Preclinical Alzheimer's cognitive composites (PACC) are designed to detect subtle cognitive changes in clinical trials. PACCs often include measures of memory, attention, and semantic fluency, with variations based on available measures. We created a Mayo Clinic PACC (Mayo‐PACC) to address limitations of existing PACCs by prioritizing parsimony, non‐proprietary measures, clinical applicability, and psychometric properties. We developed a Mayo‐PACC and examined sensitivity to detecting longitudinal cognitive change in amyloid positive (A+) older adults relative to the Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite‐Revised (PACC‐R). Exploratory analyses included comparison to other composites.


Context. The recently discovered extended very high energy gamma-ray (E > 0.1 TeV = 10 11 eV) emission from at least three pulsar wind nebula systems (MSH 15-52, G18.0-07, and Vela X) could be hinting at a possibly new class of objects which is called in the following "TeV plerions". In some of these systems, particle acceleration could be driven by ions in the relativistic pulsar wind. These ions are expected to produce gamma-ray emission via inelastic scattering with the ambient medium. Aims. The gamma-ray emission from the Vela TeV plerion associated with the pulsar PSR B0833-45 is investigated Methods. We calculate the gamma-ray emission in the framework of nucleonic gamma-ray production including the synchrotron and inverse Compton emission from primary and secondary electrons and compare the model with observational data. Results. The spectra calculated in this model give a very good description of the gamma-ray data. The required energy in nuclei is W p = 1.3 x 10 49 (n/0.6 cm -3 ) -1 erg for protons and W Fe ≈ 10 48 erg for iron nuclei released in the pulsar wind. The secondary electrons produce optical to soft X-ray emission at the level of ≈10 32 erg/s. We give a prediction for the ν μ and V e neutrino emission including a simple parameterization of the ν μ flux useful for calculating detection rates in next generation neutrino telescopes. Conclusions. The observed gamma-ray emission can be produced by a pulsar wind which carries a large fraction of the spin down luminosity in the form of relativistic nuclei. We predict the neutrino flux as a unique signature for this model. Based upon this prediction, the Vela TeV plerion would be one of the best known candidates for detection with next generation neutrino telescopes.


Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a leading cause of serious communityacquired infections, especially pneumonia, the sixth leading cause of death in the United States. It causes over 50,000 cases of bacteremia and at least 500,000 cases of pneumonia annually in the United States. Although pneumococcus is an important pathogen in meningitis, bronchitis, and otitis media, these disease processes will not be discussed in this report. The epidemiologic rationale for targeting pneumococcal vaccination among hospitalized patients derives from research showing that two-thirds of patients hospitalized with serious pneumococcal infections had been hospitalized at least once in the previous 3-5 years. One retrospective study showed that about 60% of persons 65 years of age and older hospitalized with pneumonia had been discharged from a hospital at least once in the prior 4 years. A prospective cohort study of patients aged ≥65 discharged from the hospital showed that the 5year probability for readmission with pneumonia was over 7%. Hospitalization, therefore, is a marker for patients at increased risk of developing subsequent pneumococcal infection. Despite the scope of the problem and the appeals for action from multiple specialty societies and national health care organizations, the vaccine is underutilized in the inpatient setting. This underutilization has been attributed to uncertain effectiveness of the vaccine and ineffective methods of vaccine delivery during hospitalization. Hospital-based vaccination for patients at high risk of contracting pneumococcal infections is part of the action plan for adult immunizations developed by the Federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA). It is also endorsed by the CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) 6 and the National Vaccine Advisory Committee. In addition, most national guidelines for the management of patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia recommend vaccination against pneumococcus at time of discharge.


Rhodiola fastigiata is a famous,rare medicinal plant found in China.In order to rational utilization of this plant,its biomass was analyzed in four different habitats of Sejila Mountain in Tibet(Xizang) using correlation analysis.Results showed that environmental conditions affected average moisture content with scape and leaf belowground(root) main and branch stems,but not the ratio of the average modular moisture content to the average moisture content.The ratio of the fresh weight of aboveground to belowground parts was 6.65;the dry weight ratio was 7.57;the average individual biomass was 5.721 3 g;and the resource capacity was 93.8 kg·hm-2.Biomass of main and branch stems,aboveground parts,and the individual plant showed similarities(P0.01) to stem rings,which correlation curves was "S" shaped;these were fit to a logistics equation;their environmental capacities were 12.749 7,13.226 9 and 15.534 5,and their corresponding instantaneous growth rates were 0.277 9,0.338 6 and 0.316 9,respectively.Stem and leaf biomass as well as belowground parts had a significant(P0.01) correlation with a polynomial,which were fit to a logistics equation.Also,basic diameter to biomass of various parts were fit to a powerfunction with correlation coefficients of r =0.802 1 for the main and branch stems,r = 0.803 2 for the aboveground parts,and r = 0.812 9 for the individual plant.[Ch,3 fig.3 tab.12 ref.]


As IoT technology has gained the attention all around the world, the development for various services of healthcare, smart city, agriculture, and defense based on IoT is in progress. However, it is likely that healthcare services based on IoT have a problem of being leaked of patients' biological information by a third party and that risks patients' lives. In this paper, an IoT health care service managing model based on location sensor is proposed, which secures the biological information of a patient and simplifies the procedure to process the treatment and administration steps by using the data resources sensed. Even when an emergency occurs, this proposed model can respond quickly using the location information of the patient, which enables the staff in the hospital to locate the patient in real time. In addition, there is an advantage to minimize the time and the process of care, because the location of the equipment for necessary treatment is possible to be instantaneously located with attached sensors.


In this paper the equation of the SIR epidemics model is discussed by the method of analytical mechanics,and the corresponding Lagrange Function and the Noether conserved quantity is gotten.The relation between the isolate rate and maximum of infective is analyzed based on Noether conserved quantity.


The 14 communities studied vary significantly in both the nature of their diversity and the context within which diversity was achieved and is maintained. In the initial stages of the project, 14 neighborhoods were chosen from a pool of 77 neighborhoods in more than 20 cities. To select the final 14 neighborhoods to research, care was given to choose those that varied in relation to the following characteristics: * Racial composition. * The level of segregation in the city. * The age of the city. * The regional location of the city. * The consistency with which informants identified the areas as diverse. * The presence or absence of community organizations committed to sustaining diversity.


When we cross river or a straight by differential leveling, it could not meet the requirements of the precise leveling because the observation distance becomes longer than 60m and the back and forward sight distance are not equal. In this case, tilting leveling or trigonometric leveling can be used as a substitute of differential leveling. Tilting Leveling can measure the height difference between two points on each riverside by observing the height of target on the invar staff with the tilting level. This study is the application and its results of tilting leveling on the Namhan River near Yeoju reservoir. The width of the river is 1km. The targets of each riverside were observed simultaneously by tilting levels on each riverside.


We show that by suitably choosing the analytical form of a solitary wave solution of discrete ϕ4 models, it is possible to calculate the potential parameters which allow the propagation of compact (kink and pulses) solutions. Our numerical simulations show that narrow kinks and pulses with finite extent can propagate freely. Moveover, our numerical simulations reveal that the two successive pulses at a relative distance of two lattice spacings propagate freely, i.e. without interaction, which presents considerable interest in the data transmission field. Finally an experimental electronic device holding the propagation of such entities is proposed.


Objective: This study aims to evaluate the relationship between smartphone addiction and demographical characteristics, eating attitudes, and body mass index of medical students.
Methods: The data was obtained through personal questionnaires, the scales regarding eating attitudes and smartphone addiction. The questionnaire and the scales were carried out online among current medical students of Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University.
Results: Participants were found to use internet mostly through their smartphones and they were also found to use their smartphones mostly for messaging and monitoring social media. The scores for the Smartphone Addiction Scale were found to be significantly higher in students who were using their smartphones for social media than those who were not. A weak, positive, and significant relationship was found between the scores of the Smartphone Addiction Scale and Eating Attitudes Test of the students (r=0.135,p=0.12). As a result of the correlation analysis, a very weak, positive and significant relationship was found between Body Mass Index and the age of owning the first smartphone (r=0.113,p=0.036).
Conclusion: We reported a relation between the intentions of using a smartphone and smartphone addiction and another relation between one's age of owning the first smartphone and these individuals' body mass indexes. A difference was observed between those who have abnormal eating attitudes and who have not regarding smartphone addiction scale scores.


Global land acquisitions, often dubbed 'land grabbing' are increasingly becoming drivers of land change. We use the tools of network science to describe the connectivity of the global acquisition system. We find that 126 countries participate in this form of global land trade. Importers are concentrated in the Global North, the emerging economies of Asia, and the Middle East, while exporters are confined to the Global South and Eastern Europe. A small handful of countries account for the majority of land acquisitions (particularly China, the UK, and the US), the cumulative distribution of which is best described by a power law. We also find that countries with many land trading partners play a disproportionately central role in providing connectivity across the network with the shortest trading path between any two countries traversing either China, the US, or the UK over a third of the time. The land acquisition network is characterized by very few trading cliques and therefore characterized by a low degree of preferential trading or regionalization. We also show that countries with many export partners trade land with countries with few import partners, and vice versa, meaning that less developed countries have a large array of export partnerships with developed countries, but very few import partnerships (dissassortative relationship). Finally, we find that the structure of the network is potentially prone to propagating crises (e.g., if importing countries become dependent on crops exported from their land trading partners). This network analysis approach can be used to quantitatively analyze and understand telecoupled systems as well as to anticipate and diagnose the potential effects of telecoupling.


