a combination of reporter gene assay and stress markers, we find that manf-1 animals have increased ER stress. Finally, we show that the loss of manf1 function causes enhanced aggregation of alpha-synuclein protein, a pathological hallmark of PD, suggesting that MANF plays a role in reducing these inclusions. Overall, our work demonstrates the important role of manf-1 in dopaminergic neuronal survival and maintaining ER homeostasis in C. elegans. M.Sc. Thesis – C. Richman – McMaster University – Neuroscience 15 Introduction Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) are secreted proteins capable of mediating a variety of neuronal signaling responses throughout development including growth, survival, differentiation, neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. The best characterized neurotrophic factors comprise three major families; the neurotrophins, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family of ligands (GFLs) and neuropoietic cytokines (Barbacid, 1995). More recently a novel family of NTFs has been identified that includes mesencephalic astrocyte derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) and its paralog cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) (P. Lindholm et al., 2007; Petrova et al., 2003). The MANF/CDNF family of NTFs have been shown to protect dopaminergic neurons against a variety of insults. When administered intracranially, both compounds are neuroprotective against the degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in a 6hydroxydopamine induced rat model of PD and models of ischemia (Airavaara et al., 2009; P. Lindholm et al., 2007; M. H. Voutilainen et al., 2009; Yu et al., 2010). The expression of both NTFs in the presence of ER stress protects from unfolded protein response (UPR)-induced apoptosis, even when MANF is restricted intracellularly (Lee et al 2003, Apostolou et al., 2008 Voutilainen et al., 2015). Such findings have suggested that these proteins can mediate their neuroprotective activity intracellularly in response to ER stress, or as secreted proteins (Petrova et al., 2003; Lindholm et al., 2007; Apostolou et al., 2008; Voutilainen 2015) Little is currently understood regarding this novel family's neuroprotective mechanisms of action. However, given their potent neuroprotective M.Sc. Thesis – C. Richman – McMaster University – Neuroscience 16 activity specific to dopaminergic neurons, elucidation of their cellular function holds great therapeutic potential. The well-defined structures of MANF and CDNF can be characterized as bifunctional, with neurotrophic activity believed to largely reside within the N-terminal of the protein and the ER stress response within the C-terminal (Hellman et al., 2011; Parkash et al., 2009). They are composed of two globular alpha helical domains connected by a short linker, with eight highly conserved cysteines which all form disulphide bonds in their mature conformations (Figure 1A) (Hoseki et al., 2010; Latge et al., 2015; Mizobuchi et al., 2007; Parkash et al., 2009). The N-terminal is homologous to the saposin protein superfamily, involved in the degradation of glycosphingolipids from the plasma membrane (Kolter & Sandhoff, 2005). It is the first saposin-like protein (SAPLIP) structure found to impart neuroprotective properties and act via the ER stress response (Hellman et al., 2011; Hoseki et al., 2010; Parkash et al., 2009). The C-terminus of both MANF and CDNF contain putative ER retention signal sequences, RTDL and KTEL respectively, which closely resemble the canonical KDEL ER retention signal. This sequence is necessary and sufficient for the binding of MANF to KDEL receptors (KDELRs) (Henderson et al., 2013). These proteins also contain a CX-X-C motif common to protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs). During periods of ER stress, PDIs can catalyze the formation of intramolecular disulfide bonds to restore proper protein folding (Ni & Lee, 2007). The C-terminus is also structurally similar to the SAP (SAF-A/B, Acinus, and PIAS) domain of the Ku70 protein, a key subunit of the heterodimeric Ku protein involved in DNA repair, and known inhibitor of apoptosis. M.Sc. Thesis – C. Richman – McMaster University – Neuroscience 17 MANF is believed to stabilize the Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) protein, the main proapoptotic effector in neurons, conferring its cytoprotective activity. In fact, the C-terminal domain of MANF has been shown to be equally efficient to Ku70 at inhibiting Baxmediated neuronal apoptosis in vitro, even after undergoing protein recombination (Hellman et al., 2011). Figure 1 C. elegans Y54G2A.23 protein shares conserved domains with vertebrate MANF. (A) Alignment of CDNF and MANF amino acid sequences. The signal sequence is depicted in red, eight conserved cysteines in blue, N'-terminal saponin-like domain in bold, C'-terminal SAP-domain in orange, C-X-X-C motif in grey and putative ER retention signal in green. (B) Schematic representation of MANF and CDNF proteins from Caenorhabditis elegans (C.e), Drosophila melanogaster (D.m), Homo sapiens (H.s) and Mus musculus (M.m) with percent identity indicated relative to C. elegans. Conserved domains are aligned and signal sequences (ss) are indicated with sizes, all presented to scale. (C) Percent amino acid identity and similarity amongst select species as compared to C. elegans. Y54G2A.23/manf-1 is most similar to MANF. M.Sc. Thesis – C. Richman – McMaster University – Neuroscience 18 While much work has been done on the roles of MANF and CDNF in vertebrates, very little is known about their invertebrate homologs. Previously, sequence searches in two leading invertebrate model species, Drosophila melanogaster and C. elegans, revealed the presence of a single MANF/CDNF homolog (P. Lindholm et al., 2007; Petrova et al., 2003). This suggests that the ancestral gene duplicated in the vertebrate lineage, leading to the specialization of MANF and CDNF roles in the nervous system. DmManf has been shown to be necessary for the maintenance of dopaminergic neurites in Drosophila (Palgi et al., 2009). It is expressed within both glia and dopaminergic neurons, however it is not required cell autonomously for the survival or differentiation of either cell type (Stratoulias & Heino, 2015). DmManf is upregulated in response to ER stress, where it interacts in vivo with Drosophila homologs of key components of the mammalian UPR like GRP78 (BiP), PERK and XBP1 (Lindström et al., 2016). Interestingly, only the full length protein is able to rescue the larval lethality associated with a knockout DmManf mutant, however its C-terminal is sufficient to protect against the drug-induced apoptosis of mammalian neurons in vitro (Lindström et al., 2013). Downstream, the absence of DmManf most dramatically perturbs the expression of genes involved in metabolism and membrane transport, particularly in exocytosis and the endosomal recycling pathways (Palgi et al., 2012). Despite the many similarities of MANF and CDNF, only human MANF is capable of rescuing the larval lethality associated with a Drosophila knockout (Palgi et al., 2009). M.Sc. Thesis – C. Richman – McMaster University – Neuroscience 19 Although the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) contains a MANF homolog, Y54G2A.23, its biological function has not been reported. It is currently unclear whether C. elegans MANF has a role in the dopaminergic system. As a simple animal model that carries just 302 neurons, of which 8 are dopaminergic in the hermaphrodite, C. elegans offers many advantages to model neurodegenerative diseases and investigate the function of associated genes and pathways. The dopaminergic neurons in C. elegans are believed to be mechanosensory, modulating environmental interactions pertaining to locomotion and learning (Chase, 2007). These consist of two pairs of cephalic neurons (CEPs) and a single pair of anterior deirid neurons (ADEs) located in the head (Figure 2D), along with another posterior deirid (PDE) pair found laterally in the posterior body. These neurons can easily be assessed for degeneration in live animals by examining the integrity of existing cell bodies and neurites when visualized using a fluorescent reporter. Given the neuroprotective qualities of endogenous trophic factors and the novelty of this particular family of proteins, we aimed to characterize the expression and function of MANF in C. elegans. Here we use a manf-1 loss of function mutation to characterize dopaminergic and behavioral phenotypes. We also use reporter gene assays to localize the expression of manf-1 throughout development and assess the induction of the ER and mitochondrial stress pathways. The effects of drug-induced oxidative stress on neurodegeneration, and subsequent rescue with VPA was determined in the manf-1 knockdown mutant, as was MANF's effect on the expression and aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn). M.Sc. Thesis – C. Richman – McMaster University – Neuroscience 20 Results MANF/CDNF homolog in C. elegans As reported earlier, the Y54G2A.23 gene product in C. elegans represents the closest hom


The small and medium-sized high-tech enterprises' growth ability appraisal can be used as investment guidance as well as evaluation criteria,which is the important basis on which government makes policies.The evaluation system of the small and medium-sized high-tech enterprises' growth ability in our country is set up in this article.It uses beta coefficient method of conciliation to carry out the appraisal research on the growth ability of the representative small and medium-sized high-tech enterprises in our country,which is the supplementarity for the existing methods.And also it analyzes the influence of three factors,including growth potentiality,competitive strength,environment for growth on the growth ability of these enterprises in our country.It can be looked on as the new development of research in this field.


Objective:To observe the preventive effects of urapidil and lidocaine on cardiovascular reaction during tracheal extubationn.Methods:Fifty patients according with the condition of extubation after operation were randomly divided into two groups.The patients of groupI(experiment group n=25)were injected urapidil 1mg.kg-1 intavenous and lidocain 1mg.kg-1 intaracheal.The patients of groupⅡ(control group n=25)were injected same amount normal saline simultaneously.The MAP and HR of two groups were monitored in time after injecting durgs,drawing sputum,tracheal extubation and 1 min,5min after extubation.Results:The singnificant cardiovascular reaction were observed in groupⅡ during tracheal extubation,the MAP and HR of group Ⅱ were raised more than group Ⅰ(P0.01). Conclusion:The cardiovascular reaction was prevented effectively during tracheal extubation using urapidil intravenous and lidocain intratracheal.


