Aiming at the current capacity flowmeter can't be used in high hydraulic pressure system to measure the dynamic flow,designed a new kind of internal gear flowmeter.The pulsation rate of flow meter was only 1/9 of general one.The flowmeter could be used to measure the dynamic flow in high hydraulic pressure system.The flow signal was converted into the rotational speed signal,and then the rotational speed signal was turned the electric signal that could be measured,and at last,the dynamic flow signal of the system could be got.The flowmeter has bigger applying scope,and the accuracy is high,the dependable is good.


Abstract The Diaprepes root weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.) is a major pest of citrus, ornamentals, and vegetables in Florida and the Caribbean. Entomopathogenic nematodes can provide substantial control of the root feeding larvae, but their efficacy can be affected by soil type. Our objective was to determine the effects of three soil types on the control of D. abbreviatus with Steinernema riobrave (Cabanillas Poinar & Raulston) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar. In the laboratory we measured nematode virulence and persistence in a Marl, Ridge (entisol), and Flatwoods (spodosol) soil. The Marl soil contains a high silt and clay content (80 and 15%, respectively), whereas the other soils are >93% sand and typical soils of citrus production in Florida. The virulence of S. riobrave was greater than H. bacteriophora in all soils. Both nematode species exhibited greater virulence and persistence in Marl soil compared with sandy soils. Nematode virulence was greater in the spodosol than in the entisol soil. Oxygen levels (in the cups) were not significantly different among the soils. Further research is required to determine the cause of these trends and the applicability of these findings under different water tensions and under field conditions.


Geospatial information (GI) constitutes a significant portion of available data and are a key factor in planning and decision-making in a variety of domains, such as emergency management and agriculture. However, to be used, these data have to be interpreted, sometimes producing new data and information. This new information is generally embedded on additional files, or remains on experts' brains. Hence, every time a user wants to use its knowledge, data have to be interpreted again. This paper presents a framework for alleviating this problem based on semi-automatic annotation of geospatial data. This framework is described in detail, as well the choices made in its design and implementation. At the end, we present a case study in agriculture, used to validate our proposal.


THE appeals in Gouriet v. Union of Post Office Workers [1977] 3 W.L.R. 300 raised, in the words of Lord Fraser, " a question of some constitutional importance as to whether the English courts have jurisdiction to entertain an action at the instance of a private person for an injunction to restrain threatened conduct because, and only because, it would constitute a criminal offence." Two post office unions had been challenged in the courts because they had called on their members to take part in a week of protest action against South Africa previously planned by the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions. The plaintiff claimed that post office employees who responded to the call would be guilty of offences under the Post Office Act 1953 or the Telegraph Act 1863; and before the Court of Appeal ([1977] 2 W.L.R. 310) he secured last-minute interim injunctions against the unions despite the Attorney-General's refusal to grant his consent for relator proceedings. A few days later, at a resumed hearing before the Court of Appeal, the AttorneyGeneral appeared in person to argue that the grant or refusal ought not to be questioned in the courts and that he was answerable to Parliament alone for the exercise of his discretion. The Court of Appeal nevertheless insisted upon some measure of judicial control where breaches of the criminal law were threatened: at the very least there could be a declaratory judgment, possibly preceded by an interim injunction, in circumstances where the Attorney-General had declined to allow relator proceedings. Lord Denning M.R., who was less embarrassed than his colleagues about asserting jurisdiction to review the Attorney-General's discretion, was prepared to go further and grant a final injunction in an appropriate case. It was all to no avail. The week of protest against South Africa, it is true,


Abstract There is a Growing recognition that introduced species are direct records of cultural activity and that studies of their biogeography have the potential to tell us about patterns of human migration, trade and even ideology. In England the fallow deer (Dama dama dama) is one of the earliest and most successful animal introductions, whose establishment has traditionally been attributed to the Normans. However, recent investigations of Old English place names have raised the possibility that the term *pohha/pocca relates to fallow deer, suggesting that the species was widely established in the Anglo-Saxon landscape. This suggestion deserves serious consideration as it has implications for our understanding both of AngloSaxon society and the impact of the Norman Conquest. This paper therefore presents a critical review of the literary, iconographic, place-name and zooarchaeological evidence for fallow deer in early medieval England and beyond.


The consideration and practices in the modification of the work process of Guangdong Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station is described and the modification direction in the future is given.


Objective To evaluate the safety and effectivity of laparoscopic cholecystectomy used in the treatment of acute cholecystitis.Methods 172 cases of laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed in our hospital for the treatment of acute cholecystitis were reviewed.Results The success rate of laparoscopic cholecystectomy is 94.8%,the laparotomy rate is 5.2 %.Conclusion laparoscopic cholecystectomy is relatively effective,safe and feasible.


Line detection is very important task in image processing field. It is mainly used in auto focusing camera input sensors. Many techniques used for line detection but gives improper result if noise is present in an input image. Hough transform is famous technique present for line detection which gives proper results in presence of noise and discontinuous shapes in an image. This paper gives comparative study of two techniques of hough transform, both the methods are simulated in Xilinx 13.2 design suite which is popularly used for FPGA hardware implementation and compared there simulation results. First method is general hough transform, this is very basic method of hough transform in which binary feature image is given as input and vote procedure of hough transform is performed over it. Second method is given by Zhong-Ho Chen, Alvin W. Y. Su, and Ming-Ting Sun in august 2012, this method use incrementing property of hough transform and process all pixels in parallel. Also locality of hough transform is used to reduce the size of vote memory.


