] Nehrke and Pieper Reply: In his Comment Staub [1] states that there is a strong disagreement between conclusions and other experiments, which is not t case: we outlined a consistent alternative interpretati already in our Letter [2] and comment below on th critical points. Furthermore, he fails to give a consiste explanation of our NMR results in the presence o antiferromagnetic Pr. To judge the importance of o results one has to recognize that NMR directly sens the local magnetism. From this we find indirectly the crystalline electric field (CEF) of Pr and the magnet structure. Neutron diffraction and inelastic scatterin (INS) are complementary methods, since they operate reciprocal space. The important fact to account for in a model is, therefore, the presence of nonmagnetic Pr 31 in PrBa2Cu3O7. Equation (2) in [2], when solved for the Pr momen containsno adjustable parameters once the Zeeman sp ting of the Pr nucleus is determined by the resonance f quency. The moment of 0.017mB should be considered as upper limit; in PrBa2Cu3O6 we find no moment at all. The explanation for the different observed moments by diffe ent time scales involved in NMR, Mössbauer, and ne tron diffraction is not consistent. Pr moments of 0.5mB fluctuating slowly on the Mössbauer time scale of 1029 s produce huge fluctuating fields sø50 Td at the Pr nucleus, leading to relaxation rates at least 3 orders of magnitu above the observed ones. Because of the limitations of NMR in the CEF analys we fixed the energies of the five upper CEF levels the lowest J multiplet at the values determined by IN NMR is unsensitive to these energies, but sensitive to symmetry and splitting of the lower four levels, which were determined from our data. The low energy spec of INS in PrBa2Cu3O7 are not resolved. There is a large scatter in the splitting assigned by INS to these levels, a the ground state symmetry is inferred from magnetizati data. The agreement between INS and NMR achiev within the simple single ion models is quite satisfying The differences to the CEF of Ho is, in our opinion not that surprising, since HoBa 2Cu3O7 is, after all, a superconductor. Difficulties to obtain our CEF splitting from theBl may arise from notations (contact M. W. P.) We use in Eq. (4) Stevens operators O l as defined by Hutchings (Ref. [17] of [2]) with numerical prefactors Bl as given in the text. We succeeded to convert the C from the irreducible representation common in INS to th O l following the work of Kassman [3]. The second key issue is the magnetic structure. O crude model of a reorientation transition of the C moments accounts only in lowest order for the s 12 , 1 2 , 0d or, with different stacking, thes 12 , 1 2 , 1 2 d peak observed in neutron diffraction, but it does so in terms of the onl moments remaining in the structure, the ones on the Cu sites. There is clear evidence that more complex mod have to be considered: The higher order Bragg pea


This article discusses opportunities and serious challenges that university graduates are facing in their job hunting, and offers some strategies to strengthen career guidance for graduates.


In early the20th century,with formation and development of modern geology in China,some Chinese scholars started their investigations and researches of petroleum geology in Xinjiang.By the end of1930's,macroscopic investigations of petroleum resources in Xinjiang and geologic studies of discovered important oil shows conducted by Weng Wenjin and Zhang Hongzhao et al,according to a few documents and indirectly obtained data.At the beginning of1940's,geologists like Huang Xiqing et al made on-the-spot investigations in Xinjiang,including researches in detail of Dushanzi oilfield,field-trip petroleum geologic investigations in part areas in south and north Xinjiang.


ABSTRACT Health care delivery continues to be unsafe despite major patient safety (PS) improvement efforts over the past decade. Medical school education plays an important role in promoting this culture during initial training. To determine undergraduate medical students' attitudes toward PS at a Tunisian medical school. We carried out a cross-sectional study among undergraduate medical students at Ibn Al Jazzar Medical School in Sousse, Tunisia, using a self-administered questionnaire inspired from the valid tool: Attitudes to Patient Safety Questionnaire (APSQ III). A total of 178 medical students responded to the questionnaire. Medical students tend to have an overall positive perceptions of PS culture with a global mean score 5.33 ± 0.5. Among the individual domains 'Working hours as a cause of error' earned the highest score (6.38 ± 1.0) followed in order by 'Team functioning' (6.24 ± 0.8), 'Error inevitability' (5.91 ± 1.0) and 'Patient involvement in reducing error' (5.50 ± 1.0). The lowest score was for 'Professional incompetence as a cause of error' (4.01 ± 1.0). A PS domain's mean scores comparison based on socio-demographic variables: gender, age, academic year and on PS training revealed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) for five PS key dimensions: ' Error reporting confidence ', ' Working hours as a cause of error ', ' Professional incompetence as a cause of error ', ' Team functioning ' and 'PS training received'. Tunisian medical students showed positive attitude towards PS. Nevermore, intensive in terms of frequency and duration sessions, based on various teaching methods may be needed to fulfill students' educational needs.


PS 006 449 and Materials on Behavior in Free Early Childhood Washington, D.C. MF-$0.65 HC-$3.29 Age Differences; *Classification; *Cognitive Abili ; Cognitive Development; Creativity; Imagination; Manipulative Materials; *Object Manipulation; *Observation; *Play; Preschool Children; Preschool Education; Technical Reports A dissertation proposal involved a study to observe spontaneous behavior of children in interaction with materials in order to gain understanding of the factors that influence classificatory and imaginative behavior in free play. Children at two levels of ability in terms of classification skills were observed in interaction with materials at two levels of complexity during four play sessions. Materials were two related sets of specially designed blocks defined as simple or complex on the basis of the variations and the possible combinations among individual members of the set. The 3to 6-year-olds were to play in pairs to simulate the social play typical of children in natural situations. Observation focused on free classification, creative or design behavior, imaginative behavior or variety of themes. A final measure was used to determine the effect of interaction with the materials on classification ability. Results consisted of observational data from the experimental sessions and posttest scores. Non-definitive results indicated replicating the experiment with modifications. It was not feasible to use pairs as the experimental unit, so one child at a time was observed. Interaction between ability and complexity of blocks was found in testing, but not in observed behavior. No interaction effects with age or ability were observed. A revised study is proposed involving age as the independent variable and redesigned materials. (KM)


The design, construction, operation, and maintenance of geothermal wells and pumping plants are discussed. The initial steps in well design involve assessment and evaluation of geothermal resources, defining required production rates, exploration and site selection, determination of preliminary depth and diameter, and selection of a drilling contractor. Several drilling methods are reviewed briefly including percussion (cable tool) drilling and rotary drilling with a circulated drilling fluid. Development of a well is essential to minimize formation damage which may have occurred during construction to increase the porosity and permeability of formations in the vicinity of the well, and to stabilize the formation or gravel envelope materials around the well to effect sand-free production. All new wells should be tested to identify formation characteristics and to develop performance data on which to base the operation and maintenance of the well. Selection of pumping equipment for a geothermal well is described. (MJF)


Speciality high-strength board, packaging grades, and novel cellulose-based nanocomposites may incorporate microcellulosic nanofibrillated materials (MNFC), although the rheological properties of such strongly water sorbing structures are challenging for processing technologies. This study introduces rheological methods for the evaluation of dewatering and flow behavior of such high consistency furnishes to exemplify the effect of energy input on microfibrillar material (MFC), as produced by a combination of enzymatic pretreatment and increased levels of fluidization. The large number of fibril contact points act to entrap water, held both on the fibril surface as immobilized water and in the interfibril spacing forming the gel structure. Tuning of the rheological and dewatering properties has been enabled by in situ precipitation of calcium carbonate filler (in situ PCC) on the MFC, which results in the production of a more uniform furnish. Such in situ PCC coated MFC fibrils incorporated into furnish were seen to increase dewatering rate over that of the furnish mix without the in situ precipitated filler primarily because of the reduction in total surface area of the fibers and fibrils when the pigment is present on the fibrillary surface. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43486.


This study aims to test the effectiveness of Holland career counseling to improve the career maturity of students at the Faith-Based Educational School in Pamekasan. The study design used was an experiment involving as many as 7 students was selected by purposive random sampling. Instruments used in this study were Career Maturity Inventory (CMI)-Form C. The results showed Holland career counseling effective to improve the career maturity of students. This study provides clarification on the effectiveness of handling the career maturity of students with Holland career counseling.


Abstract This paper is a compilation of four contributions which endeavour to bring together the numerous strands of service user involvement that have been integral to the work, thinking and culture of the National Personality Disorder Development Programme.


An acoustic positioning system is described that is adaptable to a range of processing chambers and furnace systems. Operation at temperatures exceeding 1000 C is demonstrated in experiments involving the levitation of liquid and solid glass materials up to several ounces in weight. The system consists of a single source of sound that is beamed at a reflecting surface placed a distance away. Stable levitation is achieved at a succession of discrete energy minima contained throughout the volume between the reflector and the sound source. Several specimens can be handled at one time. Metal discs up to 3 inches in diameter can be levitated, solid spheres of dense material up to 0.75 inches diameter, and liquids can be freely suspended in l-g in the form of near-spherical droplets up to 0.25 inch diameter, or flattened liquid discs up to 0.6 inches diameter. Larger specimens may be handled by increasing the size of the sound source or by reducing the sound frequency.


The article describes the phenomenon of modern childhood in terms of the influence of information technologies on the development of the cognitive and speech mechanisms as a result of the human interaction with new virtual environments of existence at various stages of ontogenesis, starting with toddlers and ending with early adolescence. It provides a brief overview of the data of domestic and foreign studies and an analysis of their results. An attempt is made to find a "golden mean", a balance of positive and negative effects of technology. The topic of natural and focused polylinguistic development is addressed. On these grounds, general recommendations are presented for the creation and organization of effective use of educational videos for children to enhance their lexical memory capacity and speech skills.