Energies of minima and TS as well as characteristic NMR chemical shifts are reported for the parent unsaturated phospho-organic molecules with CP2 backbone. Within the 14 relevant isomers of CH4P2, the two most stable structures are 1,2-diphospha-l-propene, 3, and diphosphirane (cyclo-CH2(PH)2, 1, Erel = 8 kJ/mol). The relative energies in kJ/mol at MP2/6-31G(d,p) are 84 for 1,3-diphospha-2-propene, 54 for 1,2-diphospha-2-propene, and for the phosphinidenes, they are 63 (P−PH−CH3) and 102 (P−CH2−PH2). Although the potential intermediate products (PH−CH2−PH, PH−PH−CH2, and cyclo-CH2−PH2−P) of diphosphirane rearrangements have the relative energies 182, 157, and 158 kJ/mol, respectively, and other minima were found to have Erel between 287 and 322 kJ/mol. Rupture of endocyclic bonds of 1a displays a preference for opening the P−C bond toward the CH2−PH−PH structure, which is stabilized by allyl conjugation. The lowest energy pathway for isomerization of 1 has a barrier of 213 kJ/mol and goes via the interme...


In recent decades, there have been abundant time series studies that suggested the air and noise pollution was associated with poor academic performance of students. Therefore, Kampar town has been selected as study area to evaluate the air and noise pollution level around school areas, and to determine the behavioural effects on the exposed school children. In this study, air and noise monitoring together with survey research were done to discover the findings. The results showed that the average concentrations of sulphur dioxide (SO2) were not in compliance to the Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Guidelines (MAAQG); while the other air pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ground – level ozone (O3) were all well below the guidelines. The average noise levels of the selected schools have also exceeded the 50 dB (A) daytime limit from time to time as indicated by Department of Environment (DOE). On top of that, the majority of students have expressed that annoyance and stress were the main negative behavioural effects as a result of air and noise pollution.


1. A compound of formula (I) !! Formula (I)! pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs, biologically active metabolites, isomers or stereoisomers where! Ra represents H or optionally substituted (C1-C6) alkyl; ! Rb is selected from the optionally substituted group consisting of - (CH2) n-aryl, -CH (CH3) -aryl, - (CH2) n-arilarila, - (CH2) n-arilgeteroarila, - (CH2) n- (C3- C8) cycloalkyl, - (CH2) n-heteroaryl, - (CH2) n-heterocyclyl and - (C3-C8) cycloalkylaryl; or ! Ra and Rb, taken together with the nitrogen atom to form a 2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindolyl, decahydroisoquinoline, optionally substituted piperidinyl or optionally substituted pyrrolidinyl; ! Y is selected from the optionally substituted group consisting of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [1,6] naftridinila, -NH- (CH2) n-heterocyclyl, wherein NH is attached to the carbonyl and -geterotsiklilarilu where heterocyclyl is attached to the carbonyl; and! n is 0, 1 or 2! 2. A compound according to claim 1, wherein Y is selected from the optionally substituted group consisting of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- [1,6] naftridinila, -NH- (CH2) 2-pyrrolidinyl and -piperazinilfenila. ! 3. A compound according to claim 2, wherein Ra represents H or methyl. ! 4. The compound of claim 3 wherein Rb is selected from the optionally substituted group consisting of -CH2-phenyl, -CH2-phenylphenyl, - (CH2) 2-phenyl, -CH (CH3) -phenyl, -CH2CH2-phenylphenyl - CH2-phenylpyrazole derivatives, phenylpyrazoles, indanyl, - (CH2) 2-indolyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthyl, - (CH2) -pyrazinyl, - (CH2) -pyridinyl, - (CH2) 2-pyridinyl, - ( CH2) 2-pyrrolidinyl, - (CH2) 2-thienyl, tetrahydrothienyl 1,1-dioxide, - (CH2) 2-piperidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl and -tsiklogeksilfenila. ! 5. A compound according to claim 4, wherein Rb is selected from the optionally substituted group consisting of -CH2-phenyl, - (CH2) 2-phenyl, -CH2-phenylpyrazole, indanyl, - (CH2) 2-indolyl, 1,2, 3,4-tetrahydronaphthyl, - (CH2) 2-pyridinium


Let $Ax = b$ be a large sparse nonsingular system of linear equations to be solved using Gaussian elimination with partial pivoting. The factorization obtained can be expressed in the form $A = P_1 M_1 P_2 M_2 \cdots P_{n - 1} M_{n - 1} U$, where $P_k $ is an elementary permutation matrix reflecting the row interchange that occurs at step k during the factorization, $M_k $ is a unit lower triangular matrix whose kth column contains the multipliers, and U is an upper triangular matrix.Consider the kth step of the elimination. Suppose we replace the structure of row k of the partially reduced matrix by the union of the structures of those rows which are candidates for the pivot row and then perform symbolically Gaussian elimination without partial pivoting. Assume that this is done at each step k, and let $\bar L$ and $\bar U$ denote the resulting lower and upper triangular matrices, respectively. Then the structures of $\bar L$ and $\bar U$, respectively, contain the structures of $\Sigma _{k = 1}^{n - 1} M_k $ and U. This paper describes an algorithm which determines the structures of $\bar L$ and $\bar U$, and sets up an efficient data structure for them. Since the algorithm depends only on the structure of A, the data structure can be created in advance of the actual numerical computation, which can then be performed very efficiently using the fixed storage scheme. Although the data structure is more generous than it needs to be for any specific sequence $P_1 ,P_2 , \cdots ,P_{n - 1} $, experiments indicate that the approach is competitive with conventional methods. Another important point is that the storage scheme is large enough to accommodate the $QR$ factorization of A, so it is also useful in the context of computing a sparse orthogonal decomposition of A. The algorithm is shown to execute in time bounded by $|\bar L| + |\bar U|$, where $|M|$ denotes the number of nonzeros in the matrix M.


For the historians of studying the Goryeo Dynasty, Sajeon(私田) has been a difficult problem in defining it. According to the historiography of Sajeon(私田), it was understood as having the three meanings. It was a privately-owned land, a private right of getting the land tax, and it has both meanings. In this article, I'd like to redefine concepts of Sajeon(私田). In order to do that, I should use a new method of the conceptual history, at first I researched the meanings of Sa(私) in Goryeosa(高麗史) and Goryeosajeolyo(高麗史節要) which were the classic historiography and were written in early Joseon Dynasty. Through the research, I know that Sa(私) had diversity of meanings;'oneself', 'private', 'partiality', 'self-interest', 'in secret' and 'own desire without a control'. What take note is that the meanings of Sa(私) become diverse through certain time, for example, the meaning of 'oneself' and 'private' was used in whole time of Goryeo Dynasty, but the meaning of 'own desire without control' was mostly discussed for the late Goryeo Dynasty. This use of Sa(私) affected the concept of Sajeon(私田), in late Goryeo Dynasty, Sajeon(私田) got three meanings. It was the private land or the land which the state gave the officals. This concept of Sajeon(私田) was discussed for whole ear of Goryeo Dynasty. However, in late Goryeo Dynasty, Sajeon(私田) maintained the other meanings, like the Sa(私)'s diversity of meaning, Sajeon(私田) was understood as the land which one willingly leaved his property to a person without particular control out of the state or at will occupied the other's land. Because Sajeon(私田) was regard as this meaning, some reformers should remove the Sajeon(私田) form Goryeo Dynasty. On the other hand, in early Joseon Dynasty, Sajeon(私田) was the officials's land in province besides Gyeonggi(京畿), which the land was received from the state. The official like Jo-jun(趙浚) thought that if the received land from the state was located in province, the overlord in the province, using the land, easily occupied the other property. In the reason, Jo-jun(趙浚) define the officials's land in province as Sajeon(私田), other officials in early Joseon Dynasty accepted the his defining.


In a series of five new silver(I) ethynide complexes, the invariable appearance of the μ4 and μ5 ligation modes of the ethynide moiety affirms the general utility of the supramolecular synthon p-X–C6H5OCH2C≡C⊃Agn (X = I, Br; n = 4, 5) in the assembly of coordination networks, in which the silver⋯halogen–aryl interaction plays an important role.


There is ample research which indicates that the wife more frequently initiates and is more willing to be involved in therapy, than the husband. The present research compared two groups of married couples, in one, males were the initiators of psychotherapy (MI group), and in the other, females were the initiators of psychotherapy (FI group). It was hypothesized that the Ml group would be more maritally maladjusted than the FI group. Besides a biographical questionnaire, Locke-Wallace scale of marital adjustment and Family Concept Inventory were administered to the subjects. The results did not yield any significant differences between the two groups. The reasons for this outcome were discussed.


There is a long tradition in philosophy and the social sciences that emphasizes the meaningfulness of human action. This tradition doubts or even negates the possibility of causal explanations of human action precisely on the basis that human actions have meaning. This article provides an argument in favor of methodological naturalism in the social sciences. It grants the main argument of the Interpretivists, that is, that human actions are meaningful, but it shows how a transformation of a "nexus of meaning" into a "causal nexus" can take place, proposing the "successful transformation argument."


The changes in survival were studied in an ammonia-oxidizing bacterium(AOB) isolated from marine water,cultured to log phase and stored in 1 ml aliquots under ambient temperature,4 ℃,-18 ℃ and-80 ℃.The AOB solution was not suitable for storage at-18 ℃ and was not stored for over 3 months at ambient temperature.When the AOB solution was stored at 4 ℃ or-80 ℃,it was not good to be stored over 6 months.Addition of 10% glycerin had the anti-frozen effect on survival of the AOB.However,when the AOB was stored via the carrier—coral sands,it was inoculated successfully after stored at 4 ℃ and-80 ℃ for 15 months,without significant decrease in nitrifying ability.