We introduce AP spaces of systems of harmonic functions satisfying Cauchy-Riemann equations in Rn and find integral representations. Using these representations and estimates for the integral kernel we prove boundedness of the representation operator in LP and Lipschitz classes.


The aim. To analyze possibility of development and describe the clinical case of the red border verrucous leukoplakia caused by the use of IQOS heated tobacco product and HEETS sticks and propose personalized clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm of a patient management. Materials and methods. Based on own observation, this article describes a clinical case of verrucous leukoplakia of the red border arising in a patient who used IQOS heated tobacco product and HEETS sticks. Clinical, laboratory, instrumental examination and treatment were performed on the basis of the Department of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology with the course of Dermatovenereology and Aesthetic Medicine of the Postgraduate Education Faculty of Zaporizhzhia State Medical University. Results . The plaque-type verrucous leukoplakia of the red border was diagnosed based on clinical examination of the patient and diagnosis verification by means of laboratory examination and dermatoscopy. Considering the possible traumatic lesion, a high probability of the disease recurrence, patient's refusal of surgical treatment methods, the topical therapy for affected area with the use of combined drug containing glucocorticosteroid, antibacterial and antimycotic components was prescribed for 1 month followed by long-term therapy using 1 % pimecrolimus cream. Conclusions. Based on the literature analysis, it was found out that IQOS heated tobacco product and HEETS sticks can promote the development of such manifestations of oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction as inflammation, infection, fibrosis, oncologic pathology and become one of initiating agents for the occurrence of red border verrucous leukoplakia. The use of topical glucocorticosteroids combined with topical inhibitors of calcineurin can be proposed as an alternative to surgical methods of treatment for leukoplakia and it requires more detailed study.


In this paper, we propose a conflict detection and resolution scheme of multi aircrafts for an intersection region of two aircraft flows. The scheme is based on dynamic flight models, which allows the status of aircrafts is checked constantly. Therefore, we can detect conflicts in real-time and determine the conflict resolution scheme based on optimal control theory and speed change. In order to demonstrate the validity of our scheme, two examples are designed: one is two aircrafts and the other is three aircrafts. These two examples show that the scheme is safe.


A process for the preparation of (meth) acrylestern of the formula I in which R1 is hydrogen or a methyl group and A and B denote straight-chain or branched alkylene groups having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, by reacting a methacrylic acid ester of the formula II or Acrylsaureesters in which R wherein A and B have the meanings indicated, characterized in that the transesterification of II with III contains a acrylic or methacrylic esters of the formula I in the presence of a catalyst comprising calcium hydroxide, is performed.


In the process of DC distribution, an application scenario will be encountered. The high voltage side is monopolar and the low voltage side is true bipolar. A novel topology proposed in this paper can accommodate voltage transformation needs, which can connect unipolar to true bipolar DC power systems. Two loads are connected to the true bipolar output, but a working condition which the load is not equal will appear. When the load is unbalanced, the redundant design cost of the device is increased. The topology can achieve output voltage balanced when the load is unbalanced, and reduce the redundant design cost of the device. Finally, a simulation model is established in MATLAB/Simulink to verify the feasibility of the topology.


OF THE DISCLOSURE The present drop monitor is designed for use with a conventional drop chamber, the monitor comprising a radio frequency oscillator having a resonant circuit, with two electrodes spaced apart axially along the outside of the drop chamber and coupled to the resonant circuit. Downward passage of a drop frequency modulates the FM oscillator output, and a detector demodulates the frequency modulation to produce electrical pulses as a measure of the drop rate. The circuitry is responsive to an error in the drop pulse rate to cause an alarm opera tion, and also to operate a shut-off mechanism which stops flow through the usual flexible tube leading from the drop chamber to a hollow needle. The electrodes are preferably carried by a clamp assembly with jaws which are readily spread apart by handles, and then clamped resiliently about the drop chamber, the said jaws carry ing the Spaced electrodes.


The article revealed the level and dynamics manifestation epizootic process the disease in the Dnipropetrovsk region in 2005-2013 years. The analyzed the epizootic situation on rabies, which is characterized by periodic ups and downs of tension. The maximum number of disadvantaged points were recorded in 2012 year and the minimum in 2006 year, the highest focus index established in 2005 and 2010 years, and the lowest in the last three years. In Dnipropetrovsk region for the period 2005 to 2013 year were recorded rabies in foxes (Vulpes vulpes), cats (Felis catus), dogs (Canis familiaris), cattle (Bos taurus) and other species animal (marten Martes martes, goats Capra hircus, pigs Sus scrofa, wolf Canis lupus, raccoon dogs Nyctereutes procyonides). Our results revealed that a leading role in maintaining habitat rabies virus in fox, cats and dogs. It was established in 2005 and 2007 years rabies was recorded mainly in wild animals and in 2006 year and from 2008 to 2013 year in dogs and cats. Shown a tendency to increase the number of outbreaks among dogs and cats and reduction among farm and wild animals. Found that rabies was recorded monthly, but had a characteristic autumn-winter seasonality. The characteristic seasonal manifestations rabies in different species animal's.


This study reports the development of a Thurstone Scale to measure attitudes toward adult education. Fifty-four expert judges assigned ratings to 116 items in an item pool. Forty items met the criteria for inclusion in the scale and the method of successive intervals was used to calculate the scale item values. The validity of the scale was assessed against five criterion variables in a study in which 28 of the scale items were used with a sample of 263 adult patients in the medical practice of a family physician. Scores on the attitude scale were correlated with years of schooling, social participation, socio-economic status, internal-external locus of control and participation in adult learning activities. Although small in magnitude the correlation coefficients obtained were all in the anticipated direction and were statistically significant beyond the .01 level supporting the concurrent validity of the scale in the study. The homogeneity of the 40 scale items was tested by factor analysis of responses from 338 adult education participants. The analysis yielded nine factors accounting for 75.1 per cent of the variance and indicated that attitudes toward adult education, as quantified by the scale, are multifactorial. Second order factor analysis revealed three underlying factors with one dominant factor emerging.


The results of experiments in air on laboratory small sample bars clearly indicate that the thermomechanical stress (temperature cycles) causes an initiating macro crack to occur completely around the bar coating. This is in the overlap region of the semi-conducting paint and the stress grading paint/wrap. Certainly this is caused by differential expansion of the materials. No high temperatures were recorded by the thermistors. Using a binocular microscope set at a magnification of 50 times, observation of the initiation gap occurred after 100 days for samples temperature cycled between 60 degrees C and 70 degrees C. The effect of the frequency of the HV on the time of the initiation phase occurring was negligible. No doubt changing the temperature cycling arrangements would be critical. This is demonstrated by the initiation damage being noted after only 20 days at the higher temperatures where the temperature variation was 40 degrees C, i.e. 70 degrees C to 110 degrees C. Once the initial gap occurs micro discharges follow. These and the expansion/contraction of the complete system can then relatively rapidly remove the coatings within the end winding region. Ultimately core to bar discharges will occur.


According to the nsp2 gene sequence of PRRSVs in GenBank,a downstream primer was designed in the conserved region of the downstream of large deletion of nsp2 and a upstream primer in the short deletion to amplify the variant strain.Common strain was amplified using a upstream primer within the large deletion and the same downstream primer to variant strain.A duplex RT-PCR distinguish method to differentiate the PRRSV variant and common strains was development.This method was applied to test clinic samples.Part positive results were sequenced and showed more than 97% homologous with the reported sequences.These results showed that this method was specific,rapid and simple.This method could be applied to differentiate the PRRSV variant and common strains.


Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of "Peitu Xiaoshui Decoction" in the treatment of severe ascites due to cirrhosis.Methods Sixty cases were treated by "Peitu Xiaoshui Decoction",with the course of 30 days.Results Thirty-eight cases achieved excellent results,19 cases achieved positive results and 3 cases without any effect.The total effective rate was 95%.Conclusion "Peitu Xiaoshui Decoction" has positive effect on ascites due to cirrhosis.


Ring shear tests were performed on high purity clay minerals (montmorillonite, sericite, chlorite and illite) and on mixtures (chlorite-sericite mixtures and montmorillonite-illite mixtures). Montmorillonite exhibited the lowest residual friction angle (3.8°). The residual value was 9.7° for sericite, 11° for chlorite, and 14.5° for illite. The shear strength recovered from the residual state for these pure clay minerals by the second and fifth unloading stages, except for sericite. The recovery ratio of the shear strength was 10% for chlorite and 25% for montmorillonite with σn' of 200kPa. The recovery of the shear strength of montmorillonite correlated closely with swelling. The detected residual strength of these clay minerals did'nt change through five load changes. The residual strength of chlorite-sericite mixture exhibited transitional behavior. The test results when the chlorite content of the mixture was less than 49% exhibited the residual strength of sericite when the chlorite content of the mixture was more than 49%, the mixture exhibited the residual strength of chlorite. Montmorillonite-illite mixture exhibited the residual strength of montmorillonite when the montmorillonite content exceeded 30%. The residual strength of chrolite-sericite mixture is similar to the shear strength of slip surface clay created from weathered greenstone. For montmorillonite-illite mixture, the residual strength was similar to the shear strength of slip surface clay created from weathered Tertialy mudstone.


