This study examines the style of language used by national politicians Fadli Zon. This research is qualitative research with descriptive method. This research gives a systematic, factual and accurate description (description) of the facts, nature, and relationship between the phenomenon under investigation. The descriptive method in this research is used to obtain accurate data description to simplify the process of analysis. The technique of collecting data in this research using also using technique refer and note. In this study found there are seven styles of the language used by Fadli Zon that is alusio, repetition, hyperbole, simile, irony, metaphor and oxymoron. The most widely used language styles are repetition and hyperbole.


On-chip wireless links offer improved network performance due to long distance communication, additional bandwidth, and broadcasting capabilities of antennas. This work challenges the on-chip antenna design conventions, and pushes toward a Through-Silicon Via-based antenna design called TSV_A that establishes multi-band wireless communication through the silicon substrate medium with only a 3 dB loss over a 30mm on-chip distance. The TSV_A performance is evaluated in both Finite Element Method and system-level Network-on-Chip (NoC) simulations. A comparison to traditional wire-based NoCs, analysis of wireless multi-bands, and technology scaling to demonstrate the substantial area improvements compared to traditional wireless NoCs (up to 99.88%) are performed. Simulation results show an improvement in network latency up to ~13% (average improvement of ~7%), energy-delay improvements of ~34% on average, and an improvement in throughput up to ~34% (average improvement of ~23%), using Wireless NoC with multi-band TSV_As. The improved signal performance of TSV_A, and multi-band capabilities, are ideal for wireless intercell communication for programmable metasurfaces with dedicated communication layers.


One year ago journalist Corrie Perkin left her job at the 'Australian' to open a bookshop in Hawksburn Village in Melbourne's inner South-East. She shares her story.


A comparative study was conducted to investigate the variation of some functional factors as well as antioxidant markers among commercially important five Bangladeshi ripe mango (Mangifera indica L.) varieties such as Fazli, Langra, Ashwina, Himsagor, and Amrupali. Maximum amount of total soluble solid (20.13%) and reducing sugar (3.53%) were found in Amrupali in contrast to other varieties. Highest titratable acidity (0.798%) was observed in Ashwina and lowest acid content (0.154%) was found in Fazli among all varieties. Moreover, Fazli showed significantly higher pH value (6.0) than those of other varieties. The present study on antioxidant markers revealed that Ashwina and Langra showed significantly higher ascorbic acid content (65.66 and 59.17 mg/100 g) whereas Himsagor and Fazli showed lower ascorbic acid content (10.83 and 12.5 mg/100 g) compared to those of other varieties. A significantly highest level of total phenol contents was found in Langra followed by Ashwina, Amrupali, Fazli, and Himsagor. The highest DPPH ̇ radical scavenging activity was observed in Fazli variety among all other varieties. The linear regression analysis revealed that titratable acidity was inversely correlated with pH value. A positive relationship (R2 = 0.865) was found between TSS and reducing sugar. The relationship between total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of five mango varieties was found to be positive (R2 = 0.925) providing strong evidence that phenol content plays a vital role in the antioxidant activity of mango. Ascorbic acid content of the mango varieties was moderately (R2 = 0.76) proportional to their antioxidant activity. Results generated in this study revealed that Langra variety proved to be the best considering its antioxidant and functional properties.


Mechanical small bowel ileus may have several causes. In this Letter to the Editor we would like to remind of its rare cause, i.e. the gallstone ileus – Bouveret's syndrome, based on our case. Bouveret's syndrome is a relatively rare variant of intestinal obstruction [1] caused by a gallstone migrating through the bilio-duodenal fistula. Proper treatment can be delayed due to the nonspecific symptoms, which may cause a considerable mortality [2, 3]. Radiological signs, known as Rigler's triad for gallstone ileus, include pneumobilia, an ectopic gallstone, and small bowel obstruction. Imaging of the abdomen by plain X-rays or computer tomography (CT) is recommended [4]. The mainstay of management is surgical removal of the impacted stone [5]. A 79-year-old man presented to the Emergency Department with a 5-day history of abdominal pain and persistent vomiting. His medical history included a type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cholecystolithiasis, and obesity. His initial laboratory evaluation revealed a high white blood cell count (15.3 × 103/μl) and elevated C-reactive protein (44.3 mg/l). The patient was referred for an abdominal CT scan, and radiological findings suggested a small bowel obstruction. CT showed a distended, liquid-filled stomach and the ectopic gallstone in the proximal jejunum, which appeared large and round (Figure 1). Proximal small bowel loops were liquid filled and dilatated and distally collapsed. In addition, the thickening of the gallbladder wall, pericholecystic fat stranding, pneumobilia, and bilio-duodenal fistula were visualized (Figure 2). The patient underwent an emergency surgery, and a 6-cm stone was successfully retrieved (Figure 3). The surgery and initial postoperative course have been uneventful. Bouveret's syndrome is rare and represents less than 5% of all cases of gallstone ileus [6]. The common risk factors are female sex, older age, with frequent associated comorbidities, obesity, and gallstones size greater than 2.5 cm. Common clinical symptoms are abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Rigler's triad in radiologic examination are necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Although, there are no definitive guidelines on the approach and management of this condition, the most common is surgical treatment [7]. The tailored procedure must be considered individually, based on the patient's condition and age. Moreover, optimal time of surgery and sometimes a restrictive surgical approach are crucial for satisfactory patient outcomes.


We seek an evolutionary explanation for why in some situations humans maintain either optimistic or pessimistic attitudes toward uncertainty and are ignorant to relevant aspects of their environment. Players in strategic games face Knightian uncertainty about opponents' actions and maximize individually their Choquet expected utility with respect to neo-additive capacities (Chateauneuf et al. 2007 ) allowing for both an optimistic or pessimistic attitude toward uncertainty as well as ignorance to strategic dependencies. An optimist (resp. pessimist) overweighs good (resp. bad) outcomes. A complete ignorant never reacts to opponents' changes of actions. We focus on sub- and supermodular aggregative games and provide monotone comparative statics w.r.t. optimism/pessimism. With qualifications, we show that in finite populations, optimistic (resp. pessimistic) complete ignorance is evolutionary stable and yields a strategic advantage in submodular (resp. supermodular) games with aggregate externalities. Moreover, this evolutionary stable preference leads to Walrasian behavior in these classes of games.


B^sume The present investigation conoems the neutron activation analysis ofaqueous samples, consisting of water solutions and whole blood irradiated in the solid phase by freezing the samples to a temperatiire of —40 °C. The freezing technique offers various advantages: The pressure in the ampoules caused by the radiolysis of water is considerably reduced when the aqueous samples are irradiated in the solid phaae. Losses of activities due to vaporization effects as weil as the adsorption of activities on Container walls are strongly suppressed. The interference of nuchdes from Container walls is also avoided. The freezing technique has thus been applied in the determination of organically bound iodine in aqueous Solution, of mercury in whole blood, and of the elements antimony, arsenic, bromine, cadmium, copper, mercury molybdenum, selenium, sodium, tungsten and uranium in water.


Activity budgets of individual American Flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber ruber) wintering on the north coast of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, were measured from mid-January through mid-March 1989 for feeding aggregations ranging in size from 1-8,000 individuals to determine potential social influences on foraging. For groups of <3,500, aggregation size was related positively (r = 0.90) to feeding head down, whereas feeding head up and alert behaviors were related negatively (r = -0.85 and r = -0.85, respectively). Overall, feeding time was higher and aggression was much lower than observed in foraging flocks of American Flamingos in Venezuela. We relate these differences to changes in food abundance and availability following Hurricane Gilbert.


Making a fitting clinical decision is one of the abilities of ethically capable professionals. It is not surprising therefore that so much thought and energy is devoted to this subject in nurse education and in the pages of journals such as Nursing Ethics. The influences on decision making do change in many different ways and therefore need to be constantly reviewed. Although the act of decision making is not the primary focus of the articles in this issue, the wider question of 'what influences our decision making?' clearly is. A similar underlying theme is the importance of narrative. Ann-Marie Begley writes about a tool for student nurses to learn decision making by presenting a situation that has all the drama of a novel. For women and their partners who have longed to have a child, and finally succeeded in conceiving, finding themselves 'too pregnant' can be a predicament. Situations become problems when there is a lack of preparedness. This scenario is dramatic, but a very real tool for student nurses to learn ethical reasoning, caring and decision making. Although this particular problem mainly has relevance in developed countries, the argument can be applied in situations in developing countries, where the difficulty may simply be too many pregnancies. Thus, a teaching tool in one setting can be adapted and considered from different cultural angles, an increasingly important development. Indeed, the article written by Sung-Suk Han and Sung-Hee Ahn, poses the setting of decision making in a Korean cultural framework. The authors used western parameters of ethics and decision making, testing their students for their capacity to decide. The students had some difficulties, but one wonders if they were due to their professional inexperience and perhaps lack of life experience, or if they would have been more at ease using a different set of criteria more relevant to their own culture and background. The influence that clinical supervision has on nurses' moral decision making is considered by Ingela Berggren and Elisabeth Severinsson. They consider the topic from the practical angle: having or not having supervision. This is useful for research and for resources. It also points to the other theme in these articles: that of narrative. Most nurses believe that they have learned their ethics – and perhaps most life values – from other people, not textbooks or lectures. One needs therefore to question here, also, if it is simply the fact of experiencing supervision, or if the person of the supervisor is the more important element. Both Leila Shotton and Berit Brinchmann are concerned with the contribution of nurses at critical stages of their patients' lives, although at opposite ends of


The subsistence and development of college students with financial problems have become a social problem that cannot be ignored. At a time when the government support is limited,social capital can be another solution to the problem.The current obstacle to the funding of these students comes primarily from the scantiness of social capital at colleges and universities.Therefore,the promotion of the homogeneous social capital and fostering of the heterogeneous will help improve the gross social-capital stock among this group of students,thereby fulfilling the harmonious practice of anti-poverty programs at colleges and universities.


