The objective of this work is to study the electrical characteristics of a nanoscale SOI Tri-Gate n-channel fin field-effect transistor (FinFET) structure with 8 nm gate length using Semiconductor TCAD tools. ATLASTM tools are computer programs which allow for the creation, fabrication, and simulation of semiconductor devices in three dimensions with different models under consideration. The drain current, transconductance, threshold voltage, subthreshold slope, leakage current, drain induced barrier lowering, and IOn/IOff current ratio are analyzed in the various biasing configuration. In addition, FinFET device with a high value of gate dielectric constant exhibits much better performance compared to the Si3N4 dielectric material, which is desirable for high performance low-power/low-voltage applications. It is found that increasing the high-k value was beneficial in reducing the subthreshold slope, DIBL, and leakage current. General Terms Integrated Circuit, VLSI, FinFET Device Modeling.


Some chromosome  rearrangements,  including translocations and pericentric inversions, make their heterozygous carriers semisterile because recombination within the arrangement yields aneuploid gametes. This heterozygous  disadvantage  (underdominance) produces an unstable equilibrium in a population, so that a newly arising rearrangement is usually eliminated quickly. Other evidence for the disadvantage of these karyotypes comes from Drosophila species, which are frequently polymorphic for paracentric inversions (these are  not  underdominant),  but almost never polymorphic for pericentric inversions and translocations. Closely related Drosophila species, however, often differ by fixed pericentric inversions and translocations (STONE 1955). This implies that some evolutionary lineages passed through a maladaptive phase when many individuals were heterozygous. It is difficult to explain these transitions because they would be opposed by natural selection. The usual solution to this problem invokes genetic drift or inbreeding, which can fix underdominant chromosome arrangements in the face of selection. This often requires very small populations, however (LANDE 1979; HEDRICK 198 l), and other explanations have been sought. One suggestion is that such arrangements could be linked to alleles causing positive meiotic drive, a force that can cause fixation if sufficiently strong (HIRAIZUMI, SANDLER and CROW 1960; WHITE 1978; HEDRICK 198 1). This explanation is difficult to test. Because meiotic drive is seen only in heterozygotes, a drive allele becomes undetectable when it is fixed regardless of whether it is linked to a new chromosome arrangement. There are several ways to overcome this problem. One could determine, for example, whether new chromosome arrangements show abnormal segregation in heterozygotes. Although this may seem unlikely, distorted segregation ratios were described for six out of ten newly arising heterozygous translocations and inversions in Rumex acetosa (WILBY and PARKER 1988), although these authors did not rule out viability selection as a cause of the deviations from Mendelian ratios. It is thus possible for such rearrangements to segregate in a non-Mendelian way, but this does not tell us whether such segregation caused the evolutionary fixation of new karyotypes. Alternatively, fixed meiotic drive alleles might be detected by crossing related species and examining segregation ratios in interspecific hybrids. These hy-


he novels, short stories, and plays that collectively form Kurt Vonnegut's literary canon are unique in that they can be read two ways—as autonomous texts that in and of themselves contain meaning and as parts of a larger whole. Thus the question emerges: What, to borrow Henry James' phrase, is "the string" on which Vonnegut's "pearls are strung?" The answer can be found in a fan letter printed in the prologue to Vonnegut's 1979 novel Jailbird:


In the supercritical amphoteric branching processes with independent and identically distributed random environments,it is shown that,under the some conditions,there exist constants 0α1,α2+∞,0C1,C2+∞,such that the extinction probability starting with N individuals is bounded below by C1N-α1 and above by C2N-α2 for sufficiently large N.


Near vertical incidence skywave (NVIS) antennas intended for vehicle mounting offer limited scope for development given the usually severe size constraints that apply at typical NVIS frequencies (2-10 MHz). We present the results of research aimed at achieving an optimised antenna for this application when mounted on a typical "Land Rover"-sized vehicle, and particularly in producing a design procedure for such antennas. Previous work confirmed that a vertically orientated loop is the most effective antenna configuration, while Liu (see PhD thesis, University of Liverpool, p.123, 1999), and Austin and Liu (see Elec. Letts, vol.35, p.252-54, 1999) showed that appropriate capacitive loading of the loop has an especially desirable effect on its current distribution, and hence on the amount of energy radiated towards the zenith. Since the current distribution around the electrically small loop is akin to that on a short transmission line a suitable transmission line model of this antenna has been developed as an aid in its design.


1. Hard Cases in Journalism Ethics 2. The Role of Ethical Theory 3. The Paradigm Case as Ethical Standard 4. Using Case Comparisons to Make Ethical Choices 5. Evaluating Ethical Judgments 6. Causistry and Newsroom Policy 7. The Janie Blacksburg Case: Casuistry in Action


Abstract.
 Monitoring and control programs for yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti (L.), usually do not focus on the egg as a potential target for control. The egg is the most numerous life stage but is invisible to conventional inspection by a sticky pad that attaches it. This laboratory study evaluated the potential ovicidal effect of five commonly used plastics. Plastic liners in oviposition containers were exposed to gravid female mosquitoes in an insectary. The percentage of eggs that hatched was recorded. The plastic liners altered the places where eggs were laid, i.e., 27.0% were glued onto the plastic film, 70.0% remained floating, and 3.0% were submerged. Vinyl blocked most egg adhesion, with a mean of 7.05 ± 10.1 eggs, compared to 170.7 ± 68.6 eggs for the check. Pooled numbers of glued, floating, and submerged eggs showed fewest eggs hatched on vinyl or low-density polyethylene, resulting in the death of 94.7% of the embryos. Plastics waterproofing property might be blocking the hyaluronic acid, the component of the sticky substance of mosquito eggs. Results demonstrated the potential use of plastic strips as an ovicide. Plastics should be studied further for use in community-based programs to control dengue.


Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), a food crop of high quality protein and high in vitamins and minerals, has been grown in the Andean region for thousands of years. It has a pronounced resistance to the main adverse abiotic factors affecting crop production under the harsh conditions of the high Andes: drought, cold, and saline soils. All drought mediating mechanisms, including drought escape, drought tolerance and drought avoidance, are found in the species, although not all mechanisms are present in all genotypes. Quinoa escapes drought principally through early maturity, an important trait in areas where drought risk is likely toward the end of the growing season (terminal drought). Quinoa may tolerate drought through growth plasticity, low osmotic potential and tissue elasticity, and it may avoid drought through a deep, dense root system, reduction in leaf area by leaf dropping, by generating crystals of calcium oxalate, and through stomatal behaviour. There is disagreement in the literature on the level of drought resistance actually attained by quinoa, and on the phenological phase of its susceptibility. Lund (1992) showed that seed production was reduced with less than 25% of field capacity in the soil, while Vasquez (1993) demonstrated that field capacity had to be decreased to 12.5% before seed yield was affected. Espindola (1986) demonstrated that water deficiency during inflorescence formation and at flower initiation reduced seed yield by 40% and 65%, respectively. Different investigations show that the phases most drought susceptible with respect to grain production are vegetative, anthesis, and seed set. However, it has also been demonstrated that a certain level of drought in the vegetative phase may have a positive effect on the production of seed. Management practices, such as sowing time, row spacing and plant density, may also influence the water household of the crop. This divergence in results is understandabl e given the tremendous genetic variability in response to different ecotypes (valley, altiplano, salt desert, subtropics, and humid zones at sea level) reacting differently to a water deficit.


The promotion of regional industrial restructure and the upgrading and the optimization of industrial regional structure play the key role in enhancing the sustainable development capacity of Chinese industry and changing local economic development mode. Since the implementation of "the Eleventh Five-year Plan", Chinese industrial economic regional structure develops towards balance and coordination in general but meanwhile faces many problems and challenges including the extension of heavy industrialization trend, low-level expansion and repetitive construction of industry in spatial allocation, low industrial agglomeration degree, extensive regional industrial growth mode, and so on. Under new situation, especially in the face of more and more serious constraint of resources and environment, the optimization of industrial economic regional structure can be realized by enhancing plan guidance and policy support, by actively guiding industrial transfer, by accelerating the restructure and upgrading of regional industry, by setting up and perfecting regional cooperative and coordinative mechanism and so on.


The capacity of a platform installation consisting of naphtha feed lines from centrifugal pumps to an oven has been increased by 25 % in combination with rerouting of the piping layout upstream of the oven and inside the convection zone. The operating company observed considerable increase of the vibration levels of the naphtha feed lines since the restart of the plant. The vibrations have resulted in breakage of the supports in vertical pipe sections on two out of four 6-inch naphtha feed lines. TNO has received the assignment to perform a root cause analysis of the vibration problems and provide remedies to reduce the vibrations to acceptable levels. The analyses includes on site pulsation and vibration measurements followed by a pulsation and mechanical response analysis and finally a check on pulsations and vibrations after the modification. A number of possible root causes are presented and analyzed in this paper. It is most likely that the low frequency vibrations are caused by slug flow in the naphtha feed piping or two-phase flow developed into the convection zone of the oven. A simulation of the naphtha system from the pumps up to the convection zone in the oven shows pressure pulsations up to 4% peak-to-peak of the line pressure, which causes pulsation-induced vibration forces up to 450 Newton peak-to-peak. Several modifications have been investigated to reduce pulsation levels and forces: • Omitting the sources of two-phase flow in piping to the convection zone of the oven • Install a pulsation damper at the inlet of the oven • Install orifice plates in combination with the pulsation damper • Improve the stiffness of the pipe supporting structure The paper shows that residual vibration levels are acceptable after modification of the piping support layout and that the installation can be operated over the entire operating envelope without problems. © Evert van Bokhorst, TNO Science and Industry, 2010.


