Rock salt pieces show a considerable increase in plasticity after immersion in water. This effect has been attributed either to a surface effect (Joffe) or to diffusion of water into the bulk of the crystal (Smekal). Experiments were made in which the infrared absorption spectra of artificial NaCl and KBr single crystals were measured before and after immersion in water. No water could be detected unless the crystals were previously crushed or cleaved to form large cracks. It is concluded that water can enter the crystal only through large cracks, and that Joffe's model is more probable than Smekal's model. (D.L.C.)


This paper describes various traffic control systems on the Hanshin Expressway, Japan, that implement information services and traffic control, and outlines future aims for advanced traffic control systems in Japan. In 1992, the Hanshin Expressway was 158km long, and was travelled by about 820,000 vehicles per day. Its traffic control system incorporates control strategies to maximise its usage, and ensure safe and comfortable driving. Traffic data are collected by ultrasonic vehicle detectors, and used to compute congestion, queue length and travel time statistics. Closed circuit television (CCTV) is used to confirm incidents and areas of congestion. The traffic data are then processed further, and information displays for drivers are transmitted to: (1) character information boards; (2) graphic information boards; (3) travel time information boards; (4) highway advisory radio broadcasts; (5) dial-in telephone services; and (6) computer bulletin boards. On-ramp traffic control is carried out, to ease congestion, and uses surveillance detection and CCTV. The number of tollbooths in operation can be restricted, and on-ramps can be closed, to adjust traffic flow onto the expressway. Japan aims to expand its traffic control systems further, by incorporating the latest electronic, computing and telecommunications technologies. For the covering abstract see IRRD 867146.


We present an energy-efficient multithreading architecture for mobile ray tracing, which constitutes a dynamic reordering of the rays in input buffer according to the results of cache accesses. Unlike to the previous works, our architecture is cost-effective, because it does not need dedicated memory for storing threads, and is also energy-efficient, because it does not bypass the invalidated rays. Simulation results show that our architecture is a potential graphics solution for low-power ray tracing hardware as it provides a better performance-energy efficiency up to 5.5 times that of previous architectures.


The production process of an agricultural and industrial complex (AIC) includes processing of big areas of fertile soil that receive sun-generated electromagnetic energy. This is one of the peculiarities of the AIC, determined by the fact that the AIC produces primary (plantbased) food. The plants use part of the sun-generated energy to synthesise biological energy, which forms the nutrition value of the product and which is measured by a rational (relative) factor per unit of area. A plant community is a biological system where each plant is a biological element. The amount of fuel energy (which is anthropogenic unlike sun-generated energy) consumed by an AIC company to produce plant-based food is determined by the energy efficiency of the technical elements (fuel cells, both mobile and immobile) included in the consumer energy system (CES).Crops also supply food for livestock farming, which is the second biological branch of AIC and produces the second type of food, meat and poultry. Animals and poultry are raised using daily feed flow as the source of energy. As the energy consumption and the energy efficiency (expenses and return on investment, respectively) are determined by the technical part of the consumer energy system, it is necessary to find the dependence between the CES and biological systems (crop farming and animal farming) in the food production process.


Rolling contact loading causes a remarkable plastic flow at the contact surface of rail
and wheel or the surface of a pair of disks rotating under normal force. It is supposed
that significant residual stress, work hardening and preferred orientation will be
introduced as well as the plastic flow, and the combination of all of those factors may
cause the fatigue damage to the specimen. In the present study, the mode of plastic
flow and the preferred orientation with respect to the tangential force, or slip at the
contact region were measured. The experimental results were nearly the same for
both laboratory tested disk specimen and a used rail. The distribution of degree of
plastic flow showed good agreement with the work hardening of the flowed region,
besides the mode of plastic flow is nearly the same as the calculated result. The
major texture component at the flowed region was near (111) [11¯0] and near
(111) [112¯] which are the major components of cold rolling texture being formed by
the combination of compressive stress and weak shear stress.


Investment funds appeared on the Polish financial market in 1992. Over the years, we can observe the dynamic development of this form of capital investment. The key question for investors when choos- ing an investment fund is the selection of the most effective funds offered by the Investment Funds Companies (TFI). This article focuses on the analysis of the effectiveness of equity funds in the period 2005-2012, with particular emphasis on the period of the largest declines in the financial markets in 2008-2009. When assessing the effectiveness of the funds the following indicators and risk measures were used: the return rate, standard deviation and coefficient of determination. The study also used the following risk-adjusted measures: Sharpe ratio, Jensen's Alpha, the Modigliani-Modigliani measure. A thesis was postulated that during the mentioned period equity funds recorded a decrease in their ef- fectiveness. In the course of the study, the above statement was proved correct. The analysis, based on selected measures of the efficiency of investment funds, allowed to draw a conclusion that the results of Polish equity funds are characterized by approximately two-year delay in the range of impacts on the global economic crisis.


The constant extraction of plant biomass for the cooking of food has generated pressure on forest resources in Latin America. Improved stoves reduce the use of solid fuel and decrease the generation of gas; however, the use of this technology continues to promote the consumption of firewood. The use of residual biomass by integrating gasification into the current cooking system can represent an alternative for this problem. This research focuses on evaluating the implementation of micro gasification to a portable improved stove, by calculating energy efficiencies and quantifying total gas concentrations. The principle of the water boiling test was applied, modifying the maximum expected temperature to 60 °C. The solid fuels used were pine, oak and pellets. The operation of the micro gasifier was evaluated for the development of an operating protocol and its performance compared to the rocket combustion chamber. The evaluations with the highest energy efficiency in percentage terms were recorded when operating the micro gasifier with pine (37.52) and oak (37.55). With respect to emissions, the best scenario was presented in the evaluation of the micro gasifier with pellets, with emissions of 1.44 g/kg of CO and 0.45 mg/kg of PM2.5. The influential factors were the size of fuel and the oxygen present in the airflow.


In order to study the effects of duck plus Azolla sp. and nitrogen on dry matter partitioning to root and shoot of rice in rice-duck farming system, an experiment was conducted at Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University during 2012. Experiment was arranged in split plot based randomized complete block design with three replicates. Main plots were ducks number at four levels (control, 400, 800 and 1200 ducks per ha -1 ) and Azolla plus nitrogen assigned to the sub plots at four levels (control, nitrogen as the rate of 50 kg ha -1 , Azolla as the rate of 500 g m -2 and Azolla plus nitrogen). Analysis of variance showed highly significant differences for the number of ducks, Azolla + nitrogen and their interaction effects in terms of shoot fresh weight, shoot+ root fresh weight, shoot to root fresh weight, shoot dry weight and shoot to root dry weight. The results revealed the highest values of shoot fresh weight (193 g. plant -1


Purpose

This paper examines the effect of ownership structure on bank risk-taking and performance in emerging economies by using India as a case study.

Design/methodology/approach

We use generalised method of moments (GMM) estimation technique to analyse an unbalanced panel data set covering 217 bank-year observations from 2008 to 2011.

Findings

Overall, our study results suggest that government ownership is positively associated with default risk and negatively related to bank profitability. Interestingly, we find foreign ownership having a positive effect on default risk and a negative effect on profitability among the listed commercial banks. The effect of ownership concentration on bank risk-taking and profitability appears to be statistically insignificant.

Originality/value

This study is among the first to consider the impact of ownership on bank risk-taking and profitability from an emerging economy perspective. It also addresses the problem of endogenous relationships among ownership, risk-taking and performance of a bank. This study is likely to have implications for policymakers in undertaking regulatory reforms relating to ownership, risk management and banking sector stability.


This study is a meta-analysis that circumscribes Fundamental Communication Science and deals with clarifying the ontological status of "communication". It seems that three contradictory and inflexible positions have appeared: communication as a term, communication as a notion and communication as a concept. It is generally accepted the use of communication as a "term" in unscientific rhetoric. Then it can be noted that communication-notion may accede in non-specialized contexts. It shows that there is a naive representation and a specialized representation of communication. Finally, it is shown that in the scientific domain there is the need to use communication-concept configuration: scientific knowledge requires concepts.


The review is focused on some aspects of the synthesis, functionalization, and properties of optically transparent metalcontaining polymer materi als. A distinctive feature of these materials is a combination of a high transparency in the visible spectral range and a high content of metals that are distributed in a polymer matrix as complex compounds or colloidal particles formed by metal com� pounds or metals in their element states. Depending on their composition, the materials selectively transform electromagnetic radiation and particles flows hazardous to health, luminesce, are moder� ately conducting, etc. The properties of the material can be predicted and formed purposively in the stage of the preparation of initial compositions, which introduces various modifiers.


Based on practical materials, analyze the surface deformation of Shijiazhuang 35 kV transformer substation,evaluate its stability and provide some views.


The differential cross section for the process $\gamma \gamma \to \pi^0 \pi^0$ has been measured in the kinematic range 0.6 GeV $ 1.4$ GeV, we obtain results on light-quark resonances and charmonia. We also compare the observed angular dependence and ratios of cross sections for neutral-pair and charged-pair production to QCD models. Differential cross sections are fitted in the energy region, $1.4 \GeV < W < 2.2 \GeV$, with a simple model where partial waves consist of resonances such as $f_2'(1525)$, $f_2(1950)$ and $f_4(2050)$ and smooth backgrounds. In the higher energy region, we observe production of the $\chi_{c0}$ charmonium state and obtain the product of its two-photon decay width and the branching fraction to $\pi^0\pi^0$. The energy and angular dependences above 3.1 GeV are compatible with those measured in the $\pi^+\pi^-$ channel, and in addition we find that the cross section ratio, $\sigma(\pi^0\pi^0)/\sigma(\pi^+\pi^-)$, is $0.32 \pm 0.03 \pm 0.05$ on average in the 3.1-4.1 GeV region.