The article analyzes the basic directions of improving the efficiency in ensuring transport security. Considering a condition of protection from illegal intervention with vehicles and transport infrastructure, the authors assess the current threats and risks to transport security paying special attention to the negative consequences in the form of destabilization in the functioning to the transport complex. This includes the threat to people's lives, harm to health and significant material damage. Within the limits of illegal intervention illegal action (inaction) including the terrorist act representing real threat of occurrence of the listed negative consequences for the person, the state and society is estimated.
Transport security in modern conditions should be assessed as: 1) a set of normative and legal acts; 2) complex on protection of passengers, cargoes, luggage of measures. The mentioned acts and measures are aimed at the transport system as a whole. At the same time, certain features are noted which are typical for each type of transport. Transport safety includes: a) aviation safety; b) safety on subways and railroad transport; c) safety on river and sea transport.
The legal regulation of transport safety is provided by national legal systems. Intergovernmental and interstate agreements focusing on transport security are in place for certain modes of transport. Examples are: 1) International Maritime Organization's International Ship and Port Facility Security Code; 2) International Civil Aviation Organization's Annex 17 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation.


Reviewer Point P 1.1 — The results presentation in the manuscript is quite lengthy mostly due to extended and suffers textual description of the results. Perhaps the authors could look at refining and reducing the presentation/description of the data in the manuscript text, referring more heavily to their excellently designed figures? While this would not be essential for the eventual publication of this paper it would improve its readability.


Slope exposure is known to affect soil biogeochemical processes in mountainous forest ecosystems, but little attention has yet been paid to its influence at a soil aggregate scale. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of slope exposure (north- vs south-facing slope) on the physico-chemical and microbiological properties of bulk soil and dry-sieved and water-stable aggregate size fractions in both organic (OF) and mineral (AE) horizons in an Italian alpine forest. The changes in organic carbon (OC) and nitrogen (ON) fractions were assessed together with a battery of thirteen enzyme activities involved in the main nutrient cycles. In addition, soil biological properties including microbial biomass (estimated as double-stranded DNA content), and microbial activity (assessed as the ratio between the extra-(exDNA) and intracellular (iDNA) fractions of the total soil DNA pool) were determined. The OF horizon at the north-facing slope was enriched in recalcitrant and insoluble OC and ON fractions and characterized by a lower microbial activity, as indicated by the higher exDNA/iDNA ratio with respect to the south-facing slope. On the contrary, exDNA and iDNA contents, microbial biomass, as well as most of the enzyme activities, reached higher levels at the southern exposure in the AE horizon. These exposure-effects were bulk soil- and aggregate size fraction-specific. Overall, lower values of the chemical and microbiological parameters were found in the water-stable fraction. Our findings indicate that slope exposure (and thus topography), soil horizon, and aggregate size distinctly influence soil OC dynamics in mountain ecosystems.


We investigate the premise that robust grasping performance is enabled by exploiting constraints present in the environment. These constraints, leveraged through motion in contact, counteract uncertainty in state variables relevant to grasp success. Given this premise, grasping becomes a process of successive exploitation of environmental constraints, until a successful grasp has been established. We present support for this view found through the analysis of human grasp behavior and by showing robust robotic grasping based on constraint-exploiting grasp strategies. Furthermore, we show that it is possible to design robotic hands with inherent capabilities for the exploitation of environmental constraints.


Objective To analyze the results of HIV/AIDS surveillance among the men who have sex with men(MSM) in Anhui Province,so as to provide the evidence for the future development of prevention and control strategies.Methods The results of HIV/AIDS surveillance among the MSM during the past 2 years were analyzed.Results A total of 2 020 MSM were surveyed,the HIV positive rate of 2009 and 2010 was 1.96% and 2.63% respectively,showed no statistical difference.Compared with 2009,the rate of their correct answers to AIDS related knowledge questions increased from 38.02% to 62.52% in 2010.The incidence of commercial sex increased from 6.54% in 2009 to 10.35% in 2010.In 2009 and 2010,their condom use rate in every commercial sex was 48.33% and 43.86% respectively.In 2010,the rate of receiving interventions among them were lower than 2009.Conclusions The HIV positive rate among MSM in Anhui Province was not increased significantly during the past years,still at a low prevalence level.Although their AIDS related knowledge had been keeping at high level,much proportion of MSM still took high risk behaviors.The disconnection of knowledge and behaviors,and their decreased rate of receiving interventions showed that we should take actions to improve our intervention strategies.


Electronics is more and more pervasive in everyday life: smartphones, connected cars, Internet of Things... All this is not only about mobile energy efficient technologies: it is wireless and wireline connectivity, sensors. UTBB FD-SOI (Ultra Thin Body and Buried-oxide Fully Depleted Silicon On Insulator) is a planar semiconductor technology that introduced the advantages of fully depleted transistors from the 28nm technology node, which is cost optimal, allowing joining the advantages of a general purpose high speed technology with the ones of a low power one. The paper describes the development of the FD-SOI technology, the choice of devices centering, and their main characteristics, especially suited for high speed energy efficient operation, even in low voltage conditions, thanks to the their intrinsic characteristics offered by being fully depleted. Those, are not limited to digital logic devices, but extend to memory bit-cells (fast, low leakage, and operating at low voltage) and the exceptional analog characteristics of devices.


[Objective] To study promoting effects of several bio-control agents for tomato's growth. [Method] This paper's aims is to promote tomato's growth by several bio-control agents dipped root and watering potted plants. [Result] Agent C for 1. 0 g / kg concentration on preventing and promoting health potted tomato significantly more control,including plants in fresh weight,root fresh weight in the respective growth of 11. 0 percent compared with control,64. 5%; agent L for 1. 5 g / kg concentration on preventing and promoting health potted tomato significantly more control,including in height,root,root fresh weight,in the respective growth of 27. 5 percent compared with control,28. 3%,18. 0%; dealt with 40 days,A2 1. 0 × 109 bacteria / pots on the pot of tomato disease prevention and significant role in promoting health,In roots,fresh weight,root fresh weight in the respective growth of 8. 3 percent compared with control,22. 4 percent,24. 7 percent.[Conclusion]The study can provide scientific basis for bio-control of continuous cropping obstacle in tomato.


During a research project in a call centre of a multinational energy provider company we discovered links between emotional labour and ethical dilemmas in the workplace; and between social defence mechanisms and ethical issues (rule-breaking and/or rulebending). We have used system's psycho-dynamic theoretical concepts as a meta-theory and as a methodological approach with which to interpret our empirical findings and to connect our experiences as researchers and consultants.


Turbulence coefficient r is introduced to simulate traffic disorder traffic flow characteristics. By analyzing the disturbance vehicles in the driving environment of different disordered state, the values of model simulation under different conditions analysis, using the traffic flow turbulence coefficient r disorder defined traffic flow characteristics, offers new reference for the study of the traffic flow theory. The accident rate and traffic flow turbulence characteristics are simulated and analyzed, which provides the theoretical gist for the simulation study of traffic flow.


This article is based on the Ranganathan's Five Laws.It analyses the fifth law on library work from the relations among library collection and reader,reader and librarian,librarian and library collection.


Purpose – Increasingly, companies need to be vigilant with the risks that can harm the short‐term operations as well as the long‐term sustainability of their supply chain (SC). The purpose of this paper is to provide a framework to proactively manage SC risks. The framework will enable the company to select a set of risk agents to be treated and then to prioritize the proactive actions, in order to reduce the aggregate impacts of the risk events induced by those risk agents.Design/methodology/approach – A framework called house of risk (HOR) is developed, which combines the basic ideas of two well‐known tools: the house of quality of the quality function deployment and the failure mode and effect analysis. The framework consists of two deployment stages. HOR1 is used to rank each risk agent based on their aggregate risk potentials. HOR2 is intended to prioritize the proactive actions that the company should pursue to maximize the cost‐effectiveness of the effort in dealing with the selected risk agents in...


The late modern and globalized societies, of the western type, are challenged in their defence of universal values such as 'the equal value of all'. There are signs of a growing lack of community ( ...


A deepened understanding of the impact mentorship has on the formation of college student self-authorship proves necessary to best inform the mentoring practices of student affairs practitioners. The present study therefore examined the impact a mentoring relationship with a student affairs professional has on the development of student selfauthorship. Through a qualitative approach, the current research took the responses of sixteen student mentees to determine the impact of mentorship and then identified the key aspects of mentoring most significant in fostering self-authorship. The report below presented essential characteristics for a student affairs mentor and effective mentoring approaches.


Objectives Several genetic studies have implicated the CACNA1C SNP rs1006737 in bipolar disorder (BD) pathology. This polymorphism was recently found associated with increased amygdala activity in a combined sample of healthy controls and patients with BD. We performed a functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) study in a sample of BD and schizophrenia (SZ) cases and healthy controls to test for altered amygdala activity in carriers of the rs1006737 risk allele (AA/AG), and to investigate if there were differences across the subgroups. Methods Rs1006737 was genotyped in 250 individuals (N = 66 BD, 61 SZ and 123 healthy controls), all of Norwegian ethnicity, who underwent an fMRI negative faces matching task. Statistical tests were performed with standard fMRI tools, with a model correcting for sex, age, diagnostic category and medication status in the total sample, and then in each subgroup. Results In the total sample, carriers of the risk allele had increased activation in the left amygdala (x = -24, y = -2, z = -14; Z = 3.47), (Family-wise error (FWE) P = 0.026). Subgroup- analyses showed that this effect was significant in the BD group (x = -24, y = 0, z = -14; Z = 3.35) (FWE P = 0.041), but not in the other subgroups. Conclusions These results strengthen the hypothesis that CACNA1C SNP rs1006737 is involved in amygdala activity during emotional processing. This effect seems most prominent in BD, which further supports that the CACNA1C effect on amygdala activity is of importance for


This article discusses the changing social distribution of unemployment and long-term unemployment risks during the current financial and economic crisis. These risks are interpreted as the result of three different, overlapping forms of labour market segmentation: first, the institutionally stabilized polarization between labour market insiders and outsiders; second, the occupational dualization of high- and low-skilled employees and occupations; and third, the marginalization of disadvantaged social groups. On the basis of European Union-Survey on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) data for 24 European countries (2005–2012), it can be shown that (long-term) unemployment risks increase especially for low-skilled persons and occupations, single parents, migrants and disabled persons. Women, older and permanently employed persons are relatively less affected by short-term unemployment but more affected by long-term unemployment. Hence, the current crisis strengthens the occupational and social dualization of labour markets, endangering the inclusiveness and long-term growth potential of the European economy and societies.