The problem of the internal structure of the protein molecule is one on which very little real progress has been made since the fundamental researches of Fischer. His work showed that proteins were composed of a-amino acid residues bound together by peptide links. Other papers presented at this conference have dealt in detail with the chemical evidence on the constitution of proteins. In recent years, the application of X-ray diffraction me6hods to the study of protein structures has offered a new approach to this very fundamental problem. Astbury's'B work has given us much information as to the stereochemical configuration of $he fibrous proteins. These contain polypeptide chains, fully extended as in silk or folded in various ways as in wool. The detailed nature of the folding, however, has not been established even in these comparatively simple proteins, The crystalline proteins, when denatured, also appear to contain polypeptide chain^.^ More recently, the use of X-ray methods has been extended to the study of the native crystalline proteins. The diffraction effects are quite complex and a t certain stages of the analysis, differences of opinion concerning the interpretation of the results have arisen. Enough work has by now been published to make a critical examination of the techniques and data desirable. Such a critical examinahion should show where assumfiions enter and by making clearer the distinction between fact and theory help put the X-ray study of proteins on a sounder basis. The first X-ray studies in which diffraction effects were clearly obtained all used the powder technique. The specimen consists of a polycrystalline mass of material irradiated by a comparatively monochromatic X-ray beam. By the use of this method, squash seed globulin,4 chyrn~trypsinogen,~ khe Bence-Jones protein: urease and


The novel metal complexes with empirical formulae M(mef)2·nH2O (where M = Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II); mef is the mefenamic ligand) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, FTIR-spectroscopy, and thermal decomposition techniques. All IR spectra revealed absorption bands related to the asymmetric and symmetric vibrations of carboxylate group. The Nakamoto criteria clearly indicate that this group is bonded in a bidentate chelate mode. The thermal behavior of complexes was studied by TGA methods under non-isothermal condition in air. Upon heating, all compounds decompose progressively to metal oxides, which are the final products of pyrolysis. Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) complexes were also characterized by the coupled TG-FTIR technique, which finally proved the path and gaseous products of thermal decomposition. Additionally, the coupled TG-MS system was used to determine the principal volatile products of thermolysis and fragmentation processes of Mn(mef)2·3H2O and Co(mef)2·2H2O.


A deception jamming method is proposed, which can be used by a team of UAVs to deceive air defense radar network. To make the phantom tracks undistinguishable from the tracks of the true targets, the position geometry of radars and UAVs was studied, and the analytical expression of relationships between the motion of the UAVs and that of the phantom tracks have been derived, which can be used to precisely arrange the UAVs' flight path and control the jammers' jamming strategy. Mathematic analysis and simulation results show that using N UAVs can generate at most Nx(N-1) coherent false targets, which can deceive the radar network and form trajectories in the fusion centre. (4 pages)


Promoting positive cognitions has been the quest for psychologists since the psychology has been pre-fixed with the very term positive. To be optimistic is one of the greatest strength for having positive cognitions which is expected to promote feeling of well-being within an individual. Thus, with positive thinking one can achieve the higher level of happiness. Particularly, working women is one of the groups which have been expected to perform multiple roles with efficiency. They have to meet expectations of each and every family member; even then, if they are working they are expected to be equally competent on professional front as well. Therefore it was worth full to conduct a study on working women to access their optimism and strength of its association with happiness for them. The study was carried out on a sample of 130 working females. The results from the statistical analysis revealed that happiness was strongly associated with optimism. Results also indicated that, working women those who scored high on happiness were also found high on optimism as compared to those who fall on the lower side on both the positive attributes.


Physicians Prescription behavior is the results of 4P's namely Product, Physicians, Promotion, and Patient's expectation. In today's world of evidencebasedmedicinewith ever-growingdemand in patient expectations, physicianPatient-centric managing a pathological condition is gaining acceptance from the normal disease management approach. Like all citizenry is Unique; similarly, physicians also possess a singular personality that responds differently even to an equivalent stimulus. Aiming for better patient care and Patient expectations, researchwork across the world has been administered for identifying the perfect physician personality traits right from selection of specialty, knowledge dissemination during the study period, and managing patients during the Practice sessions. However, there's little, or no research conducted thus far, in understanding the "Physician's personality" make-up focussing on their motives, values, preferences in their professional practice. Understanding "physician's personality" traits will lay a robust foundation for developing effective medico-marketing initiatives from the pharmaceutical industry with the assistance of smart and customized marketing initiatives resulting in a healthy environment for physician-Pharma association towards adopting better therapeutic interventions for patient bene it. This review is an effort to specialize in the research work done thus far in understanding the impact of "physician's personality" aimed toward improving patient care. Further research in understanding "Physician's personality" and its role in physicians prescribing decisionswill help the Pharma industry towards developingmuch needed medico-marketing initiatives with optimal utilization of resources towards disseminating the latest therapeutic interventions to the physicians for better patient care which is the stepping stone for Physician-patient centric management.


Deparrnient of GeographJ> and Emironnlenral Engineering, Jnl~rrs Nopkins Unirer.sif.r, Balfitnore, ilfari~lund 21 218 Equity measures can be used as working tools to explore management alternatives for :I \\ater qualit! system. Several example measures of equity are discussed which proved useful in suggesting nra m;inagsment programs, in identifying critical waste dischargers. in suggesting Lones for grouping dischargers. and for understanding given management programs. The example equity measures were eveluated far Dclaware Estuary data by using mathematical programing. Decision makers faced with managing the quality of a waterway are faced with two questions: How much water quality do they want? How are they going to get it? That is. what management program should be used to achieve the desired water quality? These two questions should be answered simultaneously, since the choice of management program determines cost, which in turn should affect the level of quality sought, and since the best management approach may vary for different quality levels. Generally, a wide range of alternatives is available; there are usually several distinct quality levels and several different categories of management programs, including direct regulations, effluent charges, and subsidies to dischargers. Direct regulation programs, which are considered here, specify the allowable waste-loading rate for each discharger. This paper presents a method which uses measures of equity for generating and evaluating alternative programs to be considered in the overall planning process. Equity among dischargers has historically been a primary planning objective because of its importance in developing politically acceptable and implementable plans and because a major trade-off between equity and cost usually occurs. Johnson [I9671 has suggested two equity criteria for evaluating a water quality management program: (I) equals should be treated equally and (2) nonequals should be treated differently.