Automatic image segmentation is one of the central problems in the area of computer vision. It is commonly employed in many tasks such as locating objects in satellite images (roads, forests, etc.), traffic control systems, face recognition, etc. But, in particular it plays an important role in biomedical imaging, with various different applications, one of them dealing with Segmentation of Living Cells. In this thesis, we use three different segmentation techniques, namely, region growing segmentation technique, watershed segmentation and texture segmentation to accurately extract the shapes of membranes and nuclei from the inverted microscopy images, taken throughout the monolayer formation of BGM-70 (Baby Grevit Monkey) cell culture. This strategy is a prerequisite for an accurate quantitative analysis of cell shape and morphogenesis during organogenesis and is the basis for an integrated understanding of biological processes. The segmentation of cellular structures is achieved by first normalizing the microscopic images by performing CLAHE operation followed by de-noising by morphological opening and filling of the holes and then applying segmentation algorithm for cell shape r


The paper briefly introduces the MP cylinder start-up's process and characteristics of the N30016.7/538/538 steam turbines in Taizhou Power Plant's Phase V projects.DEH action procedure and operation steps in start-up stage are analyzed specifically.Parameter control and considerations in the process of unit's synchronization and cylinder transfer are mainly analyzed and discussed,and some proposas on improving logic and operation methods are presented.


In this article the approaches to the research of the poetic and song heritage of S. Surganova are outlined; the author's ideas of time and space are analyzed.


BACKGROUND
 Patient-Generated Health Data (PGHD) collected from innovative wearables are enabling healthcare to shift to outside clinical settings through Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM) initiatives. However, PGHD are collected continuously under the patient's responsibilities in rapidly changing circumstances during the patient's daily life. This poses risks to the quality of PGHD and, in turn, reduces their trustworthiness and fitness for use in clinical practice.

 OBJECTIVE
 Using a socio-technical health informatics lens, this research aimed to investigate how Data Quality Management (DQM) principles can be applied to ensure that PGHD from wearables can reliably inform clinical decision making in RPM.

 METHODS
 First, clinicians, health information specialists and MedTech industry representatives with experience in RPM were interviewed to identify DQM challenges. Second, those groups were joined by patients in a workshop to co-design potential solutions to meet the expectations of all stakeholders. Third, the findings along with literature and policy review results, were interpreted to construct a guideline. Finally, we validated the guideline through a Delphi survey of international health informatics and health information management experts.

 RESULTS
 The resulting guideline comprised 19 recommendations across seven aspects of DQM. It explicitly addressed the needs of patients and clinicians but implied that there must be collaboration among all stakeholders, to meet these needs.

 CONCLUSIONS
 The increasing proliferation of PGHD from wearables in RPM requires a systematic approach to DQM so that these data can be reliably used in clinical care. The developed guideline is a significant next step toward safe RPM.


This study presents functional assessment data from two second-grade students with behavior and academic problems. Functional assessment procedures included interview, observation, functional analysis, and intervention. Functional analysis conditions, conducted by the classroom teacher, with coaching from the researcher, indicated multiple functions for the behavior. Intervention consisted of teacher attention (praise) and points, and self-management of appropriate responses during group instruction. Intervention during independent seatwork consisted of modeling by the teacher to decrease task difficulty, the use of "help tickets" to request assistance from peers or the teacher, and social attention for task completion. Results indicated improved on-task and decreased disruptive behaviors during function-based intervention. The use of functional assessment in general education settings is discussed.


To examine the damage effects and firing strength of carbon fiber composite cases, this study fabricates a composite case using domestic T700 grade carbon fibers and tests the mechanical properties, static explosion performance, and firing strength of the case. Test results show that the case fragments completely and most of the fragments are burnt out with little collateral damage. The case exhibits outstanding structural properties and meets the firing strength requirements of artillery guns.


Objective : The objective of this retrospective study was to describe our experience with 3-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a total 20 pediatric patients. Method: Data on patient demographics, indication for cholecystectomy, surgical technique, operative time (minutes), complications and length of hospital stay (LOS, day) were recorded. Result: Mean (SD) operative time was 44.8 (9.5, range: 30.0-60.0) minutes and LOS was 2.1(1.2, range: 1.0-5.0) days. Surgery was successful in all patients without development of major complications. Apart from significantly shorter operative time in patients with cholelithiasis than those with other indications for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (median 42.2 vs. 55.0 min, p=0.001), no significant difference was noted in age, operative time and LOS with respect to gender or indications. Conclusion : Our findings indicate safety and efficacy and feasibility of 3-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the pediatric population, regardless of indication or gender along with significant advantages regarding the operative time, complication rates and hospital stay.


The HCM 2010 does not provide a methodology to assess Level-of-Service (LOS), density, and space mean speed for oversaturated freeway weaving segments. In its supplemental chapters it suggests use of either analytical tool called FREeway EVALuation (FREEVAL) or a commercial microsimulation software. This study evaluates ability of such tools to realistically generate density and speed on oversaturated freeway weaving segments. The study utilizes NGSIM data for an oversaturated weaving segment on a US 101 Hollywood Freeway in California to populate FREEVAL and VISSIM (a representative of commercial microsimulation software) models. Both models are calibrated, to the best possible extent, to replicate field data for the first two 15-minute intervals from NGSIM data set. The last 15-minute interval is used to assess ability of these tools to reproduce performance measures on an oversaturated freeway segment. Results show that FREEVAL is not able to accurately estimate both speed and density of oversaturated freeway weaving segment. On the other hand, the results showed that VISSIM microsimulation model can be successfully calibrated to replicate speed and density from the field but only after introducing a speed reduction areas to emulate effects of queue propagation from downstream (out of model) links.


Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment emphasizes aggressive titration of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) with the goal of achieving disease remission. This often includes the use of multiple DMARDs in combination, which can have a significant impact on patients' lives and add costs to the healthcare system. Objectives To describe the patterns of sustained remission and subsequent treatment reduction in usual clinical practice for patients with early RA. Methods Patients (age >18) enrolled in the Canadian early ArThritis CoHort (CATCH) between January 2007 to March 2017 were analyzed. CATCH is a prospective, observational study of patients with early inflammatory arthritis (symptoms <1 year) treated in rheumatology clinics across Canada. The analysis cohort included patients with a diagnosis of RA according to the 1987 or 2010 ACR/EULAR classification criteria, active disease at enrolment (DAS28>2.6) and those treated with at least one DMARD or biologic agent within the first three months of study enrolment. We defined sustained remission as achieving a DAS28 < 2.6 at two consecutive follow-up visits at least six months apart. Reduction of therapy was defined as a minimum of a 25% dose reduction of conventional synthetic, targeted or biologic DMARDs. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the time to remission and reductions in DMARD therapy. Results Eight hundred and thirty-seven (40%) of the 2,097 eligible patients achieved sustained remission during the study period. Of these, 60% did so within the first 18 months and 92% within the first four years (Figure 1). The mean (SD) baseline DAS28 was 5.1 (1.3), and HAQ-DI was 1.0 (0.7). At the time of remission, 80% were prescribed methotrexate (55% subcutaneously), 71% were prescribed combination therapy with other conventional synthetic DMARDs, and 13% were prescribed a biologic agent. In the year after attaining sustained remission, 327 (39%) patients reduced treatment in the following pattern (patients may have had more than one change): 250 patients (30%) reduced or stopped methotrexate, 196 patients (23%) reduced or stopped non-methotrexate DMARDs, and 34 patients (4%) reduced or stopped biologic agents. Of those that reduced or stopped a biologic, only one was due to side effects. For the 250 patients who reduced or stopped methotrexate, 25 were for a side effect. Conclusion Achieving sustained remission occurred in 40% of early RA patients in usual clinical practice. Treatment reductions following sustained remission occurred in over a third of patients over the next 12 months, and consisted mainly of adjustment in non-biologic DMARDs.Abstract THU0153 – Figure 1 Bar graph demonstrating distribution of time (in months) to achieve first sustained remission Disclosure of Interests Maria Powell: None declared, Vivian Bykerk Grant/research support from: Mallinckrodt, BMS, Crescendo Biosciences, Sanofi/Regeneron., Consultant for: Amgen, Pfizer, UCB, Scipher, Sanofi/Genzyme/Regeneron, Orit Schieir: None declared, Janet Pope Consultant for: Eli Lilly and Company, Susan J. Bartlett Consultant for: Pfizer, UCB, Lilly, Novartis, Merck, Jansen, Abbvie, Louis Bessette Grant/research support from: Amgen, BMS, Janssen, Roche, UCB, AbbVie, Pfizer, Merck, Celgene, Sanofi, Lilly, Novartis, Consultant for: Amgen, BMS, Janssen, Roche, UCB, AbbVie, Pfizer, Merck, Celgene, Sanofi, Lilly, Novartis, Speakers bureau: Amgen, BMS, Janssen, Roche, UCB, AbbVie, Pfizer, Merck, Celgene, Sanofi, Lilly, Novartis, Gilles Boire Grant/research support from: Investigator-initiated studies: Amgen, Abbvie, BMS, Eli Lilly, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Consultant for: Advisory boards: Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Speakers bureau: Merck, BMS, Pfizer, CArol Hitchon Grant/research support from: Pfizer, UCB (unrelated studies), Edward Keystone Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Inc, Gilead, Janssen Inc, Lilly Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi-Aventis, Consultant for: AbbVie, Amgen, AstraZeneca Pharma, Biotest, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Celltrion, Crescendo Bioscience, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Inc, Genentech Inc, Gilead, Janssen Inc, Lilly Pharmaceuticals, Merck, Pfizer Pharmaceuticals, Sandoz, UCB., Speakers bureau: Amgen, AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb Canada, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Janssen Inc., Merck, Pfizer Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi Genzyme, UCB, Carter Thorne Grant/research support from: Investigator-initiated studies: Amgen, Pfizer. RCTs: Abbvie, Celgene, CaREBiodam, Novartis, Pfizer, Consultant for: Advisory board: Abbvie, Amgen, Celgene, Lilly, Medexus/Medac, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi. Consultant: Abbvie, Centocor, Janssen, Lilly, Medexus/Medac, Pfizer, Speakers bureau: Medexus/Medac, Diane Tin: None declared, Marie-France Valois: None declared, Glen Hazlewood : None declared


