A SEARCH of the literature revealed no information concerning 6-chloro-8-ethylquinoline and hence the preparation of it and some of its derivatives was undertaken. A comparison of the properties of such compounds with those of 6-chloro-8-methylquinoline and its derivatives as reported by Irving, Greene, Peterson, and Capps (3) as well as with those of 6-bromo-8-ethylquinoline as reported by Beasley, Brown and Capps (2) appeared to be of interest. 6-Chloro-8-ethylquinoline was prepared from 2-amino5-chloroethylbenzene by the modified Skraup method as reported by Altau and others ( I ) . The 2-amino-5-chloroethylbenzene was obtained from the chlorination of 2acetamidoethylbenzene, which in turn had been synthesized from ethylbenzene (1). A solution of 6-chloro-8-ethylquinoline in sulfuric acid (sp. gr. 1.84) was added to a solution of fuming nitric acid (sp. gr. 1.5) in sulfuric acid (sp. gr. 1.84) a t 0-5" prior to increasing the internal temperature to 60" and maintaining it for 30 minutes. The structure of the 6chloro-8-ethyl-5-nitroquinoline, thus obtained, was established by comparing its properties with those of an authentic sample as synthesized by a Skraup ring-closure upon 2-acetamido-4-nitro-5-chloroethylbenzene ( 1 ) . 6-Chloro-8-ethyl-1-methylquinolinium ethyl sulfate resulted when 6-chloro-8-ethylquinoline was heated with dimethyl sulfate a t 135"-140". 6-Chloro-8-ethyl-1-methyl2-quinolone was obtained by the oxidation of the methylquinolinium salt with alkaline ferricyanide solution a t 60°-650. A mixture of phosphorus oxychloride and phosphorus pentachloride reacted with the quinolone, when heated in an oil bath a t 125"-130", yielding 2,6-dichloro8-ethylquinoline, which was then hydrolyzed by heating with sulfuric acid (52.5 ml.; sp. gr. 1.84)-water (36 ml.) solution. 6-Chloro-8-ethyl-2-hydroxyquinoline was nitrated with a mixture of sulfuric acid (sp. gr. 1.84) and nitric acid (sp. gr. 1.42) under relatively mild conditions yielding 6-chloro8-ethyl-2-hydroxy-5-nitroquinoline. An authentic sample of 6-chloro-8-ethyl-2-hydroxy-5-nitroquinoline was prepared for comparison purposes from 6-chloro-8-ethyl-5-nitroquinoline via 6-chloro-8-ethyl-l-methyl-5-nitro-2-quinolone and 2,6-dichloro-8-ethyl-5-nitroquinoline. The 6-chloro-8ethyl-l-methyl-5-nitro-2-quinolone was prepared according to modifications of conditions reported by Beasley, Brown, and Capps (2) for reacting 6-brome-8-ethyl-5-nitroquinoline with dimethyl sulfate and then oxidizing with alkaline hydrogen peroxide. Reaction of the 6-chloro-8-ethyl-lmethyl-5-nitro-2-quinolone with a mixture of phosphorus oxychloride and phosphorus pentachloride, while being heated in an oil bath a t 125"-130°, gave some 2,6-dichloro8-ethyl-5-nitroquinoline, which was hydrolyzed upon heating with sulfuric acid (50 ml.; sp. gr. 1.84)-water (25 ml.) solution to 6-chloro-8-ethyl-2-hydroxy-5-nitroquinoline. A dinitro derivative of 6-chloro-8-ethyl-2-hydroxyquinoline formed, along with an unseparated mixture, upon nitration under more stringent conditions, while using a mixture of fuming nitric acid (sp. gr. 1.5) and sulfuric acid (sp. gr. 1.84). No attempt was made establish the structure of this dinitro derivative: The 2,6-dichloro-8-ethyl-5-nitroquinoline, as obtained from 6-chloro-8-ethyl-5-nitroquinoline, also served as a reference compound for indicating the position taken by the nitro group during the nitration of 2,6-dichloro-8-ethylquinoline with a mixture of sulfuric and fuming nitric acid. 6-Chloro-8-ethyl-5-nitroquinoline and 2,6-dichloro-8ethyl-5-nitroquinoline were each reduced independently with hydrogen a t 40 p.s.i. pressure, in the presence of Raney nickel catalyst, to the corresponding amine. 6-Chloro-8-ethyl-5-nitroquinoline was reduced also with a mixture of stannous chloride and hydrochloric acid to 5-amino-6-chloro-8-ethylquinoline. Heating 5-amino-6-chloro-8-ethylquinoline and 5-amino2,6-dichloro-8-ethylquinoline under refluxing conditions with a solution of acetic anhydride and glacial acetic acid gave the corresponding acetamido derivatives. The benzoylation of 5-amino-6-chloro-8-ethylquinoline and 5-amino-2,6-dichloro-8-ethylquinoline under SchottenBaumann conditions ( 4 ) yielded the corresponding benzamido derivatives.


Objective To evaluate the clinical effect and complication of endovenous laser treatment (EVLT) on varicose veins of lower extremity.Methods The clinical data of 232 cases with varicose veins of lower extremity treated by EVLT from August 2003 to April 2005 were summarize retrospectively.Results 102 limbs of 72 patients were treated by EVLT only,the recurrence rate was 21.57%(22/102),282 limbs of 160 patients were treated by EVLT combing with high ligation of great saphenous vein,the recurrence rate was 1.42%(4/282).The complications after operation was stagnant blood (22/384,5.73%),phlebitis(61/384,15.89%),ambustion(15/384,3.91%),injury of saphenous nerve(72/384,18.75%) and femoral vein thrombosis(1/384,0.26%).Conclusion Combining both high ligation of great saphenous vein and EVLT may reduce recurrence rate and improve curative effect. The complications can be avoided when grasping the indication and operating correctly.


To the Editor: The etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not been elucidated, although data indicate that a change of mucosal immunity in the gut of IBD causes an imbalance of inflammatory cytokines and migration of leukocytes into the bowel, thus leading to dysregulated inflammation. Treatment of IBD focuses on suppressing and blocking the inflammatory process. In the past years various therapies were tested, including the use of interferon therapy, which showed no benefit in patients with IBD. Curiously, there are conflicting data on interferon treatment in IBD. There are indeed a few published cases of development of ulcerative colitis (UC) following interferons (IFN) a and b. It remains undemonstrated whether an association between UC and multiple sclerosis (MS) exists, or if it is an adverse effect of IFN-b. We herein report 4 cases of colitis developed after a diagnosis of MS, in which 3 were after the introduction of IFN-b and 1 before its administration.


In order to determine if the alternating tendency of styrene with fluorinated styrenes in free radical copolymerizations correlates with the strength and/or extent of π−π stacking interactions between aromatic fluorocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons, styrene (St) was copolymerized with 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorostyrene (PFS) and 4-fluorostyrene (4FS) under a variety of conditions. For the copolymerization of styrene with PFS at 25 °C, rStrFS = 0.048 and 0.069 in bulk and toluene, respectively, using tert-butylperoxy pivalate as the initiator. For the copolymerization of styrene with PFS at 70 °C using benzoyl peroxide as the initiator, rStrFS = 0.17 in bulk and rStrFS = 0.14 in toluene. For the copolymerization of styrene with 4FS, rStrFS = 0.69 at 25 °C under redox conditions and rStrFS = 0.62 at 70 °C in bulk. As confirmed by 1H, 13C, and 19F one-dimensional NMR and 1H−13C heteronuclear single quantum coherence and 1H−1H nuclear Overhauser effect two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy results, St and 4FS tend to f...


It is well known that low correlation zone sequences have been adopted as spreading sequences in the quasi-synchronous code division multiple access (QS-CDMA) systems of wireless communication systems, where time delay among different users is allowed to be within a few chips. In this paper, numerical analysis shows that the QS-CDMA systems using low correlation zone (LCZ) sequences outperform the conventional code division multiple access (CDMA) systems. Also, several LCZ sequences are revisited and a new extension method for the construction of LCZ sequences is proposed.


A geometrical structure called the implied minterm structure (IMS) has been developed from the properties of minterms of a threshold function. The IMS is useful for the manual testing of linear separability of switching functions of up to six variables. This testing is done just by inspection of the plot of the function on the IMS.


A personal narrative is presented in which the author describes his experience taking an art criticism class taught by the artist David Salle.


ABSTRACT Introduction. In temperate zones, the main peat-forming plants are bryophytes, and the restoration capacity of disturbed peatland depends largely on the availability of suitable bryophyte diaspores. We investigated the species richness of bryophytes in the above-ground flora and diaspore bank of three types of mire common in Estonia and northern Europe: ombrotrophic bogs, poor fen and rich fen. Methods. The above-ground flora was recorded and diaspore bank samples were collected from study sites in eastern Estonia representing bog, poor fen and rich fen (three sites per mire type). For each mire type, the diaspore bank samples from the study sites were blended and placed in a growth chamber for 6 months, and the bryophytes that subsequently emerged were identified. Key results. In total, 54 bryophyte species were found, including six liverworts. Of the three mire types, rich fen had the most species both above and below ground. The number of species in the diaspore bank was lowest in bog (8) and highest in rich fen (27). Three species with conservation value were found: Hamatocaulis vernicosus (in the above-ground flora only) and Meesia longiseta and Splachnum ampullaceum (in the diaspore bank only). The species richness of the bryophyte diaspore bank was similar and significantly related to that of the above-ground bryophyte flora. Conclusion. In temperate-zone mires, the diaspore bank can be a depository of species that have disappeared from the above-ground flora. The local diaspore bank could a valuable source of species richness for the restoration of disturbed mire communities.