In FU Qing-zhu Gynecology,there are some original views about dampness.This paper will discuss the characteristics that FU Qing-zhu treats dampness from the aspects of etiology,therapeutic methods and herbs.


Change of activities of SOD and CAT enzymes in liver of fish Xiangyunji, exposed at solution of 25% EC Sportak, is determined in this present test. The results indicated that the activities of SOD and CAT changed obviously with different concentrations and time. For the test groups treated with same concentration (1.5 mg·L-1) at different times (8?24?48?72?96 h), the activities of SOD and CAT decreased initially, then increased, and the inhibition rate increased initially and then decreased. For the tested groups treated with the same time(96 h) but at different concentrations(0?0.6?0.9?1.2?1.5 mg·L-1, the activity of SOD decreased with concentrations and the inhibitionrate increased, IC50=2.0 mg·L-1. The activity of CAT decreased and its inhibition rate increased with concentrations, IC50 was 1.7 mg·L-1.


Abstract Di-and trithiocarbonate complexes of palladium(II) have been prepared by the action of O2 or S8 on PdL2(η2 -CS2) in the presence of excess L (L = phosphine ligand). 31P NMR data for Pd(PPh3)2(CS2O) are consistent with the presence in solution of both S̱,S̱ and S̱,O̱ coordinated dithiocarbonate. An X-ray crystal structure of the dichloromethane solvate [P1̄, a = 1103.6(4), b = 1343.4(5), c = 1368.5(5) pm, α = 94.77(3), β = 94.67(3), γ = 113.64(3)°, Z = 2, R = 0.059] suggests that an equivalent disorder may occur in the solid state.


A survey of 300 independent practitioners found that 81% had at least one incident of patient physical attack, verbal abuse, or othPi harassment in private practice, at another job, or both. Verbal abuse was the most frequently reported event. Physical attacks were about twice as common at jobs in hospitals and clinics than in independent practice. However, other harassments, such as annoyance phone calls and threats to sue, were more common in private work than at other jobs. Since these types ..,f incidents occur with some frequency, it seems advisable t( discuss them and how to prevent or deal with them.


The invention discloses a safety verification method and device for virtual machine mirror images. The method comprises the steps that when the virtual machine mirror images are guided out, mirror image manufacturing equipment verifies the completeness of the virtual machine mirror images so as to obtain completeness verification value; the mirror image manufacturing equipment encrypts the completeness verification value so as to obtain a digital signature, wherein the digital signature exists independent of the virtual machine mirror images. The safety verification method and device for the virtual machine mirror images solves the safety problem due to the fact that digital signatures can not be managed dependently, and ensures the safety of a virtual machine system.


For studying the corporate heredity regulation,it has made the series supposition and the corporate gene separation regulation,free combination regulation,the corporate gene rebuilding regulation were discovered.It has pointed out the difference between the corporate heredity regulation and the biology heredity regulation and also has discussed the idealism and the satisfied qualification of the corporate gene separation and free combination regulation.The author has used the corporate gene separation and the free combination regulation to explain the integrated culture models and the combination models of the culture and technology,and also used the corporate gene rebuilding regulation to explain the phenomenon of the non-asset MA.


The D-minimax criterion for estimating slopes of a response surface involving k factors is considered for situations where the experimental region χ and the region of interest ℜ are co-centered cubes but not necessarily identical. Taking χ = [ − 1, 1]k and ℜ = [ − R, R]k, optimal designs under the criterion for the full second-order model are derived for various values of R and their relative performances investigated. The asymptotically optimal design as R → ∞ is also derived and investigated. In addition, the optimal designs within the class of product designs are obtained. In the asymptotic case it is found that the optimal product design is given by a solution of a cubic equation that reduces to a quadratic equation for k = 3 and 6. Relative performances of various designs obtained are examined. In particular, the optimal asymptotic product design and the traditional D-optimal design are compared and it is found that the former performs very well.


I enjoyed reading the various Commentary articles on storytelling and narrative medicine in the August 2007 issue of Canadian Family Physician (pages 1265–89). The articles illustrated the wonderful integration of disciplines in family medicine — anthropology to spirituality, biological


Dr William Henry Goldwyer founded what was to become Bristol Eye Hospital when he opened ''The Institution for the Cure of Disease of the Eye Amongst the Poor'' in a house in Lower Maudlin Street in 1808. At Bristol Eye hospital there is a modest collection of antique ophthalmic instruments and tools. It is hoped that in the near future the collection will be displayed within a small museum within one of the waiting areas for the public to view. Currently the collection is in a cabinet that is only accessible by staff. The current housing for the collection is a colossal, late 18th century glass fronted mahogany bookcase located in the boardroom, measuring nearly three metres tall by four metres wide and over one metre deep at the centre section; some of the items can be seen, yet many are hidden or on shelves too high to view (1a-c) there is also no public access. It is intended that in the future the collection will have a permanent display within the eye hospital, with the intent of changing the contents on a regular basis so that it is kept fresh and interesting for patients, visitors and staff alike. As some of the items are quite distinct and beautiful in their own right (2a-c), the ophthalmic photography team will be photographing some of them to showcase both in the museum and around the hospital, as well as standard representations of the items we will be taking some more artistic images to emphasise the elegance of their design. For instance within the collection there are several large syringes, one bearing a crest and location embossed on the outside, another has an unusual tip (3a-b). These details make for interesting images and as part of the project staff are hoping to discover who used the instruments and for what purpose. Some of the smaller instruments are kept in specially designed cases which are lined with deep red velvet and have the hospital's details scribed on the lid (4a-c). Of course today they would not pass modern hygiene standards, however, the hospital dates back to 1810 meaning that some of the instruments within the collection may well have been used before the widespread adoption of general or local anaesthetic. The scalpels photographed here still look sharp enough to perform surgery today, even though they haven't been used in decades if not more than a century. There are ledgers dating back to 1888 which catalogue the procedures performed and by whom (5a-b). Bristol Eye hospital has been at the same address for over two hundred years, obviously there have been considerable changes over that time, yet some of the procedures performed today would be recognisable by ophthalmologists practicing at that time, those who walked the corridors and cared for patients in rooms that are now offices and held discussions around the same table, in the boardroom that we still use today. As previously documented in The Journal of Visual Communication in Medicine, The medical illustration team at Bristol Royal infirmary found a collection of Victorian medical photographs, which included some ophthalmic images once the ophthalmic collection is displayed it is hoped that either the book, or images copied from it, will be displayed alongside it. Because of the wonderful history of ophthalmology within Bristol Eye hospital, it would be fitting to share it with patients and visitors. It is hoped that in doing so the collection will educate and inspire, as well as help patients understand the history of medicine and the long history of ophthalmic medicine at Bristol Eye Hospital.


Abstract : This project enhances the capabilities of the Logistics Battle Command (LBC) model in two key areas: updating the underlying software architecture from 32-bit Java (1.6) to 64-bit Java (1.8) and the development and implementation of a dynamic attrition module.


This paper presents novel algorithms for fault location in single-circuit and double-circuit transmission lines in any general n-bus interconnected power system. The algorithms use the data available at one end of the faulted line. The effects of fault resistance, remote infeed, and pre-fault load flow are fully taken into consideration in the proposed algorithms. The novelty of these algorithms is in accounting for the system's interconnectivity by using a two-bus Thevenin equivalent network instead of the simplified two-equivalent-source model usually employed in fault location studies. The algorithms have been tested on an 11-bus interconnected power system for various fault conditions, using transient data obtained from PSCAD/EMTDC simulations. The results indicate the ability of the algorithms to compute fault location with high accuracy.


The ecological environment is rapidly degraded with the rapid decline of groundwater resources in Minqin county at the downstream Shiyang river.To this end,the Minqin county tries to control the exploitation of groundwater resources primarily through the "shut-will and pressure-farmland".In that case,what effect does it will have for agricultural output in different limits of groundwater exploitation? In this paper,agricultural production systems are analyzed optimizing by restricting the conditions of water resources and by farmer's data and by the linear programming method.The results showed that 2 × 108m3-3 × 108m3 water can be saved by adjusting the planting and breeding industry.The arable land can be cut from now 62 028.7 hm2 down to 43 129.6 hm2.Area of corn and alfalfa should be expanded and area of other crops should be reduced in the plantations sector.Alfalfa should be expanded in area since its low water requirement.Saving water and the compression cultivated area must proceed in an orderly way.Simultaneously,we must complete the extra population placement and the immigration,establish water market,and use economic levers to regulate the use efficiency of water resources.This is the only way to improve water use efficiency in arid regions.


A semiconductor device has transistors (P1, P10, P11) formed in an active region (22) isolated by a trench isolation region, and a predetermined circuit including a first and Second transistors (P10, P11) that require symmetry or relativity characteristics, wherein the distances (S1) between a gate electrode and one end of the active region on a Source Side Viewed from the gate electrode in the first and Second transistor are Substantially Same, and the distances (D1) between a gate electrode and one end of the active region on a drain Side viewed from the gate electrode in the first and Second transistor are Substantially Same. The predetermined circuit includes, for example, a current mirror circuit that has a transistor pair of which gate is commonly connected, and a differential circuit that has a transistor pair whose Sources are commonly connected, where an input signal is Supplied to the gate, and an output signal is generated in the drain.