The paper by the authors is helpful because it deals with experimental setup in such an accurate way as to allow numerical simulation. The expansion of flood waves in flat areas caused by levee overtopping or failure is deeply influenced by the presence of structures, such as scattered or grouped buildings, roads, or railway embankments. The impact of a 2D flood current against single or bunched obstacles has been widely investigated experimentally as well as numerically in past years, as well as within the framework of an EU project ~IMPACT, Investigation of Flood Processes and Uncertainties!. The discussers applied a first order upwind numerical solver ~Roe scheme! to investigate a lower order of accuracy solver could give comparable results to the one developed by the authors. The computational grid was divided into square cell of 0.03 m. In this way, the building was represented by 4 cells. The building was treated as solid walls, the CFL used in the simulation is 0.75. The simulations show that the first-order solver succeeds in reproducing the wave front steepness. This can be emphasized by refining the computational grid. Fig 1 shows the presence of a decelerating zone close to the buildings, because the flow slows after the impact and the water depth increases. Because the presence of recirculating zones close to the building seems likely, the discussers inserted the Reynolds stress term into the momentum equation and its effects were investigated. This term is usually neglected in flood wave propagation because it is not considered relevant. The results of the simulations with the Reynolds stress term are fully comparable to the results of the simulations without this term. Because the experimental setup is made of hydraulically smooth acrylic boards, we considered appropriate to compute the friction slope by means of the Prandtl formula, which does not require any experimental calibration. Both our simulation and the authors' results do not properly follow the wave front. This could be explained by surface tension that strongly affects the propagation of a thin ~about 1 mm! experimental wave on a smooth surface. It is clear that the experimental setup preparation is very important, especially if the tests are repeated several times. It would be very interesting to ask the authors how they determined experimentally the front depth. Measuring forces on structures can be inaccurate, especially at the first instants after impact. The authors could describe in more detail the experimental device used to measure hydrodynamic forces on the structures, and, in particular, the position of the load cells.


This venture examines the uplink transmission in multi-cell multi-client various information numerous yield (MIMO) orthogonal recurrence division multiplexing (OFDM) frameworks. The framework show considers blemished channel estimation, pilot defilement (PC), numerous subtransporters and multi-way channels. It is proposed a straightforward H-inf channel estimation that accomplishes great concealment to PC. The approach abuses the space-exchanging summed up EM (SAGE) iterative procedure to break down multi-cell multi-client MIMO issue into a progression of single-cell single-client SISO issues, which diminishes the many-sided quality definitely. Investigation on mean square mistake (MSE) of H-inf within the sight of PC is additionally introduced. The numerical outcomes demonstrate that expanding the quantity of pilot subcarriers can't alleviate PC, and a sign for calming PC can be gotten. The H-inf acknowledges preferred concealment to PC over the LS and ML calculations. Its execution is near the ideal MMSE calculation and can be enhanced as the expansion in the length of channel motivation reaction (CIR). By utilizing the SAGE procedure, the execution of the H-inf does not corrupt if there should be an occurrence of countless at base station (BS).


Two new 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide (DOPO)-containing compounds, (6,6′-(1-methylethylidene)-bis(9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenantrene-10-oxide)) (bis-DOPO) and 2,4,6-tris-(9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide)-1,3-diacetoxybenzene (DOPO-RA), were synthesized and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. These new flame retardants were incorporated into epoxy formulations to produce a copper-clad laminate. When fully cured, the DOPO-groups of bis-DOPO become a part of the epoxy chains, whereas the DOPO-groups of DOPO-RA remain pendant to the epoxy polymer network. Despite their higher phosphorus content, bis-DOPO-based laminates showed a poorer flame-retardant performance compared to the DOPO-RA laminates. It is believed that the pendant position of the DOPO group with respect to the polymer chains is essential for a gas-phase flame-retardant action.


Malaria incidence in urban areas has generally been low compared to rural areas but recent data indicate that urban malaria remains a public health problem. It is therefore important to understand the factors that promote urban malaria to help formulate future vector control strategies. This study compared Anopheles gambiae s.l. (A. gambiae s.l.) species composition, distribution and insecticide resistance mechanisms between vegetable and non-vegetable growing areas in Accra Metropolis. Four sites were selected within the city of Accra which comprised of two vegetable-growing and two non-vegetable growing areas. WHO susceptibility tests were carried out on adults A. gambiae s.l. reared from larvae collected from the sites. Five insecticides were tested and the A. gambiae complex, resistance genotypes and enzyme activities of each population were characterized. All A. gambiae s.l. populations tested were resistant to all the insecticides, but relatively lower mortalities were observed in the vegetable growing areas. The mortality against 0.05% deltamethrin was 2.6% (Opeibea) and 12.5% (Korle-Bu) for the vegetable growing areas and 36.2% (Achimota) and 38.9% (Mataheko) in the non-vegetable growing areas. Anopheles gambiae s.s. (95% of Opeibea population) and Anopheles coluzzii, (98% of Korle-Bu population) were the dominant species in the vegetable growing areas. The voltage-gated sodium channel (Vgsc-1014F) frequencies of all the populations were similar but the acetylcholinesterase (ace-1) frequencies were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in Korle-Bu and Mataheko populations. High level of P450s and esterases were observed in the A. gambiae s.l. from Opeibea than from the other areas. The contribution of urban agriculture in the development of insecticide resistance needs to be considered in the formulation of future vector control strategies alongside other domestic usages.


We reported double-gate transistors with reduced source-drain (SD) resistance with aluminum (Al) implant on S/D for sub 22 nm technology node1. Al implanted S/D can provide to modulate the electron barrier height of PtSi towards the conduction band. We also investigate Schottky barrier modulation using a new Ge ion implantation (I/I) and segregation approach and the impact of spike anneal on the SBH tuning. Novel silcide alloys of Ni with Yb or Er can be adopted for a FinFET structure. These techniques attribute constitute a simple non-planar cMOS integration sequence with enhanced drive current for future high performance technology nodes.


Microbes are essential in biofloc technology for controlling nitrogen levels in water. The composition and function of microorganisms with biofloc systems were reported; however, data on microorganisms other than bacteria, such as algae (which are essential in the nitrogen cycle) and zooplankton (which are bacterial and algal predators), remain limited. The microbial communities (including bacteria, algae, zooplankton, and fungi) were investigated in shrimp farms using biofloc technology. Using Illumina MiSeq sequencing, the V4 region of 18S rRNA and the V3–V4 region of 16S rRNA were utilized for the analysis of the eukaryotic and prokaryotic microbial communities. As a result, it was found that the biofloc in the shrimp farm consisted of 48.73%–73.04% eukaryotic organisms and 26.96%–51.27% prokaryotic organisms. In these shrimp farms, prokaryotic microbial communities had higher specie richness and diversity than eukaryotic microbial communities. However, the eukaryotic microbial communities were more abundant than their prokaryotic counterparts, while algae and zooplankton dominated them. It was discovered that the structures of the microbial communities in the shrimp farms seemed to depend on the effects of predation by zooplankton and other related organisms. The results provided the nitrogen cycle in biofloc systems by the algal and bacterial groups in microbial communities.


Open science has finally hit the mainstream. Alex Lancaster looks at the emerging criticisms leveled against how we publish and disseminate science and argues it may be time to reframe the open science project. Rather than relying on instrumentalist language of "carrot-and-sticks" and "rewards-and-incentives" we should instead focus on the actual working conditions for scientists and the political economy in which they are embedded.


When guiding sports training with Supercompensation Theory,Supercompensation Theory can be always sensed,but it is difficult to found supercompensation phenomenon mentioned in the Supercompensation Theory during athletes' restoration after sports training.Is the theory wrong or the application is a deviation?On the experimental basis for the study conclusions of the principle of over-the restoration.from the best and true and false over the resumption of full-interval to study small cycles superimposed effect of the training process,and related concepts for further explained,with a view over the resumption of the principle and the principle of cycle training to provide a new way to study.


This community service activity aims to guide the community on making online sales and making business books using applications. The approach method offered to support community service program activities is a participatory method in which partners are directly involved in implementing actions from preparation to performance of these activities. The form of exercise is holding meetings in simple accounting bookkeeping training for businesses using applications and counseling about online sales. The type of output that will be generated based on the activity plan in community service is in the form of a module containing how to do simple accounting books for businesses using applications and how to make online sales by increasing online content and strategies for selling online to be able to increase sales income.


This paper concerns the ratio of centro-affine invarients for a projection body. Using a new definition W(P), one can get the result of an origin-symmetric convex body as that of an origin-symmetric polytope, which is already known, and get the extreme value of the ratio.


Car parks today are usually monitored by camera systems in conjunction with the ground or thermal sensors. In the case, where the car parks are bigger and such options are not possible or would be very costly, new solutions are taken into consideration. One such solution is the use of an already in place commercial camera system, which would be enhanced by neural networks for parking space classification in real-time. Some of the more popular works in this area are the PKLot and CNRPark papers, which include the generation of datasets for visual occupancy detection of parking lots for the training of neural networks. These datasets contain images in varying weather and lighting conditions, such as sunny, overcast, or rainy, including partial occlusion due to obstacles such as trees, other cars, or lampposts. In this work, we attempt to create yet another dataset that would capture parking lots in night lighting conditions and snowy weather conditions. In the CNRPark paper, a CNN model called mAlexNet has been trained, which is a minimalist version of the AlexNet. This lightweight model is suitable for real-time car parking occupancy detection for smart camera devices with low computational power. In our work, we attempt to use transfer learning to further improve the robustness of this model using our newly generated dataset. Our experiments will be conducted using a Raspberry Pi model 4B with 4GB of RAM equipped with a Raspberry Pi High Definition Camera in conjunction with the Raspberry Pi Wide Angle Lens.