Decomposition of azidoacrylates (2) derived from 2-alkylindole-3-carbaldehydes gives pharmacologically important β-carboline derivatives [(4), (5)], or azepino[4,5-b]indoles (6) in a new reaction of vinyl azides.


A bio control bacteria LX 07 producing antifungal substance was isolated from the soil of maize roots. It was identified as Bacillus subtilis on the basis of morphological characters as well as the sequence analysis of 16S rDNA.The inhibitory test showed that the antifungal substance produced by LX 07 exhibited extensive antagonistic effect on quite a number of plant pathogenic fungi. Characterizations of the antifungal substance were assayed with Alternaria alternate as indicative bacteria. The results suggested that the antagonists were very stable within the tested range from 40℃ to 100℃ under pH8. 0,but with 90% original activity after treated at 121℃ for 30min. In addition,the antifungal substance showed no change from pH2. 0 ~ 12. 0 under room temperature. With regard to the three proteinases,the results indicated that the antifungal substance was sensitive to pepsin and proteinase K,but it was very stable to trypsin.


In the present work, the glass formation of Zr59Nb5Cu18Ni8Al10 (numbers indicate at %) alloy with diameter of 2 mm was prepared through water-cooled copper mold casting and in a ribbon form by the single roller melt-spinning method. This study is primarily devoted to evaluating the results obtained with the two methods of the development. The thermal stability was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at a heating rate of 10℃/mn. The characteristic data of the bulk metallic glass are presented, including glass transition temperature (Tg) and crystallization temperature (Tx). The microstructure and constituent phases of the alloy composite have been analyzed by using X-ray diffraction, and observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The mechanical properties of bulk Zr59Nb5Cu18Ni8Al10 were alloy measured by compression tests at room temperature.


DNA encodes the genetic information of all the inheritable characteristics of an organic structure. In a previous study, we proposed and demonstrated a microfluidic platform integrated with laser-induced heating for real-time replication and detection of lDNA [1, 2]. Avidin–biotin binding was utilized to immobilize one end of the replicated products to the microchannels for the target sequences detection following replication. Our method enables rapid heating and cooling and thus can be applied to microanalysis systems for analyzing microliter samples such as those at the single-cell level. Single-cell analysis technology for rapid and low-cost target gene detection is a current prominent field of biomedical research. Accurately and rapidly replicating and detecting DNA sequences from a single cell is a key technical challenge in single-cell amplification and library preparation [3]. In the present study, we developed a platform with integrated laser heating for in situ target DNA replication and detection in a single cell. The following method was developed for single cell lysis and the target DNA replication. First, an infrared (IR) laser with a wavelength of 1.4 mm was applied to irradiate the cell for DNA release. Then, single cell lysis was conducted in various osmotic solutions to enable DNA release. Finally, the laser was used as a heating source for cellular DNA replication. Figure 1(a) and 1(b) displays the cells after disruption with a 0.4-W laser in a hypertonic and hypotonic solution, respectively. The cell size and DNA fluorescent range (not shown) decreased after disruption in the hypertonic solution (Fig. 1(a)). By contrast, the cell burst and its substrate was released following disruption in the hypotonic solution (Fig. 1(b)). This result enabled the replication and detection of target DNA in a single cell. In addition, the relationship between cell disruption and laser power in various osmotic solutions is discussed. The techniques developed in this study can be applied to targeted gene detection at the single-cell level.


To investigate the influence of the lateral inflow on the vortical structures and hydraulic losses inside the mixed-flow pump, entropy production, and Q-criterion were applied to numerical simulation analysis of transient flow. Three inflow runner schemes were designed to compare the effects of the middle-isolated pier and rear wall of the "ω" structure on restraining the occurrence and transmission of a vortex and stabilizing the internal flow state of the pump device. The results showed that when the inflow condition transformed from parallel inflow to lateral inflow, the design efficiency and head deviated toward the over-load flow rate, and the maximum deviations were obtained under the over-load flow rate, reaching 4.79% and 50.35%, respectively. The hydraulic losses and vortical structures increased to a large extent, influenced by the lateral inflow, particularly the flow region near the impeller hub. The setting of the vortex suppression facilities effectively reduced the deviation ratios in the design efficiency and head, which decreased to 1.31% and 7.59%, respectively. The vorticity intensity and entropy dissipation rate were also significantly decreased. By contrast, the rear wall of the "ω" structure had a greater stabilization effect on the internal flow patterns than that of the middle-isolated pier.


The Indonesian government has a vision to become the world's best sustainable palm oil producer with the aim of producing 40 million tons of palm oil in 2020 for food and for energy. The country must produce must double in the next 10 years. This condition raises black campaign from various parts of the world. Palm oil is a destroyer of the earth, but on the other hand the potential for food security in the world plays a very big role, especially for edible oil and energy.. This study aimed to determined the oil extraction rate in crude palm oil and minor components (tocol content and beta-carotene) at altitudes of 650 meters above sea level and 850 meters above sea level. This study used a completely non-factorial randomized design with parameters of unriped, riped and over riped. The results showed that the maturity level of oil palm fruit affected the oil extraction rate, beta-carotene, tocol content (tocopherol and tocotrienol) of crude palm oil produced at altitude of 650 meters above sea level and 850 meters above sea level. Riped fruit has high oil extraction rate, and the minor component were measured by tocol content and beta-carotene contained in crude palm oil.


The traditional wisdom for designing database schemas is to use a design tool (typically based on a UML or E-R model) to construct an initial data model for one's data. When one is satisfied with the result, the tool will automatically construct a collection of 3rd normal form relations for the model. Then applications are coded against this relational schema. When business circumstances change (as they do frequently) one should run the tool again to produce a new data model and a new resulting collection of tables. The new schema is populated from the old schema, and the applications are altered to work on the new schema, using relational views whenever possible to ease the migration. In this way, the database remains in 3rd normal form, which represents a "good" schema, as defined by DBMS researchers. "In the wild", schemas often change once a quarter or more often, and the traditional wisdom is to repeat the above exercise for each alteration. In this paper we report that the traditional wisdom appears to be rarely-to-never followed for large, multi-department applications. Instead DBAs appear to attempt to minimize application maintenance (and hence schema changes) instead of maximizing schema quality. This leads to schemas which quickly diverge from E-R or UML models and actual database semantics tend to drift farther and farther from 3rd normal form. We term this divergence of reality from 3rd normal form principles database decay. Obviously, this is a very undesirable state of affairs, and should be avoided if possible. The paper continues with tactics to slow down database decay. We argue that the traditional development methodology, that of coding applications in ODBC or JDBC, is at least partly to blame for decay. Hence, we propose an alternate methodology that should be more resilient to decay.


The commitment to the procedural rules of democracy, particularly to the electoral mechanism, on the part of political leadership is considered necessary for the establishment and survival of democracy. However, the political actors' commitment to the electoral mechanism does not guarantee the well-being of the democratic regime. In newly established democracies, the electoral mechanism itself can also function as a disadvantage to democracy if it is manipulated by the political elite. Based on this assumption, this article analyzes the case of Turkey's Democratic Party (DP, Demokrat Parti) under the leadership of Celal Bayar and Adnan Menderes between 1946 and 60 and demonstrates that political actors can exploit the electoral mechanism by either rescheduling elections or amending the electoral regulations despite their acceptance of it as one of the basic procedural rules of democracy.


Placenta previa is the pathology of placenta in which the placenta lies completely or partially within the lower uterine segment. According to its relationship with internal os it is divided into four grades 1, 2, 3, 4. The objective of this study was to explore the risk factors and pregnancy outcome of patient with placenta. A case control study was done on 382 subjects in which 82 were included in the cases, and 300 were included in controls who presented at Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Tripoli medical center during 2011. Diagnosed patients of placenta previa were included in case group and other healthy subjects were included in the control group and statistical significance was also calculated. In conclusion, previous history of cesarean section, previous history of D + C, previous history of placenta previa is independent risk factors for placenta previa. An increase in the incidence of these risk factors probably contributes to a rise in the number of pregnancies complicated with placenta previa and its association with adverse maternal and prenatal outcome. Carful surveillance of these risk factors is recommended with timely delivery in order to reduce the associated complication.


DC shipboard power systems have been considered as a promising solution for stricter environmental regulations on ships due to their main benefits in fuel savings with variable speed engines and easy integration of energy storage systems. In order to employ the dc solution in the shipboard power systems, the dc power systems have to be protected from a system fault with protection selectivity to minimize impacts of the fault or to avoid other undesirable situations in the system. For low-voltage dc shipboard power systems, a three-level protection has been proposed: 1) fast action (first)—bus separation by solid-state dc bus-tie switch; 2) medium action (second)—feeder protection by high-speed fuse; and 3) slow action (third)—generator–rectifier fault controls. This paper proposes a new method by means of additional bus capacitance added in main dc buses to help reliable operation of the three-level protection. The principle of the proposed method is introduced and the sizing of the additional bus capacitance is addressed in this paper. With the modeling of the dc shipboard power systems, the analyses of voltage drops for the bus separation failure and fault clearing time for the feeder protection are carried out to verify the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method not only mitigates the voltage drop for the bus separation failure, but also achieves the selectivity and the sensitivity for the feeder protection.


The international intellectual property (IP) system remains one of the areas of law in which norm-setting through the treaty method is at its most prolific. This chapter discusses the trend of prolific treaty-making in IP, a trend that is at variance with the generally slow pace of treaty-making in other areas of international law. It reviews norm-setting through treaty-making in the IP field and discusses the historical and political forces that have shaped the international IP system today. The IP system nevertheless needs to adopt non-treaty means of norm-setting or international cooperation. Certain platforms and other non-treaty means are in vogue now and will likely increasingly be used in the IP setting. This chapter also describes some of the new and innovative means of non-treaty forms of international cooperation in the IP arena, and ends with the prediction that the multilateral system of cooperation in IP will continue to be enhanced through a combination of treaty and non-treaty forms of collaboration.


