Significance Land-use change affects the provision of ecosystem services and wildlife habitat. We project land-use change from 2001 to 2051 for the contiguous United States under two scenarios reflecting continuation of 1990s trends and high crop demand more reflective of the recent past. These scenarios result in large differences in land-use trajectories that generate increases in carbon storage, timber production, food production from increased yields (even with declines in cropland area), and >10% decreases in habitat for one-quarter of modeled species. We analyzed three policy alternatives that provide incentives to maintain and expand forest cover, conserve natural habitats, and limit urban sprawl. Policy interventions need to be aggressive to significantly alter underlying land-use trends and shift the trajectory of ecosystem service provision. Providing food, timber, energy, housing, and other goods and services, while maintaining ecosystem functions and biodiversity that underpin their sustainable supply, is one of the great challenges of our time. Understanding the drivers of land-use change and how policies can alter land-use change will be critical to meeting this challenge. Here we project land-use change in the contiguous United States to 2051 under two plausible baseline trajectories of economic conditions to illustrate how differences in underlying market forces can have large impacts on land-use with cascading effects on ecosystem services and wildlife habitat. We project a large increase in croplands (28.2 million ha) under a scenario with high crop demand mirroring conditions starting in 2007, compared with a loss of cropland (11.2 million ha) mirroring conditions in the 1990s. Projected land-use changes result in increases in carbon storage, timber production, food production from increased yields, and >10% decreases in habitat for 25% of modeled species. We also analyze policy alternatives designed to encourage forest cover and natural landscapes and reduce urban expansion. Although these policy scenarios modify baseline land-use patterns, they do not reverse powerful underlying trends. Policy interventions need to be aggressive to significantly alter underlying land-use change trends and shift the trajectory of ecosystem service provision.


Abstract Objectives The true incidence of anaplastic ganglioglioma during pregnancy is extremely rare, very few cases have been reported in the literature. Case presentation This is a report of a case of anaplastic ganglioglioma diagnosed in pregnancy. The patient is a 23-year-old primigravida who presented at 19 weeks of gestation headache and a convulsive episode. Her workup revealed a rare cerebral tumor that progressed to a neurological decline and died during the postpartum period. Conclusions Anaplastic ganglioglioma is an aggressive counterpart of Glial tumors; in pregnancy they are rare and symptoms are nonspecific. The outcome for the mother in this case fatal and a protocol for these cases has not yet been reported.


A paired stream approach was used to assess ecosystem health in two rural Nova Scotia streams with varying land use practices. The study sought to determine the feasibility of qualifying stream health using a few select parameters over a short sampling season. Continuous dissolved oxygen, water temperature and chlorophyll a data were collected. Nutrients, turbidity, pH and macroinvertebrate populations were also characterized. Diurnal dissolved oxygen data were analyzed to determine photosynthesis and respiration ratios. Macroinvertebrate data provided information on productivity, and on a number of other relevant metrics. Findings determined that agricultural land use generally led to high nutrient concentrations, large dissolved oxygen variability, turbid waters and impacted macroinvertebrate populations in. Forested land use demonstrated typically unimpacted conditions. Nutrients, dissolved oxygen data and macroinvertebrate metrics were deemed effective for providing a generalized assessment of stream health over a short time period. The study also determined that the Thomas Brook Watershed, an agricultural watershed which has been the subject of intensive remediation efforts since 2004, continues to be impacted and that remediation efforts and BMP implementation should continue.


Efficiency of uptake of known pollutant heavy metals Hg, Cd, U and Zn by Mimosa pudica, a non-consumable wild plant species, was evaluated. Various concentrations of heavy metals ranging from 1-10, 1-20, 5-20 and 50-200 mM were used and maximum uptake by the roots at 10, 20, 10 and 100 μM recorded for Hg, Cd, U, and Zn, respectively. The translocation of metals from root to stem (48%) and leaves (8%) was highest for Zn, as compared to others. U showed only 35% translocation to stem, where as Cd and Hg translocation to both stem and leaves, was negligible. The results indicated differential uptake for different metals by Mimosa pudica. The roots showed maximum uptake capacity for heavy metals, implying the possible utility of Mimosa pudica for rhizofiltration.


Stimulated emission from AlxGa1–xSb solid solutions, excited by an electron beam and cooled with liquid nitrogen, was observed for the first time. This emission was observed throughout the direct-gap range of compositions and the emission wavelength was within the range 1.1–1.6 μ. The dependence of the forbidden-band width Eg on the solid-solution composition x was determined and the point of transition from the direct- to the indirect-gap structure was found (xc≈0.25, Egc≈1.145 eV). A discrepancy between the experimental results and a graphical determination of the dependence Eg(x) was due to the influence of donor levels (Ed≈20 meV) below the indirect L minimum. The parameters of a sealed electron-beam-pumped laser made of such a material were determined.


In this paper, we introduce cloud model theory to the particle swarm optimization algorithm to improve the global search ability and make a faster convergence speed of the algorithm. Some modifications are presented. First, we adopt cloud model to initialize the positions and velocities for entire population in the initialization range. Second, inertia weight is dynamically, nonlinearly decreased as the search progresses by using the data set, which can be obtained by cloud model. Third, two random variants in the velocity rule are assigned with cloud model. Four, inertia weight and the two random variants are correlated by cloud model. The modified particle swarm optimization is tested on some benchmark functions and the results are compared with the result of the standard particle swarm optimization. Experimental results indicate that the modified particle swarm optimization outperforms the standard particle swarm optimization in the global search ability with a quicker convergent speed.


The effect of 1-MCP on quality and nutrient component of carrot during storage was studied.The results showed that: The treatment with 1-MCP at 500nl/L slowed the respiration of carrot,inhibited the increase of hollowness index,free amino acids content,total phenol content on carrot.1-MCP treatment maintained the content of soluble sugar,ascorbic acid,soluble protein,carotenoid in carrot during storage.These results indicated that 1-MCP treatment effectively kept the quality of carrot and delayed senescence of carrot.


In Reply. —One of the tools of injury control 1 is the frequency-effectiveness diagram. 2 When we place the various possible interventions for preventing choking deaths in small children proposed by Dr Rimell and colleagues, 3 Mr Flynn, Dr Kerr, and us 4 on a frequency-effectiveness diagram (Figure), we quickly see the probable effectiveness of each proposed treatment. Although Kerr's proposal is not necessarily aimed at the hazards involved in choking deaths, it could prevent ingestions, at least among those affluent enough to purchase such a system and diligent enough to use it, and strikes us as useful. Flynn's suggestion of educational campaigns is likely to be of limited value in the solution of the problem of childhood choking deaths. Educational campaigns are not all the same. Those that measurably eliminate some purchases of a hazardous product, such as purchases of balloons by parents of children younger than 3 years,


Background—c-Jun, a nuclear transcription factor, is preferentially expressed in cancer. The study drug Dz13, a deoxyribozyme targeting c-jun mRNA inhibits the growth of a range of tumors, including basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in murine models. Aims—The primary objectives of this first-in-class, first-in-human trial (DISCOVER) Phase I trial (ACTRN12610000162011) were to determine the safety and tolerability of Dz13 in patients with BCC. A secondary objective was to assess Dz13 pharmacokinetics, changes in protein expression and cell markers in the tissue following single intratumoral injection. Address for Correspondence: Levon M. Khachigian PhD DSc, Centre for Vascular Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Tel. +61 2 9385 2537, Fax. +61 2 9385 1797, email@example.com, Gary M. Halliday PhD DSc, Dermatology, Blackburn Bld D06, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Tel. +61 2 9515 6762, Fax. +61 2 9036 5130, firstname.lastname@example.com. *Equal contributions †Present address: Department of Dermatology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland Author contributions. EAC, FJM, CC, HC, RAS, AAY, BY, MJR, JZD, SWM and PTH performed the work and analyzed the data. FJM, HTA, DLD, DJF, CNC, RStCB, GMH and LMK designed the clinical trial, reviewed outcomes and provided critical intellectual input. GMH and LMK directed all aspects of this work. Competing interests. NewSouth Innovations Pty Ltd (LMK), the commercialization arm of UNSW has IP interests in Dz13. NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Lancet. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 March 13. Published in final edited form as: Lancet. 2013 May 25; 381(9880): 1835–1843. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)62166-7. N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript Methods—Nine patients with nodular BCC were recruited from Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia between 2010 and 2011 and enrolled in three escalating dose groups of three patients. Each patient received a single intratumoral injected dose of Dz13 (10, 30 or 100μg) and was monitored over four weeks. The highest dose used in the trial (100μg), is at the upper limit of solubility of the formulation for a 50μl injection and was the highest concentration used in the preclinical mouse tumor studies 1. At each follow up visit, complete physical examination, blood and urine tests, electrocardiogram and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analyses were performed. BCCs were surgically removed 14 days post-Dz13 injection and compared with the pre-injection biopsy. Findings—All nine patients completed the study with no drug-related serious adverse events. No systemic Dz13 exposure was detected. c-Jun expression was reduced in the BCC of all nine of nine participants treated with Dz13. The DNAzyme increased Caspase-3, -8, -9, and p53, reduced Bcl-2 and MMP-9, and stimulated inflammatory and immune cell infiltration in the tumors. Moreover, five of the nine patients had a reduction in histological tumor depth. Interpretation—Dz13 is safe, well tolerated, inhibits its target, and shows no detectable systemic exposure following single intratumoral injection.