In the most popular form of sand control, obtaining good, debris-free perforations is of prime importance. Next, fluids used to carry and place the gravel should be free of materials that plug the formation. Factors to consider in achieving both of these situations are given. 24 refs.


A novel dual‐band wearable compact antenna for the Global Positioning System (GPS) and Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) is presented.The proposed antenna pattern is connected to the ground plane vertically and consists of a folded inverted‐F connected to two folded branches and a parasitic coupling arm. The measured antenna gain and radiation efficiency of the dual‐band antenna are 2.84 dBi/55.14 % and 3.05 dBi/94.08 % for the low band and high band, respectively. With a supporting sponge on the shielding ground, 1‐g average specific absorption rate (SAR) is decreased significantly to only 1.38 W/kg to comply with the linking power budget (21 dBm) for the UMTS band. Therefore, the proposed wearable compact dual‐band antenna is suitable for wearable device applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:859–863, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI: 10.1002/mop.27455


Aim: The most common metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) is the liver and approximately 25% of patients have synchronous liver metastases at the time of diagnosis. Surgical management of CRC patients with liver metastasis is still controversial. The treatment strategy for each patient should be personalized depending on the patient's performance status, comorbidities and tumor stage. The aim of this study was to determine our treatment approach for CRC patients with synchronous liver metastasis in our clinic and to compare them with the literature. Material and Methods: Between January 2016 and December 2018, eight patients with synchronous liver metastatic CRC, combined surgical procedure called co-operated colorectal cancer surgery and hepatic resection were included in the study. Results: Two patients underwent right hepatectomy and six patients underwent metastasectomy. T1 / 2 tumor was detected in one patient (12%) and T3 / 4 tumor in seven patients (88%) according to TNM stage. Four of the patients (50%) had lymph node metastasis. One patient died on the 3rd postoperative day due to MODS. Conclusion: As in the results of our study, the most important criteria in patient selection for synchronous approach in literature are; The age of the patient and the volume of hepatic resection performed were reported. As a result, in the choice of surgical treatment approach, each center should determine its protocols in a multidisciplinary way considering the patient characteristics.


Objective The aim of this study is to minimize the sequelas and complications in treatment of arterial injury in limbs and improve the treatment level.Methods The different effects with different therapeutic methods of the main artery injury in extremities in 62 cases were retrospectively analyzing,to explore the cause.Results There were greater possibilities to result in ischemic muscular atrophy in cases of simple vascular anastomosis than that of vascular anastomosis accompanied with simultaneous decompression fasciotomy of limbs compartments.There was an increasing possibility that hyperkalemia and acute renal failure wound come into being as the limbs were short of blood support too long.Conclusion When dealing with main artery injury in limbs,decompressing limbs compartments timely,monitoring the concentration of blood potassium level and per hour urine volume synchronously,treating hyperkalemia and acute renal failure in time are all very important for minimizing the rate of disability and eliminating death case.


Large trucks are vital for shipping freight in the United States but are also a dangerous mode of transportation. From 2002 to 2012, 91,145 crashes involving large trucks were recorded in Missouri, resulting in 1,156 fatalities and 18,457 injuries. Many factors contribute to the severity of a large truck crash; these factors and their effects on severity may vary as a function of gender. Missouri crash data from 2002 to 2012 were analyzed to identify circumstances that increased the probability of injury severity outcomes in the event of a large truck crash. Chi-square automatic interaction detector decision tree models were developed for each gender to understand predictor importance better and to uncover interactions between contributing factors. Results suggest that the major correlations with levels of injury severity are following too closely, physical impairment, and improper passing for female Missouri drivers with a commercial driver's license (CDL) and driving too fast for conditions, failing to yield, and physical impairment for male Missouri CDL drivers. Results suggest that environmental factors are not significant predictors of severity outcome for female CDL drivers; however, road and lighting conditions play a tertiary role for male CDL drivers. Recommendations based on study results include encouraging truck driver training programs to focus educational efforts on gender-specific behaviors that affect crash injury severity to enhance road safety.


Background: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been involved in cancer diagnosis via breath, urine, and feces. We aimed to assess the diagnostic ability of VOCs on digestive cancers. Methods: We systematically reviewed prospective clinical trials evaluating VOCs' diagnostic ability on esophageal, gastric, colorectal, hepatic, and pancreatic cancer (PC). Databases including PubMed and Ovid-Medline were searched. Results: A total of 35 trials with 5314 patient-times qualified for inclusion. The pooled sensitivity of VOCs diagnosing gastroesophageal cancer from healthy controls is 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.82-0.94), the pooled specificity is 0.890 (95% CI: 0.84-0.93), and area under the curve (AUC) of the summary receiver operating characteristic curve is 0.95 (95% CI: 0.93-0.95). The pooled sensitivity of VOCs diagnosing colorectal cancer from heathy controls is 0.92 (95% CI: 0.85-0.96), the pooled specificity is 0.88 (95% CI: 0.77-0.94), and the AUC is 0.96 (95% CI: 0.94-0.97). The pooled sensitivity of VOCs distinguishing gastrointestinal (GI) cancer from precancerous lesions is 0.84 (95% CI: 0.67-0.92), the pooled specificity is 0.74 (95% CI: 0.43-0.91), and the AUC is 0.87 (95% CI: 0.84-0.89). The pooled sensitivity of VOCs diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma is 0.68 (95% CI: 0.52-0.81), the pooled specificity is 0.81 (95% CI: 0.47-0.96), and the AUC is 0.78 (95% CI: 0.74-0.81). The pooled sensitivity of VOCs diagnosing PC is 0.88 (95% CI: 0.80-0.93), the pooled specificity is 0.82 (95% CI: 0.62-0.93), and the AUC is 0.92 (95% CI: 0.89-0.94). Conclusions: Volatile organic compounds have potential role in diagnosing GI cancer with comparatively high sensitivity, specificity, and AUC (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021260039).