Abstract : The partisan war in the Revolutionary War South demonstrated the vital linkage between the civil and military authorities. In the policies created to persuade the people of the righteousness of the American cause and neutralize opposition, the civil leadership of South Carolina inadvertently set the conditions for a violent civil war. The experiences derived from a century's worth of almost constant conflict, both internal and external, determined the nature of the ensuing civil war. Upon the occupation by the British in 1780, the calm that settled over the Southern colonies was brief, as British military leaders addressed the political problem in such as way as to lead to renewed revolt and an effective partisan campaign. The civil war became intertwined with the overall campaigns of the American and British forces, with the nature of the leaders having equal effect on the concurrent civil war.


This paper examines incubation management as a veritable growth stimulus vitally needed by the emerging economies with emphasis on the business and technology incubators. It discusses the need for management incubation, incubation models, the goals of business incubation, best practices for incubation processes, students' participation in the activities of the business incubator, characteristics of it's managerial structure among others. The term 'Incubation', with its etymological roots in the Latin word incubatio , which referred to a practice by the ancient Romans of carrying rudimentary ideas with them for developing them into visionary dreams over a period of time. Incubators shared business services and equipment, technology support services, and assistance in obtaining financing necessary for company growth. It is recognized as a way of meeting a variety of economic and socio-economic policy needs which can include:Employment and wealth creation,support for small firms with high growth potential Transfer of technology Promoting innovation Enhancing links between universities, research institutions and the business community Industry cluster development and assessment of a company's risk profile Business incubators accelerate the successful development of entrepreneurial companies through an array of business support resources and services. It's main goal is to produce successful firms that leave the program financially viable and freestanding. These incubator graduates have the potential to create jobs and wealth, revitalize neighborhoods, commercialize new technologies and strengthen local and national economies. Technology Incubators bring about the development of technology-based firms. These are mainly located at or near universities / polytechnics and science and technology parks. Given the multitude of challenges being faced by entrepreneurs in emerging economies, there is a strong case for fostering incubation systems. The mentoring and business assistance provided by incubators are especially useful to individuals who are not part of business communities and/or do not enjoy support from families. Established businesses and promotional organizations associated with incubators would provide the latter's clients with the much needed know-how available in such networks. Keywords: Economic growth, Entrepreneurship, Business start – ups, Incubation management, Technology transfer and  Job creation,


Pediatric randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have specific challenges that can lead to discontinuation and nonpublication. Researchers looked at the prevalence of these and found that industry‐sponsored trials are less likely to be discontinued, probably due to the greater access to financial resources compared to academic trials. They also found that industry‐sponsored trials are more than twice as likely to go unpublished compared to academic trials, contributing to publication bias.


The microcomputer-based datalogger system described in this report provides excellent flexibility for accurate recording of signals from a variety of sensors at programmable intervals. The small size of the unit permits applications in many research situations in which physiological and microclimate records are required from unrestrained animals. Data presented from two experiments with cattle with ad libitum access to feed demonstrate the utility of the system. The high resolution and frequent measurements illustrate the fine detail of thermoregulatory responses of cattle (as represented by tympanic temperature) to sequential moderate and hot environments, the association of feeding activities with tympanic temperature at moderate conditions, and the disruptions in thermoregulatory function and feeding activities in hot conditions. A comparison of four anatomical sites (two internal, two sub-dermal) for measuring body temperature also illustrates shortcomings in using sub-dermal measures to reflect responses to dynamic ambient environments.


Visual odometry algorithms are used in a wide range of applications to provide reliable estimates of the movement of the camera frame. Combined with inertial measurement units and other low-cost sensors, they can be used as input of high-level algorithms like Kalman filters or SLAM to estimate the global vehicle pose. However, visual odometers are often complex algorithm pipelines with large parameter sets involved in every process stage. In this paper we focus on optimizing the parameters of a visual odometer that has proved to work in underwater environments. We present the results of an exhaustive optimization process to reduce the errors in rotation and translation comparing vision-based pose estimates with ground truth in real underwater environments. Keywords—Visual Odometry, Underwater Vehicles, Stereo Images, Motion Estimation


The purpose of this work is to study the effectiveness of non-reciprocal preferential agreements. To do this we conducted a comparative analysis between the beneficiary countries of the Lome agreements and a sample of developing countries in Latin America, Asia and the Middle East. The empirical approach uses a gravity model applied to the panel data over a period of 29 years. The sample used is composed by the group of developing countries already mentioned, including members of the Lome Convention, and a group of industrialized countries, a total of 122 countries The 2 approaches, cross sectional and longitudinal analysis, among other things, confirm that the membership of Lome has not been a positive factor for bilateral trade, the influence of historical factors (the common language and the colonial past) remain important, other things being equal. Belonging to the developing countries of Asia and Latin America is a positive factor in bilateral trade, after controlling other variables.


Navigation systems and methods used to track moving objects in space. One of the navigation system and method uses a tracker having a light emitting element for indicating the or other errors when the line of sight between the tracking device and the sensor tracker is blocked. Other navigation systems and methods are adapted to instruct the user on how to arrange to the object tracker to reduce line-of-sight during surgical procedures problem.


Proposals for development of 'green jobs' emerged when environmentalists, labour organisations and political economists recognised the need for economic restructuring to reduce climate change. Current proposals for a Green New Deal go further by putting additional emphasis on fiscal stimulus, 'just transition', reducing socio-economic inequalities, and political empowerment. This article analyses the development of this more comprehensive policy approach, its rationale, the constraints it would face and its prospects in the Australian context. JEL Codes: B50, H12, L78, P18, Q58


Purpose: In this study, the effect on skin elasticity of a cream containing three-dimensional human adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium (3D ADMSC-CM) was examined.Methods: The clinical efficacy of the cream was evaluated by examining the skin for skin lifting, elasticity, and resilience after examining the cell proliferative capacity, expression levels of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in 3D ADMSC-CM, and collagen expression in skin cells due to the 3D ADMSC-CM cream.Results: Skin cell viability was well maintained, with no cytotoxicity from the 3D ADMSC-CM. The amount of EGF and VEGF contained in the 3D ADMSC-CM was 2.692 pg/mL and 27.89 pg/mL, respectively. In addition, skin cells treated with the 3D ADMSC-CM cream experienced a collagen expression increase of 183%. In clinical evaluation of the 3D ADMSC-CM cream, skin lifting and skin elasticity improvement showed significant effects at both two and four weeks. After the 3D ADMSC-CM cream was used, the improved skin elasticity and resilience was analyzed by variables, and an improvement was observed in both after two and four weeks of use.Conclusion: A cream containing 3D ADMSC-CM derived from a 3D culture environment, similar to that of an in vivo environment, is highly effective in enhancing skin elasticity, and 3D ADMSC-CM is expected to lead the field of cosmeceuticals.


The complexities of the modern society and interconnected world in which we live requires students who are able to problem solve and think critically. The research on which is article is based aims to explore how classroom questioning can help students guide their learning and model the spirit of inquiry to become lifelong learners. The research took place in an International Bilingual School of Madrid during sixth grade English lessons. It shows how developing effective questioning skills requires careful planning and practice, and how students can take hold and guide their learning when given the opportunity to actively participate in the learning process.


The realization of a perfectly matched layer (PML) has been a numerical challenge in 3-D unstructured meshes in time domain. In this paper, we develop an efficient patch-based PML scheme to truncate 3-D unstructured meshes with the same ease as that in a rectangular grid. No projections and transformations between irregular meshes and Cartesian coordinates are needed. As a result, the PML can be placed conformal to the object under study and be shaped in an arbitrary way. Numerical experiments have demonstrated the validity and accuracy of the proposed new method.


We read with interest the paper by Katharina Eikermann-Haerter about spreading depolarization as the possible link between migraine and stroke. The mechanisms underlying the relationship between migraine and stroke are still unclear, and their elucidation may provide the basis to explain the vascular risk associated with migraine. Dr. Eikermann-Haerter proposes that cortical hyperexcitability may be a mechanism common to migraine pathogenesis and to the increased risk of cerebral ischemia in migraineurs. As reported by the author, the genetic mouse models expressing migraine mutations (eg, familial hemiplegic migraine 1 and cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy) show a faster onset of ischemia-triggered spreading depolarization; an increased frequency of ischemic depolarization; enlarged infarcts with worse neurological outcomes (which could be prevented by anti-excitatory treatment); and more severe spreading of depolarizationinduced oligemia. While it is known that brain ischemia can induce spreading depression, triggers for the spontaneously occurring spreading depression in migraine remain uncertain. Recent experimental data in mice indicate that cerebral microembolism in the carotid circulation may cause a large reduction of local blood flow, which triggers cortical spreading depression without an obvious or enduring tissue signature. That same microembolic occlusion of cerebral arteries could trigger spreading depression in humans. Based on those observations and considering the association of both migraine and stroke with possible sources of cerebral microemboli, such as patent foramen ovale, it has been suggested that migraine and stroke might both be triggered by hypoperfusion and could therefore be part of a continuum of vascular complications in a subset of patients. However, because not all subjects with patent foramen ovale have migraine, the presence of cortical hyperexcitability is necessary in order to facilitate spreading depression. In our opinion, this theory, which advances the understanding of the link between migraine and stroke, should be expanded also to provide an explanation for the increased risk in migraineurs of other cardiovascular conditions such as ischemic heart disease, vascular retinopathy, and hemorrhagic stroke (Figure). Cortical hyperexcitability involves dysfunctions at the cellular level with increased influx of cations, disturbance of Na/K-ATPase activity, and decreased efflux of cations. The same alterations may be associated with functional and/or structural changes in blood vessels and hypoperfusion disorders. Similar electrophysiological changes could be present not only within the brain, but also in other tissues (eg, retina and heart), causing there the peculiar vascular vulnerability of migraineurs. Over time, and in the presence of other unknown factors, that vulnerability may lead to the development of vascular events. While no direct evidence of systemic cellular hyperexcitability in migraineurs has been documented, several lines of evidence document that, in migraineurs, the vascular system is impaired not only within the brain, but also at the systemic level. Indeed, an alteration of arterial function (greater stiffness or impaired compliance of the arterial system) and, according to some studies, also of endothelial function (altered flow-mediated dilation, reduced number of endothelial progenitor cells) has been shown in migraineurs, and summarized in a recent review. ISSN 0017-8748 doi: 10.1111/head.12436 Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Headache © 2014 American Headache Society


