This paper presents a preliminary experimental result on a large-scale experiment on a cyber-physical hybrid discussion support environment in a panel discussion session in an international conference. Our research group has been studying supporting technologies for online large-scale discussions. Online large-scale discussion has been focused as a new methodology that enable people to discuss, argue, and make consensus in terms of political issues, social complex problems (like Climate Change), city planning, and so on. In several cases, we found that online discussions are very effective to gather people opinions and discussions so far. Moreover, in this paper, we propose a hybrid (cyber-physical) environment in which people can discuss online and also offline simultaneously. We conducted a large-scale experiment in a panel discussion session in an international conference where participants can discuss by using our online discussion support system and by physical communications as usual. We analyzed the obtained date from the following three viewpoints: Participants' cyber-physical attention, Keywords cyber-physical linkage, and Cyber-physical discussion flow. These three viewpoints indicate our methodology can be effective to support hybrid large-scale discussions.


Heritiera fomes, a mangrove species occurring in mangrove forest along Odisha coast, India is known for its ethnomedicinal uses for the treatment of gastrointestinal, hepatic and skin diseases etc. All the four solvent (acetone, ethanol, methanol and aqueous) extracts of leaf and stem powder showed antibacterial activity (11 mm to 22 mm) at 50 mg/ml concentration. Leaf extracts possess better antioxidant properties (90% scavenging) as compared to stem extracts with dose dependency. Phytochemical screening of extracts showed the presence of phenols, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids etc. Overall results indicated that extracts of H. fomes might be applicable in natural medicine and pharmaceutical industries for drug discovery.


The introduction of the audit supervision system in cadre management and supervision is an important measure for the party and the state to effectively supervise and restrict the power of the leading cadres. Fully understanding the significance of the duties of city and county governors in financial anditing by grasping the key point in anditing can help to promote the financial duty anditing work of the city and county governors in an all-round way.


Objective: To study the MDA change of ileal mucosa after irradiation. Methods: The 60Co was used to establish the animal model and the MDA level in ileal mucosa was detected. Results: The level of MDA in ileal was obviously increasedcompared with the control group. Conclusion: in overoxidant injure is found in the ileal mucosa after irradiation.


In simulative biological conditions, the interaction between N^6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-adenosine (HEA) and human serum albumin (HSA) to form a complex (HEA-HSA), resulting in a special change of the synchronous fluorescence of serum albumin. We have studied the characterization of synchronous fluorescence spectra of HEA-protein system with HEA as a probe, and the spectral characterization and intensity of synchronous fluorescence were related to the value of Δλ and reaction temperature, and so on. On basis of these, the new method of determination of proteins was developed with HEA as a probe. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the synchronous fluorescence intensities of HEA-HSA was in good proportion to the concentration of HSA in the range of 0~331.2μg•mL^(-1) and 331.2~579.6μg•mL^(-1), respectively. The detection limit was 4.43ng•mL(-1). Results suggested that the method possessed easy implementation, rapidity, high sensitivity, and so on, and the method was employed directly to determine the total proteins in serum albumin samples, and the results were satisfactory.


dynamic grouping system users of a communication network. The system has a tree organization in fixed settings of each user. These parameters correspond to a nomenclature identity or similarity index. The user registers in the system by indicating in addition to its intrinsic data and comfort data, also a primary fixed parameter which is the top of the tree which will depend on future other fixed parameters. A recording of the user, the system is a basic grouping of users with the same fixed parameter or similar fixed parameter. When the user makes a request with a parameter belonging to a tree level, the system groups in response users of a higher order group in the tree without making a combination of all the users registered in the system.


Co-ordination as one aspect of project management, should be carried out throughout the design/build process, and if done properly will lead to the full integration of building services with the building fabric. Particularly important is co-ordination in the early stages of a project, taking account of the functional aspects of the building. The ability to use particular techniques to co-ordinate the functional, spatial and information aspects of a project are shown to be limited by the influence of factors inherent in the industry. Because of these factors we are incurring greater costs than need be, and at the same time charging the client more for his building. Until the adverse effects of the influencing factors have been eliminated, attempts to improve co-ordination techniques will be thwarted. Fortunately steps are being taken at present to change some of these factors, e.g. New ACE Forms of Agreement and JCT Forms of Contract and the proposed revision to RIBA's Standard Conditions of Engagement. It is suggested that this degree of change may not be enough if we are to reap the benefits in the coming years of using computer systems as outlined in a computer scenario. The potential benefits of computers in improving our co-ordination techniques are enormous, but whether this potential is achieved will depend on our ability to adapt the influencing factors' so that the computer system can work efficiently.


This article presents the mathematical model for determination of thermophysical properties in dependence of temperature and volume. On this basis, to develop the model, we have used statistical thermomechanics to describe the influence of electromagnetic nature of electromagnetic forces. The analysis in presented article focused on virial coefficients as one of very important parameters.


This shaping device suitable for subjecting the extrudate linearly continuous cooling operation or a hot curing operation during its conformation is in the form of a tunnel (1) whose outer envelope incorporates internal channels (A ) which does not open within the casing and circulating a liquid or fluid temperature determined according to the selected operation of cooling or curing, which tunnel comprises internally mounted upright several shaping elements joined side by side other, each shaping element in the form of one-piece plastic laminate, comprising a central transverse passage calibrated shaping of the extruded product and during extrusion, and a first radiating array of gaseous fluid introduction, fixed temperature according to said selected operation, from lines (B) of distrib ution of gaseous fluid under internal pressure in the casing, towards the central passage and the outside of the extruded product being dragged in this passage, and a second radiating array suction of the gaseous fluid used for the central passage in the direction of lines (C) with internal suction to the envelope.


—A basic protein, soluble in 0·1 m‐perchloric acid, has been purified from brain of Macaca irus. The protein is homogeneous as indicated by ultracentrifugation, gel filtration, gel isoelectric focusing and gel electrophoresis at pH 2·9, 4·3 and 7·5. The molecular weight is estimated to be 16,000 by electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gels. This result is in agreement with the value of 16,728 obtained from the amino acid analysis. The protein dimerizes under alkaline conditions. The predominant amino acid is glycine (15%) and the protein also contains 4% cysteine. The ratio of acidic to basic amino acids is 1·6, but a high amide content gives the protein a basic character. An isoelectric point of 9·5 is observed in gel isoelectric focusing.


Several problems in signal processing can be approached as recursive identification problems for AR, ARMA or ARMAX models. The output error with extended estimation model adaptive algorithm is proposed and evaluated for real-time estimation of the parameters of the signal model. The applications of these techniques for the adaptive signal processing are presented. The theoretical aspects related to the convergence properties of this algorithm are also discussed.


This final chapter summarizes the main findings, wider planning implications and new research questions that have arisen from the research reported in this book. The research revealed considerable room for the improvement of accessibility instruments; in particular, with regards to lacking information and low transparency, and the need to provide real-time interaction capabilities and higher communicative value (by better visualization and spatialisation). Continuous engagement between instrument developers and planning practitioners has shown essential to achieve this. However, and regardless of these efforts, the use of accessibility instruments in practice appears fundamentally constrained by the absence of institutionalization of accessibility planning.


Warpage of electronic memories during manufacture ma f y be caused by differences in the coefficient of thermal expansion of the materials used: die, substrate, adhe sive, gold wire, epoxy mold compound (EMC) and solder balls. However, warpage is greatly affected by package design, dimensions of materials used in the assembly, process assembly steps, equipments, etc. Taking into consideration the Assembly process at Qimonda PT, several experiences were done, in order to reach the goals proposed in this study. Warpage of substrates was measured by profilometry 3D Nanofocus. After measuring substrates during the Assembly process flow, the results revealed that the critical steps, i.e., steps of the assembly process that have a larger impact on warpage and influence more manufacturing, were: Mold, Mold Cure and Solder Ball Attach (SBA). This was the first part of the study as well as the longest one. In all other experiences related with the identification of factors that might affect warpage, measurements t were limited to these critical steps. It was concluded that time and conditions of storage (clean room conditions and compartments under nitrogene flow), anti-warpage system and modifications on formulations of EMC were some of the factors that may affect warpage. This increased with time between the critical steps (in clean room conditions). Storage of the lots in compartments under nitrogene flow decreases warpage. Failure of anti-warpage can induce an increment of 200µm in warpage. Modifications in EMC shrinkage (by varying fillers cut dimensions) change the level of warpage. For 3 packages of different Silicon Ocupation Ratio (%SOR), the use of EMC formulation with minor shrinkage improved warpage in the critical steps. Other factors tested t have not showed any impact on warpage: different providers of substrates and forced cooling after Mold Cure. But, on the other hand, the use of forced cooling decreased the cycle time and may increase productivity.


Abstract:This article represents my first experience conceptualizing the therapeutic work of dual-diagnosis group therapy on a closed psychiatric ward. An initial understanding of the drug-use experience, in connection with psychoanalytic theory and the 12-step program of Narcotics Anonymous, is the foundation on which the group offered individuals a chance for recovery and rehabilitation.


The Medical Defence Union has asked the Irish government to insure in full the country's obstetricians; otherwise the doctors could face a huge increase in their insurance bills. Premiums are predicted to rise to £Ir350 000 (£281 000; $422 000) from July and doctors are expected to pay between a tenth and a fifth of the bill.

The government pays 80-90% of the current premium (as much as £Ir68 000) for the 90 consultant obstetricians working in public hospitals. The union said that it had approached other insurers in Ireland and elsewhere "but they cannot be persuaded to underwrite the risks of obstetric and gynaecological practice in Ireland."

The union's assessment was backed by the …


We apply adiabatic theorems developed for quantum mechanics to stochastic annealing processes described by the classical master equation with a time-dependent generator. When the instantaneous stationary state is unique and the minimum decay rate g is nonzero, the time-evolved state is basically relaxed to the instantaneous stationary state. By formulating an asymptotic expansion rigorously, we derive conditions for the annealing time T that the state is close to the instantaneous stationary state. Depending on the time dependence of the generator, typical conditions are written as T>const/g^a with 1const|ln g|/g^2.


