Polymeric microbubbles bearing a hard shell exhibit prominent stability and tunable acoustical properties that serve the purposes of biomedical imaging and ultrasound (US)-triggered cavitations. It is of great significance to expand the utility scope of hard-shelled microbubbles with multifunctionality, which will dramatically enhance the efficiency and precision of disease-oriented treatments. To this end, the multifunctional hard-shelled microbubbles (PMBs) for US imaging and US-triggered stimuli-responsive cavitations have been synthesized via a one-step in situ polymerization. Varied parameters including US frequency, acoustical powers and pulse duration time have been screened to optimize the cavitation conditions. It was notable to observe that by use of PMBs, a US-triggered progress of imaging, stable and inertial cavitations could be easily differentiated with an elaborately modulated parameter, which gives a visualizable pathway for imaging, stimuli-responsive cavitation, drug transportation and release at each stage. Meanwhile, commercial US contrast agents (Sonovue and Xueruixin with lipid and protein shell materials) have been compared with PMBs in terms of their cavitation performances. These valuable findings imply a promising perspective to use these multifunctional microbubbles as a novel visualizable theranostic strategy against diseases.


We have used a scanning YBa2Cu3O7 superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) at 77 K to image currents in room-temperature integrated circuits. We acquired magnetic field data and used an inversion technique to convert the field data to a two-dimensional current density distribution, allowing us to locate current paths. With an applied current of 1 mA at 3 kHz, and a 150 μm separation between the sample and the SQUID, we found a spatial resolution of 50 μm in the converted current density images. This was about three times smaller than the SQUID–sample separation, i.e., three times better than the standard near-field microscopy limit, and about 10 times sharper than the raw magnetic field images.


Lecithin is the name of a group of phospholipids essential for both plants and animals, especially in cell membrane formation. As a surfactant, lecithin in various solvents also forms bilayer lyotropic liquid crystal phases, for example, Maltese cross, myelin finger, and hexagonal column, Figure 1(A). The lyotropic phases can be seen under a polarized light microscope with crossed polarization where their molecular orientations are elucidated. However, the molecular orientations of lecithin in some solvents, e.g. polyethylene glycol, were not well defined, resulting in unsatisfactory phase images from the microscope. It is shown in this report that, together with a slight modification of the microscope setup, a mixture of lecithin in an aqueous ethanol solvent forms well-defined lyotropic phases, resulting in microscopic images possessing high contrast and visibility. The images thus reveal much detail down to the microstructures of the lyotropic phases. The microscope modification is obtained by an addition of a polarized light source at a suitable angle above the sample slide and the objective lens, as shown in Figure 1(B).


Summary Cystinuria isanautosomal recessive disease characterized bythedevelopment ofkidney stones. Guided by theidentification oftheSLC3A1aminoacid-transport geneonchromosome 2,werecently established genetic linkage ofcystinuria tochromosome 2pin17families, without evidence forlocus heterogeneity. Other authors haveindependently identified missense mutations in SLC3A1incystinuria patients. Inthis report wedescribe fouradditional cystinuria-associated mutations inthis gene: aframeshift, adeletion, atransversion inducing a critical aminoacid change, andanonsense mutation. Thelatter stop codon wasfound inall ofeight AshkenaziJewish carrier chromosomes examined. This report brings thenumberofdisease-associated mutations in this geneto10.We also assess thefrequency ofthese mutations inour17cystinuria families.


Abstract The crystal structure of the phase Ce5AgxGe4−x (x = 0.1−1.08) has been determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction data for Ce5Ag0.1Ge3.9. This phase is isotypic with Sm5Ge4: space group Pnma (No. 62), Pearson code oP36, Z = 4, a = 7.9632(2), b = 15.2693(5), c = 8.0803(2) Å; R1 = 0.0261, wR2 = 0.0460, 1428 F2 values and 48 variables. The two crystallographic positions 8d and 4c show Ge/Ag mixing, leading to a slight increase in the lattice parameters as compared to those of the pure binary compound Ce5Ge4.


this article considers the contribution of the merchants in the development of the spa treatment areas of the Volga region of Samara in the second half of the XIX century, known for its kumysolechebnymi institutions and mineral springs.


The independent control of two orthogonal polarizations that possess dual functionalities is highly desirable in antenna and wireless communication technologies. Spin-decoupled metasurfaces with integrated dynamic and geometric phases have been proposed to generate two independent right-handed and left-handed circularly polarized (RCP and LCP, respectively) waves. However, the RCP and LCP phases are correlated by a linear equation of the dynamic and geometric phases. In this paper, we propose a meta-atom in which the 1-bit phase of two orthogonal polarizations can be controlled independently. Moreover, a high-gain broadband millimeter-wave multidimensional metasurface to generate an x-polarized l = 0 beam with a 10° beam deflection and a y-polarized l = +1 beam independently is simulated, fabricated, and tested. The proposed metasurface operating over the frequency range of 16–28 GHz has the maximum gains of 28.7 dBi and 23.8 dBi for the l = 0 x-polarized waves and l = +1 y-polarized waves, respectively. Compared with spin-decoupled metasurfaces, the proposed metasurface provides a simpler design process to generate two independent vortex beams for the two orthogonal polarizations. The proposed vortex metasurface also has the advantages of dual polarization, high gain, wide relative bandwidth, and is broadband. The proposed metasurface has potential application in high-capacity communication systems.


Deployable integral lifting construction technology was firstly adopted for the cylindrical latticed shell in the coal storage of Yahekou Power Plant in He′nan.However, the lifting appliance failed to ensure a homogeneous lift of the lifting-point, which will consequently produce additional internal force.The present paper studies the degree of influence inhomogeneous lift has on the structure, proposing a control criterion of lifting-point difference in the hope of providing some practical reference for the deployable integral lifting construction.


Bedwetting can have a serious impact of a child's self-esteem and emotional wellbeing. Sally Norfolk and Janet Wootton provide and overview.


The applications of parallel robots in various fields are increasing. In this paper, a research on the design optimization of a 6-PSS parallel manipulator for motion simulating is presented. The optimization problem of maximizing the workspace is formulated according to geometric and kinematic analysis. In particular, the workspace is a totally flexible workspace with 6 degrees-of-freedom (DOF). To maximize the workspace of the 6-PSS parallel robot, we investigated the differential evolution algorithm (DE), and the genetic algorithm (GA) is also adopted as a comparison. Computational results show DE algorithm outperforms GA algorithm at about 48.3% in optimal solution providing and 9.3% in time consuming.


Duodenal neuroendocrine tumors are rare but increasing in incidence and optimal management is hindered by lack of duodenum-specific staging. Duodenal carcinoids were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results tumor registry. Depth of invasion was defined as limited to lamina propria (LP), invading muscularis propria (MP), through muscularis propria (TMP), and through serosa (S). Nine hundred forty-nine patients were identified with majorities being male (57%), white (70%), and node-negative (87%). Tumor size (cm) was less than 1, 47 per cent; 1 to 2, 35 per cent; and greater than 2, 8 per cent with 76 per cent LP. Lymph node (LN) involvement was associated with age, depth of invasion (LP 4%, MP 28%, TMP 54%, and S 57%) and size (less than 1 cm, 3%; 1 to 2 cm, 13%; and greater than 2 cm, 40%). Using the current T staging, LN involvement was: T1 (LP) 2 per cent, T2 (MP or greater than 1 cm) 13 per cent, T3 (TMP) 54 per cent, and T4 (S) 57 per cent. We reclassified current T1 to T1a and current T2 stage to T1b (1 to 2 cm and LP) and T2 (MP or greater than 2 cm). LN metastasis for T1b tumors was 4.7 per cent compared with 20.8 per cent for T2. The resulting TNM classification better defines 5-year disease-specific survival. Our modified staging schema identifies a low-risk group (T1a and T1b) that may be considered for local therapy.


This paper analyzes the types and characteristics of the evaluation index of social impact in road construction projects,and proposes dimensionless mothods of quantitative indexes and qualitative indexes against different dimemsions among evaluation indexes,based which this paper also deeply studies the dimensionlessness of the evaluation index of social impact in road construction projects,and provides a new method and idea for the calculation of the social impact evaluation in road construction projects.


The aim of this study is to derive and apply the hedonic approach for determining and updating official land prices with respect to e.g. the impact of climate change that has occurred in the conditions of the Czech Republic in recent years. Pricing using the hedonic method is based on capturing individual factors separately. The evaluated soil ecological unit code consists of a 5-digit numerical code, which expresses the affiliation to the climate region (0-9, see table 1), the main soil unit (0-78), the slope of the land and the orientation to the point of the compass (0-9) and also the depth of the soil profile and skeletality (0-9). The derived hedonic pricing model is estimated using heteroscedasticity corrected estimator. The fitted model shows considerably high explanatory power and together with high parameter significance for majority of dummy variables (soil characteristics) as well as with theoretical and logical consistency represent a tool for new official land price settings in the process of land reevaluation due to the erosion and climate change effects.


Most keyword extraction systems utilize external knowledge bases such as lexicon, ontological databases, keyword lists and training corpus for extracting keywords. The drawbacks of using external knowledge bases are formatting incompatibility, domain constraint, and updating difficulty. This work proposes a keyword extraction system, which uses only the knowledge within the document, to extract the keywords. The knowledge includes the title and content of document. All candidates are determined as keywords if they have the same meaning as seed keywords. These seed keywords are previously extracted by employing the document title. We syntactically parse the document title and then use all noun phrase combinations as seed keywords. These keywords are used as the index to pick the relevant sentences in the document and then automatically convert into knowledge representation, called semantic graphs. Simultaneously, the candidates for being accepted as keywords are processed in the same steps as the seed keyword extraction. However, the candidates are altered from the whole sentences in the document instead of the document title as in seed keyword extraction. The similarity score of keyword semantic graphs and candidate semantic graphs are calculated based on conceptual graph operations. The experiments are arranged with 100 documents in domains such as business, computer and psychology. We compared the experimental results to the author-determined keywords and two practical keyword extraction systems i.e. EXTRACTOR and KEA. The experimental results show acceptable performance with 54.81%, 73.87% and 77.94% when they are compared to keywords determined by the author, EXTRACTOR and KEA, respectively.