Collagenase is one the important enzyme, which is applied in varied fields ranging from tannery, food and cosmetic industries to clinical therapies. Currently, the commercially available collagenase enzyme has been produced by Clostridium histolyticum bacteria. In our study, in order to find new sources of collagenase producer, 30 collagenases from different species of Clostridium, Vibrio and Bacillus were evaluated from the view of phylogenetic relation, domain architecture and Physiochemical features. Totally our results indicate that the non-pathogenic C. novyi (NT) with the aliphatic index (80.68), instability index (27), pI (6.54), Mw (112.838 kDa) and two PPC domain could be suggested as potent bacteria for industrial production of collagenase.


A soluble, cell-free arsenite dehydrogenase is liberated from cells of strain 17 of the arsenite-oxidizing pseudomonad (Pseudomonas arsenoxydans-quinque) after grinding with powdered glass. The enzyme is moderately stable, retaining its activity for considerable periods on storage at· low temperatures. It may be dialysed without loss of activity, and withstands salting out.


Gas logging is an important tool for interpreting and evaluating reservoir on-site. In this study,some corresponding relations among light hydrocarbon ratio, middle hydrocarbon ratio and heavy hydrocarbon ratio are analyzed for Bawu area. An interpretation chart of 3R gas logging, which is used to distinguish the relationship between oil and gas, is also established. The relations among different hydrocarbon ratios are represented as linear function by asymptotic method. This method can solve a problem that oil and gas in Bawu area is difficult to be identified. Meanwhile,it also can provide guidance for dynamic tracking of drilling activities.


Customer service has great significance in the banking industry. The banking system in India today has perhaps the largest outreach for delivery of financial services and is also serving as an important conduit for delivery of financial services. Because of tremendous demand and expectation on the part of the customers the quality and content of the customer service has come under great pressure.


.......................................................................................,.3 Brief History of Fiber Optics ...............................................................3-4 Benefits of Fiber Optics .....................................................................4 What is Fiber Optics .........................................................................5 Outside Plant and Premise Installation .................................................6 Single-Mode and Multi-Mode ..............................................................6 Index of Refraction (IOR) and total internal reflection ..............................7 Security Concerns ...........................................................................8 Other types of Optical Taps ...............................................................8,9 Security Measures .......................................................................... 9,10 Conclusions ................................................................................... 11 References ....................................................................................12,13


The salt industry in China has long history as a traditional domain. The food salt monopoly contributes to the national and life of people. For acceding to WTO, the salt industry in Hubei province has an opportunity of development.


The charge density and pair correlation function of three interacting electrons confined within a two-dimensional disc-like hard wall quantum dot are calculated by full numerical diagonalization of the Hamiltonian. The formation of a Wigner-molecule in the form of equilateral triangular configuration for electrons is observed as the size of the dot is increased. PACS Numbers: 73.20.Dx, 73.61.-r


It is generally agreed that the period around the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth centuries was one when the term 'professional' could be applied to a significant number of North American archaeologists ( Browman 2002b : 514; Kehoe 1999 : 5; Kurtz 1979 : 13), even though the term itself rarely appears. In June 1900, Warren K. Moorehead, unemployed and living in a cabin in Saranac Lake, New York, recovering from tuberculosis, had just finished a book on Prehistoric Implements ( Moorehead 1900 ). The book might be said to epitomize the transitional character of the period – focused on the collection and naming of artefacts and written with the help of collectors, amateurs, and professionals, by an archaeologist and artefact dealer. The volume also appears to be the first place where the phrase 'professional archaeologists' is used.[ 1 ] In the preface, Moorehead writes: The professional archaeologists of the museums will understand that this book is not for them [footnote: There are 27 men who may be considered scientific archaeologists. There are 23 others connected in various capacities with the museums]. I mention it lest some imagine that I am assuming to instruct those who know a great deal more about prehistoric times than I do. It is from the reports and other publications of these 27 authorities that much of the information presented herein has been obtained. Moorehead clearly had a list. The reason that he had a list is an indication of how central he was in American archaeology at the time. Some background on Moorehead's career up to this point is useful (and mostly obtained from Moorehead 1902 and Kelly 2000 ).


The papers describe the features, the architecture and a few applications of the PINE DSP core. PINE is a 16-bit Digital Signal Processor designed for portable telecommunications and consumer electronics products requiring smart power management. It enables low-cost, low-power DSP processing with several levels of modularity n the RAM, ROM and I/O, permitting efficient DSP-based ASIC development. PINE's modular design approach allows the same DSP core to be used for various applications.<<ETX>>


ABSTRACT Background: We assessed the suitability for Watchman in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Patients who undergo TAVR and have AF are at high-risk of stroke, major bleeding, and death. The Watchman device is now available as an alternative to anticoagulation (OAC) for stroke prevention in selected patients. Methods: We reviewed medical records of 113 patients who underwent TAVR for severe aortic stenosis (AS) with high- or extreme-surgical risk. We estimated the CHA2DS2VASC and HAS-BLED scores and investigated the presence of approved indications for the Watchman device in patients with AF. Results: Of the 113 patients, 48 (43%) had AF. CHA2DS2VASC score ≥3 was seen in 46 (96%) patients. A total of 31 (65%) AF patients had a high bleeding risk, comprised of HAS-BLED score ≥4 in 29 (60%), prior bleeding in 18 (38%) and both in 16 (33%). Warfarin was used for stroke prevention in 38 (80%) patients. At least one approved indication for Watchman was found in 44 (92%) patients: prior bleeding in 18 (38%); labile international normalized ratios (INR) in 24 (50%); non-adherence to oral anticoagulation (OAC) 6 (13%); prior falls in 30 (63%) and fall risk in 37 (77%) patients. Conclusions: Chronic OAC remains the mainstay of treatment in TAVR patients with AF. More than 90% of such patients have an appropriate indication for Watchman implant, stemming from their high stroke and bleeding risk. Our findings suggest an unmet need for Watchman in this population.


Utilities are currently in flux, facing increased competition and other changes in regulation and structure. Much of this flux has been driven by large customers who are seeking service at a lower cost and are threatening to either relocate, self-generate, or turn to alternative electricity service providers. While retail competition is not yet here, many utilities perceive the threat of losing their large customers, predominantly industrial, as very real. Large industrial customers represent a substantial customer base for most utilities, and the loss of many of these customers could have devastating financial consequences.


The mud in inferior dinas has strong inhibition on the performance of ploycarboxylate superplasticizer,characterized by concrete slump loss fast,poor work performance. By researching the change law with time of mortar fluidity and the adsorbing capacity of montmorillonite,illite and kaolinite clay mineral composition in clay,showing that montmorillonite has the strongest adsorption capacity of ploycarboxylate superplasticizer. From analyzing the crystal structure of clay minerals to discuss the adsorption mechanism on the properties of ploycarboxylate superplasticizer.


Unobserved heterogeneity among childbearing women makes it difficult to isolate the causal effects of smoking and prenatal care on birth outcomes (such as birthweight). Whether or not a mother smokes, for instance, is likely to be correlated with unobserved characteristics of the mother. This paper controls for such unobserved heterogeneity by using state-level panel data on maternally linked births. A quantile-estimation approach, motivated by a correlated random-effects model, is used in order to estimate the effects of smoking and other observables (number of prenatal-care visits, years of education, etc.) on the entire birthweight distribution. ∗Department of Economics, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712. †CREATES and School of Economics and Management, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; e-mail: email@example.com.


A "corkscrew" mechanism, that couples changes in the in-plane rotation angle to strains along the layering axis, has been proposed previously to explain increased compliance in certain Ruddlesden-Popper phases that facilitates uniaxial negative thermal expansion over a wide temperature range. Following the procedure developed to study many simple, auxetic geometries, in the present study we derive the elastic compliances predicted by this corkscrew mechanism assuming that the four shortest metal-anion bonds remain stiff and changes in bond angle are modelled by a harmonic angle potential. We subsequently analyse the limitations of this model and show that it may be extended to An+1BnO3n+1 Ruddlesden-Popper oxide phases of general layer thickness n.


In comparison to world larger flood basalts, the Deccan Trap exhibits more than double the amount of copper abundance. This is true for most basalt types but quartz tholeiites are particularly rich in copper, the absolute abundance reaching up to 0.05% Cu in certain areas. In such areas it can be established that apart from entry into silicates and oxides, the major portion of copper was removed as sulphides. While studying the variation of copper abundance and variation within the Deccan Trap and comparing it with other basaltic rocks around the world, the occurrence of native copper and other cupriferous minerals copper is discussed here. Review of earlier work is done in the light of some new findings. Prospects of finding native copper mineralization and copper rich flows are discussed. It is concluded on the importance of studying the copper mineralization in the Deccan Trap.


In this investigation we use B3LYP density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the CVD growth mechanism of (100) diamond. Our results are consistent with the Garrison mechanism in which the dimer-opening step involves simultaneous formation of a surface olefin and dissociation of the dimer. We calculate this step to have a barrier of 9.6 kcal/mol. The olefin is then attacked by a surface radical to form a six-membered ring. We find this reaction to be the rate-limiting step with an activation energy of 13.6 kcal/mol. This is in excellent agreement with the experimental value of 15 kcal/mol obtained by the selective growth method and XPS. The direct ring-opening and ring-closing reaction from adsorbed CH2 radical has an activation energy of 49.4 kcal/mol and does not contribute significantly to the growth rate. The barrier on larger clusters that include the effects of neighboring adsorbed hydrogen increases to 15.6 kcal/mol. Additionally, our calculated vibrational frequencies agree within 2% of experi...