The invention belongs to the technical field of copper foil preparation, and in particular relates to a method for improving anti-stripping value between copper foil and a base material. The method comprises the steps of primary treatment of initial copper foil, secondary treatment, bonding by a binder, and the like. For improving the anti-stripping value between the copper foil and the base material, on one hand, copper lutetium peak height of an M surface of the copper foil is dramatically improved, namely improving the RZ value; on the other hand, a special binder is chosen in a surface processing stage of the base material so as to increase the binding force of the copper foil and the base material. The method combines the above-described two aspects to improve the anti-stripping value between the copper foil and the base material. After the continuous two times of treatment, the tested anti-stripping value between the initial copper foil and the base material of polyethylene resin bonding sheet press plate can reach about 0.5 N/mm, and the anti-stripping value can basically satisfy the actual use demands. By matching the selection of the binder, a better technological base for preparing circuit boards with higher anti-stripping value, in particular for preparing lithium ion battery overcurrent protection sheets is established.


On tissue engineering field the research about skin substitutes represents historically the most promising approach to heal acute and chronic skin wounds, reducing requirements for donor skin autografts. Aim of this chapter is to made the state of art of the most important skin substitutes and to resume the principal tissue engineering techniques for its in vitro reconstruction. In the first part we will pay the attention to the description of the evolutive course of skin substitutes, stressing the main steps happened thanks to the important inputs coming from biotechnologies progresses and clinical practice. Since then the research in bioengineering skin, moved by clinical pressing of reconstructive and burn surgery, made progresses trying to develop cutaneous substitutes very similar to native skin by a morpho-functional point of view. So it has been possible, starting from a 2X2 cm skin human biopsy, to realize completely autologous cutaneous substitutes not only composed of two many structures of skin, dermis and epidermis, but containing also other important components: microvascular network, micro nervous network, skin immonocompetent system and melanocyte system. The final goal is to develop effective and easy handling skin substitutes that could be reproduce human skin anatomy and physiology, introducing new advantages linked to successful grafting and then to satisfactory clinical results by functional and aesthetic point of view. The Tissue Engineering approach has major advantages over traditional organ transplantation and circumvents the problem of organ shortage. Tissues that closely match the patient's needs can be reconstructed from readily available biopsies and subsequently be implanted with minimal or no immunogenicity. This eventually conquers several limitations encountered in tissue transplantation approaches. This book serves as a good starting point for anyone interested in the application of Tissue Engineering. It offers a colorful mix of topics, which explain the obstacles and possible solutions for TE applications.


In this paper, we use three-dimensional kinetic Monte Carlo simulations on superlattices to study the hetero-polytypical growth of cubic silicon carbide polytype (3C-SiC) on hexagonal 6H-SiC step-bunched substrates with miscuts towards the and directions. We find that the preferential 3C conversion observed on misoriented substrates could be due to a different step-to-island interaction which enhances island stability and expansion in this specific direction. For this reason 3-4 degrees off step-bunched 6H substrates with miscut towards the direction should be the best choice for the stable and reproducible hetero-polytypical growth of high quality cubic epitaxial films. (© 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


In recent years, research has expanded the list of the contractile proteins to at least four: two, actin and myosin, whose interaction is primary, and two, tropomyosin and the troponin complex, whose action is modulatory, serving to inhibit the primary actomyosin interaction. As the contractile proteins have become better understood, so too has the role of calcium ion, which can now be construed as the inactivator of the inhibitor molecules.


To improve the adaptability of the cable arrangement mechanism of a winch and ensure the neat arrangement of the cable on the drum with different disturbances and uncertainties, a nonlinear speed tracking controller NSMC-ESO based on sliding mode control with a novel approaching law (NSMC) and extended state control (ESO) is proposed in this paper. The stability and convergence of the whole system are proved by the Lyapunov stability theory and verified by simulation experiments. Simulation results show that the NSMC-ESO controller has high tracking performance and strong robustness against external disturbance and system uncertainty.


The purpose of this analysis is to develop a probability distribution for flowing interval spacing. A flowing interval is defined as a fractured zone that transmits flow in the Saturated Zone (SZ), as identified through borehole flow meter surveys (Figure 1). This analysis uses the term ''flowing interval spacing'' as opposed to fractured spacing, which is typically used in the literature. The term fracture spacing was not used in this analysis because the data used identify a zone (or a flowing interval) that contains fluid-conducting fractures but does not distinguish how many or which fractures comprise the flowing interval. The flowing interval spacing is measured between the midpoints of each flowing interval. Fracture spacing within the SZ is defined as the spacing between fractures, with no regard to which fractures are carrying flow. The Development Plan associated with this analysis is entitled, ''Probability Distribution for Flowing Interval Spacing'', (CRWMS M&O 2000a). The parameter from this analysis may be used in the TSPA SR/LA Saturated Zone Flow and Transport Work Direction and Planning Documents: (1) ''Abstraction of Matrix Diffusion for SZ Flow and Transport Analyses'' (CRWMS M&O 1999a) and (2) ''Incorporation of Heterogeneity in SZ Flow and Transport Analyses'', (CRWMS M&Omore » 1999b). A limitation of this analysis is that the probability distribution of flowing interval spacing may underestimate the effect of incorporating matrix diffusion processes in the SZ transport model because of the possible overestimation of the flowing interval spacing. Larger flowing interval spacing results in a decrease in the matrix diffusion processes. This analysis may overestimate the flowing interval spacing because the number of fractures that contribute to a flowing interval cannot be determined from the data. Because each flowing interval probably has more than one fracture contributing to a flowing interval, the true flowing interval spacing could be less than the spacing determined in this analysis. Therefore, in terms of repository performance the results of this analysis may underestimate the effect of matrix diffusion processes in SZ transport models. In summary, performance analysis will be conservative if the flowing interval spacing determined by this study is used in the simulation of mass transport in the saturated zone instead of the fracture spacing.« less


ABSTRACT Ammonium nitrate (AN) and ammonium perchlorate (AP) are investigated as propellants for their thermal decomposition behaviors and burning characteristics. The performance effects of AP particle size, AP content in the oxidizer (ξ), and a catalytic amount of Fe2O3 on the propellants are evaluated. A dependency exists between the thermal decomposition behaviors of the propellants and both AP particle size and ξ. Addition of Fe2O3 further affected the thermal decomposition behaviors of the propellants; these behaviors are not dependent on the added amount. Furthermore, the burning characteristics are dependent on the AP size, ξ, and the amount of Fe2O3 added. The low-pressure ignitability of the propellants containing 2% Fe2O3 with ξ = 0.2 and 0.4 is inferior to the propellant with ξ = 0 (no AP) and the propellants containing 4% Fe2O3 with ξ = 0.2 and 0.4. An increase in 4% Fe2O3 caused a positive catalytic effect, causing an equal or higher burning rate of the propellants than that of 2% Fe2O3, except in the case of AN/AP propellants with coarse AP at ξ = 0.4 and 0.6 above 4 MPa.


This study was carried out in order to determine the possibility of using invalid wheat and rice grindery. Also, using the starch and reed to prepare an active formulation of the bio-control agent (Trichoderma hazanium) as well as to evaluate the efficiency of this formulations to control Fusarium wilt disease on cucumber plant( Cucumis sativus ) caused by Fusarium solani, after one month of storage in room degree. The results showed the efficiency of using Reed and Starch powder as a nutritive substrate to act as a carrier for the biological agent Trichoderma harzanium in a form of pellets where the values of flowers number, chloroplyle content, leaves number and plant height were (1.6, 9.2, 4, 17.5)/plant respectively for the reed carrier treatment. Also values were( 4.3, 9.9, 4, 21.1)/plant respectively for starch carrier treatment in compare to the control. Viability to control Fusarium wilt disease after storage for a month under room temperature, reached maximum value with the reed carrier were the average of the healthy plants reached(8.6) followed by starch carrier(8.3), in compare to the Fusarium solani (4.6).


A 76-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of fever, weight loss and night sweats. Abdominal examination revealed marked hepatosplenomegaly but no peripheral lymphadenopathy. The results of his blood analysis were as follows: white blood cell count, 4Æ46 · 10/l (69Æ5% neutrophils, 13Æ5% lymphocytes and 15Æ5% monocytes); haemoglobin, 103 g/l; platelet count, 333 · 10/l; lactate dehydrogenase, 476 iu/l; and C-reactive protein, 195Æ6 mg/l. Plasma levels of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) were elevated to 608 pg/ml (normal: <373 pg/ml). Computed tomography scans showed a tumour mass in the anterior mediastinum and left diaphragm, hepatosplenomegaly and multiple splenic lesions, the largest of which was 5Æ0 · 5Æ3 · 5Æ0 cm. A splenectomy was performed for diagnostic purposes. Histological examination of the spleen showed diffuse proliferation of large lymphoid cells that totally effaced the organ's architecture (left; haematoxylin & eosin). Abnormal cells were positive for M-CSF (EP1179Y; LifeSpan Biosciences, Seattle, WA, USA) (right). Epstein–Barr-encoded RNA in situ hybridization was negative. Southern blot analysis showed a clonal rearrangement of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene. These findings were consistent with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (DLBCL, NOS), stage IIIsB. The M-CSF plasma level decreased to 454 pg/ml following treatment with two courses of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone (R-CHOP) therapy, and after three courses, the patient's clinical symptoms, lymphoma lesions and monocytosis disappeared, with a white blood cell count of 5Æ62 · 10/l (61% neutrophils, 32% lymphocytes and 4Æ5% monocytes). This case clearly demonstrates production of M-CSF by neoplastic cells of DLBCL with chemotherapy-induced reduction in tumour size being paralleled by a fall in the monocyte count. Elevated levels of M-CSF may lead clinicians to misdiagnose patients as having inflammatory or infectious diseases rather than neoplastic disease. Therefore, it is important to recognize this paraneoplastic phenomenon associated with some DLBCL, NOS. M-CSF may be used as a tumour marker for some cases of DLBCL, NOS, with potential applications to the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.