The basic macrocyclic octapyridinotetrapyrazinoporphyrazine InIII complex of formula [Py8TPyzPzIn(OAc)]·8H2O, prepared by reaction of the free ligand [Py8TPyzPzH2]·2H2O with In(OAc)3, is a stable-to-air species of which the structure has been studied by its X-ray powder diffraction and mass spectra and characterization operated by IR and UV-visible spectral behavior. The complex has been further examined and proven to be of potential interest for its response as an anticancer agent in the field of photodynamic therapy (PDT), the value of ΦΔ = 0.55 (in DMF) being in the range of 0.4–0.6 at the level of similar phthalocyanine and porphyrazine analogs and qualifying the species as a highly efficient anticancer agent. Planned parallel types of investigation, including their photoactive behaviour in PDT, have been extended to the mononuclear octacation [(2-Mepy)8TPyzPzIn(OAc)]8+ (salted by iodide ions) and the heteropentanuclear derivatives [(M'Cl2)4Py8TPyzPzIn(OAc)]·xH2O (M' = PdII, x = 8; PtII, x = 1)) and [{(Pd(CBT)2)4}Py8TPyzPzIn(OAc)]·19H2O (CBT = m-carborane-1-thiolate anion).


Method Homogenization scheme A computational homogenization scheme with shell elements at the macro-level and plane-strain elements at the micro-level is used, figure 1. The macroscopic central layer strain ǫ and the curvature κ are used to define the boundary value problem on a representative volume element (RVE). The generalized stress-strain tangent matrix D is obtained from an RVE analysis at each macroscopic integration point according to:


In 2010, the European bathroom furniture, furnishing and wellness market (including furniture, accessories, WC seats, showers and wellness segments) was worth Euro 5 billion at factory prices, remaining stable if compared to the previous year but showing a big decline (-14%) if compared to 2008 values. The export capacity of the European firms decreased over the last two years reaching 28% of the total production in 2010.


The article is an analytical review of a number of documents on reforming the culture management in the last years of the Soviet Union. All documents are entered into scientific circulation for the first time. Events of the early 1990s determined the direction of development of cultural industries to its mercantilism and, as a consequence, cultural organizations offer public services and products targeted solely for profit.


In this note, a proof of Utkin's theorem is presented for the SI(Single Input) uncertain integral linear case. The invariance theorem with respect to the two transformation methods so called the two diagonalization methods are proved clearly and comparatively for SI uncertain integral linear systems. With respect to the sliding surface transformation, the equation of the sliding mode, the sliding surface is invariant. Both the applied control inputs have the same gains. By means of the two transformation methods the same results can be obtained. Through an illustrative example and simulation study, the usefulness of the main results is verified.


. During 2008, the pond surfacededicated to its semi-intensive culture in Mex-ico was 71,611 ha, which yielded close to 132,414 tons (CESA 2008).Among the wide variety of bioactive com-pounds used in shrimp culture, copper sulfateis commonly used in Mexican shrimp farms tocontrol macroalgae and bivalve growth (Lyle-Fritch et al. 2006).Copper is essential for normal growth anddevelopment (Li et al. 2007). However, mostMexican shrimp farms use low water exchangerates (Miranda et al. 2009), which may resultin high concentrations of dissolved Cu andin its accumulation in the farm sediments. Inthese cases, Cu may reach toxic levels andcause genotoxic effects (Guecheva et al. 2001;Arkhipchuk and Garanko 2005).In view of this possibility, this study aimedto assess DNA damage in the hemocytes ofjuvenile


The unstable states (including those related to self-accelerations of pulsars) in which the mutual friction causes an irreversible motion of vortices are considered.


Several alternative analyses of anomalous large-angle scattering data for elastic scattering of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ particles from nuclei are illustrated. Statistically equivalent fits to the data are achieved by various parametrizations of the optical potential. These fits though statistically insignificant in the sense that $\frac{{\ensuremath{\chi}}^{2}}{N}\ensuremath{\gg}1$ are comparable to or better than those produced by different representations of the potential. We therefore question the ability to reach detailed conclusions about any microscopic model of the processes giving rise to anomalous large-angle scattering.


We consider the problem of semiblind channel estimation for multiinputs multioutputs (MIMO) channels. More precisely, we are interested here on the performance limit given by the channel estimate Cramer-Rao Bound (CRB). We start by reviewing the results related to the Bayesian CRB and show that this bound is in general inadequate to well characterize the channel estimation performance of a MIMO system. The purpose of this work is to propose alternative and more appropriate performance bounds by considering the stochastic CRBs. Different CRBs are computed and compared for different schemes of training sequences design and different assumptions on the source signal distributions.


ACEI isolated from different food proteins is being paid attention to more and more, due to its characters of high efficiency, safety, cheap raw material and easy assimilation and absorption. So it will have very broad prospects in the next century. This article reviews some aspects of the ACE inhibitory peptides isolated from different food proteins, their physiological and pharmacological effects and their prospects for application.


AbstractA compact all solid-state microwave spectrometer has been built, operating between 18 - 26 GHz. The instrument can be used for the quantitative analysis of gas mixtures. The system has been optimized with respect to sensitivity and noise and a number of measurements on gases and gas mixtures are described.


Adapting arguments from queuing theory, we investigate a mathematical model for protein production efficiency from mRNA. Our model involves six parameters: the mRNA length, the clearance distance a ribosome must travel from the initiation site before another ribosome can attach, the ribosomal attachment rate, the ribosomal traveling speed along the mRNA, the mRNA degradation rate, and the probability that a ribosome prematurely disengages from the mRNA. The model allows for different mechanisms of mRNA degradation; the more complicated mechanisms postulate a functional role for the mRNA poly A tail. We determine the probability generating function of the number N of fully formed proteins from a single mRNA. This function yields the moments of N exactly and the entire distribution of N numerically via the finite Fourier transform. Using biologically plausible estimates, we examine the sensitivity of protein production to the model parameters and degradation mechanisms. Model predictions are most sensitive to the degradation and attachment rates, two parameters which are poorly measured in vivo.


Plants have been widely utilized as traditional medicine for an extended period of time. Numerous traditional remedies have demonstrated inherent anti-disease properties. Among the countries that extensively rely on traditional medicine, Indonesia stands out. Within the region of North Sulawesi, Indonesia, Ficus minahassae, an indigenous plant possessing several health benefits, is utilized by the local community as a traditional medicinal resource. This plant is employed for the treatment of various ailments such as rheumatism, physical discomfort, stimulation of lactation in breastfeeding women, bruises, relapse, fever, fatigue, migraines, bodily pain, headaches, convulsions, colds, coughs, influenza, and fractures. Typically, the leaves, roots, and stems of F. minahassae are boiled and consumed. Additionally, this plant has been reported to possess antibacterial and antioxidant properties. However, scientific investigations exploring the health advantages of F. minahassae are significantly limited in comparison to other traditional medicines. Consequently, it is highly recommended to conduct further research on the health benefits associated with this plant.


Electrospinning generates nanofibres at speeds that often surpass those of conventional man-made fibre production. This makes control and manipulation of these nanofibres that much more difficult and challenging. However, to take full advantage of the superior properties of electrospun nanofibres, their production process must be clearly understood and all possible means of fibre formation and hence fibre control explored. This article attempts to explain electrospun fibre production from first principles and uses schematics to follow the electrospinning process from inception, i.e. in the nozzle, to collection with respect to electrostatic behaviours. The complex interrelationship between the charged species in the moving solution and their subsequent polarization and the induced internal field by the applied external electric field are systematically explored and explained.


While surveying plant disease severity, we usually record the data in notebooks and enter them in spreadsheet software, such as Microsoft Excel, using keyboard input. However, this method has some problem concerning about the efficiency of working. In the present study, we evaluated the time-saving effect of voice input while surveying of plant disease. Two test subjects surveyed and recorded the disease severity of tomato powdery mildew using voice input. The time in voice input was 9.2% to 26.2% less than that in the control. The input time of the data into Excel in voice input was 58.1% to 67.1% less than in control. These results indicated that voice input could improve the efficiency of survey and input during plant disease experiments.