PURPOSE: To provide the title method, the title membrane having reduced permeation resistance, and the title cell having excellent discharge characteristics due to the low permeation resistance. CONSTITUTION: An ion-exchange membrane constituted of a fluoropolymer is immersed in a water-miscible organic solvent to swell the membrane, which is then rolled to reduce its thickness. Thus, the membrane comes to have a reduced thickness, heightened water content, and reduced permeation resistance. With this membrane, a fuel cell having excellent discharge characteristics is obtained. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO&Japio


There are two-way effects of global expansion of MNCs' value chain.On the one hand,it helps promote economies of the developing countries,thus contributing to the global economy rise.on the other hand,it makes adverse effects to the developing countries.The analysis object of this paper is weakening of MNCs' social responsibility in China.Based on the critical review of previous literatures at home and abroad,this paper explains this phenomenon within the framework of SCP paradigm of industrial organization theory and with relevant knowledge of game theory.This paper argues that this phenomenon is not accidental,but rooted in uneven economic development.Under the local government protectionism,the market structures of domestic related industries have been distorted and separated.Moreover,MNCs in China gains advantages in the game with domestic related interest groups,so they are bound to form double standards of social responsibility.


Hypertension has its contribution from atherosclerosis or metabolic factors. It is commonly diagnosed with a sphygmomanometer (blood pressure cuff) which only outputs systolic (Ps) and diastolic (Pd) pressures. Hypertensive patients are then administered oral medication whose effect on arterial compliance (C), an index of vascular stiffness, cannot be accurately determined merely from Ps and Pd values. The underlying blood pressure waveforms are normally obtained clinically through catheterization. Vascular stiffness index (VSI) can then be computed from pulse waveform analysis (PWA). However, there are controversies as to whether a constant single-valued C alone is sufficient for assessing VSI. We investigated the time-varying, pressure-dependent characteristics of arterial compliance (C(P)) with a nonlinear model of the arterial system during normal, induced hypertension and vasodilator-treated conditions. Results show that C(P) differs from constant compliance C and that C(P) can rapidly reflect underlying beat-to-beat variations in arterial compliance and can effectively serve as a reliable index of VSI. It can be used for accurate evaluation of the efficacy of blood pressure altering drugs.


Reinforcement Learning has performed remarkably well in various games and has the potential to surpass human level gameplay. Although it does good in turn-based games, complex game genres like fighting or much more complex 3D shooters are still a challenge. The created ML model can teach itself how to play a specific game so that it can be used to test the games for completeness, bugs, and irregularities. The model is also used to find out if there are any ways to speed run games by exploiting certain in-game mechanisms or to check if any characters or abilities are overpowered. Models were created for a few games to identify how well these AI models can perform and see what kind of differences were required to switch between the games.


Three AATCC standard test methods on anti-bacteria for textiles are introduced including the test principle,content, applied field and the evaluation.The evaluations for the three testing methods are given in order to select and use them effectively.


"The Eternal One tests humans to underscore their total and sovereign free will. The individual may do as they will, or—indeed— choose not to perform an action which goes against their wishes . . . The Eternal One, in setting a test, commands the individual to manifest latent potential, that is, to turn ability into actuality." — The Ramban (1194–1270) on Genesis 22:1


A review is made of the rotating flow components of port injected engines and its effects on turbulence and subsequently flame propagation in the combustion chamber. Rotating flow is contributory of turbulence and thus reduced burning time: important in lean mixture and alternative fueling conditions. Additionally, rotating flow is found to increase flame propagation, reduce cycle-by-cycle variations and increase the lean limit. Swirl has been the focus of a large body of research, however it is emerging that the optimum flow characteristics may be a combination of axial swirl and tumble (flow rotation orthogonal to the cylinder axis.) Features such as mean velocity and turbulence fields are reviewed as is flow generation, decay and enhancements of turbulence. Improved experimental methods are leading to increased understanding of the effect of swirl and tumble conditions on engine operation.


In this paper,a new method was developed for the treatment of crystal violet wastewater.The method involved the utilization of microwave radiation to the wastewater in the presence of activated carbon and air.The influences of several factors on the removal efficiency were studied in detail.From the experimental results,some important conclusions were obtained and presented as follow:(1)The pyrolysis and oxidation of crystal violet was raised by microwave radiation,with the addition of activated carbon and air conduce to the pyrolysis and oxidation could be intensified.(2)The removal rate of crystal violet was directly proportion to the power of microwave,radiation time,amount of activated carbon and initial concentration of crystal violet.(3)The removal rate could reach up to 99.6% under optimum conditions.The results suggested that the proposed method may be useful for the treatment of crystal violet wastewater.


Reset controllers are standard linear compensators equipped with mechanism to instantaneously reset their states. With respect to pure linear control, there is evidence that this reset action is capable of improving control system tradeoffs. This paper's objective is to analyze the stability of a particular example of reset control system when excited by constant inputs. Our main result shows that the equilibrium point of the closed-loop dynamics is asymptotically stable.


We examine whether and how mandatory climate reporting leads to changes in firms' carbon emissions. Drawing on legitimacy theory and using a difference-in-differences design, we assess the effect of the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program (GHGRP), introduced by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 2010, on the carbon performance defined as carbon intensity and absolute carbon emissions of affected firms. We find that firms affected by the GHGRP improve their carbon intensity significantly more than unaffected firms after the introduction of the GHGRP, but not their absolute carbon emissions. The results are robust to changes in the difference-in-differences design. Overall, our study contributes to research on mandatory climate reporting by assessing the GHGRP's suitability to generate a real sustainable change in firms' operations and reduce their negative impact on our climate.


The results of an investigation about the magnetic agents outside the Earth's surface as well as the Earth's magnetic elements for the epochs 1550, 1900, 1915 are presented. The secular changes of the Earth's magnetic elements during the time interval 1550 - 1900 are also included.


Background: Reconstructive microsurgery is an effective limb-saving option for nonhealing lower extremity wounds in diabetic patients. However, the ability to predict the future need for amputation is unclear. This article seeks to identify risk factors for amputation following microsurgical free tissue transfer in the diabetic lower extremity. Methods: Diabetic patients undergoing lower extremity free flap surgery between August of 2011 and January of 2018 performed by a single surgeon were identified retrospectively. Patient comorbidities, reconstructive conditions and flap traits, microsurgical outcomes, and long-term outcomes were examined. Variables conferring risk for future amputation were examined by means of regression analysis. Results: Sixty-four patients met the criteria. The overall immediate flap success rate was 94 percent (60 of 64). Long term, 50 patients (78.1 percent) underwent successful salvage, and 14 patients (21.9 percent) required major amputation. Acute flap loss resulted in four amputations, and delayed complications (hematoma, infection, recurrent nonhealing) resulted in 10 amputations. The average time to amputation was 5.6 months. Risk factors for amputation were end-stage renal disease (OR, 30.7; p = 0.0087), hindfoot wounds (OR, 4.6; p = 0.020), elevated hemoglobin A1C level greater than 8.4 percent (OR, 1.4; p = 0.05), and positive wound cultures (OR, 6.1; p = 0.003). Conclusions: Multiple comorbidities and poor glucose control were identified as risk factors for amputation after free flap limb salvage. However, successful limb preservation is possible. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Risk, III.


ABSTRACT A group of 135 ex-employees of the Quebec chrysotile production industry comprising men who were born between 1901 and 1920, who had left the industry between 1950 and 1961, and had been radiographed before leaving, attended in 1972 for a medical examination and further chest radiograph. This report concerns 86 men whose withdrawal film was within 12 months of leaving and who had not been exposed subsequently to asbestos or other fibrogenic dust. Seven separate assessments were made of the paired radiographs, side by side in known temporal order. The assessments were classified as showing 'increse' or 'no change'. In 66 film-pairs from men with two years' employment or longer, at least four assessments were of parenchymal increase in six, of pleural increase in 13, and of both parenchymal and pleural increase in two, total 21 (or 31%). There was similar agreement of no change in 24 pairs (36%), and evidence was equivocal in the remaining 21 pairs. Parenchymal increase was not agreed in any of the 20 film-pairs from men with shorter employment, but pleural increase was seen in four of these men, a proportion similar to that in those exposed longer. We conclude that the parenchymal changes observed after leaving the industry, most of which were 'attacks' rather than 'progression', were attributable to the earlier occupational exposure to chrysotile; there were no important differences in age or smoking habit between those with and without parenchymal change.


It is essential to understand the characteristics of consumers to develop strategies that improve the prospects of ownership of insurance products. The main objective of this paper is to examine the influence of several consumer characteristics on consumers' likelihood to have optional auto insurance. Using a sample of 181 participants, logistic regression analyses were used to inspect the impact of optimism, materialism along with several demographic factors on the likelihood to own optional auto insurance. The results of the study indicate that materialism is a significant determinant for car insurance ownership. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that optimism has a negative impact on the ownership of auto insurance. Regarding the demographic variables, it is shown that age and marital status influence the likelihood of buying car insurance.


With the research methods of questionnaire investigation and experiment,the paper presents the research results of extended training experimental teaching with SCL-90 and SAQ.The research result showed that the psychological health and social adaptability of the university students after the experimental teaching were improved.The paper also proposed to set extended training courses in the P.E.course in universities.


Energetic ion generation from the interaction of a short laser pulse with a thin overdense plasma accompanied by a preplasma and a rear side plasma gradient is investigated by particle-in-cell simulations. The dynamics of ion acceleration depending on the maximum density of the preplasma in front of the overdense plasma slab with a smooth density gradient at the rear side are presented and discussed by comparing a sharp rear side boundary case.