Objective To investigate measles antibody level of healthy populations in Yiliang county,so as to provide scientific basis for measles control and elimination. Methods Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was applied for qualitative and quantitative analysis of measles IgG antibody level among 365 people who were divided into group less than or equal to 5 years old and group above 5 years old. Results The population aged between 17 months and 19 years had 100% antibody positive rate and was classified as vaccinated population.Populations of other age groups had low positive rate of measles IgG antibody and was classified as unvaccinated populations with high risks of measles. Conclusion Populations under 17 months old and above 20 years old are vulnerable to measles and should be paid special attention to for comprehensive prevention and treatment of measles.


To realize the relationship between children patients and lead as harmful metallic element,lead level in hair of 2340 children patients in Longgang district,Shenzhen city was determined and analyzed.The result showed that there are close relations between communis diseases of children and the content of lead in organism.This research also showed that the children with high lead were lack of zinc and calcium.It maybe was the important reason that resulted in high lead in organism.


The invention belongs to the technical field of a cable and provides the cable and a preparation method thereof. The cable comprises a metal core and an insulation layer, wherein the insulation layer comprises components of PVC 35-55 parts, LDPE 17-26 parts, promoter 4-17 parts, Al2O3 5-11 parts, La2O3 11-17 parts, zirconium oxide 4-19 parts, stearic acid 12-17 parts, powdered steatile 11-19 parts and cross-linking agent 5-13 parts by weight. The cable has is excellent in performance and has good hear resistance, good insulation property, good machining property and chemical-resistant property.


The invention relates to an adhesive transdermal therapeutic system containing, as an active principle, an association of valentonin (VLT) and 6-methoxyharmalan (6-MH).


A digital image watermarking technique based on Back-Propagation neural networks (BPNN) is proposed. The BPN is a type of supervised learning neural networks. It is a very popular in neural networks. Using improved BPNN, the watermark can be embed into Discrete Wavelet Transform(DWT), which can reduce the error and improve the rate of the learning, the trained neural networks can recover the watermark from the watermarked images. The proposed method has good imperceptibility on the watermarked image and superior in terms of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR). The present work analyzes the performance of wavelet filters on variety of test images. The test images are of different size and resolution.


This paper presents a new method based on causality analysis for identifying key inter-industrial linkages. The method allows to overcome difficulties due to the inexistence of input-output tables in some countries as well as identify key sectors and their dynamic linkages. It is successfully applied to the Belgian case and seems, after a comparison with other estimation methods, suitable to application in other countries.


The elastic laminate having an expandable layer, for example, the off-axis apertured nonwoven web, and an elastic film layer is produced to provide the selective stretching and contraction in the lamination direction. The elastic laminate is particularly useful as a waist area panel in disposable pant-like garment. The elastic laminate, a nonwoven web, an elastic film, perforation, stretchability


In recent years the requirement for carp in the U.K. has escalated, mainly due to the restocking market. This demand cannot be met from mainland Europe because of import restrictions and home production has increased. Freshwater coarse fish farming has been historically unimportant in Britain and few scientific data exist for pond culture under British conditions. In general, continental guidelines are followed but the growing-on ponds are smaller. The climate and the nature of the sites have often resulted in unreliable spawning. First year survival and growth tends to be poorer but growth rates in the second year are comparable. Carp for restocking (c. 300 g) can be reared in 2 years and carp for the table (c. 1000 g) can sometimes be produced in 3 years. Levels of production, however, compare favourably with more traditional carp culture, up to 480 kg ha−1 per year using extensive cultivation and up to 2200 kg ha−1 per year with intensive rearing and pelleted foods. The sites in Britain for which data exist have, however, been eutrophic in contrast to the more mesotrophic sites on the mainland. This apparent difference in base, line productivity may explain the relatively good production performance so far in Britain.


Two random variables are defined, one by an initial ensemble perturbation at a given geographical location, and another by the analysis uncertainty at the same location. The initial ensemble perturbations are said to be statistically consistent with the analysis uncertainty if the probability density functions of the two aforementioned random variables are equal. In this paper, it is shown how observed data can be used to test this statistical consistency. The usefulness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by an application to the global ensemble forecasting system of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction. Targeted dropsonde observations, collected during the 2000 Winter Storm Reconnaissance program, are used to show that increasing the rescaling frequency in the breeding cycle from once a day to four times a day improves the consistency of the initial ensemble perturbations.


Seroconversion to Sars-cov-2 has been widely studied to evaluate infection spreading for epidemiological purpose, or even in studies of protective immunity in convalescent or vaccinated individuals. The viral particle has an envelope harboring the SPIKE glycoprotein, which can be used as an antigen for assay development, to detect antiviral antibodies to Sars-CoV-2. Since several vaccines encode a SPIKE subunit, the full length spike-based immunoassay should be a universal tool to evaluate seroconversion. In this manuscript, we propose a low-cost assay that can be used to detect antiviral IgG to Sars-Cov-2 in human serum.


A series of novel polymers containing a bis-silicon-bridged p-terphenyl skeleton in the main chain is synthesized using hydrosilylation reactions with 6,12-dihydro-6,12-dimethyl-6,12-disilaindeno[1,2-b]fluorene (2) as the key monomer. Their photophysical and thermal properties are investigated and compared with those of the related monomer and model compounds. All polymers show an improved thermal stability with respect to the small molecules. In dilute solutions, the polymers constructed with alternate bis-silicon-bridged p-terphenyl and saturated unit show constant emission maximum wavelengths and fluorescence quantum yields, comparable to those of monomer 2, while the polymer having an unsaturated linkage between the bis-silicon-bridged p-terphenyl units exhibits a low fluorescence quantum yield with a red-shifted emission maximum wavelength.


The invention discloses a preparation method for a health cigarette, and a product. The preparation method for the health cigarette is characterized by comprising the following steps of: boiling mixed liquid of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 2 to 4 percent of sliced dwarf lilyturf root, 2 to 4 percent of sliced asparagus, 5 to 10 percent of sliced liquoric root, 5 to 7 percent of unibract fritillary bulb and the balance of water, cooling to 40 to 50 DEG C, immersing tobacco leaves in the filtered clear liquid for 25 to 40 minutes, taking the tobacco leaves out, mixing the tobacco leaves, Mongolian dandelion herb leaves and fresh heartleaf houttuynia herb leaves according to the proportion of 1:1:2, drying, and coiling the leaves to prepare the cigarette. The cigarette prepared from traditional Chinese medicines reduces the tobacco content, and has the effects of preventing and treating pneumonia, phthisis, sore throat and constipation.


Communicative ability is a very important aspect of one′s language competence.It lays emphasis on the real application of language,therefore,to simulate the studentis interest in study.This essay is to put forward the necessity of the application of communicative teaching method in listening course by listing its strategies and advantages,analyzing some problems.


Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has had dramatic effects on morbidity and mortality, but adverse effects and multiclass resistance continue to threaten


The digitalization of photography has been ongoing for the past 20 years. We have progressed through hard resistance and modest acceptance, to the current state of total adoption of digitalization. Despite this, digital photography is still mainly a simulation of analogue technology and technique. Theories and voices have however been raised through the years for a more holistic view of digital imaging, and the convergence of digital photography into the wider realm of digital image making, breaking the bond with its analogue past. My thesis "The Digitalization of the Image – A Pixelated Future" is a survey into the metamorphosing essence of the photograph, an insight into its new digital aesthetics, a dive into social media and new ways of distribution, and a look at what the future holds in terms of augmented and virtual reality. All topics and fields of exploration that photographers and image makers of today should find essential and interesting in relation to their work. I have immersed myself in these questions through my own work and series of photographic and media art, which are also used extensively as examples and case studies in the thesis. The main hypothesis is that photography as we knew it for the past 180 years is gone. Photography has been replaced by a generic, formless amoeba by the name of digital imaging. Secondly, the old aesthetic values of analogue photography have lost relevance when applied to digital images, and should be discarded in favour of the inherent aesthetic values of digital images. Third, social media and consumer generated images distributed through networks have become the dominant form of visual images consumed and created, arguing for a rekindled need of media education. Theoretically the work is balanced with writings on photography and its nature from various sources. We have classic text by Susan Sontag, Roland Barthes and Walter Benjamin, opposed by theoreticians on digital imaging, Charlie Gere, Fred Ritchin and W. J. Mitchell. Just to name a few of the voices who come to bear in the thesis. Relevant material is presented in an open dialogue with my own views and findings on the various topics of the thesis. The findings and conclusions, as well as some questions left open in wait for future developments in the field of digital imaging, have all grown to fruition during my personal explorations into digital imaging. An exploration that has spanned nearly two decades, centring around both still and film production, and extensive theoretical research. It can be concluded, that digital imaging is on the verge of replacing the old concepts of analogue photography brought over to digital photography, with new a more universal once. A blurring of boundaries between still and moving images has already happened, both with technology and practice. Social media and new distribution channels provided by the Internet have disrupted the old structures of traditional media. Consumers have become both producers of visual content and the largest distributors of it. We are already living in the future, even if we stubbornly cling to the past and try to simulate it with new technology. Reality as we know it will change with an ever-increasing pace, taking soon the step over to augmented and virtual reality. Current and future image makers should consider what it really means to create images in a digital universe, and take steps in order to stay on top of changes and guide the direction of trends and progress.


