The separation of authentic vitamin D3 3-stearate, -palmitate, -oleate, and -linoleate, possible metabolites of vitamin D3, was carried out using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization - mass spectrometry (LC/APCI–MS) of these esters was also examined, and a deesterified peak was detected as a base peak. On the contrary, the fatty acid ester derivatized with a Cookson-type reagent, 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione, showed a quasi-molecular ion as an intense peak. The LC/APCI–MS data on the adducts of another Cookson-type reagent having an electron-capture substituent were also reported.


The coverage of religion and mythology in undergraduate courses in the Psychology of Women was explored by (a) surveying a sample of undergraduate instructors (N = 72); and (b) examining coverage in textbooks on the Psychology of Women (N = 95). 48.6% of teachers said they include some coverage, while 43.1% said they never do. The total percentage of coverage in textbooks is small, ranging from a mean of 2.0% in the 1970s to 1.1% in the current decade.


Even though historical circumstances split Bačka region between Serbia and Hungary, its institutions remained determined to implement various policies to strengthen its regional identity and re-establish broken links. This research investigates the potential that discourses revolving around regional identity have in order to mobilize actors and institutions in the formulation of regional development strategies. Findings suggest that those discourses play an important role and that they both provide valuable frameworks within which policies were developed and specific issues considered or marginalized, and can guide policy choices and unify different actors under the policy problem.


The invention relates to a connector with a connector position assurance mechanism and a connector mating body. The invention provides the connector which can realize connector position assurance through coping with action operation omission of a CPA device. A plug connector (10) is provided with a CPA device (14) which can act if joined with a cover type connector (20) at a right position, thereby ensuring right joint through action. The CPA device (14) is provided with the components of a device body (141) which can perform an originally restricted action in right joint; and a joint detecting terminal (142) which is conducted with joining detecting terminals (23,24) of the cover type connector (20) along with action of the device body (141).


Crystalline ciguatoxin isolated from moray eel (Lycodontis ≡ Gymnothorax javanicus) viscera has an LD50 of 0.45 g/kg (i.p., mice). It has a molecular weight of 1111.7 ± 0.2 daltons. 1H NMR studies have shown that it is a polar and highly oxygenated molecule belonging to the class of polyethers. On basic alumina ciguatoxin is reversibly converted to a chromatographically distinct less polar form, which is equally toxic and elicits typical ciguatoxin symptoms in mice.From parrotfish (Scarus sordidus), which originated on a ciguateric reef on Tarawa atoll (Kiribati), we have isolated two toxins that evoke ciguatera symptoms in mice at approximately equal levels. Chromatographic evidence suggests that the two toxins are identical with the two ciguatoxins of different polarity and that the less polar form is the previously described scaritoxin.


CITATION: Votteler, R. G. & Brent, A. C. 2017. A mining perspective on the potential of renewable electricity sources for operations in South Africa : Part 2 – A multi-criteria decision assessment. Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 117(3):299-312, doi:10.17159/2411-9717/2017/v117n3a11.


The reaction of 2,3-diaminopyridine with the dimeric 4,5-dimethylcyclohexa-3,5-dien-1,2-dione gives 7,8-dimethylpyrido[2,3-b]quinoxaline, 1, in good yields; in the same way 3,4-diaminopyridine give...


Abstract : A method is described for the optimal estimation of measurement biases in a Kalman filtering application. The method, which was originally developed by B. Friedland, is based on the decoupling of a large Kalman filter into two smaller filters. One of the smaller filters produces a state estimate which assumes that all measurement biases are zero and the other called the bias filter estimates the measurement biases. The outputs of the two smaller filters are recombined to form the optimal state estimates. Restrictions on the form of the filters which are imposed by the decoupling are discussed. Several extensions of Friedland's original method are presented. Finally, the implementation of the filters via square root filtering techniques is developed.


Tibial hemimelia is an uncommon longitudinal limb deficiency disorder involving the osseous and soft tissue components of the medial part of the leg. It is a syndrome of partial to complete absence of tibia at birth. Because of wide spectrum of presentation of the condition, many authors have tried to classify but none of the classification covers all the variations of tibial hemimelia. The case report presented here is a case of tibial hemimelia with bifurcated ankle having separate skin cover distal end of tibia fibula. This type of tibial hemimelia cannot be classified into any of the category; so far existing classification system is available. Further research is needed to develop a classification system which can include this type of tibial hemimelia.