This essay investigates a four-level reading process: it provides a reading of novelists Michel Faber and Sarah Waters reading research into Victorianism reading Victorian sources reading the Victorians—at four levels removed from the Victorians. These multiple reading processes must draw any kind of research into neo-Victorianism towards core assumptions of cultural hermeneutics that provides a concept for analyzing historical difference and otherness (in German: Fremdverstehen). These four core assumptions are: (1) there is textual meaning which can be understood, (2) interpretation makes meanings accessible, (3) meaning is communicable between subjects, (4) since Friedrich Schleiermacher: there is no end to meaning. Meanings are negotiated between subjects in a situation of historical difference with the clear aim to achieve a cultural and historical self-transparency. History, Gadamer famously held, is ''the conversation that we are'' (Gadamer 4), and hence, contemporary readers encounter in the neo-Victorian novel not only the Victorians, but also their own culture. The aim of cultural hermeneutics is to arrive at an understanding as a result of historical processes by analyzing historical narratives, both fictional and non-fictional. Hermeneutics is an ideal tool to apply to the neo-Victorian novel because it constructs this process of talking to the past as a necessarily active and productive rewriting. Every neo-Victorian appropriation, defined by Julie Sanders as a juxtaposition of texts transposed from different cultural domains (26), is a destabilizing


With the rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT), fundamental security measures of wireless networks have become a basic requirement. Aiming at the identification of wireless transmitters with the same parameters, this paper proposes a specific emitter identification (SEI) method based on time-frequency feature extraction. Received signals go through preprocessing, i.e., multipath effect estimation and Doppler frequency compensation, to mitigate the channel effect. Then the time-frequency spectrum is generated and a time-frequency feature extraction network is constructed to achieve feature extraction and identification task. Real-world data are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The overall identification accuracy for stationary emitters reaches 92.9%. Besides, the proposed preprocessing method improves moving emitter identification accuracy by 12%.


1 We have studied the pharmacology of the depolarization by 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) of the guinea‐pig isolated superior cervical ganglion (SCG) using the grease‐gap technique. We studied the effects of selective and non‐selective antagonists on the responses to 5‐HT and other 5‐HT receptor agonists. 2 We have extended the pharmacology of the 5‐HT3 receptor in this preparation by studying the effects of granisetron, BRL 46470 and mianserin on the concentration‐response curve (CRC) to 2‐methyl‐5‐HT. As with other 5‐HT3 receptor antagonists, these compounds exhibited a lower affinity for guinea‐pig 5‐HT3 receptors than for rat 5‐HT3 receptors. 3 We have confirmed that low concentrations of 5‐HT (≤ 1 μm) mediate ketanserin‐sensitive responses and higher concentrations of 5‐HT also recruit 5‐HT3 receptors. The responses to low concentrations of 5‐HT were antagonized by low concentrations of ketanserin, spiperone, mianserin, DOI and LSD indicating probably mediation by 5‐HT2A receptors. At high concentrations, the hallucinogen, DOI, but not LSD, evoked a ketanserin‐sensitive depolarization. 4 Although mianserin could bind to the 5‐HT2A receptors in this preparation, we could not demonstrate a down‐regulation of depolarizations evoked by these receptors after a 10 day oral treatment with mianserin (10 mg kg−1, daily). 5 5‐Carboxamidotryptamine (5‐CT) evoked a prolonged depolarization. Although high concentrations of 5‐CT (≥1 μm) appeared to activate 5‐HT2A receptors, lower concentrations of 5‐CT evoked a response with a distinct pharmacology. After studying the action of 20 selective and non‐selective 5‐HT receptor ligands we believe that this response may be mediated by a novel receptor; but its pharmacology is closest to that of receptors in the 5‐HT2 receptor family. Like 5‐CT, 5‐HT (3–300 μm) could evoke an LSD‐sensitive response in the presence of the 5‐HT2 receptor antagonist, ketanserin and the 5‐HT3 receptor antagonist, tropisetron (all 1 μm). 6 We conclude that 5‐HT activates three pharmacologically distinct receptors to depolarize the guinea‐pig SCG. Low concentrations of 5‐HT appear to activate 5‐HT2A receptors. Higher concentrations of 5‐HT also activate 5‐HT3 receptors and a possible novel 5‐HT receptor. The novel receptor could be a species homologue of a 5‐HT2 receptor or an, as yet, unclassified 5‐HT receptor.


This US study compares parental stress in socio-economically matched samples of mothers and fathers of children with Down syndrome and parents of typically developing children


Periodic motions in DDE (Differential-Delay Equations) are typically created in Hopf bdurcatiOns. In thIS chapter we examine thIS process from several points of view. Firstly we use Lindstedt's perturbation method to derive the HopfBi furcation Formula, which determines the stability of the periodic motion. Then we use the Two Variable Expansion Method (also known as Multiple Scales) to inves tIgate the tranSIent behaviOr mvolved m the approach to the perIOdIC motIon. Next we use Center Mamfold AnalYSIS to reduce the DDE from an mfimte dImenSiOnal evolution equation on a function space to a two dimensional ODE (Ordinary Dif ferential Equation) on the center manifold, the latter being a surface tangent to the eigenspace associated with the Hopf bifurcation. Finally we provide an application to gene copying m whIch the delay IS due to an observed time lag m the transcription process.


Assessment is the technique of evaluating students as the result of a learning achievement. Final assessment at SMK Negeri 1 Kotaraja is a report or student's learning outcomes sheets. The process of calculating values at SMK Negeri 1 Kotaraja has been used still the conventional method process by using a list of score that given by teachers that have the possibility lost, tucked, and scattered. Even it will easily human error and quite complicated because there are many scores that have to calculated, such as daily test scores and assignment scores that have to be calculated each average score, steps used are very complicated so it takes about 7 days to process its, That is why the distribution of report cards to the students becomes delayed. Based on the problem above, it is aimed to create an information system of scoring processing report on web based that could helped teacher of SMK Negeri 1 Kotaraja in more effective and efficient processed. The results of blackbox testing that has been done stated that information system of scoring processing report that helped could teacher performance and help students esier in accessing online report.


The paper describes the main characteristics and development of a system of programs for the computer aided design of reinforcement in reinforced concrete structures. The system of programs consists of several mutually independent programs, which enable detailed drawing of reinforcement plans for different types of structures to be made. The programs are designed for mainframe and microcomputers. The functioning of the program itself is illustrated with examples. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 818725. (TRRL)


This contribution examines §3 of the athenian decree on weights an measures from the end of the 2nd century BC (IG II² 1013) where the use of a new volume measure is ordered, and especially its §4, where the market weight of the mna is altered, attempting to clarify its legal aim and economic implications. So far, this reform has been discussed by some historians as a matter of confrontational economic policy. Examining the relation among roman and athenian weight units, it is argued that this law led to an easier convertibility among units, facilitating commerce among territories familiar with either notation, reducing transaction costs as defined by Douglass North. The interpretation of the decree in a protectionist manner of Rome against Athens is contrasted with the proposition that it might be better understood as a pragmatic regulation achieving harmonization by standardization


Re-employment of landless peasants has been an important topic in the livelihood issues.This problem is becoming more and more serious because of financial crisis.Based on the cultural industries,Handan by exerting its advantages of cultural resources may create employment opportunities to solve this problem.


Introduction: Pressure ulcers (also known as pressure sores or bedsores) are injuries to the skin and underlying tissue, primarily caused by prolonged pressure on the skin. Method and Material:An observatory study of 5patients with pressure sores which developed over a period of prolonged stay in wards due to extended preoperative and postoperative bed rest . Results: Between november 2020 to april 2021, 5 patients who developed pressure sores over various sites in wards , were selected and reviewed retrospectively at Sir J.J. Group of hospitals and Grant Medical college , Mumbai, India). Different preventive methods were used to manage these pressure sores in accordance to the sores .None of the patients showed a new infection after the treatment. Discussion: To study the various factors which contributated to development of these pressure sores and also to study the preventive measures and management of these pressure sore after classifying them according to severity and grade. Conclusion: Pulcers continue to be a significant burden for patients and society, with the need ongoing for more effective prevention and treatment strategies and once developed require an individualized multidisciplinary approach for its management.


An efficient DIBR method based on depth offset mapping (DOM) by calculating the normalized offset between referenced image and shifted image using only an original picture and the corresponding grayscale depth map is proposed to realize 3D display. During the synthesizing progress, 3D image can be obtained directly by the mapping relations of related pixels according to the depth cue from corresponding depth map. Instead of generating virtual view-points in traditional DIBR method, the proposed method has a fast calculation speed and a high synthesizing efficiency which can complete the image rendering based on hardware devices with better iterative performance. In experiments, the speed of synthesizing 3D image is analyzed and a 10-second long video including 240 frames is used to verify the real-time implementation. Results show that the proposed method can realize a real-time rendering of 3D video with 3840×2160 resolution with about 10.68ms per frame for average on a smart Android motherboard (Rockchip RK3399). The proposed system is more portable and a high integration is realized by using RK3399 instead of the off-the-shelf computer hardware (2.2 GHz Eight-core CPU and a GTX-1080 GPU).


We herein re-investigate the taxonomic status of Hyperolius nitidulus Peters, 1875 and H. spatzi Ahl, 1931 by means of morphology, vocalization and genetic data. Both taxa are morphologically distinct, have different advertise- ment calls and differ genetically from each other by 5.1-5.6% sequence divergence in the investigated 16S rRNA gene. Based on these data we resurrect H. spatzi as a valid species and designate a lectotype for it. Both species occur in sa- vannas of western Africa. Hyperolius spatzi is restricted to Senegambia and thus far known from Senegal and The Gam- bia. Its occurrence in Guinea Bissau and southern Mauritania seems likely. Hyperolius nitidulus ranges from Guinea and Mali eastwards into Nigeria and Cameroon. Records from the driest savannas in north-eastern Nigerian, Cameroon and the Central African Republic are doubtful and may actually refer to H. pallidus Mertens, 1940.