An approach for classifying natural images into emotional categories(happy vs.sad)was proposed.According to the strong relationship between low level features in an image and human emotion,an emotional semantic query model based on image low level feature description was proposed.By extracting the gloable color kansei features in the HSV color space and according to the theory of golden section,a novel approach for describing the most interesting areas' color features was proposed,and 2D Gabor wavelet was combined for describing the emotion in texture feature.PCA was used to reduce multidimensional kansei features,and back propagation neural network was employed to map the low level feature vectors to emotional feature space.


is article deals with the in�耀uence the community symbolic system has regar- ding the incidence of community cultural processes within educational ones -espe- cially in Raposo, Primero de Mayo, and Sur Isleta- since cultural reproduction in those areas enables the persistence of regulations that can be misinterpreted by teenagers and even teachers. We analyzed the main cultural codes included in the language as well as the vocabulary used by youngsters such as: group communal-living rules, aesthetic perception of daily life, common identity traces, social representations and prejudices, social partici- pation styles, gestures, and social and outlined representations. We also identi�耀ed (within the general analysis) the socio-cultural factors that promote or encourage attrition, grouping them by internal (personal) and external (group and institutional) aspects. es


The surface morphology of X80 steel with hydrophilic underwater oleophobic characteristic is described greater comprehensively and quantitatively in this work by combining fractal dimension and multifractal. X80 steel with hydrophilic underwater oleophobic surface characteristics was constructed using a chemical etching method. Then, with the aid of three wettability parameters—contact angle, rolling angle, and adhesion work—this study investigated the relationship between the surface fractal dimension of X80 and the stability of the water ring in the core annular flow. The results showed that: (1) the fractal dimension of X80 steel specimens increased first and then decreased with the increase of reaction time. Besides that, the value of it was greater than 2, indicating that the surface had obvious fractal characteristics. The spectral difference, Δf(α), and the spectral width, Δα, supplemented the description of the X80 steel surface morphology, which was consistent with the scanning electron microscope results. (2) When the maximum fractal dimension was 2.0808, the minimum contact angle of distilled water on its surface was 50.2°, and the maximum contact angle of underwater oil droplets was 166.4°. The larger the fractal dimension of X80 steel with hydrophilic underwater oleophobic properties, the more hydrophilic and underwater oleophobic it is. This illustrated that there was a strong binding force between the water and the X80 steel pipe wall, and hence the quality and efficiency of the core annular flow was improved, which was more conducive to the promotion of this technology in the field of heavy oil transportation.


The SEASAT satellite, launched on June 27, 1978, carried a radar altimeter designed to measure the altitude of the satellite above the ocean surface, the surface wave height, and the ocean-surface backscatter coefficient from which wind speed can be inferred. Postlaunch engineering assessment indicated that the SEASAT altimeter met the performance specification for 10-cm precision (noise) in the altitude measurements. However, to determine the accuracy of this measurement as well as the accuracy of the wave height and wind speed measurements a significant calibration, validation, and model development effort was required. This summary describes the instrument, atmospheric, and geophysical effects which influence the radar altimeter measurement accuracies and the attendant correction models adopted for the altimeter geophysical data record. Also summarized are the activities of the SEASAT Altimeter/Precision Orbit Determination Experiment Team directed towards the validation and improvement of these models, as well as the investigations required to assess the accuracy of the altimeter measurement and the computed satellite altitude ephemeris. Finally, an accuracy assessment is made for the various altimeter measurement corrections which are included on the altimeter geophysical data record.


This paper explores the problem of effective taxation at the lower end of the income scale in Germany. For the recipients of social income maintenance--currently about 1.8 million nationals--effective taxation consists not only of the explicit taxation through the tax code but also of the implicit taxation through the withdrawal of benefits. The paper calculates effective tax rates for recipients of social assistance; it is shown that for labor incomes in the lower income range explicit and implicit taxation add up to a marginal burden of just under 75 percent on average. The 1996 tax reform alleviates the explicit tax burden on low incomes but it does not alleviate the total marginal burden on labor earnings of welfare recipients. It increases net incomes but since the withdrawal of benefits increases with net incomes too the overall burden remains practically unchanged. Therefore effective welfare traps remain prevalent; these could only be avoided through a reform of the system of social assistance and withdrawal. Constraints and possible steps for reform are discussed.


We investigated the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect and interlayer coupling field (Hint) for spin-valve films, which were fabricated as a back layer (Cu and NiCr) and a thin Ta cap layer on a CoFe free layer. As the Cu back layer was thickened, the GMR ratio was enhanced and the Hint oscillated. This behavior may be understood as a result of the spin-dependent potential created by the CoFe/Cu interface. On the other hand, the thin Ta cap layer enhanced the GMR effect.


The invention discloses an inclination fragmentation ore body segment top board reconstruction middle-deep hole ore break down filling mining method. According to the method, an intermediate section on an ore body direction is divided into several backstopping units; an intermediate section transport tunnel is arranged at the bottom of the intermediate section, a segment transport gallery is arranged in the segment; the segment transport gallery is connected to the intermediate section transport tunnel through a winze, the segment transport gallery is communicated to a stope; a slip-casting cavern chamber along the ore body direction is excavated at the contact position of each segment top ore body and the surrounding rocks; the fragmented surrounding rocks can be performed with slip-casting and reinforcing in the slip-casting cavern chamber to construct an artificial top board; the ore break down by blasting is carried out on a rock drilling platform under the artificial top board, the blasted ore is sent to a well, and is transported through the intermediate section transport gallery; lower layer segment backstopping is finished and then filling is carried out, and the artificial top board of the layer is taken as a base plate of an upper layer segment for backstopping work of the upper layer segment. The mining method is adapted to exploitation of fragmented inclination ore body, and has the characteristics of high production efficiency, strong security of the backstopping work, excellent index of ore dilution and good economic benefit.


The refrigerating machine oil, the carbon refrigerant refrigerator oil for a particularly hydro-fluoro made by including a fluorinated silicone oil having a kinematic viscosity at least 500mm Lubrication of a refrigeration system comprising lubricating a compression-type refrigeration system by using the refrigerator oil is also described. By using the refrigerator oil, the foaming phenomenon during boiling of the refrigerant dissolved in the refrigerator oil it can be suppressed effectively. Further, in the refrigeration system using the refrigerator oil, effective lubrication can be achieved.


According to WHO report (2008), In India it is reported that 50-60% of all neonatal death occur within the first month of life due to poor aseptic technique practicing in the labour room. Of these more than half may die during the first week of life, so study was aimed to assess the knowledge of staff nurses regarding aseptic techniques at selected hospital of Pilkhuwa.
Materials and Methods: A descriptive survey design was adopted with 68 staff nurses selected by convenience sampling technique from selected hospital of Pilkhuwa, Hapur. Knowledge was assed using the structured knowledge questionnaire. The reliability coefficient was found 0.70 by Kudar Richardson-20 formula.
Results: Findings of study showed that mean knowledge score of staff nurses was 13.13 with median score of 14. Standard deviation of knowledge score was 3.25. Maximum staff nurses i.e. 43 (63.24%) were having average knowledge whereas 25 (36.76%) having knowledge poor average, none of the staff nurse was having adequate knowledge regarding aseptic techniques. On computation of chi square, it was found that there was no significant association of the knowledge score of the staff nurse with any demographic variables at 0.05 level of significance.
Conclusion: Study concluded that Staff nurses were not having adequate knowledge regarding aseptic techniques, so there is a need of proper educational programmes to enhance knowledge of staff nurses regarding aseptic techniques.


Powerpoint accompanies thesis. Frowning makes it seem harder. Honors Thesis, Katie Michel under the direction of Craig Smith & Leslie Kirby, April 2007.


Records of ground motions due to landslides had been observed frequently thanks to the enhancement of the recent seismic network (e. g. Yamada et al., 2012; Ogiso and Yomogida, 2015). These records may enble us to estimate locations and timing of landslides which are especially important to understand the mechanism of landslides in association with geology, hydrological environment and precipitation distribution. On Oct. 16, 2013, large-scale landslides took place due to extreme rainfall in Izu-Oshima Island in Japan. Accompanied with the Izu-oshima landslide disasters, seismic waveform records which recorded landslide signals were obtained at more than ten stations operated by Oshima Volcano Observatory of ERI, U. Tokyo. Using these waveform records, this study shows the effectiveness and limits to estimate the spatio-temporal distribution of the shallow landslides.


Objectives To learn the multi-drug resistant tuberculosis(MDR-TB)distribution among migrant population in Bao'an District,Shenzhen.Methods Collecting information for suspicious of MDR-TB patients and making bacteria identification and drug susceptibility testing for patients with sputum culture positive.Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test were used for comparing different characteristics of patients with MDR-TB,and the significance level was 0.05.Results There were 984 suspicious MDR-TB patients in migrant population from January 2012 to December 2012 in Bao'an District,Shenzhen,of which 756patients(87.02%)were sputum culture positive.Bacteria identification was made further,and 740 patients were infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb).Of the 740 patients with Mtb,26patients(3.51%)were MDR-TB,27(6.65%)were only INH resistance TB,15(2.03%)were RFP resistant only.The multi-drug resistant rate was significant higher in recurrence or treatment failure patients than that in new patients(P0.000 1),and was also higher in TB patients with cavity than that without cavity(χ2=6.326 8,P=0.011 9).There were no significant difference in multi-drug resistant rate among different sex(χ2=0.233 1,P=0.629 2)and age groups(P=0.664 4).Conclusions Multi-drug resistant rate was low among migrant population in Bao'an District,Shenzhen.In order to prevent the generation and dissemination of MDR-TB,TB management strategy for migrant population should be continued.


Many pharmaceutical drugs have unpleasant tastes, most of them being bitter. The problems of bitterness of drugs create a serious challenge to pharmacist especially when the drugs need to be taken by paediatric patients. Paracetamol is one of the common medicines that have a bitter taste. Due to this, taste masking becomes one of the important steps during formulation. Therefore, this study aims to develop a paediatric dosage form of paracetamol through using microencapsulation technique. It is a coating technique that provides a physical barrier around the drug to avoid the drug dissolution into the mouth while keeping the drug bioavailability unchanged. The biopolymer alginate is considered as a good choice for microencapsulation purpose. Alginate is a natural polysaccharide polymer isolated from brown seaweed. There is an increase interest toward the use of alginate gel in the form of beads due to non-toxicity of alginate and their ability to encapsulate drugs under very mild conditions without using high temperatures. Alginate gel beads are prepared by drop-wise of sodium alginate solution into a solution containing divalent metal ion such as calcium ion that leads to the formation of a unique egg box-like gel structure. Furthermore, extra coating of paracetamol-alginate beads with chitosan was increase more taste masking properties. Chitosan is a polysaccharide derived from chitin by alkaline deacetylation. The term of chitosan is used to describe a series of chitosan polymers with different molecular weight, viscosity and degree of acetylation. Chitosan is insoluble in at neutral and alkaline pH values but forms salt with inorganic and organic acid. in-vitro dissolution testing was used to evaluate taste masking capability, by quantifying release in simulated oral cavity conditions. From in-vitro studies, it can be concluded that the paracetamol alginate beads able to mask the bitter taste of paracetamol.