Background: Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MMM) is a progressive and fatal myeloproliferative disorder with limited therapeutic options. R115777 is a non-peptidomimetic enzyme-specific inhibitor of farnesyl protein transferase (FT) which we recently reported has in vitro activity against aberrant myeloid progenitors from MMM patients (Leukemia2003;17:849). This observation, coupled with the clinical activity demonstrated in high risk acute myeloid leukemia (Blood2001;97:3361) and chronic myeloid disorders (Blood2003;101:1692) led us to perform a Phase II trial in patients (pts) with MMM. Methods: Eligible pts had histologically confirmed MMM and were symptomatic, defined by anemia (hemoglobin Results: 34 pts (median age 65 yrs, range 55–80; 71% male) were enrolled in the trial. All pts displayed symptomatic disease at enrollment, with 10 who were erythrocyte transfusion dependent; and 19 (56%) had a Lille MMM prognostic score ≥1; no pts were significantly thrombocytopenic at entry by enrollment criteria. Median pre-study spleen and liver sizes were 12 cm (range: 0–35) and 2 cm (range: 0–15) below the left and right costal margin, respectively. Median time to discontinuation of therapy was 5.5 months (95% CI:2.9–6.4). Reasons for early termination were progression (7), adverse reactions (5), co-morbidities (2), refusal of further treatment (2), and death on study (1). One pt died of grade 5 pneumonitis two weeks after study enrollment, which was felt to be unrelated to study treatment. Significant toxicities (≥ grade 3) were seen for myelosuppression (n=13), neuropathy (n=2), fatigue (n=1), rash (n=1) and hyponatremia (n=1). Overall, R115777 resulted in little improvement in anemia, with the exception of one anemia-based partial response. However, the myelosuppressive aspects of the agent may have masked improvements in cytopenias. In contrast, R115777 did result in clinically relevant decreases in organomegaly in 11 pts (33%) (splenomegaly in 3 pts, hepatomegaly in 5 pts, and both in an additional 3 pts.) Across all pts who had some reduction in splenomegaly, the median maximal reduction was 42.5% (of palpable component; range: 8–100%). Likewise, all patients with baseline hepatomegaly had resolution of this problem at some point during therapy. Four pts remain on the agent (from 14 to 22 months) for continued and sustained improvement in organomegaly. Responses observed did not significantly correlate with reductions in bone marrow fibrosis, osteosclerosis, neoangiogenesis, or resolution of baseline karyotypic abnormalities. Conclusions: R115777 has demonstrated preliminary activity against MMM associated organomegaly. Whether this latter benefit is independent of R115777 induced myelosuppression is unclear. The myelosuppression observed was generally mild and without clinical consequence, although it was difficult to differentiate between myelosuppression versus disease progression. Pts continue to be followed to evaluate durability of observed responses, long term effects on anemia and intramedullary manifestations of the disease.


Therapeutic cancer vaccines promote immune responses by delivering tumour‐specific antigens. Recently, we developed iron oxide (Fe3O4)–zinc oxide (ZnO) core‐shell nanoparticles (CSNPs) as carriers for antigen delivery into dendritic cells (DCs), and the CSNPs were injected subcutaneously into C57BL/6 mice to examine the systemic toxicity, tissue distribution and excretion of the CSNPs. The doses injected were 0, 4, 20 and 200 mg kg–1 weekly for 4 weeks. No significant changes were observed after the CSNPs administration with respect to mortality, clinical observations, body weight, food intake, water consumption, urinalysis, haematology, serum biochemistry,and organ weights. A dose‐dependent increase in granulomatous inflammation was observed at the injection site of the CSNP‐treated animals, but no other histopathological lesions in other organs could be attributed to the CSNPs. The Zn concentration, which is an indicator for CSNPs, was not significantly higher in the sampled tissues, urine, or faeces after the CSNP injection. In contrast, the Zn concentration at the subcutaneous skin of the site injected with the CSNPs increased in a dose‐dependent manner, along with a macroscopic deposition of the CSNPs. The CSNP residue at the injection site resulted in a foreign body response with the appearance of macrophage infiltration, but otherwise did not show any systemic distribution or toxicity at up to 200 mg kg–1 during this study. In conclusion, CSNPs could be used as good antigen carriers for DC‐based immunotherapy, although further study is needed to completely clear the residue of the CSNPs at the injection site. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


ABSTRACT In the present manuscript, the eigenvalue approach is used for the two-dimensional problem of nonlocal microstretch circular plate subjected to mechanical source. The Laplace and Hankel transforms are applied to solve the problem. The inversion of the Laplace and Hankel transforms are carried out using the inversion formula of the transforms together with Fourier expansion techniques. Numerical inversion methods are applied to obtain the results in the physical domain. The results for microstretch and nonlocal elasticity are deduced as special cases from the present formulation. Numerical results are represented graphically and discussed to show the effect of nonlocal and microstretch.


Abstract : Between April and July 1998, the U.S. Army Medical Research Unit-Europe administered physical and psychological screening measures to 790 soldiers assigned to 11 U.S. Garrison units based in Germany. This report compares the Garrison data with data collected from 41,992 soldiers redeploying from Bosnia from November 1997 through March 1998 using scales to assess symptoms of post-traumatic stress, depression, and alcohol abuse. Soldiers exceeding criteria on any of the scales completed a secondary screen with mental health personnel to determine referral for follow-up services. Results indicated overall psychological and physical readiness for both samples. However, the Garrison sample reported more physical and psychological symptoms and had a higher rate of psychological referrals than the Bosnia sample. The Garrison sample exceeded criteria on the post-traumatic stress and depression scales compared to the Bosnia sample, with differences primarily found among junior-enlisted soldiers. Rates on the alcohol screening scale, and rates for soldiers requesting to speak with a counselor were similar for both samples. A more extensive physical health screen was conducted for the Garrison sample revealing a link between reported psychological and physical symptoms. This study establishes Garrison mental health norms and demonstrates that a proactive screening program may prevent more serious physical and psychological problems through early detection and self-referral.


Objective To establish an HPLC method for the content determination of 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural in Shenmai Injection.Methods HPLC conditions was Alltima C18(4.6 mm× 150 mm,5 μm),the mobile phase was MeOH-H2O(8∶92);the UV detection wavelength was 284nm,the flow rate was 1 ml·min-1,and the column temperature was 30℃.Results The linear range was 0.030 690 3~0.613 805 4 μg(R2=0.999 992),average recovery was 103.19%,and RSD was 0.7%.Conclusion This HPLC method is simple,rapid,accurate and reliable for the content determination of 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural in Shenmai Injection.


Summary Vehicle-to-grid is a promising solution to help integrate renewable energy sources into the electricity grid. This study focuses on microgrids using long-term parking lots and assesses the economical impact of changing an existing parking lot with internal combustion cars to a parking lot with electric vehicles and bi-directional chargers. In addition, it answers the questions on how many chargers should be installed and at what power. In order to fulfill this task, an energy management system, a parking pattern and a control strategy are developed and simulated. The results show that several parameters have strong impacts on an economical aspect for the microgrid's owner, such as the price of the chargers, the available capacity per car and the price of electricity.


This paper reviewed the causes of asphalt pavement rutting,and pointed out the necessary of pavement thermal reduction research.The thermal sensors were settled in- to the pavement to survey the thermal reduction of different type asphalt mixture used in middle and binder courses.The results show that porous asphalt pavement's thermal re- duction is better than the SMA pavement.Using this middle course can decrease rutting and save cost.


Nowadays knowledge of the physical parameters of irradiated nuclear fuel is going to be a key issue for the continued and future use of nuclear energy. One of the major characteristics of spent fuel which plays an important role in international nuclear materials Safeguards is the quantity of plutonium (Pu) in wastes. It can be obtained through using of various techniques, one of which is the non-destructive assay (NDA) method of slowing-down time spectrometry in lead where the energy spectrum of neutrons can be represented as being monoenergetic with minor deviation from the peak value in each time moment after a fast neutron pulse. This fact was successfully used in developing several methods of Pu mass determination and confirmed the potential of the Lead Slowing Down Spectrometer (LSDS) to get detailed information about spent fuel [1-2]. A method, which we presented earlier [3], was based on a matrix of time intervals where large differences in the number of fissions of 235U and 239Pu are observed. This technique allows increasing precision in the Pu evaluation by decreasing the self-shielding effect significantly. As opposed to homogeneous-volume approximations used in our previous research, we describe the detailed Monte Carlo models of real fuel assemblies, as well as the effects of the influence of the scintillation detector to the system in question. Although the proposed method for characterization of spent fuel assemblies has only been studied using Monte Carlo simulations, it was possible to demonstrate the determination of 239Pu using a DT pulsed neutron source, a Lead Slowing Down Spectrometer, and fast timing scintillator that is sensitive to both photons and neutrons. Additional information about the system can be obtained from n-γ pulse shape discrimination.


Abstract This article considers partitioning a given set of competing treatments into two subsets with the purpose of separating good and bad treatments. (The qualities "good" and "bad" are defined in terms of the parameter vector of the underlying distribution family.) Regarding the probability of an incorrect partition, within the class of so-called natural procedures minimax solutions are derived under suitable distributional assumptions. These results extend previous investigations to the larger family of quasi-concave distributions. It is shown that the multivariate noncentral t distribution with v degrees of freedom is (-1/v)-concave, and hence quasi-concave. Thus the unknown variance case in a normal distribution setup is covered as a special application. Specifically, for partitioning with respect to a control, the presented minimax results are used in the unknown variance case to determine optimal allocations of total sample sizes that guarantee a correct partition at a preassigned confidence lev...