Image fusion, the process of combining multi-modal or multi-focus images to form a new informative image than input images. The fused image contains more information than their input images which helps remote sensing applications for image analysis efficiently. Many image fusion algorithms have been developed, but all of them introduced a term called as color distortion. The huge difference between the intensity of input images leads to the color distortion. The Intensity-Hue-Saturation fusion technique gives more access to the user to work on pixel by pixel. This method accessibility delivers the good fusion technique base to reduce the color distortion. We proposed an algorithm which solves the color distortion problem effectively and it can produce an output image as highly informative. The difference in intensity of input images reduced by injecting the intensity of the high resolution image. The proposed work performs better than existing algorithms and it is proved by statistical measures like a correlation coefficient, mean, standard deviation, ERGAS, UIQI and spectral angle mapper.


The in vitro response of renal microbodies and lysosomes to a variety of altered physical and chemical conditions was examined. The influence of these conditions upon the integrity of the organelles was determined as that proportion of the total activity of various "marker" enzymes (α-hydroxy acid oxidase, catalase and D-amino acid oxidase for microbodies, and acid phosphatase for lysosomes) which was released from the organelles and recovered in the soluble phase following treatment.

Microbodies and lysosomes were separated by differential centrifugation from 15% homogenates of male, rat kidney prepared in 0.25 M sucrose. After exposure to experimental treatments, the preparation was further separated into sediment and supernatant fractions by centrifugation at 100,000 × g for 30 minutes. The sediment and supernatant fractions were assayed to determine the distribution of the "marker" enzymes.

Eighty to 100% of the activities of α-hydroxy acid oxidase and catalase were found in the supernatant after exposure of the microbody-lysosome fraction to low concentrations of Triton-X 100 or digitonin, or after treatment by sonic vibrations or high speed laminar shearing. Lesser but significant proportions of the total activities of these enzymes were recovered in the soluble phase after exposure of the organelles to distilled water, 0.1 M Sorensen's phosphate buffer or 0.1 M TRIS-HCl buffer prepared in distilled water. Acid phosphatase showed lower levels of release into the supernatant under most of these conditions.

When microbody-lysosome preparations were exposed to sucrose in concentrations of 0.1 M to 0.8 M to phosphate buffer in 0.25 M sucrose or to TRIS-HCl buffer prepared in 0.25 M sucrose, the release of α-hydroxy acid oxidase, catalase and acid phosphatase was insignificant. However, under these conditions D-amino acid oxidase was released into the soluble phase to a significant extent.

These results suggest that α-hydroxy acid oxidase and catalase are soluble constituents of renal microbodies while D-amino acid oxidase is associated firmly with a sedimentable component of the organelle, and that renal microbodies are more fragile than renal lysosomes.


The sampling technique used saturated sampling with a sample size of 35 children. Based on the results of the research, it is known that the Juzz 'Amma memorization activity at TPA Nurul Ilham is in the moderate category, namely with a percentage of 60% with the number of frequency of children, namely 21. The spiritual intelligence of children at TPA Nurul Ilham is in the moderate category, namely with a percentage of 65.72% with The number of children's frequencies is 23. There is an effect of Juz 'Amma memorization activity with the spiritual intelligence of children at TPA Nurul Ilham, the cxy value is 0.63 with a chitung value of 23.7 then compared with ctabel with a significant level of 5% = 9.488 and a level of 1% = 13.277 determines that chitung> ctabel is 23.7> 13,277> 9,488 so it can be seen that the effect that occurs between Juzz 'Amma's memorization activity on the spiritual intelligence of children at TPA Nurul Ilham is in the moderate category.


The article explores the possibilities of increasing the investment potential of the region, the importance of marketing strategy in increasing the investment potential of the region, the effectiveness of the investment climate in Navairegion of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Assessed using the McKinsey matrix and outlined suggestions and recommendations for the future.


This article analyzes the main technological drivers of changes in the market of tourist services that have occurred recently. The basic trends in the development of the tourist market have been studied. It is concluded that today the majority of tourists use the resources of the Internet when organizing travel. The basic trends in the development of the tourist services market over the past few years were reviewed, highlighting the main aspects. The tendency of diversification of the tourist business and expansion of the product offer due to direct online distribution has been noted.The main driver of the development of the tourist market was the change in consumer behavior of tourists and their "movement" into the Internet space. An important trend is the increasing interest of tour operators to the B2C segment with the simultaneous offer of services for direct online distribution on corporate sites. It was revealed the active development of aggregators (consolidators) of tourist services in the market, a high level of capitalization of digital companies in the field of tourism.The technological drivers in the market of tourist services included the activities of search engines, first of all, Yandex and Google, as well as the development of start-ups offering special, highly specialized services for tourists.


Single electrons are one of the simplest quantum objects in nature. In free space or conventional materials, single electrons hardly interact with optical (ultraviolet‐visible‐infrared) photons, so their quantum states cannot be easily manipulated by optics. Here, a notable exception is theoretically demonstrated: a single electron in condensed helium‐4 can be self‐confined in a nanometric bubble of 1 to 2 nm radius and resonantly interact with mid‐infrared photons of 3 to 12 µm wavelength. A femtosecond laser can drive the electron into Rabi oscillations and prepare it onto arbitrary superposition states between the ground and excited states. After the laser pulse, the electron bubble can exhibit remarkable nonequilibrium quantum dynamics and evolve toward various final states with various lifetimes. These processes are accompanied with intense phonon radiation.


Literature,survey,statistics and logic analysis have been used to investigate basketball matches of Spring Festival in some towns and villages of Luoyang,Henan Province.In view of the interactive development of country basketball sports and Spring Festival Culture,the authors have studied the relationship between the two and found that the two are complementary to each other.The basketball sports have provided new strength of modern society development to China traditional Spring Festival culture,and the latter has also promoted the wide-spreading of the former.


Simulation of crystal growth is an important aspect in understanding some hidden features of growth mechanisms and its relation with thermodynamical properties. It is important to understand the basic role of the parameters involved in the growth process and their effects at microscopic level to control the distribution of intrinsic impurities. We have used "Mathematica" environment and extended a conventional model of Cellular Automata to explain these aspects. The growth process is simulated for CuInTe2 crystal both by thermal cooling process and by Bridgman technique. This simulation approach explains satisfactorily some special growth patterns, which were reported earlier.


Auditory prostheses (AP) using Cochlear Implant System a.k.a bionic ears are widely used electronic devices that electrically stimulate the auditory nerve using an electrode array, surgically placed in the inner ear for patients suffering from severe to profound senosorineural deafness. The AP mainly contains an external Body Worn Speech Processor (BWSP) and an internal Implantable Receiver Stimulator (IRS). The BWSP receives an external sound or speech and generates encoded speech data bits for transmission to the IRS via a Radio Frequency transcutaneous link to excite the electrode array. After surgical placement of the electrode array in the inner ear, the BWSP should be fine-tuned to achieve the 80 to 100% speech reception abilities of the patient by an audiologist using Clinical Programming Software (CPS). The tuning process involves several tasks such as identifying the active electrode contacts, determining the detection and pain threshold of each active electrode, and loading these values into BWSP by reprogramming the BWSP. The main objective of this paper is to describe a simple personal-computer based, user-friendly CPS, which fine tunes the BWSP to achieve the best possible speech reception abilities of each patient and to perform post-operative fitting procedures by an audiologist. The CPS was developed to perform the post-operative fine tuning procedures such as (i) measurement of electrode tissue impedance, (ii) fitting to determine the hearing threshold and comfort levels for each active electrode, and (iii) reprogramming the speech processor using the identified threshold and comfort values. Finally, experimental results are presented.


Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) is a microscopic technique that provides detailed crystallographic orientation and microstructural information, allowing for accurate measurement of such properties like average grain size. In order to validate and better understand what information an ultrasonic technique can give us we are correlating the ultrasonic measurements with those from EBSD. It generates an appreciation of the limitations of both techniques, and what each can reasonably deliver. We describe a technique to extrapolate the three independent orientation distribution coefficients (ODCs) for cubic structures W400, W420 and W440 from the Bunge‐Euler angle data from EBSD scans. Preliminary EBSD results for thin rolled aluminium sheet are discussed and compared to the ODCs determined on the same sample using an ultrasonic EMAT‐EMAT S0 Lamb wave measurement system.


The performances of energy transmission system based on microtrip antennas affected by different crisscross velocity are studied.Because the emission antennas and receiving antennas are in relative motion states in application,the stability of the system may be influenced by the relative motion.When the positions of emission antennas and receiving antennas are in relative static states,the performances of a pair of antennas and a antenna array are basically the sameness.When the positions of emission antennas and receiving antennas are in dynamic motion states,the performances of antenna arrays under the crisscross velocities of 5 m/s and 10 m/s are basically the sameness also.So,the crisscross velocities between emission antennas and receiving antennas have no influences to the performances of the system,and namely,the system can work stably.