Publisher information: Organisational Life on Television, by Vande Berg, L and Trujillo, N, Norwood. New Jersey, Ablex, 1989 Includes references.


To understand the evolutionary consequences of poor coadaptation of mitochondrial and nuclear genes, it is necessary to consider in molecular detail the manifestations of mitochondrial dysfunction. Most considerations of mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from mitonuclear incompatibilities focus on protein–protein interactions in the electron transport system, but the interactions of mitochondrial and nuclear genes in enabling the transcription, translation, and replication of mitochondrial DNA can play an equally important role in mitonuclear coevolution and coadaptation. This chapter reviews the extensive literature on how mitochondrial dysfunction is the cause of many inherited human diseases and explains how this biomedical literature connects to a rapidly growing body of research on the evolution and maintenance of coadaptation of mitochondrial and nuclear genes among non-human eukaryotes. The goal of the chapter is to establish the fundamental importance of coadaptation between co-functioning mitochondrial and nuclear genes.


An experimental investigation of steady, laminar, fluid flow and heat transfer in a vertical closed-loop thermosyphon operating with slurries of a microencapsulated phase-change material (MCPCM) suspended in distilled water is presented. The MCPCM particles consisted of a solid-liquid phase-change material (PCM) encapsulated in a thin polymer resin shell. Their effective diameter was in the range 0.5 to 12.5 micrometers, and had a mean value of 2.5 micrometers. The melting and freezing characteristics and the latent heat of fusion of the PCM were determined using a differential scanning calorimeter. The effective density of the MCPCM was measured, and the effective thermal conductivity of the slurries was determined using a published correlation. In the range of parameters considered, it was determined that the slurries exhibit non-Newtonian behavior. The closed-loop thermosyphon consisted of two vertical straight pipes, joined together by two vertical semi-circular 180-degree bends made of the same pipe. An essentially constant heat flux was imposed on a portion of one of the vertical pipes. The wall temperature of a portion of the other vertical pipe was maintained at a constant value. The outer surfaces of the entire thermosyphon were very well insulated. Calibrated thermocouples were used to measure the outer-wall-surface temperature at numerous points over the heated portion and the bulk temperature of the slurry at four different locations. A special procedure was formulated, benchmarked, and used to deduce the mass flow rate of the slurries in the thermosyphon. The investigation was conducted with slurries of MCPCM mass concentration 0% (pure distilled water), 7.471%, 9.997%, 12.49%, 14.95%, and 17.5%. The results are presented and discussed.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


INTRODUCTION
Cerumen was found to be a promising alternative specimen for the detection of drugs. In a pilot study, drugs of abuse were identified at a high detection rate and a longer detection window for abused drugs than in urine. In the present study, cerumen from subjects was analyzed after controlled oral ingestion of the designer stimulant 4-fluoroamphetamine (4-FA).

METHODS
Twelve subjects ingested placebo, 100 mg of 4-FA and five of them also 150 mg 4-FA in 150 ml Royal Club bitter lemon drink, separated by at least 7 days. Cerumen was sampled using cotton swabs at baseline, 1 hour after ingestion of the drug and at the end of the study day (12 hours). After extraction with ethyl acetate followed by solid phase extraction, the extracts were analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In the cerumen of all 12 study subjects, 4-FA could be detected 12 hours after ingestion, and in the cerumen of most subjects already after 1 h, ranging from 0.06 to 13.90 (median 1.52) ng per swab. Detection of 4-FA in cerumen sampled 7 days or more after the first dose suggests a long detection window of cerumen.

CONCLUSION
Cerumen can be successfully applied to detect a single drug ingestion even shortly after ingestion provided a sufficient amount of cerumen can be sampled.