The article explores the features of the legal regulation of bioenergy in the European Union, analyses the concepts of bioenergy and biofuels in Ukrainian and European legislation and highlights the main provisions of the European Union Directives, concerning the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources, including biomass. In particular, bioenergy has been identified in the EU as the leading source of renewable energy for heating and cooling (88 per cent of all RES), representing 16 per cent of the total European final energy consumption in this sector. Consequently, in view of the demand for and the need to use such a resource, the EU legislative framework contains a number of principles (bases) and mandates for regulating the relationship in the area of manufacturing, handling and decontamination of waste biofuels as a primary feedstock for bioenergy. In particular, the fundamental principles of the EU bioenergy legislation are, first, the principle of sustainable production and consumption of biomass, and second, the prevention of reduction of negative impacts from the use of this resource, Third, increasing the share of alternative energy sources to 75 % of final energy consumption by 2050. Keywords: bioenergy, permanence, alternative energy sources, biofuels


Objective To explore the network screening procedure and management process of early detection of autism spectrum disorder(ASD),study the community screening and management mode of early detection of ASD,and provide advantages for early intervention of ASD children. Methods Management center of early diagnosis of ASD was established,community screening network and management process were set up,then guidance and training of community screening and management techniques were performed and combined secondary and tertiary screening and diagnosis. Results 1)The primary screening rate of ASD of community level network increased from 20.19%(2013)to 33.68%(2014)with increasing trend year by year.Positive rate reminded between 4‰ to 6‰;Diagnosis rate rose from 0.41 ‰ to 0.95 ‰.2)38suspected children were intervened in early diagnostic center of ASD within two years. Conclusions The establishment of early diagnosis and management center of ASD improves the primary screening rate of pediatric doctors in communities to ASD and the referral rate,which is beneficial for early detection of ASD children,and it provides an optimal opportunity for early intervention of ASD children.It is a practical and feasible management mode.


With the pushing of China'industrilization, industry withdrawing in some fields is becoming common. In this paper, some basic problems about industry declining such as inherent law, nature and standard were discussed; China's situation of industry withdrawing and its way were analysed; Some suggestions in making policies of industry withdrawing and how to set up a mechanism to help withdrawing industry were put forward.


The nu-bar/sub e/ spectrum has been computed for fission-product decay following a 30-d irradiation of /sup 235/U by thermal neutrons. Estimated uncertainties lie in the range (7--15)% for E/sub nu-bar/ ..n+e/sup +/) = 58 +- 3, sigma(nu-bar/sub e/+d..-->..n+p+nu-bar/sub e/) = 2.7 +- 0.2, and sigma(nu-bar/sub e/+d..-->..n+n+e/sup +/) = 1.04 +- 0.13.


As a result of the study, it was found that application of the TRANSYT-7F program, to the already coordinated systems, did not improve traffic flow. However, changing from an actuated to a fixed-time coordinated signal system did improve traffic flow. This change caused the percent of vehicles stopping to decrease 8%. This finding is consistent with other studies that have found a larger improvement when changing from uncoordinated signal systems to a coordinated signal system than when optimizing a coordinated signal system. Another finding of the study had to do with the relationship between vehicle stops and CO concentrations. This relationship indicates that a ten percent reduction in the number of vehicles stopping would result in a five to seven percent reduction in carbon monoxide concentration depending on the total number of vehicles entering the intersection and the wind speed. (Author)


As the epidemic of relapsing fever gained ground, and it was found impossible to provide accommodation in the Fever Hospital and other isolated departments of the workhouse for the increasing number of cases, a Special Committee of the Select Vestry was nominated to make further hospital provision, and to take this matter under its special charge. Its admirable arrangements shall be detailed in a future paper. My object in referring to the appointment, based as it was on the satisfactory results of the labours of a similar Committee during the cholera epidemic of i866, is to record the valuable services which .the Committee has rendered at the present juncture, and to urge the desirableness of such a Board-a special Board-being constituted in other localities when visited by epidemic disease. This Committee, together with the members of the Workhouse Committee, held a special meeting on August 31st, for conference with the district medical officers of the town, to ascertain their views as to the propriety of treating patients in their own homes, as the hospital accommodation was becoming exhausted. Provision had already been made for nearly eight hundred patients; but there were seven hundred and thirty-one in the wards on that day, and the admissions were daily increasing in number. The Committee, moreover, was anxious to obtain information as to the location and spread of the disease in the several districts, in order to form an estimate as to the probability of a further increase, and that further hospital accommodation might be provided, if thought desirable. The information furnished by the medical officers was of considerable value. It was ascertained that the disease appeared in the first instance in one of the most densely populated parts of the town, in a district inhabited by the lowest class of labourers, where the streets and courts are foul and ill-ventilated. The area of which Dr. De Zouche is the district medical officer is notorious as being the chief seat of epidemic disease, typhus being rarely absent from its precincts. Dr. De Zouche stated that he had observed cases of relapsing fever in the early part of the year, and had seen one case, if not more, at the latter end of last year. He recommended the early separation of the sick, and uniformly advised the patients to go into hospital. He invariably found that the disease spread to the adjoining houses when the patients refused to go, and was satisfied that it was highly contagious. During the previous four weeks, his numbers were about stationary, but still maintained the highest point. Dr. Paterson, in whose district the largest number of cases had occurred, composed as it is of the same class of streets and residents as the former, but covering a larger area, corroborated Dr. De Zouche's views as to the contagious nature of the fever. He found that, when a case occurred in a house, it spread through the family; and, as the houses are generally inhabited by two or more families, they in their turn became also affected. He strongly advised the early removal of patients. Drs. Anderson and Fisher referred to a steady increase in their districts, and particularly in inhabited cellars. Dr. IPrytherch stated that there was a considerable increase in his district; that the disease did not spread from one centre, but appeared in several parts simultaneously. Dr. Garthside, whose district is situated in the most elevated part of the town, embracing but few densely populated streets, had not had as many cases as the other gentlemen. lIe was convinced that the disease spread from centres, but thought it was the result of atmospheric influences, and not direct contagion. Ile did not deny the contagious character of the fever. Dr. Sinclair spoke strongly on the importance of the early removal of patients, with the view of stamping out the disease. Dr. Finegan believed that the disease was propagated by contagion, but favoured by the filthy condition of the people. He did not recommend an increase of hospital accommodation, as he thought patients might be isolated in their own dwellings, and be properly attended to there. Dr. Robertson, who has charge of the temporary hospital in Ashfield Street, in addition to a district of the town, stated that in every case but one, out of eighty-seven investigated by him, he could trace the disease as having been communicated by others. Hie strongly recommended isolation. Drs. Caldwell and Lowndes concurred with their colleagues in regard to the contagiousness of the fever. They stated that their districts were not exhausted, though dotted throughout with cases. They had several unhealthy streets in which the disease had not yet appeared. The obvious conclusions to be drawn from the statements of these gentlemen were: I. That relapsing fever is highly contagious. 2. That the epidemic was confined to persons who reside in close dwellings in thickly populated localities, and who are regardless of personal cleanliness. 3. That the districts were not as yet exhausted, as portions of each had not been visited. 4. That, with one exception, the medical officers advised the early removal of patients to hospital. The Committee, at the termination of the interview, decided by a large majority in favour of erecting another shed, capable of holding sixty cases, in near proximity to the Kirkdale temporary hospital. It is worthy of notice, that no reference was made by the district medical officers to destitution as a remote or proximate cause of the disease. It is also singular, when the contagious character of the disease is considered, that it had not extended to the better classes. It was not met with in the private practice of these gentlemen, residing as they do in different parts of the town, who consequently are a fair representation of medical practice in general.


107 Literature review Petroleum products are basic building blocks of modern life. Uses of petroleum products in gold mining include fuels (petroleum liquids i.e. petrol and diesel), lubricants (oil and grease) and manufactured goods such as plastic and rubber. For the purpose of this investigation, petroleum products refer to petrol, oil and diesel. Figure 1 shows the typical daily uses of petroleum products and the percentages of the various uses of petroleum products. The main constituents of petroleum products (petrol, diesel and oil) can be subdivided into five main groups of organic compounds (any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon) (Thompson et al., 2003): • Napthalenes (cycloparaffins and cycloalkanes) • Normal paraffins (normal alkanes) • Iso-paraffins (iso-alkanes) • Aromatics • Nitrogen, sulphur, oxygen compounds (NSOs). Petroleum products represent a category of potential pollutants that have been largely overlooked by legislation in South Africa despite their harmful effects on the environment. There is an urgent need for the assessment of impacts caused by human activities because the use of petroleum products in order to manage and mitigate these impacts (Usher et al., 2004). Of all the types of petroleum products, petroleum liquids (oil, petrol and diesel) are a major problem to the environment as they are the ones that get released to the environment due to spills, leaking tanks, and overfills (Phophi, 2004). Mining activities such as the storage of petroleum on the underground or on the surface, overfilling, and spillages lead to the cause of contamination in the environment. If not carefully managed, the storage of petroleum products (mostly petrol and diesel) poses a threat to the environment when releases to the environment occur (Usher, 2004). A study carried out by the South African oil industry estimated that approximately 9.6% of the underground storage tanks are currently leaking (the life expectancy of underground storage tanks ranges from 8 to 27 years with an average expectancy of 17 years). In Driefontein Gold Mine, 4 surface storage tanks and 18 underground storage tanks exist. If leaks occur these tanks have the potential to release petroleum hydrocarbons to the environment and thus cause pollution (Usher, 2004). One of the causes of the impacts caused by petroleum products on the environment are due to the use of leaded petrol which leads to contamination of soil, surface water and underground water. As a result, in 2002 a commitment was made by the Southern African Development Community (SADC) member countries to use environmental friendly fuels and phase out leaded petrol. South Africa phased out leaded petrol as part of the agreement. Although leaded petrol was phased out by current legislation, the historical impacts caused by these may still exist as part of gold mining. RAMPHISA, P. and MEEUWIS, J The use of petroleum products in gold mining—environmental impacts and cost implications. World Gold Conference 2009, The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2009.