This report deals with the relationship between liver L-Alanine: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferaes ( EC 2. 6. 1. 2) activity and RES function. In fasted rats, decrease in .d4-3-ketost eroid hydrog en ase ( EC 1. 3. 1. 3 and 1. 3. 1. 4) and phagocy tic activity and increase in alanine aminot ransf eras e activity w er e noted. On the other hand, increas e in Ll4-3-ketos t eroid h ydrogenase and phagocytic activity and decrease in alanine aminotransferase activity were observed in RES stimulated ones. Possible mechanism for these changes in alanine aminotransferase activity was discussed in relation to the role of reti  culoendothelial system in steroid hormone metabolism.


Tectorigenin has received attention due to its antiproliferation, anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. In this study, we investigated the effects of tectorigenin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D‐galactosamine(D‐GalN)‐induced fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) in mice and LPS‐stimulated macrophages (RAW 264.7 cells). Pretreatment with tectorigenin significantly reduced the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), histological injury, apoptosis, and the mortality of FHF mice, by suppressing the production of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF‐α and IL‐6. Tectorigenin also suppressed the activation of the inflammatory response in LPS‐stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Tectorigenin‐induced protection is mediated through its mitigation of TLR4 expression, inhibition of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) pathway activation, and promotion of autophagy in FHF mice and LPS‐stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Therefore, tectorigenin has therapeutic potential for FHF in mice via the regulation of TLR4/MAPK and TLR4/NF‐κB pathways and autophagy.


Precision Guided Firearms (PGFs) employ target tracking, a Heads-Up Display, and advanced fire control technology to amplify shooting precision at long range by eliminating the most common sources of shooter error, including aim, trigger jerk, and shot setup miscalculation. Regardless of skill level or experience, PGFs significantly increase first shot success probability when compared to traditional technology, even at extreme ranges of 1,200 yards or more. More than just a scope, PGFs are fully integrated systems based on standard caliber bolt action or semi-automatic rifles with a Networked Tracking Scope, Guided Trigger and precision conventional ammunition. Onboard wireless technology allows PGFs to connect with local and wide area networks to deliver voice, video and data to mobile devices and various communication networks. These technologies allow shooters to be more accurate, engage multiple targets at unknown ranges quickly, track and engage moving targets, and communicate via command and control networks.


Two mechanisms, namely, the Ni(0)–Ni(II) and Ni(I)–Ni(III) mechanisms, for nickel-bis(oxazolinyl)pyridine complex catalyzed Negishi cross-coupling reaction were investigated with density functional...


Channel capacity is the key index of measuring the property of communication system,which giving the theoretical limit of transmission message.It is the same important for digital watermarking system which is viewed as a communication system.But the computation of the channel capacity of digital watermarking is very difficult.By statistical prior model of image wavelet coefficient and iteration methods of channel capacity in the information theory,this paper derives a kind of computation method of multiply watermarking channel capacity in the wavelet domain.


Genetic mechanisms of increase, persistence, decrease and decline of major acaricide resistance in citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (J)i.[cG.), were studied. Dicofol resistance in P. citri was mainly due to a single, incompletely recessive major gene. The result of the experiments on fitness indicated that the reproduction rate of the resistant strain was lower than that of the susceptible one, in particular under a high temperature condition (30°C) or under a special feeding condition such as seriously damaged leaves of host trees. This was caused by a lower rate of egg production in the resistant mites. The dicofol susceptibility in a mite population originally composed of a 1 : 1 mixture of resistant and susceptible strains from the same origin was examined in 17 generations at 25°C. After 13 generations, susceptibility of the mixed population increased remarkably. The result indicates that the resistant mites (RR) have lower fitness values than the susceptible mites (SS, RS) under either favorable (25°C) or unfavorable conditions for reproduction of the spider mites in an acaricide-free environment. Amitraz resistance was due to a single, incompletely dominant major gene. The values of fitness of benzomate and amitraz resistant mites were almost equal to those of susceptible mites in an ac ari ci de-free environment. Discipline: Insect pest Additional keywords: amitraz, benzomate, dicofol, fitness, reversion


This is the final evaluation report and focuses on the key findings of the evaluation of F.A.C.T.'s efforts through the end of state FY2005. This report also presents recommendations for the project and for DSCYF's system of care effort based on these findings. Detailed results and a complete description of methods used during the course of the evaluation are available in the Final Technical Evaluation Report (available from the University of Delaware Evaluation Team).


Abstract Objectives To examine the utility of decline in arterial partial pressure of oxygen after exercise as a marker of pulmonary vascular obstructive disease in patients with atrial septal defect and pulmonary hypertension. Methods Treadmill exercise was performed in 18 patients with atrial septal defect and pulmonary hypertension. Arterial blood gas samples were obtained before and after peak exercise. A decline in the arterial pressure of oxygen of more than 10 millimetres of mercury after exercise was considered significant based on preliminary tests conducted on the controls. Cardiac catheterisation was performed in all patients and haemodynamic data sets were obtained on room air, oxygen, and a mixture of oxygen and nitric oxide (30–40 parts per million). Results There were 10 patients who had more than a 10 millimetres of mercury drop in arterial partial pressure of oxygen after exercise and who had a basal pulmonary vascular resistance index of more than 7 Wood units per square metre. Out of eight patients who had less than a 10 millimetres of mercury drop in arterial partial pressure of oxygen after exercise, seven had a basal pulmonary vascular resistance index of less than 7 Wood units per square metre, p equals 0.0001. A decline in arterial partial pressure of oxygen of more than 10 millimetres of mercury predicted a basal pulmonary vascular resistance index of more than 7 Wood units per square metre with a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 90%. Conclusions A decline in arterial partial pressure of oxygen following exercise appears to predict a high pulmonary vascular resistance index in patients with atrial septal defect and pulmonary hypertension. This test is a useful non-invasive marker of pulmonary vascular obstructive disease in this subset.


in English, 250 words or less): In the business world it is being detected that the use of new technologies is essential for optimizing business processes and increase efficiency. That's the reason why most of the companies need to have a proper software that covers all business needs. This software can be an enterprise solution for third, a tailored solution or a development of the company with own resources. Whether if it is one way or another, it is essential that the software life cycle that we are going to create would be optimum in its development, efficient in its implementation, coherent with what is needed, changeable and of course, having a quality delivery. Nowadays, many companies that try to create applications have certain shortcomings due to they don't use any type of methodology when developing, having certain drawbacks that would be corrected with a working methodology. In this final work we will study how to implement a development methodology to solve common faults of application development that often make the companies; Therefore we are going to study the implementation of Scrum. In order to have a successful implementation, we need to use a tool to manage the life cycle of software development and for this we will use a software called JIRA Agile, as support for this methodology. Palabras clave (entre 4 y 8): Scrum, JIRA, metodología de desarrollo, desarrollo para el usuario, Agile, entregables agiles, calidad de software


Abstract Given a Fell bundle
$\mathscr C\overset {q}{\to }\Xi $
 over the discrete groupoid
$\Xi $
 , we study the symmetry of the associated Hahn algebra
$\ell ^{\infty ,1}(\Xi \!\mid \!\mathscr C)$
 in terms of the isotropy subgroups of
$\Xi $
 . We prove that
$\Xi $
 is symmetric (respectively hypersymmetric) if and only if all of the isotropy subgroups are symmetric (respectively hypersymmetric). We also characterise hypersymmetry using Fell bundles with constant fibres, showing that for discrete groupoids, 'hypersymmetry' equals 'rigid symmetry'.


ABSTRACT Providing input for the selection of objects in virtual, augmented, and mixed-mode reality can be done with hand-held controllers or hand gestures depending on the complexity and precision required. Free hand gestures have the advantages of eliminating the need for a controller, not needing to see the controls on the controller, and potentially being less fatiguing. However, the designs of hand gestures for object selection have not been thoroughly evaluated for usability and performance. Eighteen participants evaluated four different ray-casting hand gestures (index thrust, index click, palm thrust, and palm click) and three snapback thresholds while selecting 2D targets of different sizes. Dependent variables were mean time to select targets, number of selections not completed, number of incorrect targets selected, and subjective preference. The index thrust and index click gestures were preferred by subjects and had faster mean selection times and lower number of incorrect target selections. There were no significant differences between snapback thresholds on productivity, error, or preference. Overall, the index thrust and index click gestures were associated with greater user confidence, particularly with smaller targets.


Application of acaricides to beef cattle at 10-day intervals between late March and early July 1980 resulted in an 86.7 and 84.3% reduction, respectively, in populations of parasitic and free-living larvae of Amblyomma americanum (L.) during August and September 1980. Numbers of nymphs in August and September 1980 were reduced 72.7% (parasitic) and 95.6% (free living) as a result of the treatment regimen, whereas the numbers of parsitic and free living adults in spring 1981 were reduced 46.2 and 80.7%, respectively.


Richard Beardsworth has written an impressively scholarly book, devoted to defending contemporary cosmopolitans from Critchley's charge that they are banal internationalists; my aim in this critical engagement is not to challenge his scholarship, but to question some of the assumptions upon which it is based. First, a brief description of the book; wishing himself to promote a normative and principled, but feasible and practical cosmopolitanism as a viable take on contemporary international relations he sets up a series of dialogues between modern cosmopolitan thinkers and three schools of International Relations (IR) theory – realism, Marxism and postmodernism. After first setting out the 'spectrum' of cosmopolitanism (cultural, moral, normative, institutional, legal and political) he then offers chapters on the realist, Marxist and postmodern critiques of cosmopolitanism, in each case paired with a cosmopolitan response to these several critiques. Each chapter consists of detailed and accurate readings and critiques of key authors – read as a series of literature reviews this book will be enormously valuable to students at all levels, although one might have hoped that the author's own voice would have come through a little more clearly; Beardsworth clearly does have a thesis and a voice, but he is so concerned to allow others to be heard that one sometimes forgets that this is so. Still, within its limits, this is a valuable book which makes an important contribution to contemporary international political theory.