To cancel the negative influence of the polarization variety of the incident light on a coherent system because,one of the effective methods is to depolarize the incident light.Making use of the characteristic of liquid crystal whose refractive index n along z is various with the deflection orientation of the liquid crystal element,the polarization of the liquid crystal can be arbitrarily controlled by changing the voltage of the liquid crystal and the light can propagate at arbitrary polarization.A new depolarizer composed of two liquid crystal was proposed in the paper.Experimental results show that the liquid crystal depolarizer is insensitive to the polarization state of the incident light and can totally depolarize CW or pulsed monochromatic light with arbitrary polarization states.The depolarizer has the potential to keep the polarization state of the fiber injection laser system of the ICF driver.


The COVID-19 pandemic has been exacerbated in the US by misinformation and disregard for public health recommendations. In this Viewpoint, Peter Hotez explores the anti-science movement in America, emphasizing our unique historical connections to health and medical freedom.


The influence of a rutilizing additive in hydrated titanium dioxide is studied at its dehydration within the range of temperatures from 100 to 230° С. The quantity of major impurities is determined using an atom-emission spectrometer. Also, the X-ray diffraction analysis of obtained samplesis performed.


Property Location With a stay at Lovina Beach Hotel in Buleleng, you'll be on the beach and minutes from Lovina Beach. This beach hotel is within the vicinity of Brahma Vihara Arama and Banjar Hot Springs.Rooms Make yourself at home in one of the 22 air-conditioned..


A simple and new technique has been developed using plastic scintillator detectors for cosmic ray spectroscopy without single channel analyzer (SCA) or multichannel analyzer (MCA). In this technique only a leading edge discriminator (LED) and a NIM scaler have been used. Plastic scintillator detectors has been used to measure the velocity of cosmic ray muons. Here the time difference has been measured from the Tektronix DPO 5054 digital phosphor oscilloscope with 500 MHz and 5 GS/s. The details of experimental technique, analysis procedure and experimental results are presented.


Patients' expectations for medical care are of increasing interest to clinicians, policymakers, and researchers. For clinicians, understanding and attempting to meet these expectations is an inherent responsibility [1] and may lead to increased patient satisfaction [2]. For policymakers, patients' expectations warrant attention because of their potential influence on health care utilization [3] and because fulfillment of expectations is one measure of the quality of health care systems [1, 4]. For researchers, patients' expectations can serve as both independent and dependent variables in studies of health care utilization, costs, quality, and satisfaction. Thus, further understanding of patients' expectations could improve the clinical process of care, health care delivery systems, and health services research. Although several studies [5] have highlighted the importance of patients' expectations, none has directly addressed the question of what influences the development and expression of these expectations. Obtaining a more thorough understanding of this process is important for two reasons. First, it may sensitize physicians to patients' concerns and facilitate more effective communication and clinical care; second, it could lead to strategies for helping patients form more consistently reasonable expectations in this era of limited medical resources. We sought to identify influences on the development of patients' expectations by interviewing patients whose expectations about an office visit were unmet. In doing this, we focused on three questions. First, what is the prevalence of patient-reported omissions of care after visits to internists? Second, what factors influence the development of patients' expectations and patients' perceptions of omissions in care? Third, how do patients come to articulate perceived omissions of care? After describing the methods by which our data were collected and analyzed, we present the characteristics of the patients who were interviewed and the prevalence of unfulfilled expectations reported by these patients. We then discuss the various sources of patients' expectations. Finally, we discuss the implications of our findings for clinical effectiveness and health policy. Methods Sampling of Practices and Patients Our study was done in three general internal-medicine practices in a mid-sized city in northern California. Two practices were branch offices of a large group-model health maintenance organization. Within these two practices, all patients were members of the health maintenance organization and received care on a capitated basis; the 10 physicians and three nurse practitioners were each paid a salary. The third practice consisted of 8 general internists (2 of whom had additional subspecialty training) and one nurse practitioner, all of whom worked in a single private office and received a combination of salary and productivity bonuses. Patients in this practice were insured under various prepaid and fee-for-service plans. All three practices attempted to schedule patients with their own regular practitioners when possible. We selected these practices to represent the dominant models of health care in northern California, an area heavily penetrated by managed care. Because managed care providers may have financial incentives to restrict medical care, managed care settings are potential sites of conflict between patients' expectations and the ability of clinicians to meet those expectations. During 36 half-day sessions (12 sessions per practice) scheduled between October and December 1994, trained research assistants approached patients in waiting rooms and encouraged them to complete a brief form that was designed to identify and thus exclude patients presenting for routine checkups. [In preliminary research, we had found that such patients were relatively unlikely to have unmet expectations.] The form asked two questions: 1) Do you have a new or worsening problem that you wish to discuss with the doctor today [yes or no]? and 2) How concerned are you that you might have a serious disease or condition that has not yet been diagnosed (not-at-all to extremely)? Of the 1221 patients who completed the form, 804 had a new or worsening problem or were at least moderately concerned about an undiagnosed condition and thus were eligible for further study. Of the 804 eligible patients, 688 (86%) agreed to participate in the study and completed a post-visit questionnaire that asked about demographic characteristics, recent health care utilization, health status, satisfaction with the visit, and perceived omissions of care. The core of the written survey was eight questions about perceived omissions of care. Patients were given the following instructions: When people go to the doctor, they usually bring some thoughts about how he or she can be of the most help. Sometimes, however, the doctor may not be able or willing to do exactly what the patient wants These questions are about things you felt were necessary for the doctor to do today but which (for whatever reason) didn't happen These instructions were followed by questions about sets of possible omissions involving physician preparation for the visit; history taking; physical examination; laboratory testing or diagnostic imaging; prescription of medication; referral to specialists; information, counseling, or personal help; and anything else you felt was necessary or might be necessary for the doctor to do today but which didn't happen. The wording of the instructions reflected semantic concerns reviewed elsewhere [5] and was intended to convey a broad definition of patients' expectations, emphasizing expectations as things that patients value. Of the 688 respondents, 125 (18%) reported one or more omissions and 108 (86%) consented in writing to participate in a telephone interview within several days of the visit. Telephone Interviews Within 1 to 7 days of the visit, one investigator conducted telephone interviews with 90 of the 108 patients who had reported one or more omissions on their questionnaire and who had provided their home telephone numbers as part of the consent process. The interviewer identified himself as a researcher from UC Davis but not as a physician (he did say that he was a physician if specifically asked). The interviewing approach was modeled on the critical incident technique [6], which focuses on patients' accounts of events that have actually happened rather than on generalizations or opinions [7]. In this case, the critical incident was the perceived omission of care. Thus, the opening question was, You mentioned on your questionnaire that you were hoping that the doctor would [perform a particular intervention], but that didn't happen. Can you tell me more about that? Patient interviews averaged 15 minutes in length. Data Transformation Of the 90 interviews, 88 were successfully tape recorded and transcribed. To locate key themes related to the genesis of patients' expectations for care, we used an iterative process, which began with a careful reading by three investigators of approximately 20 randomly selected transcripts. In a series of meetings, the research team developed by consensus a preliminary coding scheme. Codes were developed inductively, consistent with the grounded theory approach used in sociology [8, 9]. We focused on the sources and the process of development of patient's expectations. Examples of codes and their definitions are shown in Table 1. Table 1. Selected Coding Categories Used To Examine Patients' Expectations for Care* In the second stage of the analysis, the lead investigator applied the coding scheme to 50% of the transcripts (n = 44) by using a qualitative research tool, the Ethnograph [10]. A health psychologist independently coded 20% of these transcripts. The coefficient for inter-rater reliability at the coded-segment level was 0.39, indicating moderate agreement beyond chance. The lead investigator then coded the remaining transcripts, and the study team as a whole reviewed the results and reached a consensus on major concepts and themes. Results Patient Characteristics The patients who completed the post-visit survey (n = 688) had a mean age of 51 years and a mean education level of 14.2 years; 63% were female and 83% were white. Six percent were visiting a physician for an initial, comprehensive evaluation; 49% were making follow-up visits with their own physicians; 38% were being seen on an urgent basis by someone other than their own physicians; and 7% were making other types of visits. In terms of sex, education level, and the percentage of patients who were making follow-up visits to their own physicians, the group of patients who reported at least one omission of care (n = 125) was similar to the group of patients who reported no omissions of care. However, patients with unmet expectations were younger (mean age, 47 years compared with 52 years; P = 0.001). The likelihood of reporting one or more omissions was lowest among the 188 patients aged 65 years and older (11% reported one or more omissions), highest for the 127 patients younger than 35 years of age (23% reported one or more omissions), and intermediate for the 365 middle-aged patients (20% reported one or more omissions) (P = 0.007). Patients who reported at least one omission were less likely than patients who did not report an omission to provide an excellent rating for the visit overall (35% compared with 75%; P < 0.001). Prevalence of Unmet Expectations A total of 125 patients (18.2%) reported at least one unfulfilled expectation within eight broad categories of care (Table 2). The prevalence of specific perceived omissions ranged from 2.8% (for failure to provide needed information, counseling, or personal help) to 5.5% (for omission of a component of the physical examination) (Table 2). Among patients who reported at least one perceived omission, the mean number of perceived omissions S


The problem addressed in the paper is that of computing minimal siphons in standard Petri nets. In particular, some new theoretical results are stated and proved which aim at reducing the original problem to a set of smaller sub-problems. Based on that, a conceptual algorithm is proposed which efficiently computes a set of siphons containing the minimal siphons of a net. An experimental prototypical version of the proposed search algorithm has been developed and a campaign on a large set of random test instances has been carried out to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.