We propose halfspace depth concepts for scatter, concentration and shape matrices. For scatter matrices, our concept extends the one from Chen, Gao and Ren (2015) to the non-centered case, and is in the same spirit as the one in Zhang (2002). Rather than focusing, as in these earlier works, on deepest scatter matrices, we thoroughly investigate the properties of the proposed depth and of the corresponding depth regions. We do so under minimal assumptions and, in particular, we do not restrict to elliptical distributions nor to absolutely continuous distributions. Interestingly, fully understanding scatter halfspace depth requires considering different geometries/topologies on the space of scatter matrices. We also discuss, in the spirit of Zuo and Serfling (2000), the structural properties a scatter depth should satisfy, and investigate whether or not these are met by the proposed depth. As mentioned above, companion concepts of depth for concentration matrices and shape matrices are also proposed and studied. We illustrate the practical relevance of the proposed concepts by considering a real-data example from finance.


Objective  To calculate the frequency of thyroid disorders in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Methods The cross-sectional study was conducted in Dermatology department, Sir Syed College of Medical Sciences and Sir Syed Hospital, Karachi. Study period was 6 months from 1st June 2017 to 30th November 2017. Clinically diagnosed or biopsy proven 112 cases of chronic plaque psoriasis with or without arthritis, of either gender, age 18 years and above were included via non-probability consecutive sampling technique.  Serum free T3, free T4 and TSH levels were performed and results were recorded. Results In my study, the mean age was 43.51±13 years. Mean duration of disease was 7.75 years. Out of 112 patients, 53 (47.3%) were male and 59 (52.7%) were female. 52 (46.4%) patients had type I while 60 (53.6%) had type II plaque psoriasis. Psoriatic arthritis was present in 54 (48.2%) and absent in 58 (51.8%) patients. Mean BMI was 27±5.9 kg/m2 and 71 (63.4%) patients were obese. 17 (15.2%) patients were found to have thyroid disorders (P=<0.001); among these 13 patients had subclinical hypothyroidism. Thyroid function abnormalities were more commonly found in females (P=0.014). But no association of thyroid function abnormalities was noted with age of patients, type of plaque psoriasis, presence of psoriatic arthritis, duration of disease and BMI. Conclusion This study suggests that thyroid disorders and subclinical hypothyroidism are frequent among psoriasis patients. Thyroid function abnormalities are statistically associated with female sex but not with age of patients, type of plaque psoriasis, presence of psoriatic arthritis, duration of disease and BMI.


The construction and evaluation of a new self-report depression inventory was presented. Altogether 833 subjects participated in the various phases of thestudy. A sequential item selection strategy resulted in an inventory that provided separate scores for ten subscales: Sad Mood, Fatigue, Learned Helplessness, Guilt, Pessimism. Social Introversion, Irritability, Instrumental Helplessness, Low Self-Esteem, and Cognitive Difficulty. Internal consistency and testretest reliability were satisfactory. Concurrent validity of the full scale was demonstrated by high correlations with existing measures. Criterion related validity and face validity were also demonstrated. It was concluded that the new inventory might prove to bea useful research tool for studying depression in normal populations. and the need for further evaluation of psychometric properties in normal and clinical populations was noted. The purpose of the present study is to report on the development of a new self-report inventory of depression! including the procedures used in the construction, and the evaluation of internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and preliminary validity evidence. Although a variety of depression inventories have been constructed over the years (for reviews see Berndt, 1979; Meyer, 1977), the present study presents an inventory which provides a unique combination of features not available in any one existing measure. First, a primary emphasis of the new instrument is an attempt at reliable quantification of several individual symptoms in a self-report format. Most inventories of depression provide only a global evaluation of severity of depression. O'Connor, Stefic, and Gresock (1957) were the first to suggest a multiple score approach for assessment of depression, after finding several dimensions in a factor analysis of Hathaway and McKinley's (1942) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality D Scale. Since then The authors express their appreciation to Emil Posavac for his help in various phases of the project. In addition, thanks are expressed to Alan DeWolfe for suggestionson the manuscript. and Charles Kaiser for providing the normatwe data from the College of Charleston. I Requests for copies of the inventory and character sketches should be sent to David John Berndt, whoseaddress is given at the end of the article. a few measures have been proposed which attempt a multiscore approach (Hunt, Singer, & Cobb, 1967; McNair, Lorr, & Droppelman, 1971; Wessman & Ricks, 1966). The instrument by Hunt et al. (1967), despite its length, reported subscales with unacceptably low reliabilities and has not been widely used. Wessman and Ricks (1966) have provided a useful state measure of several moods; however their items were selected on a purely rational basis. The inventory proposed in the present study was designed as a trait measure, and as such should complement the scales of Wessman and Ricks. In addition, the proposed multiscore inventory employed Jackson's (1970) psychometric methodology to utilize the best of both the rational approach, such as that employed by Wessman and Ricks, and the rigorous empirical analyses that typify the work of Lorr (McNair, Lorr, & Droppleman, 197 1). A second consideration was the need for a depression measure designed for use with normal populations. A search of articles published in the Journal of Abnormal Psychology and the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology for the years 1977 and 1978 revealed that out of 38 studies which examined some facet of depression, 23 (61%) used college students as subjects. Yet nearly D o w n l o a d e d B y : [ U S C U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a ] A t : 0 6 : 4 2 8 N o v e m b e r 2 0 0 9 D. J. BERNDT, T. P. PETZEL. and S. M. BERNDT 397 all of the 4,612 students who participated in the 23 studies were assessed with an instrument designed for use with a clinical population, usually Beck's (1967) Depression Inventory (BDI), or Zung's (19,55) Self-Rating Depression Scale. Although the validity of the BDI has been extended to college students (Bumberry, Oliver, & McClure, 1978), neither instrument was designed for use with normal populations, and the result has been a floor effect for low scores, and item content sometimes inappropriate, if not insulting, to someone experiencing less severe depression (Froese, Vasquez, Cassem, & Hackett, 1974; Salzman, Kochansky, & Shader, 1972). Consequently, the instrument presented in the current study was both constructed and initially evaluated on a population of college students. The present study, then, reports on the construction and initial evaluation of the research form of a new inventory of depression, the Multiscore Depression Inventory (MDI). In order to keep the MDI from being unreasonably long, and yet achieve the goal of reliable quantification of different symptoms, it was necessary to attempt the difficult task of choosing a small number of symptoms that would adequately represent the domain of depression relevant symptoms. It is beyond the scope of the present paper to present the evidence for selection of each specific symptom, and the interested reader is referred to a more thorough discussion in a manuscript by the senior author (Berndt, 1979). Several considerations, however, played a general role in the rational decision process by which ten symptoms were eventually selected. First, an attempt was made to include symptoms from the various dimensions indicated by factor and cluster analyses. Zung (1965) derived the items for his depression inventory in this manner. His task was relatively easy, since he synthesized only three studies, whereas today there are a variety of perspectives and conflicting methodologies which leave the dimensional structure of depression an unresolved question (Kendell, 1976). Secondly, the various typologies and classification systems were scrutinized for cardinal symptoms. Another criterion was the critical emphasis some symptoms received in the major t heories of depression. An important factor was also a review of depression inventories to determine how often other scales included the symptoms. In the end, however, the utlimate selection of the ten symptoms was a rational rather than an empirical process. The result was the selection of ten symptoms which were considered adequately representative of depression relevant symptoms in general. All symptoms were conceptualized as relatively enduring tendencies, although it was recognized that, by definition, moods and symptoms were also subject to change over time. The ten symptoms included in the research version of the MDI were Sad Mood, Low Self-Esteem, Fatigue, Guilt, Cognitive Difficulty, Pessimism, Social Introversion, Irritability, and two kinds of Helplessness: Learned and Instrumental. The distinction between the two kinds of helplessness requires clarification. Learned Helplessness (Abramson, Seligman, & Teasdale, 1978; Seligman, 1975) refers here to a generalized tendency to regard reinforcement and responding as independent of one another. The Learned Helplessness scale is intended to tap tendencies generalizing across both time and situations, and includes concomitant affective components not tapped elsewhere in the MDI, particularly anhedonia and lack of motivation. Instrumental Helplessness is quite different conceptually, and implies, if anything, a greater than normal sensitivity to reinforcement contingencies, at least those that have interpersonal significance to the subject. An instrumentally helpless role is assumed when there is a perceived deficit in social reinforcements. Persons high on the Instrumental Helplessness scale should be dependent, perhaps manipulative, and certainly demanding. Similar concepD o w n l o a d e d B y : [ U S C U n i v e r s i t y o f S o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a ] A t : 0 6 : 4 2 8 N o v e m b e r 2 0 0 9 A MuIriscore Depression Inventor,~. tualizations of the role of helplessness in depression are reflected in the writings of various theorists (Adler, 1961; Bonime, 1966). Instrumental Helplessness, while similar to the conceptualization by Sacco and Hokanson (1978), differs in that implied here is a broader construct including solicitation of positive reinforcement, as well as avoidance of aversive stress.


Traditionally, adoption in the Old Babylonian Period has been viewed from a strictly legal perspective (David 1927, Klima 1940, Westbrook 1993). Only recently has a study focusing on social and economic aspects of adoption in Old Babylonian Nippur appeared (Stone/Owen 1991). The present article aims to lay a basis for a study of adoption as a socio-economic phenomenon in Old Babylonian Sippar. It presents the Sipparean corpus of adoption documents and, as a first reconnaissance of the corpus, analyzes its composition and some of its salient features. The study includes two case studies that illustrate socio-economic motives for adoption.


The Cooperation of flocculation in the biochemical treatment of pulp CEH bleaching effluents was investigated through the change of high and low weight molecular composition 、toxicity and COD of effluents in the flocculation process, the result showed that in the chemical process the high weight molecular composition and toxicity can be effectively removed, which enhanced the following biological process.