The 1930s and 1940s saw the beginning of a discussion of the problem of racial discrimination in employment. The Great Depression, the maturation of civil rights organizations, and the New Deal's change in American principles of property rights and-labor policy helped launch this discussion. Campaigns undertaken by black organizations and federal agencies began to grapple with the idea of race-based remedial strategies to combat discrimination in employment, and our modern concept of equal employment opportunity, which holds that an employer's workforce should contain approximately the same proportion of minorities as are present in the population, first received expression in this period.


The interrupt in tracking telemetry & command (TT&C) is very dangerous for re-entry spacecraft, especially manned spacecraft in black-out zone. A relay TT&C link based on TT&C system on large LEO (Low Earth Orbit) constellation is proposed in this paper to resolve the problem. The Unified (carrier system) S band (USB) is widely used in spacecraft engineering applications. Therefore, the TT&C payloads on LEO satellites can serve as relay stations to provide TT&C links between spacecraft and ground stations. Compared with the GEO (Geostationary orbit) satellite and orbit cabin relay link, the proposed link has a small time delay, more target choice and better link budget. Meanwhile, it will be a smaller cost solution for the lots of existing manned spacecraft based on the Soon-To-be-Built large LEO constellation.


Dysmenorrhea is called "primary" when there is no specific abnormality and "secondary" when the pain is caused by an underlying gynecological problem. It is believed that primary dysmenorrhea occurs when hormone-like substances called "prostaglandins" produced by uterine tissue trigger strong muscle contractions in the uterus during menstruation. However, the level of prostaglandins does not seem to have anything to do with how strong a woman's cramps are. Some women have high levels of prostaglandins and no cramps, whereas other women with low levels have severe cramps. This is why experts assume that cramps must also be related to other things (such as genetics, stress, and different body types) in addition to prostaglandins. Secondary dysmenorrhea may be caused by endometriosis, fibroid tumors, or an infection in the pelvis. In this article we focus on herbal medicine in the treatment of primary dysmenorrheal.


Many researchers have investigated the acceptance of information technology in a wide range of organizational contexts and subject domains. However, the prominent model frameworks seem to view the phenomenon through specific and rather restricted lenses. The objectives of this research study are thus to examine and develop an integrated model that explains information technology acceptance from several perspectives within a particular organizational context, and to determine whether the model explains adoption behavior over time. An integrated model that is composed of the social perspective (subjective norm), the technology perspective (perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use), and the-self perspective (computer self-efficacy) better explains information technology acceptance than the models commonly used in past information technology research. A longitudinal field study shows that the key determinants of intention to use a system diminish in effect over a prolonged period. Some implications of these findings for academics and practitioners in designing and implementing information technology strategies are presented.


Osteoclasts are macrophage‐derived polykaryons that degrade bone in an acidic extracellular space. This differentiation includes expression of proteinases and acid transport proteins, cell fusion, and bone attachment, but the sequence of events is unclear. We studied two proteins expressed at high levels only in the osteoclast, cathepsin K, a thiol proteinase, and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and compared this expression with acid transport and bone degradation. Osteoclastic differentiation was studied using human apheresis macrophages cocultured with MG63 osteosarcoma cells, which produce cytokines including RANKL and CSF‐1 that mediate efficient osteoclast formation. Immunoreactive cathepsin K appeared at 3–5 days. Cathepsin K activity was seen on bone substrate but not within cells, and cathepsin K increased severalfold during further differentiation and multinucleation from 7 to 14 days. TRAP also appeared at 3–5 d, independently of cell fusion or bone attachment, and TRAP activity reached much higher levels in osteoclasts attached to bone fragments. Two proteinases that occur in the precursor macrophages, cathepsin B, a thiol proteinase related to cathepsin K, and an unrelated lysosomal aspartate proteinase, cathepsin D, were also studied to determine the specificity of the differentiation events. Cathepsin B occurred at all times, but increased two‐ to threefold in parallel with cathepsin K. Cathepsin D activity did not change with differentiation, and secreted activity was not significant. In situ acid transport measurements showed increased acid accumulation after 7 days either in cells on osteosarcoma matrix or attached to bone, but bone pit activity and maximal acid uptake required 10–14 days. We conclude that TRAP and thiol proteinase expression begin at essentially the same time, and precede cell fusion and bone attachment. However, major increases in acid secretion and proteinases expression continue during cell fusion and bone attachment from 7 to 14 days. J. Cell. Biochem. 78:627–637, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The coefficients in both linear functions (aj and cj) are known constants. Smith's solution is in terms of the population parameters of gq and ej, which in practice must be estimated from sample data. For more than two variates, these estimates are laborious to calculate and in small samples possess very complicated statistical properties. It has been shown by Williams [1961, 1962] that, for the assumption of normal additive vectors gi = {gqj} and ej = {eii}, some of the estimated weights have finite variances only if the number of classes used to estimate the covariances of the qij exceeds by five or more the number of variates included in the index, and that failure to correct the index weights for a bias factor can result in a negative correlation of the index with true worth. These difficulties prompt the following questions. Has the selection index constructed with sample estimates of the population parameters been proven reliable enough to merit its use? Would an index, such as a linear combination of the observable variates using the known weights of the nonobservable linear functions, be