Background: Phospholipids adsorbed to negatively-charged proteoglycan matrix form phospholipid (membrane), have negatively charged surface (-PO4-) and are hydrophilic. Strong adsorption and strong cohesion are necessary for phospholipids to provide a good lubricant. The surface energy of spherical lipid bilayers have "bell-curve" shaped has amphoteric character and lowest surface energy at a pH 7.4 ± 1 of the natural joint. Objectives: The amphoteric character of the natural surface of the articular cartilage was determined by measuring the surface energy of the model spherical bilayer lipid membrane. It was found that the friction (f) vs. pH 2.0 to 9.0 of the pair (cartilage/cartilage) has the amphoteric character by exposing "bell-curve" shaped with an isoelectric point (IEP). Methods: The friction coefficient (f) was measured with the sliding pin-on-disc tribotester the friction between two surfaces (cartilage/cartilage) pair. The method of interfacial tension measurements of the spherical lipid bilayer model vs the pH over the range 0.2 to 9.0 was used. Results: The dependence of friction coefficient between two cartilage surfaces on the pH over the range 2.0 to 9.0 is demonstrated by a "bell - curve" in Fig. 2(A). The surface energy of a model spherical bilayer lipid membrane vs. the pH has the character of a "bell - curve" with an (IEP) is shown in Fig. 2(B). Conclusion: The amphoteric effect on friction between the bovine cartilage/cartilage contacts has been found to be highly sensitive to the pH of an aqueous solution. In this paper we demonstrate experimentally that the pH sensitivity of cartilage to friction provides a novel concept in joint lubrication on charged surfaces. The change in friction was consistently related to the change of charge density of an amphoteric surface.


Information on electricity consumption is one of the essential elements in terms of regulating the distribution of electricity in smart micro grid. Besides, information on electricity consumption can help consumers carry out an evaluation process to reduce electricity bill costs, which indirectly affect overall energy efficiency. One method in the process of monitoring electricity consumption is Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM). The main problem in NILM is to determine the energy disaggregation consumed by several equipment by merely performing the retrieval of data from only one measuring point. We used the Superstate Hidden Markov Model as the tool for modelling and analysis. A median data filter to the input data is applied to improve the performance of the disaggregation process. Based on the results of tests conducted using the REDD, the lowest accuracy was 96.69% for all tests performed.


MagSaki(Tetra) software was developed for the purpose of analyzing the magnetic susceptibility data of tetranuclear octahedral high-spin cobalt(II) complexes. The software enables the analyses six types of tetranuclear cobalt(II) structures, including cubane and defect dicubane structures, to obtain magnetic parameters: the interaction parameters, J, J', J", and J"', the spin-orbit coupling parameter, λ, the orbital reduction factor, κ, and the axial splitting parameter, Δ.


Primary malignant tumor of trachea is rare and often extensive at presentation, and frequently causes life-threatening airway obstruction. Primary extranodal lymphomas comprise about 10% of all malignant lymphomas. However, the primary malignant lymphoma of trachea is extremely rare. We presented here a case of 62-year-old male, was diagnosed as a primary extranodal lymphoma arising in the trachea with review of literature.


In this work we studied the effect of surface treatment of PET films, which are widely used in food packaging, on the adhesion value of ink layers based on polyvinyl chloride. To give high barrier properties to packaging laminates, the films used in their structure are coated with a nanolayer of aluminum oxide (AlOx). However, these films have a disadvantage associated with the low adhesion of adhesive and ink layers to the AlOx nanolayer. To eliminate this disadvantage, aluminium oxide nanolayer is additionally coated with various polymer coatings. In this work we studied the effect of a polyacrylic coating applied on top of an AlOx layer on improving the adhesion of ink layers. For PET films used in food packaging, optical and surface properties are also important. In this regard, additionally we measured surface free energy, coefficient of friction, and optical properties of the studied PET films. We also highlight the relationship of contact angles of wetting and the work of adhesion for the printing ink with the measured adhesion of ink layers.


In this paper, we improve the Fuzzy Decision Map (FDM) by using linguistic values rather than crisp membership values for the link weights (i.e. preference and causal relationships among criteria with fuzzy linguistic). The proposed method is called the linguistic fuzzy decision network. It provides both local fuzzy weights and global fuzzy weights. The proposed method is quite appropriate to decision makers to reflect the practical vagueness and imprecision existed for solving Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) in real world situations. A case study is used to compare the performance of the proposed model with the original fuzzy decision maps model. The result of comparison ensures the ability to draw the same decisions with a more realistic decision environment.


The invention provides a method for selecting an intelligent antenna and an access point. The method for selecting the intelligent antenna comprises the steps that (1) the AP determines a first station from stations, the value of the communication quality of the first STA is smaller than a preset quality threshold value, and the flow requirement of the first STA is higher than a preset flow requirement; (2) the AP sends an active training message to the first STA in the directions of antennas of an antenna array in a training period of the first STA, and obtains a training result which corresponds to the active training message; (3) the AP selects an optimal antenna from the antenna array according to the training result; (4) the AP uses the optimal antenna to send a user message to the first STA. According to the method for selecting the intelligent antenna, due to the facts that the AP sends the active training message to the first STA which is poor in communication quality but has a certain need for flow, and increases user flow by sending the active training message, the AP helps the first STA to select the optimal antenna as soon as possible.


Internet of Things (IoT) is a current technology in the communication and computing field. With the help of this technology many application can be developed almost in every fields like health care, agriculture, education manufacturing, factories, automobile etc. In this fields the applications can be like smart home, smart office, smart farms, smart utilities, smart boards, smart vehicles, smart machines etc. To develop this kind of applications already many IOT startup companies are evolved. The current paper proposed a novel IOT product development cycle which will make easy for the developers in the IOT startup companies/individuals and in this paper few developed products based on the proposed development cycle were discussed.


We developed a candidate DNA vaccine called "DNA-4"consisting of 4 plasmid DNAs encoding Nef, Gag, Pol(rt), and gp140 HIV-1 proteins. The vaccine was found to be safe and immunogenic in a phase I clinical trial. Here we present the results of a phase II clinical trial of "DNA-4". This was a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of safety, and dose selection of "DNA-4" in HIV-1 infected people receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Fifty-four patients were randomized into 3 groups (17 patients—group DNA-4 0.25 mg, 17 patients—group DNA-4 0.5 mg, 20 patients—the placebo group). All patients were immunized 4 times on days 0, 7, 11, and 15 followed by a 24-week follow-up period. "DNA-4" was found to be safe and well-tolerated at doses of 0.25 mg and 0.5 mg. We found that the amplitudes of the spontaneous viral load increases in three patients immunized with the candidate DNA vaccine were much higher than that in placebo group—2800, 180,000 and 709 copies/mL, suggesting a possible influence of therapeutic DNA vaccination on viral reservoirs in some patients on ART. We hypothesize that this influence was associated with the reactivation of proviral genomes.


The growing controversy over the impact of Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) in Africa has led a number of us at the University of Denver Center on Rights Development (CORD) to set up a research project on "The African Right to Development and Adjustment:" This article seeks to present the basic aims and methodology of this project. Reliable reports indicate the rapid deterioration of standards of life on the African continent with a general per capita income decline of over 20% in the past decade. The escalation of external debt to $143 billion at the end of 1989 in sub-Saharan Africa has aggravated the situation. 1 Demands by Africans for restructuring of the debt relationship and particularly for a sensitivity to its social impact and the deteriorating human condition of life have been growing. This has recently taken the form of a revival of democratic groups demanding participation.2 What should be the development objectives in Africa? How can the human condition, or basic human rights, be made the central objective? And what policies are needed to achieve this restructuring that will create sustainable African development and democracy on a par with other regions of the disadvantaged, commonly referred to as Less Developed Countries (LDCs)? The statement of the Charter of the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations is clear enough: Art. 55: With a view to the creation of conditions of stability and well-being which are necessary for peaceful and friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, the United Nations shall promote:


Since low-power battery operation is essential for a portable VCR with video camera, the complex computation of MPEG2 encoding is not suitable for consumer digital VCR. This implementation of the video codec using compression optimized for LSI has more than an order of magnitude lower power consumption than that of recently-reported MPEG2 codecs. Power-saving modes and 0.5 /spl mu/m 2 V CMOS standard-cell library also reduce power. Two chips, Shuffling LSI and Compression LSI, together with a 5 Mb DRAM, can either encode the CCIR601 digital component video signal into the standard-definition digital VCR (DVCR) format or decode the DVCR format signal into a component video signal.