Thin-film transistor liquid-crystal display (TFT-LCD) waste glass can be used as a raw material for producing geopolymers, because it contains large amounts of silicon and aluminum in its amorphous structure. The setting time and compressive strength were evaluated to determine the quality of the geopolymer product with various amounts of nano-SiO2 (0% 3%) and TFT-LCD waste glass replacement (0% - 40%). The microstructures of the samples were characterized using mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The highest compressive strength and compact microstructure of the geopolymer was attained by adding 10% waste glass and 1% nano-SiO2. The results demonstrated that adding nano-SiO2 to the geopolymer substantially enhances compactness, improves uniformity, and greatly increases compressive strength. This work offers a low-cost route for fabricating geopolymers, because TFT-LCD waste glass can be used to partially substitute metakaolin in the composition of the geopolymer.


This work investigates the usage of Model Predictive Control (MPC) for a three phase conventional matrix converter with low pass filter at the input and output side. The conventional matrix converter has 3 input and 3 output which gives 27 switching state. From this design, a MPC is incorporate to control the output voltage and the input currents for all the phases. The design of the proposed controller is based on the input current controller and output voltage controller with load observer.  The proposed MPC using cost function will select the minimized switching state to be applied to next switching. This gives a sinusoidal output voltages and input currents. A simulation and experimental studies are presented to validate the proposed control scheme.


The present invention discloses a one-step introduction of Tetrahymena exogenous gene construct and expression vector and application methods. Using plasmid HSP702-GFP and THX-HGFP, TH-HGFP construct intermediate vector and ligated by PCR or the like; using plasmid TH-HGFP, PET23a-GST and pCDNA3.1-FLAG, respectively, by methods such as PCR and ligated Construction of the intermediate vector TH-HIS-HGFP, TH-GST-HGFP and TH-FLAG-HGFP; respectively plasmid pD5H8, Tetrahymena expression vector was constructed by PCR and ligated to the intermediate vector, etc. methods: pD5H8-HGFP, pD5H8 -HIS-HGFP, pD5H8-GST-HGFP, pD5H8-FLAG-HGFP. This series of vectors contain HGFP green fluorescent screening marker, can be used for high-throughput screening of recombinants; series vectors Alternatively the box structure HGFP both inclusive reverse I-SceI rare restriction sites, introduction of foreign genes when the foreign gene fragment with I-SceI linker connected to the series with the vector after I-SceI-step process, can be obtained Tetrahymena containing the foreign gene expression vector. Convenient operation of the present invention, the introduction of Tetrahymena exogenous gene expression can be achieved high expression of foreign genes after transfected Tetrahymena.


The Jacobi-Davidson method is suitable for computing solutions of large -dimensional eigen- value problems. It needs (approximate) solutions of specific -dimensional linear systems. Here we propose a strategy based on a nonoverlapping domain decomposition technique in order to reduce the wall clock time and local memory requirements. For a model eigenvalue problem we derive optimal coupling parameters. Numerical experiments show the effect of this approach on the overall Jacobi- Davidson process. The implementation of the eventual process on a parallel computer is beyond the scope of this paper. The Jacobi-Davidson method (17) is a valuable approach for the solution of large (generalized) linear eigenvalue problems. The method reduces the large problem to a small one by projecting it on an appro- priate low dimensional subspace. Approximate solutions for eigenpairs of the large problem are obtained from the small problem by means of a Rayleigh-Ritz principle. The heart of the Jacobi-Davidson method is how the subspace is expanded. To keep the dimension of the subspace, and consequently the size of the small problem, low it is essential that all necessary inform ation of the wanted eigenpair(s) is collected in the subspace after a small number of iterations. Therefore, the subspace should be expanded with a vector that contains important information not already present in the subspace. The correction equation of the Jacobi-Davidson method aims to prescribe such a vector. But in itself, the correction equation poses a large linear p roblem, with size equal to the size of the originating large eigenvalue problem. Because of this, most of the computational work of the Jacobi- Davidson method arises from solving the correction equation. In practice the eigenvalue problem is often so large that an accurate solution of the correction equatio n is too expensive. However, often approximate solutions of the correction equation suffice to obtain suffic iently fast convergence of the Jacobi-Davidson


Nature brings time series data everyday and everywhere, for example, weather data, physiological signals and biomedical signals, financial and business recordings. Predicting the future observations of a collected sequence of historical observations is called time series forecasting. Forecasts are essential, considering the fact that they guide decisions in many areas of scientific, industrial and economic activity such as in meteorology, telecommunication, finance, sales and stock exchange rates. A massive amount of research has already been carried out by researchers over many years for the development of models to improve the time series forecasting accuracy. The major aim of time series modelling is to scrupulously examine the past observation of time series and to develop an appropriate model which elucidate the inherent behaviour and pattern existing in time series. The behaviour and pattern related to various time series may possess different conventions and infact requires specific countermeasures for modelling. Consequently, retaining the neural networks to predict a set of time series of mysterious domain remains particularly challenging. Time series forecasting remains an arduous problem despite the fact that there is substantial improvement in machine learning approaches. This usually happens due to some factors like, different time series may have different flattering behaviour. In real world time series data, the discriminative patterns residing in the time series are often distorted by random noise and affected by high-frequency perturbations. The major aim of this thesis is to contribute to the study and expansion of time series prediction and multistep ahead forecasting method based on deep learning algorithms. Time series forecasting using deep learning models is still in infancy as compared to other research areas for time series forecasting.Variety of time series data has been considered in this research. We explored several deep learning architectures on the sequential data, such as Deep Belief Networks (DBNs), Stacked AutoEncoders (SAEs), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Moreover, we also proposed two different new methods based on muli-step ahead forecasting for time series data. The comparison with state of the art methods is also exhibited. The research work conducted in this thesis makes theoretical, methodological and empirical contributions to time series prediction and multi-step ahead forecasting by using Deep Learning Architectures.


Based on the crystal field theory, by utilizing the Zhao's Semi-SCF 3d-orbit model and third-order perturbation g factor and A formula of the 3d9electronic configuration in the distorted crystal field, the quantificational relationship between the crystal local structure structural, the optical absorption spectra and the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is established. The optical absorption spectra and the electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)for Cu2+∶C8N14O6Zn are explained uniformly in this paper. The theoretical calculations agree with the experiment findings well.


This study examined the visual search strategies during automobile driving. In an experiment, we measured eye movements when participants drove using a driving simulator. The results showed that the eye movements depended on driving road scenes. In situations where there were few objects to be attended to (e.g., at a straight road), the eye movement frequencies were smaller and the fixation durations were longer, than in situations where there are many objects (e.g., at a crosswalk). The results suggest that visual search strategies during automobile driving vary, depending on the driving road situations.


There are three kinds of discourses and ideologies about legal profession in modern societies, namely, professionalism, elitism and plebeianism . Professionalism describes the ideal pattern of legal profession; elitism justifies the legitimacy of legal profession; plebeianism criticizes the evils of legal profession. The healthy development of legal profession is based on the reasonable interaction between these discourses and ideologies.


A major theme of the posts in our labor market series has been that the outflows from unemployment, either into employment or out of the labor force, have been the primary determinant of unemployment rate dynamics in long expansions. The key to the importance of outflows is that within long expansions there have not been adverse shocks that lead to a burst of job losses. To illustrate the power of this mechanism, we presented simulations in a previous post that were based on the movements in the outflow and inflow rates in the previous three expansions. These simulated paths show the unemployment rate declining to a level well below current consensus predictions over the medium term.


G has a perfect matching if and only if o(G-S)≤|S|for all SV,where o(G-S) denotes the number of odd components of G.Probe into the proof of this theorem and therefore improve the proof.


This paper briefly introduced the geological and topographic environments of the bay mouths along the littoral zone of China.The main geological environment and the corresponding countermeasures,methods and proposals are discussed as well.


Wolves (Cams lupus) will become an important mortality factor on ungulate populations as they recolonize the western United States. Innovative means of altering the wolf-ungulate dynamic to enhance either prey security or the predator population may be necessary to meet management objectives. From 1990 to 1996, we examined multiscale factors affecting hunting success of wolves during winter in a multi-prey system in northwestern Montana and southeastern British Columbia, Canada. Within their home ranges, wolves concentrated their hunting in wintering areas of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). They used areas with features that facilitated travel (low snow and vegetative cover) and habitats that were favored by deer. Along their travel routes, wolves killed deer in areas with higher densities of deer and lower densities of elk (Cervus elaphus) and moose (Alces alces) than expected, based on occurrence of these prey. They killed deer in areas with greater hiding-stalking cover, less slope, and closer to water than expected, based on occurrence along wolf travel routes. More deer were killed in the main valley bottom and ravines than in other landscape classes located along travel routes. Within deer home ranges, wolves killed more deer at flatter sites and at sites with lower densities of deer.


