The genus Polybotrya (Dryopteridaceae) includes 35 species of neotropical ferns. It is distinguished by 1) strongly dimorphic leaves with fertile leaves that resemble skeletons of the sterile, photosynthetic ones; 2) usually high-climbing stems that are covered with scales; and 3) a unique stem anatomy with 5 to 12 circularly arranged meristeles, each surrounded by a black sclerenchymatous sheath, with numerous tiny leaf traces arching between adjacent meristeles. The center of diversity of the genus is the Andes, where 23 species occur, 12 of which are endemic. The coastal mountains of southeastern Brazil are notable because they contain 5 species, all endemic. The range of Polybotrya is from Chiapas, Mexico, southward through Central America; the West Indies; northern South America southward along the Andes to Bolivia and Paraguay and eastward to the Guiana Highlands; the Amazon River basin and the Matto Grosso; and southeastern Brazil. Species of the genus typically inhabit wet, shaded, primary tropical forests from sea level to 2500 m, most often occurring at middle altitudes between 500 and 2000 m. Polybotrya is divided into three subgenera: 1) Soromanes, leaves simply pinnate and veins anastomosing; 2) Sorhifolia, leaves simply or twice pinnate and veins free, close, and parallel; and 3) Polybotrya, leaves decompound and veins free. Polybotrya cervina, a species usually included in Polybotrya, is removed to the monotypic genus Olfersia (Moran 1986). Polybotrya is related to dryopteroid genera such as Arachniodes, Cyclodium, Maxonia. Olfersia, and Polystichopsis. Carl Christensen, the father of modem fern taxonomy, observed (1916) that Polybotrya may have arisen from Maxonia because both have high-climbing stems and strongly dimorphic leaves. The morphological and anatomical evidence presented here suggests that Polybotrya may have evolved instead from a Cyclodium-like ancestor.
I chose Polybotrya for study because two aspects of the genus immediately intrigued me: its strongly differentiated sterile and fertile leaves and its long, creeping hemiepiphytic stem (Fig. 1). Since these features evolved separately in unrelated fern genera, studying Polybotrya might well provide insight into broader questions of fern evolution. Polybotrya was suited to monographic study because the number of species (35), all of which are neotropical, was manageable. Finally, no previous monographic work had been done on Polybotrya and many problems of nomenclature and identification remained to be solved.


In recent years increasing importance is being attached to the bacteriological status of persons with leprosy. This trend is world-wide and is gradually limiting isolation to only those patients who are bacteriologically positive. Unfortunately, no clear definition of what constitutes a state of bacteriological negativity has been forthcoming. Under such circumstances it is likely that patients will be considered negative after a single attempt to demonstrate organisms. Skin scrapings at best provide but a poor sample of what is occurring in the patient's skin, and this technique is fraught with all the disadvantages of all other sampling techniques. Thus, to attribute exclusive significance to such a procedure, disregarding clinical findings, appears to be extremely hazardous. Skin scrapings using the Wayson technique 1 were performed on 84 patients who had been considered bacteriologically negative and otherwise qualified for release from the hospital. These patients had had negative skin scrapings at not


This paper describes the calculation model for high platform on piles and front sheet pile struc-ture by adopting the vertical elastic foundation method,points out the treatment of key points in internal force and displacement calculation by FEM,and puts forward matters of attention during calculation based on the model.


Seven independent studies of young children's performances were reviewed. Rather consistently, children's scores on a wide range of popular language tests and measures revealed large numbers of moderately high to high interrelationships which were unexpected, since the authors frequently claimed that their tests measured specific rather than general language skills. Data from two new investigations of different batteries of language tests given to 122 young handicapped children in the first investigation and 44 in the second were subjected to multivariate analyses, including regression analysis and factor analysis. Results from the first study showed that a few general rather than many specific linguistic abilities characterized the performances of the children; results from the second showed that only one general linguistic factor accounted for the subjects' performances. The construct and content validity of many of the tests studied appears untenable. Implications for use of the tests (accounting for most of the variance in each of the two batteries studied) are presented, along with recommendations concerning the development of more valid language tests.


Abstract : After improving Type PO20 Loran-C Receiver, we obtained an output of phase difference with 1 microsecond full scale and therefore increased the resolution rate of phase difference (delta)P between our clock and LC signals. When the weather changes we often record the obvious variation of (delta)P. Sometimes, the period of the variation was about 9 min and the amount of the variation of (delta)P was up to several hundred ns, and the attenuation of amplitude M of LC groundwaves was in excess of 8 db. After making a comparison between some results, we realize that the (delta)P and M of LC groundwaves were affected by acoustic gravity waves generated by cold (warm) currents or typhoons, and that the LC sky waves were affected by more acoustic-gravity waves with longer periods.


Merrill, William L., Marian Kaulaity Hansson, Candace S. Greene, and Frederick J. Reuss. A Guide to the Kiowa Collections at the Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology, number 40, 443 pages, 129 figures, frontispiece, 1997.—This guide provides an overview of the extensive anthropological collections associated with the Kiowa Indians of Oklahoma housed in the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. The vast majority of these collections are found in the Smithsonian's Department of Anthropology, located in the National Museum of Natural History. In the 1990s, the Kiowa Tribe of Oklahoma included over 10,000 enrolled members, more than half of whom resided in western Oklahoma. Before settling on a reservation in the second half of the nineteenth century, the Kiowas were nomadic bison hunters on the southern Plains who raided deep into Mexico. The Kiowa materials at the Smithsonian were collected for the most part after the creation of the Kiowa reservation, but the information they contain spans a period from before European contact to the late twentieth century. The guide, produced between 1985 and 1994, is divided into five major sections. Each of the first four sections focuses on a major component of the Smithsonian's Kiowa collection— material culture, manuscripts, artwork, and photographs—and includes background information on the collections as well as inventories and descriptions of them. The fifth section is a list of individuals whose names appear in association with the collections. This "List of Persons" indicates the specific materials in the collections with which each of these individuals is associated. The guide concludes with a summary of Smithsonian Kiowa collections located outside the Department of Anthropology and a bibliography of selected references on the Kiowa. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Annals of the Smithsonian Institution. SERIES COVER DESIGN: Rendering of a portion of the design painted on the interior of a woman's cow-hide robe (USNM 165267). See Figure 6 for the complete design. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A guide to the Kiowa collections at the Smithsonian Institution / William L. Merrill ... [et al.]. p. cm. — (Smithsonian contributions to anthropology ; no. 40) Includes bibliographic references. 1. Kiowalndians—Material culture. 2. Kiowa Indians—Antiquities. 3. Museum of Natural History (U.S.). Office of Anthropology—Ethnological collections. I. Merrill, William L. II. Smithsonian Institution III Series GNl.S54no.40 [E99.K5] 301 s-dc20 [976.6'004974] 95-34258 ® The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48 1984.


The properties and fire-retardant mechanism of some kinds of fire retardants,such as aluminum hydroxide,magnesium hydroxide,antimony,phosphorus,boron and molybdenum,were introduced.The fire retardancy and smoke suppression of soft PVC were tested.The results showed that:(1)the mechanical property of coupling agent-treated fire retardant was improved since the interfacial combination between the fire retardant and matrix was enhanced;(2)the using amount of molybdenum trioxide had no significant influences on the fire-retardant effect,but the fire-retardant effect could become better and better with the increase of the using amount of zinc borate and antimony trioxide.


Photoemission measurements with a barium photocathode and a nitrogen laser are reported. The cathode is prepared by evaporating barium onto a copper disc. Radiation from a nitrogen laser (337 nm, 10 ns) is polarized and strikes the cathode surface at variable angles. An electron quantum yield as high as 1/spl times/10/sup -3/ is observed. The dependence of the quantum yield on the beam polarization and angle of incidence is investigated. The results indicate that higher quantum yields are achieved when the laser beam is incident at an angle of /spl sim/55/spl deg/ and is polarized perpendicular to the plane of incidence.<<ETX>>


OBJECTIVES
Based on the immunologic character of Pichia pastoris yeast, a new therapeutic vaccine, whole recombinant yeast, was used to explore a new way to activate cell-mediated anti-viral immunity.

METHODS
The recombinant plasmids, pPIC9K/S and PIC9K/hsp(1-370)-S, were constructed by inserting the gene encoding HBsAg, HSP70 (1-370) -HBsAg into vector pPIC9K and then the recombinants were transfected into Pichia pastoris yeast,GS115, respectively. Then that recombinant yeast immunized BALB/C mice were detected for humoral and cellular immunity to HBsAg.

RESULTS
Recombinant yeast successfully activated the humoral immunity to HBsAg in mice, but failed to activate the cellular immunity.

CONCLUSION
The whole recombinant yeast can be used as vaccine, but need further study for optimal way of immunization.


Good Morning. It's Wednesday, March 3, 2010. At this hour, U.S. equity futures are trading higher. Overseas, the Asian markets were mixed, while the European markets are generally lower. Analyst Research: Today's UPGRADES include: Select Medical (SEM)...


A nuclear-XAFS effect occurs during the scattering of electrons or X-ray photons when the excitation of inner shell electrons couples both energy and angular momentum into nuclear channels of excitation. Nuclear transitions can be induced if the density of excited states of the nucleus enclosed by the electrons is high enough. The 31-yr isomeric state, Hf satisfies the condition for excitation by monochromatic X-rays from synchrotron sources. Strong effects upon such nuclei are studied. r 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


Experimental investigations and direct numerical simulations of passive flow destabilization and heat transfer augmentation have been performed in the past concerning transversely grooved channels with fully developed flow. These experiments and simulations have shown both unsteady flow effects and enhanced heat transfer with two-dimensional disturbance occurring at a Reynolds number of about 350 and three-dimensional disturbance occurring around a Reynolds number of 750. Two postulates have arisen: small grooves at the leading edge of a channel disrupting the boundary layer and intermittently grooved channels improving the combination of heat transfer/pumping power performance. Two and three-dimensional simulations will be performed with Nek5000 to design an experiment and limit the parameters, including the number of grooves, the growth of groove dimensions with boundary layer growth, and the length of the recovery region. An experiment will be designed based on the results of these simulations that will measure the heat transfer and pumping power performance and a final three-dimensional simulation will be used as a model in the goal of correctly predicting heat transfer and Reynolds-number-independent friction factor behavior.