The polycrystalline (with nanosized particles) samples of Pb(Sc0.5Nb(1−x)∕2Tax∕2)O3 (PSNT) (x=0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 1) were prepared using mechanical activation system and the mixed oxide routes. The compounds were found in rhombohedral structure with the presence of a small amount of pyrochlore phase. The changes in the microstructures were observed on increasing Ta contents in PSNT. Studies of dielectric properties as a function of temperature (200–600K) and frequency (1kHz–1MHz) of the sintered samples of different compositions have enabled us to determine the phase transition behavior of relaxor type with the diffuse phase transition for x⩽0.3. For higher values of x (⩾0.5) the diffuse phase transition suggested nonrelaxor type of phase transition in PSNT. The changes in the dielectric/relaxor properties of the compounds are compositional and sintering temperature dependent. The room temperature Raman measurement confirmed the presence of nanosized regions, diffuse phase transition, and relaxor ferroe...


The article describes the ways to apply solvency indicators while assessing the going concern which has become one of the most important factors of reliability and economic partnership in the global financial crisis. Methodologies of solvency assessment regulated by law and grounded on liquidity ratios have been criticized by the leading scientists and experts in the field of analysis. The author reviews the publications on application of liquidity ratios to solvency assessment and lists the basic contradictions between liquidity and solvency concepts arising in the process of liquidity ratios calculation. Firstly, the absence of dependence between solvency and duration of different property types transformation into cash when the production process continues or stops only for a short period of time. Secondly, liquidity ratios do not reflectthe assets ability to be transformed into cash. Thirdly, when calculating liquidity ratios the balance value of assets and liabilities in the balance sheet is not adjusted with regard to the period of their turnover. Fourthly, assessments of accounts payable and of property other than cash to cover them are incomparable. In conclusion, the author proposes an approach to the solvency assessment based on the ability of the economic entity to generate cash flow.


Background: Numerous types of airborne particles representing by-products of mechanical processes such as milling, abrading or polishing are characterized by platelet-like shapes. Besides these particles of the micrometer scale also nanoplatelets consisting of single or multiple layers of graphene sheets can be theoretically dispersed in the atmosphere. The present study describes the theoretical behavior of variably sized platelets in the airways of the human respiratory tract.
 Methods: Aerodynamic characteristics of inhaled platelets belonging to the nano- or micrometer scale were approximated by application of the projected-area diameter concept describing particle orientation in the air-conducting lung structures and by calculation of the related aerodynamic diameter. Particle transport was assumed to take place in a stochastic lung architecture with respective variability of morphometric determinants in single airway generations. Deposition mechanisms used for the computations included Brownian motion, inertial impaction, interception, and gravitational settling. Calculations were conducted for three different breathing scenarios (sitting, light-exercise, and heavy-exercise breathing) and for platelets ranging in thickness from 10 nm to 1 µm and in maximal projected-area diameter from 1 to 30 µm.
 Results: Under sitting breathing conditions platelets with a thickness of 10 nm deposit in the airways by 21% to 40%, whereby a "hot spot" of deposition can be observed in airway generation 20. In the case of platelets with a thickness of 100 nm, deposition fractions ranging from 20.9% to 78.3% (maximum in airway generation 20) can be predicted. Platelets adopting a thickness of 1 µm deposit in the airways by 54.2% to 99.6% (maximum in airway generation 21). Increase of the breathing intensity can have either a reducing or enhancing effect on local deposition.
 Conclusions: Due to the partly high deposition fractions of platelets measured in the lung airways, these particles may bear the potential to act as serious health hazards that have to be subjected to further studies in the future.


The ways to connect the historical heritage with the contemporary town have included, in the last years, various graphical solutions, most of all based on historical photography and sometimes even on painted views, which were carried out by artists from the past. The aim of this article is to define a proper easy-to-use procedure to match the point of view of a historical photography with a new one, in order to accurately compare the previous state with the reality of our time. An analysis of the existing solutions for this kind of image production will be carried out to check their alignment with the needs of the research. A significant attention will be given to the study of perspective rules as they are the basis of the whole process. The development of the procedures that will be proposed comes from the belief that a correct interpretation of the photographic language and techniques are the basis of a correct processing. It can be done not only by using software solutions, but also by employing classical shooting strategies, for example, using technical cameras or tilt and shift lenses reinterpreting the construction of the picture and its composition, as well as the correct use of the photographic device. Some application examples will be also included to illustrate the accuracy of the results and to bring back details from the past that will be compared with the current state, in order to preserve the historical memory of many monuments from the past.