AIM: To study the neuromechanism of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection-induced asthma by measuring airway responsiveness (AR) and cholinergic nerve distributions in airway smooth muscle in asthmatic guinea pigs produced by RSV. METHODS: Guinea pigs (n=34) were randomly divided into 4 groups: Hep-2/NS group (n=9), RSV/NS group (n=9), Hep-2/OVA group (n=8) and RSV/OVA group (n=8). Hep-2 and RSV were given in the form of nose drops and NS (normal saline) and OVA (ovalbumin) were inspired in gas. On day 21 after infection, we tested AR, counted eosinophils in tracheal mucosa and submucosa and positive cholinergic fibers in smooth muscle by immunochemistry. RESULTS: Intra-airway pressure (IP) of RSV/NS group had no significant difference from that of Hep-2/NS group (P0.05), but IP of Hep-2/OVA group was much higher than those of Hep-2/NS and RSV/NS groups (both P0.05), and IP of RSV/OVA group was higher than that of Hep-2/OVA group (P0.01). Eosinophils: There was no significant difference between Hep-2/NS and RSV/NS groups (P0.05), but Hep-2/OVA group was much higher than Hep-2/NS group and RSV/NS group (both P0.05), and RSV/OVA group was much higher than Hep-2/OVA group (P0.01). Positive cholinergic fibers in smooth muscle: There was no significant difference between Hep-2/NS group and RSV/NS group (P0.05), and Hep-2/OVA group was higher than Hep-2/NS group and RSV/NS group (both P0.01), but there was no significant difference between Hep-2/OVA group and RSV/OVA group (P0.05). CONCLUSION: ① RSV infection could enhance OVA-induced airway hyperresponsiveness; ② OVA could increase the expression of positive cholinergic fibers in smooth muscle in airway, but RSV had no significant impact on it.


In recent years there has been increasing awareness on the gap in knowledge on the safety and efficacy of medicines used in children. The work as described in this thesis is based on large observational studies across Europe and aimed to study the use and risks of medicines in children and adolescents. First we studied prescriptions patterns of several classes of medicines in different European countries, second we assessed which adverse drug reactions are commonly reported, third we studied the methodological aspects of performing safety signal detection within paediatrics and last we studied the effect of several safety warning on the prescriptions of prokinetic drugs.
Chapter 1 gives a general introduction to the different topics that were studied in this thesis and provides an overview of the data sources used. The chapter concludes with the outline of the thesis.

Drug utilisation
Chapter 2 describes the extent of primary care antibiotic prescribing in the Netherlands, the United Kingdom (UK) and Italy during a ≥10 years study period. We included almost 3 million children aged 0-6 months). Systemical hormonal preparations, alimentary medicines and antineoplastic/immunomodulating agents were prominently reported after long-term treatment, while anti-infective medicines, musculoskeletal system drugs and sensory organ drugs were reported mostly with short term use. This is in line with what is expected based on indications and from knowledge on use of medicines. Large compilations of paediatric ICSRs might be a suitable additional source to generate signals on delayed events and new onset chronic events. Knowledge on the distribution of the classes of medicines and events within AERS is a key first step in developing paediatric specific methods for drug safety surveillance.

Methods in paediatric safety signal detection
In Chapter 8 we studied the effect of a large proportion of vaccine-related ICSRs in a spontaneous reporting database on the sensitivity of paediatric safety signal detection methods. We used VigiBase; vaccines made up 54% of all paediatric ICSRs reported in the period between 2000 and 2006. We compared the number of detected signals of disproportional reporting (SDRs) identified using either all paediatric reports available or using subgroups of vaccine-ADR pairs and non-vaccine-ADR. For ADRs reported less frequent for medicines (non-vaccines) than for vaccines, subgroup analysis using non-vaccines only led to an increase of the sensitivity of the signal detection process. If the ADR was reported more frequent for medicines than for vaccines, routine application of subgroup analysis can be harmful since then subgroup analysis led to a decreased sensitivity. Subgroup analysis can in this group be informative in specific subgroup analyses for studying the magnitude of class effects for the individual drugs in the class.
Chapter 9 explored the use of electronic healthcare record database for safety signal detection in paediatrics. To complement safety surveillance in spontaneous reporting systems and other traditional monitoring systems, initiatives in the United States (US) and in Europe have set up population-based surveillance systems that make use of longitudinal electronic healthcare data. Using a paediatric population that comprised 4.8 million children and adolescents contributing 25.6 million PY of follow-up, we studied what the statistical power of the EU-ADR (Exploring and Understanding Adverse Drug Reactions by Integrative Mining of Clinical Records and Biomedical Knowledge) network is for performing paediatric safety signal detection. The use of medicines in children was rare and was limited to only a few drugs; only 18 represented 50% and 158 drugs covered 90% of the total drug exposure time. The events that were considered to be most relevant for safety monitoring in adults had very low IRs in the paediatric population. The consequence of this combination of rare events and low use of medicines was that the number of medicines with enough exposure to monitor these events was low. For a rare but serious event like anaphylactic shock there were no drugs with enough exposure to study a weak association (RR≥2) and only 20 drugs to study a strong association (RR≥6). For a relatively frequent event such as upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) there were 5 medicines with enough exposure to study a weak association (RR≥2) and 79 drugs for which an association with a RR≥6, if present, can be investigated. The statistical power of a system like the EU-ADR network is much higher for events more frequently occurring in the paediatric population. In future initiatives to set up drug surveillance systems for the paediatric population using electronic healthcare records, it is very important to choose age-appropriate events and definitions. Inter-continental collaboration will be necessary to gain enough statistical power for paediatric safety surveillance.

Signal detection and safety warnings
Chapter 10 describes a sequel to the study presented in chapter 9. We compared signal detection for UGIB within a cohort of children and adolescents (aged 0-20 years) from the EU-ADR network with spontaneous reports within VigiBase. Both the number of identified signals and the rate of detected known signals were compared. In total, 142 different signal were identified, of which 17 (12.0%; 41.2% known) in both data sources; 87 in VigiBase only (61.3%; 27.6% known), and 38 in EU-ADR only (26.8%; 13.2% known). VigiBase The signals that were identified only within VigiBase did not have exposure data within EU-ADR or lacked statistical power to detect the event in EU-ADR. Signal detection for children in electronic healthcare record (EHR) data is currently hampered by a lack of statistical power. Enlarging the study population and acquisition of data on in-hospital drug use are essential for improving signal detection within EHR databases.
In Chapter 11 we studied the effect of safety warnings on the use of prokinetic (domperidone, metoclopramide and cisapride) medicines in Italy, Spain and the Netherlands. In the last decennium multiple warning have been issued for serious adverse events associated with the use of several prokinetic medicines. Overall a decrease in the utilisation of prokinetic drugs over time was seen in both Italy and the Netherlands while an increase was observed in Spain. Safety warnings had a significant effect on the prescribing in both the Netherlands and Italy. In Spain, the safety warnings did not result in a decreasing prescription rate which shows that mere changes in the Summary of Product Characteristics are probably not enough and higher public notoriety through informative notes and/or the implementation of restrictive measures are needed.


A new cembrane-type diterpenoid (1) and 9 known cembranoids (2-10) were isolated from the leaves of Nicotiana tabacum. The structure of the new metabolite was confirmed by extensive analyses of their spectroscopic data, including high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS), 1D- and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy (IR). All of the isolated compounds were tested for their protective effects against oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. The new compound 1 exhibited a moderate protective effect against OGD-induced neurotoxicity at 10 μM.


In order to develop a deeper understanding of speakability and its connection to the actual practice of stage translation, this study explores the rendition of Salieris monologues in the 1986 Beijing production of Peter Shaffers Amadeus. The study finds that speakability does
 not manifest itself in specific stylistic forms; nor would it be determined by the adoption of any particular translation strategy. Rather, its conceptualization could be deeply embedded in the translators reading of the given dramatic roles and circumstances. This would make the translated
 playtext a so-called hypothetical performance text incorporated with the translators own hypothetical mise en scne. The process of testing speakability through the actors verbalization is also one where the translators hypothetical mise en scne is evaluated. By tracking the verbal
 changes made from page to stage, this study shows how the process could be influenced by the negotiation with and between the translational and the theatrical norms governing the different phases of the production, and how a stage translator could make greater contribution to the process.


The thermal design process for many electronic products often minimizes the use of computational fluid dynamics and heat transfer (CFD/HT) software in favor of quick prototyping and testing to determine the thermal characteristics of the product. For large-scale products with many thermal challenges, such a strategy is impractical due to the high cost of prototyping cycles, time constraints, and the inevitable iterations involved. In such cases, thorough CFD/HT models developed early in the design process are very valuable for driving the product design. Based on this idea, the study examines thermal management and performance of a 55″ outdoor digital display using CFD/HT software. Simulation results are obtained in the range of environmental temperature/irradiance values that can be experimentally obtained. The experimental data and simulations are compared to see if they are in a good agreement. The simulations are then used to make predictions for performance under harsh environments. The study examines variation in results between two different software, mesh element sizes, and meshing techniques. It is shown that CFD/HT software can be used as a means of making conservative design choices.