The invention provides hyperchromic fish grain for spectacular fish, which contains as follows by weight percentages: white fishmeal 50-60%, starch 20-30%, bean powder 9-15%, fish oil 5%, carophyll pink 0.5%, Haematococcus 0.5-1.5%, yeast powder 3-5%, compound vitamin 1% and mineral matter 1%. The fish grain can remarkably improve coloring and hyperchromic effect of fish, thereby enhancing ornamental ability of fish. The produced fish grain feed coefficient is <=1.2, and the stability in water is more than 24 hours, and has smooth, rounding and beautiful appearance, good feeding attraction, and high absorption and usage rates.


Agriculture has large impacts on quality of water resources. Conventional intensive farming results frequently in high level of sediments in rivers and causes phosphorus and pesticides pollutions. Conservation agriculture is a way to maintain high productivity at the long term and to protect water resources. Indeed, conservation agriculture improves infiltration, soil adsorption capacity and reduces erosion. In some watersheds in the world, it is a mean to restore water resources quality. The Itaipu dam area constitutes an experience where no-till have reduced soil erosion since the 1990. Now, the challenge is to make evolve the farming systems to conservation agriculture, with permanent soil cover and crop rotations, in order to improve water quality of Itaipu lake.


Dear Sir, We read with interest the article of Spina et al. (1) concerning the role of inherited thrombophilia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) complicated by thromboembolism. The authors evaluated the role of factor V Leiden (FVL) (G1691A) and G20210 prothrombin (PT) gene mutations in a large IBD population (47 cases) with a history of thromboembolism. Their unexpected finding that these important genetic risk factors for thrombosis were significantly less frequent in thrombotic IBD patients than in thrombotic non-IBD patients raises important questions. A high prevalence of FVL mutation has been considered as the most frequent coagulation defect found in patients with venous thrombosis. Concerning IBD there is evidence that the FVL is not associated with the disease per se, but when present it increases the risk for thromboembolism (2). We were able to find in the literature data about the prevalence of FVL in 135 IBD cases complicated with venous thrombosis with a positive result in 19 cases giving a prevalence of 14.1% (3–5). On the other hand, Spina et al. found only two FVL positive (4.1%) thrombotic IBD cases whereas 16.0% of nonIBD thrombotic patients were FVL positive. The G20210A PT gene mutation, has also not been found associated with IBD, and in 83 IBD cases with venous thrombosis that we found to be tested in the literature, 6 cases (7.2 %) were positive for this mutation (5). The prevalence of G20210 PT gene mutation in the study of Spina et al. (10.6 % in thrombotic IBD patients) did not differ from the thrombotic controls and it is essentially in accordance with the previous studies. It is therefore not true that both, as stated, major inherited risk factors were significantly less frequent in thrombotic IBD than in thrombotic controls. This is true for only FVL in the study by Spina et al. Moreover, the main difference between the results of this study and the literature concerns the prevalence of FVL. We feel that the authors should have discussed in more detail the possible reasons for this discrepancy (laboratory methods, population, etc.). Moreover, the composition of the thrombotic IBD group in this study raises some queries. In the majority of the published series on this topic mainly venous thrombotic episodes (deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism) due to their established association with genetic thrombotic risk factors were included. In this study, the thrombotic IBD group is more heterogeneous and several cases with other vascular manifestations such as myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, arterial thrombosis, and even superficial thrombophlebitis were included. The composition of the control group is not reported in detail but possible differences with the IBD thrombotic group could also explain the observed differences. Venous thromboembolism in IBD develops as a result of multiple interactions between acquired and genetic risk factors (6). We think that the existing data do not permit us to conclude that "acquired risk factors play the most important role in determining thromboembolic events observed in IBD patients." Multicentric studies with large number of patients and investigation of multiple factors and their interactions are needed. The prothrombotic metabolic changes associated with IBD, the alterations in plasma and mucosal hemostasis, the secondary to inflammation changes as well as the known and possibly new genetic thrombotic risk factors, should be included in these factors.


This research work is based on introducing a very important aspect of e-electioneering into Nigerian voting system, without changing the existing laws. This is the e-authentication of voters on Election Day before voting, using the contactless card technology. This work using Poisson queuing process that is M/G/S was able to show that application of contactless card reader and scanner technology for e-authentication of voters reduces the expected service time ES from 3 minutes to 0.75 minutes, the length of the queue from 2.25 voters to 0.044 voters and the average waiting time for voters to complete authentication reduced from 12 minutes to 1 minute.


The structure of the title compound has been solved from diffractometer data by the heavy-atom method and refined by least-squares techniques to R 8.24% for 890 independent reflections. Crystals are monoclinic, space group P21/n, with unit-cell dimensions: a= 8.894(6), b= 14.603(8), c= 7.476(6)A, β= 97.85(5)°, Z= 4. The structure consists of planar trigonal [HgCl3]– anions and pyramidal [Me3S]+ cations. Two chloride ions bridge consecutive [HgCl3]– anions, giving rise to infinite chains running along [001]. I.r. and Raman spectra between 3 500 and 50 cm–1 have been recorded and characteristic [Me3S]+ and [HgCl3]– frequencies assigned. The spectral features agree with the planar trigonal structure of the anion. Raman data and molecular-weight measure-ments showed that [HgCl3]– is strongly dissociated in aqueous solution.


The Danish requirements for citizenship are often grounded on an ideal about rewarding personal effort and responsibility. A similar ideal is known from luck egalitarianism, a widely known and accepted theory of justice. This article unfolds a luck egalitarian argument in defence of the Danish requirements and investigates, in light of this argument, whether the requirements relevantly reflect effort and responsibility. The article concludes dismissively and offers a number of ways of improving Danish citizenship policy in terms of fairness.


The synaptic vesicle protein synaptotagmin 1 is the main calcium sensor of neuronal exocytosis. Calcium binds to its cytosolic portion that consists of tandem C2-type domains. In this work we show that MicroScale Thermophoresis is a valuable tool to measure binding of ions to proteins, with and without the use of a fluorescent label.


Some facts and figures illustrate better than a long article the social and economic impact of the seasonal unemployment of an important part of the workers. In 1961, the population of the Province of Quebec amounted to 1,471,840 people, according to the Federal Census. At the end of January of the same year, 83,791 people, according to the estimates of the Federal Minister of Labour, were without employment, i.e. a proportion of nearly 89fc of the total-man power; at the end of February, 1952, 114,973 people were in the same situation, making up at this time almost 8% of the total active population.


This paper sumed up prelirninary on freguency modulator installation,found out possible occurrence problems and corresponding measares have been put forward.


The article observes the influence of historical and cultural factors on lexical semantics of the words
'патріотизм' in Ukrainian, 'patriotism' in English and 'patriotyzm' in the Polish language as the central
concepts of lexical-semantic fields. It argues that the extralinguistic events and processes are significant for
the semantics of the socio-political lexicon. The analysis of the etymological dictionaries shows that the
basic meaning of the studied concepts was formed in the 17th century in French, where the word 'patriot'
was used to describe someone who feels love and devotion to his or her country and nation. The word
'patriotism' appeared at the end of the 18th century and was associated with the ideals of the French
Revolution, which were the equality of citizens, the commitment to law, the active public position, and
patriotism. The equality was provided for all members of the society regardless of their nationality. Bretons,
Provencals, Alsatians, and others were showing their love and devotion to their country, having the genetic
links and sharing the same history, traditions, and languages. At that time, the political nation was formed
in France, and its boundaries coincided with the boundaries of the state; therefore, the feeling of patriotism
for their nation was identical to the feeling of patriotism for their country. The English language inherited
the word 'patriotism' from French, so its dictionary definitions contain only one object of this feeling denoted
by combinations of semes 'their' + 'country' and 'one's' + 'country'. On the contrary, Ukrainian and Polish
definitions contain both objects (a country and a nation) denoted by semes 'батьківщина' and 'народ' in
Ukrainian and 'ojczyzna' and 'narod' in Polish. Ukrainians, as well as Poles, lived in the territories
belonging to different countries. In consequence, it was very important for them to identify the members of
their nations on the basis of a common origin, culture, traditions, and languages, and, unlike the English
people, to feel patriotism not only for the country they live in but also for the nation they belong to.