The term project-based learning refers to the involvement of a group of students for completing a project in achieving deep understanding and therefore getting different learning outcomes. One of the major challenges of preparing for PBL is to ensure that students have adequate research resources and are prepared to conduct their research and connect with mentors. ICT is an established acronym for the word Information and Communication Technology used widely as different forms for multi-purposes. It includes several innovations and technological tools used to interact, distribute, store and handle data. Use of ICT in colleges by students and teachers have now become a requirement because it could be used to improve the performance of effective teaching and learning in any tertiary institutions. This paper provides a discussion regarding using Project-based learning in teaching through the application of ICT, and the need for PBL. Finally, this paper proposes some recommendations for the growth of ICT knowledge in the teaching practice of the institution.


This document arguments and requests re-allocation of an UDP port
number from the System Ports range for a Reflector in Two-Way Active
Measurement Protocol (TWAMP). This document, if accepted, will be an
update to the TWAMP Test protocol specified in RFC 5357.


Supramolecular polymeric nanotubes self-assembled by cyclic peptide−polymer conjugates are employed as a general scaffold to fabricate supramolecular FRET systems. The monomer-to-excimer emission ratio of the FRET donor, PYR-CP-PEG, can be...


Field sampling was conducted as part of the BASIS
programme and was supported in part by the Bering Sea
Fishermen's Association, The Arctic Yukon Kuskokwim
Sustainable Salmon Initiative, and the Bering Sea Integrated
Ecosystem Research Program. Data analysis was supported in
part by a grant from the North Pacific Research Board (#R0816).


In the first report, we have proposed "matrix brick" which is made of quartz flour through the 1600 hole/cm2 sieve mixed with abt. 5% of CaO. In mixing this "matrix" with varions amounts of coarer grains (400-1600 hole/cm2), we found that the sample cones containing less than 30% of "matrix" are more refractory, and therefore such bricks are good for use in open-hearth roof.In the second report, results of dilatometric experiments and microscopic observations of matrix bricks are given. There are two remarkable periods of mineral development during the sintering of matrix bricks; i.e.1000-1200°C cristobalite development1200-1400°C tridymite developmentThe formation of tridymite was detected byT1-inversson (α→β1 trid.) in samples fired at lower temperaturesT2-inversion (crist.→trid.) in samples fired at higher temperaturesBy comparing parmanent expansions at 1000°C in reheating the bricks, a minimum was found in samples fired at 900-1100°C, Milk of lime in green body gradully absorbs CO2 and is converted into CaCO3 at abt. 600°C, then it decomposes. At abt. 800-900°C, formation of calcium silicate was concluded from a marked shrinkage, and at abt. 1400°C it became visible under a microscope in forming ring-like shaped crystals. When fired at above 1400°C, calcium silicate diffused into the matrix, but when cooled, it recrystallized again.In the present (third) report, experimental results of parmanent expansion, porosity, apparent density and permeability are given.In the firing range of 1100°-1200°C, the apparent specific gravity of the matrix bricks has decreased from 2.60 to less than 2.40, but the porosity has also decreased and the crushing strength increased. Because there is no great change of porosity during firing, it is advisable to make quality control in green body. Increase of CaO content is good for crystal growth of Tridymite but rather decreases the it's amount, and makes expansion smaller.


— Petrographic and bulk compositional data suggest the existence of a new grouplet of carbonaceous chondrites consisting of Coolidge and Loongana 001. Coolidge is a carbonaceous chondrite find from Kansas, USA, previously considered a metamorphosed CV chondrite. Loongana 001 is a recent find from Western Australia. It has a high matrix/chondrule modal abundance ratio, 1–2 vol% refractory inclusions and high refractory lithophile abundance ratios (∼1.35x CI), indicating that it is a carbonaceous chondrite.

Coolidge and Loongana 001 have many compositional and petrographic similarities. They have refractory element abundances in the range of CV chondrites, significantly higher than those in the CR chondrites. They have similar volatile element abundance patterns showing low volatile element abundances relative to both CR and CV chondrites. Coolidge and Loongana 001 have similar chondrule dimensions and shapes, oxidation states and opaque mineral assemblages. They are also similar in petrologic type (3.8–4) and shock stage (S2).

Although both Coolidge and Loongana 001 may be related to the CV clan, they are not CV chondrites, nor are they formed by metamorphism of a CV precursor. They are distinctly different in composition from CV chondrites and their chondrules are smaller and have a much lower abundance of coarse-grained chondrule rims. Coolidge and Loongana 001 constitute a distinct carbonaceous chondrite grouplet.


The purposes of the study are (1) to develop a Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI) program to deal with middle school students' misconceptions on the concept of atmospheric pressure, and (2) to investigate the effects of the CAI on students' achievement and conceptual change. The findings of the study are as follows: (1) Misconceptions about atmospheric pressure found are similar to the ones identified in earlier studies, (2) A CAI program on atmospheric pressure was developed based on the students' misconceptions identified, and (3) The instruction using CAI program has very positive effects on students' science achievement and conceptual change.


This paper first outlines a broad range of reconfigurable computing research activities from a perspective of system LSI designs. Then, the paper focuses onto dynamically reconfigurable logic (DRL) LSI, a prototype chip that we developed to evaluate the reconfigurable computing concept. Through its ability to exchange hardware contexts quickly, this chip can accelerate media/communication applications with customized hardware configurations, yet maintaining scalability towards varying application sizes.


The categories into which the documentation in this book is divided suggest the breadth of the compilers' ambition: the growth of the community, Singapore at the end of the nineteenth century, Japanese in Asia at the end of the Taisho era, their travels, the lives of two pioneer merchants, Chubei and Kurahachi, Japanese overseas businesses, pre-war trade between Singapore and Japan, Japanese-owned rubber plantations, their elementary school, written records of Singapore, Japanese artwork on Singapore, postcards, "Little Japan", "Echigoya" fabric shop, social activities, religious buildings, ceremonies, the various Japanese delegations, and the streets and transportation of Singapore. The captions of the many illustrations are in English, as well as a short introduction for each chapter. The text should have been edited by an expert in English, but nevertheless the volume as it stands is an excellent introduction to the subject, and an indicator of what further academic research might uncover.


Abstract Background: Cellular effects of oestrogen are mediated by two intracellular receptors ERα and ERβ. However, to compare responses mediated through these two receptors, experimental models are needed where ERα and ERβ are individually stably overexpressed in the same cell type. Methods: We compared the effects of stable overexpression of ERα and ERβ in the MCF10A cell line, which is an immortalised but non-transformed breast epithelial cell line without high endogenous ER expression. Results: Clones of MCF10A cells were characterised which stably overexpressed ERα (10A-ERα2, 10A-ERα13) or which stably overexpressed ERβ (10A-ERβ12, 10A-ERβ15). Overexpression of either ERα or ERβ allowed induction of an oestrogen-regulated ERE-LUC reporter gene by oestradiol which was not found in the untransfected cells. Oestradiol also increased proliferation of 10A-ERα13 and 10A-ERβ12 cells, but not untransfected cells, by 1.3-fold over 7 days. The phytoestrogen, genistein, which is reported to bind more strongly to ERβ than to ERα, could induce luciferase gene expression from an ERE-LUC reporter gene at concentrations of 10−6 M and 10−5 M but only in the clones overexpressing ERβ and not in those overexpressing ERα. Clone 10A-ERβ12 also yielded growth stimulation with 10-6 M genistein. Finally, the overexpression of ERα, but not ERβ, gave rise to increased growth in semi-solid methocel suspension culture in the presence of 70 nM oestradiol, suggesting that overexpression of ERα, but not ERβ, produces characteristics of a transformed phenotype. Conclusions: This provides a model system to compare effects of oestradiol with other oestrogenic ligands in cells stably overexpressing individually ERα or ERβ.


We are often taught that research begins with a well designedresearch question(s), followed by identifying theoretical frameworks andconstructs that might be useful in providing answers. Arguably however whilstresearch questions are central to the research process, they don't just appearout of nowhere. Often they are the result of much 'work' around the topic orproblem even before the question is formulated. It is this 'work' that I wouldlike to focus on in this paper. Although rarely is it included in grantapplications, it nevertheless represents what I believe to be an understated, perhapseven hidden, yet important component of research design. Making this 'work'explicit is part of 'good' research. This paper encourages researchers todevelop a deeper understanding of how the social world (ontology) is made upand how we can generate knowledge or evidence (epistemology) of thesecomponents, as an important factor in research design. Whilst a challenge, itis an important phase during the initiation and conceptualisation of any study(qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods) because the philosophicalpositions we take will influence not only the shape of the questions we ask,but how the research is subsequently designed. The result will be researchwhich is coherent ontologically and epistemologically from the broad area ofenquiry, to the problem, the research question(s), research design includingmethodology and method and analysis.  The aim of this paper is illuminate anapproach to research design which is philosophically grounded and coherentacross all aspects of design.