Natural resources provide the all-important basis for human existence and civilization. Natural resources management has several implications for human security and public safety. A quality environment supports virile natural resources, which provide the necessary goods and services to satisfy life quality needs and mitigate famine and food shortages and their concomitant effects, including food riots and public disorder. Poorly managed and severely degraded natural resources systems will interfere with other systems, such as the climate, to produce resource conflicts and exacerbate human insecurity and undermine public safety. Africa is highly vulnerable to natural resource degradation and its concomitant impacts, a situation that has deepened the existing poverty-environment-human security linkages. This chapter explores the dimension of natural resources and natural resource management, its implications on livelihoods and conflicts, human security and public safety, and its contexts in Africa in general with particular reference to Nigeria.


Coronary microvascular dysfunction (MVD) is defined by impaired flow augmentation in response to a vasodilator, the pathophysiological basis of which is unclear. This study sought to address two major gaps in our understanding of MVD: firstly, whether diminished flow reserve is due to structural changes within the microvasculature or potentially reversible dysfunction and secondly to unravel the mechanism of exercise-induced ischemia in the absence of obstructive disease.

 Simultaneous intracoronary pressure and flow velocity recordings were made in the left anterior descending artery of patients with angina and no obstructive epicardial disease (Fractional Flow Reserve >0.80). Measurements were made at rest, during adenosine-mediated hyperaemia and supine bicycle exercise. Wave intensity analysis was used to quantify waves that accelerate and decelerate coronary blood flow, coronary perfusion efficiency being defined as the proportion of total wave energy that accelerates blood flow. Patients were prospectively classified into MVD (coronary flow reserve <2.5) and controls with researchers blinded to the classification throughout the protocol. Myocardial perfusion and vascular function were assessed by 3T cardiac MRI and venous occlusion plethysmography with forearm blood flow (FBF) assessment during serial infusions of acetylcholine, adenosine and the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA).

 78 patients were enrolled (42 patients had MVD and 36 were controls), with no differences in cardiovascular risk factors between groups. The MVD group had elevated coronary blood flow (21.3±6.4 vs. 15.1±4.5cm s–1; p<0.001) and global myocardial perfusion (1.36±0.37 vs. 1.13±0.22ml/min/g; p=0.01) at rest. Maximum coronary and myocardial blood flow during hyperaemia was similar in both groups. During exercise, MVD patients achieved similar peak flow (30.5±10.0 vs. 26.3±7.7cm s–1; p=0.07) despite a higher rate-pressure product (20777±5205 vs. 17450±4710bpm.mmHg; p=0.01). Coronary perfusion efficiency, decreased with exercise in the MVD group (61±11% vs. 44±10% p<0.001) but was unchanged in controls. On MRI, MVD had lower hyperaemic endo-epicardial perfusion ratio than controls (0.94±0.08 vs. 1.04±0.13; p=0.001). Augmentation of FBF with acetylcholine was attenuated in MVD patients compared to controls (p=0.02) but the response to adenosine was similar (p=0.13). Infusion of L-NMMA caused a significantly greater reduction in FBF in MVD patients compared to controls (p<0.001).
 Exercise Physiology in MVD

 Impaired flow reserve in MVD represents a dysfunctional state, characterised by inappropriately elevated resting flow due to increased nitric-oxide synthase mediated vasodilatation. There is abnormal flow distribution in the myocardium predisposing to subendocardial ischaemia, associated with and exacerbated by impaired cardiac-coronary coupling during exercise. These novel findings may represent distinct therapeutic targets.

 British Heart Foundation


This article describes a traffic control center in operation in Toronto. The control center is comprised of three components including a Road Emergency Services Communications Unit (RESCU), a traffic signal monitoring program, and a receiving center for traffic-related telephone calls from commuters.


In this article, we consider the coexistence of competing actors within a specific eco-industrial park. The competing firms dynamics evolves by means of an interplay agreement determined among the competitors themselves. In particular, we show a possible scenario in which the selected eco-industrial competitors could greatly benefit from a coopetitive interaction, within their common eco-park, while improving the general conditions of a near residential area. The associated dynamical coopetitive agreement, aims at the growth and improvement of the firms themselves and of their industrial network (within a virtuous environmental path). As an example, we assume the existence of two competitors selling the same good on the same market, so that, from a competitive point of view, we construct a classic Cournot duopoly model upon which we build up a multidimensional coopetitive agreement. Our eco-friendly deal allows to "enlarge the pie" of possible gains by diminishing sunk costs and other forms of costs, especially the environmental costs associated to the management of urban waste recycling. Consequently, we suggest production methods and production quantitative profiles in order to "share the gains fairly". We show a complete mathematical analysis of our new economic game and show some of its possible and relevant solutions.


The invention discloses a production method of titanium dioxide for a denitrifying catalyst, which comprises the following steps: preparing a titanium solution, purifying the titanium solution, concentrating the titanium solution, hydrolyzing the titanium solution, washing the titanium solution with water, carrying out salt treatment, calcining and pulverizing. The production method has the advantages of water resource saving, high titanium yield and low cost, and enhances the specific area and activity of the catalyst.


Summary form only given. The plasma opening switch (POS) is a pulsed-power switching technology that has been developed for inductive-energy-storage applications.[1] During the conduction phase of the POS, the discharge current initially flows in a plasma that is injected between the anode and cathode prior to the arrival of the main pulse. Lorentz forces act on the current-carrying plasma to distort the plasma distribution eventually leading to a disruption of the current channel on a fast timescale, producing a rapid transfer of magnetic energy to the load. The fast opening of the POS is crucial to the overall operation of the switch because it allows for a sharpening of the pulse rise-time and inductive voltage multiplication.


Contents Illustrations follow page 111 Preface to the Second Edition Acknowledgments Note on Transliteration Maps Introduction 1. A Dutch Uncle: The U.S. and Buraym, 1952 2. Old Soldiers: Eisenhower and 'Abd al-'Azz ibn Sa'd, January-November 1953 3. Reaching a Crossroads: The U.S. and King Sa'd, December 1953-November 1955 4. A Tangled Skein: Suez, December 1955-December 1956 5. We Have Here an Opportunity: The Eisenhower Doctrine, January 1957-July 1958 6. We Might as Well Believe in Arab Nationalism: OPEC and the Modern Saudi State, August 1958-December 1960 Conclusion List of Abbreviations Notes Bibliography Index


In this study four kinds of materials on the market most commonly used for sportswear are selected to knit one sports vest in plain style, woven by seamless circular knitting machine. We use wind tunnel tests to do the experiments and gather datum of experiments and analyze them to research the relationship between textile materials and wind resistance performance of sportswear. The results showed that: in the wind tunnel experiments, when wind speed is between 3.3 m/s and 9.35m/s, the wind resistance performance of the four experiment clothes is almost the same; When between 9.35 m/s and 11.00m/s, their wind resistance performance demonstrates a dispersion level; When it is between 11.00m/s and 18.70m/s, their differences of wind resistance performance between the four clothes are significant. The wind resistance performance could be sequenced from the good to the poor like this: 15.6tex combed cotton + coolmax modified polyester, 7.7tex/48f nylon, 15.6tex combed cotton, 9.7tex modal +15.6tex TC, and the fitting curve equation is obtained from the measured datum analysis through the SPSS software.


In recent years, the depth of submarine oil wells and gas wells has increased quickly. The depth of an oil production well reached 1500-2000 meters in practical use, and will be 3000 meters in the next stage. Moreover, geophysical scientists plan to use the science drilling ship"Chikyu"to drill the earth from a seafloor of 4000-meter depth to the Mohorovicic discontinuity. This paper describes deep-sea drilling technology. Although a new method, dual gradient drilling, is proposed, I think that the riser drilling system will still be used in the future. Present techniques of riser drilling are therefore summarized briefly, and problems in deep-sea operation are pointed out. Lastly, I describe the new technology in which development is needed in order to adapt the present riser drilling system to deep-sea operation.


The hydrothermal reaction of isonicotinic acid (4-C5H4N-COOH), Cu(ClO4)2·6H2O and water at 170°C gave the title compound, [Cu(OH)2(H2O)2(4-C5H4N- COOH)2] (1), which was analyzed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The complex crystallizes in triclinic space group P ī with unit cell parameters: a = 6.337(2), b = 6.894(3), c = 9.178(3)?. ( = 99.40(3), ( = 105.26(3), ( = 108.17(5)°, V = 354.1(2) ?3, Z = 1, C12H16CuN2O8, Mr = 379.81, Dc = 1.791 Mg/m3, F(000) = 197, ((MoK() = 1.589 mm-1. The final R and wR are 0.068 and 0.170 for 1249 observed reflections with I ≥ 2σ(I). The central copper ion is in a distorted octahedron geometry completed by two nitrogen atoms from carboxylic ligand, two oxygen atoms from hydroxyl groups and two oxygen atoms from coordinated water molecules. The intermolecular hydrogen bonding leads to the formation of a three-dimensional supramolecular structure.


Maybe the cover image tells us more about the Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Literary Studies than intended. Georges de la Tour's Le Tricheur à l'as de carreau is a painting in the wake of Caravaggio showing the three major temptations according to 17th century moral standards: gambling, wine, and lust. If one assumes that literature is a kind of gambling, cheating, and a dangerous lust in itself, the choice of cover makes sense. If not, then it's more or less a stopgap solution. It is not (yet) an independent area of research like cognitive linguistics has become. Besides that, the term ›cognitive‹ is in literary criticism often only loosely used and one might think cognitive literary studies are just the current next turn in criticism. How could one find an image representing such a blurred area? It seems to be difficult even for a publishing house like Oxford University Press. The problem of the cover image is maybe only of anecdotal interest. However, the stopgap solution of the cover image points to the question, whether cognitive literary studies are already an area a handbook could encompass? After taking a closer look at the Oxford Handbook, the short answer is: Cognitive literary studies is still not an area in its own right, rather the Handbook presents a vivid and inspiring field of diverse and often tentative approaches, which share some common notions, practices, and concepts, one could summarise as ›cognitive‹. With this I have jumped a long way ahead. Let's start from the beginning.