In robotically assisted surgical procedures the surgical tool is usually inserted in the patient's body through a small incision, which acts as a constraint for the motion of the robot, known as remote center of Motion (RCM). The location of the insertion point on the patient's body has huge effects on the performances of the surgical robot. In this work we present an offline pre-operative framework to identify the optimal insertion point location in order to guarantee accurate and safe surgical task execution. The approach is validated using a serial-link manipulator in conjunction with a surgical robotic tool to perform a tumor resection task, while avoiding nearby organs. Results show that the framework is capable of identifying the best insertion point ensuring high dexterity, high tracking accuracy, and safety in avoiding nearby organs.


This study proposed new method of improving voltage profile utilizing addition of inversed reduced Jacobian matrix elements vertically with the aim of determining location of reactive power compensation installation.This method is tested using actual network in Indonesia. In this analysis, enhancement of power system stability includes of voltage improvement and increase in stability index. By using this proposed method several buses appear as an ideal place for installation of capacitors. The results are also compared to different configuration to validate and demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. Keywords - voltage profile, voltage stability, voltage collapse, modal analysis, steady-state analysis, reactive power compensations, reactive participation index.


To ensure the iris information transmitted in network safely,a compound chaos encryption system(CCES)is proposed,which is the combination of Arnold transform and OCML,to encrypt iris image.Using Arnold transform is to shuffle and confuse iris image,and then by mirrored method to solve the question of zero position invariable.Finally,the shuffled iris image is encrypted by OCML chaos system.The experiment shows that this algorithm has such advantages: larger key space,better key sensitivity and statistical characteristics,faster encryption speed.The average encryption time is about 70ms.


This study was conducted on a total of 139 visually impaired athletes with different visual acuity, 15-18 aged, to define their reasons for starting sports and expectations from sports. The principle of voluntariness was taken into consideration. According to the participants' gender, disability status, branches of sports, marital status, age groups, education levels, level of income, and visual acuity, the analysis on the reasons and expectations of individuals with visual disability starting sports between the ages of 15-18 were analyzed. "The Scale of Reasons for Starting Sports and Expectations from Sports" was used as a data collection tool in the study. In this study in which analysis on reasons of starting sports and expectations from sports were done; SPSS 22.00 program, used in quantitative study, was used in this study, the data are summarized by giving percentage and frequency tables. In this study, Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.857. In conclusion, in this study, the reasons for starting sports and expectations from sports of 15-18 aged individuals with a visual disability were analyzed. In this sense, this study is important in terms of examining the effects of sports on disabled people and attracting attention to other individuals with disabilities. In addition, it is recommended that a new study should be carried out to evaluate the reasons for determining the reasons for starting sports and expectations from sports of other individuals with disabilities. Article visualizations:


A number of proposals have been suggested to explain the mechanism of plasmacytosis and hypergammaglobulinemia in mink infected with Aleutian disease (AD) virus. That the virus induces a myeloma-like proliferation of plasma cells and the production of immunoglobulins not directed toward specific antigens was suggested by several workers (1–5). The transition from polyclonal to monoclonal gammopathies in 10% to 20% of the infected mink with genotypes Aa and AA (non-Aleutian mink) supports this suggestion (2). However, detection of anti-virus antibody in the form of infectious virus-antibody complexes (6) and by direct and indirect immunofluorescence on infected tissue (7; J. B. Henson and T. B. Crawford, manuscript in preparation) demonstrates that some of the hypergammaglobulinemia represents antibody to AD viral antigens. A previous attempt by other investigators to demonstrate complement-fixation (CF) between AD-affected sera and infectious organ homogenates was unsuccessful (1).


We tested the hypothesis that air pollution may affect population densities of birch‐feeding leafminers via changes in ant predation. Foraging activity of three ant species (Formica rufa, F. fusca and F. lemani), predation rates and population densities of both solitary and gregarious Eriocrania (Lepidoptera: Eriocraniidae) miners were investigated at 13 sites around the Harjavalta copper‐nickel smelter, SW Finland. Ant species differed in their distribution patterns relative to pollution. However, the total percentage of birch trees foraged by ants (all species combined) showed no correlation with the distance from the factory complex. As a result, no clear trends in predation rates were apparent in relation to the distance from the pollution source for either solitary or gregarious Eriocrania species. Densities of the solitary Eriocrania species tended to increase with the distance from the pollution source whereas densities of the gregarious E. haworthi peaked close to the factory complex. No corresponding differences in predation rates between solitary and gregarious miners were found. Ant predation, thus, did not explain density patterns of Eriocrania miners in the polluted area.


FTIR is a well-established technique and there is significant interest in applying this technique to medical diagnostics e.g. to detect cancer. The introduction of focal plane array (FPA) detectors means that FTIR is particularly suited to rapid imaging of biopsy sections as an adjunct to digital pathology. Until recently however each pixel in the image has been limited to a minimum of 5.5 µm which results in a comparatively low magnification image or histology applications and potentially the loss of important diagnostic information. The recent introduction of higher magnification optics gives image pixels that cover approx. 1.1 µm. This reduction in image pixel size gives images of higher magnification and improved spatial detail can be observed. However, the effect of increasing the magnification on spectral quality and the ability to discriminate between disease states is not well studied. In this work we test the discriminatory performance of FTIR imaging using both standard (5.5 µm) and high (1.1 µm) magnification for the detection of colorectal cancer and explore the effect of binning to degrade high resolution images to determine whether similar diagnostic information and performance can be obtained using both magnifications. Results indicate that diagnostic performance using high magnification may be reduced as compared to standard magnification when using existing multivariate approaches. Reduction of the high magnification data to standard magnification via binning can potentially recover some of the lost performance.


The article highlights scientifically based design decisions on system-wide issues related to the functional structure of the daily monitoring task of implementing by the territorial-production system its production plan, the nature of its internal and external communications, interaction and interdependence of its functional and supporting parts. The solution of the daily monitoring task of implementing by the territorial-production system its production plan with the electronic digital machines and using subscriber stations as the main data collection and logging devices allows: to reduce the processing time and obtaining accounting and economic as well as analytical information; to reduce the complexity of the calculations; to improve the reliability and quality of the monitoring; to monitor systematically the implementation of the plan and take timely measures to eliminate backlogs; to calculate production and economic plans for the units for the next twenty-four hours with regard to their implementation for the given twenty-for hours. The prospect for the further research is solving the given problem on the basis of a more complete regulation (system of rules) allowing to obtain operational accounting and economic as well as analytical information about the causes of deviations during the implementation of the production and economic plan. the cost of production. Global trends of financial policy by the State in the dairy foods subcomplex of AIC have been analyzed. It has been determined that structure of exports of Ukrainian products to external markets needs to be adjusted. Promising in this direction can be the market of milk powder in China, which presently experiences a steady tendency to growth.


Using two kinds of reanalysis data, this study explores latitudinal (southward) extension of cooling and upwelling signals in the stratosphere associated with major stratospheric sudden warmings (SSWs) in Northern winter. A composite analysis of SSWs reveals that the cooling and upwelling signals do extend to Southern mid-latitudes exceeding about 30&degS. A further examination on event-to-event variability shows that the SSW-associated cooling in the equatorial stratosphere tends to be stronger when strong wave driving extends more equatorward to subtropical latitudes. Such changes to the wave driving are notable for several cases in horizontal patterns of planetary wave breaking.


The change of B(a)P content in camellia oil during two different heating treatments including microwave irradiation and conventional heating was discussed. The results showed that the heating methods affected the content of B(a)P in camellia oil because of different heating mechanisms. In the process of conventional heating,the amount of B(a)P in camellia oil increased with time,but at a certain temperature,oil smoke produced by camellia oil would take away part of B(a)P. As a result,the content of B(a)P detected in camellia oil presented the trend of dropping first, then rising and dropping with time( 120min). While in microwave heating,the content of B(a)P showed a decline after the first growing trend as the increase of power and time.


In light of the enhanced accountability provisions,and recent case law development in relation to directors' liability, non-executive directorships are being treated with more caution. Nominated directors are carefully weighing up the benefit and the risk in accepting any appointments. However, this is not always the case and companies may find themselves with directors who have "overboarded" and under-delivered.


The solubilities of luteolin in methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, acetone, hexane, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at T = (273.15, 283.15, 298.15, 313.15, and 333.15) K were measured. The solubility of luteolin increases with increasing temperature, but there was no correlation with the number of carbon in the solvents. The nonideal solution model and an empirical equation were used to correlate the solid−liquid equilibrium data.