Objective To investigate the circadian rhythm variation of 2 [ 125 I] iodomelatonin ( 125 I Mel) binding sites in the human peripheral leukocytes in patients with senile dementia Methods Melatonin binding sites in human peripheral leukocytes were studied using 125 I Mel as a radioligand for radioligand binding assays .All patients [age: (73 4±9 26) years]. were diagnosed by CT and according to the standard of DSM Ⅳ R,MMSE and HIS 10 age matched healthy old people as the control were studied [age: ( 69 3±6 77 )years] Results The circadian rhythm variation of 125 I Mel specific binding in control remained significant(t=3 496, P0 05 and t=14 44,P0 001 respectively) with a higher value at midlight [(0 234±0 023) fmol/10 6 cell and( 0 199±0 019) fmol/10 6 cell respectively] than at middark [(0 165±0 023 )fmol/10 6 cell and( 0 095±0 027) fmol/10 6 cell respectively] using Scatchard and one point analysis There was no significant variation in the senile dementia group(P0 05) The specific binding in the peripheral leukocytes at midlight in the patients with senile dementia were lower than that of the control [(0 133±0 018) fmol/10 6 cell and (0 107±0 03) fmol/10 6 cell respectively].Conclusions The expression of Mel receptor decreases and the circadian rhythm variation of 125 I Mel appears disorder in the patients with senile dementia, but is normal in health old people.


The alkyl phenyl ketone oxime O-benzyl ethers are a new group of insecticidal compounds. Although they lack the ester linkage, they resemble the pyrethroids in general, and the esters of 2-phenylalkanoic acids, in particular fenvalerate, because they show similar physiological effects on isolated nerve preparations and on whole insects; they also show a similar pattern of change of biological activity in response to structural change. The compounds may exist as two geometric isomers, of which only the (E) series shows significant biological activity; this observation appears to have some bearing on the relationship between conformation and activity in the pyrethroid series as a whole.


Macrophages accumulate triglycerides under certain pathological conditions such as atherosclerosis. Triglycerides are carried in the bloodstream as part of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and chylomicrons. How macrophages take up and process VLDL-lipids is not very well known. Here, using VLDL-sized triglyceride-rich emulsion particles, we aimed to study the mechanism by which VLDL-triglycerides are taken up, processed, and stored in macrophages. Our results show that macrophage uptake of emulsion particles mimicking VLDL (VLDLm) is dependent on lipoproteins lipase (LPL) and requires the lipoprotein-binding C-terminal domain of LPL but not the catalytic N-terminal domain. Subsequent internalization of VLDLm-triglycerides by macrophages is carried out by caveolae-mediated endocytosis, followed by triglyceride hydrolysis catalyzed by lysosomal acid lipase. Transfer of lysosomal fatty acids to the ER for subsequent storage as triglycerides is mediated by Stard3, whereas NPC1 was found to promote the extracellular efflux of fatty acids from lysosomes. Our data provide novel insights into how macrophages process VLDL-derived triglycerides and suggest that macrophages have the remarkable capacity to excrete part of the internalized triglycerides as fatty acids. Summary Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants contribute to atherosclerosis, possibly by carrying remnant cholesterol and/or by exerting a pro-inflammatory effect on macrophage. Nevertheless, little is known about how macrophages process triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. We show that uptake by macrophages of VLDL-like particles is dependent on the enzyme lipoproteins lipase via its C-terminal domain. Subsequent internalization of VLDL-triglycerides by macrophages is carried out by caveolae-mediated endocytosis, followed by hydrolysis by lysosomal acid lipase. Transfer of lysosomal fatty acids to the ER for lipid storage is mediated by Stard3, while NPC1 promotes the extracellular efflux of fatty acids. Our data provide novel insights into how macrophages process VLDL-derived triglycerides and suggest that macrophages have the remarkable capacity to excrete internalized triglycerides as fatty acids.


We report the result of experiments in which we detected subspecific malware of a fiducial one included in FFRI Dataset 2013. Specifically, we found Kullback-Leibler divergences between two Dirichlet distributions of the base malware and every other malware in the dataset by calculating posterior probability distributions. Kullback-Leibler divergence represents a non-symmetric distance between two probability distributions P and Q. To find the posterior probability distribution, It is necessary to plug the multinomial distribution as patterns of Windows API calls and the conjugate prior distribution of the multinomial distribution into Bayes' theorem and to calculate this theorem.


We have carried out a long-term photometric and spectroscopic monitoring program of the southern FU Orionis–type object BBW 76 spanning the period from 1982 to 1997. BBW 76 has the same radial velocity as the small cloud toward which it is projected, and for which a kinematic distance of about 1.8 kpc has been derived. We have determined a large reddening of E(B-V) ∼ 0.7 for BBW 76. Optical and infrared spectra show the change toward later spectral type with increasing wavelength characteristic of FU Orionis stars and indicative of a hot luminous disk. High-resolution echelle spectra of BBW 76 show P Cygni profiles with extended blueshifted absorption troughs at the Hα and sodium lines from a neutral, supersonic wind. Comparison of such spectra obtained at six different epochs between 1985 and 1997 reveals major changes in these Hα and sodium line profiles. For a period of 10 years from 1985, the massive absorption troughs diminished in extent and depth, until by 1994 they had all but disappeared, while at the same time the blueshifted emission peak in the Hα line increased markedly in strength. However, when observed in 1997, the absorption had increased again and the emission had diminished. We interpret this in terms of an extended period during which accretion through a circumstellar disk decreased, with a resulting decrease in wind production. But the increased activity by 1997 shows that this is not a constant decay and that the star was not about to revert to its presumably original T Tauri stage. We monitored the star with optical photometry from 1983 to 1994, during which period it decreased almost monotonically in brightness by 0.2 mag in V. Infrared J, H, and K photometry from 1983 to 1991 shows a period of monotonic fading between 1984 and 1988, followed by more irregular behavior. In a search of the Harvard plate archives we have found a plate from the year 1900 on which BBW 76 is seen at approximately its present brightness, certainly not 2 mag brighter as expected if the optical decline between 1983 and 1994 had persisted during the whole century. Also, a plate taken for the Franklin-Adams charts in 1927 again shows BBW 76 at approximately the same brightness. This historical light curve makes BBW 76 the FU Orionis star with the longest-documented period in a high state. Overall, the observations suggest that BBW 76 is virtually identical to the prototype of its class, FU Orionis itself, in all respects except that BBW 76 has not shown the regular fading that FU Orionis has displayed after its eruption in 1936. This may be due to continued replenishment of the circumstellar accretion disk.


Our experiments on ferroelectric aging of Al3+- and Ga3+-doped BaTiO3 ceramics reveal the crucial role of migration kinetics of point defects (oxygen vacancies) besides the thermodynamic driving force based on the symmetry conforming short-range ordering scenario. The doping with Ga3+ or tiny Al3+ ions shows the clear aging effect, while the high-level Al3+-doping suppresses the aging effect. The suppression is mainly attributed to the kinetically limited migration of oxygen vacancies due to the lattice shrinkage, while the other mechanisms may also make sense.


Newtonian mechanics is a subfield of mechanics that deals with the motion of particle, and is by far the most clear and concise kinematics. Although Newtonian mechanics can well describe the motion of particle, it is not applicable to the motion of bodies other than particle. That is why it could not explain the rotation and revolution of celestial bodies as well as the impetus for their movements. Based on Newtonian mechanics, this paper presented an extended discussion of the motion of non-particle objects and put forth a new kinetic theory that can well explain the rotation and revolution of celestial bodies and the motivating force for their movements. Meanwhile, it provided a feasible way of explaining the origin of gravity.


In this paper we consider the problem of best uniform approximation by elements of WT-spaces. In particular, we investigate the structure of the corresponding error function when the function to be approximated is generalized convex with respect to a WT-space. The principal concept involved is that of an alternation element, an element for which the error function takes on its norm with alternating signs a specified number of times. This approach has been employed by Jones, Karlovitz [4], Sommer, Strauss [10], Nurnberger, Sommer [7] and Barrar, Loeb [2]. Much of the material in this paper was inspired by a paper of Amir and Ziegler [1] . A new characterization of WT-spaces in terms of alternation elements is given.


With great excitement we welcome you to the new peer-reviewed open access online Journal of Clinical Education in Physical Therapy (JCEPT). As editors, we aim to use our experience in program and clinical education administration and the distinguished JCEPT editorial board to facilitate communication between clinicians and educators and develop educational scholarship among current and future physical therapy faculty.


Implications of trade and macroeconomic policies on the performance of the Canadian agricultural sector were analyzed using a structural econometric model. Results indicated that had Canada been more integrated with the world economy, its volume of trade would have been 3% higher than its actual level, and much greater price incentives for agriculture would have occurred. Copyright 1998, Oxford University Press.


This research focuses on utilizing existing on-board units of bus real-time information systems for bus signal priority. When a bus approach the designated intersection, the center receives information from the bus, estimates how long the bus arrives the intersection, and sends the priority request to the signal controller. The controller then chooses an appropriate signal priority strategy. GPRS network is the communication channel from bus to center and from center to controller. Three tests are included in this research, communication frequency, bus check-in range and location of bus stops, to see their influence on BSP system. For the covering abstract see ITRD E134653.


R-matrix calculations are carried out for the scattering of electrons from C3 molecules for an incident electron energy range of 1–10 eV. Elastic differential, integral and momentum transfer cross sections are obtained by summing over rotationally elastic and rotationally inelastic cross sections for rotor states up to J = 4. The excitation cross sections from the ground state of C3, at its equilibrium geometry, to its nine low-lying electronically excited states are also presented. We have included 15 states in the close coupling expansion of the scattering system, where each target state is represented by configuration interaction (CI) wavefunctions. The vertical spectrum of energy levels obtained with CI wavefunctions is in good agreement with other theoretical work. We have detected one shape resonance, two Feshbach resonances and five core-excited shape resonances in the energy range 2–7 eV. The energetics of these resonances and their assignments have been given. We also carried out R-matrix calculations in the static-exchange (SE) and static-exchange plus polarization approximations (SEP) to facilitate the recognition of the nature of the various resonances found. There is no other theoretical or experimental work available for the scattering parameters to compare with our work.