Small businesses and home offices (SOHO) are increasingly connected to the Internet through broadband networking (cable, DSL, wireless) twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week (24/7). Of course, neither small businesses, nor individuals working in their home offices, have the financial resources, or the technical expertise, to protect themselves as effectively as organizations with well-staffed Information Systems Departments. What can SOHO do? The answer to this question is the objective of this briefing, particularly aiming to provide materials for a class meeting on Security in the MBA core course in information systems. Security threats to SOHO are becoming a problem for mid to large-size organizations, too. Many of the security breaches in large-size organizations, as was the case recently at Microsoft, were in reality security breaches in the home office of their employees. DoS (Denial of Service) attack to large organization sites (CNN, Yahoo, etc) are done using zombies planted in home PCs using broadband networking. SOHO should be able to protect themselves using cheap firewalls (hardware and software), detect potential hazardous hacker activities, prevent the installation of backdoors and Trojans, and be able to remove back doors and Trojans from their systems. Outline Basic Security Concepts • requirements: secrecy, integrity and availability • threats: interruption, interception, modification and fabrication • assets: hardware, software, data, communication lines, etc. Explains the basic tenets of security in simple terms Internet Attacks Framework • target acquisition and information gathering: footprinting, scanning and enumeration • initial access: physical access, trojans and brute force • privilege escalation: becoming administrator, root, and consolidation of power by obtaining other accounts, accessing other resources (hosts, networks). • covering tracks: avoid detection by deleting or modifying logs, disguising trojans. Reveals the hacker logic and comprehensive attack framework Free Tools for Footprinting, Scanning and Enumeration • CyberKit: whois, single ping, ping sweep, traceroute, and port scanning


PurposeThe lack of theoretical and pragmatic way of measuring agricultural commercialization has been responsible for the inconsistent results for the impact of agricultural commercialization on household welfare. This study makes use of an input-based market participation approach that utilizes household preplanting production decision to stratify farming households according to production orientation.Design/methodology/approachThe study estimates a system of input and consumer demand equations. It augments traditional input and consumer demand equations with an additional variable based on an endogenous switch, which measures the probability of being a commercial farming household. Empirical evidence suggests that market orientation is an important determinant of the level of traded input and hence, market participation. Predicted probabilities obtained from the endogenous switch are used to stratify households into subsistence and commercial agricultural households.FindingsResults of the relative effect of commercial agriculture on the level of household food security support the claim that production orientation does affect the relationship between the relative share of food expenditure to the household total expenditures and the logarithm of household expenditure for this part of sub-Saharan Africa.Research limitations/implicationsAs in the case of all generalized method of moments studies, the results depend on the robustness of the instruments. However, search for better instruments may run afoul of Leamer's ad hoc specification search with nonexperimental data.Originality/valueThis paper is original in its formulation of an endogenous switch between subsistence and commercial agriculture. This switch is estimated as a latent variable following a logit form.


A picture of the research in Applied Linguistics in Italy can be derived from a survey of the activities carried out by the Italian Applied Linguistics Association (AItLA). To this purpose, the following pages present the activities of AItLA in the national, European and international framework, and provide information on the main research activities carried out within the context of AItLA, as well as on the means through which these activities are promoted and disseminated.


Background: The objective of this study is to examine the effects of county-level socioeconomic and healthcare access factors on stage at diagnosis of oral cancer in the United States by combining data from disparate sources.
 Methods: We abstracted oral cancer data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 18 registries research database. These data included tumor characteristics, demographics, and county of residence of cases. We abstracted county-level socioeconomic variables from the American Community Survey (ACS), county-level smoking prevalence from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), and county-level healthcare resource data from the Area Health Resource File (AHRF). The binary outcome was stage at diagnosis (distant versus localized or regional). The predictors were age category at diagnosis, sex, race/ethnicity available for individual cases, and county-level variables. We used a multilevel mixed effects analysis to assess the correlates of patient-level and county-level factors on stage at diagnosis of oral cancer in cases diagnosed between 2010 and 2016 from 612 counties.
 Results: Among 54,099 patients diagnosed with oral cancer, 10954 (20.25%) had distant-stage disease. Multivariable analysis showed statistical difference in distant versus localized or regional stage at diagnosis between non-Hispanic Whites and Non-Hispanic Blacks (odds ratio [OR]: 1.872, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.743 - 2.0), Asians (OR: 1.762, 95% CI: 1.619 - 1.917), and Hispanics (OR: 1.380, 95% CI: 1.274 - 1.495), and between females and males (OR: 1.348, 95% CI: 1.282 - 1.427). The proportion of patients with distant stage disease also increased significantly with increasing age. In addition to patient-level characteristics, some county-level factors were also associated with distant stage at diagnosis. The proportion of patients with distant stage disease was significantly higher in counties with above-median percentage of foreign-born residents (OR: 1.157, 95% CI: 1.011 - 1.323) and above-median prevalence of ever smokers (OR: 1.123, 95% CI: 1.022 - 1.233). Of 2.18% total variability in stage at diagnosis, 0.4% was accounted for by patient-level characteristics and 0.32% by county-level characteristics, leaving 1.46% unexplained variation.
 Conclusion: We see significant roles of county-level smoking and foreign-born status on the risk of distant stage at diagnosis of oral cancer. This suggests a critical need to understand the oral health practices and behaviors of immigrant populations, including their tobacco product use and oral cancer screening uptake.
 Citation Format: Sana Chawla, Jaya M. Satagopan. Combining diverse data sources to examine disparities in stage at diagnosis among adults with oral cancer in the United States [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 1951.


The development of technology creates a new phenomenon in human life, one of which is virtual objects (virtual property). This study aims to find and examine various concepts about virtual objects and the position of virtual objects in the Civil Code. This research is normative legal research, using a conceptual approach and a statutory approach. The data used are primary, secondary and tertiary. The data is analyzed qualitatively. The results show that: (1) The term virtual object is not known in the Civil Code but rather intangible objects because the Civil Code has existed and been in force since May 1, 1948, while the virtual world only developed in 1970.  (2) Virtual objects are categorized as objects because they meet the elements: can be mastered/attached rights by humans, can be captured by the five senses or not, can be valued with money, or economic value, is a unity of owner and object. Because virtual objects are known and exist in the virtual world, one element is added that is formed through the interconnection of computer networks. (3) The position of virtual objects in the Civil Code shall be limited insofar as intangible or disembodied objects are concerned. This is a consequence of a constantly changing society, with rules in that society. Law developed as an alternative that could follow society's development according to its era's needs. (4) Along with legal developments that follow the development of society related to virtual objects, although limited, it has been regulated in several regulations outside the Civil Code, namely Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright and Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Amendments to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions.


Acknowledgements The findings in this study are based, in part, on contributions by state, local, tribal, and territorial health departments. Figure: Rate of reported foodborne disease outbreaks per 1 million population and number of outbreaks, by state and major etiology group ..


Abstract The CH 2 a 1 A 1 , (1, 2, 0), (2, 0, 0), (0, 5, 0), (1, 3, 0) and b 1 B 1 (1, 14 2 , 0), (0, 18 0 , 0), (0, 19 1 , 0) levels are characterized by Fourier-transform dispersed fluorescence spectroscopy (FTDFS). Rotational transitions in the b ← a 1 1 0 2 14 0 , 2 18 0 , and 2 19 0 fluorescence excitation bands and those of the b → a 1 0 1 2 16 2 , 1 0 1 2 17 2 , 1 0 2 2 16 0 , 2 18 5 , 2 19 5 , 1 0 1 2 18 3 and 1 1 0 2 19 3 bands in dispersed fluorescence spectra have been assigned. The rotational constants and vibrational term values for these vibrational levels have been obtained. Due to the limits brought by Renner-Teller coupling and Franck-Condon factors, this work, along with previous studies on lower vibrational levels, has characterized almost all a vibrational levels detectable in the b ↔ a transitions.


Every language contains a number of linguistic units that serve as a key to understanding the culture of its language speakers. Therefore, they bear specific information that helps to reveal cultural similarities and dissimilarities. Taking into account contemporary studies and focus of the science, this information can be very critical and relevant in intercultural communication. In this paper, we name such linguistic units as cultural keywords. So, we claim that cultural keywords can serve as a tool for intercultural communication. They are indicators for describing and understanding cultures. This can help to study, learn, discuss and describe the cultures of different nations all over the world. In the paper we suggest methodologies to identify cultural keywords. We claim that a methodological basis for the study may consist of three methods: semantic analysis, argumentative analysis and the Zipf's law. However, these are not comprehensive methods for discovering the keywords. Findings of the research can be applied to intercultural and cross-cultural studies as well as other interdisciplinary cultural studies.


SOD is the abbreviation of superoxide dismutase. The functions of SOD to human and the future market of SOD were discussed in this paper. From the point of multiple uses of resources, various technologies for extracting SOD from used-yeast in beer production and its enterprise standards were introduced.


This paper presents the Visual Protocol System (VPS), a new approach for vehicle location. VPS has three components: a protocol for the presentation and interpretation of information within visual scene standards for roadway labels, and an in-vehicle system designed to implement the visual protocol and feed information to an in-vehicle navigation system. The advantages to this proposed concept are that it has a low cost when compared with active roadside beacons, and the added advantage of multiple use potential and expandability when compared with single-use Global Positioning System (GPS) technology.


: To investigate the effect of selenium (se) administration on gonadotropins, a total of (15) immature female mice were injected intraperitonealy with (0.001) mg selenium once daily until appearance of full vaginal cornification. Control mice (n=15)were injected with normal saline .Result, showed that appearance partial vaginal cornification was noticed 5days past (se) administration. Full cornification was obtained on day 41of age .Serum changes in FSH,LH, and Estrogen were studied at the age of 41 days in all animals .Result showed that a significant (p<0.05) increase in serum level of both gonadotropins and Estrogen in( se ) treated mice ,Result of the present investigation indicate (se) ability to stimulate gonadotropin in immature mice associated with increase level of FSH,LH, and Estrogen hormone which delayed the age of puberty in female mice .


We report results obtained by measuring the low frequency (40-150 cm -1 ) resonance Raman scattering (RRS) spectra and excitation profiles of the cation radical salt (TTF) 2 (W 6 O 19 ) whose structure consists of almost isolated (TTF + ) 2 dimers that are characterized by a CT absorption band at 850 nm. Quantitative analysis of the RRS data has been performed based on a Peierls-Hubbard model for an isolated dimer. The parameters required for the calculation of the RRS data are derived analytically from the microscopic parameters of the Peierls-Hubbard Hamiltonian, which include the intermolecular (EIP) coupling constants. The excitation profiles have been calculated using the time correlator technique and their fitting provides the first experimental estimates of the EIP coupling constants


During the cold war,the countries of Central Asia and Central and Eastern Europe all pursued socialist system,and had close relationship with the former Soviet Union;after the cold war,on their way to democratization,they were all influenced by such powers as the former Soviet Union,Russia,EU,US,ect.But consequently there is a big difference.The countries of Central and Eastern Europe have achieved democratization,while those of Central Asia are still slow in the development of democratic system.From the perspective of the international comparison of democratization process of central Asia and Middle East Europe,this paper aims to explore the influence of the initial condition,the objective model,the external environment on the process of democratization.