The invention provides a high temperature resistant sensor for a flowmeter. The high temperature resistant sensor comprises a base, a dowel bar, a deformable body connected between the base and the dowel bar, a strain gauge fixedly arranged at the upper part of the base and provided with a deformable part, and an oscillation lever, wherein the lower end of the oscillation lever is fixedly arranged on the dowel bar, the upper end of the oscillation lever passes through an avoiding hole of the deformable body and a central hole of the base, and the oscillation lever is in contact with the deformable part of the strain gauge; when the oscillation lever swings along the dowel bar, the deformable part of the strain gauge can be driven to perform corresponding deformation. The high temperature resistant sensor is simple in structure and convenient in assembly; the strain gauge is arranged at the upper part of the base and can be prevented from being damaged due to the action of high temperature in high-temperature fluid.


A wideband CMOS LC tank voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with low phase noise variations and a linearized gain has been designed using a new binary-weighted switched-capacitor and digitally-controlled varactor bank. The novel design has the advantages of more linear VCO frequency tuning, lower phase noise and reduced gain to variations in supply voltage. The proposed VCO has been designed using UMC 90-nm, 6-metal CMOS technology and features phase noise variation of less than 4.9 dBc/Hz. The VCO operates from 3.45 to 6.55 GHz, with phase noise of -133.4 dBc/Hz at a 1 MHz offset, a figure of merit (FoM) of -203.3 dBc/Hz, less than 41 dBm spurious harmonics, and a total VCO core current consumption of 1.18 mA from a 3.3 V voltage supply. To the authors' knowledge, this is the lowest phase noise variation ever reported.


In this work, we have tested individual and combination of applications of ozonolysis and liquid hot water (LHW) to pretreat sugarcane bagasse (SCB) for the removal of enzyme and/or microbial inhibitors and generation of potential value-added chemicals. A solid content with 80% cellulose and a liquid phase (liquor) rich in phenolic derived compounds (3 g.L−1) from lignin, sugars (>20 g.L−1), and other compounds, such as furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), were generated. Maximal (59%) glucan conversion occurred in the presence of double-pretreated bagasse, which had 32–50% more glucan available than the samples that were individually LHW or ozone-pretreated, resulting in maximal ethanol production (92% after 42 h) from double-pretreated SCB enzyme hydrolyzate. In summary, this work showed that ozone reacts effectively with lignin without the use of any other chemical reagent, and LHW pretreatment, followed by a washing step, was effective in solubilizing and cleaning up the fiber enzyme and microbial inhibitory compounds with ozone being effective against phenolics. Moreover, the generated cellulose-rich substrate is readily fermentable. The acidic liquor fraction removed by sequential washings and containing mainly sugars and phenolic compounds may be evaluated for use in green chemistry bioconversions processes.


With the high proportional renewable energy integration and rapid increase in the DC loads, such as the electric vehicle and distributed energy storage, the DC distribution system becomes a prospective solution for the urban power grid enhancement for its high-efficiency and eco-friendly nature. In most DC distribution systems, power interfaces are applied to connect low-voltage DC (LVDC) distribution systems with multiple medium-voltage (MV) systems in order to improve the operating reliability and economy. Compared to other types of multiports power interfaces, the three-port-isolated modular multilevel converter (I-M2C) has shown many advantages, including low cost, high power density, and low control complexity. However, the I-M2C cannot handle the power imbalance at the bipolar LVDC port like the other MMC-based three-port power interfaces, which limits the operating range and decreases the stability of the I-M2C in bipolar LVDC application. In order to solve the bipolar imbalance problems, a novel balance control method is proposed in this article. The proposed balance control method is based on symmetrical decomposition. By decoupling the MV power control and the LV bipolar power compensation control, the proposed method can eliminate the bipolar voltage deviation under different working conditions. The simulation results prove the validity and good control performance of the proposed method.