This paper introduces an accurate fault distance determination for distribution network utilizing the positive and negative sequence voltage ratio. The distribution characteristics of the ratio between positive and negative sequence voltage (RPN) in the whole network is used to determine the fault segment, and then the RPN of the two ends of the fault section or the first two points of the segment is used to acquire the fault distance. The RPN of the corresponding points on the fault path can be known through the data of measurement point at the end of the non-faulty path, which solves the problem that it is hard to acquire information directly from both ends of the faulted section in the existing double-end location method. The proposed method has been verified by IEEE34 node system to achieve accurate location of asymmetric faults in distribution networks rich in clean energy resources, and its location performance is not influenced by the system grounding modes, and it has strong robustness to measurement errors, fault resistance and load changes, and shows better results on high resistance faults.


Bedding layers are well-developed in shale and recognized to enhance the complexity of the hydraulic fracture network. A micromechanical evaluation approach of shale bedding layers based on indentation testing techniques was proposed. Rock thin section identification and scanning electron microscope were utilized to describe the shale laminations. To capture high-resolution image with large area and ensure abundant morphology and mineral information, Atlas 5 system, which could create large mosaic images, was applied. Combined with FIB, a method for positioning the laminations in SEM and accurately navigate to it in the micromechanics experiment was established. Fractures were emphasized to be initiated and extend in the clay mineral layers. It can be explained that the flaky structure of clay mineral is beneficial for the extension of fracture. It will become more potential to connect with the fluid-driven fractures. Nanoindentation was conducted to obtain micromechanical properties in different lamination layers. Results verify the feasibility of this scheme and demonstrate fine-grained, transition and coarse-grained layers. Indentation results show variation in micromechanical properties of coarse-grained layer, the transition layer and the fine-grained layers. The present work is helpful to identify shale bedding layers from micromechanical evalutions.


: The Qur'an, the book that was sent down by God, definitely has a lot of uniqueness. It covers a variety of disciplines that are beneficial for human beings. Biological Sciences to study the structure, function, growth, origin, evolution and distribution of living things are disciplines included in the Qur'an. Generally, biological sciences are divided into several areas including anatomy, biophysics, biogeography, biochemistry, marine biology, molecular biology, cell biology, botany, biotechnology, physiology, microbiology, paleontology, pathology, virology and zoology. There are many verses in the Qur'an related to biology. Modern sciences has revealed a number of unique issues mentioned in the Qur'an from a scientific perspective. This study aim at pointing out some of the verses in the Qur'an that are associated with areas of biology related to human senses, the uniqueness of fingerprints, human skin, bacteria and viruses, female biology, seed germination and propagation of human progeny. Results of the survey show that there are many Qur'anic verses that were revealed by God in relation to Biological Sciences.


Abstract Accurate estimation of precipitation in mountain catchments is challenging due to its high spatial variability and lack of measured ground data. Weather radar can help to provide precipitation estimates in such conditions. This study investigates the differences between measured and radar-estimated daily precipitation in the mountain catchment of the Jalovecký Creek (area 22 km2, 6 rain gauges at altitudes 815–1900 m a.s.l.) in years 2017–2020. Despite good correlations between measured and radar-based precipitation at individual sites (correlation coefficients 0.68–0.90), the radar-estimated precipitation was mostly substantially smaller than measured precipitation. The underestimation was smaller at lower altitude (on average by –4% to –17% at 815 m a.s.l.) than at higher altitudes (–35% to –59% at 1400–1900 m a.s.l.). Unlike measured data, the radar-estimated precipitation did not show the differences in precipitation amounts at lower and higher altitudes (altitudinal differences). The differences between the measured and radar-estimated precipitation were not related to synoptic weather situations. The obtained results can be useful in preparation of more accurate precipitation estimates for the small mountain catchments.


Objective To explore the positive rates of p53 and c-erbB-2 expression in gastric cancer and their relationship with tumor invasion.Methods SP immunohistochemistry was used to detect the positive rates of p53 and c-erbB-2 expression in 139 gastric cancer excisional speciments.Results The expression of p53 and c-erbB-2 in gastric cancer started respectively at the time when tumor was limited in the mucosal tissue and invaded the submucosa.Comparing the positive rates of p53 in gastric cancer with different invading depths,only the distinction between the group of tumor invading or exceeding serous membrane and the group of mucosal carcinoma(P0.01)or the group of submucous carcinoma(P0.05) was obvious.The others were not statistically significant.But the positive rate of c-erbB-2 in each group was dissimilar evidently(P0.01).The relation of the positive rates between c-erbB-2 and p53 was significant(P0.05).When p53 and c-erbB-2 were expressed in gastric cancer in different manners,the depth of invasion was distinct:the group of p53+c-erbB-2+or p53-c-erbB-2+the group of p53+c-erbB-2-the group of p53-c-erbB-2-(P0.05).But the distinction between the groups of p53+c-erbB-2+and p53-c-erbB-2+was not statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion The expression of p53 and c-erbB-2 expression in gastric cancer were coincident.The mutation of oncogene c-erbB-2 or anti-oncogene p53 may have independent role in gastric cancer invasion,and there is not synergism between them.Then gastric cancer cases expressed by c-erbB-2 were more invasive than those expressed by p53.


careful in assembling his material. The religion of Presbyterian Geneva should certainly not be classed as a "priestly" one, in the same category with Catholic Rome. Under Calvin Geneva attained a high moral stature for its day. One wonders how the Methodists have received the astonishing news from this writer that they used Scriptural authority to prove the doctrine of "the perseverance of the saints" !


Patients with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) present with evidence of excessive adrenal steroid hormone in approximately 60% of cases, in which rapidly progressing Cushing's syndrome with or without virilization is the most frequent presentation. Some patients experience an increase or a decline in cortisol production through the progression of their ACC. We report on an unusual case of a cortisol-producing ACC, and the patient presented with a decline in cortisol production, followed by an increase in cortisol production, through the progression of the tumor. A 65-year-old woman who manifested with facial edema and weight gain was diagnosed with Cushing's syndrome, caused by cortisol producing ACC. The patient was treated with adrenalectomy. However, 8 months later, a metastatic hepatic tumor of recurred ACC was detected. At that time, the hormonal evaluation revealed that the liver mass did not produce any hormones. The patient was treated with metastatectomy. Four months later, a relapsed tumor was detected. Increased cortisol production was observed at that time. We speculate there was a change in the clonal dominance within the ACC and this change might cause such a difference. This is the first case report of ACC that showed variable hormone production during progression. (J Kor Endocrinol Soc 21:419~423, 2006)


This paper examines the impact of debt financing and growth on investment behavior for listed companies in A-share and Hong Kong market.The empirical results show that there is a significantly negative correlation between the debt and the investment of listed firms in A-share and Hong Kong market,in particular for low growth firms.For low growth firms,this negative correlation in A-share market is more significant than in Hong Kong market,and this negative correlation of Chinese firms listed in Hong Kong is more significant than of Hong Kong local firms.


The situation of zero-failure data may occur in the reliability life test of an electronic product when it has a high quality or the test time and fund are limited. In this case,when the prior distribution is Gamma distribution,the hierarchical Bayesian estimation for the failure rate is perfermed after introducing the failure information and calculation is carried out regarding to the practical problem.


Table of Contents: CHAPTER 1 FOUNDATIONS OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION Nonverbal Communication within a Larger Framework Why Study Nonverbal Communication? Contrasting Verbal and Nonverbal Communication The Nature of Nonverbal Communication Summary CHAPTER 2 NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION DEVELOPMENT: A REFLEXIVE APPROACH The Reflexive Cycle of Nonverbal Communication Development Codes of Nonverbal Communication Nonverbal Sending and Receiving Ability Summary CHAPTER 3 ENVIRONMENT AS NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION: OUR PERCEPTIONS AND REACTIONS Environment as Nonverbal Communication Perceptions of Environment Reactions to Environment Perceptions of Time Perceptions of Color Perceptions of Sound Perceptions of Lighting Perceptions of Smell Perceptions of Temperature Environment in Popular Culture and Media Understanding Environment: Applying the Reflexive Cycle of Nonverbal Communication Development Summary CHAPTER 4 PROXEMICS: OUR USE OF SPACE Proxemics as Nonverbal Communication Factors Influencing the Management of Space Territoriality Crowding and Density Privacy Management: A Different View of Proxemics Understanding Proxemics: Applying the Reflexive Cycle of Nonverbal Communication Development Summary CHAPTER 5 PHYSICAL APPEARANCE: THE BODY AS NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION Physical Appearance as a Nonverbal Communication Code Physical Attractiveness The Body Clothing Artifacts Modifying the Body Understanding Physical Appearance: Applying the Reflexive Cycle of Nonverbal Communication Development Summary CHAPTER 6 KINESICS: BODY MOVEMENT, GESTURES, AND POSTURE Do the Locomotion Stand Up for Yourself Walk the Walk Be Seated More Than a Gesture Applications of Kinesics Research Understanding Kinesics: Applying the Reflexive Cycle of Nonverbal Development Summary CHAPTER 7 FACE AND EYES: REVEALING, MODIFYING, AND DECEIVING Facial and Eye Behavior as Nonverbal Communication Significance of Facial Behavior Acquisition and Development of Facial Expression Managing Facial Expressions Modifying the Face Significance of Eye Behavior Forms of Eye Behavior Modifying the Eyes Lying Eyes (and Faces): Nonverbal Cues of Deception Understanding Facial and Eye Behavior: Applying the Reflexive Cycle of Nonverbal Development Summary CHAPTER 8 TOUCH: OUR BODIES IN CONTACT The Power of Touch Touch Ethic Touch and Human Development Types of Touch Gauging the Appropriateness of Touch Applications of Haptics Research Understanding Haptics: Applying the Reflexive Cycle of Nonverbal Development Summary CHAPTER 9 VOCALICS: OUR VOICES SPEAK NONVERBAL VOLUMES Production of Voice Properties and Qualities of the Voice Applications of Vocalics Research Understanding Vocalics: Applying the Reflexive Cycle of Nonverbal Communication Development Summary CHAPTER 10 NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION AND THE INTERNET Cyberspace: An Evolving Context for Communication The Nonverbal Self Online Nonverbal Dimensions of Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) CMC Versus Face-to-Face (FtF) Communication The Virtual Body Summary CHAPTER 11 NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION IN PROFESSIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL CONTEXTS Nonverbal Communication in Two Everyday Contexts The Importance of Nonverbal in Professional Contexts Getting the Job On the Job Leadership and Nonverbal Communication Nonverbal Communication in Educational Contexts Learning Environments Teacher Nonverbal Communication Student Nonverbal Communication Summary CHAPTER 12 NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION: GENDER, INTIMATE RELATIONSHIPS, AND SEXUALITY Effects of Sex and Gender on Nonverbal Communication Nonverbal Cues in Intimate Relationships Nonverbal Cues and Sexuality Summary


Methyl esters of vitamin A1 and A2 acids were synthesized by the base-catalyzed desulfination of the C20 skeletons 2a and 2b derived from the coupling reaction between 3a or 3b and the bromo compound 5.