The relevance of regional policy for less favoured regions (LFRs) reveals itself when policy-makers must reconcile competitiveness with social cohesion through the adaptation of competition or innovation policies. The vast literature in this area generally builds on an overarching concept of 'social capital' as the necessary relational infrastructure for collective action diversification and policy integration, in a context much influenced by a dynamic of industrial change and a necessary balance between the creation and diffusion of 'knowledge' through learning. This relational infrastructure or 'social capital' is centred on people's willingness to cooperate and 'envision' futures as a result of "social organization, such as networks, norms and trust that facilitate action and cooperation for mutual benefit" (Putnam, 1993: 35). Advocates of this interpretation of 'social capital' have adopted the 'new growth' thinking behind 'systems of innovation' and 'competence building', arguing that networks have the potential to make both public administration and markets more effective as well as 'learning' trajectories more inclusive of the development of society as a whole. This essay aims to better understand the role of 'social capital' in the production and reproduction of uneven regional development patterns, and to critically assess the limits of a 'systems concept' and an institution-centred approach to comparative studies of regional innovation. These aims are discussed in light of the following two assertions: i) learning behaviour, from an economic point of view, has its determinants, and ii) the positive economic outcomes of 'social capital' cannot be taken as a given. It is suggested that an agent-centred approach to comparative research best addresses the 'learning' determinants and the consequences of social networks on regional development patterns. A brief discussion of the current debate on innovation surveys has been provided to illustrate this point.


Abstract Rare-earth (RE) elements are helpful in improving the mechanical properties of cemented carbides. In this work, the formation of Y2O3 in functionally graded cemented carbides is investigated using transmission electron microscopy. The results indicate that Y2O3 can stabilize the Co phase with the face-centred cubic structure (α-Co), since it has a cubic structure similar to the high-temperature Co phase. The α-Co phase has a higher plasticity than ε-Co, and this suggests a possible mechanism for the role of RE elements in toughening cemented carbides.


In this thesis we discuss different types of regularity for distributions which appear in the theory of pseudo-differential operators and partial differential equations. Partial differential equations often appear in science and technology. For example the Schrödinger equation can be used to describe the change in time of quantum states of physical systems. Pseudo-differential operators can be used to solve partial differential equations. They are also appropriate to use when modeling different types of problems within physics and engineering. For example, there is a natural connection between pseudo-differential operators and stationary and non-stationary filters in signal processing. Furthermore, the correspondence between symbols and operators when passing from classical mechanics to quantum mechanics essentially agrees with symbols and operators in the Weyl calculus of pseudo-differential operators. In this thesis we concentrate on investigating how regularity properties for solutions of partial differential equations are affected under the mapping of pseudo-differential operators, and in particular of the free time-dependent Schrödinger operators. The solution of the free time-dependent Schrödinger equation can be expressed as a pseudo-differential operator, with non-smooth symbol, acting on the initial condition. We generalize a result about non-tangential convergence, which was obtained by Sjögren and Sjölin in [17] for the free timedependent Schrödinger equation. Another way to describe regularity for a distribution is to use wave-front sets. They do not only describe where the singularities are, but also the directions in which these singularities appear. The first types of wave-front sets (analytical wave-front sets) were introduced by Sato in [15,16]. Later on Hörmander introduced "classical" wave-front sets (with respect to smoothness) and showed results in the context of pseudo-differential operators with smooth symbols, cf. [10]. In this thesis we consider wave-front sets with respect to Fourier Banach function spaces. Roughly speaking, we take B as a Banach space, which is invariant under translations and embedded between the space of Schwartz functions and the space of temperated distributions. Then we say that the wave-front set of a distribution contains all points (x0, ξ0) such that no localization of the distribution at x0, belongs to FB in the direction ξ0. We prove that pseudo-differential operators with smooth symbols shrink the wave-front set and we obtain opposite embeddings by using sets of characteristic points of the operator symbols.


Painting process in the industry carrosserie at Semarang caused of workers exposed to lead. The impact of lead exposure is continuously on of which is the destruction of the myelin sheath of axons that cause postural muscle responses that can not work synergistically to maintain body balance. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in balance disorders before and after green coconut water (Cocos nucifera L) supplementation to the painting workers exposed to lead in industrial carroserrie at Semarang. This study was a quasi experiment with experiment design. The population in this study was all painting workers in carrosserie factory at Semarang who were included in inclusion criteria. Collecting data used tool such as questioner. Lead examination in the blood was measured by AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer), and for body balance disorders were measured by Romberg test. A total of 14 workers (43,8%) had impaired balance before supplementation the green coconut water (Cocos nucifera L). Then after supplementation of green coconut water (Cocos nucifera L) workers who experienced impaired balance as much as 8 workers (25%). The result of wilcoxon test showed that there was a difference between before and after giving of green coconut water (Cocos nucifera L) with body balance disorders to painting workers in carrosserie factory (p value = 0.014). In conclusion, there was a difference between before and after giving of green coconut water (Cocos nucifera L) with body balance disorders.


Collating and Annotating of Dong Guan Han Ji,compilated and written by Wu Shuping,is by far the most reliable in material adoption,the richest in content and the most accurate in proofreading and note- offering,but inevitably there still exists some problems. Some of the compilation problems were found,so the author will express and testify the viewpoints in brief in the essay.