Abstract For much of the second half of 20th century, student political activism occupied a special place in the history of many countries and Singapore is no exception. Driven by their youthful energy, idealism and romanticism before they were tied down by the heavy burdens of family, career and property ownership, students of Singapore had also once surged to the forefront of national politics, exerted an influence out of proportion to their numbers and become a force to be reckoned with. Although student politics is an important part of the history of Singapore, the understanding of this topic has been much shackled and its positioning ambiguous. Under the influence of the Cold War rhetoric and with an eagerness to inscribe a victor's version of events, the ruling People's Action Party has scripted a national history which simplified the student community into the polarized binary of those who received education under the Chinese medium of instruction and those who learnt in English. The rigidity of this official articulation has led to the tendency of apportioning much greater attention to student activism associated with the former group, while sidelining parallel developments in the latter and largely ignoring the inter‐connectivity between these two groups. It has also framed Chinese educated activists as being the natural agents of Communism. In recent years, this official paradigm has come under contestation by historical political memories, reinterpretation of sources, and emergence of alternative representations through popular culture. This revisionism exposes the disjuncture between the party's current attempt to entice present‐day students out of their deeply‐seated political apathy and its omission to reconsider the nature and contribution of past student politics. It also opens up unprecedented space for reflections about civic culture and political maturity in Singapore today.


ABSTRACT Climate scenarios are important information for water planning, but, in some cases, they disagree with recent climate alterations, which affects their robustness and reliability. Robustness evaluation can help identifying areas that should be prioritized by in water sector adaptation to climate change. Although crucial, this kind of analysis has been overlooked in most climate change assessments, for instance in South America. This study assesses the robustness and reliability of river discharge scenarios by comparing them with observed and modelled data. Areas where current changes and scenarios agree are more likely to experience changes and, therefore, water planners should pay special attention to them. Tocantins-Araguaia, São Francisco, Western Northeast Atlantic and upper La Plata basins agreed with a discharge decrease, indicating that climate change should be prioritized in planning. Orinoco and upper-western Amazon basins showed strong disagreement between recent and projected discharge alterations, with positive change in last decades, showing that scenarios in these regions should be carefully interpreted. With this, water planners could interpret Northeastern and upper-central South America as presenting more likely scenarios in comparison to Amazon and Orinoco basins.


For years, rumors have circulated that the code for the original DOS
operating system created by Microsoft for the IBM personal computer is actually
copied from the CP/M operating system developed by Digital Research
Incorporated. In this paper, scientifically tested and accepted forensic
analysis mathematical techniques, step-by-step processes, and advanced software
code comparison tools are used to compare early versions of the two code bases.
The conclusion is reached that no copying of code takes place1.


Disclosed is a process for the production of highly aromatic reformates in high yield from a naphtha feed fraction by high-severity catalytic reforming using a reforming catalyst which includes a hydrocracking promotor metal. The process comprises reforming the stock under conditions of high severity in a plurality of sequentially arranged reaction zones in which the concentration of the hydrocracking promotor metal of the reforming catalyst is adjusted to provide a minimal hydrocracking activity relative to the other reforming reactions to the catalyst in the first reaction zones, and an enhanced hydrocracking activity to the catalyst in the last reaction zones. The reformates produced according to this process are particularly useful in the blending of high aromatic content gasoline and/or in the production of high purity aromatic hydrocarbons.


Melting points of four polycaprolactam samples of different molecular weight and their mixtures with various diluents were determined. Heats of fusion and polymer–diluent energy of mixing parameters were calculated according to the theory of Flory. The heats of fusion were found to be about 38 cal./g. The experimental results (independence from molecular weight above a certain value, and from the nature of terminal groups, etc.) agree with the theory. However, in a few cases of poor solvents anomalous behavior can be suspected.


AbstractTime-invariant contributing area and full hydrologic connectivity are commonly assumed in traditional watershed delineation and modeling. In reality, however, contributing area of a depression-dominated prairie basin varies and undergoes a progressive evolution process that is characterized by unique threshold behaviors associated with the depression filling–spilling–merging–splitting–depleting dynamics. The research reported in this paper aims to precisely delineate prairie potholes and the associated wetlands, effectively characterize their dynamic hydrotopographic properties, and further quantify the resultant threshold behaviors and spatiotemporal variability in hydrologic connectivity. Delineation and modeling for a wetland site in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) highlighted the crucial role of topographic characteristics in the formation, evolution, and connectivity of prairie potholes. Particularly, the modeling tests for real rainfall demonstrated the significant impacts of complex rainfa...


'Welcome to Wooli. Population 600', a road sign reads as we drive into this pretty seaside village. Rattler visits Wooli Outreach Preschool, which operates one day a week from a community hall.


IEEE802.16e is introduced and analyzed relatively in detail in this paper, including elementary characteristics, primary application, protocol model of air interface criterion, physical layer and MAC layer.