This letter addresses a maximum likelihood (ML) algorithm for multidimensional (m-D) harmonic retrieval (MHR) problems. The new algorithm iteratively estimates the parameters in a rough to fine manner, intervened with filtering processes to separate the signals into appropriate groups. To facilitate implementations of the ML estimation, a Monte Carlo method, importance sampling (IS), and the theorem of Pincus are utilized to determine the ML estimates. Moreover, the pairing of the estimated parameters is automatically achieved without extra overhead. Conducted simulations demonstrate that the new algorithm outperforms the main state-of-the-art works and can achieve the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) even in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) scenarios.


This research study was conducted on 153 students from the Jordanian University. A researchermade Likert-type questionnaire was adopted. A five-question questionnaire was formulated to measure the effect of mobile learning at the University's students focusing on different aspects. The reliability of the questionnaire was at 91% through the use of Chronbach's Alpha. T test was adopted to find out significance of differences among the different used variables that supported the effect of mobile learning on the student's development in learning behaviors and performances. ANOVA was embraced to examine the student's learning behaviors on mobile learning. The results showed that mobile learning accrues positive effect on motivating the students towards learning. There was also a positive correlation mobile learning to increased academic performance. Finally, the results indicated that M-learning changed student's learning habits for the better.


In the research of the raw material transport control based on DP network structure,a new electric control system of the raw material plant DC digitized admeasure was applied which made the electric control system of transport realize the requirement of digitalization and network.


Soil vapor extraction (SVE) is a proven effective in-situ technology for the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the subsurface. SVE process is highly sensitive to temperature. Studying annual soil temperature variation with depth declares that there is a considerable temperature variation in the upper few meters that may affect the overall efficiency of SVE process. A numerical model was developed to aid in investigation of field-scale soil vapor extraction process. The model is three-dimensional, time dependent that simulates nonisothermal vapor flow and transport of multicomponent mixtures in soil and keeps track of the distribution of each compound in the other three immobile phases (NAPL, aqueous, and sorbed). Rate limited interphase mass transfer with linear driving force expressions were used to model volatilization of oil into gas phase. A local equilibrium partitioning was assumed between gas, water, and solid phase. The model equations were discretized using a standard Galerkin finite element method and solved using set iterative solution algorithm. Simulation of hypothetical field-scale problems was done. The physical domain described a threedimensional system with flow to a single extraction well. A hypothetical soil temperature variation with depth was incorporated with the model. The result of these simulations showed that this temperature variation has a considerable effect on system efficiency and may play a role in optimum system configuration. ا ا ة ا ا ت آ ا از ةء ! ا " # $ !% & ا ر (& ص ( *ا + , % & ا . ةرا . ا $ر/ ا/$ * 01 + ا 23ه نا . 6% 7 ه ن8 & % 9 ا : & ا ةرا 1 $ر/ ي 0 ا 6 ا *ارد را 1 + ا 23= +! ا ةء ! ا >+, ?@ نأ ! ا ي3 او & ا + ا + + ا ر Cا DE F& س8& ي . + . ا د &Cا #و & ا ر (& ص ( *ا + , *ارد D E ة/, 0 + يد/, جذ J % K% . و د & ا D ? ? جذ J هو ن L ا Dآ . ي3 او M ا >+, / : ز % & : & ا D E ةد/ ا ت J ! ا ت N +( ة (&C ةرا . ا 6 ل J ا و آ . ا ى ا ? " ارا N ا D E ن ! Qآ ) S ا و DT او D M ا .( وذ ر N & + ! ا ل Jا جذ J ل *ا K % ا % $3 Eا/ ا ة + D % : دو/. ا ل/ ا & ث + ا : ز D W ناM %ا ضا Eا : يز 6 ا ر ا > ا Y M Z+[ او DT او يز 6 ا ? " ا را N ا . / + ا ةدو/ . ا ا N ل * & د &ا ? "&و د/, جذ ا ت د Y+1 standard Galerkin finite element method زرا ل * &و set-iterative . 2 L%8& ن $ د $وو د & ا ? ? \ = E DT M ا ى/ ا ][ + 1 د & & & ا ر (& ص ( *ا ت + , ة آ . Y % /1او Z.* ^& . يد/ ا جذ ا : & + D#ا Eا يرا 1 6% ج دا K% . يرا . ا 6 + K = ا ?8 ا ت آ . ا _T J ت =`أ آ >+, & + \ + >+" ا د & او Q" ا Q! ا / /.% DE ارود Z +% /W =Jا Y &و \ ا ةء . R. H. Al-Suhaili Non-Isothermal Modeling of Soil Vapor Extraction M. ASCE System Including Soil Temperature Effect T. R. Abbas 1254


The "Dimitrie Brandza" Botanical Garden - Bucharest University was founded in 1860 and has an important role in preserving the diversity of plants species and varieties through collections. The Rosarium contains one of the most varied collections of roses. It was established on the present location during 1976-1978. Between 2008-2010 the rose collection was reorganized in a proportion of 8 0%. The rose collection represents an important source of germoplasma, which is used to create new varieties, but also an important base for studies regarding the responses of new varieties purchase. Researches are developing on these varieties regarding the phenological phases, biodynamic growth, phitopatology aspects and resistance to extreme conditions caused by temperature differences. Following these studies some of these varieties are to be added to nurseries and gardens in the southern part of Romania.


Electroencephalogram (EEG) is the brain's electrical activity measure, which can reflect people's inner emotional states objectively. In this article, a dispersion entropy (DispEn) feature extraction-based EEG emotion recognition method is proposed. In feature extraction, the DispEn is computed for the four typical frequency bands, i.e., <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\theta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\gamma $ </tex-math></inline-formula> of EEG signals which are filtered from 32 channels. Furthermore, a random oversampling algorithm is employed to balance the data for the emotional labels to avoid majority biases. The proposed method not only has a better ability to characterize EEG signals but also has a faster recognition speed. In the experiments, the DEAP dataset is used to validate the effectiveness of the proposal, in which the DispEn is extracted from the undecomposed signal and four typical EEG rhythms are compared for emotion recognition by using a support vector machine (SVM). Besides, comparison experiments using DispEn, sample entropy (SampEn), permutation entropy (PerEn), and three other commonly used statistical features are performed. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves recognition accuracy in high valence (HV)/low valence (LV) and high arousal (HA)/low arousal (LA) is 72.95% and 76.67%, respectively. The computation cost of DispEn feature extraction is <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${O}(N)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> that better than some state-of-the-art methods.


In this issue: • Cecilia Björkén-Nyberg, The Player Piano and the Edwardian Novel • John Carnelly, George Smart and Nineteenth-Century London Concert Life • Mark Fitzgerald and John O'Flynn, eds., Music and Identity in Ireland and Beyond • Eric Saylor and Christopher M. Scheer, eds., The Sea in the British Musical Imagination • Jürgen Schaarwächter, Two Centuries of British Symphonism: From the Beginnings to 1945 • Heather Windram and Terence Charlston, eds., London Royal College of Music Library, MS 2093 (1660s–1670s)


Small acoustic tumors occasionally cannot be diagnosed on standard radiologic studies. Over a 2‐year period, air contrast computed tomography (CT) has been used to study 22 patients in whom audiologic and vestibular tests suggested a tumor but no radiologic abnormality could be demonstrated; 8 air contrast scans were positive and subsequent exploration revealed tumors in 7 of these patients. In one patient an aneurysmally dilated anterior inferior cerebellar artery was found on exploration. Thirteen scans showed air filling the internal auditory canal with no evidence of tumor. One scan was nondiagnostic and upon exploration, a vascular loop in the internal auditory canal was found.


Abstract Reactive balance is a highly relevant fall risk factor, but is rarely considered in clinical practice. Especially medio-lateral perturbations lead to a pronounced instability of the gait pattern. However, there is no consensus on a method for the assessment of individually challenging perturbation intensities to apply during walking. The aim of this study is to determine and compare the static stability-limits in older adults with and without a history of falls. Twelve older adults with (OAF; 75.6 ±3.66,9♀) and 19 older adults without a history of falls (OA; 77.5 ±4.99,12♀) were subjected to progressive-intensifying perturbations while standing on a perturbation treadmill. In addition, functional performance (Mini-BESTest), fear of falling (FES-I), and physical activity (kcal) were assessed Deflection of the treadmill-platform was randomized by timing and direction and was increased until the subject had to compensate with a step (stability-limit). The maximum deflection distance for each direction, as well as the FES-I score, mini-BESTest score, and activity level were evaluated for group differences using the t-test and Mann-Whitney-U test (α≤5%). There were no significant group differences in the mini-BESTest and between the maximum tolerated deflection distances. The OAF-subjects showed an increased FES-I score (median for OA=18.0 and OAF=22.0, p=0.032) and higher activity levels (median for OA=1974 kcal and OAF=3365 kcal, p=0.011). Despite an increased fear of falling, the older adults with a fall history showed a similar stability-limit, but higher activity levels. In future experiments these static stability limits should be tested during walking and evaluated via motion analysis.


Recent experimental developments in generation and detection of THz acoustical phonons have led to studies of phonon emission, propagation and absorption in solids. New results of this acoustical phonon spectroscopy concern phonon interactions with collective excitations (phonons, photons, magnons), localized excitations (resonant scattering of impurities, radiationless transitions) and electronic excitations in metals, superconductors and semiconductors. The different experimental methods and their applications to phonon interaction studies are discussed.


Vehicle kilometers traveled is the distance travel by vehicles in a specific area during a given period of time. The aim of this study is to estimate the carbon emission produced by vehicles using VKT data. This study was conducted via online questionnaire survey. The findings have shown the VKT of UiTM campus population are in the range of 0.6 to 3.7 km/day and the highest mode of transportation used by students and staff are private vehicles which contribute 85.01 kgCO2 for a week's trip.