An attempt has been made, on the basis of the three-levels model and considerations relative to the existence of interstitial atoms, to correlate the resistivity of InP crystal with the Fe weight fraction and the background concentration of the polycrystalline InP used as the starting material for growing semi-insulating crystals with low Fe concentration. The calculated and experimental results are in good agreement. The correlation between Fe weight fraction and solidified InP that is free of Fe-precipitates was obtained experimentally.<<ETX>>


Article scrutinized one of the works of an American woman poet named Elizabeth Akers Allen. The poem under study entitled "Rock Me to Sleep". It was a portrayal of motherhood. The speaker of this poem is a woman who is longing for the love of her mother. She is seeking for a way to ease her pain since she feels that she has lost her own battle of womanhood. Although the mother remains absent, the readers of the poem can sense the powerful love of the speaker of the poem toward her mother. Method of this study was library research that carried out by applying descriptive analytical methods. Data were collected from the primary and secondary sources. Results of this paper are the writer of poetry wants to warn people that womanhood in the patriarchal society can create many problems, and the only remedy for those problems is motherhood. Article also proves that a writer does not have to be a feminist to produce a literary text which discusses the issue of women, which has became the focus of feminism.


Objective:To study the infection situation situation of HPV of CA patients and evaluate the significance of FQ-PCR method in the diagnosis of CA and the typing of HPV.Methods:The fixed quantity of DNA and the type of HPV was detected for 292 CA patients by FQ-PCR.Results:In 292 examples of CA,HPV was found in 279 examples;HPV_(6、11) was found in 250 examples and HPV_(16、18) was found in 67 examples,HPV_(6、11) and HPV_(16、18) was in 38 examples.This detection of fixed quantity showed:patients of HPV_(6、11) had 1.0×10~8 copy max and 2.8×10~3 copy min,and the ones of HPV_(16、18) had 1.0×10~8 copy max,2.75×10~4 copy min.Conclusion:The technique of FQ-PCR is provided with merits:high-sensibility,efficiency,and avoid of feignd-positive conditions due to purely enhanced production of PCR.Additionally the quantitative results were useful to support strong information for the process of clinical treatment.


The Functional Equation f ° f + af + b1R = 0 We compute all the continuous solutions of the functional equation in the title, for real a, b and b ≠ 0. The solutions are obtained using different patterns which depend upon the solutions of the associated characteristic equations.


The Pharmacovigilance System is a highly valid tool for identifying the hazards of a drug, particularly if newly available on the market, to assess its advantages by comparative analysis of several drugs and to ensure adequate mass information. However the system is poorly effective in terms of mitigating the risk to which patients are exposed if they have risk factors for CM-induced ADR. In practical terms the System monitors a drug in relation to its danger level in inducing full-blown severe reactions, but does not tackle the prevention of any sensitization conditions for repeated treatments that may result in lifethreateniing reactions, assessing minor symptoms caused by an ADR. The System does not draw attention to the patient-drug relationship, ignoring possible individual risk factors in each patient that may cause or facilitate ADR. Spontaneous reporting is still the most imIntegrated Pharmacovigilance System for CMInduced Adverse Reactions Sistema di farmacovigilanza integrata per le reazioni avverse


Being competent has become workers' desire to self-improve, dedicating themselves to develop at all times and places. This study analyses the modes of subjective production of the Brazilian public worker based on broad competency-based training policies, which haven't been enough problematized. This research follows a contextual discourse and theoretical documentation adopting Bakhtin's perspective, researching Brazilian public policy on workers' education, as well as the Report of the International Commission on Education for UNESCO and the Brazilian program on professional qualification (ENAP). Results show that competencies discourse is tied to a vision of liberal and flexible education that transfers to the public worker the responsibility of Brazilian public management's (in)efficiency. Although the fundamentals of the term "competencies" rarely appear in related literature, its usages and effects appear in its pragmatically perspective, producing a public worker who believes that he is individually responsible for its competencies and its deliverability. As it promises quick qualification and inclusion, competency discourse is a potent and competent allied of the capitalist state.


Recent years have witnessed tremendous development and steady and remarkable progress in the various aspects of life, especially in the educational process, knowledge and technical fields, and among the areas covered by this development and change are the curricula, strategies, and methods of teaching, as teachers in particular realized that teaching was not isolated from the successive changes which moves all segments of society, as interest in information is no longer the only goal of educational processes, and the teacher's role is no longer limited to transferring knowledge to learners only, but rather, to become one of his basic roles to work on developing learners' ability to think, explore and innovate, raise their level of motivation and consider the educational process as a distinct position by interaction between Two parties each have roles to play in order to achieve certain goals.


After analysing the problems in the service for the new urbanization construction by Henan Radio TV University, Henan Radio TV University should grasp the strategic opportunity of transformation for Henan Open University, increase the intensity of reform and innovation, improve the service ability to deliver talents to the new urbanization construction and comprehensively boost the development of the new urbanization construction. Through talents delivery, left-behind farmer training, technical service, joint development of school and village and other ways, Henan Open Universities are serving for Henan new urbanization construction, realize the functions of the service for the economical and social development by Open Universities and promote the successful transition to the Open Universities.


Big Data warehouses are a new class of databases that largely use unstructured and volatile data for analytical purpose. Examples of this kind of data sources are those coming from the Web, such as social networks and blogs, or from sensor networks, where huge amounts of data may be available only for short intervals of time. In order to manage massive data sources, a strategy must be adopted to define multidimensional schemas in presence of fast-changing situations or even undefined business requirements. In the paper, we propose a design methodology that adopts agile and automatic approaches, in order to reduce the time necessary to integrate new data sources and to include new business requirements on the fly. The data are immediately available for analyses, since the underlying architecture is based on a virtual data warehouse that does not require the importing phase. Examples of application of the methodology are presented along the paper in order to show the validity of this approach compared to a traditional one.


If replacement selection is used in an external mergesort to generate initial runs, individual records are deleted and inserted in the sort operation's workspace. Variable-length records introduce the need for possibly complex memory management and extra copying of records. As a result, few systems employ replacement selection, even though it produces longer runs than commonly used algorithms. We experimentally compared several algorithms and variants for managing this workspace. We found that the simple best fit algorithm achieves memory utilization of 90% or better and run lengths over 1.8 times workspace size, with no extra copying of records and very little other overhead, for widely varying record sizes and for a wide range of memory sizes. Thus, replacement selection is a viable algorithm for commercial database systems, even for variable-length records.
Efficient memory management also enables an external sort algorithm that degrades gracefully when its input is only slightly larger than or a small multiple of the available memory size. This is not the case with the usual implementations of external sorting, which incur I/O for the entire input even if it is as little as one record larger than memory. Thus, in some cases, our techniques may reduce I/O volume by a factor 10 compared to traditional database sort algorithms. Moreover, the gradual rather than abrupt growth in I/O volume for increasing input sizes significantly eases design and implementation of intra-query memory management policies.


It is generally considered that massive cerebral haemorrhages complicating the natural history of some vascular tumours of the brain are primarily an expression of the fragility of the abnormal vessels, but several authors have isolated more specifically a special type of haemorrhagic angiomas. The present paper reports the research into the pathogenesis of massive cerebral haemorrhage in angiomas. Its clinical features and prognosis are also discussed. Surgery demonstrated the presence of haemorrhage in 17/30 (65%) of the cases selected from 70 patients operated. Cases with massive haemorrhage were distinguishable from the remainder by certain clinical and angiographical features which are summarized in the following tables. Massive haemorrhage is frequent in infancy and up to the second decade of life. The opposite is true for cases without haemorrhage, where the majority of patients are in the fifth decade (Table 1).


A review of the embryology and anatomy of the blood supply to the spinal cord is presented. The main artery supplying the anterior cord is the great radicular artery (often referred to by the eponym "the artery of Adamkiewicz"). This artery usually originates from the left side of the aorta, most frequently between the ninth thoracic and first lumbar levels to supply blood to the anterior spinal artery However, variations in the origin of the artery are common. Blood supply to the spinal cord can be compromised during descending thoracic or thoracoabdominal aortic reconstructions, performed for aneurysmal disease or for aortic dissection. This may lead to devastating neurological complications, most notably paraplegia. Although the etiology of paraplegia is multifactorial, a relatively small artery plays an important role in the development of serious neurological complications.


The present article analyzes the formation perspective found in offi cial documents regarding Basic Education and the pedagogical practices suggested by them. It also points out the relationship between a curriculum-defi ning public policy and the didactic organization of what is taught in the schools. Results show that the formation proposed by the above-mentioned documents tries to attend our society's market demands with its valorization of pedagogical practices for the development of attitudes, values, competences and abilities required by the globalized society. When such formation is placed fi rst and foremost and to the detriment of the transmission and appropriation of disciplines, school education decreases its commitment with scientifi c culture. In fact, it distances itself from its role in offering the symbolic instruments which are necessary for the students' integral development.