We thank the authors of the letter for sharing their views on this article. We pursued the publishing of these data in an attempt to clearly define and further characterize patients with a monthly response rate of 100% to galcanezumab. The purpose of this article was to dispel the very notion that a significant number of patients had 100% response across the entire treatment period, which the authors of the Letter to the Editor raised. The title is meant to reflect the article content related to the characterization of patients with episodic migraine who achieved 100% monthly response (ie, 100% reduction from baseline in monthly migraine headache days) to galcanezumab treatment. The use of the terms "response rate" and "responder rates" is standard terminology used in clinical trials/clinical trial guidelines for migraine preventive therapies (http://www.ihs-headache.org/binary_data/158_clinical-trials-controlled-trials-of-drugs-in-migraine3rd-ed-cha.pdf). Whether speaking of ≥50%, ≥75%, or 100% reduction of migraine headache days, the terms "response rate" and "responder rates" are common and appropriate terminology to use. We disagree with the suggestion by the authors' Letter to the Editor that the month-by-month analysis was unconventional or the results presented, which included the odds ratios, were misleading. The primary and secondary outcomes for these trials, such as the number of monthly migraine headache days and the proportions of patients with ≥50%, ≥75%, or 100% response, were measured monthly (at each visit). These outcomes capture the patients' response during any given month between 2 separate doses. In this paper, we presented the observed as well as the model-estimated number and proportions of patients with 100% response at each month (Supplemental Table S1 and Fig. 1, respectively) from a generalized linear mixed effects model estimate. This well-accepted model is a robust method of analyzing longitudinal data in clinical trials and is basically a mixed-models repeated measures version of a logistic regression (a standard analysis approach for binary outcomes for which odds ratios are readily available). The primary analysis approach of looking at the average across months yields a standard measure of monthly response seen by patients across the entire dosing month period. Such an estimate is neither biased toward higher response seen in the later months of treatment nor overly penalized by the lower responses observed in the earlier months of treatment. What is represented is the estimated proportions of patients who are expected to have a 100% response (ie, 0 migraine headache days) on an average month (averaged across all visits) and is not the same as the proportions of patients with 100% response in any 1 out of the 6 months. The proportions of patients with at least 1 month with 100% response is approximately 40%. In addition to presenting the Headache doi: 10.1111/head.13514 © 2019 Eli Lilly & Co. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. ISSN 0017-8748


Dams are essential structures in the growth of a region due to their ability to store large amounts of water and manage it for different social activities, mainly for human consumption. The study of the structural behavior of dams during their useful life is a fundamental factor for their safety. In terms of structural monitoring, classic terrestrial techniques are usually costly and require much time. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technology through the persistent scatterer interferometry (PSI) technique has been widely applied to measure millimeter displacements of a dam crest. In this context, this paper presents an investigation about the structural monitoring of the crest of the Sanalona dam in Mexico, applying two geodetic satellite techniques and mathematical modeling to extract the risk of the dam–reservoir system. The applicability of the InSAR technique for monitoring radial displacements in dams is evaluated and compared with both GPS systems and an analytical model based on the finite element method (FEM). The radial displacements of the Sanalona dam follow a seasonal pattern derived from the reservoir level, reaching maximum radial magnitudes close to 13 mm in November when the rainy season ends. GPS recorded and FEM simulated maximum displacements of 7.3 and 6.7 mm, respectively. InSAR derived radial displacements, and the reservoir water level presented a high similarity with a correlation index equal to 0.8. In addition, it was found that the Sanalona dam presents the greatest deformation in the central zone of the crest. On the other hand, based on the reliability analysis, the probability of failure values lower than 8.3 × 10−2 was obtained when the reservoir level was maximum, which means that the radial displacements did not exceed the limit states of the dam–reservoir system in the evaluated period. Finally, the extracted values of the probability of failure demonstrated that the Sanalona dam does not represent a considerable risk to society.


Problem drinking among American lndian people is a subject of much concern. This article addresses the factors which have contributed to the attainment of sobriety among a sample of American Indian people. The findings of this study indicate that recognition and acceptance of drinking problems constitute the first phase of the recovery process. Sobriety itself is the second phase, and personal and social adjustment is the third phase. Those factors which contribute to the discontinuance of drinking and the maintenance of sobriety are highlighted.


ABSTRACT Objective: Sites with a high prevalence of pneumoconiosis are especially challenging to physicians. The presence of pneumoconiotic nodules on chest computed tomography (CT) scans makes it difficult to localize the source of ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Because of false-positive results that may occur with the use of fluorine 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography CT (PET/CT) scans, alternative imaging modalities are needed. Methods: Gallium 68-dodecanetetraacetic acid tyrosine-3-octreotate (68Ga-DOTATATE) is a positron emitter-labeled somatostatin analog used with PET/CT. 68Ga-DOTATATE may improve the diagnostic accuracy of localizing ectopic ACTH-secreting carcinoid tumors in patients with pneumoconiosis by reducing false-positive results. Results: We describe a patient with pneumoconiosis and Cushing syndrome due to ectopic ACTH from a pulmonary carcinoid tumor, highlighting challenges in diagnosis and management. Conclusion: Prospective studies comparing fluorine 18-...


Building on both a textual analysis and ethnographic fieldwork, this dissertation employs folkloristic analysis to examine stand-up comedy, a professional verbal comic performance with its roots in vernacular forms of talk. It requires an audience: all broadcasts and recordings of stand-up comedy without exception are recorded in front of a live audience, which makes it unique among popular culture forms. Working backward from this observation, it is evident that an audience is vital for performances, and that the stand-up comedy performance is a collaborative act between a comedian and an audience. It emulates the intimacy of face-to-face encounter, although it is made distant by the concrete division of performer from audience by virtue of it occurring on a stage, and subsequently by the spatiotemporal distancing of broadcasts and recordings. This dissertation examines the strategies through which the stand-up comedian reconciles intimacy and distance, through examining how the various media of stand-up comedy's dissemination - amplification, broadcasting, recording, and each of their respective variations - are adapted by and used by the comedian to replicate intimacy and bridge literal distance, and how the stand-up comedian develops a biography, a persona, and observations on the local and the universal which address cultural distance.


We aimed to determine whether acute periprosthetic bone loss at 1 year following THA may be predicted by early changes in markers of bone turnover, and prevented by a single 90 mg dose of pamidronate in a randomized trial of 46 men and women undergoing primary THA.Femoral BMD was measured at postoperative baseline, and 6, 12, 26, and 52 weeks later using an Hologic 4500-A densitometer. Markers of bone turnover were measured at preoperative baseline and at 1, 6, 12, and 26 weeks.Patients in the placebo group lost significantly more periprosthetic bone than those in the pamidronate group. The mean (±95% CI) difference in proximal femoral BMD (area under BMD change.time curve) between those receiving pamidronate and those receiving placebo was 1.84 (±1.29) g.weeks/cm2 (P=0.02). A transient increase in all markers of bone turnover was seen in the placebo group, with peaks in osteoclast activity at 6 weeks, and peaks in osteoblast activity 12 weeks. Pamidronate therapy was associated with suppression of all ma...


This study investigates the occurrence/nonoccurrence, distribution, and interpretation of zero anaphora (ZA) in Chinese conversational discourse. It explores three major questions: (1) what factors account for the occurrence of ZA, and the nonoccurrence of ZA in potential positions; (2) whether there are differences in occurrence and nonoccurrence by genre and style; and (3) what linguistic research approaches are most appropriate for the analysis of ZA in Chinese. The database consists of complete dialogues from the two-hour Chinese film, Li, Shuang-shuang, and an uninterrupted one-hour recording of spontaneous conversations among three adult Chinese speakers. The analysis employs a taxonomy adapted from Halliday and Hasan (1976), and Givon's (1989) discourse measures, and involves investigation of linguistic (syntactic and semantic) and extralinguistic (social and cultural) variables, and linear versus hierarchical discourse structure. Difference levels between the scripted and spontaneous conversations were assessed using independent t-tests and chi-square tests. The study revealed the following major findings. First, knowledge sources, linguistic and/or extralinguistic, that were shared by the conversational participants formed the basis for the occurrence of ZA; in the absence of adequate shared knowledge, ZA could potentially be used to attract attention by inviting clarification questions from addressees. Second, overt referents in positions of potential ZA had the function of enhancing referent saliency by specific means including rhetorical, interactional, and stylistic devices. Third, there were great differences between conversational data from this study and narrative discourse from prior research in the proportion of syntactically shifted ZA and in referential distance. Fourth, referent continuity was not subject to linear factors in hierarchical discourse structure. There was a statistically significant difference between the planned and unplanned conversations in: (1) clause type and discourse context in terms of event boundary, role, and person; and (2) referential distance, potential interference, and referential persistence. The overall results of the study revealed the highly variable nature of the ZA phenomenon in Chinese, which suggests the need for multiple perspectives in the analysis of ZA in typologically similar languages, and questions the adequacy of the Government and Binding Theory account of Empty Categories as a universal explanation for ZA.


The theory "understanding the essence of literary works from its rhythm" is proposed by Liu Dakui,which is the core of the literary theory of the Tongcheng School and the essence of Chinese traditional literary theory.The origin of such a kind of theory can be traced back to the Qin Dynasty,which is the heritance and development of Mencius,Cao Pi,Liu Xie,Shen Yue,Han Yu and Zhu Xi's theories.On the other hand,it has also opened up and laid a foundation for the succeeding theories,which scholars from Yao Nai to Fang Dongshu,Zeng Guofan to Wu Rulun,Zhang Yuzhao and He Tao,all sing highly of and pass down,especially within Tongcheng School itself.After the May 4th Movement,Zhu Guangqian has enriched and perfected it with the modern theory and made it carry a modern academic form,which sets a good example for the modernization of Chinese traditional theories.


The structure and operation process of an injection mould for a mobile phone face cover were presented in which hot runner system,three sets of side core-pulling by slide block mechanism,an automatic demolding by internal thread mechanism and five slanted ejectors at moving and fixed half for core-pulling was applied.


A single server is fed by a renewal stream of individual customers. These are of type k with probability πk, k = 1, …, N, and are all served individually. Upon completion of a service the server proceeds immediately with a customer of the lowest type (= highest priority) present, if any. Service times for type k are drawn from a general distribution function Bk (t) concentrated on (0, ∞). We lay the foundations for a broad analysis of the model.