Abstract Complementary feeding diets in low‐ and middle‐income countries are generally inadequate to meet requirements for growth and development. Food‐based interventions may prevent nutrient inadequacies provided that they do not displace other nutrient‐rich foods. We conducted a randomized controlled trial in rural Malawi in which 660 children aged 6 to 9 months were provided an egg a day for 6 months or assigned to a control group. Dietary intake of complementary foods and drinks was assessed at baseline, 3‐month midline and 6‐month endline visits using a tablet‐based multipass 24‐h recall. Up to two repeat recalls were collected at each time point in a subsample of 100 children per treatment group. At midline and endline, usual energy intake from eggs was about 30 kcal/day higher in the egg group compared with controls (p < 0.0001). Compared with controls, children in the egg group were over nine times more likely to consume eggs at midline and endline. There was a comparable, but nonsignificant, greater total usual energy intake from complementary foods of 30 kcal/day at midline (p = 0.128) and 36 kcal/day at endline (p = 0.087). There also was a displacement of 7 kcal/day in legumes and nuts in children at endline (p = 0.059). At midline and endline, more than 80% of children in the egg group consumed a minimally diverse diet compared with 53% at midline and 60% at endline in the control group. This study illustrates that mothers in the egg group fed eggs to young children on a regular basis without substantial displacement of other complementary foods.


Comprising some 900 pages in the Furughi edition, the works of Sa'di include a variety of genres. The Kulliyyat (Complete Works) opens with six "Risalahs" (Homilies), containing orthodox religious and moral teachings. The homilies precede the worldly and anecdotal "Gulistan" (Rose Garden) and the more profound and spiritual "Bustan" (Orchard)--Sa'di's best known works. Next are the "Qasa'id" (Elegies, or Odes) in Persian and Arabic, the "Marasi" (Thronodies), and the "Mulamma'at" (Bilingual poems in Persian and Arabic). The "Tarji'at" (Stroplhe Poems), the "Tayyibat" (Sweet Poems), the "Badayi"' (Cunning Odes), the "Khavatim" (Gems), and "Ghazaliyyat-i qadim" (Old Sonnets)--altogether 300 pages in the Kulliyyat--consist mostly of love poems, covering the whole gamut of this emotion from the secular love of women and boys to the mystical love whose object is union with the divine. Miscellaneous shorter pieces appear at the end of the Kulliyyat under the headings "Sahibiyyah," "Masnaviyyat" (Couplets), "Qata'at" (Short Poems), "Ruba'iyyat" (Quatrains), and "Mufradat" (One-liners). Sa'di is also the author of "Khubsiyyat va majalis al-hazl" (Impure Things and Facetiae), better known as "Hazliyyat"2-crude pornographic pieces relegated to the end of the Kulliyyat in manuscripts and early editions, but altogether omitted from the Furughi edition.3 While most Sa'di scholars are somewhat apologetic about the "Hazliyyat," Alessandro Bausani sees these and similar writings as "the


With the development of computer and network technology,some mine safety management system need to update and improve.The paper established the prediction system of coal and gas outburst by using ASP.NET and ADO.NET technology,introduced the main functions of the prediction system.


![Figure][1]

Copper is an essential element needed for many physiological processes. But at high concentrations copper is toxic, so homeostatic mechanisms are required to regulate internal levels of copper. Fish, unlike most other vertebrates, are exposed to copper both in the diet and the


In this thesis, the rst experimental determination of the running of the top quarkmass is presented. The running is extracted from a measurement of the dierentialtop quark-antiquark (tt) production cross section as a function of the invariant massof the tt system, mtt. The analysis is performed using proton-proton collision datarecorded by the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2016, corresponding to an integratedluminosity of 35.9 fb


This report is about the synthesis of polymer nanocapsules, to be used in targeted drug delivery. The ultimate goal is to synthesize temperature responsive polymer nanocapsules which can be administrated intravenous by human tissue and thus have to be smaller than 200 nm. To synthesize these nanocapsules a simple RAFT-based vesicle templating approach is used. In the first step the vesicles are prepared by extruding a dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB) solution through filters with 100 nm or 200 nm pores. During the polymerization the premade RAFT-oligomer was attached to the vesicles after which the monomers were added. The gained capsules were analyzed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) to measure the size, by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) to measure the molecular weight, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to give information on shape and morphology of the capsules. The parameters varied to optimize the results was the ratio of the monomers methyl methacrylate (MMA), tert-butyl acrylate (t-BA) and ethylene glycol dimethyl acrylate (EGDMA) and the ratio of the monomers N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm), N, N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and acrylic acid (AA). Both vesicles gained with the 200 nm filters and the 100 nm filters were used during this research. The average diameter found with DLS was 190 nm for the capsules made with the vesicles that were extruded through the 200 nm filters. An average of 133 nm was found for the capsules that were made with vesicles that were extruded through the 100 nm filters. The synthesized polymer capsules are reproducible. The capsules made with NIPAm, MBA and AA show size change due to temperature differences. This means that temperature responsive capsules can be made. Unfortunately the size change caused by the temperature difference between healthy and diseased human tissue is only 0.3 nm, which not enough for targeted drug delivery. In future research different copolymers could be tested to change the large peak to the biologically critical temperature of diseased tissue. At last a spherical shape of the capsules was found with TEM analysis as expected. List of abbreviations AA Acrylic acid AIBN Azobisisobutyronitrile BA Butyl acrylate DLS Dynamic Light Scattering DODAB Dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide EGDMA Ethylene glycol dimethyl acrylate GPC Gel permeation chromatography NaOH Sodium hydroxide NIPAm N-isopropylacrylamide NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance MBA N, N-methylenebisacrylamide MMA Methyl methacrylate RAFT Reversible Addition-Fragmentation chain-Transfer t-BA tert-Butyl Acrylate SEM Scanning Electron Microscope TEM Transmission Electron Microscope TGA Thermo Gravimetric Analysis THF Tetrahydrofuran V-501 4,4'-azobis 4-cyanovaleric acid


approach convincingly. Essays on Miller's poetry ("The Mechanical Metaphor: Machine and Tool Images in The Mountains Have Come Closer" by Ricky Cox) and on Morgan's ("Inside-Outside in Robert Morgan's Poetry" by Mary C. Williams) seem to me very fine and quite useful readings in introducing these individual poets and in discussing the general state of Appalachian-oriented poetry. This collection has the virtues and drawbacks of selectivity, intense critical focus, and a self-limiting monotheory. It may irritate some readers with its narrowness, and it certainly is not comprehensive in dealing with important Appalachian writers and writings. It should be useful to students who encounter these writers and works and want to view them in a sociocultural context.


X-linked congenital adrenal hypoplaeia (CAH) may occur alone or in association with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH), glycerol kinase deficiency (GKD) and myopathy. The relationship between these conditions is genetic since the loci for CAH, HH and GKH are located in the same region of X chromosome. A progressive high frequency hearing loss (HL) has been recently described only by Zachmann. We report two male cousins (aged 24.2 and 21.7 yrs at last observation) with CAH, HH and an unusual tall stature. GKD was excluded by determination of plasma and urine glycerol levels. A mild bilateral HL for high frequencies was diagnosed in the younger patient at 15 yrs of age. At this time the audiogram of the older patient was normal. The hearing evaluation performed in the following years showed a progression of the HL most evident at 4KHr in the younger patient and a cochlear site of lesion was revealed by brainstem response audiometry. In the older patient, the last audiogram showed just a slight asymmetric sensorineural HL for the high frequencies (2-8 KHr}. In agreement with Zachmann's report, our data show that HL may be associated with CAH and HH even if the degree of HL is unpredictable. Therefore the hearing funciton of these patients must be monitored. The hypothesis of a genetic basis of the relationship between CAH, HH and HL (vicinity of the locus of X-linked deafness with the loci of CAH and HH) is fashinating and requires further support.


The effect of a single dotlike defect on the transport through a quantum dot single electron transistor weakly coupled to external leads is studied. It is found that the conductance profile is changed significantly by the quantum mechanical tunneling between the dot and the defect and the interactions between them, both of which are dependent on the distance between the dot and the defect, as also by the morphology of the defect. In particular, we find that even a very small strength of interdot interaction has a major influence on the transport and must be taken into account in device fabrication.


Given the strong emphasis on plurality, which is so characteristic of current masculinity studies, the relationship between masculinity as a concept and its plural forms has to be rethought. If we conceive of masculinity as having a largely discursive and narrative structure and accept that narrative is an ontological condition of social life which exemplarily manifests itself in literature and the arts, it is precisely here that a plethora of narratives of masculinity becomes 'visible', with the performative function of narrative allowing for a variety of new masculine gender identities and subject positions that only become available through their conception in literature/the arts.


Rational layout of power material warehouse is good to the efficiency and quality of power company materials management.According to the existing power warehouse problems and distribution and management requirements,this paper aims at both "service" and "cost",sets a double-layer location model and then puts forward a heuristic center clustering algorithm to solve the model.Finally uses an example to validate the effectiveness.


Objective To observe the projection of pedicle of lumbar vertebral arch on the vertebral body and research the regular pattern of its central point. Methods 100 cases X-Ray (respectively including anterior and lateral lumbar vertebral X-Ray view).Firstly on the anterior X-Ray view located the projection of pedicle of lumbar vertebral arch on the vertebral body and its central point.then measursed the length from this point to the superior inferior and lateral edge of lumbar vertebral body respectively.On the other hand throught the lateral X-ray view measursed the angle between lumbar vertebral body and horizontal plane.Finally analyzing these date. Result The length from this point to the superior edge of lumbar vertebral body gradually becomes more shorter.On the contrary .The length from this point to the inferior and lateral edge of lumbar vertebral body and the length between two central point of pedicle of lumbar vertebral arch. Conclusion The central point of pedicle of lumbar vertebral arch moves to the lateral and inferior direction on the vertical axis.The ratio of the length from this point to the lateral edge of lumbar vertebral body to the length between the central point of pedicle of lumbar vertebral arch does not change.