The preparation of N,N′-dialkyl- and N,N′-diaryl-1,6-diazacyclodeca-3,8-diynes was achieved by reaction of alkyl- or arylamines with 1,4-dihalobut-2-yne under dilution conditions in yields of 5–15%. The compounds synthesized by this procedure were the N,N′-dimethyl (2b), N,N′-diethyl (2c), N,N′-diisopropyl (2d), N,N′-di-tert-butyl (2e), N,N′-dicyclohexyl (2f), N,N′-diphenyl (2g), and N,N′-di-p-tolyl (2h) derivatives. The parent compound 2a was obtained in ca. 40% yield by heating 2d with α-chloroethylchloroformate (20). Using 1,9-dibromonona-2,7-diyne (10) and methylamine or isopropylamine, respectively, the corresponding N-alkyl-1-azacyclodeca-3,8-diynes 4b and 4d were synthesized under dilution conditions. By heating 4d with 20 we obtained 1-azacyclodeca-3,8-diyne (4a). As side products of the cyclization reactions the trimers 18 and tetramers 12 and 19 were isolated and characterized. N-methyl-1-azacycloundeca-3,9-diyne (14b) was prepared by reaction of 1,10-dibromodeca-3,8-diyne (13) with methylamine.


The domains of attraction of the univariate extreme value distributions are characterized using inverse cumulative hazard functions. The results are much simpler than those using cumulative distribution functions. We also characterize the differentiable domains of attraction. A particularly simple characterization is given for the twice differentiable domain of attraction.


While the advective flux from cool melt runoff can be a significant source of thermal energy to mountainous rivers, it has been a much less addressed process in river temperature modeling and thus our understanding is limited with respect to the spatiotemporal effect of melt on river temperatures at the watershed scale. In particular, the extent and magnitude of the melt cooling effect in the context of a warming climate are not yet well understood. To address this knowledge gap, we improved a coupled hydrology and stream temperature modeling system, distributed hydrology soil vegetation model and river basin model (DHSVM-RBM), to account for the thermal effect of cool snowmelt runoff on river temperatures. The model was applied to a snow-fed river basin in the Pacific Northwest to evaluate the responses of snow, hydrology, stream temperatures, and fish growth potential to future climates. Historical simulations suggest that snowmelt can notably reduce the basin-wide peak summer temperatures particularly at high-elevation tributaries, while the thermal impacts of melt water can persist through the summer along the mainstem. Ensemble climate projections suggested that a warming climate will decrease basin mean peak snow and summer streamflow by 92% and 60% by the end of the century. Due to the compounded influences of warmer temperatures, lower flows and diminished cooling from melt, river reaches in high elevation snow-dominated areas were projected to be most vulnerable to future climate change, showing the largest increases in summer peak temperatures. As a result, thermal habitat used by anadromous Pacific salmon was projected to exhibit substantially lower growth potential during summer in the future. These results have demonstrated the necessity of accounting for snowmelt influence on stream temperature modeling in mountainous watersheds.


We consider the optimal harvesting policy, that is maximizing the yield, under sustainable fisheries including the age of first capture and seasonal harvesting. To obtain this policy, we analyze mathemati cal and numerical methods using spawning per recruit (SPR) and yield per recruit (YPR) simultaneous ly. We use data on a chub mackerel population in the Pacific Ocean off eastern Japan. We consider three cases of seasonal fishing, fishing throughout the year, half year after the spawning season and vari able fishing season, defined as the policy that varies the beginning and the end of fishing season. Under a variable fishing season, the optimal fishing season includes the fishing season of the two major types of chub mackerel Scomber japonicus fisheries, the dip-net and the purse-seine fisheries. We conclude that (1) the maximum sustainable yield is unlikely to be in pulse fishing, (2) The optimal yield under a fixed fishing season policy is close to that under a variable fishing season, (3) In any case, the fish should be preserved until the end of the first spawning season.


Objective To study the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)on Lithium-Pilocarpine induced seizures and its possible mechanisms.Methods Rats were randomly divided into the 0.5 rTMS group,sham stimulation group and control group.After every day for 2 weeks' consecutive corresponding stimulations,the acute epilepsy model was made by Lithium-Pilocarpine,and subsequently the latencies of seizures were observed,and the severity of seizure was quantitatively evaluated within 90 minutes after an intraperitoneal injection of Pilocarpine.Immunohistochemistry was used to observe the expressions of glutamic acid decar-boxylase65(GAD65)and N-methyl-D-aspartateR1(NMDAR1)in the rat hippocampus of all studied groups.Results Compared with sham stimulation group and control group,the latency of seizure became much longer,and the severity of seizure was much milder(P0.05 for both)in rTMS group;rTMS group had increased expression of GAD65,but decreased expression of NMDAR1(P0.05 for both)compared with the control group.There was no significant difference for expression of GAD65 and NMDAR1 between the sham stimulation group and control group(P0.05).Conclusions The rats pretreated with 0.5 Hz rTMS showed clear resistance to pilocarpine-induced seizure,and this effect might be produced by regulating the expression of GAD65 and NMDAR1 in the hippocampus.


A novel approximating polynomial of an equiripple low-pass FIR filter is presented. It represents an optimal equiripple polynomial approximation of two constants in two disjoint intervals. It also provides an insight into the nature of the approximation problem. The developed equiripple approximation is illustrated in two examples.


To improve the performance of intercepting a target with different maneuvering modes and changing the mode suddenly during the interception, a new adaptive control algorithm for the IGC (Integrated Guidance and Control) system is proposed, using the global terminal sliding mode control method and a DNN (Deep Neural Network). Firstly, the missile-target problem is formulated and a new strict-feedback nonlinear IGC model with mismatched uncertainties is established. Secondly, the paper divides the IGC system into four subsystems, including a guidance subsystem, overload subsystem, attitude subsystem and the deep neural network subsystem. To transform the control signal between each subsystem and avoid the "differential explosion" problem, the paper defines the SOF (Second Order Filter). Thirdly, in combination with a deep neural network, a new modified global terminal sliding mode surface and the adaptive control law are designed. At last, using the Lyapunov theory, the stability of the IGC system is analyzed. Finally, to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, several simulation cases are given. The simulation results show the superiority of the proposed algorithm in adapting different maneuvering modes during the whole interception, improving the control performance and having a high interception accuracy.


Among 118 patients with astrocytomas (WHO grades II–IV), 16 whoshowed typical MR imaging findings of low-grade supratentorial astrocytomas on conventional MRimaging were included. All 16 patients underwent preoperative MR imaging and diffusion-weightedimaging. The minimum ADC value of each tumor was determined from several regions of interest inthe tumor on ADC maps. To assess the relationship between the minimum ADC and tumor grade, weperformed the Mann-Whitney


A series of rear impact tests has been conducted to evaluate the current test procedure contained in ECE Regulations 32 and 34. The specifications for these tests were determined after an analysis of rear impact accident data. It has been found that the existing test, which uses a mobile rigid barrier, does not replicate the damage seen in rear impact accidents. Rear impact tests using a deformable barrier were found to replicate accident damage far better than the rigid barrier. The possibility of including a neck injury criterion was also investigated. Proposals are made regarding the potential for improving the regulatory rear impact test procedure. (A)


Discloses imaging apparatus and other devices (particularly a display device) was separated and the imaging device having wireless connection, the efficient data transfer between the device and improve convenience in the art, the video content to this technique, imaging means according to data is encoded as encoded data confirm the content of the content stored coded data and extended layer by layer, the core layer coding. Immediately confirm the contents of the encoded data from the content transmission confirmation unit (906) display means is transmitted (950) by wireless communication and display output. On the other hand, the contents stored coded data confirm the contents of the encoded data are stored together in the recording unit (907) in. Thus, to achieve rapid display video content data and ensure the preservation of quality.


This training is motivated by the situation of housewives who spend time with less useful activities. On the other hand, making bags and wallets by using makrame techniques is developing in the community. For that, it is necessary to provide training to housewives to increase knowledge and skills about makrame. The method used is training which is divided into two stages, namely the stage of giving material and practice guided by the PPM team and six tutors. Increased knowledge is obtained from the difference in scores of participants after pretest and post-test. The results of the pre-test showed that only eightparticipants (25.8%) who received a score of ? 60, at post-test increased to 22 participants (70.97%) who received a score of ? 60. The conclusion of this activity is the knowledge and skills of the trainees increased. Keywords: Makrame, Art, Skills, Housewives


During the first thirty-five years of the nineteenth century more than fifty men were hanged for sodomy in England. This was less than a seventh of the number of people executed for murder in the same period, though in one year, 1806, there were more executions for sodomy than for murder. Nevertheless, it was the case that in the first third of the nineteenth century trials and executions for sodomy were much commoner than they had been in any earlier period.


With the accelerated pace of life,work pressure and increasingly cold relationship,there are many personality disorders and psychological diseases.Therefore,importance should be attached to the students' healthy personality training in sports class in school.The cultivation has become the inevitable choice for the school facing the future society.This article tries to analyze the standard of healthy personality and the unhealthy personality situation in sports activities.It explores how to train students' healthy personality by physical education.It's only for your reference.


The global economic downturn has had a profound effect on sales organizations in every industry sector impacting the salesperson's daily tasks and selling strategies. Where the topic of selling strategy and the salesperson is abundantly covered (Biong and Selnes, 1996) there is little research in the context of personal selling during a recession. There is a wide range of consultancy and managerial articles available listing advice to sales professionals during an economic downturn; however, they are based on firsthand knowledge rather than theoretical or empirical evidence. This lack of empirical research has lead to the aim of this working paper wh ich is twofold: 1. To investigate how the economic downturn has affected Personal Selling Strategies; 2. Determine how the economic downturn has affected the role of the salesperson. Interviews were held with twenty-four UK salespeople impacted by current recession from a variety of business-to-business companies. This paper contributes new knowledge for sales management and better equips sales practitioners with the strategies to negate the consequences of economic downturns.