The starting point for ECO-Rapid is the question of how standard business software may be utilised for tasks and tools arising in connection with industrial eco-management (such as environmental cost accounting, flow cost accounting, eco-balancing, benchmarking, etc). This is based on the assumption that the highly sophisticated ecomanagement tools will only become widely used in practice if they can access the existing information systems as a data base (cf Scheide 1999). The aim of the ECO-Rapid project is to develop a method that enables both companies and software suppliers to use and further develop ERP systems in a manner that is more strongly aligned with material flows. The ECO-Integral reference model (Krcmar et al. 2000) forms the basis for using the data base of ERP systems for a large number of new evaluations with regard to the quantities and values of business material flows. This will enable companies to use their existing ERP software more effectively for the purposes of industrial eco-management and create synergies with the area of business and management economics. This method will be published as a guideline for mediumsize enterprises and is designed to be used largely independently of any specific software product. An important step to achieve this aim is the exemplary implementation of this method at three separate pilot companies. These practice-related projects are managed by Green IT GmbH, Constance, and the Institute for Management and Environment (Institut für


Regular September counts of staging waterbirds havebeen undertaken annually in south Sweden since 1973as a complement to the International Midwinter Countsundertaken in January each year since 1967. The Septembercounts aim to cover the population development ofstaging waterbirds, especially relating to species that arenot wintering in the country. Between 150 and about 200sites have been included in the calculation of the Septemberindices, using the TRIM method. September indiceswere calculated for 18 species. The trends over the entire41-year period were significantly increasing for all butfive species (Anas platyrhynchos, Somateria mollissimaand Mergus serrator decreasing, whereas Podiceps cristatusand Fulica atra did not show any clear long-termtrend). The September indices were in good agreementwith the International Midwinter Counts and the wintercounts of the Swedish Bird Survey, but much less wellwith migration counts at Falsterbo and breeding seasoncounts of the Swedish Bird Survey. For the last ten yearsof the series, six species showed a significantly increasingtrend, whereas four species decreased. (Less)


...................................................................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................ vi LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ x ABREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................. xi CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. 1 1.1 Background of the study ........................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 The concept of financial deepening .................................................................... 1 1.1.2 The growth of Small and Medium Enterprises ................................................... 3 1.1.3 The relationship between financial deepening and the growth of SMEs ........... 4 1.1.4 SME industry in Kenya ...................................................................................... 6 1.2 Research problem ...................................................................................................... 8 1.3 Objective of the study ............................................................................................. 11 1.4 Value of the study ................................................................................................... 11


This paper proposes an incremental shape recovery and registration method based on weak perspective factorization and pairwise point cloud registration. While a camera is moving freely in unknown environments, point features are automatically extracted and tracked. The 3-D position of scene points is then estimated using the tracked features from four consecutive frames and the point set is immediately registered to the global point cloud. The advantage of the proposed incremental method is that the recovery and registration process relies only on past frames for estimating a global shape. Shape recovery and registration are unified into a single framework where all the internal steps are linear and non-iterative. An application can utilize intermediate results that are incrementally computed from past frames and thus the procedure is applicable to on-line interactive vision systems such as augmented reality applications. Experimental results on several real image sequences showing the feasibility of the proposed approach are also provided.


Pilot testing of a new wet desulfurization process using dimethyl propylene urea, a polar heterocyclic aprotic solvent, with COS hydrolysis catalyst has been carried out using a high sulfur coal based syngas. This process, named Polar-1TM has demonstrated the superior performance for IGCC economics, such as simultaneous absorption of organic and inorganic sulfur compounds and high selectivity of sulfur compound absorption over CO2 absorption. The investigation of testing data has also been extended to acid gas specification, solvent degradation and effect of trace components in syngas.A comparative modified MDEA solvent has also been tested in the same pilot plant, and Polar-1TM process has demonstrated the superiority over modified MDEA process in the principal process performance for IGCC economics. This innovative desulfurization process, "Polar-1TM" is suggestive to overwhelm the existing wet desulfurization processes by deleting upstream gaseous COS converter and making compact design of sulfur recovery plant, for coal based IGCC application in terms of the overall investment and utilities consumptions.


Address for Correspondence: Dr. Aparna. B, Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere577004, Karnataka, India. Tel phone No: 7892783252 E-Mail: email@example.com Aim: To compare the efficacy of dish wash solution, diluted lemon water, coconut oil and xylene as deparaffinizing agents for hematoxylin and eosin staining procedure. Objective: The objective is to find eco-friendly deparaffinizing agents like dish wash solution, diluted lemon water and coconut oil as substitute to xylene and comparing the staining characteristics of each individual deparaffinizing agent with Xylene. Materials and Methods: The study comprised of paraffin embedded 45 blocks of various tissues. Each block of four sections of 5 microns thickness was prepared. They were considered in four different groups like A, B, C and D. Tissue sections in Group A were stained with H & E method where xylene was used as deparaffinizing agent. The other three sections were stained with H & E where dish wash solution, diluted lemon water and coconut oil were used as deparaffinising agent's alternative to Xylene. Staining characteristics were compared with xylene and scoring was given. The total score of 3–5 was regarded as satisfactory for diagnosis and less than that is insufficient for diagnosis. Statitistical Analysis: Chi square test was used. Results: Adequacy of staining characteristics such as nuclear, cytoplasm, uniformity, clarity and crispiness of staining for diagnosis was greater with dish wash solution followed by diluted lemon water, coconut oil and xylene. Conclusion: The Eco-Friendly deparaffinizing agents such as dish wash solution, diluted lemon water, and coconut oil can be used as alternatives to xylene.


Micro-/macroporous carbons (MMCs) were prepared using a hollow mesoporous silica capsule (HMSC) as a sacrificial hard template. The carbonization process after the infiltration of furfuryl alcohol into the templatefree HMSC material afforded MMC materials in high yield. The hard template HMSC could be removed by HF etching without deteriorating the structure of MMC. The MMC materials were fully characterized by SEM, TEM, PXRD, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy. The replication processes were so successful that MMCs exhibited a hollow capsular structure with multimodal microporosity. Detailed textural properties of MMC materials were investigated by volumetric N2 adsorption-desorption analysis at 77 K. To explore the gas sorption abilities of MMCs for other gases, H2 and CO2 sorption analyses were also performed at various temperatures. The multimodal MMC materials were found to be good sorbents for both H2 and CO2 at low pressure.


Thank you for downloading periodontal health and diseases children adolescents and young adults. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their favorite novels like this periodontal health and diseases children adolescents and young adults, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful bugs inside their computer.


Anaerobic performance is decisive in many sports. The Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) is the most widely used test for the assessment of anaerobic performance to date. Performance in this test is influenced by many variables, including genetics. The aim of this review is to analyze the genes related to WAnT performance. A detailed search of four databases (Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library) was conducted until February 2022. This literature search was implemented according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Nine eligible studies were selected from the 153 records identified. 3 articles for the ACTN3 gene, 2 for AMPD, one combined ACTN3 and AMPD, 1 article each for PPARA, UCP2 and MCT1. The genes ACTN3 and AMPD seem to report contradictory literature regarding its influence on WAnT peak power (PP), mean power and fatigue index. The MCT1 gene seems to have no influence, and the PPARA and UCP2 genes seem to have a positive relationship with PP.


ObjectiveTo evaluate the analgesic action and its mechanisms of total flavonoids from Chaenomels lagenaria(FLC).MethodsBy the hot-plate and twisting body test in mouse and peripheral model of the potassium iontophoretic dolorimotry in rabbit,the analgesic action of FLC and its association with Ca2+ was analyzed.ResultsFLC not only had systematic analgesic effect,but also had peripheral analgesic effect.Analgesic effect of FLC could be antagonized by CaCl2,and enhanced by EGTA.In the experiment of frog,sciatic nerve,5 percent,10 percent and 20 percent FLC inhibited the increase of calcium ion content evoked by 50 mmol·L-1 K+ in a concentration dependent manner.10 percent FLC also inhibited the increase of calcium ion content evoked by NE 10-5mmol·L-1.ConclusionFLC has analgesic effect,and analgesic mechanism may be associated with calcium channel.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the characteristic of clinical distribution of Enterobacteriaceae. METHODS Clinical samples from 2002 to 2003 in the hospital were statistically analyzed. RESULTS The rate of constitution of the Enterobacteriaceae was rised obviously (ranged No. 3) in all of the samples tested. The distribution of Enterobacteriaceae was higher in the respiratory and surgical departments, and hemodialysis unit. In the other hand, the rate of constitution of the Enterobacteriaceae was higher in the samples from the object surface and then from the other places. CONCLUSIONS The characteristic of clinical distribution of Enterobacteriaceae is correlated with the nosocomial infection rate in the clinics.


Amino-3-cyano-4-aryl-5-methyloxycarbonyl-4H-pyrans were synthesized in aqueous medium using thermosensitive copolymer of N-isopropylacrylamide and its derivative as a supporter for phase separation adjusting temperature. Their structures were determined by 1H NMR, IR and elemental analysis.


Electric power systems are complex and commonly run near their operational limits. In power systems, total or partial blackouts are unavoidable. A distance relay can provide remote backup protection by zones 2 and 3, but may mal-operate under heavy loading conditions and cause cascading trips in the network, which could further lead to a widespread blackout. Usually, load blinders or load encroachment elements block the distance relay when there is a heavy load in the system. The improved protection technique for zone 3 prevents mal-operation and, thus, power systems become more reliable. The most of the improved techniques prevents the load encroachment by blocking the performance of distance relay. Also those techniques don't provide solution to reduce the loading limits.
In the research project, the increment of load is predicted from the load curve. If the load approaches the relay characteristics, the load on that particular line is reduced by optimal scheduling of generators or loads or both. The load encroachment phenomenon is not allowed to occur, before the load encroaches the action is taken preventing distance relay from tripping.


The results of simulating past and future mass balances suggest that the Bering Glacier will lose significant ice mass and that the Hubbard Glacier will grow more slowly in the near future than in the recent past


Companies have incentives to hide, omit, or falsify the information reported in financial statements (FS) (e.g., Balance Sheet, Income Statement, Cash Flow Statement) to give a false impression of the company's financial health, assure investors or evade taxes. Typically, misinformation is introduced by changing FS elements e.g overstating the assets/profits or understating the liabilities/losses. Once detected, misinformation can have disastrous consequences for employees, investors, banks and government. It is important to identify such companies and the nature and extent of misinformation in their FS. Auditors or forensic accountants use complex investigative methods to detect instances of misinformation in FS. The effort intensive and subjective nature of these methods limits their capacity to effectively identify misinformation. We propose two novel unsupervised model-based anomaly detection (AD) techniques based on regression and kernel density estimates. We show they perform better than 15 standard AD techniques and data envelopment analysis for detection of suspicious FS on a real-world dataset of 4100 listed companies. Our approach provides specific suggestions regarding where the misinformation may be present, which helps in increasing the effectiveness of investigations.