Concerns about personal security have been prominent in Papua New Guinea for many years. Personal security figures regularly in travel advisories issued by foreign governments. International news coverage of Papua New Guinea is often about violence or crime, reinforcing the country's reputation as a dangerous and lawless place. A visitor to Port Moresby, the sprawling national capital, sees evidence of this in the elaborate security arrangements that shape the urban landscape. Drivers of insecurity in this young nation are complex and multidimensional, stemming from the legacies of a recent colonial past, along with the ongoing challenges of state consolidation and the uneven effects of economic globalisation.


Background As the number of studies in the literature is increasing, orthopaedic surgeons rely heavily on meta-analyses as their primary source of scientific evidence. The objectives of this review were to assess the scientific quality and number of published meta-analyses on orthopaedic-related topics over time. Methods We conducted, in duplicate and independently, a systematic review of published meta-analyses in orthopaedics in the years 2005 and 2008 and compared them with a previous systematic review of meta-analyses from 1969-1999. A search of electronic databases (Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR)) was performed to identify meta-analyses published in 2005 and 2008. We searched bibliographies and contacted content experts to identify additional relevant studies. Two investigators used the Oxman and Guyatt Index to assess the quality of the studies and abstracted relevant data. Results We included 45 and 44 meta-analyses from 2005 and 2008, respectively. While the number of meta-analyses increased five-fold from 1999 to 2008, the mean quality score did not change significantly over time (p=0.067). A significantly lower proportion of meta-analyses had methodological flaws (56% in 2005 and 68% in 2008) compared to meta-analyses published prior to 2000 (88%) (p=0.006). In 2005 and 2008, respectively 18% and 30% of meta-analyses had major to extensive flaws in their methodology. Studies from 2008 with positive conclusions did not use and report appropriate criteria for the validity assessment as often as those reporting negative results. The use of random-effects and fixed-effects models as pooling methods became more popular toward 2008. Conclusion Although methodological quality of orthopaedic meta-analyses has increased in the past 20 years, a substantial proportion displays major to extensive methodological flaws. As the number of published meta-analyses is increasing, a routine checklist for scientific quality should be used in the peer-review process to ensure methodological standards for publication.


A 57-day-old full-term female infant with no past medical history presented in an emergency department with a 2-day history of fever, decreased oral intake, increased fussiness, diarrhea, and concern for blood in her stool. History was notable for one episode of nonbloody, nonbilious emesis and decreased urine output. Labs were remarkable for dehydration (blood urea nitrogen [BUN]/ Cr ratio = 68, Na = 151, urine ketones present), thrombocytopenia (platelets 63 × 10/μL), and anemia (hemoglobin = 7.1 g/dL) with a normal white blood cell count. A chest radiograph was unremarkable. A full septic workup was initiated including a lumbar puncture, which revealed 150 white blood cells (WBC)/μL, 18 red blood cells (RBC)/μL, and 89% segmented cells. Because of concern for meningitis, the patient was started on empiric ceftriaxone and vancomycin. She was fluid resuscitated and admitted for further management.


The mealybug Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti, 1867) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) has been reported attacking coffee crops causing fruit fall in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The full understanding of this pest is necessary to implement control measures. Its development was studied at temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 ° C. The insects were confined inside a Petri dish containing a foliar disc of 4 cm diameter of Coffea arabica L. cultivar ' Acaiá cerrado'. The temperature affected the P. longispinus development and survival. Few insects survived at temperatures of 15 and 30 ° C, and 100% mortality was obtained at 35 ° C. The duration of the nymphal stage was reduced when the temperature was increased from 20 to 25 o C, with a survival rate of 80% at both temperatures. The thermal parameters varied according to the development stage of the mealybug and the base temperature was fixed at 8.0 C for the nymphal stage of females, a thermal constant of 422.1 day degrees and number of generations increased with rising temperature. The optimal temperature for the insect development was 25 ° C.


This paper proposes an effective approach to extract linear object in high-resolution remote sensing image. The approach integrates the knowledge about the linear object to implement the watershed algorithm and guide the region merging and finally extract the linear object. First, the Kalman filter algorithm is used to detect the straight line in the image, the center point of parallel line pairs and the minimum with dynamics larger than predefined threshold are utilized as marker point to modify the morphological gradient of the input image by geodesic reconstruction, the modified gradient image is then segmented by the watershed transform. The initial segmentation result is input to region merging process. This process applies the region adjacency graph (RAG) representation of the segmented regions and knowledge about the road to execute the region merging, which significantly reduce the merging time. The proposed scheme was tested on remote sensing images of 2 m resolution, and the results show that the extraction of road is quite promising.


In the framework of this study, the phenomenon of transfer is probed pragma-linguistically and socio-linguistically concerning marriage situations among Iraqi EFL learners. The study also strives to look at the refusal strategies most commonly employed by Iraqi female English as a foreign Language (EFL) learners compared to their counterparts, American native speakers of English. The study involved 70 female participants who answered a Discourse Completion Task (DCT), which contained ten marriage proposals to be refused. Each situation entailed refusal of a person from a higher, an equal, and lower status. The researchers adapted Beebe, Takahashi, and Uliss Weltz's (1990) taxonomy of refusal for analyzing the data comprehensively. The study's findings indicated that Iraqi female EFL learners followed similar patterns of refusing marriage situations to American speakers. The most prevalent strategies used by the two groups were "reasons/ excuses and explanations," followed by "statements of regrets," and then "non-performative statements" with slight variation in frequency. However, the Iraqi learners' native language and culture affected how they formulated their refusal; hence they manifested pragma-linguistic and socio-pragmatic transfer in particular areas. The areas of pragma-linguistic transfer included the literal translation of words, expressions, and structures into their refusal in English. As for the socio-pragmatic areas, the transfer occurred in certain Arabic culture features like elaboration, exaggeration, repetition, endearing terms, and many others in expressing the target language, English.


the research intends to determine the difference of sport massage and circulo massage based on the direction of distal and proximal massage of people with physical disability in influencing their performance productivity which consists of motivation, knowledge, skill and attitude. The discussion will be done by comparing the two combinations. The subjects used in this research were people with monoplegia disabilities who participated in the State Integrated Disability Rehabilitation Centre (BRTPD) program in Yogyakarta. The samples were taken from the existing population by the Purposive Random Sampling method. The data collection was obtained by questionnaire. The form of questionnaire work productivity consists of four criteria: 1) motivation, 2) knowledge, 3) skill, 4) attitude. The data analysis technique used the multivariate analysis with Repeated Measured test. The research results can provide recommendations on the most effective massage methods and training programs that can be applied to people with physical disabilities and also, the results obtain criteria for identification of measurement procedures and improvement of work productivity in physical disability which consists of motivation, knowledge, skill and attitude. Both combinations of the training are expected to find out the effect of improving the productivity of work productivity on people with physical


Due to the recent implementation of the local autonomous ruling system, Korea is faced with growing demand for regional public services, such as transportation, water supply, communication, garbage disposal, etc. In the process of providing these services, local governments often puzzle with two conflicting paradigms. Namely, they are the scale of economy and equity. This paper stresses the conflicts between the scale of economy and equity must be resolved by the manner of intergovernmental cooperation. For this purpose, the paper scrutinizes the Kimpo garbage disposal case and the Metro Toronto case. Due to our limited experience of the local autonomous ruling, much can be learned from the Canadian experience on intergovernmental cooperation for the regional service provision.


This paper presents a comparison of the photovoltaic (PV) - photoelectric phenomenon to the following phenomena: diode effect, resistance conceived to respect Ohm's law, and electrical capacity. In order to carry out this analysis, we compared the processes of the electrical behaviour of an amorphous silicon solar cell (a-Si) with those of the conventional electronic components such as: diodes, resistors, and the chemical or ceramic capacitors. This comparison, based on the analysis of the electrical characteristic (Current-Voltage) (I-V) of the PV cell and the electrical or electronic component, is carried out according to field trials. Similarities and differences between the electrical behaviour of the PV cell and that of electrical components were identified. The objective is to better understand the electrical characteristics of a PV cell and subsequently improve, afterwards, the performance modules and solar panels.


Automotive die OEMs throughout Europe are using laser heat treatment (LHT) to deliver parts fast, with superior quality, at lower cost. This article presents a basic technical introduction to LHT and the results of a case study of LHT cost savings in automotive trim/form dies.


OR is your conservation district out of touch, out of date, and fossilized?

Now some observers suggest that many conservation districts cannot change! I've heard the phrase, "you can't teach an old dog new tricks." Or the old Popeye saying, "I am what I am!" My reply to both was a saying from my grandmother, "Can't never did anything!" More importantly, what can your district do?

For the landowner

While most of us realize the necessity of landowners developing a conservation plan that details how he or she will protect water quality, wildlife habitat, wetlands, etc., we also need to be in touch with what they expect, need, and want from a conservation district. A good conservation district employee understands farmer and rancher's motivations for practicing conservation. They have a sense of what services others expect, and know about current governmental and non-governmental programs?

The best conservation districts not only lead in defining the appropriate conservation and environmental goals, but then assist with the development of the institutions essential for progress toward those goals. This is in addition to ...


This work considers the problem of finding analytical expressions for the expected values of dis- tributed computing performance metrics when the underlying communication network has a complex structure. Through active probing tests a real distributed computing environment is analysed. From the resulting network, ensembles of synthetic graphs with additional structure are used in Monte Carlo simulations to both validate analytical expressions and explore the performance metrics under different conditions. Computing paradigms with different hierarchical structures in computing ser- vices are gauged, fully decentralised (i.e., peer-to-peer) environments providing the best performance. Moreover, it is found that by implementing more intelligent computing services configurations (e.g., betweenness centrality based mappings) and task allocations strategies, significant improvements in the parallel efficiency can be achieved. We qualitatively reproduce results from previous works and provide closed-form solutions for the expected performance metrics linking topological, application structure and allocation parameters when job dependencies and a complex network structure are considered.