The utility model provides a flow forming head capable of achieving rotation of a cutter edge and fixing of a pipe piece in processing and a flow forming opening sealing machine with the flow forming head. The flow forming head comprises a main shaft body and a bearing sleeve. The main shaft body is assembled in the bearing sleeve and is capable of rotating relative to the bearing sleeve. The bearing sleeve is capable of performing a reciprocating motion relative to the main shaft body along the axial direction of the main shaft body. At least one drive piece capable of performing the reciprocating motion along the axial direction of the main shaft body is arranged on the main shaft body. At least one driven piece capable of performing the reciprocating motion along the radial direction of the main shaft body is arranged on one end portion of the main shaft body. The bearing sleeve, the driving piece and the driven piece are transmitted in sequence. A cutter support portion is arranged on the driven piece. The flow forming head and the flow forming opening sealing machine are suitable for sealing end portions of various pipes and capable of preventing the pipe pieces from swinging and deforming in processing of long pipes and enabling an opening sealing portion to be smooth and attractive and has the advantages of being rapid and reliable in processing, low in processing cost, convenient to operate and the like.


Knowing that the Physical Education should allow the exercise of different corporal activities, including the ones which came from several cultural manifestations, the aim of this study is to compare the expectation of parents and their children, students of a elementary school in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, about the need of rescuing some cultural values, through playings, games and dances during the Physical Education class. Qualitative questionnaires were tested on students from 1st to 4th grade and their respective parents. As for statistical treatment, it was used descriptive statistics and T tests for non-parametric data, through the statistical package 'Microsoft Excel for Windows'. No significative differences were found (p=0,251955) about students and their parent's satisfaction referring to the content supplied in class. Results showed some divergences on parents expectation when compared to the student's. While students think that Physical education classes are important for intellectual, physical and social development, and that it should offer a good education; parents expect these classes to stimulate cooperation and provide activities such as: games, sports, dances, gymnastics and fights. Parents and students agreed that Physical Education classes have to provide socialization. To end it up, it is concluded that has a predominance of the preference of social values on the cultural ones, for students and parents.


The continuity of assembling rational Bezier spline curves or Bezier spline surfaces is often encountered in computer aided geometric design(CAGD).In this paper,the necessary and sufficient condition ofG2continuity between two cubic rational Bezier spline curves is studied according to the theory of rational Bezier spline curves,and the geometric continuity problem in CAGD,where a com-plex curve is expressed with composite curves,is solved.


The present guide is a very important contribution in this necessary effort to upgrade the capacities of the African local authorities in the field of management of both tangible and intangible heritages. It is one of the results of the partnership established between UNESCO, the French Senate and the PDM, echoing the "African Towns and Heritage" initiative launched at the occasion of the 2003 Africities Summit organised in Yaounde. It provides tools to the municipalities and African local authorities which will allow them to start investing in a promising development field. Our wish is that it will be appreciated by the national and local authorities in Africa and that it will serve to launch everywhere a large movement favouring heritage and its valorisation, leading to a better representation of Africa on the World Heritage List.


We theoretically investigate the electronic structure properties of modified design GaSb-based type-II W-shaped quantum wells predicted for applications in interband cascade lasers. The results show that introducing a tensely-strained GaAsSb layer to confine the holes offers an additional tuning knob for the active optical transition oscillator strength and emission wavelength. Moreover, such a solution allows exploiting designs with thicker quantum well layers, which translates into a decreased sensitivity of the system to the growth inaccuracies, making it more robust and thus easier to reproduce.


The article examines a problem of large deflections and elastic jumps from one equilibrium state to another in a thin-walled structure in the form of a thin elastic cylindrical panel with imperfections in the form of a small-scale additional wave formation. An analytical solution of the problem was obtained and an analysis of the influence of geometric characteristics on the panel deformation process was made.


In 1911, under authority granted by the recently enacted Food and Drug Act, US agents seized 40 kegs and 20 barrels of Coca-Cola syrup in Chattanooga, Tennessee. The group, led by chief chemist Harvey Wiley, considered the caffeine in Coca-Cola to be a significant public health hazard (both cocaine and alcohol had been removed from the recipe in the previous decade). The case continued for years. Eventually Coca-Cola decreased the caffeine content in this product and legal action was dropped. In 2012, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is again investigating a caffeine-containing product, the "energy drink," because of safety concerns. Several types of these caffeinated drinks are linked to unexpected deaths in apparently healthy persons, raising calls for closer scrutiny and possible regulation. Drinks containing both caffeine and alcohol were considered unsafe by the FDA in 2010 because the caffeine obscured "some of the sensory cues individuals might normally rely on to determine their level of intoxication." The swift change in public perception of energy drinks from harmless mild stimulant to lethal, unregulated drug is unprecedented. Energy drinks were introduced in the United States in 1997. Since then their popularity has increased: US residents consumed an estimated 2.3 billion energy drinks in 2005 and 6 billion in 2010. About 6% of young men in the United States report consuming a daily energy drink. In a recent survey of US overseas troops, 45% reported daily use.6 Sales of energy drinks in the United States increased 16% in a single year to almost $9 billion in 2011. Product labels for most energy drinks do not list their caffeine content. Many energy drinks contain "natural" ingredients, such as ginkgo or milk thistle, allowing these drinks to be regulated as "dietary supplements" rather than as medications. The 1994 Dietary Supplement and Education Act classifies products containing herbs and other natural ingredients as supplements rather than drugs, allowing manufacturers to side-step disclosure of caffeine dose, even though some brands do provide the information. In contrast, caffeine-containing products such as No-Doz and Caffedrine, marketed as over-the-counter drugs, are required to provide dose. The millions of persons consuming energy drinks seek more energy, alertness, or stamina yet may be unaware of the amount of caffeine they are ingesting. Consequently, unintentional caffeine overdoses have resulted in serious illness and rare deaths from caffeine poisoning.... Language: en


Liquid-phase catalytic degradation of waste high-density polyethylene (HDPE) over ZSM-5 (powder type (PW)) and ZSM-5+binder (granule type (GR)) has been investigated with a stirred semi-batch operation at 400°C. Two ZSM-5 catalysts with a different crystal size were synthesized and also each ZSM-5 (25%) Catalyst was mixed with a same binder (kaolin: silica sol: alumina


This chapter sets out contemporary and past conceptions of the political way. It shows how the political way conveys both positive and negative value. The negative evaluation of politics has generated projects to displace it, and to replace it with benevolent dictatorship, or with violent authority, or with economic freedom of exchange. But these and other projects can never be free of strategy, of questions about authority, or of the claims of publicity and accountability; so politics always returns. The chapter considers the analogies between theatre and politics, and the difficulty of equating political power with sovereignty.


AIM To evaluate the actions and significance of apoptosis in different grades of gliomas. METHODS The apoptosis index (AI) in 20 cases of low grade gliomas and 18 cases of high grade gliomas was detected by techniques of terminal deoxynucleotibyl transferase (TdT) mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). RESULTS TUNEL positive cells were present in all grades of gliomas. The low grade gliomas had a low AI compared with high grade gliomas (2.8±0.5 vs 5.6±1.2, P 0.01). The AI was significantly correlated with the glioma malignancy ( P 0.01). CONCLUSION Apoptotic index may be of value in distinguishing different malignancies of gliomas in clinical practice.


Facial plastic surgeons perform various reconstructive procedures in the nasal region following trauma and ablative surgery. Occasionally these procedures lead to postoperative scarring and contour deformities. Although dermabrasion has been used extensively in the nasal area as a treatment for acne scarring, its role as an adjunct for the refinement of primary procedures in this prominent region is often overlooked. Dermabrasion is invaluable as an ancillary tool for the treatment of localized irregularities following nasal reconstruction. In a retrospective study of patients' records from 1989 to 1992, 55 nasal reconstructive procedures were performed on 44 patients; 19 of these patients underwent postoperative dermabrasion. The most common procedure requiring dermabrasion was local flap reconstruction. Dermabrasion was also used as the primary reconstructive procedure for eight additional patients. A summary and discussion of the primary procedures, anatomical site, indications, timing, technique, postoperative course, and complications of dermabrasion following nasal reconstruction is included. In addition, the special anatomical and technical considerations and general indications for dermabrasion in the nasal region are addressed, as well as other available treatment options.


—The approach to probabilistic prediction of pipelines safety is proposed. The probability to lose "acceptable safety" may be predicted by modeling. The approach allows to estimate quantitative levels of risks, reveal "bottlenecks" and define rational recommendations to system preventive measures. The possibilities for revealing new latent effects for a given period "in future" and for quantitative rationale preventive measures of control during design and operation are demonstrated by examples.


In the last decades there has been a growing interest in the study of natural phenomena due to the climate changes and the intensification of natural disasters. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Changes has established that there is evidence that the greenhouse gasses produced by human activities significantly affected the environment and the global warming. Among all the topics investigated by the researchers, a special attention has been paid to the cryosphere because it represents one of the most important indicators of the climate changes. Many glaciers, the Greenland ice sheet, permafrost and frozen ground, snow cover and Arctic sea ice are exhibiting dramatic changes which alter the ecosystems and consequently the human life. The Earth climate is affected by the polar ice caps which are sensitive to the climate changes and directly influence the energy surface exchanges, clouds, precipitation, hydrological conditions, atmospheric and ocean dynamics. In this scenario, Antarctica plays a fundamental role on the global climate due to its surface (more than the double of Europe), low temperatures (which range from -90° up to -25°) and quantity of ice (the mean ice thickness is 1500 meters). Despite its high importance for the environment, Antarctica is the most unexplored and under-sampled area of the Earth due to the extreme environmental conditions which makes very hard the human presence. Part of these difficulties can be overcome by using remote sensing techniques which rely mainly on satellite measured data. In fact, these techniques almost prescind from the human presence and can be used to obtain estimation of the surface and subsurface characteristics. Up to now, only some attempts of estimating the surface temperature of the Antarctic Plateau have been made (mainly by using optical satellite sensors) and even less is known on subsurface temperature profiles. The measurement of the temperature of the deep snow layers is carried out in few sites only by means of instruments installed on boreholes. The use of microwave passive satellite sensors can make it possible the realization of sub-surface snow temperatures maps which can be useful to determine the spatial and temporal trends of the energy contained in the Antarctic snowpack and hence the evolution of the global warming. In fact, microwaves can penetrate the snowpack for tenths of meters. This latter feature is very important because, depending on the frequency, each wavelength carries information from different layers of the snowpack making possible to estimate some of the snow characteristics at various depths.