The need for better human-computer interaction (HCI) has been widely recognized and discussed, even in the database area. It is generally accepted that the quality of the interaction mainly depends on the interface characteristics. How does one recognize "good" interfaces? The use of a suitable metaphor is crucial. Unfortunately, to put it as a metaphor, speaking about metaphors in HCI is like walking on a slippery floor.We would like to come up with a definition of metaphor that is specific to the particular needs of the database area, and, of course, of the database users. Thus, we will highlight some peculiarities of the database interaction. The following considerations should constitute a basis towards a formal approach for the construction of effective metaphors for interacting with databases.


Multiband CPW-Fed "G" shaped antennas are becoming more popular in wideband application for wireless communication due to their smaller size, compact structure, ease of installation, higher bandwidth, robustness and having many other advantages as compared to conventional designed antennas. This paper, presents a triple band CPW-fed multiband antenna with the symmetrical slotted ground, which is widely used for wireless application. The designed CPW-fed antenna is engraved on a FR4 material with dielectric substrate of 4.4 with the height of 1.6mm.the given antenna design also exhibit dual feeding and cross polarization behavior .The designed antenna achieve triple band performance to simultaneously cover the most commonly used 2.5 GHz WLAN bands and 3.7 GHz Fixed Wi-MAX band and 6.3 GHz band for point to multipoint communication application.Here,IE3D simulation software has been used for the modeling and simulation of the designed G shaped CPW-fed antenna. The designed antenna which resonates at 2.40 GHz, 3.7 GHz and 6.4 GHz respectively covers the frequency range of wireless applications. The return loss for 2.4 GHz, 3.7 GHz and 6.4 GHz is -17.50 dB, -24 dB and -21 dB respectively. The bandwidth of the proposed patch antenna is 567 MHz (1.98 GHz-2.54 GHz) for 2.4 GHz frequency, 700 MHz (3.20 Ghz-3.70Ghz),


This article analyzes the existing problems of dash technique teaching in China in view of the nature and characteristics of modern track and field according to the recent researches and elite foreign dashmen's techniques.It puts forward some new considerations on dash techniques in order to arouse attention to dash teaching and training in hope of conforming to the development of modern track and field.


According to the demands of high-speed transmission in air-ground wide band communication system and the conflict between the influence of multipath spread and Doppler spread,combined with the technological advantages of classical single-carrier frequency domain equalization(SC-FDE),a novel solution of multi-channel SC-FDE(MC-SC-FDE) realization is proposed by using frame structure optimization and digital combination method.The simulation results indicate that the method has high frequency spectral performance and the ability to oppose multi-path interference.In the condition of multipath spread and Doppler spread,it is stable in timing tracking and applicative in time-domain fast fading channels.The method is applied successfully in projects and can be popularized.


In the fie ld of thin-fi lm research, there exists a novel method of fi lm growth called Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition or PECVD. Thi s technique utilizes the energetic electrons released from a plasma discharge to help catalyze chemical reactions in the deposition chamber that are essential to the fi lm-growth process. Because plasma dynamics are not very well understood, much research goes into developing techniques to characterize a plasma's properties. In our research, we examined techniques used to measure the current versus voltage characteristic of an Argon plasma by use of a Langmuir Probe with the ultimate goal of determining the plasma's electron energy distribution.


We investigated the efficiency of some commercial cellulosic and pectinic enzymes (Carezyme 1000 L and Pectinex Ultra SP-L, with cellulose, pectinase and hemicellulase activity, respectively) on a sea buckthorn puree substrate. The method applied to check the rate of hydrolysis was Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), by recording the absorption of different carbohydrates in the specific spectral range (650-4000 cm -1 ). To calibrate the method, we used firstly, different concentrations of pure glucose, fructose and sucrose (from 1 to 25 %) and registered their IR maximal wavenumbers and peak intensity. Based on calibration curves, we calculated the release in vitro of glucose, fructose or sucrose after enzymatic action on sea buckthorn substrate. According to the IR absorption peaks registered for glucose (at 1033 cm -1 ), fructose (at 1063 cm -1 ) and sucrose (at 995 cm - 1 ), we were able to identify the changes in the shape and intensity of these peaks in the region 1200-900 cm -1 , against control. FTIR spectrometry proved to be a suitable method for accurate and direct determination of individual sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose - like disaccharides) on sea buckthorn or other juices and a good control of enzymatic activity on cellulose, hemicellulose and pectine-rich substrates. The time used for FTIR analysis is considerably reduced compared to the classical methods. These results are promising and have a real analytical potential to supervise in situ or in vitro, as a routine procedure, the dynamics of enzymatic treatment of natural substrates rich in natural carbohydrate polymers (celluloses and pectins).


The Kansas Department of Transportation and the Wisconsin Department of Transportation in cooperation with the Brown and Columbia County Highway Departments conducted a 2-year study of various gradations of road salt used during winter storm events in an anti-icing application. The objectives of the study were to document the advantages of two finer gradations of prewetted salt used during anti-icing operations and to evaluate the ability of current salt spreader equipment to distribute various gradations of salt. The four-task study consisted of laboratory and field testing of various prewetting rates for the different gradations of salt, field observations and documentation of actual winter maintenance activities, analysis of data collected during actual storm events, and reporting of results. Results and conclusions from the 2 years of data collection were limited because only a minimal number of storm events could be documented. The finer gradation of salt did produce a faster salt brine reaction on the pavement, but it did not last as long as the standard gradation of salt, which resulted in more frequent reapplication of the finer gradation of salt.


This paper includes the proofs of results announced in [3], as well as other results deriving from the Isbell-Smith-Ward problem of comparability of Hausdorff uniform topologies on hyperspaces of uniform spaces. In particular we give (in Theorem 6) simple conditions on a uniform space sufficient for H-singularity (no other uniformity induces the same hyperspace topology). The notion of association map is introduced, and properties of a map between uniform spaces are related to properties of the induced hyperspace map, thus generalizing and unifying results of F. Albrecht, D. Hammond Smith and V.Z. Poljakov, and establishing various conditions sufficient for uniform continuity.


Social media presents new challenges for integration into schooling and curriculum. How can teachers avoid an add-on and/or teacher-centric approach to technology; one which effectively ignores the cultural worlds of students? In searching for a more student-centred approach to encourage contribution and innovation, this response to Pangrazio identifies three pedagogical principles. These comprise maintaining supportive relationships, valuing contributions and group work with friends.


Abstract : An analysis is made of the loss of efficiency associated with a heated-air thermal de-icing propeller both with and without internal flow. For the available data, measured efficiency losses are compared with the calculated losses and the agreement is found to be within the experimental accuracy of the data. The method presented may be used with reasonable accuracy to determine the net change in propeller efficiency due to the combined effects of the nozzle and internal flow if the characteristics of the propeller without nozzles are known.


This article discusses the speech synthesis principle of Microsoft TTS.Four aspects(the pronunciation clarity,the accuracy,the smoothness and the nature) has proven the MS TTS insufficiency and unsuitability of English teaching.Its improvement strategy may considered from the better TTS engine and the real person pronunciation database,and gave the algorithm of reading software based on the real person pronunciation database.


A double-blind, comparative study was conducted to evaluate the effects of large intake of tablets containing antihypertensive peptides, Val-Pro-Pro and Ile-Pro-Pro, on blood pressure, pulse rate and clinical parameters in 20 healthy volunteers. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups. One group ingested daily 14 test tablets (28g) for seven days, and the other group ingested the same amounts of placebo tablets for seven days. No marked changes were observed in blood pressure, pulse rate and blood serum variables in both groups. No adverse effects such as dry cough were seen in the test group. The observed gastrointestinal troubles were temporary and did not require any treatment.


ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Retirement, one of the main drivers of functional disorders to the elderly is sometimes overlooked as regards its pathogenic significance, and, accordingly, is not provided with due care and prevention. This study approached the assumption that retirement is a pathological aging-related gradual losing process. PURPOSE: To identify the retirement social and psychological factors determining the pathological aging. CASE STUDY AND METHODS: During 2008, 79 retired- to-be employees of the University Hospital were invited to answer a general multiple choice opinion questionnaire in connection with the retirement social and psychological factors that better express the feelings and emotions before the proximity of such event. RESULTS: Based on the population under study, retirement mostly affects the psychological structure of men, younger individuals, people with lesser authority level in their positions and lower education level. The hindrances arising from absence from work are greater for the elderly, those with lesser authority level and those with lower education level. Life style change as a result of retirement mostly affects those individuals with lesser authority level, with a greater occurrence of post-retirement conflicts with higher education people. CONCLUSION: Retirement is a gradual losing process causing emotional instability with bad consequences for the future. The younger the retiring individual, the greater the retirement impact. People with higher education and authority levels show a better adjustment to such changes and a greater ability to handle any difficulties during the retirement transition.


Objective To observe the change of concentration of SIgA in induced sputum from the asthma patients treated with steroid,and or Broncho-Vaxom.Methods 27 patients were grouped to A and B randomly.Group A includes 15 patients treated with Seretide for three months,Group B includes 12 patients treated with Seretide and Broncho-Vaxom for three months.15 healthy controls named group C with no treatment were recruited.The asthma patients before treatment were named group D.Before and after the treatment the samples of induced sputum from each group were collected.The measurement of SIgA was performed with ELISA kits.Results The concentration of SIgA in group A decreased significantly after the treatment,but it increased significantly in group B.The changes between two groups were significant(P0.05).The concentration of SIgA in group C was higher than that in group D and B after treatment.Conclusions The concentration of SIgA will be decreased after being treated with Steroid,and it can be increased by the Broncho-Vaxom.The concentration of SIgA of asthma patients is lower than that in group C in spite of by the treatment of the Broncho-Vaxom with some increasing of SIgA.