When organizations purchase information systems from IT vendors, they produce formal calls for tender (CFT) that specify, among other attributes, the required usability criteria of the systems. HCI research has concentrated on the IS purchaser organizations' view and studied usability practices and criteria embedded into CFTs. However, IS vendors' perspective is much less studied and especially the effects of characteristics of CFTs on IS vendors' usability practices remain unexplored. We participated in a large tendering and experienced how the CFT introduced obstacles in the vendor's usability work that needed workarounds, which may decrease system usability in context after the tendering and falsify the evaluation results of the purchaser. We identified obstacles arising from the tendering context, evaluation practices and usability measures. The joint effect of detailed usability test tasks and user performance measures published as well as a limited communication and time during the process were experienced as the most problematic and counterproductive in vendor's usability work.


Theoretical research on high-power microwave sources based on stimulated emission from relativistic election beams (REBs) in plasma waveguides are reviewed. Both microwave amplifiers and oscillators are investigated. Two mechanisms for stimulated resonant Cherenkov emission from a relativistic electron beam — single-particle or Thomson emission and collective or Raman emission — are studied. Although the paper is devoted to theoretical problems, all estimates and are made with real experiments in mind and theoretical results are compared with experimental data.


Despite the many advances in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematous (SLE), infection remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality of patients. The reasons for the high incidence of infection are immunosuppressive therapy and immune disturbances of lupus itself. Bacterial infections are most frequent, followed by viral and fungal infections. Vaccination is the most important tool in the prevention of infections specially influenza and Streptococcus pneumonia infections. Prophylaxis of tuberculosis and pneumocystosis are also recommended to prevent those deadly infections. In this review, we aim to give an overview of the prevention means of infections in SLE.


Abstract The most important historical sources for the study of Zheng He's voyages to the Western oceans are the historical records and cultural relics that have been passed down to us. We can summarize these as three books, a map, a novel, a play, and seven steles.


Synopsis Viscometric data on the influence of concentration of two superplasticizing admixtures upon the yield value and plastic viscosity of pastes made with four cements are reported. Yield value decreases exponentially with concentration, whilst plastic viscosity decreases linearly. These results are discussed in relation to the effect of superplasticizers upon the rheology of fresh concrete. Detailed differences in results obtained in viscometers of different geometries are reported and discussed.


Researchers, policy makers, and educators have documented and contended with a nearly intractable issue of disproportionality of minority students in special education categories for nearly five decades (Sullivan & Proctor, 2016). The persistence of disproportionality in special education has led some scholars to conclude that schools have used special education as a tool of exclusion from general education for students from marginalized racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic backgrounds (Ferri & Connor, 2014; Orfield & Frankenburg, 2014; Sullivan & Proctor, 2016). The intersections of race, social class, ethnicity, and dis ability within the public schools often further disadvantages African American students (Annamma, Connor, & Ferri, 2013; Artiles et al., 2010; Ferri & Connor, 2014; Kramarczuk Voulgarides, Fergus, & Thorius, 2017). Major facets of the discrepant educational outcomes for African American youth are the overrepresentation in special education services and in exclusionary school discipline which often serves as a precursor to subsequent diagnoses of learning disabilities (Bal, Sullivan, & Harper, 2014; Shifrer, Muller, & Callahan, 2010). African Americans receive office referrals, suspensions, and expulsions at disproportionately high rates compared to their White counterparts (Carter, Skiba, Arredondo, & Pollock, 2017). African American students have an increased risk of identification and referral for special education services, especially in three high incidence categories that depend upon professional judgment for diagnosis: specific learning disabilities (SLD or LD), intellectual disabilities (ID)/cognitive impairment (CI), and emotional behavioral disorders (EBD) (Klingner et al., 2005; Kramarczuk Voulgarides et al., 2017). When justified, special education interventions and services provide helpful academic and social supports for struggling students (Ford, 2012). However, placement and identification in special education often carries deleterious effects for African American students, such as less rigorous curricula, more restrictive educational settings, lower graduation rates, higher suspension/expulsion rates, lower college-going and completion rates, and higher rates of underand unemployment (Artiles et al., 2010; Exploring School Counselors' Preparation to Address


Abstract Daily rhythms of feeding, attraction to light and female calling of Agrotis segetum, Mentaxia ignicollis, Heliothis armigera, Mythimna loreyi and Plusua orichalcea are described. The periods of feeding activity and female calling are typical for all the species. The male/female ratio during the copulation period is shifted in favour of males, and the biological significance of this is discussed.


The FPGA realization of memory control in MSK signal detection is presented in this paper.How to read out a series of data from memory stored with signal and noise is analyzed.And how to realize the FPGA is also given.In the paper,the skill used in the realization of FPGA and the applicability of the method in the other field are described in detail.


Danny's epilepsy doesn't really bother him until he encounters a teacher who is frightened by it and bans him from swimming and gymnastics.


DSCAM and DSCAML1 are immunoglobulin and cell adhesion‐type receptors serving important neurodevelopmental functions including control of axon growth, branching, neurite self‐avoidance, and neuronal cell death. The signal transduction mechanisms or effectors of DSCAM receptors, however, remain poorly characterized. We used a human ORFeome library to perform a high‐throughput screen in mammalian cells and identified novel cytoplasmic signaling effector candidates including the Down syndrome kinase Dyrk1a, STAT3, USP21, and SH2D2A. Unexpectedly, we also found that the intracellular domains (ICDs) of DSCAM and DSCAML1 specifically and directly interact with IPO5, a nuclear import protein of the importin beta family, via a conserved nuclear localization signal. The DSCAM ICD is released by γ‐secretase‐dependent cleavage, and both the DSCAM and DSCAML1 ICDs efficiently translocate to the nucleus. Furthermore, RNA sequencing confirms that expression of the DSCAM as well as the DSCAML1 ICDs alone can profoundly alter the expression of genes associated with neuronal differentiation and apoptosis, as well as synapse formation and function. Gain‐of‐function experiments using primary cortical neurons show that increasing the levels of either the DSCAM or the DSCAML1 ICD leads to an impairment of neurite growth. Strikingly, increased expression of either full‐length DSCAM or the DSCAM ICD, but not the DSCAML1 ICD, significantly decreases synapse numbers in primary hippocampal neurons. Taken together, we identified a novel membrane‐to‐nucleus signaling mechanism by which DSCAM receptors can alter the expression of regulators of neuronal differentiation and synapse formation and function. Considering that chromosomal duplications lead to increased DSCAM expression in trisomy 21, our findings may help uncover novel mechanisms contributing to intellectual disability in Down syndrome.


Temporal masking of clicks by noise was investigated using forward and backward masking paradigms. The level and duration of the noise and temporal separation, Δt, between the click and noise were varied. There are three primary findings. First, for Δt less than 1 msec, as the noise level increased by 20 dB the click threshold increased by 20 dB. Between 1 and 10 msec the increase depended on Δt, so that the signal‐to‐noise ratio was not preserved. Second, the duration of the masker did not greatly affect the click threshold when Δt was brief (0.1 msec) or long (100 msec). For intermediate Δt's, the threshold increased by as much as 30 dB as the noise duration increased from 1 to 625 msec. Third and finally, for very brief Δt's, under some conditions, detectability actually improved as the click was moved closer to the noise. The theoretical implications of these results are discussed in terms of various theories of temporal integration.


We present cross-section upper limits for the production of narrow states produced in 15. 5-GeV & N collisions, in coincidence with single muons. These limits are derived from an invariant-mass search involving all charged-hadron tracks in the final state, as observed in a large streamer chamber. We also give upper limits for the production of muon-associated Ao and K particles. Transient magnetic fields have been observed from a phase shift of the time-differen- tial perturbed angular correlation of ~~F nuclei recoiling into a nickel host. The Larmor precession associated with the phase shift grossly exceeds the Lindhard and Winther prediction. A spin-dependent electron-promotion mechanism via molecular orbitals is suggested which results in an intermittent &-shell spin polarization.


Antibiotic resistance is of grave concern clinically, more so in quinolone-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates that causes complicated infections. In this study, the potency of Hyptis spicigera leaf extract against some pathogenic microorganisms is described. Minimum bacterial concentration of the leaf extract in five different solvents were tested at five different concentrations (0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/ml). All the solvent extracts showed effective bactericidal potency at 2.5 mg/ml. The phytochemistry of the leaf extracts revealed the presence of tannins, sterols, alkaloids, saponin glycosides and flavonoids. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Neisseria gonorrhae andCandida albicans exhibited the greatest resistance to the bactericidal potency ofH. spicigera leaf extract with high MBC at 5 mg/ml for all the extracts of H. spicigera screened.

 Key words: Hyptis spicigera, antimicrobial resistance, Klebsiella pneumoniae,Neisseria gonorrhea, sensitivity, minimum bactericidal concentration.


The application of the weak-beam method of electron microscopy to the measurement of the separation of partial dislocations < 2.0 nm is discussed. The accuracy of the experimental results is analysed, and approximations in obtaining values of the stacking-fault energy, γ, are outlined.


In this paper,we developed running assessment software of LNG public transport vehicles for Guiyang Public Transport Company.The user-friendly software has the following functions: inquiring the technical parameters,running data and maintenance records of the vehicle,analyzing economical and dynamic characteristics and environmental influence of public transport vehicles,assessing of LNG station running management,inquiring regulations of LNG running system,etc.