The paper presents a series of 10 cases of Spiegel hernia, operated on between 1992-2001 which represented 0.42% of the total number of hernias surgically solved during this period of time. Gender ratio men/women was 3/7, of ages between 28 and 76 years old. The location of hernia has been in two cases on the right side and in eight cases on the left side. 4 cases have been associated with obesity of third degree and 2 cases with multiparity, 3 cases have been without complications and 7 complicated by strangling. The clinical diagnosis was simple.The hernias were surgically solved through the classic technique Bachy (7 cases) and through the tension – free procedure Flament (3 cases). Postoperatory evolution without any complications. The rate of mortality has been null.


A signal acquisition and processing system is designed according to a set of test platform used by driving system of excavator training simulator.The design schemes of hardware and software of the system are described.The CPLD is used to control A/D and SRAM,and achieve high-speed data acquisition.The DSP is used for controlling the whole driving system and data access and processing.The functional tests and analysis have been carried out,including analysis on data acquisition,SPI communication test.The results show that the design of hardware and software of the system can meet the requirements.


Abstract This contribution is about women's paid and unpaid work in the context of rapid socioeconomic change in Greece between 1983 and 2008. Drawing on feminist analyses of women's employment and the care sector, it highlights the link between women's paid employment and the supply of affordable immigrant (female) labor in Greece in the sphere of care provision. It examines three issues: the acceleration of women's involvement in the paid labor force after 1990; the parallel influx of immigrants, a quarter of whom are women involved in service provision for households, into Greece; and finally, the "big picture" of the demand for care (both paid and unpaid, childcare as well as eldercare) in the context of an aging population and women's rising participation in paid work. The analysis highlights the key contribution of migrant women acting as catalysts for social change.


A method for manufacturing an image sensor is provided to prevent gate poly channeling by using an oxide layer and a nitride layer which are formed on a gate pattern, as a mask in a deep implant process. A gate pattern(110) is formed on a portion of a semiconductor substrate(100), and an oxide layer and a nitride layer are formed on the substrate to cover the gate pattern. A photoresist pattern(140) is formed on a portion of the substrate comprising the gate pattern to cover an oxide layer(120) and a nitride layer(130). The nitride layer and the oxide layer which remain on a portion of the substrate are etched to remove the nitride layer and adjust a thickness of the oxide layer. An N-type dopant(150) is implanted on the substrate, and the photoresist pattern is removed.


Background: In hot rolling, roll consumption represents a significant part of the processing cost. Thermal fatigue is the most important wear factor, but even in rolls mainly subjected to abrasive wear, the temperature rise of the roll surface determines the wear. Methods: A heat transfer model was derived, and a simple formula for heat conductance is presented. Rolling trials were carried out. The temperature was measured inside the rolls and the coefficient of heat conductance was calculated and compared to the theoretical values. Results: From the experiments, the theoretical formula for coefficient of heat conduction was verified. However the theoretical model slightly underestimates the heat transfer. The breaking of the oxide layer due to the reduction creates virgin areas in the and with contact with the rolls, and scattering surface temperature. The non-balanced heating and cooling increases the base temperature of the rolls that makes the evaluation of the measurements theoretically correct during the first heating cycle only. Conclusions: By the combination of a theoretical analysis and experimental work, the coefficient of heat conduction can be simply estimated by the derived equation, using a constant G of the order of 1900 when conventionally cast iron rolls are used.


University. It will be used for testing spacecraft components with dimensions up to 24 " x12 " x12 " as well as CubeSats. Additionally, it may be used as an instructional or demonstrational tool in the Aerospace Department's space environments course. The apparatus functions by way of mechanical impact of an approximately 20 lb stainless steel swinging hammer. Tests were performed to verify the simulator's functionality. Suggestions for improvement and further progress are also given.


We traced the meridional connection between each of five parenchymal organs and Its corresponding hormoimmunological organs.In consequence of this research, we alloted hormoimmunological organs to Rokubu-joi pulse diagnosis region (cf. Table) . Of course, this theoretical application must be proved by a precise ultrasonic pulsimeter. In this work we found that there is a new meridian line between light Shaku and mingm@ea70/@n (GV4) and moreover a new point, upper mingm@ea70/@n (of KISHI, FUJITA and MARUYAMA), which may be a reacting point to the adrenal gland.


The authors construct a bridge between a microscale view and a nanoscale one in continuum mechanics. When the size of structure reduces to nanolevel, the ratio of surface to volume increases. Then, the surface stresses, which like to surface tension in fluid, influence on bulk stresses. In the present paper, the authors analyze a problem that anisotropic nanothin layers are deposited on a half substrate. Interface stresses and interface elasticity are taken into account for the boundary condition for each layer. Furthermore, misfit dislocation networks which generate from a mismatch of lattice parameters in crystals composing multilayers exist at each interface. A complicated interaction between misfit dislocation networks located at different interfaces will be demonstrated, and the results in the theory will be compared with those in a molecular dynamic method using a generalized embedded atomic potential.


This thesis concerns fluid-dynamic machines and in particular reciprocating pumps. The basic elements of the reciprocating pumps are analyzed, such as their function, their categories, their construction and their characteristic parameters, while in the end there are solved exercises on the reciprocating pumps.


This manuscript describes a workflow to process a raw bathymetric LiDAR dataset to generate a digital terrain model of a tidal inlet system in the Danish Wadden Sea. The workflow allows extracting both the surface of the water and the seabed from the point cloud. As it stands, this paper reads more like a technical report. My understanding is that the method used to extract the water surface is novel, but I found difficult to grasp the novelty while reading the paper. Despite having valid scientific approach and applied methods, the work is not much grounded in the literature. Many key papers are not mentioned and the published works in water surface detection are not discussed, which prevents effectively identifying how this paper fills a gap in the knowledge. I also believe that the paper lacks context: it is unclear why the dataset was collected. This can have important implications for its processing. For instance, the workflow could not C1


Gas has been one of the main causes of coal mine safety accidents. At present, the most commonly used treatment method is still gas drainage in advance. The permeability of coal seams is the most important factor affecting gas drainage. According to the coal density, P-wave velocity and fracture distribution, the coal samples are grouped to eliminate the influence of the differences of the coal samples on the experimental results. The results show that due to the decrease of samples integrity and the increase of gas osmotic pressure, the peak strength of the sample will reduce, and eventually the stable permeability will increase. Besides, the starting point of permeability will also appear earlier (relative to the peak intensity point of the samples). It is worth noting that the starting point of the sample permeability is highly consistent with the expansion point of sample volume. As the loading and unloading rate increases, the peak strength of the samples will first decrease and then increase. Similarly, the final stable permeability of the samples also shows a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. ARTICLE HISTORY Received 7 April 2021 Accepted 24 September 2021


A method of time domain based on the phenomenological relaxation theor y isdescribed.It can be used to analyze time domain parameters of dielectric sample, simp lify the process of solving spectrum, and give the ultralow frequency domain spe ctrums of complex dielectric constant.The methed,when used to study one dielectr i c paper sample,serves to find out samples time domain parameters and dielectri c spectrums in the frequency range of 10 -6 Hz to 10 2 Hz.


Morphogenesis and structure of vegetative and generative organs of 15 species of halophytes from Chenopodiaceae Vent. and Fabaceae Lindl. grown under natural desert habitats (Kyzylkum and Mirzachul) and cultivated on non-saline (Botanical Garden, Tashkent) soils were investigated. Influences of salts of different concentration and chemical composition on seed germination of 3 species of halophytes were determined. Mineral ions content in aboveground biomass (leaf, stem and root) of Suaeda altissima from saline (Mirzachul) and non-saline (Botanical Garden) soil were similar, with the exception of an insignificant difference in ion ratios. The adaptive features of flower organs for investigated halophytes on saline and non saline habitats are discussed.


A simple and green one pot protocol for the synthesis of pyranopyrazole using ultrasonication waves in aqueous medium has been developed. An advantages of this method are it provides operational simplicity and environment friendly green approach.


The RTA (Roads and Traffic Authority), like other government agencies, is in a transitional phase between yesterday's focus on providing basic infrastructure to meet society's needs, and today's focus on both managing existing resources and providing more environmentally responsive planning for the future. The RTA's responsibility for the State's major roads and traffic system places it in an important position to ensure that the environmental issues associated with roads and traffic are effectively addressed. The Environmental Vision is therefore a landmark in defining the RTA's approach to addressing these issues. The Vision is the first major strategic, all- encompassing environmental document which the RTA has produced. It provides a means for integrating international, federal, state and local environmental initiatives into RTA actions. Furthermore, it fills an important gap in the 'Environmental Management Framework', defined and explained in this paper, which is essential to ensure that all environmental efforts of an agency, such as the RTA, are in harmony with international, federal, state and local efforts. This paper outlines the process used to develop the Vision, the strategies and action plans within the Vision, and provides examples of how the Vision has been and is being implemented, with special attention to the Gore Hill Freeway. Both the Vision and the Gore Hill Freeway have received public acclaim which was formalised when the RTA was presented with the 1992 Vision of Australia Award. The RTA's Environmental Vision is an example of how a major transport agency is actively working towards addressing environmental issues, and in so doing, is striving to develop ways of meeting tomorrow's needs. (A) For the covering entry of this conference, see IRRD abstract no. 843369.