Abstract Theory‐based, user‐informed interventions are needed to increase the low participation rates of population‐based faecal occult blood test (FOBT) bowel cancer screening. This study investigated the theoretical fit of the health action process approach (HAPA) for home FOBT screening and measured screening invitees' attitudes towards different intervention strategies. A cross‐sectional sample (n = 377), aged 50–74 years, participated in this study. Two scales were created for this study. The process approach to mail‐out screening (PAMS) scale measured HAPA constructs, and the user ratings of mail‐out screening interventions (UR‐MSI) scale measured attitudes towards different intervention strategies. Structural equation modelling was used to assess the fit of PAMS scale responses to the HAPA model, and descriptive statistics were calculated for UR‐MSI responses. PAMS results showed acceptable model fit, CFI = .968, RMSEA = .050 and explained 49.9% of the variation in FOBT screening participation. Positive ratings of interventions ranged from 20.47%, an intervention prompting planning to complete the FOBT kit, to 72.25%, an intervention promoting the positive health outcome associated with FOBT screening. Intervention strategies should be combined such that they target all factors specified within the HAPA model. User‐informed intervention design should be used to effectively facilitate FOBT uptake in the community.


Competition among domestic automotive market has become increasingly fierce because of the globalization of Chinese automotive market as well as participation and investment of overseas automotive giants. As professional logistics enterprise, the third-party logistics possesses professional logistics talents and experience as well as modern logistics system and broad information platform for logistics, which can improve an enterprise's core competition and service quality while lowering the logistics cost. Meanwhile, it can make quick reaction to market demands by timely track and information service so as to reduce the logistics risk of an enterprise. Keywords-the third-party logistics, automotive manufacturing enterprises, operation mode of third-party logistics


Aim: To identify the changes in clinical findings before and after treatment associated with enteric colibacillosis in lambs under different managemental setup. Materials and Methods: Clinical trial was designed on thirty lambs showing the following signs: scanty fecal volume to profuse watery to whitish diarrhoea, varying degree of dehydration, respiration and heart rate, pale mucous membrane and prolonged capillary refill time. Results: Clinical signs associated with colibacillosis varied significantly (P<0.05) before and after treatment. On first day, all the clinical signs were perfectly described and pathogenic Escherichia coli serotypes were isolated from all the affected lambs. Treatment regimen used (antibacterial) in four different groups of clinical cases of colibacillosis indicated gradual improvement and clinical findings started to normalize after the treatment was commenced. Conclusion: The clinical severity may vary according to the number of organisms and the physiological condition of the affected animals. Skin fold test was a more significant indicator of dehydration and fluid loss in diarrheic lambs than eyeball recession. Capillary refill time was a reliable and a significant indicator of peripheral perfusion among diarrheic lambs.


We have prepared a second harmonic (SH) active polymer LB film of copoly(2‐{N‐ethyl‐N‐[4‐(4‐nitrophenylazo)phenyl]amino}ethyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate) by means of horizontal deposition. Considerably high susceptibilities χzzz=41.9 pm/V (1.00×10−7 esu) and χzxx=7.33 pm/V (1.75×10−8 esu) were obtained without poling process. Although the initial 4 monolayers show no SH activity, the monolayers more than fifth have a SH active structure.


According to the university students in our country, being able to perform the ergonomic sequence and under sequence design can only be achieved by determining the anthropometric measurements that are specific to them. This study was conducted among 400 students (200 males; 200 females) and belonging to Ankara University Faculty of Letters students which were selected randomly. 16 Anthropometric measurements were measured from each students. In order to ergonomic sequence and under sequence design height, sting height maximum body wideness were measured. Anthropometric Measurements mean, significance and percentage data analysis was made and evaluated. The ergonomic sequence and under sequence design were conducted with the help of university students measurements It was observed that the pre-made ergonomic sequence and under sequence design used by the students at our faculty were designed and produced without taking into account the anthropometric dimensions in Turkey and as well other countries. Our future guaranty is student which plays an important role in providing significant contributions and motivation to education and training, and role in the development and the settlement of students' capabilities of planned work, order, cleanliness and organization. The contribution of each type of product designed and manufactured ergonomically for the students to be healthy is undeniable to their development.


ObjectiveTo measure serum thrombopoietin levels and to investigate their relationship with platelet counts and other potential determinants in septic patients. DesignProspective study comparing septic patients and healthy volunteers. SettingGeneral intensive care units in two tertiary university hospitals. PatientsA total of 152 consecutive septic patients (69 with sepsis, 24 with severe sepsis, and 59 with septic shock). Twenty-two healthy volunteers served as control subjects. Sepsis severity was determined by grading septic patients in those having sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock. InterventionsNone. Measurements and Main ResultsAfter blood sampling, platelet counts, and serum thrombopoietin, interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels were measured. Platelets did not decrease in patients with sepsis, but they significantly decreased in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock (p < .01 vs. controls and sepsis). In contrast, thrombopoietin levels (median [range]) increased in patients with sepsis (159 [34–1272] pg/mL) compared with controls (57 [33–333] pg/mL, p < .001), exhibiting further significant increase in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock (461 [73–1550] and 522 [45–2313] pg/mL, respectively, p < .001 vs. sepsis). In multiple regression analysis, thrombopoietin levels were independently related only to sepsis severity (higher in patients with increased sepsis severity, p < .001) and platelet counts (higher in patients with lower platelet counts, p = .004). Sepsis severity accounted for most of the variance explained by the model. Thrombopoietin was significantly related to interleukin-6 (r2 = .26) and C-reactive protein (r2 = .37, p < .001 for both). In serial measurements, interleukin-6 peak values constantly preceded those of thrombopoietin, whereas peaks in thrombopoietin levels coincided with clinical episodes of septic shock. ConclusionsSepsis severity is the major determinant of elevated thrombopoietin levels in septic patients, whereas platelet count is a secondary determinant. Thrombopoietin represents a potential marker of sepsis severity.


Introduction and objectives: The prognosis of patients with slight cranioencephalic trauma is not safe when it only settles down on the base of score according to Glasgow's scale, being excellent the contribution of TC of skull. Nevertheless, when a so great volume of patients appears determination of risk factors of undergoing secondary complications to trauma allows the optimization of use of this resource. We investigated relation of different symptoms and signs from the patient with the appearance of complicated slight cranioencephalic trauma. Material and methods: To sample of 252 patients, surveyed of continuous form, a study multivaried with aid of the package of statistical programs SPSS/PC+ practiced to them. Results: The variables intensity, trauma and physical examination showed a high efficiency in the prediction of all degrees of complicated slight cranioencephalic trauma. On the other hand, the simptomatology was fundamentally related to the appearance of abnormalities in the TC of skull and the detection of craneal fracture with the necessity of neuroquirurgic intervention. Conclusions: The factors prognoses of relevance for the detection of complicated slight cranioencephalic trauma are: traumatisms of great intensity, appearance of abnormalities in neurological the physical examination and detection of craneal fracture. On this base the algorithms for the protocolized handling of these patients must be applied.


he paper explores countries' post-graduation policies and strategies for students from developing countries. Four European countries (Germany, Norway, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom) are examined with respect to specific instruments and overall policy packages encouraging a retention or return of students from developing countries. A qualitative design was used to thoroughly analyse these national policies and practices. Data was gathered by document analyses and interviews with relevant stakeholders/institutions. The paper thereby addresses a specific aspect of highly skilled migration: the mobility of international students. Industrialised countries are interested in international students as they are perceived as 'designer immigrants'. Therefore they liberalise policies intending to attract and retain international students. Among this group, especially students from developing countries are of interest. The study assesses the effects of these national policies on the position of developing countries (sending countries) in terms of brain drain, brain gain and brain circulation. The analysis shows that the countries under study have no coherent post-graduation policies for students from developing countries in place. The issue of brain drain, brain gain and brain circulation is not on top of the policy agenda of receiving countries. Moreover, the results raise concerns of a brain drain situation for developing countries. Accordingly, receiving countries and policy makers could make improvements by taking a more conscious position with regard to their post-graduation strategies for students from developing countries. A more coherent set of policies would be desirable as well.


The original idea for this research came from a combination of the work that Richard Sandell has done on social inclusion in the United Kingdom, and my personal experiences with chronic pain. The aim of this research is to make known the experiences of chronic pain survivors in New Zealand and also to bring understanding about a range of invisible illnesses where chronic pain is a major symptom. Research methods used include surveys using quota sampling and content analysis, case studies, and an exhibition proposal.  People living with chronic pain make up one in five New Zealanders, meaning just over 900,000 people have this condition/disability/illness. Yet, have you heard anyone talk about it? Cancer is often spoken about, but it only effects around 20,000 New Zealanders. Mental health problems are contemporaneous but only effect approximately 582,000 people in New Zealand. However chronic pain cannot kill, or can it? Many people who have chronic pain have other co-morbid disorders such as depression. Chronic pain needs more publicity, it yearns to be spoken about and understood. People with chronic pain have said that they feel misunderstood and unheard not only by family, friends and colleagues but also by their medical professionals as well.  This research looks at whether there would be support from both the chronic pain community and healthy New Zealanders for an art exhibition about chronic pain. The exhibition would contain art produced by people with chronic pain and depict their daily lives with their condition(s). It also offers a contribution to museum studies and current practice by attending to a gap in the New Zealand literature, not even well covered by overseas literature, on this subject. It is the first dissertation to focus on pain in a museum/gallery setting in New Zealand and opens up public interaction and discussion about a taboo topic.  New Zealand museums and galleries have to have the ability to challenge preconceived opinions and ideas about chronic pain, as well as the opportunity to engage with a large and often invisible community.