This report deals with the determination of how natural gas is stored in Devonian shales and what the theoretical implications of the storage mechanisms are. Isotherm measurements show that approximately 50% of the methane present in shale is either dissolved in other fluids or is adsorbed; the remainder exists as gas in the pore spaces of the shale matrix. The interrelationship of mercury-porosimetry measurements, and helium and methane isotherm determinations are discussed. The possible potential of NMR as a tool for determining the nature of adsorption on the shales is explored. The errors and accuracy of isotherm determination is discussed. Different natural gas components have different isotherms in Devonian shale. One implication of this is that production from fractured reservoirs of shale ought to fluctuate in response to wellbore pressure fluctuations. Relevant results from both an analytical model and a new numerical simulator are presented.


Objective:To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of Valsartan combined with Amlodipine in treatment of essential hypertension.Methods:Eighty-one patients with essential hypertension were stochastically divided into group A,group B and group C(n=27).Group A was treated with Valsartan of 80 mg per time and one time a day,group B was treated with Amlodipine of 10 mg per time and one time a day and group C was treated with Valsartan of 40 mg per time and one time a day and Amlodipine of 5 mg per time and one time a day orally respectively.Results:The blood pressure of patients in three groups was obviously dropped(P0.01) and the effective rate of group C was specially higher than that of another two groups after treatment of 4 weeks in the three groups but there was no significant difference(P0.05).Conclusion: Valsartan combined with Amlodipine may achieve an ideal therapeutic effect in treatment of essential hypertension under small dosage conditions.


Currently the business world faces a new era of competition is very tight.For example in the trade industry, the strictness of a competition requirescompanies to be more active in promoting its products. By applying the strategy or the right marketing methods, business must be better prepared to deal with that era. Moreover in this era of globalization, appears a new phenomenon of global consumer (global consumers), as a result the company must improve competitiveness to maintain the continuity of their business through various improvements, both in terms of pricing, promotion, product quality, distribution, sales and service strategies . Represent improvements that must be done by a company, in terms of personal selling islami is a method appropriate promotional strategies to achieve corporate objectives in the face of this globalization era. In making a purchase, one will go through several stages of the buying decision process consisting of problem recognition, information search, alternative evaluation, purchase decision and behavior after purchase. With personal selling have direct effects that arise in face-to-face meetings between sellers and buyers, where there is communication of the necessary factors to influence the decision to purchase or use of psychological factors in order to persuade and to give courage to the time of purchase decisions with the goal of keeping the sales transaction


The Department of Energy has established specifications for the DWPF product, which require that the DWPF provide estimates of the service life of the canister label, provide assurance that the DWPF canister will be leaktight when shipped, demonstrate that the contents of the canistered waste form will not lead to internal corrosion of the canister. The DWPF has elected to meet these requirements, in part, by characterizing canisters produced in the facility during the Startup Test Program. This includes canisters filled on the pour turntable (normal conditions) and canisters filled on the drain turntable (credible upset conditions expected to be more severe due to higher temperatures). This document identifies the requirements for characterization of the canister fabrication welds and canister labels (characterization of canister closure welds is being performed by Equipment Engineering Section), and for estimation of their service life in DWPF`s Glass Waste Storage Building.


The experimental and theoretical researches of using of the hydrodynamic radiators at the oil fields of the Perm district, carried out by PermNIPIneft since 1970-th years till present time, are reviewed. The results of the experiments on the influence of the hydrodynamic radiators on the oil production fluids (sewage, water, water- and oil emulsions, plug fluids) and the well zone of the oil bed, are described. The recommendations on raising the effectiveness of the sonic radiation are given.


An experimental and theoretical study was made of the influence of an axial magnetic field on the frequency shifts in a two-mode He?Ne/CH4 laser with a controlled intermode coupling. It was found that by subjecting the active medium to a relatively weak axial magnetic field (20?100 Oe) one could eliminate the shift of a resonance peak relative to the central frequency of an absorption line. These results represent a further improvement in the frequency reproducibility of two-mode He?Ne/CH lasers.


The measurement of performance, or performance monitoring, is a requirement of the National Land Transport Transition Act (2000). At the same time performance measurement is also required from transport planning authorities at the local sphere of government through the Municipal Systems Act (2000). Through the activities in and around the recent World Summit for Sustainable Development (2002), the debate about performance monitoring has been re-opened in terms of the meaning of sustainable transport in the developing world. The paper will firstly look at the linkage between performance measurement and decision–making. This will be followed by a look at some international ideas about sustainable development and its measurement within the transport sector. From the literature it can be deduced that there is a major difference between traditional transport planning and transport planning in support of sustainability. The second part of the paper will look at key performance indicators measured in Johannesburg at the end of 2002 and the beginning of 2003 in terms of the draft National Land Transport Strategic Framework (2002) and the Gauteng Provincial Land Transport Framework (2002). Some of these measurements were done in terms of data derived from the 1996 census. Some analysis will be done on the relevance of these measures to cities in South Africa, which have dual economies with a mix of modern and developing sectors. The third part of the paper will look at some emerging patterns and critically analyse the measured KPIs against other KPIs that are perhaps more relevant to South Africa given the authors' emphasis on sustainable transport. The paper will be concluded with recommendations on the relevance of the current transport KPIs to cities in South Africa.


The article sets a task to define the role of political and economic factors in the transformation of international sports movement. The author analyzes the causes, mechanisms and consequences of the politicization and commercialization of sport and comes to the conclusion that as a result of the natural convergence of the interests of state, business and sport international sports movement loses its independent character and turns into a political and business process. However in return it acquires new resources for the development in the form of additional finance and interest on the part of mass media.


The issue of global warming and the proposed geological carbon sequestration have increased the interests in the supercritical CO2 (scCO2) and brine/water as two-phase flow system in porous medium. Like other two-phase flow systems in porous media, the capillary pressure (Pc), relative permeability (Kr) and electrical properties (e.g., bulk electrical conductivity (σb) and bulk dielectric constant (eb) ) of the fluid-fluid-porous media systems can be used as the characterization parameters since they are all functions of water saturation (S). But the non-uniqueness of these functions pose challenges to their applications in the efficient and reliable monitoring of the subsurface processes involving two-phase flow system, especially CO2-water/brine system. This work invetsigates the non-uniqueness in the Pc-S, eb-S and σb-S relationships for scCO2-brine/water system in silicate and carbonate media. The work further explore the application of silicone rubber as membrane in the detection of CO2 leakage in the subsurface.Finally, simple criteria is established to distinguish the presence of various gases in the subsurface and design simple household application of the leakage detection system.


The invention discloses a polyurethane (PU) energy gathering building wall brick, which is prepared by the following steps: mixing isocyanate and polyether polyol in a molar ratio of 1:1, pouring, forming and demolding to obtain the finished energy gathering brick. The polyether polyol consists of the following substances in part by weight: 80 to 120 parts of polyether, 1 to 5 parts of crosslinking agent, 1 to 5 parts of foam stabilizer, 1 to 3 parts of water, 1 to 3 parts of composite catalyst and 5 to 10 parts of flame retardant. The PU energy gathering building wall brick has the advantages that 1, the PU energy gathering building wall brick is thin, and has high heat resistance and high heat insulation and preservation properties; 2, a wall brick material is acid-resistant, alkali-resistant and solvent-resistant, and has ageing resistance and durability; 3, the PU energy gathering building wall brick is light in load and high in compressive strength; and 4, the PU energy gathering building wall brick is environment-friendly and economic, and has obvious economic and social benefits.


OBJECTIVES: There is variation in microbiology testing among PICU patients with fever offering opportunities to reduce avoidable testing and treatment. Our objective is to describe the development and assess the impact of a novel comprehensive testing algorithm to support judicious testing practices and expanded diagnostic differentials for PICU patients with new fever or instability. DESIGN: A mixed-methods quality improvement study. SETTING: Single-center academic PICU and pediatric cardiac ICU. SUBJECTS: Admitted PICU patients and physicians. INTERVENTIONS: A multidisciplinary team developed a clinical decision-support algorithm. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We evaluated blood, endotracheal, and urine cultures, urinalyses, and broad-spectrum antibiotic use per 1,000 ICU patient-days using statistical process control charts and incident rate ratios (IRRs) and assessed clinical outcomes 24 months pre- and 18 months postimplementation. We surveyed physicians weekly for 12 months postimplementation. Blood cultures declined by 17% (IRR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.77–0.89), endotracheal cultures by 26% (IRR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.63–0.86), and urine cultures by 36% (IRR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.56–0.73). There was an anticipated rise in urinalysis testing by 23% (IRR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.14–1.33). Despite higher acuity and fewer brief hospitalizations, mortality, hospital, and PICU readmissions were stable, and PICU length of stay declined. Of the 108 physician surveys, 46 replied (43%), and 39 (85%) recently used the algorithm; 0 reported patient safety concerns, two (4%) provided constructive feedback, and 28 (61%) reported the algorithm improved patient care. CONCLUSIONS: A comprehensive fever algorithm was associated with reductions in blood, endotracheal, and urine cultures and anticipated increase in urinalyses. We detected no patient harm, and physicians reported improved patient care.


Ageing of population urges healthcare organizers to review the forms and methods of medical aid delivery to senior citizens. A special attention should be paid to geriatric hospital aid administration.