A method for obtaining and maintaining system frame number and linking frame number of WCDMA user includes creating an absolute time standard, searching the frame timing of each small zone, demodulating broadcast channel to obtain system frame number, latching absolute time standard in the head of the first frame in continuous frames obtaining the system frame number and offset of absolute time standard of each small zone, regulating frame numbers, recording them in the zone information table, and regularly obtaining the frame timing of each small zone to updata said information table.


The damage and fracture behavior of Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRPs) is quite complex and is different than the failure behavior of the traditionally employed metals. There are various types of failure mechanisms that can develop during the service life of composite structures. Each of these mechanisms can initiate and propagate independently. However, in practice, they act synergistically and appear simultaneously. The difficulties that engineers face to understand and predict how these different failure mechanisms result in a structural failure enforce them to use high design safety factors and also increases the number of certification tests needed. Considering that the experimental investigations of composites can be limited, very expensive, and time-consuming, in this contribution the newly developed multi Phase-Field (PF) fracture model [1] is employed to numerically study the failure in different Unidirectional Fiber Reinforced Polymers (UFRPs) laminates, namely, fracture in single-edge notched laminated specimens, matrix cracking in cross-ply laminates, and delamination migration in multi-layered UFRPs. The formulation of the PF model incorporates two independent PF variables and length scales to differentiate between fiber and inter-fiber (matrix-dominated) failure mechanisms. The physically motivated failure criterion of Puck is integrated into the model to control the activation and evolution of the PF parameters. The corresponding governing equations in terms of variational formulation is implemented into the Finite Element (FE) code ABAQUS utilizing the user-defined subroutines UMAT and UEL.


As a resident of early endosomal phagosomes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis is connected to the iron uptake system of the host macrophage. β-2-microglobulin (β2m) knockout (KO) mice are more susceptible to tuberculosis than wild-type mice, which is generally taken as a proof for the role of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I)–restricted CD8 T cells in protection against M. tuberculosis. However, β2m associates with a number of MHC-I–like proteins, including HFE. This protein regulates transferrin receptor mediated iron uptake and mutations in its gene cause hereditary iron overload (hemochromatosis). Accordingly, β2m-deficient mice suffer from tissue iron overload. Here, we show that modulating the extracellular iron pool in β2m–KO mice by lactoferrin treatment significantly reduces the burden of M. tuberculosis to numbers comparable to those observed in MHC class I–KO mice. In parallel, the generation of nitric oxide impaired in β2m–KO mice was rescued. Conversely, iron overload in the immunocompetent host exacerbated disease. Consistent with this, iron deprivation in infected resting macrophages was detrimental for intracellular mycobacteria. Our data establish: (a) defective iron metabolism explains the increased susceptibility of β2m-KO mice over MHC-I–KO mice, and (b) iron overload represents an exacerbating cofactor for tuberculosis.


The low hydrothermal stability of raw collagen limits its usage. In order to improve the hydrothermal stability of collagen, two materials, each with weak tanning power were used in leather-making. Research proved that a synergistic effect occurred during the leather making process. In this paper, by applying UV, FT-IR, 13 CNMR spectra and elemental analysis to the single salicylic acid and salicylic-metal compounds, the structural formulae of the compounds were determined and the hide powder was then treated with the three kinds of compounds. Finally, the treated hide powder was tested by DSC, it is presumed that Tanning Matrix formed among the collagen fibrils increases the hydrothermal stability of raw collagen. The result indicated that salicylic acid-chrome with a larger stability constant was better than the others in improving the heat resistance of raw collagen. The denaturation temperature of hide powder treated with salicylic-chrome was 146.7°C. The second most effective was salicylic-aluminum,when the temperature was 145.7°C.


Determining the age of a latent fingerprint trace found at a crime scene is an unresolved research issue since decades. Adopting a high-resolution, optical, non-invasive measurement device (FRT-MicroProf 200 CWL 600) from the area of surface quality measure-ment and combining it with pattern-recognition tech-niques might allow us to finally solve this important research challenge.


Modernization of education means working out the concept of personality spiritual development based on highly developed spiritual culture. The article gives historical sources of vocational activity culture, it reveals the trends of contemporary spiritual and moral upbringing, it offers investigation results of value and moral tendencies among students.


Objective The purpose of this research was to know the developmental state of foot shape of college students in Liaoning Province. Methods According to the international commonly used way of Shao Xiangqing standard anthropometic method, we investigated 319 (boys156, girls163) Han nationality college students in Liaoning Province. Results The measured values of foot of male and female college students in Liaoning Province were all smaller than those in Japan. There were significant sex differences among the values of all items. The differences also existed between right and left side of the foot; 23.1% of male college students and 34.4% of female were in the situation that the right foot was longer than the left, 21.8% of male and 47.2% of female were in the situation that the right was equal to the left, and 55.1% of male and 18.4% of female were in the situation that the right foot was shorter than the left. There were significant right-and-left proportional differences between male and female. Among the proportions of three-foot types, the proportion of moderate type was the highest. The proportion of male and female groups in the moderate type, the short-wide type and the long-narrow type of the foot shape were 80.1% and 81.0%, 12.2%and 8.6%, 7.7% and 10.4% respectively. Conclusion The foot shape of male and female college students in Liaoning Province was relatively shorter and thinner. There were notable nationality differences and area differences in foot length and foot width.


The primary purpose of this paper is to comprehensively assess households' burden due to health payments. Starting from the fairness approach developed by the World Health Organization, we analyse the burden of healthcare payments on Italian households by modeling catastrophic payments and impoverishment due to healthcare expenditures. For this purpose, we propose to extend the analysis of fairness in financing contribution through a generalized linear mixed models by introducing a bivariate correlated random effects model, where association between the outcomes is modeled through individual- and outcome-specific latent effects which are assumed to be correlated. We discuss model parameter estimation in a finite mixture context. By using such model specification, the fairness of the Italian national health service is investigated.


The paper analyses the relation between use and technological change, emphasising three points that are not usually mentioned in the literature: the need to study technologies and products beyond the typical Product Life Cycle model, the need to study the role of users as agents of technological change, and the need to study technology "in use", and not only new and upcoming technologies. Based on those premises, an empirical study of the home video games industry was conducted, combing qualitative and quantitative research activities through the "crystallisation" technique. The qualitative component was used to analyse online communities of users that perform technological changes to discontinued home video games hardware (modders) and their activities. The qualitative component comprised an online questionnaire to 20 users. Results confirm that "old" technologies continue to exist and to be improved long after they are discontinued, due to users' technological changes. These technological changes are complex processes, done through incremental steps, on an individual learning by doing basis, within a context of information sharing, and support within the communities. Although relevant from a technical point of view, the outcomes do not feedback into the innovation processes of companies.


The tourist services market in Poland, as in other countries, is constantly developing. Changes in its spatial arrangement are conditioned on the one hand by internal and external demand, and on the other by the development possibilities of individual regions. The aim of the study was to analyze changes in tourist traffic in a spatial and temporal layout with respect to Polish NUTS2 regions. The analyses were performed using data from the regional and local CSO data bank. In the research, tools in the field of statistical analysis were used. The results indicate that despite the apparent stable and sustainable development, in some voivodeships this process is faster and in some of them – Lubuskie – we can observe a drop in the number of tourists over the last years. There are also significant differences in seasonality between residents and non-residents and the frequency of visits in different regions. Polish coastal regions appear to be much more attractive to native tourists, as are ski areas in winter. Tourists from abroad visit large cities such as Warsaw, Krakow, Wroclaw and the surrounding area, which is the extension of the high season even until October.


The virulence of entomophthoralean fungi, Pandora delphacis against the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae have been evaluated, which confirmed the potential for aphids control using this fungi. Comparing with other known aphid fungi such as P. neoaphidis, Zoothphora anhuiensis and Z. radicans, P. delphacis had the similar virulence indices, but kill aphids much more quickly than the other entomophthoralean species. Meanwhile, the production of P. delphacis mycelia in liquid fermentation is much easier and faster than that of P. neoaphidis, Zoothphora anhuiensis and Z. radicans . Additionally, P. delphacis can be easily cultured in vitro at a wider range of temperatures (15~30℃) than P. neoaphidis, Zoothphora anhuiensis and Z. radicans , which usually grows poorly beyond 25℃. The tolerance of P. delphacis to the wider range of temperatures may allow it to better adapt to field environments. With these features in mind, P. delphacis is of even greater potential for utilization for microbial control of aphids than the other entomophthoralean species. Lastly, several suitable formulations were proposed and the application prospect has been discussed.


Lateral hip pain sometimes is called "greater trochanteric bursitis," but the preferred term now is greater trochanteric pain syndrome (because this


As a new development of Darwinism, sociobiology attempts to reduce human nature and behavior to gene level. This reduction has great impact on our cognition of human status in nature and gives social science an absolutely new prospect to understand human nature.


In contrast to a conventional microwave tube, a virtual-cathode device operates above the space-charge limit where the depth of the space-charge potential is sufficiently large to cause electron reflection. The region associated with electron reflection is referred to as a virtual cathode. Microwaves can be generated through oscillations in the position of the virtual cathode and by reflexing electrons trapped in the potential well formed between the real and virtual cathodes. A virtual-cathode device based on the first mechanism is a vircator while one based on latter mechanism is a reflex diode. A large number of low-voltage virtual-cathode microwave configurations have been investigated. Initial simulations of a high-voltage virtual-cathode device using a self-consistent particle-in-cell code indicated reasonable conversion efficiency with no frequency chirping. The nonchirping character of the high-voltage virtual-cathode device lead to the interesting possibility of locking four very-high-power microwave devices together using the four transmission lines available at Aurora. Subsequently, in support of two high-voltage experiments, simulations were used to investigate the effect of field-emission threshold and velvet position on the cathode; anode and cathode shape; anode-cathode gap spacing; output waveguide radius; diode voltage; a cathode-coaxial-cavity resonator; a high-frequency ac-voltage drive; anode foil scattering and energy loss; andmore » ion emission on the microwave frequency and power. Microwave« less


The construct of anxiety plays a major role in one's life. One of these anxieties is test anxiety or apprehension over academic evaluation. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between gender, academic achievement, years of study and levels of test anxiety. This investigation is a descriptive analytic study and was done on 110 undergraduate students from University of Isfahan. The Suinn's Test Anxiety Questionnaire with 48 questions was used to gather the data. For analysis of data correlation coefficient and chi square test were used. The findings revealed that female students have a higher level of test anxiety in contrast to male students. The average of test anxiety score among female students was higher. Also a statistically significant negative correlation was observed between test anxiety and academic achievement. There was no meaningful relationship between test anxiety and years of study.