EnglishThis abstract is devcted to the analysis of the castellanization process in the south of the Cantabrian Mountain Ragepaying special attention to Lleon during the Modern Age. To get to this aim, a corpus of original docurnents has been used as rnain source. This corpus shows a range of rnaterial goods (wills, dowry letters, inventories, partitions...) containing relevant lexical information. Taking this corpus as starting point 1 will be dealing with the grade of castellanization in sorne Leonese regions which have a dfferent resultas regards the historical change in the castellanization process not only taking into account the lexicalfleld but also the phonological and the rnorphologicalfields in an indirect way. asturianuL'oxetivu d'esti trabayu consiste nel analisis del procesu de castellanizacion al sur del cordal, y especialmente en Lleon, na Eda Moderna. Pa llogralo emplegase como fonte basica un corpus de documentos orixinales onde se consenen rellaciones de bienes materiales (testamentos, cartes d?arres, inventarios, parlies...) con informacion lexica relevante. Dende esti corpus analizase'l grau de castellanizacion qu'amuesen na estaya lexica -y de forma indirecta na fonoloxica y na morfoloxica- dalgunes comarques lleoneses con un comportamientu estremau en cuantes al resuhau del procesu historicu de castellanizacion.


We obtain the integrable relation for the one-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equations which describes the dynamics of a Bose–Einstein Condensates with time-dependent scattering length in a harmonic potential. The exact one- and two-soliton solutions are constructed analytically by using the Hirota method. Then we further discuss the dynamics of the one soliton and the interactions between two solitons in currently experimental conditions.


Oxides CaO, MgO and a physical mixture of 10% CaO + 90% MgO were used as catalysts for the steam gasification of naphthalene. A synergistic effect in the conversion was observed with the mixture. Catalysts were characterized by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and XPS techniques. Basicity was significant for CaO as compared to MgO and the mixture, but did not correlate with catalytic activity. Bidentate carbonate‐type formation, which remained even in the presence of steam at high temperature (1033 K), was observed on CaO. Carbonates on MgO and on the mixture are unidentate and disappeared when steam was present. Formates, carboxylic and aldehydic groups also were formed, at 723 K on MgO and at 423 K on the mixture and on CaO. These species disappeared at 873 and 1033 K for the mixture and CaO, respectively, thus indicating their greater stability on CaO than on the mixture and on the MgO. Deposition of carbonaceous matter on solids was observed. The order of the deposited content is mixture < MgO < CaO. No indication of mutual contamination by the metal composing the oxides was observed. A higher carbonate removal and less carbonaceous matter deposition were observed in CaO when in the mixture, as compared with CaO alone, suggesting a beneficial effect of MgO in the mixture. The synergistic effect observed using the 10% CaO + 90% MgO mixture was related to the inhibition of carbonaceous matter and carbonate formation on the catalysts. This inhibition is due to a catalytic cooperation between both oxides, as two separate phases. The presence of MgO is assumed to avoid the formation of stable bidentate carbonates on CaO, promoting instead unidentate species formation; this facilitates the gasification of naphthalene by steam. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


researcher or ethics committee. An exception to this disappointing engagement with ethical considerations is the chapter by the late Frances Sheldon and Anita Sargeant on ethical and practical issues in qualitative research, which would stand by itself in any volume on research, palliative care or otherwise. This book further disappoints by its seemingly singular emphasis on modern Western research agendas in palliative care—leading UK, USA and Canadian palliative care and end-of-life care academics have prioritized 10 areas for research. On this list cultural considerations rank seventh, and only then in the context of quality of life measures. There appears to be no mention of the impact of culture on research questions, design, or findings, with the exception of a brief mention–again in the context of quality of life measures–in a short section on ''What about developing countries contexts?'' This suggests a poor understanding of culture as something ''other.'' In conclusion, while there are serious shortcomings with this volume, it is a good starting point for practical guidance on conducting research in palliative care.


Background: There is no agreement on the route of administration and the drug of choice for providing adequate sedation for pediatric invasive procedures. Objectives: We compared the utility, safety, and sedation effects of intranasal midazolam and oral ketamine. Materials & Methods: This double-blind clinical trial was performed on 100 children aged 2 to 14 years who were candidates for upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups: ketamine (4 mg/kg orally) and midazolam (0.1 mg/ kg intranasal). Sedation score, fear levels, children's behavior at the time of separation from parents, and vital signs were recorded. Results: Higher systolic blood pressure was seen in children who received ketamine (P=0.012) and lower arterial oxygen saturation in the midazolam group (P=0.023). Also, the level of sedation showed no significant difference between the groups. Conclusion: Based on the results, administering oral ketamine or intranasal midazolam before endoscopy induced a similar sedation score in children. Also, both methods could be safe and non-invasive modalities for sedation.


According to the analysis of the practical examples, this article trys to explain the constructual process of filling piles must be controled so that the result can satify the design and the demand of present standard .


Purpose The overarching aim of this article is to explore the relating concepts of participation and communication in dementia care research and to propose future avenues of research within the fie...


A 49-year-old man with a history of ischemic cardiomyopathy was referred for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death. Because of advanced heart failure, he underwent biventricular implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation. Four months later, he presented at the hospital with unstable angina. A drug-eluting stent was deployed in a new lesion in the mid portion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD).

Three months after stent placement, the patient returned with recurrent chest pain. These episodes of pain, which were similar to his previous angina, also occurred during his routine outpatient ICD checks. By itself, right ventricular pacing-threshold verification provoked the chest discomfort. Coronary angiography of the left heart showed a 95% in-stent restenosis in the mid LAD and a possibly fractured stent (Figs. 1A and 1B). It became apparent that right ventricular pacing increased the angulation of the LAD during systole at the site of the lesion (Fig. 1C). Intravascular ultrasonographic (IVUS) images showed severe in-stent restenosis with a minimal cross-sectional luminal area of 3.2 mm2 and the absence of stent struts from the 4-o'clock through 9-o'clock positions—indicating an incomplete transverse stent fracture and substantial neointimal hyperplasia (Fig. 2). After deployment of a new stent, IVUS images revealed a luminal cross-sectional area of 9.2 mm2 and complete circumferential stent-strut apposition (Figs. 1D and and33).

Fig. 1 Coronary angiography (anteroposterior cranial projection) shows a 95% stenosis in the mid left anterior descending coronary artery (arrow) during A) diastole, B) systole with biventricular pacing, and C) right ventricular pacing, during ...

Fig. 2 Intravascular ultrasound images show the cross-sectional luminal area of the lesion and the absence of stent struts from the 4-o'clock through 9-o'clock positions.

Fig. 3 Intravascular ultrasonography shows complete circumferential stent-strut apposition after deployment of the new stent.


To calculate the three-dimensional elastic body of heterogeneous structure under static loading, a method of multigrid finite element is provided, when implemented on the basis of algorithms of finite element method (FEM), using homogeneous and composite threedimensional multigrid finite elements (MFE). Peculiarities and differences of MFE from the currently available finite elements (FE) are to develop composite MFE (without increasing their dimensions), arbitrarily small basic partition of composite solids consisting of single-grid homogeneous FE of the first order can be used, i.e. in fact, to use micro approach in finite element form. These small partitions allow one to take into account in MFE, i.e. in the basic discrete models of composite solids, complex heterogeneous and microscopically inhomogeneous structure, shape, the complex nature of the loading and fixation and describe arbitrarily closely the stress and stain state by the equations of three-dimensional elastic theory without any additional simplifying hypotheses. When building the m grid FE, m of nested grids is used. The fine grid is generated by a basic partition of MFE, the other m —1 large grids are applied to reduce MFE dimensionality, when m is increased, MFE dimensionality becomes smaller. The procedures of developing MFE of rectangular parallelepiped, irregular shape, plate and beam types are given. MFE generate the small dimensional discrete models and numerical solutions with a high accuracy. An example of calculating the laminated plate, using three-dimensional 3-grid FE and the reference discrete model is given, with that having 2.2 milliards of FEM nodal unknowns.


To strength en the quality-based educa tion,and train the new medical workers developing in a full scale and a qualified way,we have carried Practical Writing in Medicine and Practi cal Writing in Medicine and Chi nese Literature Appre ciation in different specialties of our college.At the same time ,we made a reform in teaching methods,adopted the modern educational technology in our teaching.So after three times of practice among885students in17class es,we can ob tain that the re search has a very positive effect and a very good prospect of populariza tion on the stregthen ing of the students' com petence ed ucation to train more medical talents for the21st century.


The present invention relates to an injection kit for mixing a drug and a medical fluid and injecting the same and, more specifically, to an integrated injection kit for integrating a medical fluid container and a drug container. Particularly, the present invention relates to an integrated injection kit in which a drug and a medical fluid are mixed only by the rotation of a container support in which a drug container is embedded. The integrated injection kit of the present invention comprises: a solution cap fixed to the opening of a solution container in which a solution is contained; a container support rotatably coupled to the solution cap so as to approach the solution container during rotation, and having a drug container, in which a drug is contained, embedded therein; and a communication member located between the solution cap and the container support, and allowing an upper needle and a lower needle to respectively penetrate the drug container and the solution cap by means of the pressure transferred from the container support when the container support is rotated in the direction approaching the solution container, such that the two containers communicate with each other.


herpesviruses isolated from six sheep and four goats by restriction endonuclease analysis and radioimmunoprecipitation. Am J Vet Res 49:781-785. 16. Whetstone C, Miller J, Bortner D, et al.: 1989, Changes in the restriction endonuclease patterns of four modified-live infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) vaccines after one passage in host animal. Vaccine 7:527-532. 17. Whetstone CA, Miller JM, Bortner DM, et al.: 1989, Changes in the bovine herpesvirus 1 genome during acute infection, after reactivation from latency, and after superinfection in the host animal. Arch Virol 106:261-279. 18. Whetstone CA, Wheeler JG, Reed DE: 1986, Investigation of possible vaccine-induced epizootics of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, using restriction endonuclease analysis of viral DNA. Am J Vet Res 47:1789-1795. 19. Wyler R, Engles M, Schwyzer M: 1989, Infectious bovine rhinotracheitislvulvovaginitis (BHV-1). In: Herpesvirus diseases of cattle, horses, and pigs, ed. Wittmann G, pp. 1-72. Kluwer Academic Publ., Norwell, MA.