Spatial patterns in prokaryotic biodiversity and production were assessed in the Mackenzie shelf region of the Beaufort Sea during open-water conditions. The sampling transect extended 350 km northwards, from upstream freshwater sites in the Mackenzie River to coastal and offshore sites, towards the edge of the perennial arctic ice pack. The analyses revealed strong gradients in community structure and prokaryotic cell concentrations, both of which correlated with salinity. Picocyanobacterial abundance was low (10 2 to 10 3 cells ml -1 ), particularly at the offshore stations that were least influenced by the river plume. Analysis by catalyzed reporter deposition for fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH) showed that the dominant heterotrophic cell types were β-Proteobacteria at river sites, shifting to dominance by α-Proteobacteria offshore. Cells in the Cytophaga-Flavobacter-Bacteroides and γ-Proteobacteria groups each contributed 10% of counts in the marine samples. Archaea were detected among the surface-water microbiota, contributing on average 1.3% of the total DAPI counts in marine samples, but 6.0% in turbid coastal and riverine waters. 3 H-leucine uptake rates were significantly higher at 2 stations influenced by the river (1.5 pmol l -1 h -1 ) than at other marine stations or in the river itself (≤0.5 pmol -1 h -1 ). Size-fractionation experiments at 2 coastal sites showed that >65% of heterotrophic production was associated with particles >3 µm. These results indicate the importance of particle- attached prokaryotes, and imply a broad functional diversity of heterotrophic microbes that likely facilitates breakdown of the heterogeneous dissolved and particulate terrestrial materials discharged into arctic seas.


Inlet jet parameters are one of the influencing factors on microclimate parameters in rooms. There are many solutions of air distributing technique. Some of them are widespread; others are special purposes solutions and applied on sporadic objects. Nevertheless, there is not enough detailed classification of jet control methods, used in the air distributing solutions. In this work, such classification is proposed, based on thousands of inventors certificates and patents. For easier classification, the methods are systematized by four main groups: with flow turbulization, without significant turbulization, with flow stabilization and combined. Possibilities of jet range change is also shown. This classification is upgradable during the development of air distribution technique.


Purpose - By examining the role of farming attitudes and motivations, the aim of this paper is to provide a framework for better understanding farmers' behaviour in relation to the decision to obtain credit. Design/methodology/approach - Using a nationally representative survey of farm operators in Ireland, this paper derives explanatory variables (based on a factor analysis of respondents mean ratings of 13 attitudinal statements) representing three different farming motivations. An ordered logit model is then formulated to examine the effect of farming attitudes as well as personal characteristics and farm structural variables on the degree of indebtedness. Findings - Personal characteristics of the farmer such as age and education as well as farm structural variables such as farm size and farm system were all found to strongly affect decisions in relation to credit use. The study identified how farmers are not just driven by business related goals such as maximising profits but are also strongly motivated by productivist tendencies and perceived lifestyle benefits associated with farm work. These underlying farming motivations were, in turn, found to have a differential impact on credit use. Specifically, business orientated attitudes were found to provide a prime incentive for farmers to borrow funds. On the other hand, farmers who strongly value the benefits associated with the farming lifestyle were less likely to look for credit. Originality/value - Past research has focused on the effect of socio-demographic characteristics and farm structural variables in examining differences in farm indebtedness. This study extends this literature by specifically examining the role of farming attitudes. Obtaining a deeper understanding of the factors that affect the level of farming debt will be important as the degree of indebtedness has been found to affect farmers' management decisions. Outside of explaining farm credit use, farming attitudes and motivations may have an important impact on farmers' behaviour in relation to a variety of farm activities.


Abstract Background: New-onset diabetes mellitus (DM) and severe metabolic complications in association with COVID-19 has been reported in the literature. Studies indicate a bidirectional relationship between COVID-19 and DM. Not only does severe DM lead to an increased risk for COVID-19 complications, but COVID-19 infection itself may precipitate new-onset DM. Clinical Case: A 45-year-old male with no known past medical history and normal body mass index presented after being found unresponsive at home. One week prior to admission, he tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 virus. On admission, laboratory evaluation showed: serum glucose 1090 mg/dl [70–109 mg/dL], anion gap 31 [<12], serum sodium 159 meq/L [133–145 meq/L], serum bicarbonate 18 meq/L [23–30 meq/L], creatinine 2.9 mg/dL [0.7–1.2 mg/dL], serum osmolality 438 mosm/k [280–295 mosm/k], venous pH 7.29 [7.32–7.42], venous bicarbonate 20 mmol/L [24–28 mmol/L], lactic acid 5.0 mmol/L [0.5–2.2 mmol/L], serum acetone positive 1+, urine ketone 20, hemoglobin 16.1 g/dL [14–18.0 g/dL] and HbA1c 13.5% [4.8–5.9%]. A diagnosis of diabetes with hyperosmolarity was made and he was admitted to the medical intensive care unit for treatment. Rapid resolution of hyperglycemia and hyperosmolarity was achieved with insulin infusion and intravenous fluids. He was transitioned to subcutaneous insulin on hospital day 2 and glycemic control was maintained using a basal/bolus insulin regimen. However, he experienced a prolonged two-month hospitalization due to complications including acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring mechanical ventilation and tracheostomy placement, pleural effusions with need for chest tube placement, and acute renal failure requiring short-term hemodialysis support. He was discharged to a rehabilitation facility on insulin glargine 15 units daily. Two-months after discharge, no weight changes were noted. Insulin was discontinued due to fasting serum glucose around 100 mg/dL and HbA1c 5.9%. Six-weeks later, a random serum glucose was 135 mg/dL and HbA1c 6.6%. He remains off glucose-lowering medications to date. Conclusion: We report an interesting case of new-onset diabetes with hyperosmolarity associated with COVID-19 infection with rapid achievement of euglycemia upon resolution of viral infection. Our case adds to growing evidence demonstrating a possible diabetogenic effect due to COVID-19 infection. There is also a complex interplay between SARS-CoV-2 virus and DM leading to a higher risk for complications. Questions remain regarding the long-term effects of COVID-19 on glucose metabolism. Patients with similar clinical presentations warrant close follow-up since it may be possible to de-escalate or discontinue hypoglycemic agents.


Flexible couplings are widely used in mechanical drives of transport and other machines. A fundamental function of flexible shaft couplings regarding torsional vibration is the optimum tuning of torsional oscillating mechanical systems. At the authors' workplace, the focus is on the research and design of pneumatic couplings, where the torque is transmitted mainly by compressed gas (air) in their pneumatic flexible elements. The primary advantage of these couplings is that their mechanical properties can be quickly and effectively adjusted, especially the dynamic torsional stiffness, by air pressure change directly while the mechanical system is running. This allows us "to tune" the properties of the pneumatic coupling according to the current parameters of the machine drive to avoid resonance and minimize torsional vibration. Therefore, we tend to refer to them as "pneumatic tuners of torsional vibration". This paper aims to present two new types of these "pneumatic tuners" that were recently granted patent protections, namely "Pneumatic flexible shaft coupling with hose flexible element" and "Drum pneumatic flexible shaft coupling". Because these pneumatic tuners are not in practical use yet, this paper describes only their design and supposed benefits.


Aim of this study is to find out the views of teacher candidates on rhetorical speaking skill. For this aim, a questionnaire was used which was developed to find out the reason that prevent teacher candidates effective and good speaking, the criteria they use to determine a speaking good, their opinions about models representing the society, models the teacher candidates take, their attitude towards rhetorical speaking skill. In this research, a hundred and ninety teacher candidates ninety from first and hundred from fourth class chosen as sample who are the students of Gazi University, Education Faculty, Department of Primary School Teacher and Turkish Teacher. The first part of the research, theoretical knowledge about the rhetorical speaking skill is introduced, in the second part the method of research is mentioned and in the third part the results and their interpretation are given. In last part of research, the optained results are listed.


This biographical dictionary includes 226 biograms of editors in chief journalists executive editors and co-workers that were also described as editors. It is based on research data as well as records in ecclesiastical and state archives, libraries and registry offices. The individual lives are presented in accordance with the customary biogram template


Using our original method of interferometric data processing we have studied a radial density distribution in the flow separation range of a sphere flown in air at Mach number 2. This range contains a shock wave, a contact surface and a part of adjacent wake. The method is based on measurement of interferometric fringes and definition of light vector refraction component distributions normal to the symmetry axis. It is assumed that the interferometric picture has vertical fringes outside of the bow shock wave. The radial distributions are calculated according to the schlieren data processing. They were used for density field simulation and interferometric pictures visualization by the digital interferometry, some aspects of which were developed by authors early. The comparison of experimental interferometric pictures with the calculated pictures shows a possibility to use the considered method for study of the flow separation range. Results of the comparison are illustrated by examples of such interferometric pictures.


Four experiments were conducted using a line -by-line reading paradigm to examine the role of sentence boundaries. In Experiment 1, readers were delayed in noticing a contradiction on a target line when the sentence continued onto a post-target line. Consistent with this, in Experiment 2, target line was an intact sentence.The result of a recognition probe demonstrated that there was no significant difference between the consistent version and inconsistent version. The participants noticed the contradiction as soon as they completed reading the target line. From Experiment 1 and Experiment 2, it could be concluded that sentence boundary play an important role in reading. They may be a signal which lets the readers integrate the current sentence before they read the following sentence. The goal of Experiment 3 was to investigate whether it was necessary in discourse comprehension. The result of Experiment 3 demonstrated that sentence boundary was sufficient to facilitate the integration of related background information but not necessary. Now that the period can affect the discourse comprehension, what about the semicolon? In Experiment 4, the result showed that the semicolon made no difference in integration of current sentence. In a word, period is an influential factor to reading but semicolon not.


Advances in water and wastewater treatment in the twentieth century have transformed public health worldwide. However, as a number of World Health Organization and American Academy of Microbiology expert reports have clearly shown, we are still a long way from guaranteeing safe drinking water even in the most developed nations. This chapter attempts to identify major knowledge gaps and summarize at least some of the priorities for the future provision of safe drinking water. Obviously, the major benefits to human health are through basic hygiene and sanitation practices — still much needed areas for public health intervention in many parts of the world. However, this chapter will emphasize more research-oriented needs and priorities. These include the need for a better understanding of biofilms and their control, improvements in risk assessment methodologies, the emergence of new disease, the balance between pathogens and disinfection-by-products, and the future promise of rapidly developing technologies.