Gerard Morel was a pioneer in bringing scientific ornithology to a part of the world that lacked it. After his education in France, his whole career (1953–1992) was spent in an isolated village in West Africa. He became the recognized authority on West African ornithology, as evinced by his contribution to the worldwide survey of ornithology in the 100th Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club (Morel 1980). But, though isolated, he was not alone. He had married another ornithologist, MarieYvonne, and together they established one of Africa's foremost ornithological stations at Richard-Toll in Senegal (16825N, 15842W), where they lived and brought up four children, until Gerard's retirement in 1992. Back in France, they settled in Normandy and Gerard continued to contribute as president of the West African Ornithological Society (WAOS) and through correspondence with the international ornithological community. Gerard was born in Amiens, north of Paris, in 1925 and had his high school education there, following the classics curriculum. The River Somme was very near, and he showed an early interest in nature, spending much of his free time among the river's marshes, exploring and identifying the plants and animals he encountered. Amiens was frequently bombed during World War II, and in August of 1944 it was liberated from German occupation, but only after fierce fighting. Gerard and other young men were forced to bring in the corpses from the streets, a terrible memory that stayed with him all his life. Gerard studied biology and botany at the University of Paris, graduated with a master's degree in 1950, and was Gerard (wearing hat) with staff of the Richard-Toll Ornithological Station engaged in bird census activities on the arid savanna of northern Senegal. Date and photographer unknown.


Abstract : Nineteen users of the Finnigan 1015 Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer System were interviewed about their experience. The survey was directed principally at instrument performance (satisfaction, down time, major problems, stability, service problems), samples (type and size, inlets, data treatment), modifications and use (closed vs. open facility, background and duty of the operators, sensitivity and performance checks and special applications). The responses are discussed and tabulated and compared to the authors' experience with a CEC (now DuPont) 21-104 mass spectrometer. (Modified author abstract)


The present invention relates to a polishing sheet having an abrasive grain layer formed on the thin flexible resin film surface. The polishing sheet to form a thin flexible resin layer on the surface of the mold release agent applied to a release film; Forming an abrasive particle layer on an upper surface of the resin film layer; Thereafter removing said resin film having said abrasive particle layer formed thereon from the mold release film; Wherein the resin film the abrasive grain layer is formed on it is prepared by the steps of cutting to an appropriate size. Abrasive sheets, but can provide excellent yeonmaryeok during the polishing operation, follows the orange peel on the surface of the polishing surface. Therefore, the polishing sheet is effective for use as the polishing tool that can replace the fine compound buffing process currently utilized in the automobile repairing industry.


An analysis of the defended dissertations on the specialty 'Legal Medicine' for 2015-2018 is provided. The new Dissertation Council on the specialty 'Judicial Medicine' is presented.


The projection display industry is diverse, embracing a variety of technologies and applications. In recent years, there has been a high level of interest in projection displays, particularly those using LCD panels or light valves because of the difficulty in making large screen, direct view displays. Many developers feel that projection displays will be the wave of the future for large screen HDTV (high-definition television), penetrating the huge existing market for direct view CRT-based televisions. Projection displays can have the images projected onto a screen either from the rear or the front; the main characteristic is their ability to be viewed by more than one person. In addition to large screen home television receivers, there are numerous other uses for projection displays including conference room presentations, video conferences, closed circuit programming, computer-aided design, and military command/control. For any given application, the user can usually choose from several alternative technologies. These include CRT front or rear projectors, LCD front or rear projectors, LCD overhead projector plate monitors, various liquid or solid-state light valve projectors, or laser-addressed systems. The overall worldwide market for projection information displays of all types and for all applications, including home television, will top $DOL4.6 billion in 1995 and $DOL6.45 billion in 2001.


It has been established that digital twins are based on identified dependencies and mathematically formalized regularities, and use boundary conditions, curvilinear and nonlinear functions of parameter relationships in the calculation algorithm design. The
main goal of developing digital twins is to fully reproduce a particular process through numerical values that can be easily verified (confirmed or disproved) by independent researchers based on their professional knowledge. In this case, researchers act as software testers in the IT field, that is, professionals involved in testing a component or system.


Machine learning allows automatic construction of generative models for music. However, they are learned from only the succession of notes itself without explicitly employing domain knowledge of musical concepts such as rhythm, contour, and fragmentation & consolidation. We approximate such musical domain knowledge as a function, and feed it into our model. Then, two decoupled spaces are learned: the extraction space that captures the target concept, and the residual space that captures the remainder. For monophonic symbolic music, our model exhibits high decoupling/modeling performance. Control-lability in generation is improved: (i) our interpolation enables concept-aware flexible control over blending two musical fragments, and (ii) our variation generation enables users to make concept-aware adjustable variations.


The researct that entitled as "Seller and Buyer"s Behaviours at Manis
Traditional Market in Perwokerto (Pragmatic Research)" is written with the purpose
to describing behaviour forms between the seller and the buyer at Manis Traditional
Market in Purwokerto. The research kind used here is qualitative descriptive research.
This research data shows about the seller and the buyer"s behaviours. This data"s
sources are collected from the seller and the buyer"s at Manis Tradisional Market in
Purwokerto. In this minithesis, researcher did her research for three weeks. On data
preparation phase, is used observe attentively method with bugging technique,
recording technique, and stating technique. On data analyses phase, is used matching
method with a basic method, that is Determining Element Sorting (PUP) and an
advanced method, that is Comparing Correlation (HBS). On the data result
presentation method. Besed on the resarch data result analyses, then it has obtained
the data results, there are: The behaviour forms that the seller and buyer used atManis
Traditional Market in Purwokerto has three forms, there are locution, illocution, and
perlocution. On the locution behaviour they use, there are statement locution, query
locution, and order locution. On the illocution they use there are representative
illocution, directive illocution, expressive illocution, commissive illocution, and
declarative illocution. On the prelocution behaviour that used there are bring to learn
that, persyade, and get to do.


ABSTRACT Loss and grief are fundamental aspects of human experience, yet adapting to the profound changes brought about by loss often proves challenging to individuals and communities alike. This essay introduces readers to the concept of grief as a process of 'relearning the world,' and offers a framework for the practice of pastoral care with those who have experienced loss. I begin by exploring some of the central features of loss and grief, and then address the importance of considering contextual factors when caring for those who are grieving. Finally, I suggest that specific practices of care related to meaning-making, lament, and ritual can help grieving persons and communities to relearn their worlds in the wake of significant loss.


An analysis is made about not having enough teaching hours in experiments,too much demonstrative experiment content,lack of positivities in students in digital logic curriculum experimental teaching from the following three aspects:the content of experimental teaching,the assignment of experimental teachers and the way to manage teaching.New reform methods are put forward:to reform teaching ideas,adjust experimental teaching staff and reform ways to test and manage teaching.


This paper looks at potential vulnerabilities of the Smart Grid energy infrastructure to data injection cyber-attacks and the means of addressing these vulnerabilities through intelligent data analysis. Efforts are being made by multiple groups to provide to defence-in-depth to Smart Grid systems by developing attack detection algorithms utilising artificial neural networks that evaluate data communication between system components. The first priority of such algorithms is the detection of anomalous commands or data states; however, anomalous data states may also result from physical situations legitimately encountered by equipment. This work aims at not only detecting and alerting on anomalies, but at intelligent learning of the system behaviour to distinguish between malicious interference and anomalous system states occurring due to maintenance activity or natural phenomena, such as for instance a nearby lightning strike causing a short-circuit fault.


Objective To study t he efficacy of the simple phacoemulsification extraction of cataract and intraocular lens(IOL) implantation and isolation of anterior chamber angle in therapy of primary angle closure glaucoma.Methods Retrospective study on 34 cases(39 eyes) of angle closure glaucoma,who were in hospital between July,2008 to October 2009.All of them had cataract.Them were examined with ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM) and gonioscope,and gave the operation of the simple phacoemulsification extraction of cataract and intraocular lens(IOL) implantation and isolation of anterior chamber angle after their intraocular pressure(IOP) got normal.And then we had a follow-up about ten to sixteen months,twelve months in average.Results All of them had a obvious increase in their vision.The IOP decreased to normal for 35 eyes,and can be normal after using timolol for 4 eyes.Conclusion The simple phacoemulsification extraction of cataract and IOL implantation and isolation of anterior chamber angle is efficacy in therapy of primary angle closure glaucoma.


In this article, we research the class of spaces defined by a neighborhood assignment for a topological space. By a method of conformation, we show that, if a space X is the union of finitely many strong quasi-paracompact spaces, then X is an aD-space, and every λ-semistratifiable space is a D-space. We obtain the sufficient conditions of a topological space to be an aD-space or a D-space, and generalize several results obtained by Arhangel'skiǐ in [4] and [6].