In order to solve the uncertainty in the process of cutting TFT-LCD glass substrate,establishes the math model of cutting process combined with JHC model,mechanical properties of glass substrate and brittleness material mechanics properties by MATLAB software to obtain the constitutive parameters.Then these parameters are further modified and improved by comparing the actual to simulated results.The cutting process is analyzed to acquire the influence factors on the force applied on the cutter wheel and the cracks propagation process,that provides theory basis for choosing cutting parameters,geometric parameters of cutting wheels reasonably and guaranteeing the quality of cutting process.


In an ammonia plant reformers and methanators contain nickel-containing catalysts, which are exposed to carbon monoxide containing gas. This paper aims to help you manage the potential hazard that results from these two facts. Nickel carbonyl is an extremely toxic substance that can be readily formed when carbon monoxide comes in contact with nickel at the appropriate conditions. Nickel carbonyl formation is a chemical hazard that can be easily overlooked as part of the plant process controls for Safety & Health assessment as it not part of the main process. A number of previous incidents involving ammonia and methanol plant operations where operators have been seriously injured/affected by exposure are reviewed and the best practice for avoiding nickel carbonyl formation is described. Experience from other industries that deliberately produce nickel carbonyl is also included. This paper serves as a timely reminder of some of the less familiar hazards of running a chemical plant.


The article provides a brief summary of the Uzbek-Chinese joint archeological expedition and its activities, the study of the ancient past, the glorious history of our people, the preservation of the unique cultural heritage of our ancestors, the Chinortepa archeological monument. information about the current state of the monument


The proposition that complexity generally increases with evolution seems indisputable. Both developmental and generational changes often display a rise in the number and diversity of properties describing a wide spectrum of ordered systems, whether physical, biological, or cultural. This article explores a quantitative metric that can help to explain the emergence and evolution of galaxies, stars, planets, and life throughout the history of the Universe. Energy rate density is a single, measurable, and unambiguous quantity uniformly characterizing Nature's many varied complex systems, potentially dictating their natural selection on vast spatial and temporal scales. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 16: 27–40, 2011 © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

http://usm.maine.edu/sites/default/files/The Collaborative of Global and Big History/Complexity galley_ERD_summer 2010.pdf


Seed injury has frequently occurred during the drying of corn Zea mays L. seed. This study was conducted to define the effects of drying temperature and drying rate on seed quality. Shelled samples were not injured when dried at 35 °C, even though they dried more rapidly than ear samples at 50 °C. However, shelled seed samples lost viability much more rapidly than ear samples when dried at 50 °C. Drying seed at 50 °C and elevated humidity versus low humidity reduced drying rate and slowed seed deterioration but did not eliminate it. Both temperature and drying rate are factors in drying injury. Excised embryos dried at 22–50 °C germinated well even though they dried at rates up to 40% per hour. Rapid drying may have rendered proteins tolerant to heat before injury occurred.Key words: Drying, temperature, injury, corn, seed, quality


The fifth annual meeting of the International Commission for Northwest Adantic Fisheries was held in Ottawa, Canada from June 6 to 11, 1955 under the chairmanship of Dr. Stewart Bates (Canada). The Commission had before it research reports from Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Norway, Portugal, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States, and a report on German fisheries in West Greenland waters.


This study was carried out to investigate the effect of acarbose or combination of acarbose and Oleuropein (OLEU) on glycemic index and antioxidant status of  male rats exposed to high fructose(40%)  and 0.05% hydrogen peroxide H2O2 Thirty-two adult male rats were randomly divided into four equal groups: control group (CC); T1( HFr-H2O2) group were exposed to high fructose (40%)  in drinking water and given orally 0.05% H2O2; T2: 30mg/kg of acarbose were given orally to HF-H2O2  treated rats, while combination of acarbose and Oleuropein (50mg/kg. B.W) were given orally to (HFr-H2O2) treated rats in group T3. Blood samples were taken at zero time and after two months of the experiment for measuring some parameters related to glycemic index and antioxidant status. The results declared an elevation in the glycemic index (insulin and glucose concentrations and insulin resistance (IR)) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and depression in glutathione (GSH) concentrations in T1 group at the end of experiment comparing to other treated groups. Antioxidant status and glycemic index were restored after acarbose or combination of acarbose and Oleuropein treatment characterized by significant depression of serum glucose, insulin concentrations and IR, and alleviation of oxidative stress clarified by depression of serum MDA with elevation in serum GSH concentration in groups T2 and T3. On conclusion, the current study documented the oxidative and hyperglycemic effect of fructose and H2O2 that can be ameliorating by oral administration of acarbose. Besides, combination of OLUE supplement with acarbose possessed additive effects.


Since the founding of the People's Republic of China 70 years ago, the Lecturers' Evaluation System in universities in China has undergone different periods of development, including initial formation, stagnation, recovery and adjustment, standardization and construction, development and deepening, and reform of classified evaluation. Each period presents different characteristics, and there are a series of changes in the subjects, methods, standards and application of evaluation results. Colleges and universities (mainly public institutions) have actively adapted and carried out a series of changes. Colleges and university lecturers should take the opportunities and challenges brought by the reform of Lecturers' Evaluation System, positively change their roles as educators, researchers, social service providers and cultural disseminators; actively adjust their behaviours, actively assume the organizational citizenship behaviour; improve their academic titles, and promote the level of teaching and research. From the practice and experience of the Lecturers' Evaluation System in 40 universities piloted by the Ministry of Education, the reform of the faculty members' evaluation system has played a positive role in guiding, demonstrating and accumulating valuable experience in promoting colleges and universities in China.


Protein interaction mapping provides molecular basis to protein functions and signaling pathways. We have developed a high-throughput yeast two-hybrid technology that allows the exhaustive screening of highly complex, domain-based cDNA libraries relevant to the immune system (e.g. leukocytes and activated mononuclear cells, thymocytes CD4+/CD8+ and T-cells). These libraries are screened to saturation thanks to an optimized mating procedure, allowing to test on average 100 million interactions per screen. This corresponds to a 10-fold coverage of the libraries, and ensures exhaustive and reproducible results. Moreover, multiple independent fragments are isolated for each interactant, enabling the immediate delineation of a minimal interacting domain and the computation of a confidence score. A database containing over five thousand cDNA screens realized with this technique permits a rigorous calculation of relative prey connectivity and understanding of true/false positives and sticky proteins. We have developed additional methods to probe and characterize protein interactions in vitro with a medium to high throughput, using Surface Plasmon Resonance and a miniaturized time-resolved FRET assay which has been used for drug discovery projects targeting protein-protein interactions. Here, we will present results that illustrate the strength and benefits of our protein interaction screening and validation technologies to decipher the molecular components of immune responses.


In this work the tunneling current through a weakly coupled double quantum dot in an external magnetic field is analyzed. We propose a model which includes Hyperfine interaction. The time evolution for electronic charge occupations and for the nuclei polarizations in each dot is obtained by means of rate equations which are self‐consistently solved.


The M4 Spur Bus Lane is Britain's first-ever motorway bus lane. The M4 Spur itself provides the main road access to Heathrow Airport, the world's busiest airport, and it connects the airport with the M4 motorway and the remainder of the country's motorway network. The bus lane was officially opened on 25 September 1997 by Dr Gavin Strang, then Minister of Transport. On an average day the M4 Spur carries a two-way traffic flow of around 75,000 vehicles. During peak traffic periods long queues and delays are experienced by traffic heading for the airport. The queues regularly extend back along the whole length of the 1.4 kilometre spur and can extend onto the M4 motorway. Consequently, prior to the introduction of the bus lane, buses and coaches heading for the airport experienced delays of typically 10 minutes during peak traffic periods. (A)


In this study, antibacterial properties of essential oils and extracts obtained from Satureja cuneifolia Ten., Satureja spicigera (C. Koch) Boiss. , Satureja thymbra L., Satureja hortensis L. and Satureja cilicica P. H. Davis against Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola -(Psp) and Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens subsp. flaccumfaciens -(Cff)) which led to significant losses in yield and quality on beans was investigated. In vitro study, essential oils showed antibacterial effect against all tested plant pathogenic bacteria with important and different rate inhibition zone and plant extracts showed ineffective. Also minimal inhibitory concentration values of essential oils determined against bean plant pathogenic bacteria . In vivo study, effects of essential oils on germination, the number of infected cotyledons, disease severity were evaluated. All essential oils applications significantly reduced the disease severity as compared to control. Especially, essential oils obtained from S. cuneifolia and S. spicigera were found to inhibited disease severity 100%.


Water-tree counting measurements, water and impurity content measurements, and AC breakdown tests were performed on several field-aged medium-voltage extruded cables. The results indicate that the water-tree density increases with the insulation contamination level, particularly for aluminium, sodium, and potassium contaminant. However, neither of these aging factors seems to be correlated with the residual dielectric strength, which, on the contrary, is clearly influenced by the water content. In fact, the results suggest that water is the major aging factor of XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene) cables.<<ETX>>


ABSTRACT The natural fiber extracted from water hyacinth waste could be used for making natural fiber polymer composites. The main intent of this manuscript is to develop polymer composite materials reinforced by aquatic wastewater hyacinth natural fibers having varying lengths. The water hyacinth fibers were extracted using a mechanical drum extractor followed by a drying process at a speed of 320 rpm. Mechanical testing of the composites was conducted as per the relevant ASTM standard and subsequently, thermo gravimetric analysis was also conducted to assess the thermal characteristics of the composites. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-Ray diffraction (×RD) techniques were employed to characterize the elemental and microstructural properties of the composites. A 20 mm fiber length with a 30% fiber content resulted in the best mechanical properties. Fractured surfaces from the composite samples are evaluated by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Brittle fracture, fiber pulled out, fiber clusters are identified as the general failure characteristics of the composites. This study demonstrated that the hyacinth fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite could be useful for developing particleboard products, as well as other lightweight products.