According to Albert Einstein's theory of relativity, all bodies in a vacuum regardless of their properties are accelerated by the Earth's gravity at the same rate. This principle of equivalence applies to stones, feathers and atoms alike. Under the conditions of microgravity very long and precise measurements can be carried out to determine whether different atoms of different mass actually "fall equally fast". [5]


M any dermatoses can affect the subcutaneous tissue. The clinical presentation is polymorphous as in cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa, exhibiting the spectra of inflamed nodules, deep ulcers, digital infarcts, livedo reticularis, and stellate scars. Consequently, a reliable, clinically guided, histologic examination is crucial in achieving an accurate diagnosis. Unfortunately, clinicopathologic incongruity is not uncommonly encountered–the fault occasionally lies in sampling of inadequate tissue. To circumvent this problem, incisional wedge biopsies have been considered as the gold standard for the evaluation of these disorders.1 The potential disadvantage of incisional biopsies, however, is the time consumption of using this technique on multiple locations. Sampling of tissue with intense, perilesional fibrosis and necrosis such as an ulcer makes hemostasis and closure of an elliptic defect nearly impossible. Another limitation of the incisional biopsy is that the sample is taken along a single axis. For example, a biopsy of an ulcer aligned in the 12 o'clock to 6 o'clock axis would, therefore, not be able to include histologically relevant tissue at the 3 o'clock edge. To address these issues, we describe a technique called the "double-trephine punch." Although the trephine punch tool used in hair transplants has been previously proposed for the diagnosis of panniculitis, the tool is not readily available in a dermatology clinic,2 and subcutaneous tissue would also be difficult to recover from such a small and deep defect (Fig 1). Our proposed technique can be regarded as a compound punch biopsy using common, disposable, cutaneous punch tools. Sampling may occur at various locations along the margins and within the center of the lesion. Such a procedure is quickly and easily performed and would not require a second office visit for more involved biopsies. The tools necessary to perform the double-trephine punch are simply that which are used in a standard punch-biopsy procedure. An additional 8-mm punch tool is necessary, and the optional availability of electrocautery and Gelfoam (Pharmacia & Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Mich). The site for sampling is chosen to ensure the highest yield. Observing standard, clean, surgical procedure techniques, the lesion is prepared and locally anesthetized. Countertraction is applied with the nondominant hand, and the 8-mm punch tool is inserted to the hilt of the instrument to obtain the initial sample (Fig 2, left). Once the superficial core is removed, subcutaneous tissue should be readily


The socialand environmentally conscious and sustainable consumption is a matter of great importance (Goleman, 2009; Tachizawa, 2006; Lima, 2013), and its understanding involves a combination of psychological, social, and cultural attributes (Francois-Lecompte & ValetteFlorence, 2006). The present work attempted to characterize responsible consumption in the context of Brazilian higher education students in terms of the specific associations between their individual traits and their relationship with consumption. For that purpose, 136 students from higher education institutions of the Metropolitan Region of Recife were evaluated by means of the application of a sociodemography and consumption form, an environmental attitudes form, a socio-environmental information form, an IQ test (Campello de Souza, Silva e Roazzi, 2010), a Hyperculture scale (Souza et al, 2012), a Big Five personality test (Golsing, Rentfrow & Swann JR., 2003), a moral values scale (Schwartz, 2005), and a responsible consumption test (Francois Lecompte e Valette-Florence, 2006). By means of statistical analysis, results were produced that pointed towards the fact that: (a) the group that was studied represents an important category of consumer with great purchasing power; (b) the students investigated presented a reasonably high level of concern, knowledge, and actions with regards to social and environmental responsibility; (c) there seem to be three major categories of consumption, them being Moral Consumption (favoring or boycotting certain producers and reducing one's environmental impact, guided by an orientation towards ethics, altruism, and the well-being of others, supported by discipline and self-control), Enlightened Consumption (willingness to pay more for products and services that present a greater degree of social or environmental responsibility, supported by a greater knowledge and awareness of commerce and of social and environmental issues), and Consumism (purchasing by impulse, in search of personal pleasure or advantages, with significant social interactions, but with the prioritization of oneself, without greater consideration for others), each with its own specific behavioral and psychological characteristics; (d) Hyperculture, that is to say, the ways of thinking and acting of the Digital Age, seems to stimulate all three modalities of consumption, but each as a function of a distinct mechanism or process; and (e) sex and family income were not associated to any of the modalities of consumption found, but age and individual income correlated positively to Moral Consumption. Based on these findings, it was concluded that: (i) the segment of university students and the topic of responsible consumption are of great importance to the market, (ii) the new typology of consumption that was found can contribute to conciliate many of the divergences between the authors in the field, and (iii) a new understanding of consumptions arises that has the potential for major applications in the public and private sectors. In the end, future studies in the field are suggested.


Maize straw,which contains several kinds of nutrient element,is an important organic fertilizer source.Maize straw mulching in dry area,not only can reduce the volume weight and water evaporation of soil,but also can increase the soil porosity,soil organic matter and the content of nutrient elements including nitrogen,phosphorous and potassium.Meanwhile,it may promote the maize growth and increase the maize crop.


Abstract : A mathematical heat transfer model, applicable to determining the sensitivity to input current of a hot wire initiator, is developed. Simplifying assumptions are introduced which make the model amenable to solution using a medium size analog computer. The model is applied to the MARK 45 MOD O impulse cartridge. Solutions are compared to empirical sensitivity data for this cartridge conditioned at -80F, 68F and 225F.


In order to investigate hanger's characters of auto-adaptation vibration isolation,it was used the promoted Stribeck friction model in which the effects of both pressure and relative velocity to the glide friction force influence were concerned.According to the improvement of the friction model frame structure design,Runge-Kutta numerical method was used to calculate the hanger free response,forced response and the shock response.Results indicate that the excitation of the hanger in cosine,both for high amplitude(30 mm) low frequency ω =0.1 ωn→ωn and low amplitude(5 mm) ω=1.4 ωn→6 ωn hase good isolation.Also,it indicates that the system has a certain amount of resistance to shock.


The motor controller of the integrated drive system for electric vehicles has the risk of sweep frequency vibration fatigue (SFVF) failure in the frequency range of 100 ∼ 440 Hz. In this paper, a finite element simulation method of SFVF for an integrated motor controller is introduced. The failure position of the motor controller component is predicted using this simulation method, which is consistent with the fracture position of the sweep frequency vibration fatigue test (SFVFT). This indicates that the simulation method is accurate. And the structural optimization suggestions are also put forward using this method. The optimized motor controller meets the requirements of SFVFT. This indicates that it is feasible to use this method during the design process of the motor controller for integrated drive system.


The essay is about technical research in pickling vegetables with pickle which experienced filtration and vacuum concentration, and can make sure that we can change the acceptable preserved vegetable curing liquid of above 5% salinity through vacuum concentration (vacuum degree 0.08Mpa, boiling point 55℃) to concentrated liquid of 22% salinity. During the three processes of pickling vegetables, we add concentrated liquid of 30%, 20% and 20% of preserved vegetable content respectively. That is called preserved vegetable curing technology. With applying the technology, we greatly decrease waste discharge in the preserved vegetable curing process and come to the achievement of recycling of resources.


Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy, Aachen, Germany), Liesbet Lagae (IMEC, Leuven, Belgium), Patrick Wagner (Institute for Materials Research IMO, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium), Edgar Dahl and Stefan Garzcyk (Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany), Gerard Bos and Evelien Bouwmans (Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Haematology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands), Uwe Schnakenberg and Andreas Buchenauer (Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany), Aline Lausberg (University of Liège, GIGA, Liège, Belgium), Joseph Bernier (University of Liège, Centre Spatial de Liège, Belgium) Development of a microfluidic lab-on-a-chip platform for breast cancer early diagnosis


Vancouver artists' concerns with discourses of theatricality and female gendered spaces are argued as important links between the defeatured landscapes of the 1968-1971 period and the development of large narrative photographs after 1975. The importance of Marcel Duchamp's readymades to this historical thread are covered in detail, including the documented impact of his work Étant donnés: 1. La chute d/eau, 2. Le gaz d'éclairage(1946-66) on Jeff Wall's transition towards the tableau format. Using Étant donnés as a fruitful formal and conceptual segue, the feminist content in several of Jeff Wall and Ian Wallace's works from the mid-to-late 1970s are analysed. This demonstrates how both artists actively integrated feminist theory and ideas into their visual work, even as they directed critical attention away from it by instead stressing their works relationship the history of European avant-garde critique within modernism.