To elucidate the pathophysiology of infections with Streptococcus pyogenes we applied ̄ow cytometric techniques to study dose-response and time-related effects of the streptococcal cell-wall-derived components lipoteichoic acid (LTA 0.005 to 50 mg/ml) and peptidoglycan (10 and 100 mg/ml) on the expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules, the CD14 receptor, and the production of leukocyte reactive oxygen species (ROS). LTA (50 mg/ml, 1 ± 2 h) markedly increased the expression of CD11b (y5-fold), CD11c (y2-fold) and CD11a. Concomitantly, CD62L was downregulated (60%). Peptidoglycan alone or in combination with LTA had little effect on adhesion molecules, except for an ampli®cation of the downregulation of CD62L to 90%. Monocyte CD14 expression was doubled by LTA. Leukocyte ROS production was 10-fold and 5fold increased by peptidoglycan in granulocytes and monocytes, respectively. LTA alone had no effect, while the combination of peptidoglycan with LTA doubled the increase in ROS caused by peptidoglycan. Conclusion: LTA and peptidoglycan had marked and differential effects: LTA caused mainly adhesion molecule modulation, whereas peptidoglycan mainly increased ROS production. These changes are important in in ̄ammatory cell activation and recruitment, intracellular microbial killing and adverse tissue injury.


The use of a cuffed tracheal tube is described to occlude the leak through a tracheo‐oesophageal fistula (TOF) in a neonate and prevent gastric dilatation during positive‐pressure lung ventilation.


Blood-spleen barrier is an important part of the structure and function of spleen.In recent years,blood-spleen barrier gradually arouse people's attention and was often reported.This review focuses on the research progress of the structure and function of blood-spleen battier.

Key words:
Blood-spleen barrier; spleen


Using different sources of information for grammar induction results in grammars that vary in coverage and precision. Fusing such grammars with a strategy that exploits their strengths while minimizing their weaknesses is expected to produce grammars with superior performance. We focus on the fusion of grammars produced using a knowledge-based approach using lexicalized ontologies and a data-driven approach using semantic similarity clustering. We propose various algorithms for finding the map- ping between the (non-terminal) rules generated by each gram- mar induction algorithm, followed by rule fusion. Three fusion approaches are investigated: early, mid and late fusion. Results show that late fusion provides the best relative F-measure per- formance improvement by 20%.


Abstract : This work introduces estimation of disturbance covariance matrices for radar STAP. In particular, we first exploit physically inspired constraints, both the structure of the disturbance covariance and importantly the knowledge of the clutter rank to yield a new rank constrained maximum likelihood (RCML) estimator of clutter/disturbance covariance. We demonstrate that the rank-constrained estimation problem can in fact be cast in the framework of a tractable convex optimization problem, and derive closed form expressions for the estimated covariance matrix. On top of that, this work also introduces a new computationally efficient covariance estimator which jointly enforces a Toeplitz structure and a rank constraint. Our proposed solution focuses on a computationally efficient approximation and involves a cascade of two closed form solutions, the RCML estimator and the rank preserving Toeplitz approximation. Finally, we develop robust estimators that can adapt to imperfect knowledge of physical constraints using an expected likelihood (EL) approach. We analyze covariance estimation algorithms under three cases of imperfect constraints: only rank constraint, both rank and noise power constraints, and condition number constraint.


Autism is characterized by deficits in pretend play, perspective taking, initiating and responding to others, and other profound social impairments. As the incidence of children being identified with autism increases, so does the need for effective interventions that target social skills development. Over the last decade, social skills interventions have become more sophisticated, incorporating video technology and naturalistic teaching procedures. Many of these studies have been shown to generalize across settings, participants, and to individuals not directly involved in these studies. Although the small sample sizes make generalization of findings to the population at large somewhat problematic, continued replication of these studies and the development of increasingly sophisticated social skills interventions may lead to broader interpretation and application. This article reviews critical research conducted over the past 15 years on social skills interventions. To aid in the implementation of these interventions, suggestions for application and a list of references follow the review. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 44: 717–726, 2007.


INTRODUCTION
In Italy the 4% of the population refers to be affected with diabetes. In the modern health care systems, the measure of the quality perceived by the patients about the received treatments represents a necessary reference parameter for the services management.

AIMS
This study was carried out to measure the quality perceived by diabetic patients of each component of their care pathway: structural, organizational and relational.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A cross sectional study was performed. 210 diabetic patients were recruited and given them structured questionnaire with 60 items to fill.

RESULTS
The average satisfaction index noticed on the structural, organizational and relational components of diabetic patients care path way, was positive respectively in 87%, 51% and the 86% of the interviewees. The study notices a significant valutation difference in relation to the own health perception.

CONCLUSIONS
The high satisfaction levels registered, above all regarding the relation with health care providers, represent the base of an effective action of health education aiming at the mortality and morbidity reduction of these patients and at the contemporary their life quality improvement.


The hazard and operability, or HAZOP, study is a prime method for the identification of hazards on process plants. This is the fourth in a series of papers which describe progress in the emulation of hazard identification in the style of HAZOP. The work reported is embodied in a computer aid for hazard identification, or HAZOP emulator, HAZID. The HAZID code is one of a suite of codes developed as part of the STOPHAZ project. The present paper describes the learning set of case study plants and the main case study system, used to improve the HAZID models by providing feedback on weak areas of the unit and fluid models. It also discusses the issues of correctness, completeness and conciseness in connection with output quality from HAZOP emulation. A test set of case studies were used to validate performance—the results of the evaluation of HAZID using these case studies are also discussed. Companion papers describe: an overview of HAZID, with an account of HAZOP and HAZOP emulation, and of the issues underlying it, the structure of HAZID and the associated tools in the STOPHAZ package; the unit model system; the fluid model system and the evaluation of consequences;some development topics. Conclusions from the work are given at the close of the final paper.


The article begins with an ostensibly reasonable definition of predation from Richard Posner: a price is predatory which excludes from the market "an equally or more efficient competitor."2 They contrast this view with the legal literature on predatory pricing, culminating in the Areeda-Turner doctrine that infers predation from the relationship between prices and economic costs.3 Sievers and Albery (S&A) then show through an example that these two views of predation one based on efficient outcomes and one based on prices and costs are fundamentally inconsistent, at least in the world of multiproduct firms.4 In a two-product world, a dominant firm and a more efficient (lower incremental costs and lower average total costs) smaller firm specialize in different products. Starting from prices at which both firms are profitable, the dominant firm is able to drive its rival from both markets by selectively lowering prices without pricing below incremental cost.


We consider the Olsson sum rule, i.e., the forward dispersion relation for pion‐pion scattering with exchange of isospin unity at threshold. We show that, if using the S0, S2 and P wave expressions of Colangelo, Gasser and Leutwyler, then either the sum rule is not satisfied or, if adjusting the residue of the rho exchange Regge amplitude to have the sum rule satisfied (as recently proposed by Caprini, Colangelo and Leutwyler) then the subsequent high energy amplitude is in disagreement with experimental pi‐pi cross sections.


Effect of Siho (Bupleurum falcatum L.) extracts on liver function were investigated in CCl4 intoxicated rats. Plasma α-fetoprotein and total protein concentration showed a tendency to decrease in Siho extracts groups. However plasma albumin concentration showed no significantly different in all treatment groups. Activities of plasma asparate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in Siho extracts groups showed a lower values than control group. Alkan phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase activities showed a tendency to decrease in Siho extracts groups. However γ-glutamyl transferase activity showed no significantly different in all treatment groups. Concentration of plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol showed no significantly different in all treatment groups.


ABSTRAC.-AS a structural component of crustacean exoskeletons, chitin is the most important carbohydrate in the diets of many marine carnivores. To investigate the physiological and biochemical adaptations that may enable seabirds to break down this "prey defense," we estimated chitin digestibilities for Sooty Albatrosses (Phoebetria fusca), White-chinned Petrels (Procellaria aequinoctialis), Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome), Gentoo Penguins (Pygoscelis papua), King Penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) and Leach's Storm-Petrels (Oceanodroma leucorhoa) fed Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba). These species retain a substantial proportion (46.5 ? SD of 13.1%, 39.1 ? 4.9%, 52.8 ? 37.6%, 45.3 ? 5.6%, 84.8 ? 11.7% and 35 ? 12.2%, respectively) of ingested chitin. We also obtained preliminary estimates of chitinolytic activity in the gastric mucosae of the above six species by incubating extracts of tissue samples with a chitin substrate and measuring the production of the end product of chitin hydrolysis, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (NAG). Chitinolytic activity (up to 5,000 ,ug NAG h-l g-1 expressed per gram tissue) was measured from proventricular tissue and within the activity range (1,350 to 61,650 ytg NAG h-l g-1) reported for eight other avian species. In order to assess the energetic and nutritional benefits of chitinolytic activity in seabirds, we studied gastrointestinal absorption of the end products of chitinolysis in Leach's StormPetrels. The overall absorption efficiency of NAG and its deacetylated precursor, glucosamine (Gln), in this species was 44.0 ? 3.0% and 11.0 ? 1.9%, respectively. These absorption efficiencies were significantly less than for glucose, which was absorbed with an efficiency of 90.6 ? 2.5%. No absorption of NAG and Gln occurred in the proventriculus. Overall, we showed that seabirds have a capacity to assimilate a considerable portion of the carbon and nitrogen present as chitin in the exoskeleton of their prey, but we have not demonstrated that assimilation actually occurs. The potential costs and benefits of chitin hydrolysis, as well as the absorption of the breakdown products, need to be assessed. Received 24 May 1991, accepted 18 December 1991.


PURPOSE This study tested whether a composite mortality score could overcome gaps and potential biases in individual real-world mortality data sources. Complete and accurate mortality data are necessary to calculate important outcomes in oncology, including overall survival. However, in the United States, there is not a single complete and broadly applicable mortality data source. It is further likely that available data sources are biased in their coverage of sex, race, age, and socioeconomic status (SES). METHODS Six individual real-world data sources were combined to develop a high-quality composite mortality score. The composite score was benchmarked against the gold standard for mortality data, the National Death Index. Subgroup analyses were then conducted to evaluate the completeness and accuracy by sex, race, age, and SES. RESULTS The composite mortality score achieved a sensitivity of 94.9% and specificity of 92.8% compared with the National Death Index, with concordance within 1 day of 98.6%. Although some individual data sources show significant coverage gaps related to sex, race, age, and SES, the composite score maintains high sensitivity (84.6%-96.1%) and specificity (77.9%-99.2%) across subgroups. CONCLUSION A composite score leveraging multiple scalable sources for mortality in the real-world setting maintained strong sensitivity, specificity, and concordance, including across sex, race, age, and SES subgroups.