With a large number of distributed generators and other power electronic devices integrated into power transmission and distribution (T&D) networks, co-simulation is essential for the simulation of power networks which contain more details. Multiple modeling methods are employed for simulating large-scale T&D networks. Among them, dynamic phasor (DP) modeling is getting attention in the process of realizing the fast simulation, due to the benefits of having large time step and adopting parallel computation. This paper develops a model for co-simulation of power transmission and distribution networks by utilizing DP models. Besides, a test case of the T&D networks is employed to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the developed method both in steady state and fault conditions. The results indicate that the developed model for co-simulation improves the calculation efficiency under the condition of ensuring accuracy.


The more reliability and timeliness are required in wireless body area networks( WBAN) compared to traditional wireless sensor networks,and all the packets are needed to be reliable. A timely and reliable protocol( AODVRT) is presented,considering limited memory resource of the node and the priority of the WBAN data,it guarantees reliability and timeliness utilizing error recovery of E2E( End-To-End),HBH( Hop-By-Hop),and combining E2E with HBH. The alarm data,which has highest priority,is cached at each node along the route path. The HBH error recovery is provided firstly; Then the error recovery combining E2E with HBH is provided for lower RSSI( Received Signal Strength Indicator) node to caching higher priority data packet at the previous node,and finally the ETE error recovery is adopted for lower priority packet. The performance analysis and simulation experiment indicate that our protocol is more advantaged then similar MAODV-SIM in packet delivery ratio,end-to-end delay and energy consumption.


Two kinds of ultrahigh-molecular-weight linear polyethylene (UHMW PE), together with conventional high-density polyethylene (HDPE), were subjected to β irradiation, and changes in their properties were monitored. Elastic modulus increased steadily with dose for all materials, as did the yield stress. A dramatic rise of density with dose was observed in the UHMW PE specimens accompanied by a corresponding increase in heat of fusion, x-ray crystallinity, and peak melting temperature. The magnitude of such changes in HDPE was much smaller. In UHMW PE specimens, the x-ray long period simultaneously decreased but crystal thickness remained constant. No changes in long period occurred in HDPE. The effects are attributed to the scission of tie molecules in UHMW PE followed by a growth in the perfection of the crystal lamellae, and suggest a method for assessing the tie-molecule content of such materials.


9106 Background: Immune-checkpoints inhibitors (ICIs) have clearly improved prognosis of metastatic lung squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, while their benefit remains uncertain in patients (pts) with rare NSCLC histotypes (RH). The study aim was to evaluate ICIs efficacy in RH. Methods: We retrospectively collected data from consecutive metastatic NSCLC pts treated with ICIs at our Institution from 4/2013 to 12/2018. Objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were assessed. Fisher's exact test was used to compare ORR and DCR in RH versus not-RH (NRH). Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were estimated by Kaplan-Meier and Cox progression hazard models. Results: Of 268 pts, 31 (11.6%) had RH: 16 sarcomatoid, 7 pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma, 4 large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and 4 adenosquamous carcinoma. In RH group, median age was 67 years old (range 41-81), most were males (71%) and smokers (90.3%); ECOG PS was: 0 (16.1%), 1 (67.8%) and 2 (16.1%). PD-L1 < 1%, 1-49%, ≥50% and unknown expression were reported in 22.6%, 19.3%, 35.5% and 22.6% pts, respectively. Twelve pts received ICIs as first and 19 as second or further-line. ORR was 22.6% in RH, 20.3% in NRH (p = 0.81); DCR was 35.5% in RH, 53.1% in NRH (p = 0.08). After a median follow-up of 20 months (m) (95% CI 4.0 – 36.7 m), median progression-free survival (PFS) was 2.6 m (95% CI 1.9-3.3 m) in RH vs 2.6 m in NRH (95% CI 2.1 – 3.0 m); median overall survival (OS) was 4.6 m (95% CI 0.03-12.0 m) in RH vs 9.2 m (95% CI 7.4 – 10.9 m) in NRH. No statistically significant differences were seen between the two groups (p = 0.729 for PFS, p = 0.601 for OS). At multivariate analyses adjusted for age, sex, smoke, PS, PD-L1 status, line of therapy and histotype (RH vs NRH), only low PS and first line treatment showed better PFS and OS (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively) in overall population. Conclusions: Our analysis, limited by the small and heterogeneous RH sample size, reported no significant differences between RH and NRH in terms of ORR, DCR and survival. However, looking at OS and DCR data, RH seem to have worse outcome. Correlation between histotype and pts characteristics and survival analyses in a larger cohort of ICIs treated NSCLC pts is ongoing. Specific prospective trials are needed to evaluate ICIs role in RH.


Reviewers comment # 1: The authors discuss elemental ratios during EIFEX, however, considering that in the field the initial particulate matter contains probably a large fraction of dead or detrital material I would recommend to include a comparison of the ratios of the changes in particulate elements. This might not be possible for out-patch stations as no important changes in biomass were observed, but the authors might find out that elemental ratios do not change that much, inside the fertilized patch. Values


Traditional Knowledge does not certainly belong to public domain.The benefit from using traditional knowledge should be justly shared by the user and holder of traditional knowledge.Misuse of traditional knowledge harms the just benefit of traditional community,and makes against conservation and development of traditional knowledge.It is feasible for traditional knowledge to protect its intellectual property.The existing intellectual property system provides expansive space for traditional knowledge protection,but it still need to be improved.


This article presents a total concentration method for two-dimensional wet chemical etching. The proposed procedure is a fixed-grid approach. It is analogous to the enthalpy method used for modeling melting/solidification problems. The governing equation is formulated using the total concentration of the etchant. It includes the reacted and the unreacted concentrations of the etchant. The proposed governing equation includes the interface condition. The reacted concentration is used to capture the etchant-substrate interface implicitly. Since the grids are fixed, a diffusion problem remains a diffusion problem unlike the moving grid approach where the diffusion problem becomes the convection-diffusion problem due to the mesh velocity. For demonstration purposes, the finite volume method is used to solve for the transient concentration distribution of etchant. In this article, two-dimensional diffusion-controlled wet chemical etching processes are modeled. The results obtained from the proposed total concentration method are compared with available "analytic" solutions and solutions from moving-grid approach.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


Quantifying the effect of noise on unitary operations is an essential task in quantum information processing. We propose the quantum Wasserstein distance between unitary operations, which shows an explanation for quantum circuit complexity and characterizes local distinguishability of multi-qudit operations. We show analytical calculation of the distance between identity and widely-used quantum gates including SWAP, CNOT, and other controlled gates. As an application, we estimate the closeness between quantum gates in circuit, and show that the noisy operation simulates the ideal one well when they become close under the distance. Further we introduce the $W_1$ error rate by the distance, and establish the relation between the $W_1$ error rate and two practical cost measures of recovery operation in quantum error-correction under typical noise scenarios.


Isolated oocytes of the sea cucumbers Holothuria leucospilota and Holothuria pardalis were induced to mature with 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol (BAL), dithiothreitol (DTT) and L-cysteine. 1-Methyladenine, known as the maturation-inducing hormone of starfishes, failed to induce oocyte maturation of the sea cucumbers. Observation of the maturation process revealed that the germinal-vesicle of the oocyte treated with DTT migrated to the micropyle process and broke down there, where polar bodies were subsequently formed. After insemination, mature eggs obtained with DTT treatment developed to the typical auricularia larvae.


Stimulation of atrial alpha-1 receptors promotes atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) release (Currie and Newman 1986) and a single administration of the alpha-1 blocker prazosin decreases plasma ANP in normal volunteers (Keller, Moller, Sykulski, Storm and Thamsborg 1987) and hypertensive patients (Kohno, Yokokawa, Yasunari, Murakawa, Kurihara and Takeda 1991). ANP has vasodilating, renin-angiotensin-system inhibiting, natriuretic and hypotensive properties. A fall in plasma ANP might therefore attenuate the longterm antihypertensive efficacy of alpha-1 blockers and could explain salt and water retention, plasma volume expansion, development of tolerance or a poor hypotensive response with these drugs (Semplicini, Pessina, Palatini, Hlede and Dal Palu 1981). Nevertheless, no data are available on the effects of long-term alpha-1 adrenoceptor blocker administration on plasma ANP in hypertensive patients. The aim of this study was therefore to assess the antihypertensive efficacy of different doses of the alpha-1 blocker terazosin and their effects on plasma ANP in hypertensive patients on long-term therapy.