An analysis of programming on 34 national broadcast television networks in nine Far East Asian countries shows that in countries that are wealthier and/or that devote relatively large proportions of their gross domestic product (GDP) to broadcast media, larger percentages of TV program hours are domestically produced, particularly drama programs. A main suggestion of our analysis is that in Far East Asia the economic impact of new video media development on domestic production industries and on public television systems will be less than has been experienced in Western Europe.


In cultural and anthropological matters, outsiders have some advantages; habits peculiar to one culture may appear as "just normal and natural" to one living close to it.
 As an example, and without straying from the topic, the Otomi Indians in Mexico who have magnificent teeth, described their own diet as entirely soft. Yet observation showed that they chew toasted haba beans of a hardness that makes it almost impossible for others to chew them. They also crack open nuts-a staple-with their teeth.


Weeds are a problem in most communities and regulations exist regarding their control. However re-growth means that areas may have to be weeded several times a year. The objective of this study was to reduce or eliminate weed re-growth by destroying the root system. It was demonstrated that application of high voltage was effective for root destruction and that selective application was possible.


CAMH is now open for Short Research Article submissions and we encourage any interested authors to submit. The Short Research Article section of CAMH aims to facilitate publications of succinct scientific information that will advance the field of CAMH such that there is a prompt change in an ongoing clinical practice or perspective.


The article deals with the eternal problem of the creator and his creation, raised by the Austrian writer of the first half of the twentieth century, Hermann Broch, in his majestic novel "The Death of Virgil". Broch gives his own interpretation of the intention of the ancient poet at the end of his life to destroy his most perfect work, one of the glorious examples of ancient Roman literature – "The Aeneid", thus comprehending his work (as well as Broch his own) as a desire to know the truth. The Austrian writer, based on his own theory of values, insists on the Christian component of Virgil's difficult decision, arguing that the poet's real duty is not to serve beauty, but to "wake up and come to the rescue." In the simultaneous co-presence of antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modernity in the work, new meanings are born related to the problem of poetic and human vocation. The article focuses on Broch's creation of his own Orphic (Virgil's) myth, where Virgil came to God the Savior through the desire for knowledge, the process of the dying out of old priorities and the birth of new ones in the vast depths of the soul of the ancient poet, painfully freed from Orphism and joining the most important values: love for humanity, service, humility, self-denial, and mercy.


The data of 174 postmenopausal patients with abnormal uterine bleeding admitted were assessed to determine associated risk factors and develop and validate a prediction model to evaluate the risk of endometrial cancer in these patients. The patients were divided into a study group and a control group, among which 62 patients were diagnosed with endometrial cancer. A binary logistic regression analysis model using multifactorial regression analysis was established, and a column line graph of the prediction model was created using the R software. The model's goodness-of-fit test was performed using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test, and SPSS (version 27, International Business Machines Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA) was used to plot the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to evaluate the model's predictive value. Binary logistic multifactorial regression analysis revealed that elevated body mass index (BMI), human epididymal protein 4 (HE4), cancer antigen 125 (CA125), combined fibroids and thickened endometrial cancer were risk factors for endometrial cancer in patients with abnormal postmenopausal uterine bleeding, based on which a probability model for predicting the risk of developing endometrial cancer in patients with abnormal postmenopausal uterine bleeding was constructed, and represented as P = 1/[1 + exp (4.227 − 4.594X1 − 2.029X5 − 1.165X6 − 1.817X7 − 2.080X8)]. In addition, the goodness-of-fit test, assessed using Hosmer and Lemeshow, yielded an χ2 value of 14.253 and a p-value of 0.075. Furthermore, the ROC curve analysis demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.993 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.892–0.974; p < 0.05). In conclusion, elevated BMI, HE4 and CA125, along with the presence of combined fibroids and thickened endometrial lining, were identified as significant risk factors for endometrial cancer in postmenopausal patients with abnormal uterine bleeding. The risk prediction model developed in this study provides a scientifically sound approach to assess the risk of endometrial cancer in these patients.


The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of oil price volatility and major financial and uncertainty factors on sovereign credit default swap (CDS) spreads in the case of the oil-rich Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, other oil-exporting countries and regional markets namely the G7, BRICS, Council of Europe (CE), Asia, North America (NA) and the N11 nations. We first employ the standard quantile regression analysis that allows one to investigate the dependence dynamics of the sovereign CDS spreads under different market circumstances. Consequently, we use the causality-in-quantiles, which allows for identifying the quantile range for which causality is relevant. Empirical results show that the sovereign CDSs of the non GCC oil-exporting countries (i.e., Venezuela, Mexico and Russia) are the most affected by oil prices, which is more than those of major global regions/blocs. However, the results show no or little dependence for Saudi Arabia, UAE and Norway which have the largest sovereign wealth funds. The results also show that the sovereign CDS spreads are more sensitive to global bond market uncertainty factors than to global equity market uncertainty factors. Finally, we find causality-in-quantiles between sovereign CDS and global financial risk and uncertainty factors and this causality relationship is different across countries and regions/blocs, particularly in the lower quantiles (i.e., bearish markets).


ABSTRACT The productivity of the Adultrap® trap was compared to that of modified adultrap traps. Two structural changes were tested, a cover was placed at the entrance of the trap at two different heights. A comparison was also made with traps containing hydrogel to replace the water in the reservoir. The positivity rates of all the trap types were calculated and compared. The hydrogel models were more productive because they collected eggs, larvae, and adults. The trap that removed the protective screen and replaced the water with the hydrogel was 18.5 times larger than the original trap (p = 0.001). There was an increase in the productivity for the total collection of mosquitoes. The collection of eggs, larvae, and adults can contribute to the construction of more robust infestation indices. In addition, it allows for the collection of live specimens and the development of studies.


To this day,administration of unfractionated heparin is thestandard method to prevent clotting of the extra-corporeal circuit. Despite its widespread use inhemodialysis and other extracorporeal therapies,unfractionatedheparinisarelativelycrudeprepa-ration, consisting of a heterogeneous mixture ofanionicglycosaminoglycans,varyinginsizefromapproximately3to30kDa.Unfractionatedhepa-rin is derived from animal tissues, generally pigintestines for heparin used in the United States,through a supply chain that starts with smallworkshops that process the tissue to yield rawheparin and ends with distribution of the drug bypharmaceutical suppliers. The main anticoagu-lantactivityofheparinarisesfromthebindingofa pentasaccharide sequence to antithrombin,thereby enhancing its inhibition of factor Xa.


The implementation of the 2019 Election and the stages of its implementation cannot be separated from various issues or polemics. Many polemics occur starting from the regulatory side, general implementation, up to technical matters. The birth of new regulations related to the Election was colored by a polemic of the presidential threshold. Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections as a single regulation at the law level in organizing Elections cannot be separated from controversy. Many people respond to the pros and cons. The pros and cons response is focused on several things, one of which is the presidential threshold. The polemic or pros and cons associated with the presidential threshold in the community actually contain big question marks. First, the big question is whether the presidential threshold contained in Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections is in accordance with the constitution? considering the law is a translation of the constitution. Second, is the presidential threshold set forth in Law Number 7 of 2019 in accordance with the wishes of the community or not detrimental to the community? considering the law is aimed at regulating the aspirations of the community.


A research in primary subject studying the power of legislative in forming of the constitution before and after the amandment of 1945 Indonesian Constitution has one of its purposes. That purpose is to find out the different in forming of the constitution between The legislative and The President before and after the amandment of the 1945 Indonesian Constitution thus we can identity the change of the power position from The President's domination to the pattern of cooperation.
The method used in research is historical judicial and political theory. The substance in the research is normative law and in the end, the result concluded deductively.
The conclusion of the research is the existence of judicial guarantee to the increasing of the role of The Legislative in matter of Representative. There are some obstance in order to increasing the role of The legislative and also how the effort of increasing the role of The Legislative informing constitution after the amandments made.


The supposedly decrepit condition of Spain under the last Habsburg, Carlos II (1665-1700) is among the most entrenched of historical commonplaces: apparently unable to defend itself, Spain only survived because others intervened to save it from Louis XIV until its defensive capability was transformed by the new Bourbon dynasty in the eighteenth century. Evidence for this view is found, inter alia in the performance of Spain's armies. In the sixteenth century Spanish hegemony had rested on its distinctive tercios, but all had come to grief at Rocroi in 1643 in the reign of Carlos II's father, Philip IV. Worse was to follow under Carlos, with defeats in Flanders, in Italy, and in Spain itself, where in 1697 Louis XIV's forces captured Barcelona. In recent decades, however, revisionist historians – including Luis Ribot, Antonio Rodriguez Hernandez and Davide Maffi – have exploited the extensive source materials in the Guerra Antigua series at Simancas to question the received opinion on Spain's military performance in the last third of the seventeenth century. In the book under review Maffi uses this work to provide a synthesis which challenges virtually every aspect of a 'black legend' about Spain's armies in this period. Chapter 1 provides a narrative of the performance of Spain's armies from the War of Devolution (1667–1668) to the Nine Years War (1688– 1697). This broadly chronological and often detailed survey underpins the more analytical chapters which follow and allows Maffi to advance some preliminary revisionist claims regarding the participation in those conflicts of the Spanish armies – and of the Dutch, English, French and Imperial armies. While Spanish intervention was crucial on occasion, the broader implication is clear: the importance of the Spanish contribution to the overall success of the allies on many fronts in confronting and restraining Louis XIV before 1700. Chapter 2 begins with an invaluable discussion of the character of European warfare in the period – one which all interested in that broad topic will find useful – in part in order to refute those who see Spanish avoidance of battle as indicative of some fundamental lack of martial spirit. Not so, says Maffi, it was driven by a prudent wish to conserve resources which informed the mindset as well of Austrian, Dutch, English and French commanders. Sieges and 'little war' were what war was about. Book Reviews