Do schools as a collective unit of educators change their beliefs about curriculum and instructional issues over time in such a way that the quality of education they offer improves? This is one of the significant questions that both professional educators and the American public must answer. Some say: Yes. Our schools have changed their beliefs about curriculum and instruction over the years, and the changes are for the better. A larger percentage of children is in schoolfor more years of their life than ever before, children are being exposed to a broader range of ideas than ever before, and the majority of them are learning more than ever before. Others say: Yes. Ourschools have changed their beliefs about curriculum and instruction over time, but the change has been for the worse This is partially because educational expectations for our schools have lowered and as a result, schools demand less of themselves and their students. Still others say: No. Our schools have not changed theirphilosophical underpinnings in anyfundamental way over the years. The negligible changes we see must be interpreted from Sarason's perspective that "the more things change the more they stay the same. " ' The insignificant changes taking place within our schools are simply natural 'swings of the pendulum" that are inherent in our educational system. A related question is: Do the educators who run our schools-both teachers and administrators-change their beliefs about curriculum and instructtonal issues over the span of their careers? This is a critical question to answer if we want to answer the larger question mentioned above. It is also a critical question to answer If we want to understand what is occurring in our schools or if we want to learn how to influence change systematically within our schools. This research investigates educators' perceptions about the types of changes that occur within their beliefs about curriculum over time. It specifically examines the changes in curriculum teology--or philosophy-that


Agarwood is a precious traditional Chinese medicine with a variety of pharmacological effects. Although efforts have been made in elucidating the mechanism of agarwood formation, little progress is obtained till now. Therefore, the molecular mechanism of agarwood formation needs to be further explored using different biological approaches. In this study, the quantitative proteomic analysis using iTRAQ technology combined with transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses on chemically induced Aquilaria sinensis is performed to elucidate the agarwood formation mechanism by formic acid stimulus. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD007586; 1884 proteins are detected, 504 differential proteins that show at least twofold differences in their expression levels are selected based on GO annotations, KEGG, STRING analysis, and quantitative RT‐PCR analysis. The results indicate that sesquiterpene synthase, germin‐like protein, pathogenesis‐related protein, 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, lipoyl synthase, and superoxide dismutase play important roles in the agarwood formation, suggesting that the proteins related to the plant defensive response, the removal of peroxide, the disease‐resistance, the biosythesis of glycan, fatty acids, and sesquiterpene are crucial for agarwood formation.


Government initiatives are continuously being invested to nurture supporting business environment for small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), such as government-support ERP systems project for SMEs. As such, scholars need to pay attention to SMEs can successfully adopt and manage government-support ERP systems. This study, therefore, conceptually developed and tested a research model for understanding what factors influence SMEs' intention to adopt government-support ERP systems. We obtained thirty samples from SMEs, which is organizational level, and data were analyzed using the partial least square (PLS) technique. The results of data analysis found that institutional pressure and resource dependence had positive effects on the adoption of government-support ERP systems. On the other hand, risk aversion of SMEs was found to have negative effects to adopt government-support ERP systems.


The social stratification is aggravating along with the system reform of education charges at the period of transition in our country. Under this social background, we try to reveal educational justice problem and social justice problem through analyzing the educational consumption disparity between different families.


Welcome to the third issue of the 23rd volume of the American Journal of Evaluation (AJE). In past years, the third issue would be the last one of the year. As has been reported previously in "From the Editor,"AJE has moved from three to four issues per year in 2002, so another issue will be appearing to round out this volume. In this issue,James R. Sanders opens theArticles section with a paper based on his 2001 Presidential Address to the American Evaluation Association (AEA). Sanders' focus is on "mainstreaming evaluation," that is, on the process of making evaluation an integral and ongoing part of organizational life. In other words, according to Sanders, when evaluation has been mainstreamed it is truly part of the culture and everyday practices of an organization. Sanders offers his conceptualization of mainstreaming, including how mainstreaming differs from related topics such as institutionalization of evaluation and evaluation capacity building. He describes the costs of failing to mainstream evaluation. Sanders also offers his views of what things will look like in an organization where evaluation has become mainstreamed. Perhaps most importantly, Sanders identifies ways that evaluators can help move organizations toward mainstreaming evaluation. As I was preparing the introduction to this issue of AJE, Sanders' discussion of mainstreaming evaluation stimulated me to think about a different kind of mainstreaming. What is mainstreamedwithin evaluation? What ideas and issues have entered the mainstream in the field of evaluation? What is it that we are talking about? And what issues and ideas are moving into the mainstream of our thoughts, conversations, and debates? Some topics clearly seem to be in the mainstream of evaluators' current thinking, while other seem to be about to move from a tributary into the main stream (to carry this metaphor well beyond excess, other topics appear to be up the proverbial creek without a paddle). Sanders' topic itself is the latest example of a growing wave (that metaphor again!) of interest in the more general topic of how evaluation can become routinized and integrated into organizations and their ongoing processes. The previous Presidential Address to AEA, by Leviton (2001) , dealt with building evaluation capacity, a topic that Sanders notes is closely related to mainstreaming. Similar concerns were raised by several of the contributors to the recent special issue of AJE on the "Past, Present, Future: Assessments of the Field of Evaluation" (issue 22/3), includingSanders' (2001) own contribution to that issue. In short, the topic of mainstreaming, along with related topics such as capacity building, seems to have entered the mainstream of evaluators' professional thought. Sanders' Presidential Address will help move the flow of thought along considerably. The theme of mainstreaming and capacity building is central to several other articles in this issue.Michael S. Trevisan discusses evaluation capacity within a specific organizational context, that is, K-12 school counseling programs. Trevisan uses a framework that was developed for the AEA 2000 annual meeting, which had capacity building as its theme. He uses that framework to organize a review and analysis of the literature on evaluation in school counseling programs. Trevisan conducted this review of the literature to assess the extent to which evaluation capacity in school counseling programs is enhanced or hindered by several categories of factors. These include resources, workforce and professional development, and


With every passing day, huge number of information is exchanged, gathered over the electronics mean. This needs to aware users about their database security and how to handle it. Though, this is a more complex process for large organizations having massive amount of data in the warehouses, legacy systems, flat files, etc. This paper has proposed new method of protecting database using dynamic certificates for each query sent to the database. This dynamically generated encrypted query is more secure than the original query. Also, we have developed a very own Database Management System to test our security mechanism.


Chlamydia has attracted increased attention as a possible cause of atheromatous plaques, cerebrovascular diseases, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. The Chlamydia species are obligate intracellular parasites. The unique biphasic life cycle of Chlamydia permits the parasite to persist in cells for years. Acute Chlamydia infections can be recognized serologically in the peripheral blood through observation of rising antibody titers or molecularly using various PCR methods. However, the identification of chronic Chlamydia infection is hampered by many hurdles. This has initiated controversial discussions about the true involvement of Chlamydia, particularly in the CNS. The aspects of the discussion will be inspected as well as the vulnerability of the neuronal MHC to immune reactions.


Full research paper—Team configuration, work practices, and communication have a considerable impact on the outcomes of student software projects. This study observes 150 college students who first individually solve exercises and then carry out a class project in teams of three. All projects had the same requirements. We analyzed how students' behavior on individual pre-project exercises predict team project outcomes, investigated how students' time management practices affected other team members, and analyzed how students divided their work among peers. Our results indicate that teams consisting of only low-performing students were the most dysfunctional in terms of workload balance, whereas teams with both low-and high-performing students performed almost as well as teams consisting of only high-performing students. This suggests that teams should combine students of varying skill levels rather than allowing teams with only low performers or letting students to form teams without constraints. We also observed that individual students' poor time management practices impair their teammates' time management. This underlines the importance of encouraging good time management practices. Most teams reported that they divided tasks in a way that is beneficial for the acquisition of technical skills rather than collaboration and communication skills. Only a few teams assigned tasks so that students would have worked only on tasks they already knew and thus felt most comfortable to work with.


Intelligent Networks or Smart Grids rely on four main pillars: automation, smart metering, distributed generation and energy storage. The implementation of these four pillars involves the definition of data communication network architectures. The wireless transmission technology Brazilian Journal of Development Braz. J. of Develop., Curitiba, v. 6, n. 7, p. 5400554013 jul. 2020. ISSN 2525-8761 54006 proposed here is long range (tens and even hundreds of kilometers, depending on the application conditions), such as LoRa (Long Range) technology, and low power consumption, configuring a LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network). The sensoring/monitoring proposed here is the result of the work entitled "Comparison of devices using CC1101 transceivers as a proposal for an advanced infrastructure network of 915MHz measurement for Smart Metering", presented at the BTSym 2017 (Brazilian Technology Symposium 2017), developed by master students of the Energy Efficiency Research Group of PUC-Campinas. From the analyses presented in this work, the idea of using a long range wireless technology for monitoring different types of magnitudes and an Intelligent Electrical Network emerged. Thus, this work aimed to analyze the use of long range wireless technology for applications in Smart Grids (Intelligent Networks) in the intelligent measurement of electrical energy.


Aspects of the legislation that affects the excavation and export of fossils from China are reviewed in the context of the illegal removal of material, as well as problems shared in common with fossil protection legislation in other territories. Issues that surround a clear definition of terminology, as well as the consequences of poor terminology in such legislation, are highlighted, as well as the question of the propriety of the application of cultural legislation to palaeontological objects. Examples are given of ways in which foreign researchers can work legally with institutions in China on Chinese fossil material, as models of best practice to be followed. © 2014 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014, 113, 694–706.