In this note, we construct a lateral boundary condition of the surface heat potential for the heat equation. It is also shown that the obtained initial boundary value problem for the heat equation has a unique solution in Sobolev spaces.


Question Answering Systems play a significant role to retrieve exact answers for user's specific questions. In answer retrieval process, they employ query expansion methods which play a major role to expand scope of original questions in correct sense. In this paper, we have carried out an extensive survey of few popular web-based open domain Question Answering Systems and critically evaluated their performances on a set of 300 questions from 30 different domains collected from standard resources including TREC to conclude our results. On the basis of findings, we have suggested an efficient query expansion framework that uses multiple ontologies retrieved from semantic web search engine such as Swoogle and combines them with WordNet to disambiguate the context. The proposed approach successfully constructs a conceptual query for user's questions to retrieve relevant answers. We have experimented on a set of 300 questions to judge the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


In the last 20 years the ground-based telescopes have opened a new observation window at very high energies (VHE) between 100 GeV and 10 TeV, with the application of imaging air Cherenkov techniq ...


Consider the case where 0 ≤ u < v < w are such that Hk(u) = Hk(w) = 0, Hk is positive between u and w, and H ′ k(v) = 0. Let us show how to lower bound v − u. Denote Fk(t) = e−t 2/2Hk(t). Clearly, Fk(u) = Fk(w) = 0 and Fk is positive between u and w with a unique local maximum on [u,w], which we denote by v′. It is not hard to check that v′ ≤ v. Thus, it is enough to lower bound v′ − u. It is known (see, e.g., (Szego, 1939)) that Fk satisfies the ODE Z ′′ + (2k + 1− t)Z = 0. By comparing with Z ′′ + (2k + 1)Z = 0, we can get that lower bound v − u ≥ v′ − u ≥ π 2 √ 2k+1 = Ω(1/ √ k).


Recently, Lara et al. (2020a, b) described a new fossil taxon, Duraznovis gallegoi, based on two specimens from the Upper Triassic Potrerillos Formation at Quebrada del Durazno, Cuyana Basin of Argentina. This fossil is considered to be an enigmatic arthropod closely resembling the living and fossil representatives of xiphosurans (Chelicerata) and notostracans (Branchiopoda), two completely different arthropod groups with convergent body plans. Some distinctive combination of features, however, makes the systematic position of these specimens indeterminate (Lara et al., 2020a, b).


Calculations have been made to increase the HV performance of some components and to explain electrical failures of electrostatic accelerators. These involve simulations of static stresses and transient overvoltages, especially on insulating boards and electrodes occurring before or during breakdown. Changes made in the structure of the machines over the last years and new ideas to improve the static and dynamic behaviour are presented. The application of this study and HV tests recently led to a nominal potential near 20 MV without sparking.


A long period fiber grating(LPG) biosensor for detecting bio-layer thickness is introduced in this paper.The principle of the biosensor is by coating a idiosyncratic bioactive layer(with refractive index n_3 ) on the fiber cladding(with refractive index n_2),and in the condition of n_3≥ n_2,the variety of bio-layer thickness brings about variety of resonant wavelengths of LPG.So the variety of bio-layer thickness can be detected by measuring resonant wavelengths of LPG.Main function of the biosensor is to detect antigen in blood while antibody as bioactive layer.Reaction between antigen and antibody occurs and it shows that there is antigen in blood when resonant wavelengths shift is detected.Silicify layer is used as fundus layer since its refractive index is much the same as that of antigen and antibody.The thickness of fundus layer is about 120 nm.Resonant wavelengths is demodulated by using a turnable F-P interferometer of simple and small frame and with practicability.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a solid element device for manufacturing solid element device having a highly reliable sealing structure and realizing a low temperature glass sealing process. SOLUTION: A P 2 O 5 -ZnO based low temperature melting glass is placed in parallel to a glass containing Al 2 O 3 substrate 3 having a GaN based LED element 2 mounted thereon, then hot pressed in nitrogen atmosphere under a pressure of 60 kgf at a temperature of 415°C or higher. The low temperature melting glass is adhered on the glass containing Al 2 O 3 substrate 3 via an oxide formed thereon, while the viscosity of the low temperature melting glass is 10 9 poise at the condition. COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT


The concept of Co-Creation has been interpreted in this volume from a variety of perspectives: approaches from the Global North and Global South, from the perspective of scholars working with artists and NGOs on co-creative projects, as well as from the angle of non-profit organisations, instigating projects that bring together artists and communities to co-create knowledge and new understandings in marginalised neighbourhoods. This present chapter draws on work by the author on the interface between two conceptual frames: the notion of Co-Creation (Carpenter and Horvath, 2018) and its intersection with the 'Art for Social Change' movement (Marcuse and Marcuse, 2011), exploring the role that creative arts collaborations can have in knowledge creation to effectuate social change.


Objective
To provide a kind of infusion soft bag with double-pouch that avoids the compatibility reaction between medicinal fluids and improves the safety of transfusion.

Methors
By consulting the literature, clinical research, developed a safe infusion bag. Researching the volume and the method of tube flushing in vitro simulation experiments, observation of the experimental process, data collection, input, analysis, processing, in order to determine the capacity of the fluid structure to compare the operation time of the two methods of flushing tube.

Results
In vitro simulation showed that the volume of fluid needed for irrigation infusion tube was 30-50 ml. The time spent on each infusion tube when using the developed safety infusion bag and existing infusion bag was (2.81±0.18) s and (13.63±0.36) s respectively, the difference was statistically significant (t=-146.15, P<0.05).

Conclusion
The size of the main bag of the safe transfusion soft bag can be set according to the clinical need. The recommended storage capacity of the bag for flushing is 50 ml for the strong solution and 30 ml for the ordinary solution. Safety infusion soft bag is high safety, easy to use, reducing nurse′s workload and the risk of infection, it is worth the clinical promotion.

Key words:
Safety; Infusion soft bag; Flushing tube


Chemistry is a very complex and difficult field to understand in the natural sciences. We all know the popular expression: everything around us is chemistry. Any object we see or touch is chemistry, the food we eat is chemistry, the air we breathe is chemistry, the emotions we experience are chemistry, our body is chemistry. But little do we know or understand how this actually manifests in reality. The current research presents an original solution for chemistry learning, based on Augmented Reality and Gamification principles. The main purpose of this approach is to help students visualize the microscopic molecule structures and describe them in an interactive manner. After a short overview of Augmented Reality initiatives in education the focus switches to the chemistry related initiatives. Finally, the details of the proposal are being discussed.


Digitization and the mobile devices, services, and opportunities that go with it are omnipresent in the life of adolescents. However, information security and data protection are seldom taught in school. The paper presents a research and application project that aims to sensitize Year-Nine pupils and raise their awareness and sense of caution in how they handle sensitive information and their own personal data as well as that of others. The development and implementation of this pilot action is based on research into computer science curricula and insights into the effectiveness of game-based learning as an educational method. The project develops and evaluates a learning station format with game-based scenarios addressing important information security issues that are relevant for the pupils and part of their daily life. The very positive evaluation of the pilot action and the individual learning stations by the participating pupils militates in favour of a game-based approach as a means to sensitize young adults and foster a competent and responsible way of handling sensitive information and personal data.


The Brazilian electricity energy matrix is essentially formed by hydraulic sources which currently account for 70% of the installed capacity. One of the most important characteristics of a generation system with hydro predominance is the strong dependence on the inflow regimes. Nowadays, the Brazilian power sector uses the PAR(p) model to generate scenarios for hydrological inflows. This approach does not consider any exogenous information that may affect hydrological regimes. The main objective of this paper is to infer on the influence of climatic events in water inflows as a way to improve the model's performance. The proposed model is called "causal PAR(p)" and considers exogenous variables, such as El Nino and Sunspots, to generate scenarios for some Brazilian reservoirs. The result shows that the error measures decrease approximately 3%. This improvement indicates that the inclusion of climate variables to model and simulate the inflows time series is a valid exercise and should be taken into consideration.


In this paper, we present a general framework for 2D parallel mesh generation. A prepartitioner for domain decomposition is integrated into the framework, which strives to make the resulting subdomains well-shaped and thus guarantees the high quality of resulting meshes. Moreover, the time-consuming prepartitioning stage is parallelized in two ways with various grained levels, and the finer grained one turns out preferable. The subdomain connections are stored as a subdomain graph (SDG), which helps prevent mapping disconnected subdomains into a single processor whenever static or dynamic load balancing strategies are adopted. Well partitioned meshes could be generated simultaneously with parallel mesh generation, and hence the cost of mesh repartitioning could be eliminated or reduced. The SDG construction is simplified and independent of domain decomposition by introducing the concept of the characteristic polygon set (CPS). Shared nodes between neighboring subdomains are duplicated, that ensures subdomain meshing be completed with little or without communications, and full code-reuse of serial meshing algorithms be achieved in this framework


Abstract : Chemical engineering problems of blending, mixing, furnace loading, etc., frequently have the form maximize c(t)x subject to b(-) < or = A x < or = b(+) where the matrix A, vectors b(-), b(+), c are given. We denote by interval programming, abbreviated IP, the theory, computations and applications of problems of this form. The purpose of this paper is to present a finite iterative method for solving IP called SUBOPT (abbreviation of suboptimization method) and to demonstrate its effectiveness on a cupola charging problem, a representative of interval programming problems in chemical engineering. (Author)