Reconstruction of the maxillary suprastructure, the periorbital region, and the lateral pyriform aperature are not commonly performed at the time of oncologic ablative surgery. A significant reason for this practice relates to a paucity of local vascularized soft tissue flaps that can support the reconstruction. Because the local soft tissues do not lend themselves to pedicled or rotational transfer, the most commonly used vascularized tissue for midface reconstruction had been the free tissue transfer. In this article, the pedicled temporoparietal fascial flap is described for midface reconstruction. The donor site from the undersurface of the scalp in the posterior temporal and anterior parietal regions permits the development of a highly vascular, durable, and very supple flap. This flap, pedicled on the superficial temporal artery and vein, can be rotated from the preauricular region, under the zygoma, and through the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus into the midface region for use in supporting bone or skin grafts. The temporoparietal donor site also exposes the appropriate area of the calvarium for external table bone grafts, which can be used in maxillary suprastructure replacement. With this flap, the need for microvascular transfer can be reduced or eliminated in those midface defects limited to the maxillary suprastructure, the periorbital region, and the lateral pyriform aperature.


The international community's March 2011 military intervention in Libya contrasts sharply to its reluctance during the preceding forty years to halt the Qadhafi regime's sponsorship of transnational terrorism and pursuit of WMD. American diplomacy, eventually supported by international sanctions, was a four decade effort to end Qadhafi's violent foreign policy. This commentary discusses how diplomacy and the American judicial process combined to achieve this successful outcome. Diplomatic and legislative efforts to compel Libya's payment to terrorism victims helped create judicial remedies enforceable in US Courts and ultimately, a bilateral claims settlement agreement that, while disappointing to the terrorism litigants, normalized relations between the Libya and the United States.


The process and the method of five step uncovering the coal suddenly from outbursting and nimble application of it in the vertical shaft chamber construction are introduced,the application effect is analyzed,and have realized safely and fast uncovering the coal.


The objectives of this study were to examine the relationship between body dissatisfaction and disordered eating and to examine whether depression and selfesteem mediate the relationship. The sample consisted of 186 undergraduate and post graduate female university students. Data collection tools were the Body-Image Ideals Questionnaire (BIQ), the Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26), the Rosenburg Self-Esteem Scale (SES) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The Linear Structural Relations (LISREL) software and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were used for the analysis of data. The findings of this study showed a significant positive correlation between body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. In addition, body dissatisfaction had an indirect effect through depression on disordered eating. On the contrary, selfesteem did not have a mediating effect. This study highlights the potential role of depression in the prediction of disordered eating. Thus, it informs counselors and therapist in clinics to assess for depressive symptoms after assessing for body dissatisfaction. In so doing, this will help to identify and prevent at risk female students from engaging in disordered eating attitudes. it is recommended that female students in the UAE, should be educated on the dangers involved in trying to model the Western ideology of thinness portrayed as beauty and attractiveness.


Automatic speech technologies can provide an objective and memoryconstant analysis of how probable a suspect is as the perpertrator. Traditional techniques as speaker identification and verification can be used to determine the identity of a criminal. Speech technologies can also be used to create a profile of a perpertrator. Lie detecting claims to be a speech technology but there is no evidence that supports the claim.


Evolving evidence suggests unique sex-specific mechanisms underlying coronary artery disease (CAD). However, it remains unknown if certain coronary atherosclerotic features confer a higher risk for ischemia in women versus men.

 To determine the association between coronary atherosclerotic features on coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and ischemia by invasive fractional flow reserve (FFR) in women versus men.

 Secondary analysis of the CREDENCE trial, including patients referred for nonemergent invasive coronary angiography (ICA). All patients underwent CCTA with semi-automatic quantification of coronary atherosclerosis, as well as ICA with FFR interrogation of all major epicardial arteries ≥2 mm. Generalized estimating equations were calculated to assess the association between coronary atherosclerotic features and invasive vessel-specific ischemia (FFR ≤0.80). Sex interactions were tested, adjusted for age.

 From 612 patients (mean age 64±10 years, 30% women) with 1,686 analyzed vessels, a total of 436 (26%) vessels were ischemic. Women were significantly older than men (p<0.001), but with similar distribution of risk factors and medication usage (p≥0.09). In both women and men, all general and compositional features of coronary atherosclerosis were significantly associated with ischemia. However, tests for interaction (Figure 1) revealed higher relative odds for ischemia among women as compared to men for total percent atheroma volume ([PAV], p=0.006), the number of lesions with high-risk plaque (p=0.027), the number of lesions with >30% stenosis (p=0.030), noncalcified PAV <130 HU and <350 HU (p≤0.003), and calcified PAV (p=0.007).

 Our results support a prominent influence of coronary atherosclerotic features that uniquely impact ischemic risk among women more so than men. These data support the role of CCTA for providing valuable information to guide management of symptomatic women.
 Figure 1. Ischemic risk in women vs. men

 Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): National Institutes of Health - National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute


Particle mobilization is a fundamental aspect in the process of soil erosion and has been known to affect the stability of critical infrastructures such as levees and dams. In the field, fluids permeating through earthen dams or levees may exhibit a range of physicochemical characteristics that may affect the incipient motion of soils. This paper presents an experimental methodology that can be used to evaluate the relative and interactive effects of a fluid's physicochemical properties on the incipient motion of a granular particle under laminar flow condition. The results obtained from the present research demonstrated the ability of the experimental setup and methodology in studying the effect physicochemical properties (such as viscosity, pH and ionic strength) of fluids on incipient motion of granular particles under laminar flow condition.


We propose a novel topology based data hiding scheme for binary image. Cutting the original image into equal blocks, and considering the topological structure for the chosen embeddable blocks with almost balanced number of white pixels and black pixels, we set a mapping between the embeddable blocks hiding before and after. We embed one bit via the odd-even enforcement in each embeddable block, and keep the invariant embeddable features in the mapping. The hidden data can be extracted without using the original image as a blind watermark scheme. We also provide another scheme with more hiding capacity by using the original image, keeping the same visual distortion level as the blind watermark scheme. Algorithms are given to construct the mapping relationships and some security issues are considered. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that our scheme is very efficient in the hiding and extraction process, and has satisfied hiding capacity and visual quality.


It has recently been shown that crystalline defects - dislocation lines - in three dimensional topological insulators, can host protected one dimensional modes propagating along their length. We generalize this observation to the case of topological superconductors and other insulators of the Altland Zirnbauer classification, in d=2,3 dimensions. In general, protected dislocation modes are controlled by the topological indices in (d-1) dimensions. This is shown by relating this feature to characteristic properties of surface states of these topological phases. This observation also allows us to constrain these surface states properties, which is illustrated by an addition formula for (d-1) and (d-2) indices of a topological superconductor.


Simple Summary Domestic cats are euthanized at high rates in shelters. Previous research suggests that appropriate matching between cats and their adopters increases adoption success and decreases euthanasia. The ASPCA's Meet Your Match® Feline-ality™ program is designed to improve adoption success by matching cats with owners based on measures of cat personality and owner lifestyle and expectations. However, despite having been implemented in many shelters, there has not been a systematic review of the implementation process and efficacy of the Feline-ality™ program. This study will describe process and outcome evaluations of Feline-ality™, following its 2017 implementation at the Seattle Animal Shelter in Seattle, WA (USA). Abstract Domestic cats are euthanized at high rates in shelters, and appropriate matching between cats and adopters is believed to improve adoption success and reduce euthanasia rates. The ASPCA's Meet Your Match® Feline-ality™ program, designed to match cats with owners based on personality and lifestyle, has been implemented in various shelters. This study is the first systematic evaluation of its implementation process and efficacy. Using a controlled interrupted time series design (CITS), the outcome evaluation examined and compared records for five years (2015–2019) from the Seattle Animal Shelter (SAS) and the Multnomah County Animal Shelter located in Portland, Oregon (USA). The outcome evaluation demonstrated no changes in any outcomes (e.g., cat adoptions, euthanasias, returns, transfers, or length of stay) that could be reliably attributed to Feline-ality™. The process evaluation at SAS identified and quantified eight possible errors in implementation that could affect the success of Feline-ality™; the results indicated a 1.6% overall success rate. Whereas the lack of substantive effect may indicate that MYM® Feline-ality™ does not perform as purported, it is equally as likely (if not more so) that this absence of evidence of any results reasonably attributable to Feline-ality™ has occurred because the error rate in implementation of the program was very high. The fact that a poorly implemented program necessarily impacts the results of an outcome evaluation underscores the need for process evaluation concurrent with implementation.


The thermal processes in the hydrodynamic stage are investigated within the formalism of nonequilibrium thermofield dynamics (NETFD) where the concepts in nonequilibrium thermodynamics are implanted. The treatment gives a good indication for an understanding of the new concept, the spontaneous creation of dissipation, in conjunction with the realization of the representation space within NETFD.