We study the automorphism groups of countable homogeneous directed graphs (and some additional homogeneous structures) from the point of view of topological dynamics. We determine precisely which of these automorphism groups are amenable (in their natural topologies). For those which are amenable, we determine whether they are uniquely ergodic, leaving unsettled precisely one case (the 'semi-generic' complete multipartite directed graph). We also consider the Hrushovski property. For most of our results we use the various techniques of Angel et al [Random orderings and unique ergodicity of automorphism groups. J. Eur. Math. Soc., 16 (2014), 2059–2095], suitably generalized to a context in which the universal minimal flow is not necessarily the space of all orders. Negative results concerning amenability rely on constructions of the type considered in Zucker [Amenability and unique ergodicity of automorphism groups of Fraïssé structures. Fund. Math., 226 (2014), 41–61]. An additional class of structures (compositions) may be handled directly on the basis of very general principles. The starting point in all cases is the determination of the universal minimal flow for the automorphism group, which in the context of countable homogeneous directed graphs is given in Jasiński et al [Ramsey precompact expansions of homogeneous directed graphs. Electron. J. Combin., 21(4), (2014), 31] and the papers cited therein.


First-principles calculations based on density-functional theory and local-density approximation were carried out to investigate intrinsic defect properties in β-Ge3N4. It was found that nitrogen vacancies are the main source of intrinsic defects in Ge3N4 due to their low formation energy. The N vacancies might become charge trapping centers since they induce energy levels near the Ge conduction band edge and in the middle of the Ge3N4 band gap. The formation energy of intrinsic defects in Ge3N4 is sensitive to N chemical potential, and N-rich ambient is favorable to reduce the concentration of N vacancies.


We have researched the factors of high insulation recovery characteristics after current interruption in vacuum circuit breakers (VCB). VCB have high insulation recovery characteristics because of diffusing metal vapor to surroundings by high diffusion effect of vacuum. However, when the arc current exceeded the certain value, electrode erosion was remarkable and insulation recovery characteristics decreased. In this paper, we measure anode surface temperature just after current zero with two-color pyrometer. And we observe the vacuum arc with high speed CCD camera. Contact material we used are Cu, CuCr, and AgWC. Test results were as follows. Melting duration of CuCr electrode was longer than that of the Cu electrode. We observed particles in vacuum arc in the case of Cu electrode and AgWC electrode, but we could not observe any particles in the case of CuCr electrode


The COVID-19 is declared as a world emergency and it is widespread in countries and territories which affected around 91% students worldwide that they are unable to attend their educational institutions physically where the numbers are unprecedented and implications are massive. The continuity in teaching and learning while ensuring the protection and safety of students and staff, brought new challenges in this epidemic. Institutes around the globe started online education and students were motivated to become part of E-Learning through educational information systems. This study is investigating the impact of online teaching, educational information systems, learning outcomes from students' perspective. By using the user Centered Design methodology, around two hundred students and 30 faculty members from five different countries of Europe and Asia were involved in this research. Their feedback was taken through questionnaires, interviews and focus group methods. A comprehensive questionnaire, containing six different questions regarding understanding about educational information systems and another six questions related to students-instructor interaction, were asked from students. The instructors were interviewed about their previous exposure or training for designing online courses. The results showed that students' satisfaction on online teaching varied country wise while course objectives are not being fulfilled as per their perception. The students showed their concern that online activities are not much engaging, showed less satisfaction in lab work while in some cases felt stressed, overburdened and they found insufficient technical support being offered by their institute. The study is unique as it covered vast factors impacting online teaching and the results provide guidelines for all stakeholders, policy makers, educators and management.


This paper summarizes and classifies some common algorithms to calculate the gravitational potential around irregular non-spherical bodies after reading and collecting a given mass of literatures. Then we proceed to introduce analytical and numerical methods to compute the potential at external points for irregular bodies and special for homogeneous tri-axial ellipsoid. Analytical methods include spherical and ellipsoidal harmonics, Ivory's approach, finite analytical formulations, numerical methods include polyhedron, mascons approach. The advantages, disadvantages and applications are compared.


Seasonal changes of Puccinellia tenuiflora shoot calorific values have three peaks which reduced grogresivdy and the greatest value appeared in early May.The calorific values of stem,leaf,inflorescence and dead standing were irregular in growth season.The greatest values of and leaf appeared in early May,inflorecenc in the middle July and dead standing in early August.The lowest values of stem and inflorecence appeared in early July,leaf in early June,and dead standing in the middle July.In whole growth season,the calorfic values were inflorecenceleafstemdead standing.The seasonal changes of energy standing crop presented single peak curve on the parts of above ground in Puccinellia tenuiflora population and the peak value was 6967.75kJ/m 2 in early September.The distribution ratio of energy were leafstem in May;stemleafin June,stemleafinflorescencedead standing from early to middle in July,stemleaf dead standinginforecence from early in August to early September;dead standingleafsteminforescence in middle September.The inverse structrue of energy in the parts of above ground was that the enery value gradually increased from surface to 20cm high and the greatest value was in 10~20cm high layer which made up 36.13% of energy standing crop on the parts of above ground,and after that decreasing.In the parts of under ground,the change law of energy value progressively decreased with degree of depth and the greatest value was in 0~10 cm depth layer which made up 69.01% of energy standing crop on the parts of under ground.


Ensuring the protection of wireless sensor network with topology changes dynamically due to the constant movement of nodes is not a trivial task. For such a network, you need to develop your own methods and security protocols that would ensure safe, effective and maximum network uptime. This paper proposes secure control protocol for mobile clustering wireless sensor network. Application of clustering allows to split the network into separate groups of sensors that can be monitored by the cluster head (CH), thereby to reduce the load on the base station (BS), to increase network capacity and to extend the lifespan of nodes, as well as provide additional control for each network node. Using the confidence level control system allows to build trusted connections between network nodes and prevent malicious actions of the attacker. This system provides protection against malicious insiders, against the introduction of the attacker into the guise of a legitimate user to the network, as well as against the interception of network node.


The U.S. National Academy of Sciences played a major role in preparing for the International Geophysical Year (IGY). The IGY organizers realized the importance of selling U.S. participation in international science and thus began a public relations effort by the mid-1950s that included the production of classroom materials and a film series, called Planet Earth, designed for television. This is the story of their efforts to bring the earth, atmospheric, and oceanic sciences into the classrooms and living rooms of the lay public and attract more students into scientific careers. The lessons they learned still apply today as researchers attempt to sell their science using new media and technologies.


Fifteen third and fourth graders with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder were asked to complete reading self-efficacy and reading activity scales and standardized tests of oral and written language to examine the relationships between reading self-efficacy, reading activity, oral language, and reading achievement, with gender and age controlled. Students with higher self-efficacy for personally relevant reading activities displayed higher reading achievement, whereas those who held higher self-efficacy for fundamental reading skills displayed lower reading achievement, suggesting inflated perceived competence possibly due to meta-cognitive deficits. Students' reading performance decreased with age, suggesting the presence of Matthew effects. Fourth graders displayed higher task self-efficacy than third graders. Reading activity, oral language, and gender did not contribute significantly to predicting reading achievement in this sample of children.


It is rare to find a book that is grounded in theory and a solid empirical literature, integrates across subdisciplines of psychology, and provides excellent applied implications. Children and social exclusion: Morality, prejudice, and group identity is an outstanding addition to the literature for these reasons and others. In short, this book had the ambitious goal of reconciling the social-cognitive development literature with the social psychological literature to elucidate what is known about exclusion and inclusion among children. More specifically, the authors impressively disentangle connections to prejudice and morality, and they unpack the important role of context and culture in the manifestation and interpretation of exclusion among children. As a developmental psychologist and aggression researcher who considers social-cognitive mechanisms in my work, I was intrigued by the many clever methodological approaches that the authors have taken in their studies. This fascinating book certainly raised some provocative questions for me to reconcile with my own conceptualization of social exclusion, and I will attempt to expand on some of those issues in this review.


Abstract: Recent reports suggest that NMDA receptor antagonists when administered in vivo can protect dopaminergic neurons from the toxic actions of MPP+. In the present study the possible neuroprotective effects against MPP+ toxicity of the noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist MK‐801 was studied in primary cultures of fetal rat mesencephalic dopamine neurons. MK‐801 failed to protect dopaminergic neurons from MPP+ toxicity at concentrations that completely block NMDA‐induced toxicity of these same neurons. In contrast to work carried out in cerebellar granule cells, MPP+ toxicity of mesencephalic dopamine neurons was unaffected by preexposure to subtoxic concentrations of either NMDA or cycloheximide. Our findings suggest that the toxic effects of MPP+ on dopaminergic neurons are not mediated through a direct interaction with the NMDA subtype of glutamate receptor.


It is well known that chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHBV) can be associated with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma but it can also be associated with extra‐hepatic effects, of which cardiac manifestations are the one of the least known. There is a limited amount of data about myocardial dysfunction in CHBV and insufficient data of strain echocardiography in CHBV. The aim of this study was to detect early myocardial dysfunction in CHBV using strain echocardiography.


The pulse pressure generated by the heart is determined by the hydraulic input impedance of the circulation which, in turn is governed by the elastic properties and structural arrangement of elastin, a protein found in the arterial walls of all but the simplest vertebrates. We suggest on the basis of scaling arguments, that pulse pressure depends on the elastic properties of the protein elastin and is independent of body mass. Elastin which, unlike other proteins has a turnover rate close to zero, undergoes fatigue failure in arteries due to cyclic stress, becoming progressively fragmented with age and gradually being replaced by much stiffer fibrous tissue. These changes are well advanced after 1 billion heartbeats, by which time most animals, whatever their size or heart-rate, are nearing the end of their lives. In man this number is achieved by the age of 30 years, which from an evolutionary point of view, is close to the end of useful life. The progressive failure of elastin with age and the consequent increase in arterial stiffness leads to an inexorable rise in blood pressure. Epidemiological investigations have found that raised blood pressure in middle age is associated with impaired fetal growth. Animal experiments have shown that rats whose mothers were deprived of protein while pregnant (to simulate intra-uterine growth retardation) have stiffer aortas which contain less elastin. Thus elastin in the aortas of individuals who are destined to become hypertensive as they age will undergo fatigue failure sooner than their normotensive counterparts. Over a lifetime, such changes will predispose to higher levels of blood pressure, increased left ventricular mass and generalized cardiovascular disease.