Sir: Catatonia has been a poorly understood syndrome since psychodynamic theory struggled to explain its symptoms in the first half of the past century. The persistence of the nosologic confusion surrounding catatonia, malignant catatonia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is well illustrated


We consider a mobile edge computing (MEC) network supporting low-latency, critical offloading workloads. The task offloading from the user to the server is operated under a truncated Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) process, i.e., we consider finite retransmission attempts. Both the HARQ type-I and type-II schemes are studied. For each scheme, we first characterize the total error probability and the total energy cost, while the impact of finite blocklength (FBL) on the stochastic retransmission behavior is considered. Following the characterizations, we are interested in optimal frameworks for each considered HARQ type, where the number of potential retransmission attempts is optimized together with the duration of each transmission, while the CPU frequency at the edge node is adjusted via voltage scaling. The objective is to minimize the total energy cost with error probability threshold. We show that the resulting stochastic optimization problems can be solved by means of convex optimization. We furthermore demonstrate that sharp minima exist among the energy consumption, underlying the importance of near-optimal parameter choice in the studied scenarios. Our results underline the importance of trading off communication and computational characteristics in delay-critical MEC setups with FBL codes.


In a database structure for storing data in a computer system, at least one data element of a first type is provided, which includes a second type of data element representing a database entry, and a second type of data element. A third type of data element associated with the data element of the element is associated. Here, the second type of data element is arranged in the first tree structure, and the third type of data element is arranged in the second tree structure.


The rotational spectra of the four monosubstituted isotopomers of protonated cyanogen HN13CCN+, HNC13CN+, H15NCCN+, and HNCC15N+, in the ground vibrational state have been investigated in the spectral region from 130–270 GHz, using a negative glow discharge production method. From the moments of inertia of the five monosubstituted species, including the DNCCN+ isotopomer [G. Cazzoli et al., Chem. Phys. Lett. 194, 297 (1992)] and of the parent species HNCCN+ [T. Amano and F. Scappini, J. Chem. Phys. 95, 2280 (1991)], the complete rs structure has been obtained. The alchemy of the ion production has been further improved compared to the previous works.


This work objectified to study the sazonality of attack of the cochonilha-green Coccus viridis in lavouras of coffee in production. The intensity of attack of the C. viridis species, predation in leaves of the branches of plants was monitored in whole talhao. To monitor the parasitismo of the C. viridis four leaves attacked in which the parasitismo rate was evaluated was weekly collected. They were obtained given temperature, total of pluvial precipitation, relative humidity of the air, evaporation, heatstroke. It was calculated the average and standard mistake of the data of intensity of the species, predacao rate and densities of the predadores. With data of climatic elements, curves of seasonal variation were made of these. Them intensity of adults' of C. viridis attack to the plants of coffee went smaller of to second fortnight of July to the second fortnight of August. Already the largest intensities of adults of C. viridis attack to the plants of coffee


This article characterizes the system of education on the West edge of Russian Impire. The author shows its dignities and deficiencies, reasons of its reforms are revealed. Then the author defines the main direction of the state politics in the education on the West edge and pays attention to the attitude of the public towards the questions of the education.


This paper presents improved variants of the SLAs for which results were reported at the 2014 Scientific Committee meeting in Bled. Candidates are presented ranging from complete satisfaction of the conservation performance criterion for the MSYR1+ evaluation trials, to alternatives that sacrifice performance on this count for improved need satisfaction. Need is better satisfied over the first 20 years than over 100 years for these SLAs in these trials.


In public management, it is common to face conflicting objectives, particularly in relation to land use. Adequate land use management requires a valuation of land that incorporates the value of all its characteristics. That is, in addition to the traditional direct use value, it must incorporate the non-use value (existence and legacy), as well as the indirect use and option values. The analytic hierarchy process is used, firstly, to identify the priority values based on a panel of experts, and secondly, in assessment of use/non-use values, using market valuation techniques as support. As a result, we analyse the trade-offs among all values, and the respondent's consistency. At first, we observed that the soil with the highest protection had the lowest market value in terms of direct use. However, considering the weights of the panel of experts, we can conclude that the market value only represents 7.6% of the total value. Non-market values represent 92.4% of the total value. The underlying aim is to facilitate decision-making in the field of land management to increase social welfare and the resilience of landscapes.


We consider a simple model of a linear systolic array with serial input/output and one-way data communication. We show that such an array can be used to solve some scheduling and graph problems efficiently. The systolic algorithms are developed in two stages. First an algorithm on a restricted type of sequential machine is constructed. Then the sequential machine algorithm is transformed into a systolic algorithm. The transformation can be done automatically and efficiently.


Expandable collections are collections whose size may vary as elements are added and removed. Hash maps and ordered collections are popular expandable collections. Expandable collection classes offer an easy-to-use API, however this apparent simplicity is accompanied by a significant amount of wasted resources. We describe some improvements of the collection library to reduce the amount of waste associated with collection expansions. We have designed a new collection library for the Pharo programming language that exhibits better resource management than the standard library. Across a basket of 5 applications, our optimized collection library significantly reduces the memory footprint of the collections: (i) the amount of intermediary internal array storage by 73%, (ii) the number of allocated bytes by 67% and (iii) the number of unused bytes by 72%. This reduction of memory is accompanied with a speedup of about 3% for most of our benchmarks. We analyzed the collection implementations of Java, C#, Scala, and Ruby: these implementations largely behave as in Pharo's, therefore suffering from the very same limitations. Our result are likely to benefit designers of future programming languages and collection libraries.


Tillage management and fertilizer application are important components of wheat plant growth and productivity. Yet limited data are available on the consequences of simultaneous tillage and integrated fertilization on wheat production and soil chemical characteristics in the heavy soil of Sothern parts of Iraq. Hence, split-split plots were used to conduct a field experiments at two locations. The primary plots were divided into three tillage techniques that are no tillage (NT), tine cultivator (TC) and moldboard plow (MP). Five selected combinations of organic and inorganic nutrient sources were arranged in sub plots including the traditional chemical fertilizer application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (CF), farm yard manure (FYM), poultry manure (PM), 50% CF+FYM and 50% CF+PM application, in addition to control treatment, and three wheat cultivars (Al-Rasheed, IPA-99 and Abu Ghraib-3) were allocated to sub-sub plots. The results showed positive superiority of MP and TC in the growth parameters, yield components, wheat yield and some soil properties at both experimental locations. Likewise, the MP and TC had the lowest bulk density, while MP had the lowest electrical conductivity and the highest soil pH. The results also revealed that organic and inorganic amendments affected plant growth, yield components, grain yield significantly. The 50% CF+PM and 50% CF+FYM gave significantly higher thousand grain weight, spikes number at the 2nd location, wheat yield, and tillers per square meter at the 2nd location. Furthermore, soil bulk density, pH and electrical conductivity were significantly affected by all organic and inorganic treatments. The results also indicated that the highest spikes number, grain yield, chlorophyll content SPAD were recorded by IPA-99 cultivar at both locations. Moreover, under experiment conditions, the flag leaf chlorophyll content was significantly related to grain yield.


Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) remains the most lethal malignancy due to lack of an effective treatment. P21-activated kinases (PAKs) play key roles in PDA growth, and the PAK inhibitor PF-3758309 synergistically reduced PDA growth with gemcitabine. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of PF-3758309 with multiple chemotherapeutic reagents on a panel of patient-derived PDA cell lines. Cells were treated with PF-3758309 plus or minus gemcitabine, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or abraxane, and cell proliferation was determined. Protein expression profiles were measured by Western blot. PDA cells were subcutaneously injected into the flanks of SCID mice which were then treated with PF-3758309, gemcitabine, PF-3758309 plus gemcitabine, or gemcitabine plus abraxane. Tumour growth was measured by volume and weight. PF-3758309 enhanced the inhibitory effects of 5-FU, gemcitabine and abraxane on a panel of patient-derived PDA cells, inhibited HIF-1 protein expression and reduced the protein levels of palladin and -SMA in these cells. The combination of PF-3758309 with gemcitabine maximally inhibited PDA growth in vivo, which was comparable to the combination of gemcitabine with abraxane. PF-3758309 enhanced the suppressive effects of multiple chemotherapeutic reagents on the growth of a panel of patient-derived PDA cell lines. The combination of PF-3758309 with gemcitabine provides a potential treatment option with less toxicity than gemcitabine plus abraxane.


In this essay suggested pathogenesis of secondary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (HOA) is reviewed. HOA, characterized by; periostitis, periosteal proliferation of tubular bones and arthritis can develop due to many different underlying diseases. The syndrome is most commonly seen with intra-thoracic malignancy or chronic pulmonary infections. HOA has previously mainly been described in humans and various domesticated species. More recently, through wildlife disease monitoring, cases have also been found among wild animals. This essay also aims to summarize the spectra of wild species in which the syndrome has been reported. Finding a coherent pathogenesis has proven to be difficult. Many theories overlap and are not yet fully investigated. Factors of importance include hypoxia, VEGF, PDGF and prostaglandins, but HOA is often suggested to be idiopathic. It is now obvious that secondary HOA affects a wide range of species. Even though the manifestation of the syndrome differs slightly between humans and animals it is similar in many aspects. Considering the similarities it can be presumed that the same pathogenesis applies for humans, domestic animals and wild animals.


Thickener is the most important device that separates water from concentrate. Outlet water from thickener overflow must comply with the standards of transparency and the level of toxins. One way to reduce the hardness of water is ion replacement. In this paper we use the zeolite powder (coagulant) in combination with materials such as bentonite powder (coagulant aid), Fe C l 3 and poly aluminum chloride. If the settling time of particles in the deposition experiments was about an hour, this compound w as recorded as appropriate case for water purification. Results showed that polyaluminum chloride had the highest efficiency in removing turbidity and low color of the water. On the other hand, pH for coagulant was less effective in reducing alkalinity. Du e to cation exchange and high absorbing aqueous solution cations, such as ammonium and heavy metals, natural zeolite can be considered as an important material with low cost for water purification in a thickener. An interesting point is that the natural ze olite was not good adsorbent for organic and anionic ions. Bentonite as an adsorbent and heavier due to the high density and berry color properties and adsorption played an important role in clarifying water.