Abstract : Hearing loss and sensory cell loss data, obtained from 909 chinchillas exposed to one of 137 different impulse noise or blast wave exposure paradigms, were statistically analyzed. The objective was to extract relations between the effects of the exposure on the auditory system (effects metrics) and metrics used to characterize the blast wave exposure. Specifically the following two questions were asked: (a) What is the best indicator of the amount of hazard associated with an impulse noise exposure? (b) How does the hazard of an impulse noise exposure accumulate with increasing numbers of impulses? Two analytical approaches were used. Both approaches indicated that the P-weighting functions or one of its derivatives (P1-, P2- or R-weighting) best organized the effects metrics. Depending on the analytical approach, either an energy trading rule of 10 log10 N or 6 log10 N; where N is the number of impulses, best organized the data for N between 10 and 100. For exposures of between 1 and 10 impulses, a region of the parametric space that is of considerable practical significance, there is insufficient data to form any conclusions. For this region the limited data suggest that an energy trading rule i.e., 10 log N, does not work.


How can multiple advocacy be strengthened in the National Security Council, (NSC)? To answer this question, I first explain what multiple advocacy is and how the NSC functions. Next I describe the role of the NSC in US national security policymaking, and I explain the benefits of multiple advocacy in the NSC. I identify three key factors for evaluating multiple advocacy and then using those factors (broadly conceived as individuals, relationships, and process) I use a comparative case study model to analyze the NSC under National Security Advisors Henry Kissinger (1968-1975) and Condoleezza Rice (2001-2005). Drawing conclusions from the case studies, I offer four suggestions on ways to strengthen multiple advocacy which include the adoption of an honest broker role by the NSA, the institutionalization of two additional forms of advocacy including devil's and resourcing, and the establishment of an annual NSC review process. I conclude that the key goal is creating a culture of multiple advocacy in the NSC, which is shaped by the honest broker role of the NSA in combination with the personalities and relationships of the president and principals. Understanding the conditions in which multiple advocacy was created in the NSC and under which conditions it was effective should help guide future presidents and advisors to better coordinate and execute US national security policy.


The novel solid additive DDO endows organic solar cells with high efficiency, excellent thermostability and good tolerance to film thickness.


How much of the dispersion in lifetime earnings, wealth, consumption, and utility is resolved early in life (prior to working life) vs. later? This critical question has received much attention, with influential contributions coming from [keane1997], [storesletten2005], and [huggett2011]. The goal of this paper is to provide quantitative measures of how the full range of households' investment opportunities matters for the fraction of lifetime inequality determined relatively early in life relative to later on. We focus on the role played by three investment opportunities: risky, lumpy college education; risky equity; and costly borrowing. To our knowledge, our work is the first to provide quantitative measures of the importance of each in the temporal resolution of lifetime inequality and the importance of the interaction between them. We find, first, that nearly all income inequality is attributable to human capital variation at age 23. For individuals who have likely completed major educational investments, our results suggest that financial opportunities play only a minor role in altering inequality. Second, we find that the option to invest in high-return, high-risk assets meaningfully increases the importance of initial inequality, whereas the ability to borrow lowers it.


Facial morphology changes with aging, producing an aged appearance, but the mechanisms involved are not fully established. We recently showed that subcutaneous fat infiltrates into the dermal layer with aging, but it is not yet clear whether and how this drastic change of the dermal layer influences facial appearance.


ABSTRACT The goal of this study is to examine the distinctive features of International Baccalaureate (IB) programmes in Poland, and the role of IB programmes in the Polish education system. To address this aim, a review of the relevant legislation has been carried out, accompanied by interviews with teachers and students in 9 IB schools in Poland. Results revealed that even though the functions of IB schools differ somewhat from country to country, there appear to be several common features underpinning the development of IB in Poland: (1) the deregulatory policy of establishing international schools after the socio-political changes of the 1990s, (2) the growing demand for internationally validated programmes among students that come to Poland from abroad, and (3) a growing aspiration among students and their parents for a wider selection of programmes to choose from compared to the limited choices available in Poland during the communist era.


The sector has long called for an end to the business rates imposed on nurseries that are hampering investment and threatening sustainability. The tax on space is meant for factories, not education sites.


With oil prices well over $100 per barrel, policymakers are considering everything from new fuel efficiency standards to biomass in an effort to reduce U.S. gasoline consumption. High oil prices, global warming, and the vitality of the American farm have introduced words such as "ethanol," "E85", and "flexible-fuel vehicle" to American households. However, the potential costs and benefits of ethanol production should be considered objectively. This month's newsletter explores the costs and benefits of America's golden fuel—ethanol.


In order to provide accurate road rut data,a measurement method with multi-laser-displacement-sensors is presented.CPLD chip generate signals for linear CCD,using 51 series microcontroller and the FPGA to complete the CCD data reading,and then drive the network chips,the data in accordance with UDP protocol to send to the host computer to Rutting real-time detection.The test results show that the method can measure the shape of the entire lane of the road surface,detection of high accuracy,fast detection.


To model thermoacoustic oscillations, a combustion system can be described as a network of acoustic elements, representing for example fuel and air supply, burner and flame, combustor, cooling channels, suitable terminations, etc. For most of these elements, simple analytical models provide an adequate description of their thermoacoustic properties. However, the complex response of burner and flame to acoustic perturbations has — at least in a first step — to be determined by experiment. In our approach, we describe the burner as an active acoustical two-port, where the state variables pressure and velocity at the inlet and the outlet are coupled via a four element transfer matrix. This approach is similar to the "black box" theory in communication engineering. To determine ail four coefficients, two independent test states have to be created. This is achieved by using acoustic sources upstream and downstream of the burner, respectively. In application to a full size gas turbine burner, the method's accuracy was tested in a first step without combustion and the results were compared to an analytical model for the burner's acoustic properties. Then the method was used to determine the burner transfer matrix with combustion and to investigate the influence of various parameters such as acoustic amplitude and equivalence ratio. The treatment of burners as acoustic two-port with feedback used to model the thermoacoustic behavior of combustion chambers and the experimental determination of the burner transfer matrix is novel.Copyright © 1998 by ASME


The constants of a superconducting synchronous generator (SC-generator) were measured to prove its design method and electromagnetic analysis. This paper describes the test results related to the measurements of synchronous machine constants, and the comparison between the test results and the values which are calculated by a 3 dimensional finite element method (3D-FEM) for the electromagnetic analysis of SC-generator. The test items compared with the analysis are no load saturation curve of armature voltage at rated speed, armature current of steady state short circuit, air gap magnetic flux to add the armature current and synchronous reactance (Xd). The constants for the transient state of SC-generator were measured by three-phase sudden short circuit current. The effect to improve the electric power system stability is analyzed by decreasing Xd of SC-generator and by comparing the stability of a conventional generator for the same power system disturbances.


When the crop requirements are effectively matched the growth rate and yield gives profitable returns. The exponential growth of the data management of smart farming is a key factor in modern agricultural systems, which helps in critical decision making. Through Wireless sensor networks, the objective data is gathered and could aim for maximum sustainability. The crop productivity depends on two factors namely, maximum profitable production and minimal negative environmental impact. One of the alternative artificial supplements of nutrients in the modern diet includes the Zinc (Zn) enriched sprout. Sowing of seeds with Zn helps to improvise the modern diet and many vital functions of the human body. The robotic solutions with Artificial Intelligence with the data sets of agricultural techniques set the base level for sustainable growth in the area of agriculture in the future. This paper reviews existing systems followed by farm management with each step from the growth of the seed since sowing to the variable rate applications. The different level of Zn content in different sprouts is discussed. Such a methodology allows farm owners to decide various parameters economically and optimally without harming the eco-system and enables transformation towards sustainable food production for matching the future population growth.


Right to education is a basic need of every child and every society across the globe. Ever since the internet revolution and technological upgradation takes place, education system starts evolving from traditional way to smarter way. Covid-19 and industrial revolution has made smart education a global business that is now even penetrating to rural footprints of remote locations. Use of smart devices, IoT based communications and AI techniques have increased the cyberattack surface over the smart education system. Moreover, lack of cyber awareness and absence of essential cyber sanity checks has exposed the vulnerability in smart education system. A study of technology evolution of education to smart education and its penetration across the globe, details of smart education ecosystem, role of various stakeholders are discussed in this paper. It also covers most trending cyber-attacks, history of reported cyber-attacks in smart education sector. Further, in order to make smart educational cyber space more secure, proactive preventive measures and cyber sanity actions to mitigate such attacks are also discussed.


Dust storm is a kind of serious wind erosion and one of the most important and direct processes of sand removal in arid and semi\|arid regions. In the present paper, a quantitative model simulating the effect of climate on dust storm frequency was presented and the climatic effect on dust storm frequency in Mu Us Sandland was studied. Meteorological records of many years in six meteorological stations were applied to evaluate the climatic influential index and to simulate the actual dust storm frequency.


With regard to the defect of low accuracy to describe problems by ordinary set pair analysis (SPA) evaluation method because of its strategy to divide state space, an improved method that expands three-member connection degree to more-member degree was proposed in this paper. The identification criterion with confidence level and term of score was also implemented in proposed method. In this method, if the connection degree had been get, all banks and scores of all samples were ordered according to their scores, which make assessment results more easily to be distinguished. Through comparing the superiority of other methods that are used to determine weights in the past, combination weighting method was proposed and applied to determine corresponding weight. This proposed method overcomes the defects of using the same weight or determining weights with one method. Taking Wuhan city as a case, this proposed method was applied to evaluate urban water security. The assessment results were corresponded to results obtained by comprehensive evaluation method and fuzzy matter-element evaluation method. The results also indicated that this improved method was more accurate than ordinary SPA evaluation method.


The article is focused on the issue of subject-subjective interaction of students in the process of study and creative activity. Cooperation and cocreation are viewed in category-nomination aspect as well as in the system "student – student" that creates conditions for increasing the levels of methodological, research and information culture, for the development of intellectual and communicative skills of students at university due to the use of innovative forms and methods of education.