It is usually infeasible to fit and train an entire large deep neural network (DNN) model using a single edge device due to the limited resources. To facilitate intelligent applications across edge devices, researchers have proposed partitioning a large model into several sub-models, and deploying each of them to a different edge device to collaboratively train a DNN model. However, the communication overhead caused by the large amount of data transmitted from one device to another during training, as well as the sub-optimal partition point due to the inaccurate latency prediction of computation at each edge device can significantly slow down training. In this paper, we propose AccEPT, an acceleration scheme for accelerating the edge collaborative pipeline-parallel training. In particular, we propose a light-weight adaptive latency predictor to accurately estimate the computation latency of each layer at different devices, which also adapts to unseen devices through continuous learning. Therefore, the proposed latency predictor leads to better model partitioning which balances the computation loads across participating devices. Moreover, we propose a bit-level computation-efficient data compression scheme to compress the data to be transmitted between devices during training. Our numerical results demonstrate that our proposed acceleration approach is able to significantly speed up edge pipeline parallel training up to 3 times faster in the considered experimental settings.


Abstract We show that in the models of u < ∂ from [14] there are infinitely many near-coherence classes of ultrafilters, thus answering Banakh's and Blass' Question 30 of [3] negatively. By an unpublished result of Canjar, there are at least two classes in these models.


Objective: To observe and compare the clinical and radiological results of two kinds of interbody fusion cages after anterior decompression through cervical disc space.Methods:Fifty-two patients with cervical spondylosis and disc herniation were stabilized by using interbody fusion cages after anterior decompression through cervical disc space,among them,22 cases with Syncage C,30 cases with BAK.The clinical results and radiological measurements between the two groups were compared.Results:The patients were followed up for more than 18 months.The interbody height,physiologic radian and the recovery rate in the Syncage C group were higher than those in the BAK group after operation.Conclusion:Comparing with BAK,Syncage C can effectively maintain the interbody height and physiologic radian,which improves the treatment outcomes.


Drought is a major limiting factor affecting productivity. Wheat is a major crop and staple food in Paki stan. Genetic linkage map construction based on linked DNA markers spanning whole wheat genome and subsequently QTL mapping for drought tolerance is a way forward to enhance breeder's ability for effective selection. An F8 population derived from the cross of OPATA x SH-349 has been used. An experiment was conducted at germination stage under controlled conditions. The drought was induced by15% PEG nutrient solution in acid washed sand medium. Microsatellite DNA markers data were used for linkage maps construction. Morphological data under drought and non-stressed conditions along with linkage maps data were used for QTL mapping. The results of QTL analysis using single marker ana lysis showed 14 SSR markers linked to QTLs for five traits in both drought and control condition. Using simple interval mapping and composite interval mapping 12 QTLs for different traits of interest were found. Implications of found QTLs and linked markers are discussed.


The purpose of this study is to investigate if the integration of ipad as a tool can promote children´s reading development with focus on whether the ipad as a tool for reading aloud to 4-5 yers ol ...


The purpose of the study is to know the relation chronic exercise to the change of serum lipid, a factor of the disease of adult people. The subjects were 17 healthy men in their 50s and proceeded the exercise for 12 weeks at the 70% of their maximal heart rate. The training frequency was 5 times a week and exercise time was 30 minutes. Measured three times, before the training, after 6-week training, and after 12-week training and repeated measures ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. The results are 1. Triglyceride and total cholesterol are reduced significantly after 12-week training comparing with them before the training(p<.001) 2. High density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein cholesterol are also reduced significantly after 6-week training, 12-week training respectively comparing with them before the training(p<.001). 3. Hemoglobin was reduced significantly after 6-week training, 12-week training respectively comparing with it before the training(p<.001). In conclusion, when the subjects continued doing exercise for 12 weeks at the intensity of 70% of their maximal heart rate, the serum lipid was changed reducing significantly. Accordingly, the training intensity and duration of this study will notice the sedentary weekers in their 50s the importance of chronic exercise.