Introduction: The maxillary protraction is an appropriate therapy for the treatment of Class III malocclusion in young patients. However, Class III is challenging, because it has a strong genetic component and the uncertainty of the stability of post-control. Objective: To evaluate the results of maxillary protraction with or without rapid disjunction of the palate at the end of treatment and post-control, by means of a systematic review to determine the effectiveness of this therapy for the treatment of Class III, during temporary and mixed dentition. Methods: We performed an electronic search of databases (Medline - Entrez PubMed, Bireme, Cochrane Library), the treatment of Class III malocclusion with maxillary protraction in patients in the growth phase, from 1980 to 2011. The studies had a measure of the maxilla-mandibular relationship (ANB) in T1 (early treatment), T2 (end of treatment) and T3 (follow-up). Results: A total 2298 publications. After two processes of inclusion and exclusion, the studies were assessed using a list of methodological quality. Only eight primary studies were selected. Conclusions: The Class III treatment in temporary and mixed dentition by maxillary protraction, promotes anterior movement of the maxilla, but in post-control relapse occurred in variable extensions. The ANB mean increase in eight studies was 2.35 degrees and then 1.05 degrees relapse, with a stability of 55% of the correction performed. There was a stability of 59% in the group that started treatment in the temporary dentition and 53% in the mixed dentition. The stability in the group associated with rapid palatal expansion was 41% versus 70% of the group that not carried out the expansion, thus not justifying the maxillary expansion just only as auxiliary in maxillary traction.


Data on transient-voltage environment are needed for the specification. and design of reliable transit-system electrical equipment, especially those containing semiconductor devices. Such data taken on the 600-V dc propulsion systems of the Chicago Transit. Authority (CTA) and the Long Island Railroad (LIRR) are presented. Transient-voltage counters, supplemented by an automatic cathode ray oscilloscope, were used to monitor transient voltages in substations, wayside switching stations and transit cars. The 37.5-V dc battery line was also monitored on board one transit car on the LIRR system. This program spanned a period of two and a half years. Theoretical analysis on the characteristics of transients caused by lightning and switching is also presented.


Although some non-trivial photon number resolving detectors exist, it may still be convenient to discriminate photon number states with the method of multiplexed detection. Multiplexing can be performed with paths in real space, with paths in time, and in principle with any degree of freedom that has a sufficient number of eigenstates and that can be coupled to the photon number. Previous works have addressed the probabilities involved in these measurements with Monte Carlo simulations, or by restricting the number of detectors to powers of 2, or without including quantum efficiency or noise. In this work we find an analytical expression of the detection probabilities for any number of input photons and any number of on/off photon detectors with a quantum efficiency $0\%\leq\eta\leq100\%$ and a false count probability $\varepsilon\geq0$. This allows us to retrodict the number of photons that we had at the input in the least unbiased way possible. We conclude our work with some examples.


Objective To investigate the variation of the corneal endothelial cells of diabetic cataractsurgery with advanced wide-field specular microscope. Methods Endothelial cell density(ECD), average cellarea, coefficient of variation of cell area (CV) and percentage of hexagonal cell for 30 eyes in 28 diabetic cataractcases were examined preoperatively and postoperatively by using advanced wide-field specular microscope.Results The density of the corneal endothelium was (2334.61±322.42) mm2 in preoperative and (2045.23±376.82) mm2 in postoperative 3~6 months. The loss rate of the corneal endothelium was 12.11% in postoperative3~6 months. The average cell area of the corneal endothelium increased from preoperative (340.29±127.22) um2to postoperative (390.12±213.44) um2. The CV increased from preoperative 42.55% to postoperative 53.21%.The percentage of hexagonal cells of corneal endothelium decreased from preoperative (54.32 ±12.53)% topostoperative (45.51±13.93)%. All the results were statistically significant difference (P0.05). ConclusionsThe density of corneal endothelium decreased, and the loss rate of corneal endothelium increased after operation3~6 months. The average cell area and the CV increased. The percentage of standard hexagonal cells decreased.All the results meaned that diabetic cataract surgery which damaged corneal endothelium. But the corneas weretransparent and the patients had good acuity vision. So that, operation is an important means for diabetic cataract.


This paper presents a minimal design of biquad circuit using only one plus current output type-II current conveyor (CCII), one differential voltage current conveyor (DVCC) and grounded passive components. The circuit enables all 5 basic filter types, low-pass (LP), band-pass (BP), high-pass (HP), band-stop (BS) and all-pass (AP) implementation by the selection and addition of the input and output currents with no component matching constraints. Moreover, the circuit parameters $\omega$0 and Q can be set simply by adjusting the circuit components. The proposed biquad circuit performance has very low sensitivity to circuit components due to its simple structure and small number of devices (2 active and 4 grounded passive components). This allows the circuit to work at high frequencies. The performance of the proposed topology was evaluated through PSPICE simulator using the 0. 1S$\mu$m CMOS technology from the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC).


Stemformatics is a dazzling part of modern Bioinformatics. Stem cell research and Bioinformatics collaboration will open up many new avenues for specific drug designing for many diseases in a cost effective way. Epigenetics, Methylation and Cell Reprogramming are the best tools to explore new avenues to design in future customized medicine for mankind. Stemformatics may able to solve many unsolved problems in near future in the field of Phylogenetic and Translational medicine like stem cell therapy. Stemformatics is a perfect tool to explore specific drug design which make to better understand the role of transcription factors in the maintenance of stem cells (however functions of the transcription factors are not fully characterize) that may consists the property of self-renewal and specialized. It concerns about one of the important aspect which includes phylogenetic and CpG Islands analysis for the future clinical applications, Regenerative Medicine and resolving mysteries of various dangerous diseases and disorders. Phylogenetic analysis and identification of CpG Islands (CpIs) of two transcription factors (i.e. v-Myc and Nanog).


Assesses the evolution of retail brands within British grocery retailing over the past 25 years. Highlights key issues in defining retail brands which contribute to our understanding of their role and impact upon company strategy, and then explores how British retailers have managed the evolution of these product ranges. Identifies key factors as the changing basis and use of retail power in the distribution channel, the centralisation of management activities, and the appreciation of what constitutes retail image. Argues that British grocery retailers have successfully managed these factors to create a retail brand which is now regarded by customers as being at least equal to, if not better than, the established manufacturer brands.


Objective:To make clear the peak content of total flavonoids and total polysaccharide in the leaf and fruit of Eucommia ulmoides,so as to provide evidence for the optimal harvest of the fruit of E.ulmoides.Method:Total flavonoids extracted with 70% ethanol by reflux from leaves and fruits of E.ulmoides in different harvest periods were determined by UV spectroscopy at 506 nm.Total polysaccharide from leaves and fruits of E.ulmoides in different harvest periods were determined by phenol-sulfuric acid method and measured by ultraviolet spectrophotometer at 481 nm with glucose as a reference substance.Result:The flavonoids content in leaves and fruits of E.ulmoides during different harvest periods were significant different by UV spectroscopy.The highest flavonoids content of leaves and fruits during different harvest periods of E.ulmoides was found in April,and then declined until July and a little rise again.The content of flavonoids stabilized after September.There were significant differences about total polysaccharide in leaves and fruit of E.ulmoides in different seasons.The total polysaccharide content of the leaves and fruits of Eucommia in different harvests were highest in March.The content of polysaccharide of the Eucommia leaf gradually decreased after May.And then,total polysaccharide content of Eucommia fruits would stabilize from August to November.Conclusion:It can be obtained from this experiment that the best harvest period of the leaves and fruits of Eucommia is in April.


A statistical analysis of almost 50 000 soft X-ray (SXR) flares observed by GOES during the period 1976–2000 is presented. On the basis of this extensive data set, statistics on temporal properties of soft X-ray flares, such as duration, rise and decay times with regard to the SXR flare classes is presented. Correlations among distinct flare parameters, i.e. SXR peak flux, fluence and characteristic times, and frequency distributions of flare occurrence as function of the peak flux, the fluence and the duration are derived. We discuss the results of the analysis with respect to statistical flare models, the idea of coronal heating by nanoflares, and elaborate on implications of the obtained results on the Neupert effect in solar flares.


The study investigated the relationship between total quality management and goal attainment in public higher institutions in Rivers State. Total quality management was conceptualized with leadership, and recognition as the dimensions of total quality management while goal attainment was measured with goal attainment. The study answered two research questions and tested 2 null hypotheses in order to establish the hypothetical formulation on the relationship between total quality management and goal attainment of public higher institutions in Rivers State. The study population comprised of the 399 principal officers and administrators of public higher institutions in Rivers State. The study sample comprised 200 Principal Officers and administrators in public higher institutions in Rivers State. The study sample size was determined with the aid of Taro-Yamen's formula. Pearson's Product Moment Correlation was used to test the hypotheses with the aid of the Statistical Packages for Social Science, version 23.0. The p-values were calculated to determine the significance of the hypothesized relationship. Analytical outcomes revealed statistically positive and significant relationships between the dimensions of total quality management and components of goal attainment. Based on the findings, the study concluded that total quality management has significant and positive relationship with goal attainment of public higher institutions in Rivers State. The study therefore, recommended that administrators of public higher institutions should constantly initiate leadership programmes to groom their staff on good administration; administrators of public higher institutions should build reward systems to recognize exceptional behavior.