Nurse performance is part of the values that are very important for the patient to hospital quality services. The existence of different perceptions of the nurse performance so they found mediated comment period, the electronic media, the dissatisfaction protests of patient's or family with hospital care. To reveal the truth needs to do a research. The research aims to Analyze the effect of Compensation and Competencies of Nurse against to nurse performance in National Hospital Guido Valadares. The study using survey explanatory methods, survey explanatory methods aims to determine the causal of relationship between variables studied. The population of study was amount 49 people, so that the sample of study is the number of population. The results showed that the descriptive analysis of nurse compensation included in the "Moderate" category, nurse competencies is a"high" category, and nurse performance is a "good" category. Path Analysis the effect of Compensation and Competencies against Performance, is 0.3933 = 39.33%, while the coefficient of track to the other factors is: 0779 (60.67%).


: This paper provides an up-to-date comparison of Brazil's political system with that of 33 other democracies. We show that Brazil is an outlier with respect to the number of effective parties, the total government budget allocated to the legislative power, and the public funds allocated to parties (to fund campaigns and regular party operations). Brazil is also unique in its electoral management body: it is the only country in our sample in which the judiciary both organizes and oversees the electoral process. We also find a positive correlation between total public funding and the total number of effective parties.


PURPOSE Cervical cancer is the leading cause of mortality by cancer in sub-Saharan Africa. The human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is recognized as a necessary and sufficient cause for cervical cancer. Population-specific estimates of HPV prevalence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) are unknown. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of HPV and identify predominant genotypes circulating in Kinshasa, DRC. METHODS Between July 2015 and July 2017, women were invited to attend a screening program at Mont-Amba Health Centre in Kinshasa. Cervical specimens were collected using the Preservcyt medium. HPV DNA testing was performed for all specimens using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS During the 2-year period, a total of 1,870 women age 25 to 82 years were screened. The mean age was 46 years (± 11.4 years). The overall HPV prevalence was 28.2% (95% CI, 26.1% to 30.3%). High-risk HPV prevalence was 24.8% (95% CI, 22.8% to 26.8%). Women younger than 30 years had the highest overall HPV prevalence (42.2%; 95% CI, 34.7% to 49.9%). A second peak of prevalence was observed in women age 60 years and older. HPV68 (5.5%; 95% CI, 4.5% to 6.6%) was the most prevalent HPV type. CONCLUSION The distribution of HPV genotypes among women in our population was different compared with other world regions. A key finding was that HPV68 was the most prevalent high-risk HPV genotype. These findings highlight the need for the determination in our population of the etiologic fraction of different HPV types in invasive cervical cancers.


The electron impact induced fragmentations of twelve pyridine derivatives are discussed. The fragmentation pattern of these compounds is strongly influenced by the number of methylene groups as well as the position of substitution in the pyridine nucleus. By means of mass spectrometry a differentiation between the 2-pyridyl and the 4-pyridyl derivatives is possible and this fact could be important with respect to an analytical identification of the compounds.


The Early Modern period in Europe was a time of citrus-mania, when the cultivation and classification of citrus resulting in true collections appeared all over Europe. While scholarship has mainly concentrated on the Italian legacy, I argue that one should change perspective and concentrate on the Iberian (IP) legacy. The particularity of orange groves in the IP derives precisely from their prominent presence in the landscape, as an autochthonous tree not as an exotic one. They cover and perfume cities like Seville and cover the landscape in Portugal in such a way that when João Vigier (1718) translated Caspar Bahuin's Theatri Botanici (1571) into Portuguese, he bypassed their description due to the fact that they are so common in Portugal. The analysis includes the distribution of orangetrees in the soil; if they were planted in vases or directly in the soil; the irrigation systems used to their growth; how they were grafted and pruned. I will also demonstrate their aesthetical and economic value and how they were so praised by foreign travellers and recognized as the soul of Iberian gardens. As a result of these findings, I will argue that orange groves stand as one of the most common fruit tree of the IP and a key-feature of its gardens and landscapes, to such an extent that circulation of knowledge and practices account for their status as one of the most desired ornamental tree in Europe, taken to the New World where it will find its present main habitat. _____________________________________________________________________________ Old and New Worlds: the Global Challenges of Rural History | International Conference, Lisbon, ISCTE-IUL, 27-30 January 2016 2


This paper describes a protocol for high frequency regeneration from young leaflets of peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) mature embryos, which provides a effective regeneration system for gene transformation. Through orthogonal experiments with different levels of five factors which were TDZ concentration, BA concentration and NAA concentration in the MS medium, germinating days of seeds and subculture medium, we have obtained optimum conditions for regeneration of plantlets with high frequency. The conditions were TDZ 1.0 μmol/L, BA 0.4 μmol/L, NAA 5.0 μmol/L in the MS medium, germination for 4 days and subculture medium MS 0. Among the five factors, TDZ was believed to play key role in inducing differentiation of peanut young leaflets while the subculture medium and germination days came next. The BA and NAA concentration were the least important factors in inducing differentiation. The multiple buds developed further into plants and rooted on medium containing 1/2 MS major elements, 2% sucrose and 5.0 μmol/L IBA. After being transferred onto soil the plants flowered and bore fruits.


The Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) recently held there to be no infringement of the right to liberty under the ECHR, Article 5 in the case of Austin v United Kingdom (2012) app.no.39692/09 (hereafter 'Austin (ECtHR)'). This will come as a relief to sections of the law enforcement communities across the Council of Europe member states as well as being a vindication of the outcome if not the exact reasoning of the House of Lords (HL) in Austin v Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis [2009] UKHL 5 (hereafter 'Austin (HL)'). This analysis will present the facts and reasoning of the domestic judgments and that of the ECtHR before arguing that the judgements err in their application of the law and set a dangerous and needless precedent.


This article presents the results of computational studies investigating the ignition of high-pressure natural gas jets in a compression-ignition engine with glow plug ignition assist. The simulation was conducted using a KIVA-3V-based three-dimensional engine model, along with an improved fuel injector model, a detailed cut-off glow plug shield model and a modified two-step methane reaction mechanism, to simulate the natural gas injection and ignition. The simulated results demonstrate the significance of using a shield for the glow plug. Compared to an unshielded (bare) glow plug, the shield not only reduces the heat loss from the hot glow plug surface to the cold intake air charge and the cold injected gas jet but also traps the fuel mixture to increase its residence time adjacent to the hot surface. Over a representative range of heavy-duty diesel engine operating conditions, a shielded glow plug greatly improves the natural gas engine performance and provides reliable ignition, while an unshielded glow plug can only be optimized for specific conditions. The understanding of glow plug shield behavior gained from the simulations suggests avenues for improved shield designs that would yield further reduced ignition delays.


Higher KdV flows on spaces of closed equicentroaffine plane curves are studied and it is shown that the flows are described as certain multi-Hamiltonian systems on the spaces. Multi-Hamiltonian systems describing higher mKdV flows are also given on spaces of closed Euclidean plane curves via the geometric Miura transformation.


As rule, molecules Н2О are isolated in structure of natrolite group (edingtonite is member of the group), and the channels are narrow, resulting to low mobility of water in the channels. The exception is edingtonite, in which Н2О-Н2О bonds are available. In result, edingtonite differs by high mobility of Н2О, comparable with that in wide-porous zeolites. Edingtonite is ferroelectrics lower temperature of para-ferroelectric transition (which depends on water content) and demonstrates anomalies of various properties at low T [1]. Edingtonite is analogue of classical Rochelle salt due to coincidence of space group Р21212 and presence of two sub-lattices of Н2О. In present work, we planned to study low-T phase transition (PT) in edingtonite by methods of IR and Raman spectroscopy and generation of second harmonics (GSH), and also to find the suggested PT at high pressures (analogue of low-T ferroelectric transition), and to investigate the stability of crystal structure of edingtonite up to amorphization, which earlier was observed in other silicates [24]. Edingtonite (Ba0.97 Na0.03 K0.04) [Al1.98 Si3.02 O10] 3.69 H2O (Bohlet, Sweden) exhibits considerable anomalies of IR spectra in low-frequency range at low T (Fig. 1,2). Maximum of intensity of anomalous IR bands is observed in natural edingtonite at -124 C and in deuterated one at -113 C.


We investigated the regulation of the transcription factor Runx1 by microRNA (miR)‐27 and the resulting effects upon the differentiation of myeloblasts into granulocytes. When 32D.cl3 cell differentiation was induced using granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (CSF3), Runx1 transcription was moderately downregulated, while Runx1 protein levels were completely inhibited, suggesting an involvement of post‐transcriptional regulation. Simultaneously, levels of miR‐27 and its precursor increased substantially. Reporter assays revealed that miR‐27 targets the 3′UTR of the Runx1 transcript. Furthermore, introduction of pre‐miR‐27 alone into 32D.cl3 cells resulted in downregulation of Runx1 protein, thereby allowing the cell differentiation even in the absence of CSF3. Conversely, transduction of anti‐miR‐27 caused upregulation of Runx1 protein, thereby antagonizing the CSF3‐mediated granulocyte differentiation. Finally, the CSF3‐induced transcription factor C/EBPalpha enhanced transcription of a host gene of miR‐27, C9orf3, via activation of its promoter. Thus, miR‐27 enhances differentiation of myeloblasts into granulocytes via post‐transcriptional downregulation of Runx1.


Bourdelais Patrice. O.W.A. Boonstra, A.M. van der Woude. Demographic transition in the Netherlands. A statistical analysis of regional differences in the level and development of the birth rate and of fertility, 1850-1890, 1984. In: Annales de demographie historique, 1985. Vieillir autrefois. pp. 409-410.


In this rapidly globalizing world, the importance of translation in the field of literature cannot be over-emphasized. This paper examines diverse ways of translating Korean Shijo into English. The positive characteristics of Shijo as an object of translation can be summarized in 3: its terseness in idea, its clear images, and concise poetic dictions it employs. In addition, the equal 4 rhythmic clusters in each three lines of Shijo poems makes Shijo one of the most attractive literary genres for translation. This paper concludes, in terms of traditional Shijo, Rhythm is the most significant asset to consider in translation. Yet, when it comes to modem Shijo, the matter is more complex than the case of traditional Shijo. As Park Chul-hui puts it, modem Shijo is a hybrid entity of traditional poetic form and modem poetic qualities. Thus, depending on which of the two, the rhythm or the content, plays more dominant role in the particular poem to be translated, the translator should choose what to focus on in translation while sacrificing other elements.