Previously, in referring to civil engineering, I have likened it to a talented symphony orchestra comprising a broad spectrum of specialists in their chosen skills, but too often an orchestra without a conductor! What about this "conductor" for the engineering orchestra? He is not a generalist, but a new specialist engineer-manager to serve in the management capacities that were mentioned earlier in these remarks. This new specialist might be the engineer-planner, whose presence is so sorely needed among the cadres of experts in the many fields of civil engineering. He might also be the "enterprise engineer" referred to by Jay Forrester, or the "social engineer" contemplated by the State University of New York, in a new bachelor degree program that would train a new type of engineer, strong in the behavioral and biological sciences, statistical mathematics, systems modeling, probability theory, and computer systems. He would be the creative original thinker whose specialty would be synthesizing new approaches to society's long-range problems.


The reasonable selection on reheat roop for steam side of IGCC with dual pressure reheat cycle was discribed. The IGCC off design perpormance model, calculation results and analysis were discribed too. It pointed out that like general combined cycle, IGCC off design performance can be improved by adjusting the compressor's IGV. Figs 10 and refs 6.


This chapter serves as a summary of relevant research of the ALUMADECK system and includes other literature concerned with the structural behavior of bridges. The ALUMADECK system has been developed over the last few years; therefore, there is little literature pertaining solely to its behavior. Research conducted on bridge behavior (i.e., load distribution and dynamic load allowance) is more prevalent. Because this research has four basic scopes (load distribution amongst the girders, dynamic load allowances for the girders, composite action between the girders and deck, and developed deck stresses) the literature review is sectioned accordingly. The section associated with the deck stresses is actually a brief review of literature on the effects of welding on the fatigue behavior of aluminum details and a discussion of S-N curves (Stress versus Cycles to failure curves) for welded details. An opening section reviewing uncommon terminology is included, in addition to a background section reviewing the use of aluminum in past bridges and the literature thus far concerning the ongoing three-phase study. 2.2 Terminology Terms that are not frequently used in the general area of structural engineering are discussed in this section. In particular, the terms deal with bridge design, bridge testing, and bridge evaluation. There are three subsystems used by bridge engineers that serve to divide a bridge into distinct sections. The subsystems are the foundation, the substructure, and the superstructure. The foundation consists of the footings and piles used to distribute the load to the ground elements. For single span bridges, the substructure consists of the bridge bearings, which are the components that serve to transfer forces from the superstructure to the substructure, and the abutments, which are a particular type of


In this BSc thesis we focus on the family of very symmetric graphs, known as distance transitive graphs. These are the graphs such that, given any two vertices u and v at any distance and any other two vertices x and y at the same distance, there is an automorphism of the graph that carries u to x and v to y. Distance transitive graphs are thus in some sense graphs with maximal degree of symmetry.
In the BSc thesis the concept of distance transitive graphs is presented and some basic results about these graphs are proved. Some infinite families of such graphs are presented. The main part of the thesis is the classfication of cubic distance tranistive graphs. We show that there exist exactly 12 such graphs.


Students will further develop social work knowledge and skills, translating social work practice philosophy into sustainable, ethical social work. An emphasis is placed on effective social work intervention with individuals, groups, and communities. This Literature Reviews are not Research Articles!


This study aims to develop a search for dark matter in a signature of missing transverse energy and jets in the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. I generated and validated a Z'-pair production model and I set up the analysis strategy for the background estimation, defining control regions and preparing the main background extraction from these.


Our goal is to evaluate whether the administration of thrombolytic treatment has varying effects on clinical and radiological outcomes in patients with large‐vessel occlusion stroke, based on the type of stroke center where the treatment was given (thrombectomy‐capable center versus local stroke center).

 We included patients with an acute ischemic large‐vessel occlusion stroke who were directly admitted to thrombectomy‐capable centers and treated with endovascular thrombectomy, or were transferred from local stroke centers as thrombectomy candidates, in Catalonia, Spain, between 2017 and 2021. The primary outcome was the shift analysis on the modified Rankin scale score at 90 days. Secondary outcomes included death at 90 days and the rate of parenchymal hemorrhage and successful reperfusion. Inverse‐probability weighting clustered at the type of stroke center was used to estimate the effects.

 The analysis included 2268 patients directly admitted to thrombectomy‐capable centers, of whom 975 (49%) were treated with thrombolysis, and 938 patients transferred from local stroke centers, of whom 580 (66%) were treated with thrombolysis and 616 (67%) were treated with thrombectomy. Mean age was 72 (SD ±13) years, median National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score was 17 (interquartile range, 12–21), and 1363 patients were women (48%). Patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis were younger, had shorter time from onset to first image, higher Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score, and lower rates of wake‐up stroke, atrial fibrillation, and anticoagulation intake. Patients treated with thrombolysis had better functional outcome at 90 days, with no difference between patients directly admitted to thrombectomy‐capable centers (adjusted common odds ratio [acOR], 1.50 [95% CI, 1.24–1.81]) and patients transferred from local stroke centers (acOR, 1.44 [95% CI, 1.04–2.01]). Patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis had lower death rate, higher rate of parenchymal hematoma, and similar rate of successful reperfusion, with no difference according to type of center (
 P
 interaction
 >0.1).

 Administration of intravenous thrombolysis in patients with a large‐vessel stroke with intention of thrombectomy was associated with lower degrees of disability, lower death rate, and higher rates of parenchymal hematoma both in thrombectomy‐capable centers and in local stroke centers.


Various observers have noted that the fluctuation of pitch in the normal vocal vibrato is accompanied by a fluctuation of loudness and of timbre. Although this coupling is an implicit outgrowth of the formant principle, the point does not appear to have been explicitly pointed out in the literature, and seems to have been missed by some. Consider any single partial lying on the slope of a resonance peak, such as a vowel formant. If the slope is positive, an increase in frequency leads to an increase in intensity; if negative, the converse is true. Since the voice has many partials randomly located with respect to the formants, the loudness may be expected to vary with pitch, but with sometimes a positive and sometimes a negative phase relation. The overtone structure will also vary though the vibrato cycle. This timbre vibrato is clearly shown in a motion picture made some years ago at Bell Telephone Laboratories. Several other interesting points concerning the practical utility of the vibrato in singing ...


The changes of chemical state and multilayer structure of Ru capped multilayer mirrors (MLMs) by irradiation of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) from synchrotron radiation (SR) were investigated using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). It was found that irradiation induced Si diffusion and Si oxidation. Calculation of temperature distribution showed that Si diffusion was less relevant to temperature during irradiation.


As museum exhibition become technically complex and design teams more specialised and fragmented, the need to plan and co-ordinate the design process with greater quality is becoming important. According to previous research of museum studies, traditional object-based displays are being replaced by multi-disciplinary technology -based exhibits in science museums, therefore, a specifically multi-disciplinary model is necessary to develop a workable MEDP model. This research explores the theory of design processes and museum exhibitions toward integrating as a means of museum exhibition design process. The study takes a comprehensive look at how a design process model used in developing museum exhibitions within the multi-disciplinary design work. Research methods comprise an exploratory study of literature and collected data, the development of case studies and qualitative analysis of the results in terms of MEDP methodology. The research also examines theoretical models (Architectural, product and exhibition) and develops a small number of case studies of how design concepts are managed in real-world practice. The aim of this research is to develop a systematic design process that allows designers and curators to cope with the complexities of multi-disciplinary design working as well as meet curatorial requirements in the museum exhibition context. In particular, this study aims: (a) To identify the characteristics and concepts of the design process as they relate to exhibition design; (b) To establish the benefits of the application of design process theory to the practice of museum exhibition design; (c) To examine the feasibility of applying a museum exhibition process framework to museum requirements and needs; (d) To contribute to a more complete understanding of museum design management by developing guidelines for adoption in practice.


Plastic recycling is the most effective way to solve plastic pollution. Color recognition of plastic is a key step in the plastic recycling process, which is very important for improving the utilization rate of waste plastic. At present, the manual recognition method is inefficient and cannot meet the requirements of large-scale production, while the existing color recognition based on machine vision has problems such as low recognition accuracy of similar colors, complicated algorithm and high system cost. According to the above problems, a color recognition method based on multi-wavelength transmission spectrum was proposed in this paper for the color recognition of colorless, light blue, light green and apple green transparent plastic. For each transparent plastic, the transmission spectra at 381 nm, 439 nm, 620 nm and white transmission light source were obtained, and the ratios of R, G and B wavebands of the transmission spectra were used to set up a color feature, which was then used for color recognition. A color recognition model was established based on the color features and naive Bayes model. The 10-fold cross-validation results showed that the recognition accuracy of the four colors of transparent plastic reached 100%.


The transportation industry is closely related to the macroeconomic development. The transportation services index (TSI) can be used to measure the relationship between them. The freight services index in Henan Province (HNFSI) is proposed based on the TSI. The HNFSI index is used to analyze the correlation, the periodicity, and the impact of COVID-19 between the development of economic and transportation in Henan Province. The results show that the correlation coefficient between the HNFSI index and the Growth Rate of Industrial Added Value which represents trends in economic development, is 0.745. The freight transportation demand increases with a certain periodicity and regularity. Due to the influence of COVID-19, the HNFSI in January 2020 decreased by 37.7% compared to the same period of 2019, and decreased by 56.3% in February. However, after March 2020, the freight service is greatly improved. © ASCE.