The potential market for electric vehicles (EVs) is not easy to quantify as the demand for EVs will involve the trade-off of a variety of factors. On the one hand, lower running costs, tax incentives on purchase and use, and symbolic value as signals of pro-environmental orientation may favour uptake. On the other hand, these may be traded off against factors such as high purchase costs, short range, short battery life, and downtime while recharging. Social influences on beliefs and attitudes will also play a role in shaping this market. There have been several EV adoption studies to date, most of which use Stated Choice Experiments (SCEs) that present the respondent with alternatives and encourage them to hypothetically trade off a number of EV attributes against each other. This is a commonly used approach in the field of consumer and marketing research as a means of forecasting the rate and extent of adoption of newly introduced (or yet to be introduced) products. However, such an approach relies on the respondent being able to relate to a product that is new in the market, with which they have limited to no experience. As part of a joint research study between the Centre for Transport Studies at Imperial College London, Transport Research Laboratory (TRL) and Shell, we have undertaken a survey attempting to qualitatively and quantitatively assess the potential demand for electric vehicles, with mass-market consumer participants who have experienced using an EV for a 2-day period. The objective of this research is to analyse the impacts of the real, tangible, experience of using an electric vehicle on stated choice behaviour. A sample of 400 participants was recruited to participate in this research, of which 200 belonged to the experimental group (experiencing the use of an EV) and 200 to the control group (experiencing the use of a similar-sized conventional car). The participants were first provided an information booklet about EVs, following which a series of pre-experience questionnaires were administered to both groups. This included attitudinal questions, personality and driving style inventories, questions about knowledge and experience of EVs, questions of EV purchase intentions and a set of SCEs. This was then followed by a 2 day experience of using an EV. The post-experience questionnaire administered to both groups repeats the attitudinal questions and SCEs. The data was collected during April-December 2012, including an initial pilot survey. The paper will present results of the study, which will enable us to better understand the impacts of actual experience, as opposed to written information, on the stated choices and to explore how far direct experience affects the way in which EVs are construed. Discrete choice models of EV demand will be estimated to quantify the impacts of this experience, while the detailed attitudinal questionnaires will enable us to explore the possible causes of these impacts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that attempts a controlled experiment to capture the impacts of experience on stated choices.


This paper presents the intrinsic relationship between Information Design and Education through the study of graphic artefacts. The aim is to present some disquieting aspects concerning the concepts of Art at school, the use of image and, the state of educational artefacts within Brazilian schools. This work also suggests a reflection on the past in order to understand the nature of the conflicting relation between the form and contents of such artefacts. Investigations are also presented concerning information design research for early education conducted at the Design Department of the Federal University of Pernambuco, bringing to surface a discussion upon the responsibility of the Information Designer in such a matter.


While a pragmatic approach should be taken in dealing with individual States, there is no doubt that warships enjoy freedom of navigation in the territorial sea and the freedom to conduct military exercises in the Exclusive Economic Zone without prior notice or authorisation.


Despite the increase in research on psychosocial hazards, studies are unable to evaluate the inter-relationships among psychosocial risk factors (PRFs) from a risk network perspective, and their findings are usually limited to bivariate relationships between PRFs and their adverse outcomes. Also, they are unable to draw the pathways by which PRFs can affect workers' health leading to impaired job performance. The present study performs a comprehensive literature review on the psychosocial risk-related research and provides an evidence-based list for major PRFs. In addition, social network analysis (SNA) is implemented for developing the psychosocial risk network for further evaluation of the interactions between variables leading to the identification of key PRFs that play important roles in structuring the entire risk network. In the next step, a system dynamic (SD) model is developed to provide the mechanism underlying the development of musculoskeletal disorders and productivity loss due to exposure to psychosocial stressors.


Few studies have addressed the relationship between peri-partum emotional parameters and post-partum dyspareunia. The aim of this study was to assess the prediction of dyspareunia 3 months postpartum by obstetrical outcomes, perceptions of childbirth experience and emotional adjustment immediately following childbirth. [if !supportLineBreakNewLine] [endif]

 Four-hundred and forty women were recruited within 48 hours postpartum (T1) in the maternity ward from April 2018 to August 2020. Self-report questionnaires were administered at T1 and again 3 months postpartum (T2), addressing demographic and reproductive background, pre-partum dyspareunia, pain during labor, perceived threat, sense of control and acute stress disorder (ASD) during labor. Obstetrical information was retrieved from clinical files. [if !supportLineBreakNewLine] [endif]

 Two-hundred and sixty-three women filled the dyspareunia questionnaire at both T1 and T2. Of those, 237 (91.2%) reported having sex since childbirth (T2); 47 women (17.9%) were classified into the pre-partum dyspareunia, and 60 women (22.8%) as post-partum dyspareunia. Of the dyspareunia group at T2, 40% (n = 24) were also classified into the dyspareunia group at T1. Dyspareunia severity at T1 and T2 were moderately correlated (r = .39, p < .001). Women with post-partum dyspareunia (group 1) and women without post-partum dyspareunia (group 2) were compared for demographic, obstetrical and emotional parameters. Demographic data were similar between groups. Dyspareunia was not related to pain during childbirth. Women in the post-partum dyspareunia group reported more birth-related ASD symptoms, than comparisons. ASD symptoms at T1 predicted dyspareunia severity at T2 (B = .81, SE = .26, p= .002) after controlling for participants' age, birthweight, pain during childbirth, and dyspareunia severity at T1.

 ASD immediately after labor is a predictor of postpartum dyspareunia. Peripartum caregivers should be cognizant of this association, addressing ASD symptoms in the immediate postpartum period and assessing for sexual wellness in women after childbirth.

 Anna Padoa: Pierre Fabre Group- speaker honorarium ESSIC- board member


Based on the data of vibration environmental test,the acceleration transfer function and the generalized frequency response functions(GFRFs)were obtained.The link points between the base table and the items were the exciting source.Then,the modal parameters of the structure were acquired.The results of the modal test were used as the criterion to validate the correctness and feasibility of the modal analysis based on the vibration test data from Force Limited Vibration Testing.