The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of cutting direction on the ACL injury mechanism during cutting. Eighteen subjects who has the right leg dominant were participated in this study. We used vicon and force platform. The results were as follows. First, 90°cutting showed larger joint range of motion than 0 and 45° in sagittal and frontal plane. Second, 45 and 90°degree cutting showed increased moment compared to 0° cutting in extension. And tibia external rotation moment showed in sequence(0°< 45°< 90°). Third, 45 and 90° cutting showed increased absorption power compared to 0°. Finally, 90° cutting showed larger than 0°in anterior shear force. The finding of this study support as the cutting direction larger there was greater risk of ACL injury in knee joint. Therefore, we think it is necessary to train the athlete about this during training season.


Kon-Tiki stands out as the most internationally successful and popular documentary ever produced by the Scandinavian film industry. Its box office success and 1951 Academy Award ensured this specta ...


Electrostatic charging of hydraulic circuits is recently becoming an issue as low conducting hydraulic fluids are increasingly in use. Charge generation is more likely to accumulate and build up large voltages. These high charge accumulations are hazardous as they can damage system components such as filters, which can eventually lead to system failure. In order to develop appropriate counter measures, a precise knowledge of influencing parameters is strongly beneficial. In this paper the causes for charge generation are discussed. Furthermore, methods for charge measurement of hydraulic fluids are presented. As the researched measurement methods are considered inappropriate, a new charge measurement method is developed. The development based on the principles of Faraday-cup and Faraday-cage are discussed in detail. Moreover, the integration of the developed charge sensors into an also developed experimental setup is described. The test rig in combination with the charge sensor allows the quantitative measurement of charged fluid without influencing the fluid to be investigated. It also enables measurements under pressure, meaning that the fluid can be pressurised up to 140 bar. The experimental setup is destined to obtain a large data basis. This data basis allows the validation of a charging model for which the modelling approach is also presented in this paper. This will lay the basis for a charging model to predict the charging tendency of a hydraulic system.


This collection of essays from a carefully selected group of scholars with expertise in the field of ethics and theology presents a coherent vision of the post-Enlightenment theological enterprise by calling into question the assumption that all knowledge needs to be founded on universally acceptable categories of reason and experience.


Activation of the endogenous 1-adrenergic receptor (AR) associated with human aortic smooth muscle cells resulted in a doseand time-dependent increase in the levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS increases were apparent within 10 min and maximal after 45 min. Prolonged activation ( 4 h) of the 1-AR resulted in smooth muscle cell apoptosis. Both the increase in ROS and apoptotic cell death were blocked by the nonselective 1-AR antagonist prazosin as well as the selective 1D-AR antagonist 8-[2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione (BMY 7378). Increases in ROS and apoptosis produced by 1-AR activation were also blocked by the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)5-(4-pyridyl)-1H-imidazole (SB 202190) and the NAPDH oxidase inhibitor apocynin. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 inhibitor 2 -amino-3 -methoxyflavone (PD 98059) or the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase inhibitor 1,9-pyrazoloanthrone anthra(1,9-cd)pyrazol-6(2H)-one (SP 600125) was without effect on increases in ROS levels or apoptosis. Pifithrin, an inhibitor of the tumor suppressor protein p53, had no effect on ROS generation but did block 1D-AR-induced apoptosis. Activation of the 1D-AR resulted in translocation of p53 to the mitochondria. The mitochondrial translocation of p53 was blocked by prazosin, BMY 7378, apocynin, SB 202190, and pifithrin. Apoptosis was also blocked by small interfering RNA directed against p53. These data show that the 1D-AR is coupled to the generation of mitochondrial ROS by a pathway involving p38 and NADPH oxidase. Sustained activation of the 1D-AR results in smooth muscle cell apoptosis in a pathway that involves the tumor suppressor protein p53 and the mitochondrial translocation of p53. The data also provide evidence of a linkage between the 1D-AR and p53. Based on our current understanding, three subtypes of the 1-AR, the 1A-, 1B-, and 1D-ARs, have been cloned and characterized (for recent reviews, see Xiao et al., 2006; Hein and Michel, 2007; Koshimizu et al., 2007; Perez, 2007). Each of these subtypes transduces discrete actions of endogenous catecholamine neurotransmitters in the regulation of a variety of physiologic functions. Although it is known that the 1-ARs are coupled to increases in inositol phosphates, the canonical pathway for Gq-coupled receptors (see above-cited references), recent evidence has shown that the 1-ARs are also coupled to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through novel signaling pathways such as activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor and NADPH oxidase (Xiao et al., 2002; Bleeke et al., 2004; Zhang et al., 2004; Kuster et al., 2005; Hao et al., 2006; Javadov et al., 2006; Faber et al., 2007; Fernandez-Patron, 2007). Increases in vascular ROS have been associated with modulating smooth muscle contraction (Fernandez-Patron, 2007; Szasz et al., 2007) as well as maladaptive responses such as hypertension, hypertrophic growth, and apoptosis (Guo et al., 2006; Lyle and Griendling, 2006; Paravicini and Touyz, 2006; Szasz et al., 2007). Critically important in cellular regulation, the tumor suppressor protein p53 is an important mediator of apoptotic cell death (Danial and Korsmeyer, 2004; Okada and Mak, 2004; Vousden and Lane, 2007). Although p53 is well known to induce the transcription of proapoptotic proteins, there is This study was supported by National Institutes of Health grants HL38120-14 (to M.T.P.) and CA73599 and CA94853 (to D.R.St.C.). M.L.G.-C. and J.L.S. contributed equally to this work. Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org. doi:10.1124/mol.108.047993. □S The online version of this article (available at http://molpharm. aspetjournals.org) contains supplemental material. ABBREVIATIONS: AR, adrenergic receptor; ROS, reactive oxygen species; siRNA, small interfering RNA; BMY 7378, 8-[2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione; WB 4101, 2-(2,6-dimethoxyphenoxyethyl)aminomethyl-1,4-benzodioxane hydrochloride; MAP, mitogen-activated protein; SB 202190, 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)-1H-imidazole; ERK, extracellular signalregulated kinase; PD 98059, 2 -amino-3 -methoxyflavone; JNK, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase; SP 600125, 9-pyrazoloanthrone anthra(1,9-cd)pyrazol-6(2H)-one; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; BSA, bovine serum albumin; TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling; ANOVA, analysis of variance. 0026-895X/08/7404-1000–1007$20.00 MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY Vol. 74, No. 4 Copyright © 2008 The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 47993/3386914 Mol Pharmacol 74:1000–1007, 2008 Printed in U.S.A. 1000 http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/suppl/2008/07/15/mol.108.047993.DC1 Supplemental material to this article can be found at: at A PE T Jornals on Sptem er 0, 2017 m oharm .aspeurnals.org D ow nladed from also evidence that p53 can activate the mitochondrial cell death pathway (Erster and Moll, 2005; Moll et al., 2006; Liu et al., 2008). In this report, we show that activation of the 1-AR (more specifically, the 1D-AR) promotes increases of ROS levels in vascular smooth muscle. Prolonged activation of the 1D-AR leads to apoptosis. Activation of the 1D-AR promotes the translocation of p53 to the mitochondria. Pharmacologic inhibition of p53 or siRNA-mediated knockdown of its expression prevents 1D-AR apoptosis. These are the first data to link an 1-AR to pathways involving the multifunctional regulatory protein p53. Materials and Methods Cell Culture. Human aortic smooth muscle cells (Cascade Biologics, Portland, OR) were grown to confluence in medium 231 supplemented with smooth muscle growth supplement (Cascade Biologics) and a mixture of gentamicin and amphotericin (Cascade Biologics). Cells were grown in T-75 flasks in a 37°C cell culture incubator with a humidified atmosphere (95% air and 5% CO2) and were fed every 2 to 3 days. After reaching confluence, the cells were plated on plain, untreated coverslips in 35-mm tissue culture dishes. Effect of Activation of the 1-AR on the Levels of Reactive Oxygen Species in Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells. The generation of mitochondrial ROS was measured using MitoTracker ROS (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) diluted in dimethyl sulfoxide. Human aortic smooth muscle cells attached to glass coverslips were incubated for 20 min at 37°C with 5 nM MitoTracker ROS diluted in serum-free medium. These incubation conditions were established after preliminary studies of time and MitoTracker concentration. Cells were washed twice with medium, fresh medium was applied, and the effect of phenylephrine (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) was studied. We examined both the time and concentration dependence of phenylephrine-induced ROS accumulation. In inhibitor studies, cells were pretreated for 45 min with the following: prazosin (1 nM; Sigma-Aldrich), BMY 7378 (30 nM; Sigma-Aldrich), WB 4101 (1 nM; Sigma-Aldrich), or 5-methylurapidil (1 nM; Sigma-Aldrich); the p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB 202190 (30 M; Sigma-Aldrich); the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD 98059 (30 M; BIOMOL Research Laboratories, Plymouth Meeting, PA); the JNK inhibitor SP 600125 (30 M; BIOMOL Research Laboratories); the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin (100 M; Calbiochem, Darmstadt, Germany); or the p53 antagonist pifithrin(10 M; Sigma-Aldrich). After preincubation with the antagonist, phenylephrine (10 M) was added and incubated for 20 min. The cells were fixed with 1.0% formaldehyde in PBS for 10 min, washed with PBS, and mounted on slides with Prolong Gold antifade reagent (Invitrogen). The slides were viewed under a 63 oil immersion objective attached to an AOBS TCS SP5 inverted laser scanning confocal microscope using Application Suite Advanced Fluorescence software (Leica Microsystems, Inc., Deerfield, IL). Images were prepared using Adobe Photoshop (version 7.0; Adobe Systems, Mountain View, CA) and quantitated with ImageJ, version 3.91 software (http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij). The fluorescence intensity of six areas (20 20 pixels) within a cell was measured, and an intensity average was determined for each cell. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post hoc test using Prism (version 3.00 for Windows; GraphPad Software Inc., San Diego, CA). Immunocytochemical Localization of p53 in Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells. Dual-label immunocytochemistry was used to assess the extent to which the tumor suppressor protein p53 was localized into the mitochondria of human aortic smooth muscle cells. An antibody to succinate dehydrogenase was used as a marker for mitochondria. In these studies, cells were grown on glass coverslips. The cellular localization of p53 and succinate dehydrogenase was assessed before and after a 12-h treatment with 10 M phenylephrine. In certain experiments, cells were treated with the antagonist series described above before the addition of phenylephrine. After drug treatments, cells were washed in PBS and fixed with 3.7% formaldehyde in PBS for 10 min. Cells were then washed with 0.05% BSA in PBS and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton in PBS for 5 min. After permeabilization, the cells were washed and blocked with 10% serum for 1 h at room temperature. After washing, polyclonal antibodies against p53 (Calbiochem; diluted 1:50 in 1% BSA in PBS) or succinate dehydrogenase (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., Santa Cruz, CA; diluted 1:100 in 1% BSA in PBS) were added either alone or in combination and incubated overnight at 4°C. After this incubation, the cells were washed with 0.05% BSA in PBS, and secondary antibodies for either p53 (fluorescein isothiocyanate; Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, West Grove, PA; diluted 1:200 in PBS) or succinate dehydrogenase (Texas Red; Abcam Inc., Cambridge, MA; diluted 1:200 in PBS) were added and incubated in the dark at room temperat