We present an experimental study of electron collimation triggered by an ∼1 × 1018 W/cm2 laser pulse irradiated onto wire-like targets. The collimation effect is observed to vary with the laser intensity and target shape. From the resulting electron angular distributions obtained under different experimental conditions, we deduce that the collimated electron charge grows in proportion with the −1/2 power of wire diameters and the square of pulse energies. Numerical simulations are conducted to study the electron behavior's dependence on the transient field and experimental conditions and are found to reproduce the experimental features.We present an experimental study of electron collimation triggered by an ∼1 × 1018 W/cm2 laser pulse irradiated onto wire-like targets. The collimation effect is observed to vary with the laser intensity and target shape. From the resulting electron angular distributions obtained under different experimental conditions, we deduce that the collimated electron charge grows in proportion with the −1/2 power of wire diameters and the square of pulse energies. Numerical simulations are conducted to study the electron behavior's dependence on the transient field and experimental conditions and are found to reproduce the experimental features.


Multiple access systems for processing data from online experiments or remote consoles are normally treated by time-slicing multiprogramming techniques. A substantial share of CPU time is consumed with program swapping, terminal polling and buffering, I/O control, etc. This increases the overhead time loss and/or decreases the number of terminals a system can accommodate.


Dynamical system is a mathematical approach to model the non-linear dynamics of complex systems over space and time. A causality-informed genetic programming (GP) ensemble methodology has been proposed recently by the authors to automatically infer dynamical systems from system observations. The method adopts a variable decomposition approach relies on expert defined causal models. However, in practice these models are bound to have inconsistencies due to human involvement. Hence, in this paper we evaluate the sensitivity of the ensemble method to the accuracy of input causal models that are used as ground truth in the formation of the ensemble. This is done by varying the accuracy of known causal models through introducing deliberate noise in models' causal relationships. Three benchmark problems are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed methodology where the output of different ensembles is compared with a standard GP algorithm. The empirical results show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology in inferring closely matching target equations under different levels of noise and learning better models than the standard GP algorithm in most cases.


Swollen and painful joints in the hands of women over 40 years of age present a diagnostic problem. We have seen a number of patients whose signs and symptoms conformed to the criteria laid down by Kellgren and Moore (1952) for primary generalized osteo-arthritis but who, in addition, had swollen and painful metacarpophalangeal joints, particularly the second and third, and often involvement of the wrists. Frequently there was associated periarticular swelling. In these cases the differential diagnosis between osteo-arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis on clinical, radiological, or serological grounds was extremely difficult. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine to what extent biopsy of the small joints of the hand could contribute to an earlier diagnosis. Histological studies of joint tissue in rheumatoid arthritis and osteo-arthritis have mostly been confined to biopsy specimens from large joints or post mortem material. Early joint lesions in rheumatoid arthritis were described by Kulka, Bocking, Ropes, and Bauer (1955), using biopsy material from the knee joint. Cruickshank (1952), discussing changes in the synovial tissue in rheumatoid diseases, included the proximal interphalangeal joint, but we have been unable to find any reference to a series of biopsy studies of the small joints of the hand. The present study was therefore concerned with three main problems: (1) To find out whether biopsy of a small joint of the hand was a reasonable operative procedure, yielding sufficient suitable material. (2) To find out whether the histological picture of the biopsy material could be correlated


This paper elaborated the connotation of martial arts value and its content,pointed out that there existed the ignorance of the value in school education and social sport.It analyzed this and put forward the countermeasure.


Background : the growth of banana plants together with good soil treatment is very important. Objective : study aims to evaluate the growth of banana plants with the use of organic fertilizers compared to banana plants treated with inorganic and untreated fertilizers. Method : a comparative study was carried out with banana plants treated with organic, inorganic and untreated fertilizers (control). Different times were used to evaluate the growth of the stem and the plant and comparisons were made between the three groups and between the group treated with organic and inorganic fertilizer. Results : it is evident that both the plants treated with organic and inorganic fertilizer have a similar growth and both higher than the controls. Conclusions : the results show that the treatment with organic fertilizer allows an adequate growth of the banana plants.


Small and medium-sized medical libraries are facing a lot of difficulties such as shortage of funding and manpower, small collection, lack of qualified technical personnel, low automation, backward in management mode. The author proposes that integration of special collection and information resource on Internet is an effective way for their development.


Low power networks are considered nowadays as a fundamental environment for connecting and communicating various "things." Such connected things form the hot topic Internet-of-Things IoT that empha...