Pneumonia is one of the deadliest diseases, killing 2-3 million people in developed countries like the United States. Based on WHO's view, pneumonia is one of the leading causes of death in children worldwide, WHO says many children under the age of 5 have died from the disease. And in 2017, the World Health Organization (commonly known as WHO) reported that pneumonia had claimed the lives of 800,000 children under the age of 5. This is why researchers developed this program, to help the public diagnose pneumonia. In this study, we generated a Deep Learning model using the CNN (Convolutional neural network) approach using the VGG16 architecture for thoracic pneumonia classification and normalization. The results of this study show that the Convolution neural network method can classify chest X-ray results with pneumonia with the highest accuracy of 0.9772


Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes two idiopathic syndromes, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. In ulcerative colitis, inflammation is limited to the colonic mucosa and submucosa. Crohn's disease may, however, involve the small intestine, all bowel wall layers, and the upper gastrointestinal tract. Because health-related quality of life is significantly impaired during active disease, pharmaceutical care. is important in patient management. Traditional therapy includes 5-aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, and antimicrobial therapy. In steroid-resistant active disease, immunosuppressants (cyclosporine, azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate) have a role but possess significant toxicity profiles. Current research focuses on the role of inflammatory mediators in IBD. Investigational therapies include monoclonal antibodies to proinflammatory cytokines, inhibitory cytokines, and anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies.


Porous titanium of 10-65% porosity and 100-400 μm macro-pore size manufactured by adding spherical polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) powders as pore makers. The bending strength of 21-453 MPa and shear modulus of 1.9-43 GPa were obtained. Increasing in porosity and macro-pore size, the bending strength and shear modulus reduced as described by theoretical model, and the macro-pores of porous titanium yielded a smaller deformation under bending.


The study results showed that the proper irradiation dose for ginger sprouting inhibition was 0 08~0 40kGy and the maximum tolerable irradiation dose for ginger was 0 4kGy.Treatment with proper irradiation combined with PE film package could keep ginger fresh after 120 days of storage and the fresh ratio was above 90%.In order to obtain good storage results,keeping lower absorbed dose ununiformity was necessary.Content of V\-C and Ca was not affected by the irradiation with 0 08~0 25kGy.


Flow and heat transfer in a wavy passage are analyzed using an accurate numerical scheme that solves the two-dimensional unsteady flow and energy equations, for both developing and periodically fully-developed flow conditions. Developing flow calculations are presented for two different wavy channels, each consisting of 14 waves. It is observed that the flow is steady in part of the channel and unsteady in the remainder. As the Reynolds number is progressively increased, the unsteadiness is onset at a much earlier location, leading to increased heat transfer rates. Calculations for fully-developed flow were performed using periodic boundary conditions. The ensuing results reveal the effects of individually varying the height, amplitude, and wavelength of a selected wavy passage.


The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on the mental health and well-being of people around the world. Vaccination is one of the key components of preventing the spread of COVID-19. However, despite the high risks of COVID-19, there is widespread disapproval and hostility towards vaccination and restrictive measures aimed at stopping the infection process. The spread of misinformation about vaccines, which has a long history as far back as the 18th and 19th centuries, increases distrust of immunization, but in turn is based on different beliefs about the sources of health and disease accepted in society. Vaccine skepticism is believed to be one of the global threats to public health and the achievement of population immunity against infections. In this connection, population data on attitudes towards vaccination within the largest possible number of social subgroups are of interest.
A review was made of the subject field of scientific articles in Russian from 01/01/2020 to 02/28/2022, which reported on the attitude to vaccination of more than 12 thousand respondents from the Russian-speaking population of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan, and described the factors influencing the formation of readiness for immunoprophylaxis against the new coronavirus infection. The percentage of respondents who agreed, disagreed and doubted about the implementation of vaccination was determined, with the calculation of the median values for the included publications without taking into account the weight of each of the presented studies.
Compared with a large number of foreign countries, the Russian-speaking population showed both high levels of unwillingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19 (30%) and relatively low rates of readiness for immunoprophylaxis (47%). The factors associated with different types of attitudes towards vaccination were analyzed. The conclusion is made about the validity of using theoretical models for describing health-related behavior to improve the quality and information content of Russian biomedical and socio-psychological research.


In the present paper, nonlinear radial and hoop thermoelastic stresses analysis of a disk made of FGMs material is investigated. According to this purpose, finite element method is used. In the present method, second-order one-dimensional element (with three node points) is proposed. The geometrical and stress boundary conditions are defined in the state of non-existence of external pressure and then zero radial stress in the outer layer of the disk, and zero displacement in the center of the disk. Also the temperature distribution is assumed as linear. The material properties changes including temperature-dependency are modeled. Finally, a numerical example is proposed to show the radial displacements, radial and hoop thermoelastic stresses versus radius of the disk for different power (N) from Power-law and different angular velocities. The results show that by increasing both two parameters, N and angular velocity of the disk, the amounts of displacement and stress are increased. At last, temperature-dependency and temperature-independency of material properties is investigated.


Oligochaetes (Lumbriculus variegatus) were exposed to sediment spiked with four 14C‐polychlorinated alkanes (PCAs) (C12H20C16 [56% Cl by weight], C12H16Cl10 [69% Cl], C16H31Cl3 [35% Cl], and C16H21Cl13 [69% Cl]) to measure bioaccumulation parameters and biotransformation. Chlorinated paraffins are industrial products that consist of thousands of different PCAs. Chlorinated paraffins are hydrophobic (log octanol–water partition coefficients [Kows] > 5.0) and are reported to have relatively high concentrations in sediment compared with other persistent organochlorines; however, no data exist on their bioavailability from sediment. The PCAs C12H20Cl6, C12H16Cl10, and C16H31Cl3 were readily available to sediment‐ingesting oligochaetes, whereas C16H21Cl13 had lower bioavailability. Uptake rates of the C12‐PCAs were greater than the C16‐PCAs, but half‐lives (t½s) were greater for the C16‐PCAs (t½ = 30‐33 d) than for the C12‐PCAs (t½ = 12‐14 d). Biota–sediment accumulation factors were >1 for C12H20Cl6, C12H16Cl10, and C16H31Cl3, but <1 for C16H21Cl13. Comparison of toluene‐extractable and ‐nonextractable 14C suggest that PCAs were biotransformed in aerobic sediments and by oligochaetes, and that the susceptibility to degradation in sediments decreases with increasing chlorine content. The relative abundance of individual PCAs may differ between sediment and benthic invertebrates because of differences in the bioaccumulation and degradation of PCAs of varying carbon chain length and chlorine content.