The essence of the modern asset‐market approach to the analysis of exchange rate behavior includes the role of the trade balance account. We examine the relationship between exchange rate changes and US trade balance announcements. Statistically significant exchange rate adjustments to these announcements are documented using for the first time the comparison period approach to testing the significance of trade balance announcements on exchange rates. The evidence is consistent with the predictions of the modern asset‐market exchange rate model. There is also evidence that the foreign exchange market is more sensitive to increasing rather than decreasing trade balance deficit announcements. To date, a number of theoretical papers have investigated the possible sources of the exchange rate determination process (see, Dornbusch [1976,1980], Dornbusch and Fisher [1980], Frenkel [1976, 1981], Kouri [1976], and Mussa [1982], among others). There is no consensus on how exchange rates are determined and why they...


Biaryls are important structural cores, present in a number of naturally occurring compounds, 1 with a variety of applications in the areas of material and medicinal chemistry. As synthetic building blocks, they have been used for the production of liquid crystalline polymers, engineering plastics and polyester type fibres. 2 Also appeared in many therapeutic drugs, they play important roles in modulation of bindings with enzymes and receptors, due to their peculiar lipophilicity. Many efforts have been devoted in the synthesis of the structurally diverse biaryls for the aforementioned purposes. They are prepared either from parent biaryls through relevant electrophilic aromatic substitutions or more commonly from aryl halides via various transition metal catalyzed coupling reactions. Although quite effective mostly, coupling approach has an intrinsic limitation; not tolerating presence of additional halogen atoms, in particular. We have recently found that 3,5-dibromo-2-pyrone undergo DielsAlder cycloadditions with styrene derivatives to give rise to the corresponding bicyclolactones, 5 which can be readily manipulated into various 4-bromo-3-carboxyl-biaryls upon treatment with a base. Herein, we report its scope and limitation as an alternative to the conventional methods for the efficient synthesis of various functionaly distinct biaryls. The reaction sequence comprises of Diel-Alder cycloadditions of 3,5-dibromo-2-pyrone with styrene derivatives, and one-pot, three-step sequential aromatization process (Scheme 1). The mixture of endo/exo cycloadducts can be treated directly with a base, without separation, for the subsequent one-pot, three step sequential reactions, wherein the initially formed products 4 undergo concomitant 1,2eliminations of HBr and aromatizations to the corresponding biaryls. Table 1 summarizes the syntheses of various other 4-bromo2-carboxyl-biaryls under this protocol. As shown, 3,5-dibromo-2-pyrone ( 1) underwent facile D-A cycloadditions with various substituted styrenes 2 to provide the corresponding cycloadducts 3 in 80 to 99% of isolated yields as readily separable mixtures of endo/exo isomers. Subsequent treatment with a base gave rise to the corresponding biaryls in good to excellent isolated yields. As shown in the table, in the cases where the cycloadducts 3 have substituents at ortho positions (entries 2, 4, 6, 7, 9 and 10), the 1,2-eliminations of HBr ( 4 → 5 in Scheme 1) were quite slow with NaOMe. Lactone ring openings with NaOMe, followed by treatment with DBU in boiling CH 2Cl2 (condition B) facilitated the reactions to provide the corresponding


How would your fears and doubts look like if they would materialize inside your dream? Short animated film Nighty Night, presents one of possible options. A story of older brother and his younger sister, who is more sensitive than him. Later he enters unknown land, he have not been before and probably no one else ever been. What is he going to do when their mum is not around? Well, nighty night and have a nice dream. And don't forget turn off the lights, you know who likes bright lights in the night, right?


This study examined the personal factors of individual students that could enhance environmental education in tertiary institutions. A total of 539 students of tertiary institutions were sampled, using multi-stage, simple random and purposive sampling techniques. The research was a descriptive design. Data were gathered using self-constructed questionnaire. Six research hypotheses were generated, t-test analysis was used to test hypotheses one and two, Analysis of variance(ANOVA) was used to test hypotheses three to five, while Pearson Product moment correlation method was use to test hypothesis six. The hypotheses were tested and the results were found to be significant at 0.05 level. The study revealed that gender of students and parents' level of education, were not important factors in students' environmental awareness knowledge. Gender of students and parents' level of education were not important factors in their environmental attitude. The study further revealed that type of institution has no influence on students' environmental awareness knowledge, and also on their environmental attitude. However a significant relationship was established between students' environmental awareness knowledge and environmental attitude. Based on these findings, it was recommended that environmental education should be intensified in tertiary institutions and that its content should reflect the immediate needs of the students.


We present a generic form of the covariant nonlocal action for infrared modifications of Einstein theory recently suggested within the weak-field curvature expansion. In the lowest order it is determined by two nonlocal operators--kernels of Ricci tensor and scalar quadratic forms. In models with a low strong-coupling scale, this action also incorporates the strongly coupled mode which cannot be perturbatively integrated out in terms of the metric field. This mode enters the action as a Lagrange multiplier for the constraint on metric variables which reduces to the curvature scalar and enforces the latter to vanish on shell. Generic structure of the action is demonstrated on the examples of the Fierz-Pauli and Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati models and their extensions. The gauge-dependence status of the strong-coupling and van Dam-Veltman-Zakharov problems is briefly discussed along with the manifestly gauge-invariant formalism of handling the braneworld gravitational models at classical and quantum levels.


The article analyzes the victimization rate of NSTU students as possible victims of the war for consciousness. Our investigation is based on Ammon's I-structural test. Taking into account the results of testing students, the rationale for the creation of a psychological university service and practical recommendations are given. Keywords— war for consciousness, identity, existential vacuum, competencies, I-structure test, Aggression, Anxiety / Fear, External I-delimitation, Internal I-delimitation, Narcissism and Sexuality


The ability to understand a literary work including poem is needed. A poem that is written by English poet contains the rich- ness of literary works, such as the values of morality and humanity. In the period of Romanticism, there were a lot of great poets, such as: William Blake. The problem of this research is what Romantic elements are found in William Blakes poems. The aim of this research is to nd the Romantic elements in William Blakes poems. In this research, the writer uses descriptive-qualitative method; it means all the data are in the form of words and sentences. The source of data in this research is six William Blakes poems (Night, Jerusalem, A Poison Tree, I Heard an An- gel, I Saw a Chapel, The Garden of Love). Through the analysis of the Romantic elements in William Blakes po- ems, the writer can conclude that the Romantic elements are found in William Blakes poems. The Romantic elements are found in William Blakes poems are Romantic element of nature, Romantic element of imagination, Romantic el- ement of emotions, Romantic element of rst person point of view, and Romantic element of exotic.


We consider numerical modeling of the sensing characteristics of circular nanotubes made of gold and silver. The tubes are placed into a homogeneous medium, the refractive index of which is to be determined, and illuminated by the H-polarized visible light. The scattering, absorption and extinction cross-sections are calculated and display host-medium dependent hybrid localized surface-plasmon (LSP) resonances of the dipole and quadrupole type. The sensitivities and the figure-of-merit values of these LSP resonances are computed and compared for the infinite and finite thickness of the analyte layer.


Objective To observe the effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on apoptosis of skeletal muscle cell of rats after exhaustive exercise, and explore its mechanism. Methods 30 adult SD rats were divided randomly into normal group, model group and ginsenoside Rg1 group, and the last two groups were given power-driven treadmill exercise till exhaustion once a day. After 30 days' successive training, all rats were anesthetized, then killed with cervical dislocation method. The left quadriceps femoris muscle was obtained to prepare cell suspension, the cell apoptosis was determined by AnnexinV-FITC flow cytometer, and the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 mRNA and protein were detected by RT-PCR and Western-blot. Results Compared with model group, the apoptotic rate of skeletal muscle cell in ginsenoside Rg1 group was significantly decreased(P0.05), the mRNA and protein expression of Bax were down-regulated, and the mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2 were up-regulated. Conclusion Ginsenoside Rg1 has the effect of anti-apoptosis on skeletal muscle cells after exhaustive exercise, and the mechanism is probably related to the regulation of Bax and Bcl-2 expression.


We have investigated the magnetism and magnetocaloric effect of TlCo2−xNixS2 (0 x 0.05). TlCo2S2 and TlCo1.97Ni0.03S2 are ferromagnetically ordered below 153 K and 142 K with saturated moment 0.82 /Co and 0.80 /Co, respectively, while TlCo1.95Ni0.05S2 shows ferromagnetic transition at 132 K. The magnetism displays slightly itinerant character, as inferred from the Rhodes-Wohlfarth ratio. An unusual historical dependence of magnetization in TlCo1.95Ni0.05S2 is consistently observed by scanning both the temperature and magnetic field. The isothermal magnetic entropy change ( S) of TlCo2S2 and TlCo1.95Ni0.05S2 are calculated by Maxwell relation and a temperature averaged entropy change is adopted to estimate the figure of merit for the compounds.


We apply mean-field theory and the Hirsch-Fye quantum Monte Carlo method to study the spin-spin interaction in the bulk of three-dimensional topological insulators. We find that the spin-spin interaction has three different components: longitudinal, transverse, and transverse Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya-like terms. When the Fermi energy is located in the bulk gap of a topological insulator, the spin-spin interaction decays exponentially due to the Bloembergen-Rowland interaction. The longitudinal correlation is antiferromagnetic and the transverse correlations are ferromagnetic. When the chemical potential is in the conduction or valence band, the spin-spin interaction follows a power-law decay, and the isotropic ferromagnetic interaction dominates in the short separation limit.


Adverse learning experiences in childhood may affect the adult's capacity to learn throughout the lifespan. Suggestions for adult educators are provided.