The method according to the invention serves to produce optical components, in particular lids for the encapsulation of microsystems, wherein reinforcing elements, which are produced before the connection, are applied to a first substrate, whereby a stack is produced. This stack is heated after being connected to a second substrate, whereby the first substrate is deformed in such a way that at least one region of the first substrate covered by the reinforcing elements shifts and / or inclines.


Patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) require careful endoscopic inspection of the pharynx to ensure the early detection of pharyngeal cancer. However, the visibility of the hypopharynx is poor because of closure of the lumen, and cancers in this area are often detected at an advanced stage. The Valsalva maneuver has been reported as a useful technique for opening the hypopharyngeal space, and thus, we have started to include the procedure using a dedicated mouthpiece (Valsamouth, MD-49700; Sumitomo Bakelite, Tokyo, Japan) as part of the pretreatment endoscopic examination in ESCC patients (Fig. 1). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Concomitant hypoxaemia and tachycardia in the postoperative period is unfavourable for the myocardium. Since hypoxaemia per se may be involved in the pathogenesis of postoperative tachycardia, we have studied the effect of oxygen therapy on tachycardia in 12 patients randomly allocated to blinded air or oxygen byfacemask on the second or third day after major surgery. Inclusion criteria were arterial hypoxaemia (oxygen saturation ≤ 92%) and increased heart rate (> 90 beat.min‐1). Each patient responded similarly to oxygen therapy: an increase in arterial oxygen saturation and a decrease in heart rate (p < 0.002). Thus, postoperative supplementary oxygen has a positive effect on the cardiac oxygen delivery and demand balance.


Aim. The Authors deem it opportune to report a  case of clear cell meningioma with the morphological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features of a perivascular epithelioid cell tumour (PEC-oma). The interest in this finding is due not only to the low frequency of clear cell meningiomas, but above all to the fact that it presents nodular aspects with a concentric arrangement of the cells around a vessel and with positivity for smooth muscle actin and for the melanogenic antigen HMB-45. Materials and methods. Multiple fragments of this tumour underwent histological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopy investigation. Results. The morphological results showed nodules with a presence in peri-vascular location of mediumsized ovoid elements with a large clear cytoplasm and, along the periphery, of spindle-shaped elements with a dense cytoplasm. These histopathological findings were confirmed ultrastructurally; this technique showed, in the cytoplasmic matrix, intermediate filaments, varying amounts of organules, junctions, and real and virtual intercellular spaces. The immunohistochemical investigation showed high positivity for vimentin, positivity in 60% of the cells for the HMB-45 antigen, and positivity in 40% of the cell population for the smooth muscle actin. Conclusions. The application of complementary morphological techniques showed features that go beyond those of clear cell meningioma and are indicative of a PEC-oma. In applying this diagnosis the Authors appreciate the necessity for caution in the presentation of this finding because it is a single case with objective diagnostic difficulty and because of the numerous current interrogatives surrounding PEC-omas.


ABSTRACT To optimize the hydraulic efficiency of sewers or storm water drainage systems, it is necessary to trap the flowing sediments at suitable channel sections using a number of available means. Invert trap is one of the many available means used for trapping the flowing sediments. To analyze the effect of different parameters on the trap efficiency of an invert trap, experimentation is required. As experimentation is always not possible or becomes a costly affair, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has now become an excellent useful and less expensive tool for the study of flow in sewers and storm water drainage systems. In the present study, a 2D-CFD analysis with volume of fluid (VOF) model, using ANSYSFluent14.0 software, has been performed to predict the trap efficiency of the invert trap for varying flow, particle, and geometrical parameters. The analysis shows that the CFD-VOF model predicts excellent trap efficiency for glass beads of 0.3 mm diameter as compared to the experimental trap efficiency of Thinglas (2008) with mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 5.54%, whereas it predicted higher trap efficiencies for sand particles of diameter equal (= d50) to 0.15 mm for which the numerically justified reasons are stated.


In both cases, disturbances of interferometric phase occur in the eastern part of the tested area. Our approach allowed to obtain a more accurate measurement of displacements in this region of the lowering basin (Fig. 1B and 4B). Our approach allowed to obtain a more accurate measurement of displacements in this region of the subsidence basin (Fig. 1B and 4B). In both cases, the subsidence values increased, and the basin assumed a more natural and symmetrical shape (Fig. 3), consistent with the theory of influence function at mining areas. Simultaneously, we did not observe any changes in the measurement values in other areas (Fig. 1C and 4C). The obtained results are promising and indicate the requirement to consider the value of the deformation factor in some cases of the phase unwrapping process at mining areas. Method


The reasons why there are summer transmission peaks in tropical area and subtropical area in east Asia are still unclear.This paper uses an agent-based modeling(ABM),to model influenza transmission dynamics.Our influenza transmission ABM model considers two transmission routes and the model is illustrated by the analysis of Hong Kong influenza transmission pattern.Results show that:1)the summer peak of influenza transmission in Hong Kong can be caused by virus transmission through the fomite-mediated route;2)under the seasonality influence of the absolute humidity,aerosol route and fomite-mediated route dominant transmission in winter and summer repectively;3)two routes transmission model can be better used for influenza transmission control for different seasons.


Objective To probe curative effect and security on treatment for renal cyst with percutaneous fine needle puncture and absolute ethanol lavage under Color Doppler ultrasound guidance. Methods Percutaneous fine needle tapping and absolute ethanol lavage under Color Doppler ultrasound guidance were performed in 208 patients with renal cyst,who were followed up in order to observe changes in cyst size and untoward effects three month and six month after treatment so as to define the curative effect and security of the above method.Results In different followed-up periods:the curative rate was separately 91.35% and 95.67%;both of the effective rates were 100%;and the complications such as hemorrhage and infection were not found.Conclusions The above method,which is easy to practice with less complications and good effects,can be regarded as one of the best diagnosis and treatment for renal cyst.


This study examines how security resources, capabilities, and cultural values influence security performance and perceived regulatory compliance. Using binomial and multinomial logit models, we analyze qualitative and quantitative survey data collected from 250 healthcare organizations. The results show that security resources and security capabilities are positively associated with compliance and security performance. Further, resources and capabilities complement each other, improving both compliance and performance. We also find that security audit capabilities are associated with increased breach disclosures, likely because such auditing helps organizations find, disclose and fix breach-related problems. In terms of cultural values, we find that top management support and expertise are significantly linked to compliance and security performance. Lastly, we find that collaborative cultures appear to foster compliance yet experience the same level of breaches. These results provide policy insight on effective security programs that harness resources, capabilities, and culture.


Property regulations determine how space is organized, particularly real estate property, which has always held a specific economic and symbolic importance, but which came to the forefront of European consciousness in the twentieth century. In this century of radical changes in political regimes and massive shifts of population, property had an existential impact. The hypothesis of this article, vast on an historical level, is that since at least the beginning of the period of European expansion and religious wars in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, property has been a central instrument for state power, helping define how the population is composed and which regions are inhabited. The growing legalization and the ties established between property and protection of the nation-state contributed to its political instrumentalization, which over the twentieth century became a tool fully in the hands of power.


A coefficient is described which can be used to obtain rapid reliability estimates for scales derived from either factor or cluster analysis. Some affinities with Likert and Guttman scaling are noted. But the total approach is superior to either of these techniques, and to factor or cluster analysis used alone, insofar as it enables the researcher not only to explore the dimensionality of an attitude domain, but also to decide, at the same time, on the number of items required in order to measure each main dimension at an appropriate level of reliability. The degree of reliability to be aimed at in sample survey work is considered, together with associated problems of scale validity, item selection and scoring, and assumptions about the level of measurement.


The essay gives an account of the development of MEMS at home and abroad, analyzes the factors needed in various periods of the industry's development. Based on China's feature of lacking and uneven distribution of the factors needed in the developing the industry, the author suggests exploiting the advantage of regional economy to develop MEMS industry in our country.


In this work, using the high-throughput density functional theory calculation method, the influence of 36 alloying elements on the elastic properties of FCC-Cu was systematically studied, and based on the Labusch model, a linear relationship was fitted between the composition and lattice parameters, and the shear modulus. The solid solution strengthening behavior brought about by alloying was studied quantitatively. The results showed that most alloying elements have solid solution potentiality in copper. The change in the elastic modulus and the strengthening effect of alloying on solid solutions were determined by the elements' positions in the periodic table. In the same period, the alloying elements located in the middle of the period tended to enhance the elastic modulus of copper, while the elements located at both ends have greater solid solution strengthening ability. The predicted results are in good agreement with the experimental values, which provide theoretical guidance for the design of high-performance copper alloys.


In this paper we propose a new algorithm for learning low-dimensional linear subspaces. Our proposed algorithm performs by sequentially finding some low-dimensional subspaces on which a set of training data lies. Each subspace is found in such a way that the number of signals lying on (or near to) it is maximized. Once we found a subset of the training data that is sufficiently close to a subspace, then we omit these signals from the set of training signals and repeat the procedure for the remaining signals until all training signals are assigned to a subspace. This data reduction procedure results in a significant improvement to the runtime of our algorithm. We then propose a robust version of the algorithm to address the situation in which training signals are contaminated by additive white Gaussian noise. Our simulations on synthetic data and image denoising problem show the applicability and the promising performance of our algorithm.


Novel rhodium-catalyzed oxidative decarbonylative homocoupling of aryl aldehydes (I) in the presence of triphenylphosphine affords biaryls (II) as main products and diaryl ketones as by-products.


Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) inspection has gradually replaced manual inspection of transmission tower, which produces many images. While it is laborious and time-consuming to manually analyze these images, there are also challenges in automatically detecting small-size defective components such as bolts in transmission tower images, due to problems including complex background, small size, and many similar objects of bolts. In this paper, by virtue of multi-scale features and context information, we propose a deep neural network named Camp-Net (Context Information and Multi-Scale Pyramid Network) to identify bolts defect in transmission tower images. First, multi-scale feature fusion combines deep features and shallow features in convolutional networks to detect small-size bolts. Second, context information fusion puts the information around bolts into the detection network to remove the disturbance of complex background and similar objects. An image dataset containing defective bolts and normal bolts is constructed for model training and testing. Experimental results show that bolts with loose pins and bolts without pins among fittings in transmission tower can be accurately identified with the proposed model. The Average Precision (AP) of defective bolts detection of this model can be 11.4% higher than that of the commonly used high performance model, Faster R-CNN.


The subject for consideration in the article is the body-idioms with the components of the body 'head', 'hands' and 'feet' -in English, Russian and Mongolian language specific views of the world. It is shown that inter-linguistic comparison of body-idioms establishes correlations of their universal and ethno-specific features in the considered body-idioms. Research also reveals the main factors which define such correlations.


In 2008 a joint team from Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) consisting of specialists in training of IAEA inspectors in the use of complementary access activities formulated a training program to prepare the U.S. Doe laboratories for the entry into force of the Additional Protocol. As a major part of the support of the activity, LANL summer interns provided open source information analysis to the LANL-BNL mock inspection team. They were a part of the Next Generation Safeguards Initiative's (NGSI) summer intern program aimed at producing the next generation of safeguards specialists. This paper describes how they used open source information to 'backstop' the LANL-BNL team's effort to construct meaningful Additional Protocol Complementary Access training scenarios for each of the three DOE laboratories, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Idaho National Laboratory, and Oak Ridge National Laboratory.


[1] The finite volume coastal ocean model (FVCOM) is configured to study the interannual variability of circulation in the Gulf of Maine (GoM) and Georges Bank. The FVCOM-GoM system incorporates realistic time-dependent surface forcing derived from a high-resolution mesoscale meteorological model (MM5) and assimilation of observed quantities including sea surface temperature and salinity and temperature fields on the open boundary. An evaluation of FVCOM-GoM model skill on the New England shelf is made by comparison of computed fields and data collected during the Coastal Mixing and Optics (CMO) Program (August 1996–June 1997). Model mean currents for the full CMO period compare well in both magnitude and direction in fall and winter but overpredict the westward flow in spring. The direction and ellipticity of the subtidal variability correspond but computed magnitudes are around 20% below observed, partially due to underprediction of the variability by MM5. Response of subtidal currents to wind-forcing shows the model captures the directional dependence, as well as seasonal variability of the lag. Hydrographic results show that FVCOM-GoM resolves the spatial and temporal evolution of the temperature and salinity fields. The model-computed surface salinity field compares well, except in May when there is no indication of the fresh surface layer from the Connecticut River discharge noted in the observations. Analysis of model-computed results indicates that the plume was unable to extend to the mooring location due to the presence of a westward mean model-computed flow during that time that was stronger than observed. Overall FVCOM-GoM captures well the dynamics of the mean and subtidal flow on the New England shelf.


In India, of the 49 million hectares (mha) of acid soil, 25 mha has pH below 5.5. Considerable genetic variability for aluminium (Al) tolerance exists in pea seedlings at intraspecific level, which has allowed the selection of tolerant and productive genotypes for acidic soil. Selection and breeding of Al-resistant genotypes are important for increasing seed yield in acidic soil. However, reliable ranking of tolerance in the field screening is difficult because of the temporal and spatial variation in acidic soil. Screening at field level is expensive and time-consuming when a large number of genotypes is under evaluation. Therefore, a rapid and effective screening system is needed to discriminate tolerant and sensitive genotypes. The available screening methods for assessing Al tolerance in crops are based on the inhibition of root elongation in hydroponic culture and visual detection of Al tolerance levels by staining of seedlings root with hematoxylin. However, reports on the use of hematoxylin staining and solution culture method in the screening of Al tolerance in pea are not available. In view of this, efforts were made to determine the effectiveness of the hematoxylin staining method for screening Al tolerance in pea at seedling stage. Seeds of pea were soaked for one day and germinated in tap water. After 5 days, the seedlings were transferred and grown in nutrient solution having 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 ppm Al (supplied as AlCl3⋅6H2O). The pH of the nutrient solution was maintained at 4.5 for all treatments using 1 M HCl. The pH of the Al-treated nutrient solution was measured each day. Four plants per genotype were selected for uniformity in each of the triplicate trays for each Al concentration. After 24 days of growth, the roots were harvested separately and were given 20 s rinse in distilled water to remove surface contamination, followed by blotting to eliminate the entrained moisture. The effect of Al was expressed relative to the control (100%). Relative root length (RRL) was calculated using the formula: RRL (Root length with Al)/(Root length without Al) × 100. The staining protocol was assayed following Polle et al. with partial modifications for visual detection of Al in the roots. Seeds were presoaked in distilled water for 12 h and transferred to a filter paper to germinate in the growth chamber until the cotyledonary leaves emerged. Then the seedlings were transferred to plastic containers in nutrient solution (4.0 mM CaCl2, 6.5 mM KNO3, 2.5 mM MgCl2, 0.1 mM (NH4)2SO4, 0.4 mM NH4NO3) that was adjusted to pH 4.5 with 1 M HCl solution. Seedlings were kept in the above nutrient solution for 2 days under continuous light and aeration. The seedlings were then grown for 24 h on the fresh nutrient solution with 0– 40 ppm Al concentration. The seedlings were placed in aerated distilled water for 60 min to remove Al on the root surface. The stain solution consisted of 2 g/l hematoxylin and 0.2 g/l KIO3 which was prepared in distilled water. Trays containing the seedlings were immersed in hematoxylin staining for 30 min, after which the seedlings were transplanted in flowing distilled water for 30 min, three times. Each seedling was visually scored on the pattern of staining of the primary root tips. Seedlings were tested in completely randomized design with three replications for each Al level. Six seedlings per genotype per replication were visually scored: 0 = no staining, 1 = partial staining, 2 = moderate staining and 3 = deep staining. The 'no staining' and 'partial staining' seedlings were classified as tolerant, the 'moderate staining', seedlings as moderately tolerant, and those deeply stained as sensitive. Data were analysed using Minitab software. Significant differences among Al levels and genotypes and their interaction were observed for RRL and root staining (Table 1), indicating differential response of genotypes to increasing Al concentration in RRL and root staining. Symptoms of Al injury appeared first on the roots. Al-affected primary roots were short and stubby, and lateral roots become peg-like and the whole root system failed to elongate (Figure 1). The main cause for root length inhibition was suggested to be direct inhibition of cell division in the apical meristem. Inhibition of root elongation has been widely recog-


Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/specknotes Part of the Anthropological Linguistics and Sociolinguistics Commons, Archaeological Anthropology Commons, Comparative and Historical Linguistics Commons, Discourse and Text Linguistics Commons, First and Second Language Acquisition Commons, Language Description and Documentation Commons, Linguistic Anthropology Commons, Phonetics and Phonology Commons, Semantics and Pragmatics Commons, Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons, Syntax Commons, and the Typological Linguistics and Linguistic Diversity Commons


Macrophages are known to be phagocytes in the olfactory epithelium of adult rats. The participation of other cell types in phagocytosis in association with the cell death process was examined in the olfactory epithelium after unilateral bulbectomy of neonatal mice. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)‐mediated biotinylated dUTP nick end‐labeling (TUNEL) method revealed that the process of olfactory cell death consists of acute and chronic periods. The number of apoptotic cell profiles on the operated side peaked at 1 day, and the percentage of labeled cell profiles was 13.6%. The number of dying cells rapidly decreased at 3 days and decreased further at 5 days. Only 3% of the cells were labeled at 5 days. The percentage of dying cells increased again at the end of first postoperative week and remained two‐ to four‐fold higher than control values for 2 months (4.7–5.3%). Electron micrographs of sections from early postbulbectomy stages (1–7 days) showed that as many as 30% of supporting cell profiles contained apoptotic bodies, cellular debris, and phagosomes in the cytoplasm. The number of supporting cell profiles containing phagosomes declined to a plateau 2 weeks following bulbectomy and remained at 8–12% of the supporting cell population for 2 months. The results indicate that supporting cells in the olfactory epithelium play a significant role in phagocytosis in both acute and chronic periods of cell death after bulbectomy in newborn mice. However, supporting cells are not the exclusive phagocytic cell type in the bulbectomized epithelium; a small number of macrophages was also observed. Moreover, the phagocytosis by supporting cells was observed in unperturbed epithelium in the early stages during postnatal development. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Abstract 1. When iodine chloride is used for the determination of double bonds in sulfur-vulcanized rubber or GR-S, it undergoes side reactions induced by combined sulfur. 2. Bromine in carbon tetrachloride is believed to give a satisfactory measure of the double bonds in a rubber-sulfur vulcanizate dissolved in dichlorobenzene-chloroform mixture. 3. The relation of one double bond consumed per sulfur atom combined in the rubber-sulfur type vulcanizate was confirmed. 4. Organic accelerators (in the absence of metal activators) catalyze the combination of sulfur without altering the ratio of one double bond loss per sulfur atom combined. 5. The introduction of a metal oxide or soap, such as zinc, causes a different type of vulcanization, which results in less than one double bond consumed per sulfur atom combined. 6. The reactions of propyl sulfide, dodecyl sulfide, propyl disulfide, allyl sulfide, methallyl sulfide, and butylmethallyl sulfide with iodine chloride and with bromine, respectively, are descri...