After the passing of this Jaw, from the angle of amelioration of women's condition, the tempo of social reform movement in India seems to have slowed down. Perhaps the only menticnable organised movement was by the Walter Krit Rajput Hitkharini Sa,bha in Rajasthan. This Sabha tried to suppress female infanticide and discouraged the taking of dowries among the Rajputs. On the other hand, the next hundred years were marked by revivalist movements which opposed all social reforms by Jaw. It was after a period of seventy or eighty years that the Sharda Act was passed to discourage child marriage and it was fully one hundred years after the widow remarriage law that the Hindu Jaw was modernised in the Hindu Code.


We describe the first continuous‐wave (CW) measurements of the upward‐going temperature wave in the self‐organized‐critical (SOC) state which forms in 4He under conditions of downward heat flow near Tλ under gravity. The CW technique permits measurements with extremely low (<1 nK) excitation amplitudes, allows continuous measurement of the wave velocity as the SOC state grows, and has yielded the first quantitative measurements of the attenuation. The CW measurements appear to support predictions for the velocity but disagree with predictions for the attenuation. This new technique may help us understand the underlying mechanism of the SOC state.


Why is developmentalism as an economic school aimed at the industrialisation of peripheral nations? Based on a reading of key authors from both the 'American System of political economy' of the 19th century and the Latin American structuralist and dependency schools of the 20th century, this article suggests that the answer lies, not in an economic, but in a political dimension: to ensure the material basis for national freedom. To sustain this hypothesis, the article argues that there is a common implicit conception of freedom shared by Alexander Hamilton, Henry Carey and Friedrich List, on the side of the American school, and Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Raúl Prebisch, Celso Furtado and Osvaldo Sunkel, from the Latin American school. This conception is heir to the idea of Machiavelli's Free State, its core is the notion of liberty as non-dependency and collective autonomy and identifies in industrialisation the way for a periphery to be able to live without depending on the arbitrary will of foreign powers. This definition differs from both the liberal and capability conceptions of freedom and allows for the identification of forms of domination that occur between nations and through the global market that requires the peripheries to erect autonomous collective productive capabilities for their overcoming.


Let ℒk (3 ≦ k < ℵ0) denote the lattice of clones of finitary operations on a k-element set. One interesting characteristic of the uncountable lattice ℒk is the minimum lk of the cardinalities of maximal chains in ℒk. It is known that for k prime lk = 5. In this paper the 5-element maximal chains contained in ℒk are investigated. It is proved that for k composite lk ≧ 6 while for k prime there are exactly (k–2)! (k + 4) 5-element maximal chains in ℒk, each closely related to a group operation.


Abstract A business educator can convert the dream of a sabbatical leave abroad into reality with proper planning and implementing. Major dimensions of planning that deserve attention include securing the opportunity abroad, assessing the financial implications, getting the sabbatical-leave approval, and resolving professional and personal obstacles. Major dimensions of implementation that deserve attention include traveling to the opportunity abroad, acquiring the necessities of life, becoming adjusted while abroad, and recognizing the leave-related consequences. The business educator who carefully plans and prudently implements a sabbatical leave abroad will enjoy a richly rewarding experience, the experience of a lifetime.


This article analyzes how Sushi,hesitating over whether to renounce o r enter the world,combined the Confucianists' ideology of renouncing with Taoist s' ideology of entering the world and made them into one.Also,it expounds the in fluence of the ideology on his prose creation both in content and form.


We consider entanglement properties of ground and thermal states of harmonic lattice systems. A theorem connecting entanglement between a region and the rest of the lattice with the surface area of the boundary between the two regions is presented for systems in arbitrary spatial dimensions. The behavior of the block entanglement in the field limit is analysed and a logarithmic divergence is recovered.


In present paper, the graphite(C C) ablating flow fields over a hypersonic reentry blunt body is simulated numerically using 3 D non equilibrium Navier Stokes equations with the C C/Air chemi cal model of 12 species 31 reactions. 3 D non equilibrium Navier Stokes equation were solved by the simple implicit TVD differencing scheme and the approach of capturing the shock. It was introduced that the equations of the wall boundary condition were solved explicitly for reducing the computational time. The steady state simulations were performed on a one meter nose radius sphere at an altitude of 65 km and at free stream velocity of 8km/s , and the distribution of the temperature and mass fraction of species along the stagnation line , the wall temperature and heat transfer rate were obtained at two attack angles of flight ( α =0° and α =5°),and the data at an attack angle of zero were compared well with references.


Limited evidence exists on longitudinal impacts of undernutrition on learning skills as adolescents mature. This study aimed to examine the effect of undernutrition in early adolescence on learning skills in late adolescence.

 We used longitudinal data from a project called UDAYA that surveyed 16,929 adolescents aged 10–19 years from Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, India in 2015–16 (wave 1) and again in 2018–19 (wave 2). Adolescents' ability to read a story and solve division problems at age 19–22 years was assessed using the Annual Status of Education Report tools. We characterized adolescents' nutrition status into 4 groups: never undernourished (e.g., not stunted in wave 1 and 2), recovered (e.g., stunted in in wave 1 but not stunted in wave 2), faltered (e.g., not stunted in wave 1 but stunted in wave 2), and persistent (e.g., stunted in both waves). These 4 groups were created for stunting, thinness, and anemia. We used multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for key demographics, environmental factors, and sampling design.

 Undernutriton was high (51% were anemic, 19% thin, and 36% stunted) in both survey rounds. Nearly one third of adolescents had persistent stunting or anemia, and 11% had persistent thinness. Compared to those who were never stunted, adolescents with persistent stunting had poorer reading (adjusted odds ratio: 0.66, 95% confidence interval: 0.53–0.83) and math (0.70, 0.56–0.89) skills. Reading ability was also poorer in adolescents who experienced growth faltering (0.61, 0.42–0.90) or who were stunted in wave 1 but not stunted in wave 2 (0.64, 0.44–0.93). Persistent thinness was negatively associated with reading (0.71, 0.54–0.93) but not math skills. Persistent anemia was also negatively associated with reading skills, but the association did not remain significant in the fully adjusted model.

 In a high poverty sample of Indian adolescents, persistent undernutrition during adolescence was associated with poor learning skill. Promisingly, most of those who recovered from undernutrition in the 2–3 year period between surveys showed catch-up in learning. Ensuring appropriate nutrition during this period of rapid physical and cognitive maturation will yield long-term dividends for wellbeing.

 Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.


ABSTRACT This study measures the effect of ethnic favoritism on primary education using data from the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey. In line with previous studies, this study confirms that having a coethnic president is expected to improve the likelihood of completing primary education. This study demonstrates that ethnic favoritism operates at the district level but not in the ethnic dimension, as only coethnics living in coethnic districts can benefit from it. Ethnic favoritism in the job market influences a demand-side mechanism of education by increasing the expectation of educational returns among coethnics in coethnic districts.


The purpose of the article. The purpose of the article is to study and demonstrate the influence of travel vlog on the development of tourism using the example of the authorial YouTube video hosting channels.
The methodology. The research methods were content and discourse analysis of travel vlogs from YouTube video hosting, as well as analysis of their structure and target audience.
The results. Ukrainian YouTube travel vlogs are an important leader of public opinion. This category of Internet bloggers has great potential for use in the promotion of Ukraine as a tourist destination, raising the level of awareness of Ukrainians with Ukraine, organizing leisure activities of Ukrainian citizens and foreign guests.
Analyzing the thematic rating of the videos, especially the latest ones, we came to the conclusion that the most relevant topics for the audience of the channels today are trips to different parts of Ukraine, including those in which there were military actions and which were under occupation, as evidenced by the number of views. Some topics are still silenced in the official media and are not widely discussed, despite the fact that these topics are really relevant for society, especially for young people, since the youth audience is the main audience on the Internet platform YouTube. We can express the hope that Ukrainian travel channels will continue to develop in this direction as a high-quality example of new media and will contribute to the formation of a new Ukrainian audiovisual culture.
It is also undeniable that, as part of Travel 2.0, travel blogs make life easier for consumers of travel services in many ways: they help to learn more about the destination and what it can offer the tourist; help to make decisions about certain destinations, add confidence in the choice. reduce the risks and uncertainties associated with travel planning, etc. Therefore, the blogosphere, in our case, YouTube video hosting, can be considered an effective tool for the development of tourism. Bloggers provide feedback and contribute to the development of the country as a modern and popular tourist destination, and their reviews, opinions, comments are sometimes a more reliable than information from the travel service providers themselves.
The scientific novelty. Consideration of tourism through the prism of audiovisual culture.
The practical significance. The materials of this article can be used to develop programs or strategies for the further development of tourism as an integral part of Ukrainian culture.