Six laboratories and a reference laboratory partici- pated in the an interlaboratory experiment that was conducted to de- termine the reproducibility of breakdown electric field, EBR, and breakdown charge density, qbd, measurements using the JEDEC standard voltage and current ramp dielectric test procedures. The results indicate that the measurement of EBR is much more reproduc- ible than qbc Much of the variability in the qbd measurements was found to be due to an allowed range of values that could be chosen for a parameter in the current ramp procedure. When this source of variability is accounted for, the results indicate that the standard test procedures can be implemented to obtain critical dielectric integrity parameters with good reproducibility for a large variety of test equip- ment.


A method to extract simultaneously level densities and γ-ray transmission coefficients has for the first time been tested on light nuclei utilizing the 28 Si(3 He,αγ) 27 Si and 28 Si(3 He, 3 He'γ) 28 Si reactions. The extracted level densities for 27 Si and 28 Si are consistent with the level densities obtained by counting known levels in the respective nuclei. The extracted γ-ray strength in 28 Si agrees well with the known γ-decay properties of this nucleus. Typical nuclear temperatures are found to be T ∼ 2.4 MeV at around 7 MeV excitation energy. The entropy gap between nuclei with mass number A and A±1 is measured to be δS ∼ 1.0 k B , which indicates an energy spacing between single-particle orbitals comparable with typical nuclear temperatures.


Examining the theories and arguments put forward by Plato in his Phaedo, in which he attempts to show that the soul is immortal, Bostock's introduction to Plato's often difficult arguments discusses such important philosophical problems as the nature of the mind, the idea of personal identity, the question of how we understand language, and the concept of cause, reason, and explanation.


In modern cryptography, information-theoretic security is formalized by means of some probability (e.g., success probability of adversary's guessing) or some information-theoretic measure (e.g., Shannon entropy), and the study on cryptographic protocols with information-theoretic security is one of effective applications of the probability theory, statistics, and information theory. In this paper, we study the blind authentication code (EA-code), a kind of information-theoretically secure authentication protocols, in which verifier's secret keys are not required. For realizing it, we utilize a unidirectional low-bandwidth auxiliary channel which is called a manual channel. Specifically, in this paper we propose a model, a security definition, and a construction of EA-codes in the manual channel modeL Furthermore. we consider EA-codes in other models, i.e., the noisy channel model and the bounded storage model, in \Vhich no verifier's secret key is required.


According to Moore's Law, there is a correlation between technological advancement and social and ethical impacts [13]. Many advances, such as quantum computing [22], 3D-printing [11], flexible transparent screens [1], and breakthroughs in machine learning and artificial intelligence [17] have social impacts. One area that introduces a new dimension of ethical concerns is virtual reality (VR). VR continues to develop novel applications beyond simple entertainment, due to the increasing availability of VR technologies and the intense immersive experience. While the potential advantages of virtual reality are limitless, there has been much debate about the ethical complexities that this new technology presents [9], [19]. Potential ethical implications of VR include physiological and cognitive impacts and behavioral and social dynamics. Identifying and managing procedures to address emerging ethical issues will happen not only through regulations and laws (e.g., government and institutional approval), but also through ethics-in-practice (respect, care, morals, and education).


A series of state policies and measures dealing with the poor college students' difficulties contribute to relieve those students of financial pressures to a certain degree,while meet with some problems in its implementation.Aiming at the lack of credibility of college students,the paper analyzes the situation and its cause,and presents the corresponding countermeasures as well.


In Syrian hamsters, socially relevant information is communicated with a form of scent marking known as flank marking. There is substantial evidence that arginine‐vasopressin acting on V1a vasopressin receptors (V1aR) in the medial preoptic‐anterior hypothalamic continuum (MPOA‐AH) regulates the expression of flank marking. Previous studies have shown that the expression of flank marking is also influenced by the circulating concentrations of gonadal hormones. In hamsters housed in long 'summer‐like' photoperiods (i.e. >12.5 h of light/day), castration reduces flank marking and administration of testosterone restores precastration levels of flank marking. When exposed to short 'winter‐like' photoperiods (i.e. <12.5 h of light/day), hamsters undergo gonadal regression and the circulating levels of testosterone decline. Surprisingly, flank marking induced during social encounters is not reduced in hamsters exposed to short photoperiods despite the low circulating concentrations of testosterone. In the present study, it was hypothesized that reductions in testosterone, caused by exposure to short photoperiod, would not reduce the ability of vasopressin to stimulate flank marking by its actions in the MPOA‐AH. The amount of flank marking induced by vasopressin injected into the MPOA‐AH did not significantly differ between hamsters housed in long and short photoperiods; however, short photoperiod‐exposed males had significantly less V1aR binding in the MPOA than long photoperiod‐exposed males. These results support the hypothesis that the sensitivity of the MPOA‐AH to vasopressin is not reduced in short photoperiod‐exposed males, despite decreases in serum testosterone. However, by contrast to our predictions, short photoperiod‐exposed males have significantly reduced V1aR binding in the MPOA‐AH compared to long photoperiod‐exposed males.


A new approach to estimate the power system frequency and signal components using wavelet transform is proposed in this paper. The wavelet function is expressed by the power series terms and is able to be performed by the z- transform, which can shorten the estimating time of the signal frequency compared with the general convolution integral. The fundamental frequency (60 Hz) or the harmonics frequency (300 Hz) of the signal is quickly estimated. The on-line frequency estimation by the proposed method is successfully achieved in the experiment using the DSP system. The application using induction motor system and the rectifier system.


We report on a rather extensive simulation effort directed at evaluating the merits of two scheduling strategies, FCFS and SSTF, for moving-arm disks under stationary request arrival process. For First-Come-First-Served (FCFS) scheduling, analytic results for the mean waiting time are also given (in a closed form). If the objective of a schedule is to minimize the mean waiting time (or queue size) and its variance, the results seem to confirm the overall superiority of Shortest-Seek-Time-First (SSTF), particularly for medium and heavy traffic. This holds also when the input is highly correlated or addresses the cylinders nonuniformly. These results contradict some statements published in recent years. The domain of policies where SSTF is optimal is considered. The simulation methodology is described in some detail.


RESPECT THE INVENTION INCLUDING A DEVICE POSITIONING AUTOMATIC CURSORS ON COUPLING PROFILES ALONG TWO LEAVES SUPERPOSED, WITH AN ESSENTIALLY CHASSIS 1 TWO WHEELS MOBILE 2 SE FACING MOUNTED AT THE ENDS OF TWO FREE SWING ARM AND SUITABLE AMONG OTHER CHANGES EITHER tO DEPART ANY OF THE OTHER, tO LEAVE OPEN THE TRANSITION tO SLIDER MOUNTED ON THOSE ELEMENTS PROFILES OR tO BE CLOSE tO ONE ANOTHER, AND TEMPORARILY PREVENT THIS PASSAGE, WHAT THE sCROLL LEAF IS cONTINUING, cAUSES A LONGITUDINAL MOVEMENT, MAGNITUDE DETERMINED THAT THOSE ELEMENTS CURSOR.


Soil behavior during compaction is not completely understood due to the difficulty of observing principal state variables during this process. Determination of stress paths and failure envelopes occurring during compaction is challenging due to limitations during determination of principal stresses. The development of a new one-dimensional compaction device designed to allow direct measurement of axial and radial stresses provides an innovative testing procedure that allows analysis of the evolution of state variables of soils subjected to compaction. This methodology is presented through the analysis of fine-grained soils subjected to cyclic compaction together with the analysis of the moisture effect over the stress ratio. As variations with loading cycles are observed, the results allow inference of ratios between horizontal and vertical stresses (K) as non-unique values. Yield stresses and failure envelopes obtained from compaction stress paths are analyzed considering the effect of unsaturated undrained conditions.


Background: Leafy spices include coriander, fenugreek, curryleaf, bayleaf, basil, mint, rosemary, marjoram, thyme, etc. As fresh and/or with value addition, they not only impart diverse flavors, colors and tastes to foods, but also offer a host of powerful phytonutrients which enhance health and well-being. Though many researchers found wonderful medicinal properties of leafy spices contributing towards human health, literature is almost scanty on a comprehensive review attributing the spicy wonders. This review will highlight such spicy wonders, in detail. Results: Coriander contains carbohydrate, fat, protein, vitamin A and C including energy. It aids in digestion, reduces flatulence, improves appetite, helps relieving spasms. Fenugreek leaves are enriched with Calcium, Iron, vitamin C and K, energy and protein. Curry leaves, also rich in minerals and vitamins, used as herbal tonic, prevents hair loss, aids in eye disorders and prevents diabetes, skin problems. Bay leaf, containing polyphenols and antioxidants, can prevent infections, diabetes and skin diseases. Mint is rich in vitamins and minerals and having anti-inflammatory, antiseptic effects. The essential oil of thyme consists of 20-54% antiseptic thymol, which is the main ingredient of mouthwashes and medicated bandages. Marjoram is used to relief from indigestion, asthma, stomach pain, headache, dizziness, colds, coughs and nervous disorders. Rosemary, extremely high in iron, calcium and vitamin B is believed to improve 6 memory. Conclusion: It may be concluded that herbs and medicinal plants are rich sources of beneficial compounds including antioxidants and functional foods. Comprehensive research is necessary to process plant materials into medicine.