The degree of soil salinization in the west region of Jilin province is very serious, where the composition of salts in the soil and surface water is complex and mainly contains Na+, HCO3- or CO32-, Cl-, SO42-, etc. The concrete engineering projects in such environments are often corroded by a variety of salt corrosion damage under the condition of dry-wet alternation. Based on the previous experimental study on the durability of concrete affected by the factors of both multiple salts and dry-wet cycles, different salts (bicarbonate, sulfate, and chloride salt) soak and dry-wet cycle tests to normal strength concrete (NSC) are conducted in this article. The test results show that all of the bicarbonate, sulfate, and chlorine salt can cause certain corrosion on NSC under the condition of dry-wet cycle. The influence degree of different harmful salts on the mass loss of concrete is as NaHCO3 > Na2SO4 > NaCl > water; the influence degree of different salts on the dynamic elastic modulus of concrete is as NaHCO3 > Na2SO4 > NaCl > water. Under the condition of dry-wet cycle, a variety of salts can make the erosion damage of concrete produce superposition effect, and make the concrete corrosion damage sharpened.


Groups are everywhere; in industry, in business, in government, in schools, any professional associations-it is omnipresent wherever people go together to get things done. Indeed, the peoples' management approach has made the collaborative group work as one of the inevitable feature that has swept through organizations during the last two decades of the twentieth century. Organizations have sold on the value of collaborative group work. One issue, which usually remains unaddressed, is how these performing groups are able to bring about drastic change, bringing good to the organizations' bottom line. Much has been written and said about the after results of the performing group. However, what is important to study is ultimately, what is the processes intervention that takes place from the formation to the working of a performing group. These are the dynamics that when left unattended; only widen the gap between what is promised and what can be accomplished. To gain further insight, authors have taken a case of a T.V. Glass manufacturing plant, a retrospective study to underneath the process of interventions and especially the various processes and their impact on the group, its members and on the overall performance of the group.


The Chinese society is now in a profound changing period of social transformation.If not dealt properly,the mass contingency events may become more acute,or even escalate into the riots under certain conditions.In such cases,relationships among different social classes are to be severely damaged and the stability of the whole society will be threatened.Strategies: 1) to identify the nature of a mass contingency event;2) to standardize languages and behaviors which are adopted when a mass contingency event is dealt;3) to promote rational solutions of a mass contingency event;4) to respect and safeguard rights and interests of the disadvantaged groups.


VESICULAR eruptions of the hands and feet are frequent problems to the dermatologist and the general practitioner alike. Eczematous contact dermatitis and fungus infections of the hands and feet are generally well understood and will be excluded from this discussion. Even more common in our practice than these are the vesicular eruptions of the hands and feet commonly referred to as dyshidrosis, pompholyx, or cheiropompholyx. A typical case of a vesicular eruption of the dyshidrotic type would be characterized by deep-set vesicles usually appearing in groups along the sides of the fingers or on the palms (Fig. 1). The lesions appear symmetrically and without previous erythema. The feet may be involved in a similar fashion with lesions on the dorsal surface of the great toe, sides of the toes, sides of the feet, or on the soles. Intense pruritus is often present 6 to 12 hours prior to


This paper presents a bibliometric study of the journal titled "International Journal of Library science" for the period 2010 to2017.: The main objectives is to identify the number of articles, authorship pattern,length of articles, authorship collaboration and gender wise of authorship. The result showed that out of 205 articles single author contributed 31(7.94%) articles while the rest 174(84.87%) articles were contributed by joint authors. Study reveals that most of the authors are male with 343 and female with 44. All the studies point towards the merits and weakness of the journal which will be helpful for its further development.


Aesthetic structure is essentially of a logic nature.According to epistemological and axiological aesthetics,aesthetic structure should exist in time and space simultaneously;it determines the concrete representation of the structure,the constitution of knowledge,and the way of conversion.While maintaining the nature of aesthetic structure,modern aesthetics pays more attention to the conversion of aesthetic information and thus is greatly promoted.


A design of experiments (DOE) approach has been used for the study of CVD ZrN coatings on cemented carbide substrates. DOE maximizes information gained from a set of experiments through statistical methods of design and analysis. A full factorial matrix of twenty experiments was designed using the variables (A) pressure, (B) temperature, (C) H 2 /ZrCl 4 and (D) N 2 /ZrCl 4 . Pressure ranged from 100 to 300 torr, temperature from 900 to 1050 °C, H 2 /ZrCl 4 from 20 to 60 and N 2 /ZrCl 4 from 5 to 25. The response for deposition rate is compared with theoretical prediction based on thermodynamic modeling of the system. A normal probability distribution was used to identify the variables that had a significant effect on deposition rate. These were found to be (B) temperature and (C) H 2 /ZrCl 4 . Interaction plots for (B) and (C) generated by the software clearly show this effect. These results are in agreement with the thermodynamic analysis and are similar to results for TiN coating. Other responses such as color, surface morphology, texture, adhesion and friction are reported.


After fluorite powder was directly pressed into pellet,the total content of Ca and the contents of Fe2O3,P,SiO2 and K2O were all analyzed with X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.Furthermore,the carbon content of the pellet was analyzed with infrared absorption spectrometry.Based on the carbon content in the pellet,the calcium content in CaCO3 was calculated.Then the CaF2 content in fluorite were obtained.This method is simple and accurate.A working curve was made using nine certified reference material and used to test the method.In addition,the No 5# in the certified reference material series(GBW07254)was used to test the accuracy and precision of the method and the results are satisfactory.


Excerpt The value of moccasin venom in the control of hemorrhage was pointed out by Peck and Rosenthal.1Peck had earlier found that moccasin venom would produce a refractory state to experimental p...


The utility model relates to an electronic cigarette and an electronic cigarette casing. The electronic cigarette casing comprises a cylindrical body and a fluff layer which is arranged on the external surface of the body. The fluff layer comprises a bonding layer which coats the external surface of the body and fluff which is vertically bonded to the bonding layer. According to the electronic cigarette casing, the fluff layer is arranged on the external surface of the body, the touch feeling of the electronic cigarette is good and a user feels like using a true cigarette.


Fibre optics links operating with multiplexed sensors data are potentially attractive for nuclear plant applications. Multimode silica fibres behaviour during long-term steady-state low dose rate /sup 60/Co exposure was studied as a joint program of LETI CE/Saclay with EDF/DER Centre des Renardieres.<<ETX>>


This article analyzes the shifting role of the fashion and consumer-goods industries in Soviet Russia's transition from an economy of scarcity to one of greater abundance.


In this paper a one-dimensional, isothermal model of a PEM fuel cell has been developed to investigate the effect of some structural and operational parameters on the cell performance. Also a homogenous model used to modeling the cathode catalyst layer (CCL) which numerically solved. Overall, the model predictions agree qualitatively with the experiment results. The structural and operational parameters which considered in this paper are: (i) the volume fraction of the Nafion® ionomer phase within the CCL, Lm,c ; (ii) the volume fraction of the gas diffusion layer (GDL) material buckled into the CCL, Lg,c ; (iii) the catalyst layer saturation, s; (iv) the membrane thickness, δm ; (v) membrane type (Nafion® or Dow); and (vi) operating cell pressure, P. The results show that with decreasing in saturation (decreasing the liquid water phase and increasing the gas water phase in the CL), the cell performance will improved. Also the result shows, the Lm,c and the membrane thickness are more effective parameters on CL performance than the others. The best performance are occurred at Lm,c = 0.4. The result indicates the linear increases in the cell performance for decreasing in the membrane thicknesses. Membrane thicknesses were calculated by assuming a 30% swelling of the dry membrane. The present model predicts some sensitivity to pressure variation and the cell performance will increase as pressure increases.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


Objective: To evaluate the clinical significance of the hydronephrosis level and the tumor diameter in ureteral transitional cell carcinoma. Methods: From 2005 to 2013, the medical records of 312 patients who were treated with nephroureterectomy and diagnosed with ureteral transitional cell carcinoma were retrospectively reviewed. The correlation between the two facotrs and the pathologic T(TNM)stage was investigated. The effects of the level of hydronephrosis and tumor diameter on the prognosis were evaluated. Results: The level of hydronephrosis was 0 in 33 patients, 1 to 2 in 108, and 3 to 4 in 171. The tumor diameter measured on the transverse section of the computed tomography scan was less than 1.5 cm in 120 patients, 1.5 cm or greater but less than 2.5 cm in 111 patients, and 2.5 cm or greater in 81 patients. Of the 171 patients with level 3 to 4 hydronephrosis, invasive tumor was found in 147(86.0%). Of the 192 patients with a tumor diameter of 1.5 cm or greater, invasive tumor was found in 153(79.7%). The level of hydronephrosis and the tumor diameter were correlated with the T stage(P0.001). Furthermore, the level of hydronephrosis(P=0.009) and the tumor diameter(P=0.001) had a significant influence on disease-specific survival. Conclusion: The results of the study have demonstrated that the level of hydronephrosis and the tumor diameter correlated with the pathologic T stage have a significant influence on prognosis. Therefore, radical surgery is required for patients with severe hydronephrosis or a large tumor, rather than conservative surgery.