OBJECTIVE: To define screening behaviors, attitudes, and beliefs regarding cancer and its treatment among women with cervical cancer. METHODS: Between August 2000 and July 2002, 148 consecutive women with invasive cervical cancer were queried about barriers to screening. Women presented to outpatient clinics, emergency departments, or inpatient units of 3 urban hospitals. Two groups of women were identified: those who denied having had a Papanicolaou (Pap) test and those who had recalled having Pap test in the past. Responses were compared using t tests, &khgr;2 tests, and binary logistic regression. RESULTS: The 146 (99%) respondents were predominantly African Americans (50%) or Hispanic (27%). Thirty-six (25%) women reported no prior screening. Women never screened were significantly more likely to be Hispanic (odds ratio [OR] 3.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4–6.7), recent immigrants (OR 5.7, 95% CI 2.0–16), less educated (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.6–8.0), and uninsured (OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.6–9.7). They were more likely to lack family support (adjusted OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.1–11) and lack knowledge about their risk for cervical cancer (adjusted OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.1–6.4). Unscreened women displayed fatalistic attitudes, believing cancer is bad luck (adjusted OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.0–6.9) and not wanting to know they had cancer (adjusted OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.0–9.4).. CONCLUSION: We have identified factors and beliefs that are barriers to Pap test screening in urban cervical cancer patients. Further studies should evaluate effects of addressing cultural, cognitive, and financial barriers on Pap test compliance. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III


Chloroma is a rare solid tumor, occurring in 1% of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. It consists of focal masses of extramedullary immature myeloid cells that infiltrate various tissues [1±4]. Treatment is essentially based on chemotherapy [5], with additional radiotherapy and/or surgery being considered in particular cases. Solitary chloroma of the oral tongue in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome (a preleukemic state) is extremely rare. We describe such a patient who was treated successfully with primary radiation therapy.


In relation to its population, New Zealand has a high rate of immigration, and these immigrants are concentrated in the primate city of Auckland. This study considers the settlement of Chinese migrants in Auckland and considers their spatial distribution using the concept of 'ethnoburb'. The location of Chinese residents and businesses is mapped and analysed to consider whether the concept of ethnoburb is useful in this context, which has similarities and differences from the Los Angeles context in which the concept was originally proposed. The areas where Chinese clustering is greatest are identified, and the characteristics of the residents of these clusters are compared. Distinctive differences in terms of age, ethnic diversity, migrant origin, education, occupation, and Chinese business concentration are apparent between different areas, and this has lead us to hypothesise that these areas can be described as distinctive ethnoburbs, rather than a single homogeneous ethnoburb. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The measurement of micro components and microstructures leads to special requirements of measuring gauges. State-of-the-art Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopes (LSM) are suited to meet these requirements. The paper shows examples of effective and accurate analyses of micro tools, micro components, and micro structures with a LSM. It becomes clear, that measurements with a confocal LSM lead to verifiable results in a very fast and simple way. Introduction The manufacturing of micro components of a volume smaller than 1 mm3 is of increasing importance for industry. Recently achieved technological improvements for the manufacturing of these components lead to a steadily increasing number of applications. The transfer of optimized traditional manufacturing technologies to micro system technology allows the manufacturing of smallest three-dimensional structures with accurate dimensions and geometries. Though, traditional measurement principles are often not sufficient to specify the manufactured structures. In contrast, the requirements on the quality of micro products are very high and are even growing by the increasing miniaturization /1/. For the measurement of microstructures, a measurement system has to be chosen that meets the following requirements: • measurement of structure dimensions in a range of (sub-) micrometers with nanometer accuracy, • damage-free measurement, • wide measuring range, • high vertical and lateral resolution, • 3D measuring, • various measuring possibilities (roughness, waviness, form accuracy, macroscopic geometry characteristics), • high measuring speed with high measuring accuracy, • simple use and • possibility of automation. Components are micro-scaled components (e.g. micro gear wheels), small components with variable micro structures (e.g. lab-on-chip structures) and macroscopic components with even or uneven microstructured surfaces (e.g. dies or foils with structure dimensions in the range of a few micrometers). These examples demonstrate that the quantity, the material, and the dimensions of the basic geometry of manufactured workpieces are absolutely variable. Furthermore, measurements have to be carried out under laboratory conditions as well as under production conditions. American Society for Precision Engineering 93 In case of measuring micro structures, the use of measuring systems is limited because of the dimensions of the gauge and a possible damaging of the surface. High performance measuring systems such as Atomic-Force-Microscopes (AFM) have extremely high resolutions, their measuring period, however, is far too long. It is especially the AFM, which is limited to a few micrometers in the vertical range. Optical systems such as auto-focus measuring systems or interferometers have typical disadvantages measuring steep slopes or structures with high aspect ratios. State-of-the-art confocal laser scanning microscopes (LSM) are suited to meet the requirements listed above. The advantages like excellent contrast, the suppression of scattered light and improvement of lateral resolution are well-known /2/. The use of modern and efficient drive systems and computers results in further crucial advantages. Requirements of the daily use of confocal LSM are subject to research and are often transferred to commercial products /3/. Measurement Tasks Two representative examples of the great variety of possible measuring tasks are used to explain the functionality of confocal LSM for the analysis of micro structures. These examples are shown in figure 1 and 2 as SEM images. The measurement tasks at these components are multifaceted and challenging. The exact knowledge of the measuring task and basic knowledge about the measuring principle are the prerequisites of accurate measuring results. Example 1 (Figure 1) shows a triple-edged micro end mill with a diameter of 0.5 mm. It serves the measurement of the topography of the face and the wear characteristics (cutting edge radius and crater wear) visible in this view. A hot embossing tool is shown in figure 2. The tool is manufactured by path programmed electrical discharge machining (EDM) with rotating pin electrode. The dimensions x, y, z are 2 mm x 2 mm x 1 mm. One of the measuring tasks is to analyze the process and any changes in the tool length by accurate measurement of the path bottom. Another task is the analysis of the cavity profile to measure the wear of the tool diameter. This also requires the measurement and the depiction of the slopes. Figure 1: Micro End Mill Figure 2: Hot Embossing Tool 2003 Winter Topical Meeting Volume 28 94 Measurements and Results


Research and utilization on four types of male sterile watermelon in China were summarized. These types of male sterile were glabrous male sterile, G17AB male sterile, dwarf male sterile and translocation male sterile. The results showed that G17AB male sterile, dwarf male sterile had lower utilization value, glabrous male sterile were worthy of further research and could be used indirectly, translocation male sterile could be applied directly but limited because of complex process and bad fertility result in lower seed yield, high cost of seed production. It should be the research and utilization direction to study and explore higher utilization value with no bad characters male sterile, gynoecious and chemic castration lines of watermelon in the future.


Noise-induced hearing loss is, at present, incurable and irreversible, however, it is definitely preventable, therefore the implementation of adequate preventive programmes is essential. Specific measures for the prevention and control of exposure to noise are discussed in detail elsewhere in this document; however, it is important to keep in mind that such measures should not be implemented in an ad hoc manner but as part of a comprehensive strategy. The objective of this chapter is to discuss basic principles for hazard prevention and control programmes and their management, relating them to the prevention of noise exposure and associated effects, whenever relevant. A programme to protect workers from the effects of hazardous noise exposure in the workplace is often called a "hearing conservation programme". However, rather than an isolated effort, this should preferably be integrated into the overall hazard prevention and control programme of the workplace in question. Hazard prevention and control programmes should be designed to meet the specific needs of each situation, in view of the existing hazards and of the many other factors that characterize a workplace; furthermore, programmes should be adaptable to new scientific and technological developments, as well as to eventual changes in the socio-economic context. As previously seen, noise control programmes are often mentioned or defined by national legislation or international standardization. For example, the ISO 11690-1 states that:


The spatial and temporal association between lamprophyres and kimberlites provides unique opportunities to explore their genetic relationships. This paper explores such a relationship by detailing mineralogical and geochemical aspects of Korakkodu lamprophyre dykes located within the well‐known Mesoproterozoic diamondiferous Wajrakarur Kimberlite field (WKF), towards the south‐western margin of Paleo–Mesoproterozoic Cuddapah Basin, Eastern Dharwar Craton, southern India. Mineralogy reveals that these dykes belong to calc‐alkaline variety of lamprophyres, but their geochemistry display mixed signals of both alkaline and calc‐alkaline lamprophyres. These lamprophyres are highly potassic, and their high Al2O3 and low‐TiO2 content implies a shoshonitic character. Low Mg#, Ni, and Cr concentration highlight their evolved nature. High (La/Yb)N and (Gd/Yb)N content is consistent with their derivation from low degrees of partial melting, whereas highly fractionated nature suggests the presence of garnet in their source. Absence of prominent Nb‐Ta anomaly implies to the dilution of lithospheric mantle source by melts rich in HFSEs and low La/Nb ratio compared to those of the calc‐alkaline island arc volcanics and suggests an asthenospheric overprint on lithospheric mantle source. Carbonatite metasomatism in the source region of these lamprophyres is apparent from conspicuously high‐Zr/Hf ratio, and the HFSE budget of these lamprophyres are principally controlled by the presence of phlogopite veins in their lithospheric source. An extremely heterogeneous and layered lithospheric mantle beneath Eastern Dharwar Craton has been inferred from the divergent genetic history of Mesoproterozoic lamprophyres and kimberlites in the Wajrakarur field.


Design originality with the auto skylight,the technology and main performance index are summarized for the design-test-manufactures of electric glass skylight in flat roof.Combined with the application of green roofs,the new scuttle can effectively improve the living environment,and make energysaving ecological building.Industrialization of production of the new scuttle will promote business application.