Because of the difficulties met during X-ray computerized tomography(CT)development whichcannot be overcomed in itself, it has very important theoretical and practical values for us to find new radia-tion sources and explore new reconstruction theories and methods。 Based on the results of X-ray CT and theprinciple of microwave scattering, the theory of microwave diffraction tomography is demonstrated and a newFourier domain fast reconstruction algorithm has been worked out for the first time。A software system forthe algorithm was set up, with which a successful data imitation experiment for reconstruction of cylinderswith various sizes and dielectric constant was completed and a correct conclusion was reached. Discussion ofthe theory and algorithm may also provide a new way for X-ray CT research, and has some reference and use-ful value for the limited-view reconstruction problems。


abstract:The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic required shifting information literacy instruction from face-to-face to online formats at the University Libraries of the University of South Dakota. This case study narrates how the instructional team there introduced innovations into a Freshman Writing course that enabled instrumental (that is, goal-oriented) and relational teaching in the online-only environment. The team applied social network theory and a disaster response model to plan and analyze their innovations. The affordances of the Zoom video conferencing platform and the embedded librarian model enabled them to expand their information literacy instruction to include online students for the first time. The instructional team plans to extend these innovations to other information literacy mandated courses.


Despite the promising properties of Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs), its integration with Transport Layer Security (TLS), has not been explored yet. We then present a PUF based machine to machine (M2M) authentication extension for TLS. An Authenticated Key Exchange (AKE) protocol termed DHZKP based on PUF is designed. We develop this protocol as a TLS extension, and prove its security.


H.264/AVC adopts advanced intra prediction technology to enhance coding efficiency.As a result,the computational load increases drastically.A fast intra prediction algorithm is proposed in this paper.Take the advantage of MAD and the correlation in temporal domain/spatial domain,it predicts every macroblock before coding,then select between intra4×4(I4)and intra16×16(I16)prediction modes.For I4 prediction,compute D(bx,br)between the current block and the reference block,and then judge whether or not skip the process of mode decision.Therefore,coding time will be reduced drastically.Experimental results show that compared to JM10.2,for all intra frames the timesaving in average is about 59.03%;and for IPPP,the timesaving in average is about 22.76%.The bit-rate and SNRY are almost invariability.Furthermore,the algorithm is prone to implement on FPGA platform,and can be used in practice.


This paper subsumes the mysticism of Chinese law by distinguishing it from other bodies of law, while also rendering it transcendental in the contemporary universal legal context. It is also an attempt to romanticize Chinese constitutional law, as afertile ground that can be used to re-thread the fabric of Eritrean constitutional order. The root of this research is nournished by an extravagance of ideas and desires, which if applied can make the ubiquity and plasticity of the rule of law flow across what is perceived to be "unyielding" borders. Eritrea has just turned twenty-five and despite a tangled post-independence period, the country has been successful in articulating and advancing the vision of the pre-independence generation. Today, Eritrea envisages rejuvenating its governance with a new constitution that not only talks to post-independence Eritreans, but also triggers sustainable development with substantive emphasis on the rule of law. Eritrean endeavours can easily open up to the seductive appeal of the rich conceptual enigma of Chinese constitutional polity, China being one of the countries with the oldest legal traditions in the world. It is axiomatic that Chinese constitution-centred governance, which is well adorned with Chinese characteristics, is pre-eminent, for it has influenced China since 1949 to aptly rise as the world's second largest economy. This paper illustrates that Eritrean constitutional polity can be examined through a Chinese lens, to be calibrated in such a way as to exhibit Eritrean characteristics, and still govern by the rule of law.


This article examines the relationship between market orientation and entrepreneurship in small to medium-sized second-generation Chinese family businesses. Market orientation is captured through a multi-dimensional framework, which defines a spectrum between a market orientation pole and a family orientation pole. The Schumpeterian tradition is adopted in entrepreneurship investigation, which emphasises the innovation outcomes. Findings are discussed by using a socialisation view. Analysis indicates that the owner-manager's socialisation patterns have a significant impact on the firm's entrepreneurial processes, which nuances the relationship between market orientation and entrepreneurship in second-generation Chinese family businesses.


Electrochemical behavior of norepinephrine(NE) on the L-Cysteine-modified electrode was investigated by cyclic voltammetry(CV) and square wave voltammetry(SWV).Results show that the L-Cys/Au electrode in 0.1(mol/L) buffer solutions at pH 7.0 has an obvious electrocatalytic effect on the oxidation and deoxidization of NE.The oxidation current of NE is linear with its concentration in the range of 1.0×10~(-6)~4.0×10~(-5) mol/L and 6.0×10~(-5)~4.0×10~(-4) mol/L with correlation coefficient of 0.9941 and 0.9962,respectively.The detection limit is 5.0×10~(-7) mol/L.While the modified electrode was applied to the determination of injection samples and recovery test of NE,the results are satisfactory.


The electrical properties and the fabrication of single-crystal Al on GaAs microjunctions are described. The devices have a lower barrier height and smaller excess noise at high current densities than junctions prepared by conventional metal-deposition techniques. The improved noise properties are obtained by the elimination of nonuniform current conduction due to oxide clusters at the metal-semiconductor interface.


In light of the characteristics of the Yangtze River of deep water and swift current,and under consideration of the influences of dynamic water pressure on the stress of flexible mattress during sinking,this paper analyzes the stress on flexible mattress with concrete ballast,based on which,the calculation formulae for the stress on flexible mattress in different ways of laying are established.The theoretical calculation result by the formulae is in good agreement with the field data,and the relative error is only around 4%.


Individual level job performance is one of the central constructs of organizational research. Drawing on two sets of literature that have largely been kept separate (job attitudes and social networ...


Background. Since 1993 the Pan American Health Organization has coordinated a surveillance network with the National Reference Laboratories of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Uruguay aimed at monitoring capsular types and antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing invasive disease in children <6 years of age. Methods. The surveillance system included children 6 years of age and younger with invasive disease caused by S. pneumoniae. The identification, capsular typing and susceptibility to penicillin of the isolates were conducted using a common protocol, based on standard methodologies. Results. By June, 1999, 4105 invasive pneumococcal isolates had been collected mainly from pneumonia (44.1%) and meningitis (41.1%) cases. Thirteen capsular types accounting for 86.1% of the isolates (14, 6A/6B, 5, 1, 23F, 19F, 18C, 19A, 9V, 7F, 3, 9N and 4) remained the most common types during the surveillance period. Diminished susceptibility to penicillin was detected in 28.6% of the isolates, 17.3% with intermediate and 11.3% with high level resistance. Resistance varied among countries and increased during this period in Argentina, Colombia and Uruguay. Serotypes 14 and 23F accounted for 66.6% of the resistance. Conclusion. These surveillance data clearly demonstrate the potential impact of the introduction of a conjugate vaccine on pneumococcal disease and the need for more judicious use of antibiotics to slow or reverse the development of antimicrobial resistance.


AMONG the many specializations of animal tissues four are so fundamental in nature anad so specific in their function that they stand out as exceptionally favorable objects for study, particularly as to their origin and evolution. These tissues are those which produce motion, heat, light and electricity in quantities, and for the benefit of the entire organism. Of these, motion is the most important. Without the power to move it is probable that few allinials would be able to survive and to evolve to any great degree of specialization. Thus the f ormis which did not develop organs of motion at an early period or those which lost it subsequently would be eliminated and would leave all other and higher degrees of specialization to be attained by such animals as had developed or retained muscle tissue. Heat production was probably an important factor in the development of many land forms, especially in regions of the earth that became subject to cold, and the possession of any small part of this power would tell to a. marked degree in the favorable selection of its possessor.


Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is an autosomal dominantly inherited tumor syndrome. The incidence of VHL disease is about one in 36,000 livebirths and the penetrance is higher than 90%. Similar to other tumor suppressor gene disorders, VHL disease is characterized by frequent development of specific types of tumors in selective organs. The disease is named after the German ophthalmologist Eugen von Hippel, who identified and described characteristic retinal manifestations, and the Swedish pathologist Arvid Lindau, who discovered the frequent co-occurrence of retinal and cerebellar hemangioblastoma with tumors and cysts in visceral organs. He described the clinical spectrum of VHL disease in detail in a large series of cases from Sweden but also from other European countries. A clinical classification system divides individuals who are affected by VHL disease into two groups: Those predominantly without pheochromocytoma are classified as VHL type 1, and those predominantly with pheochromocytoma are classified as VHL type 2. VHL type 2 is further subdivided into type 2A (with renal cancer) and type 2B (without renal cancer). In type 2C affected patients develop solely pheochromocytomas. Tumorigenesis in patients with VHL disease shares fundamental principles in the different affected organ systems: germline VHL inactivation leads to persistence of microscopic developmentally arrested structures. These microscopic cell clusters already reveal biallelic VHL inactivation and consequent up-regulation of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) and down-stream targets like VEGF, EPO. Current research for pharmacotherapy of VHL disease targets proteins of the HIF cascade and compounds that lead to upregulation and re-functionalization of mutated VHL protein. For complete coverage of all related areas of Endocrinology, please visit our on-line FREE web-text, WWW.ENDOTEXT.ORG. INTRODUCTION Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is an autosomal dominantly inherited tumor syndrome. The incidence of VHL disease is about one in 36,000 livebirths [1, 2] and the penetrance is higher than 90% [3]. Similar to other tumor suppressor gene disorders, VHL disease is characterized by frequent development of specific types of tumors in selective organs. The disease is named after the German ophthalmologist Eugen von Hippel, who identified and described characteristic retinal manifestations [4], and the Swedish pathologist Arvid Lindau, who discovered the frequent co-occurrence of retinal and cerebellar hemangioblastoma with tumors and cysts in visceral organs. He described the clinical spectrum of VHL disease in detail in a large series of cases from Sweden but also from other European countries [5, 6]. A clinical classification system divides individuals who are affected by VHL disease into two groups [7]: Those predominantly without pheochromocytoma are classified as VHL type 1, and those predominantly with pheochromocytoma are classified as VHL type 2. VHL type 2 is further subdivided into type 2A (with renal cancer) and type 2B (without renal cancer). In type 2C affected patients develop solely pheochromocytomas [8]. VON HIPPEL-LINDAU DISEASE MANIFESTATIONS VHL disease targets a highly selective subset of organs by the frequent development of specific types of heavily vascularized tumors. Multiple and bilateral tumors occur frequently. Affected organs and tumors are listed in table 1 [9-12]. Table 1: Manifestations of VHL disease [9-12] Von Hippel-Lindau Disease Endotext NCBI Bookshelf https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279124/?report=... 1 of 18 2/11/19, 8:44 AM Tumor Frequency Mean age of onset Retinal hemangioblastomas 60% 25y Cerebellar and spinal hemangioblastomas 65% 33y Endolymphatic sac tumors 10% 22y Renal clear cell carcinomas and cysts 45% 39y Pheochromocytomas 20% 30y Pancreatic cysts, microcystic serous adenomas, neuroendocrine tumors 35-70% 36y Epididymal and broad ligament cystadenomas > 50% of male unknown CNS HEMANGIOBLASTOMAS IN VHL SYNDROME Hemangioblastomas are the index tumors of VHL disease and are frequently the earliest manifestation of the disease. Multiple hemangioblastomas occur frequently in patients with VHL disease. In one major study 127 of 160 patients with VHL-associated hemangioblastomas had multiple tumors [13]. The central nervous system hemangioblastoma burden in VHL disease is associated with partial germline deletions and male sex [14]. The benign slow growing highly vascularized tumors cause neurologic symptoms depending on their size and location [13, 14]. A spinal hemangioblastoma may lead to focal neurologic deficits such as weakness and paresthesias. Posterior fossa tumors may present with ataxia, dysmetria, nystagmus, and slurred speech. Symptoms may also evolve due to CSF obstruction causing signs of increased intracranial pressure or brain stem herniation [3, 11, 15]. Symptoms are usually not caused by the tumor itself but rather by an associated pseudocyst or syrinx, which is caused by vascular leakage from the tumor [16] and which is usually larger than the tumor itself [13]. Polyglobulia has been reported in patients with hemangioblastomas [17]. It occurs in 10% of patients [18] and may cause thrombosis. Removal of the largest hemangioblastoma usually resolves polyglobulia [18]. Diagnosis is established by contrast enhanced MRI of the head and spine [19, 20], which typically identifies a solid enhancing nodule associated with a pseudocyst or syrinx (figure 1). Figure 1: On contrast-enhanced MRI, hemangioblastoma is identified as solid enhancing nodule; the tumor is typically associated with extratumoral cyst (left) or syrinx (right). Patients with VHL disease frequently develop several CNS hemangioblastomas but not all of the tumors need to be removed. Surgery is needed for all symptomatic tumors and for all tumors causing CSF obstruction [13, 21, 22]. Once symptoms occur, they can usually not be reversed by surgery; therefore, surgery may be recommended in a subset of asymptomatic tumors with radiographic progression [22]. Complete surgical removal of the solid tumor is the treatment of choice. If surgery is not possible, radiation therapy may be an alternative. [23-27]. There is currently no established chemotherapy for hemangioblastomas. Substances studied include different Von Hippel-Lindau Disease Endotext NCBI Bookshelf https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279124/?report=... 2 of 18 2/11/19, 8:44 AM tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as semaxanib [28-32], Vatalanib (ongoing trial), Sunitinib [33-36] and Dovitinib [37] as well as pazopanib [38-40] Surgical resection of hemangioblastomas requires careful dissection in the plane between tumor and CNS tissue. If the tumor is entered, major bleeding will occur. Hemangioblastoma patients harbor a risk for spontaneous or perioperative hemorrhage [41] and preoperative embolization has been recommended for large solid tumors [42, 43]. The tumors can usually be completely removed and permanent new neurologic deficit due to surgery is rare in experienced hands. Intraoperative ultrasound allows for identification of small tumors and control of complete resection of the tumors [44]. Recently intraoperative ICG angiography has been used by different groups. Some of them find it helpful in understanding the vascular anatomy of the lesions, whereas others find it of limited value [45-50] Hemangioblastomas are composed of a dense capillary network with "stromal" cells in between. Microdissection and genetic deletion analysis revealed the "stromal" cells to represent the neoplastic component of these tumors [51], while the capillary network predominantly represents reactive VEGF-driven angiogenesis. The histogenesis of the neoplastic "stromal" cells has been controversial. Tumor cells stain consistently positive for neuron specific enolase [52-54], neural cell adhesion molecule [55, 56] and vimentin [54-58]. The "stromal" cells appears to represent developmentally arrested VHL-deficient hemangioblast progenitor cells with hematopoietic differentiation potential [59-63], based on the observation of expression of pre-hemangioblastic markers like scl and brachyury [63-66] and the ability of primitive blood island formation and differentiation into early red blood cells [65, 67-69]. Furthermore, anatomic studies on spinal cord and cerebellum of VHL patients revealed numerous developmentally arrested structural elements [70] that serve as potential precursor material for hemangioblastic tumors [71]. In addition to hematopoietic differentiation capacity the tumor cells are also capable of primitive vasculogenesis[72, 73]. It has remained unresolved, however, whether the tumor cells are of mesodermal or neuroectodermal origin. RETINAL HEMANGIOBLASTOMAS IN VHL SYNDROME Retinal hemangioblastomas are benign tumors that can occur as a sporadic entity as well as in patients with VHL disease. Tumors frequently occur in multiplicity and bilaterally (in about 50%). Histologically, retinal hemangioblastomas are identical to CNS hemangioblastomas [74]. High expression of VEGF in these tumors causes vascularization, vascular leakage and exudation, and eventually retinal detachment in the eye. Annual fundoscopic screening and early treatment of asymptomatic lesions is recommended for VHL patients starting at one year of age. Most peripheral retinal hemangioblastomas are well controlled by laser photocoagulation or cryotherapy [75, 76]. Vitrectomy may be performed in larger tumors [77]. Tumors in the optic disc should be monitored without treatment. Alternative treatments are in experimental stages and include VEGF inhibition [30, 78, 79] and radiation therapy [80]. Recently propranolol has been suggested for treatment of retinal hemangioblastomas [81]. With screening and early treatment of detected lesions, visual prognosis for VHL patients is good: In one major study approximately 8% of the eyes of VHL patients had poor visual acuity of 20/200 or worse with approx. 8% of th


Spina bifida (SB) is a well known spinal cord malformation which can result in serious neurological consequences in neonates. A new classification of SB based on the embryological pathomechanism of spinal dysraphism has been recently proposed. According to this classification, some SB may result from diastematomyelia in embryos and such SB is referred to as split cord malformations (SCM) and classified into Type I and II based on the presence and absence of an osseocartilaginous median septum, respectively. However, SCM are thought to be rare pathomechanisms of SB. We retrospectively reclassified 23 cases of apparent SB found in neonates (12 of SB aperta and 11 of SB occulta) according to the new classification. We found 3 cases of Type I SCM in the 23 newborns (13%) or 12 newborns with SB aperta (23%). All cases of Type I SCM presented SB aperta associated with Chiari II malformation with myelomeningocele. They all had paralysis in the lower extremities. Hypoplasia of the feet and clubfeet were seen in all patients while unilateral defects of the ribs were observed in a patient with thoracic SB. Found in 23%, Type I SCM therefore appears to be a significant pathomechanism of SB aperta in neonates.


j 3 O to b e r 2 0 16 T with a wealth of clinical information. Through illumination and a number of lenses formagnification, the direct ophthalmoscope allows the physician to visualise the interior of the eye. Ophthalmoscopic examination is an essential component of the evaluation of patients with a range of medical conditions, including diabetes mellitus, systemic hypertension and conditions associated with raised intracranial pressure (ICP). The fundus has exceptional clinical significance because it is the only location where blood vessels can be directly observed as part of a physical examination.


It is known that stimulation of the central end of the severed sciatic nerve causes either a pressor or a depressor effect; weak stimulation or stimulation at low frequencies generally causes a depressor effect, and a reversal of vasomotor reflexes from a depressor to a pressor is produced by increasing either strength or frequency of stimulation. About this reversal of vasomotor reflexes, two views are held (Hunt, 1895,4) Ranson and Billingsley, 19166) and Gordon, 19432)). However, it seems that the final answer has not yet been found. In the present study, therefore, an attempt was made to elucidate the mechanism underlying the appearance of this reversal phenomenon. For this purpose, vasomotor responses produced by the stimulation of the sciatic nerve as well as of the bulbar depressor center were investigated on nonanesthetized cats. Effects of Nembutal administration upon the responses were also examined.


By two-stage oxidation catalyst - reduction SCR catalyst reactor, beneficial to convert NOx to nitrogen in the exhaust gas hydrocarbon-assisted selective catalytic reduction system of the lean combustion type engine. The characteristics and the quantity of the oxidation catalyst is controlled to a low temperature just activated hydrocarbon reductant (but incomplete combustion at high temperature hydrocarbon reductant), subsequent to the exhaust gas phase in larger reduction catalyst stage reactor and two-stage contact, improved NOx reduction efficiency.


A conjugate numerical methodology of CFX-TASCflow code was employed to predict the radial cooled turbine blade which was based on the experimental study of Ref.[1].Simulation results agree with the data of experiment.Mach number on blade surface rises in comparison with the adiabatic wall simulation.