Mercury is a heavy metal that has been reported to cause devastating health problems worldwide. This work studies the effects of mercury chloride exposure on the histomorphological changes on the hippocampus, spatial learning and memory on adult wistar rats. Twenty four male and female wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of six animals each. Group I serves as the control group which receives normal saline. While groups II, III and IV were treated orally with 12.45 mg/kg, 28.9 mg/kg and 49.8 mg/kg body weight of mercury chloride respectively for twenty one (21) days. Animals were anasthesized and sacrificed using chloroform. The brain was fixed in Bouin's fluid and tissues were processed histologically using H and E stain. The result shows that there was distortion of the pyramidal cells and congestion, necrosis and sparse distribution of the hippocampal cells were observed. The latency time was decreased in the control group while among the treated groups show that there was an increase in latency time that was statistically significant. It was concluded from this study that mercury chloride exposure has degenerative effects on the hippocampus and also causes memory and learning impairments.


A uthor Helena María Viramontes's 1995 novel Under the Feet of Jesus is an essential exposition of the inequities that permeate the production of food in the major farming region of the most agriculturally significant state in the nation: California's Central Valley. Viramontes's novel is fictional yet provides powerful and poetic narrative about the realities of social injustices surrounding agricultural labor in the Western United States. The novel treats the agricultural landscape as a place of resistance against the classist and racist structures that surround food labor in the Central Valley. Viramontes's story has the potential to be a valuable resource to food studies scholars: more specifically, it is pertinent to those interested in topics at the intersection of social, racial, and environmental justice issues, especially as they concern farm workers. Under the Feet of Jesus is a direct response to the plight of Latinx farm laborers in the Delano area of the San Joaquin Valley and the labor movement that led to the formation of the United Farm Workers (UFW). Given its significance, the novel has been underdiscussed within the broader discipline of academic food studies. Struggles around organizing farm labor "gained national, and even international, dimensions when it erupted into public view from Delano in 1966…with the [strike of] farmworkers fighting for the right to bargain collectively."[1] Ultimately, the strike lasted three years and was strengthened by a consumer boycott of non-union grown grapes. It successfully altered the established balance of power in this region. Above all, the Delano grape strike significantly limited the established hegemony of growers in the Central Valley. Viramontes's novel speaks candidly to this boycott and the labor conditions that led to it. The story is fictional but set in the location on a timeline directly leading up to the formation of the UFW. The novel follows the coming-of-age of one young woman, Estrella, amid the personal drama of family and romantic relationships, but it also tells a more public drama of her circumstances as a farm laborer working grape fields in mid-twentieth


Abstract The paper is focused on intensifying of turning of flange with a finishing operation. It provides a range of cutting plates suitable for turning, their experimental verification and evaluation. In the experimental measurements were made durability test selected cutting plates, compared to the parameters, wear, chips, measure and record made of machined surface roughness of the material.


ABSTRACT Community subsurface wastewater soil absorption systems in lakeshore developments are to absorb and treat domestic wastewater, protecting public health and the environment. These systems are becoming more common as individual household systems fail, and alternate wastewater disposal methods are needed. Large systems cannot be installed using the same criteria as the individual system unless designed to be narrow, based on hydraulic and pollutant loading. Examples are presented illustrating concepts for siting and designing narrow large wastewater soil absorption systems.


The Shuttle Walking Test (SWT), with its externally paced characteristics, is commonly used as an objective measure of functional capacity. The reliability and validity of the SWT has been previously shown but only in patient populations. No studies have been carried out to investigate the validity of the SWT in healthy adult women. Therefore, the primary aim of this test was to determine if the SWT is a valid field measure of cardiorespiratory fitness in hea!thy adult women. A secondary aim was to identify if variables, such as age, body composition and habitual physical activity influence perfonnance on the SWT. Th~ distance ambulated on the SWT \Va'l compared with a standard laboratory test of cardiorespiratory capacity, peak oxygen consumption ( V02peU) determined on an Individualised Balke Treadmill Test (IBT). Thirty-four healthy adult women with an age range of 32 ~ 65 yrs completed both exercise tests. Mean (± SD) SWT distance 624.5 (148.9) m and vo,~·· 29.4 (7.8) ml.kg'.min were higher than that shown in previous studies of patient populations. Pearson product moment correlation analysis indicated a moderate but significant relationship (r = 0.58, p = 0.0005) between SWT distance and Vo,peak. Variability in performance on the SWT can be explained partly by age and estimated body fat. This study is the first to investigate the validity of the SWT in healthy adult women. The correlation with V02peak from IBT was lower than that in previous studies with patient populations. The findings suggest that performance on the SWT in healthy


FIGURE 1: (A) A posteroanterior chest radiograph demonstrating ill-defined lung opacities, notably in the left lung. Chest CT images (lung window) in the coronal (B) and axial (C) planes show predominantly peripheral ground glass-opacities involving all pulmonary lobes, which are more exuberant in the left lung, where small foci of consolidation are also visible. Chest radiography and computed tomography findings from a Brazilian patient with COVID-19 pneumonia


Optical fibre is rapidly becoming the preferred transmission medium for both telecommunication and datacommunication networks. However, the deployment of optical systems in high-density local-area networks can enhanced by the use of low-cost architectures and components. Bidirectional networks, in which send and receive signals are carried simultaneously on a single fibre, offer the possibility of reduced fibre costs. However, to fully exploit this technique it will be necessary to employ transceiver modules consisting of an optical transmitter and receiver colocated in the same package. The paper describes a low-cost optical transceiver module that is capable of supporting full duplex transmission on singlemode optical fibre.


Social studies in citizen science typically focus on existing project participants. We present results from an online survey of 1145 marine users to identify broader public interest in marine citizen science. Although we found considerable community interest, the most enthusiastic tended to have a higher education in science, were under 45 years old, primarily enjoyed SCUBA diving, and had contributed to scientific research in the past. The type of research organization involved in a project played a role in people's willingness to share information. The discourse of public participation in scientific research encourages public involvement in all aspects of the scientific process; however, we found that the respondents were primarily interested in data-collection opportunities. Feedback and past experiences in research were important considerations for gaining and retaining the volunteers. Our results indicate considerable potential for growth in volunteer recruitment, which can contribute constructively to scientific and public knowledge of the marine environment.


Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of paliperidone in the treatment of patients with naive senile schizophrenia.Method:78 naive senile schizophrenic patients were randomly assigned to paliperidone or olanzapine treatment for 8 weeks.All patients were evaluated with brief psychiatric rating scale(BPRS) and treatment emergent symptom scale(TESS) before treatment and at the second,fourth、sixth and eighth week.Results:The response rate of paliperidone 65.8% was similar to the rate of olanzapine 67.5%,paliperidone had response earlier and lighter than olanzapine.Conclusion:Paliperidone is effective in treatment of schizophrenia and light side effect.


The invention discloses a concrete with strength grade of C100 for composite structure of section steel reinforced concrete, wherein the mix proportion of the concrete is 450 : 510 :1190 :144 : 12 : 60 : 90 of cement : coarse aggregate : fine aggregate : water : high efficiency water reducing agent : silica fume : fly ash, and the unit is Kg/m3. The concrete has the advantages of good mechanical property (comprises strength property, plasticity property and bonding capacity among the section steels), sound working property, good durability and relatively low cost and is adapted for composite structure of section steel reinforced concrete, further using the concrete can reduce construction procedure, save steels, increase construction efficiency and obtain significant economic benefit.


Over the past few years the emerald ash borer (EAB) insect has invaded plant species such as olive plants (Olea Europea L.), the privet tree (Ligustrum obtusifolium), and the white fringetree (Chionanthus virginicus) and caused significant damage. It is believed that the EAB is put off by the phenolic compound of oleuropein found in these various plants. This compound can be isolated by running a Soxhlet extraction of the plant species mentioned above and analyzed through reversed HPLC at 280 nm. distinct peak areas are then obtained and can be used to determine the concentration of Oleuropein. The overall results supported the idea that there are differences in oleuropein concentration when looking at uninfested and infested white fringe trees.


This paper looks at the 1992-3 compensation controversy at the University of California in light of the factors that shaped the board's policy response to the controversy, the Principles for Review of Executive Compensation. It discusses the events of 1992-3 in the context of the public and political debate over the appropriate model for executive compensation in elite public universities and the special difficulties these universities face in setting, explaining, and defending executive compensation policies and practices. It concludes by assessing the ways in which the University did and did not succeed in addressing the issues raised by the controversy—including the clash between public-service and market perspectives.


In this paper, we designed, fabricated, and evaluated a novel magnetically controlled microstructure fabricated using 3D printing with a two-photon lithography system. The printed structure was a helical tube with a length and outer diameter of 180 µm and 90 µm, respectively. The surfaces of the microstructure were then coated with polypodamine (PDA) followed by magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) deposition. The addition of MNPs allowed magnetic control of the microstructure by an electromagnetic actuation (EMA) system. Upon reaching the target cells by magnetic control, the microstructure could be irradiated with an external 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) laser light. Since both PDA and MNPs are responsive to the NIR laser light, the microstructures were heated up to photothermally kill cancer cells, accordingly. The tubular shape of the microstructure also allowed maximal surface area, which better facilitated the photothermal effect. Consequently, the fabricated system suggests a promising platform for the noninvasive treatment of cancer cells.


This pilot study examined the impact of a 10 session, group-based, early-intervention cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) programme (Cool Connections) on anxiety, depression and self-concept in nine 8–11 year old pupils in Northern Ireland. The intervention was facilitated by a teacher, education welfare officer and two classroom assistants, with support from the school's educational psychologist. A group of pupils identified by teachers as presenting with symptoms of anxiety and depression or low self-esteem and who scored in the mild, moderate or severe range of difficulties on the Beck Youth Inventories took part. Findings indicate statistically significant improvements in both anxiety (t(8) = −3.29, p < 0.017) and depression (t(8) = −3.06, p < 0.017) but not self-concept (t(8) = 2.63, p = 0.030). The article concludes with strengths and limitations of the current study, professional reflections on implementing a multi-agency, group-based, CBT intervention and implications for future research and educational psychology practice.