A series of arctic and tropical mammals and birds at Point Barrow, Alaska (lat. 71° N.) and in Panama (lat. 9° N.) was subjected to various air temperatures in a respiration chamber where the heat production was determined by oxygen consumption or carbon dioxide production. The larger arctic mammals and birds showed no increase in metabolism at — 30° C. and from observations on sleeping animals it is probable that their zone of thermoneutrality extends to — 40° C. or — 50° C. The smaller arctic species show a high critical temperature and the tropical species even higher. Metabolic heat production increases rapidly with lowering of the temperature in a tropical mammal or bird, and slowly in an arctic animal. It can be shown theoretically that in a thermoregulated system with a fixed basal energy level and variable insulation the critical gradient is proportional to the maximal insulation and the basal energy level.In a large series of experiments including our tropical and arctic animals, and all animals ...


Grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations of carbondioxide (CO$_2$) and acetylene (C$_2$H$_2$) sorption were performed in MPM-1-Cl and MPM-1-Br, two robust molecular porous materials (MPMs) that were synthesized by the addition of adenine to CuX$_2$ (X = Cl or Br) by solvent diffusion. Previous experimental studies revealed that both MPMs are selective for C$_2$H$_2$ over CO$_2$ [Xie DY, et al. (2017) ${CIESC J}$ 68: 154--162]. Simulations in MPM-1-Cl and MPM-1-Br were carried out using polarizable and nonpolarizable potentials of the respective sorbates; this was done to investigate the role of explicit induction on the gas sorption mechanism in these materials. The calculated sorption isotherms and isosteric heat of adsorption ($Q_{st}$) valuesfor both sorbates are in reasonable agreement with the corresponding experimental measurements, with simulations using the polarizable models producing the closest overall agreement. The modeled CO$_2$ binding sitein both MPMs was discovered as sorption between the halide ions of two adjacent [Cu$_2$(adenine)$_4$X$_2$]$^{2+}$ (X = Cl, Br) units.In the case of C$_2$H$_2$, it was found that the sorbate molecule prefers to align along the X--Cu--Cu--X axis of the copper paddlewheels suchthat each H atom of the C$_2$H$_2$ molecule can interact favorably with the coordinated X$^-$ ions. The simulations revealed that both MPMs exhibit stronger interactions with C$_2$H$_2$ than CO$_2$, which is consistent with experimental findings. The effect of halogen substitution toward CO$_2$ and C$_2$H$_2$ sorption in two isostructural MPMs was also elucidated in our theoretical studies.


plant in tlie Botanical Gardens at Cambridge, and for my own collection, I was unintentionally too good a collector, and probably extinguished the plant, tlhough thinking enough had been left for seed. Dr. Gray, on requesting the plants, said they were difficult to raise from the seed, whichl may account for those left disappearing the year after the first and second crop of specimenis was reaped, there being but few at the best. It grew on the gravelly banks of the river, and it would be well for collectors to look for it in. sinmilar situationis within the range above inidicated, at least, with the precauition, if found, of niot cropping too closely, uniless there is an "4abundance'" at Ottawa for all who may seek it personially or by exchange.E. J. HILL, Enqlewvood, IIl.


The invention relates to a process for the formation of a bit sequence (b, b ') from QPSK or QAM symbols, wherein each receive bit (b, b') an associated reception probability (w, w ') is assigned. According to the invention it is provided that the reception probability (w, w ') is adaptively determined considering the transmission characteristics of the channel. The invention further relates to a corresponding circuit arrangement (1).


Under the umbrella of the EUROfusion Consortium and within the Power Plant Physics and Technology (PPPT) Conceptual Design Activities, the project Heating and Current Drive (H&CD) conducts a number of design activities and developments for a next generation clean and environmental friendly, long pulsed (~2 hours) Demonstration fusion power plant (DEMO). This paper covers the results of the most important state-of-the-art and cutting edge technologies for the H&CD systems, as defined in the European Fusion Roadmap and in more detail specified in the Annual Work Plans (AWPs) in the Work-Package H&CD (WPHCD): (i) Gyrotron developments up to 240 GHz with multi-stage-depressed collector (MSDC) energy recovery for the Electron Cyclotron (EC) system; (ii) Neutral beam (NB) injector investigations with gas or alternatively photo-neutralization in the range of 25 - 35 MW as a modular 1 MeV injector type with reduced Cs consumption sources or alternatively volume-production based non-Cs sources; (iii) Ion Cyclotron (IC) antenna conceptual design for a distributed antenna, representing a new type of design and a transition from the commonly used port plugged antennas.


The angular dependence of polarization of the A-band emission from RbCl: is measured at 13.4 K to determine the symmetry axes of the dipoles. The results indicate that these centers posess tetragonal symmetry. This implies that is situated in the next-nearest-neighbor (nnn) position to the ion. The polarization ratio of the A-band emission measured at various temperatures is found to be independent of the temperature. The temperature independence of polarization confirms that, for the


Laser machining is now an accepted method for shaping and modifying ceramics and is rapidly replacing other methods such as grinding and etching. In fact, new innovations such as short pulsed or femtosecond lasers have drastically decreased the amount of unwanted damage associated with laser machining. However, laser machining does still alter the surface and can change the flaw populations and the strength. In order to investigate this effect, the flaw populations and strengths of both unaltered and femtosecond laser machined surfaces were compared. Four point bend tests and a Weibull analysis were used to determine the strength and variability of each sample. From the Weibull analysis, a negligible increase in the characteristic strength was observed. However, the Weibull modulus consistently increased, thus indicating less varied values of strength for the surface treated samples relative to the unmachined samples. Fractography confirmed these findings by indicating more consistent flaw shapes on the m...


Advanced CMOS technology assures CMOS device as a good choice for physical realization of RF applications. But as scaling progresses, noise and short channel effect start to deteriorate the device performance, thus increasing the power dissipation. This work focuses on the analysis of thermal noise by varying the gate resistance and frequency. Equivalent noise voltage is calculated for various extracted gate resistance and the effect of distributed gate resistance due to wider channel MOS is analyzed. Thermal noise is reduced using multifinger gate structure when compared to conventional nMOS. A complete small signal equivalent of nMOS along with augmented equivalent noise models is discussed.


We used a new three‐layer ONIOM(QM:QM:MM) scheme to probe the protonation state of the Glu‐181 residue in the binding pocket of the dark‐adapted state of Rhodopsin. Recent experimental evidence has led to conflicting conclusions about the protonation of Glu‐181, which has important consequences for the proposed "counterion‐switch" mechanism: In particular, the possible role of a proton transfer from Glu‐181 to the primary Glu‐113 counterion in destabilizing the salt bridge with the retinal protonated Schiff base to form the active meta‐II state. By incorporating the interaction of retinal with important binding pocket residues at the QM level, we can calculate accurate structural, NMR, vibrational, and electronic absorption data for charged and neutral Glu‐181 models of the dark state of the wild type, and of the E181Q mutant. Comparison of our new results with experiment gives valuable insight into the reliability of experimental methods in determining the protonation state of Glu‐181.


Many studies of psychological safety in education focus on the study of the antecedent events and results associated with psychological safety and its violations, but little attention is paid to the ways and steps of ensuring and developing psychological safety at different levels of the educational organization. Methodology. The purpose of the study is to analyze the problems and directions of psychological support for subjects of an educational organization (university) in the field of ensuring and developing the psychological safety of an individual and a group. A research method is a theoretical analysis of the problems of psychological support for the psychological safety of an individual and a group in higher education. Conclusion. Psychologically safe practice is essential in the field of education. Despite psychological safety, being an intuitive concept, it is quite difficult to apply it on a university scale since this problem and its solution have great resonance, and consequences for all levels and components of the educational system. That all parties feel free to speak up and participate as much as possible is vital to a safe and optimal educational experience.


Thermal gravimetric analysis is an important method in the study of biomass. In this paper, using this method on elmwood, through pyrolysis experimental analysis at different heating rates (10,30,50,80 °C / min), get the TG-DTG curves to investigate the pyrolysis characteristics of elmwood. The results show that the pyrolysis process of Elmwood are divided into three stages; With the increasing of heating rate, the major pyrolysis temperature range expansion, the temperature corresponding maximum weight loss rate rose; while taking advantage of Lyon integration algorithm for solving the activation energy of 78.47-271.58kj/mol. indicating Arrhenius first-order single-step reaction with biomass pyrolysis reaction has good linearity.


WiFi-based device-free localization is a main indoor localization technique that has attracted much attention recently. Typically, due to the complex wireless propagation in indoor environments, WiFi-based device-free localization requires a construction of a fingerprint map that captures the signal strength characteristics when the human is standing at certain locations in the area of interest. This fingerprint requires significant overhead in construction, and thus has been one of the major drawbacks of WiFi-based device-free localization. In this paper, we leverage an automated tool for fingerprint constructions to study novel scenarios for WiFi-based device-free localization training and testing that are difficult to evaluate in a real environment. In particular, we examine the effect of changing the access points (AP) mounting location, AP technology upgrade, and outsider effect; on the accuracy of the localization system. Our analysis provides recommendations for better localization and provides insights for both researchers and practitioners.