Over time private postsecondary institutions in the United States have developed their structures in order to survive in the competitive higher education market. These private institutions have foundations in different social values and have executed different roles to back up the marginal public space for prospective students. In overviewing the characteristics of how private institutions have survived in the competitive market, this paper provides insight into how they alter their structure to meet social needs in the higher education system. This paper also suggests that restructuring planning for private institutions is beneficial in the long run, which provides policy implications for institutional researchers.


We study non-Gaussian log-correlated multiplicative chaos, where the random field is defined as a sum of independent fields that satisfy suitable moment and regularity conditions. The convergence, existence of moments, and analyticity with respect to the inverse temperature are proven for the resulting chaos in the full subcritical range. These results are generalizations of the corresponding theorems for Gaussian multiplicative chaos. A basic example where our results apply is the non-Gaussian Fourier series $$\sum_{k=1}^\infty \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}(A_k \cos(2\pi k x) + B_k \sin(2\pi k x)),$$where $A_k$ and $B_k$ are i.i.d. random variables.


The purpose of this research was to examine the impact of workplace incivility on employee creativity A questionnaire survey was utilized to collect the data from 315 female nurses of public and private hospitals in Lahore, Pakistan. The results of the study indicated that workplace incivility has a significant negative effect on employee creativity. This research explores the phenomenon of workplace incivility and employee creativity in nurses which is infrequently addressed in developing countries. The key limitation of this research was the cross-sectional. This study was conducted in a hospital in one province; therefore, the data and results were specific to this location. This study recommends that the management should improve the work environment by enhancing the ethical climate and institutional policies to decrease workplace incivility in their organization.


Distillation a widely used method for purifying liquids and separating mixtures of liquids into their individual components. It is employed to separate benzene from toluene, methanol or ethanol from water, acetone from acetic acid, and many multicomponent mixtures. This project will comprises the methanol-water mixture distillation. All the parameters that can be varies and affect the distillation process like reflux ratio feed and composition will be studied. Calculation of feed tray and number of stages for the same will be done using McCabe-Thiele Method.
The objective of the project is to study all the parameters that can affect the distillation process. on the modelling and simulation for the process using hysy or using Microsoft Excel.


Placement and revision of ventricular shunts has saved more lives in Western society than any other neurosurgical procedure. Estimates of a total of 75,000 shunt procedures are done yearly in North America. The majority of these cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-diverting shunts originate in the lateral ventricle, drain into the peritoneum and are described as ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts. Other less common CSF shunt variants include ventriculoatrial and ventriculopleural. VP shunts are the most common neurosurgical procedure performed in both adults and children. An understanding of CSF flow dynamics, intracranial pressure, and cerebral perfusion helps guide anesthetic management of these procedures.


The solar interior contains a variable magnetic field produced by the dynamo effect. This field contributes to the internal pressure and energy, and modifies the convective flows, thus affecting convective and turbulent energy transport. As a consequence, it modifies the structure of the solar interior, and thus all the global (stellar) parameters. Although these variations are inevitable, the amplitude of the changes depend critically on largely unknown properties of the fields, such as location, strength, configuration, etc. Thus, the field properties must be inferred from the observed changes of the global parameters, and they can be tested by helioseismological observations. We will describe the current codes that model these features of the solar interior, the current status of the observations, and the work both in the models and in the observations necessary to provide a robust understanding of the solar variability produced by internal processes.


In many cases of image description, it is often required to maintain high distinctivity to deal with the dissolving ability of the human eye. However, since ordinary images contain high redundancy, in the processes such as storage, transmission and processing with which a human operator is not concerned directly, it is desirable to compress the image information into the least but necessary size to achieve efficiency. In this paper, we attempt to establish a rational theory when a high-quality image containing redundancy is reconstructed from compressed image information. We have obtained a reconstruction theory for a high-quality image as well as a concrete formula to reconstruct an image by an interpolating polynomial. Thus, it seems to be useful to apply the results of this paper to establish an image processing technique to make many practical images, such as TV images, facsimile images, CT images, of high quality.


Abstract Statistical analysis of transitional boundary layers in pressure gradients is performed using the flow fields from direct numerical simulations of bypass transition. Laminar–turbulent discrimination separates the streaky laminar flow from turbulent regions. Individual streaks are identified and tracked in the flow field in order to obtain statistics of the amplitude of the streak population. An extreme value model is proposed for the distribution of streak amplitudes. It is also possible to differentiate those streaks which break down into turbulent spots from innocuous events. It is shown that turbulence onset is due to high-amplitude streaks, with streamwise perturbation velocity exceeding 20 % of the free stream speed. The resulting turbulent spots are tracked downstream. The current analysis allows for the measurement of the lateral spreading angles of individual spots and their spatial extent and volumes. It is demonstrated that the volumetric growth rate of turbulent spots is insensitive to pressure gradient.


Vietnamese immigrants, but also central to Zhou and Bankston's argument. Vietnamese immigrants, unlike immigrants before them, were resettled by charitable organizations that tried to assimilate the new immigrants by spreading them out geographically. The formation of ethnic communities, like Little Saigon in California and VersaillesVillage in New Orleans, is thus a result of secondary migration that has taken place over several decades. As Zhou and Bankston point out, one consequence of this secondary migration is that Vietnamese community members often have ties to each other that precede their residence in specific locales. These ties foster unusually close relationship samong neighbors. The book focuses on Vietnamese students' academic achievement within Versailles Village. Not surprisingly, the authors find strong associations between measures of ethnic identity (such as Vietnamese language proficiency, ethnic selfidentification, associations with same-race peers, and desire for a Vietnamese spouse) and values that they attribute to Vietnamese culture, particularly to Confucianism. The authors observe that these values, like respect for elders, obedience, and belief in hard work, contribute to children's academic success. Further, children's ethnic identities and values serve as markers of their integration into their families and the Vietnamese ethnic neighborhood. Given what is known about gender inequality in education in Vietnam, Zhou and Bankston's findings concerning gender differences in academic achievement in Versailles Village are surprising. Vietnamese girls tend to drop out of high school less and achieve higher grades than do Vietnamese boys. This is encouraged by their families and the Versailles Village residents. Vietnamese parents do not adopt American ideas about gender equality; instead Vietnamese gender ideals contribute to their daughters' achievements. Daughters, more than sons, reflect on a family's reputation. Furthermore, families believe that daughters with better educations will attract potential husbands with better educations. Because of this, girls strive to achieve. This chapter, while less important to their main argument than the other chapters, is interesting because it illustrates how immigrants' cultures and contexts interact in unique ways. Perhaps the most intriguing and useful part of this book is at the end. Through a discussion of delinquency in Vietnamese communities, the authors elaborate a detailed and elegant framework for conceptualizing the relationship between children and their various environments and also the relationship between these environments. They argue that delinquents, as defined by Vietnamese neighborhood residents, are those for whom relationships between themselves, their families, and their ethnic neighborhoods are disrupted. Because of these disruptions, delinquents become integrated into the disadvantaged, underclass communities in which their ethnic neighborhoods are situated. Especially in this chapter, the authors' main argument is clear and strong: Ethnic identity is both a cause and a consequence of integration into various supportive environments, and integration into supportive environments enables achievement.


The paper provides a short overview of the different modes of sediment transport in the inshore region of a sandy beach and presents a conceptual model for suspended sediment transport outside and inside the surf zone for engineering purpose. The near shore sediment transport modeling is discussed with special emphasis on cross-shore transport under waves and on beach profile evolution.


The design of compact and inexpensive mechanical drives and gearboxes can take advantage from the use of custom rolling bearings in which the rolling elements are directly in contact with the shaft and the housing containing them. The custom construction is particularly convenient for the case of roller bearings, either cylindrical or tapered, because these elements are easily manufactured and provide a remarkable loading capacity. Starting from the standard load rating equations available in the literature (ISO standards), this paper develops a step-by-step design procedure for the geometric optimization of radial bearings with cylindrical rollers. The procedure includes constraints on the geometry and leads to the optimal bearing with the maximum static and dynamic load ratings compatible with the space available.


By considering the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation with high order and nonlinear term in three dimensions,by introducing the weighted space and interpolating inequality and prior estimate,the existence of the global solution of the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation is obtained.By further using the method of decomposing operator in wieghted space and constructing compact positively invariant sets,the existence of the strong global attractor is established.