The purposes of this dissertation are to demonstrate that DSC theromoanaytical methods of vulcanization can provide useful informations on the vulcanization characteristics of industrial formulations and also provides the potential basis for a rapid and complete method of sulfur and vulcanizing accelerator analysis for quality control. The influences of those factors such as heating rate, scan temperature, vucanizing accelerator's type and concentration upon vulcanization exotherm in NR and NBR compounds in the presence of vulcanizing accelerators such as TMTD,MBTS,DPG,TMTM,CBS, and MBT were evaluated by means of DSC. In order to examine the credibility in the DSC method, the same samples which were used for DSC method were studied to compare the DSC results with the ODR (Oscillating Disk Rheometer) data. The results obtained were as follows 1. In the DSC dynamic experiments, the observed enthalpy results from vulcanization depends upon the heating rate; In the range of 2 to of heating rate, as the heating rate was increased the enthalpy change was also increased. However, over the heating rate of it was observed that the enthalpy change was decreased as the heating rate was further increased. Without regard to the change of enthalpy, tremendous instantaneous heat evolving was observed in the range of high heating rates. 2. For the samples which are added with various vulcanizing accelerators, the activation energies of vulcanization were as follows; 3. Regarding to the influences of vulcanizining accelerator's types upon the characteristics of vulcanization exotherm, NR and NBR compounds in the presence of thiuramsulphide compounds type accelerators such as TMTD, TMTM, were exhibited sharper and higher vulclanization exotherm than others. From the resuts of DSC thermograms which was distributed in even shape in the broad temperature range, it was clearly shown that the guanidine compounds type accelerator such as DPG acts as a delayed acting accelerator. 4. In the comparison of DSC and ODR results, the dependency of temperature in the cure rate and the observed conversions show good agreements between two results. 5. In the same curatives, by the comparison of glass transition temperatures, it was possible to predict relative values of maximum torques. Consequently, from the present studies, it is shown that the DSC thermoanalytical method can provide an alternate new method for rapid and complete quality control analysis of rubber industry.


Evaluation of gene expression in urinary sediment has been considered as a promising non-invasive approach for biomarker identification of kidney diseases. Nonetheless, there are several challenges in extraction of RNA from this valuable source of biomarkers, mostly because of the factors that have influence on quality of isolated RNA such as low cellular content. Accordingly, we compared the quality of RNA from urine sediment samples that was isolated by four different methods. TRIzol reagent with basic protocol (method 1), modified procedure of TRIzol (method 2), a column-based protocol (method 3) and combination of method 1 and 3 (method 4) were applied for isolation of RNA from identical aliquots of five healthy urine samples. The quality and yield of isolated RNA were evaluated based on concentration and purity. Expression levels of GAPDH and miR-21 were studied by quantitative RT-PCR. Methods 1 and 2 showed the highest RNA yield while no difference in purity of RNA in different methods was noticed. Quantitative RT-PCR findings indicated that Ct values in samples of method 1 had the lowest level. Although higher concentrations of RNA were isolated by method 2, the declined Ct values in this method might indicate degradation of isolated RNA. Column based protocols (method 3 and 4) were failed to show significant recovery of RNA. It seems that isolation procedure using TRIzol, as a phenol based method, is the most efficient, robust and reliable procedure for RNA isolation from urinary sediment cells.


A two-dimensional, Boussinesq approximated model is used to investigate the grouping of moist convection and its connection with internal gravity waves. The effect of moisture has been taken into account as a flow-dependent heating. The model sensitivity to parameters has been studied systematically. Numerical simulations are started from a state of rest with a conditionally unstable stratification. Distinct individual convective cells appear soon after small random perturbations are introduced. These cells later become organized into groups, as the equilibrium state of the model is approached asymptotically in the form of an oscillation. The oscillation of the condensational heating generates gravity waves, which are embedded in the subsidence of the convective cells and thus propagate in a stably stratified environment. The gravity waves modulate the generation of new convective cells which in turn introduce new heat sources, giving rise to additional gravity waves, and so on. If the lapse rate of the reference temperature profile is unstable, the oscillation of the condensational heating will persist for a long time and more updrafts will appear. If the dissipation is weak, the waves can propagate a long distance without being significantly damped. In these situations, strong nonlinear interactions between waves and moist updrafts are possible which leads to the grouping of convective clouds. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0870.1990.t01-1-00005.x


Dr. Urschel comments as follows:
 We were not aware of Mr. Carré's contributions, and we wish to apologize for not including his work in the background material.
 Our thinking has been influenced by Mr. Ronald Belsey, who in 1952 first made reference to gastroesophageal reflux with or without hiatal hernia producing pulmonary symptoms in adults, children, and infants.
 We agree with Mr. Carré on most points although his experience with infants and smaller children is far greater than ours, which has been with older children and approximately 2,000 adults.


THE CONCLUSION OF A PRELIMINARY CONTRACT IN CONVEYANCING Summary This is the first of three articles presenting a detailed discussion of the structure and functions of the preliminary contract ( umowa przedwstepna ), its significance, and the practical potential for its use in conveyancing. This article shows the essence of the preliminary contract as a particular type of pre-contractual agreement and its relation to the final contract ( umowa stanowcza ). The study discusses issues related to the content of the preliminary contract, methods of concluding such a contract by the parties, as well as the term for the conclusion of the final contract.


A new group contribution lattice-fluid equation of state (GCLF-EOS) is described that can accurately predict the activities of solvents in polymer solutions. This equation of state is a modification of the equation of state derived by Panayioutou and Vera (1982), which is based on the lattice statistics developments of Guggenheim (1952). The group contribution modification permits the prediction of solvent activity, given only the structure of the polymer and solvent involved. The GCLF-EOS can accurately predict solvent activities in polystyrene, polyethylene, poly(ethylene oxide), poly(ethylene glycol), poly(propylene oxide), and poly(vinyl chloride). The model does not perform as well for solvent activities in polyisobutylene due to the inaccurate group contribution values for the quaternary carbon group.


Grigor's account returns again and again to the relationship that has existed between Iranian politics and visual culture since well before the Revolution, and her dedicated concern with the play between power and aesthetics in Iran is explored further in her 2015 publication, Persian Kingship and Architecture, authored with Sussan Babaie. Characterized by a bold, analytical, yet highly sensitive style, Contemporary Iranian Art sidesteps what Babaie terms the "vacuous marketing ploys" normally associated with the (often nationalistic) promotion of contemporary Iranian art, and presents us with a narrative that is committed to a representational truth. The result is a meticulously researched, highly approachable text that presents the artistic and political histories of modern Iran as inextricable – perhaps even symbiotic.


The utility model relates to a template support system forming pre-pouring structures with self-support poles at both sides of a post-pouring strip. The template support system comprises template support components installed at both sides of the post-pouring strip for pouring to form the pre-pouring structures, wherein a communicated up and down opening and a pouring pipe fixedly connected below the opening for pouring to form the self-support poles are arranged at positions adjacent by the template support components and the post-pouring strip, and a pole-shaped pouring hollow cavity which is vertically communicated from the opening to a foundation structure positioned below the pre-pouring structures from top to bottom is arranged in the pouring pipe. With the adoption of the template support system, the self-support poles can be formed at the bottom of the poured pre-pouring structures after pouring the pre-pouring structures at both sides of the post-pouring strip and before pouring the post-pouring strip to avoid the poured pre-pouring structures to be in cantilever state, therefore, the template support system can be dismantled for reusing in advance, the turnaround use ratio is improved, the construction cost is saved, and the problem that rubbish is deposited and is difficult to clear due to that the template support system is not dismantled for long time is avoided at the same time.


Aristotelia chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz, commonly called "maqui" is a native tree of
Chile considered sacred for the Mapuche people. The fruits are sweet blackberries with a
high concentration of polyphenols which stain the hands and mouth when eaten. The
Mapuche people use it for creating "chicha" an alcoholic beverage, while leaves are used to
treat infected wounds, inflammation and ulcers. In this review, we will give an overview of
the pharmacology reported for the plant and molecules isolated from leaves and fruits, with
the scope of giving a better understanding of the potential of this tree.


Topics: techniques for building ontologies, the relationship between ontolo-gies and linguistics, the role of terminology. Abstract While the Princeton WordNet is an excellent general purpose concept ontology it can not be expected to provide exhaustive coverage of terminology in speciic technical domains. This article describes how a set of 5200 word processing and computer terms was organised into a taxonomy which was then linked to WordNet. The resulting composite ontology was then used to generate semantic lexical representations for both domain speciic and domain independent vocabulary, enabling a concept-based full text retrieval system to be built. The work shows that domain dependent and domain independent ontologies can be combined under certain circumstances. However, many issues remain unresolved. These include quality control, the ideal granularity of an ontology for a particular task and the potential for automating the various stages of the construction process.


This study investigates pre-service teachers' beliefs about learning physics and explores how beliefs correlate with learning achievement as evidenced by conceptual understanding and grades in a year-long physics course. To investigate beliefs about learning physics, 14 second-year pre-service teachers in a teacher training program in South Korea completed a Likert-style questionnaire called the Beliefs About Learning Physics Survey (BAPS). To measure learning achievement, final grades for the physic course were obtained and the Force Concept Inventory (FCI) was used to assess conceptual understanding. Analysis revealed that pre-service physics teachers' beliefs about learning physics had a positive correlation with conceptual understanding but not with motivational beliefs. Students' grades in physics had a positive correlation with cognitive beliefs, regardless of changes in pre- and post-test responses. Implications about how to utilize pre-service physics teachers' beliefs about learning physics as an epistemological resource for teaching and learning physics are discussed.