Preface 1. Introduction DISPERSAL OF INDIVIDUAL PROPAGULES 2. Contribution of the parent plant to dispersal 3. Attributes of propagules that aid dispersal 4. Post-release movement of propagules PATTERNS OF DISPERSAL FROM ENTIRE PLANTS 5. Patterns of dispersal from entire plants DISPERSAL IN POPULATION DYNAMICS AND EVOLUTION 6. Invasions and range expansion 7. Propagule dispersal and the spatial dynamics of populations and communities 8. The Evolution of Dispersal 9. Concluding Remarks References Index


We begin an investigation of supersymmetric theories based on exceptional groups. The flat directions are most easily parametrized using their correspondence with gauge-invariant polynomials. Symmetries and holomorphy tightly constrain the superpotentials, but due to multiple gauge invariants other techniques are needed for their full determination. We give an explicit treatment of {ital G}{sub 2} and find gaugino condensation for {ital N}{sub {ital f}}{le}2, and an instanton generated superpotential for {ital N}{sub {ital f}}=3. The analogy with SU({ital N}{sub {ital c}}) gauge theories continues with modified and unmodified quantum moduli spaces for {ital N}{sub {ital f}}=4 and {ital N}{sub {ital f}}=5, respectively, and a non-Abelian Coulomb phase for {ital N}{sub {ital f}}{ge}6. Electric variables suffice to describe this phase over the full range of {ital N}{sub {ital f}}. The Appendix gives a self-contained introduction to {ital G}{sub 2} and its invariant tensors.


In this paper, we describe some novel approaches to solving large problems in frequency and time domains. The frequency domain approach is based on the characteristic basis function method (CBFM), while the time domain scheme is called the serial-parallel approach. The common thread between them is that they both utilize the domain decomposition (DD) approach, but without resorting to iteration. (4 pages)


Data mining, bioinformatics, knowledge discovery, social network analysis, are emerging irregular applications that exploits data structures based on pointers or linked lists, such as graphs, unbalanced trees or unstructured grids. These applications are characterized by unpredictable memory accesses and generally are memory bandwidth bound, but also presents large amounts of inherent dynamic parallelism because they can potentially spawn concurrent activities for each one of the element they are exploring. Hybrid architectures, which integrate general purpose processors with reconfigurable devices, appears promising target platforms for accelerating irregular applications. These systems often connect to distributed and multi-ported memories, potentially enabling parallel memory operations. However, these memory architectures introduce several challenges, such as the necessity to manage concurrency and synchronization to avoid structural conflicts on shared memory locations and to guarantee consistency. In this paper we present an adaptive Memory Interface Controller (MIC) that addresses these issues. The MIC is a general and customizable solution that can target several different memory structures, and is suitable for High Level Synthesis frameworks. It implements a dynamic arbitration scheme, which avoids conflicts on memory resources at runtime, and supports atomic memory operations, commonly exploited for synchronization directives in parallel programming paradigms. The MIC simultaneously maps multiple accesses to different memory ports, allowing fine grained parallelism exploitation and ensuring correctness also in the presence of irregular and statically unpredictable memory access patterns. We evaluated the effectiveness of our approach on a typical irregular kernel, graph Breadth First Search (BFS), exploring different design alternatives.


Objective:To investigate physical fitness characteristics and their changes with the age of the elderly people.Methods:Questionnaires were used to screen 352 eldly people(78.8±5.9)over 70 years.They were divided into four groups according to their ages to test physical fitness,including 70~74years old group,75~79years old group,80~84years old and over 85 years old group.Rikli physical fitness index and China national physique testing standards for senior citizens are applied in the physical fitness test.Results:female excelled male In BMI index and flexibility.male surpassed female in muscle strength,cardiopulmonary and balance ability indexes.BMI index of the elderly people not only differ insignificantly in different age groups,but they also showed no regular change with the age.Besides,the flexibility,strength,cardiopulmonary,balance ability have a declining trend along with the age increase.Comparing to the 80~84age group,75~79age group showed maximam change in flexibility,strength and cardiopulmonary.Comparing to the 85 age group,80~84 age group showed maximam change in balance ability.Except the 70~74and 75~79age groups,the rest of the groups have a statistical significance in variation(P0.05).Conclusion:The overall fitness level showed a declining trend with age,and the elderly health fitness levels fell sharply at the age of 80~84years.The comparisons with the functional fitness normal of the United States suggests that the health fitness of the elderly in China is on a low level.


The Pterygospinous Ligament (PSL) extends from the Pterygospinous process of the lateral Pterygoid plate to the spine of the sphenoid bone. Sometimes, it may be ossified forming a bar of bone bounding the pterygospinous foramen to which mandibular nerve and its branches are variably related. Mandibular and chorda tympani nerves may get compressed depicting various clinical symptoms, which in turn depend upon dimensions of the foramen and grades of compression. Therefore, knowledge of the position and extent of ossification of PSL and its relation to the important structures in the deep infratemporal fossa is important for radiologists, neurologists, maxillofacial surgeons, dental surgeons and anesthesiologists during various anesthetic and surgical procedures.


We derive a discrete path integral for massless fermions on a hypercubic spacetime lattice with null faces. The amplitude for a path with N steps and B bends is +/- (1/2)^N (i/sqrt{3})^B.


The π electronic delocalization in trans-C4H6 and cis-C4H6 has been investigated in the frame of ab initio valence bond theory with 6–31G basis set. The result shows that the Csp2-Csp2 single bond length (1.506 A) is only about 0.024 A shorter than the Csp3-Csp3 bond, thus the central bond length shortening would be mainly due to π conjugation. The theoretical resonance energies of the trans-C4H6 and cis-C4H6 are 8.48 and 7.44 kcal/mol, respectively.


We constructed an urban land intensive use evaluation system according to the concrete situations in Fujian province.We also employed entropy approach to analyze every big city on the basis of 2007 relative data and to mark urban land intensive use scores.We discovered that the general urban land intensive use level was not high in 2007,so we should avoid wasting land resource and further develop urban land use potential.


Pancreatic malignant tumors suffers from an unfortunate prognosis. It is accepted that surgical resection is the only treatment that achieves longterm survival; however, at the moment of their diagnosis, only among 10%-20% the patients are candidates for surgery. Without treatment the survival average is from 3 to 6 months. Just 15-20% will benefit from a resection with curative intent at the time of the diagnosis, less than 20% will survive one year, the 5-year overall survival is not more than 3% .


The nature and degree of George Eliot's commitment to a deterministic world view have been the source of considerable difficulty in the criticism of her work. Critics who concern themselves with the subject take, for the most part, the view either that her belief in determinism seriously marred her art or, on the other hand, that despite appearances she was not a consistent determinist. In both cases, however, determinism evokes extraordinary intensity of feeling, almost everyone agreeing that a commitment to it tends to be detrimental to the artist because it forces a distortion of the facts of existence (or at least a depressing interpretation of them) and leads to an underestimation of man's capacity for action and of his potential dignity.


Conditioning of coal in steam is being explored for the purpose of improving the yield and quality of condensable product obtainable in the mild gasification of coal. Yields of volatiles released during both steam and helium conditioning were determined for Illinois No. 6 coal and Mississippi lignite using weight loss measurements. Previously reported extraction yields for Illinois No. 6 coal were recalculated using the new data. A suprising new conditioning regime of considerable potential importance has been (tentatively) discovered for Illinois No. 6 coal at atmospheric pressure and temperatures between 518 and 644/degree/F (270 and 340/degree/C). Mild gasification of Illinois No. 6 coal was studied at 750 psia in the semicontinuous reactor system. The high liquid yields previously obtained after steam conditioning with this reactor operated in the injection mode are not now being realized with this reactor operating in the semicontinuous mode. The recovery and analytical methods were reexamined and the total recovery improved, from 90 wt % or less, to 92 to 96 wt %. A series of runs made using the same amount of coal as that fed in the injection mode did not give the improved yields. The possibility that helium flowing through the feed tubemore » prevents access of steam to the reacting coal will be examined. Substantial progress has been made on the construction of the fluidized bed mild gasification test facility.« less


Despite comprehensive development of trade arbitration especially in international law, there are still some disputes about some of its features. Problem of legal stance of confidentiality in this kind of investigations is such dispute points where to be legal principle or not rises different scopes and it must have mentioned: it seriously affects trade issue. But in most of related regulations to international arbitration and specially arbitration protocols of WIPO, confidentiality is accepted as a certain principle. In this article, theoretical bases, realm and determinant features and finally, WIPO arbitration approach to this article are evaluated.


Abstract : Volume II is a user's manual for computer programs written to perform theoretical analyses described in Volume I. This volume describes the main routines and subroutines used in the analysis of the combustion of composite solid propellants both steady state and nonsteady state. Also, a detailed description of the input parameters required as well as the output generated is presented. Sample cases are provided to facilitate understanding of the programs so described.


Ecological studies were carried out on the Parlatoria black scale, Parlatoria ziziphi (Lucas) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) and its associated parasitoid on navel orange trees at Faculty of Agriculture farm in Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia Governorate, Egypt during two successive years from June 2015 until May 2017. The seasonal abundance and activity periods of different stages of P. ziziphi and its associated parasitoid on navel orange trees and the effects of some weather factors on both insect and parasitoid were considered. The obtained results revealed that the total numbers of alive stages had two peaks of activity during the first year (2015-2016) they took place at September and January. While, during the second year (2016-2017) the total number of alive stages showed one peak of activity there was in September. Aphytis sp. (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) was recorded as a parasitoid of P. ziziphi which appeared two peaks of parasitism during the first year (2015-2016) in November and May. While, during the second year one peak was occurred in November. The total effects of some weather factors (Temp.oC, RH% and solar radiation) in this study on the total numbers of alive stages of P. ziziphi during the two successive years were 89.47 and 85.30%, successively. The obtained results revealed that P. ziziphi had two to three annual generations on navel orange trees, the generation durations were varied from three to five months.


Potassium permanganate is produced by the electro-oxidation of alkaline potassium manganate in a divided electrolytic cell. A filter press type flow electrolyzer has been designed, fabricated, and ...