Non-square multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) plants are becoming increasingly common, as the addition of multiple sensors is becoming prevalent. However, square systems are needed sometimes as an leverage when it comes to design and analysis, as they possess desirable properties such as strict positive realness. This paper presents a squaring up method that adds artificial inputs to a class of MIMO plants with relative degree two and stable transmission zeros, where number of outputs exceeds number of inputs. The proposed method is able to produce a square plant that has stable transmission zeros and uniform/nonuniform relative degree, and is used to carry out adaptive control of this class of plants and shown to lead to satisfactory performance in a numerical study.


Abstract : The necessity of revaccination among a large percentage of population must be determined by the condition of immunity of the vaccinated people and to the epidemiological evidence for specific prophylactic. A firm retention of immunity caused by vaccination against tularemia during 4 to 5 years basically proves that the revaccination should not be carried out prior to that period. In case epidemiological evidence requires vaccination of the population, where mass vaccination had been previously carried out prior to that period. In case epidemiological evidence requires vaccination of the population, where mass vaccination had been previously carried out, an allergy test of immunity must be made, and should negative reaction of more than 25% of the vaccinated appear, revaccination should be carried out. When the revaccination is carried out 3 years after the primary local skin vaccination the vaccination process with 83.5% of the revaccinated people occurs as an allergic reaction. With people who were previously vaccinated and lost the allergy reaction, the revaccination process in its progress and duration entirely corresponds in most cases with the progress of the primary vaccination process.


Multiple lymphomatous polyposis (MLP) is an extremely rare form of primary gastrointestinal (GI) lymphoma. After it was first described by Cornes in 1961, no more than 70 cases have been reported with complete medical records. Patients with MLP have no specific clinical manifestations, except typical small or nodular polypoid tumors of different sizes found in the long segment of the gut or throughout GI tract during endoscopic examination. Most MLP originate from the mantle cell lymphoma, whereas others originate from mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma or follicular lymphoma. The tumor cells are small to medium in size with irregular nuclei and scanty cytoplasm, with the immunohistochemical (IHC) features of CD20+, CD79a+, CD5+, cyclin-D1+ and CD10-, CD23-. Few cases have been reported in China. Here we report three patients with MLP who were followed-up for 5 years.


A shift position changing drive member for a transmission includes an arm member capable of turning around the axis of a shift spindle for drivingly turning a shift drum in response to the turning of the shift spindle wherein the shift drum is prevented from coming into a neutral position even if the shifting speed is stopped in midstream. A lost motion spring includes gripping portions gripping a pressing portion from both sides of a coil portion surrounding the shift spindle. An arm member of shift position changing drive member is provided with a pressure-receiving member which is gripped by both gripping portions in such a manner that when the turning member is turned, if, in response to the turning direction, the pressing portion abuts against one of the gripping portions for turning, the other of the gripping portions abuts against the pressure-receiving member.


After analysis of the ambiguous function of LFM,the paper points out the feasibility to produce fake targets by shift-frequency,and measures the relationship between frequency offset and range offset.The paper also analyses the theory to make deceptive image jamming by 2-D shift-frequency.Aiming at the problem that deceptive image is constituted by many points and wasted much time to produce,the paper improves the algorithm to be more efficient and faster.The correction of the method is proved by the simulations.


A system for selecting and delivering content items, comprising a primary system and a secondary system. Each system comprises a server and a data storage unit accessible content item from the server. The primary system receives a request for content item, select the appropriate content item from the primary data storage unit, sends a query including information about the selected content item on the secondary system. Secondary system receives a query to search the secondary data storage unit, for delivering content items included in the query, another content item, the default content item, or any of a path back to the requesting source or to determine.


SOME RESULTS OF TESTS OF CONCRETE AND MORTARS WITH ADMIXTURE GKZ-94 ON TENSION AND COMPRESSION AFTER CURING THE SPECIMENS IN DIFFERENT MOIST CONDITIONS ARE GIVEN. VALUES OF THE SPECIMENS STRENGTH CUBE AND PRISM AND ALSO A LIMIT DEFORMABILITY BY TENSION ARE DETERMINED. WATER PERMEABILITY, SHRINKAGE AND FROST RESISTANCE OF CONCRETE WITH ADMIXTURE GKZ-94 ARE INVESTIGATED. /CRIC/FESR/LCPC/ RRL/A/


This literature review was conducted to provide an explanation about technology in property development process. The knowledge on technology is important for property developer to remain competitive in property industry. If a property developer does not understand about technology in property development process, they will likely be out of business. Information related to technology in property development hasn't been widely discussed, thus it may be difficult for novice property developers to join the industry. The method of this study is literature study. There are three technologies in the property development process, namely Property Technology, Financial Technology and Construction Technology. Most authors explain more about financial and construction technologies in property development. Most authors are unable to separate Property Technology from Financial Technology and Construction Technology. Only a few of them have critical way of thinking in relation to the definition of Property Technology which leads to innovation and bring about revolution in its development. There are rooms for learning on the Impact of Property Technology that change the property development process.


Koomey's law—that the energy efficiency of computing systems doubles every 1.57 years—has allowed software development to be decoupled from hardware architectures for 50 years. However, as it becomes increasingly difficult to make marginal improvements in computing efficiency, it is no longer sufficient to program for abstract machines. We are reaching the limits of how far we can push existing hardware abstractions—and in some cases, existing hardware. I believe that a combined software and hardware approach is critical to resolving this problem. My research approach is to jointly develop hardware that is efficient and inexpensive as well as hardware abstractions that are intuitive for developers. I am uniquely suited to address this problem because of my expertise as a computer scientist and experience building embedded systems, circuits, and signal processing systems. My work spans a wide variety of domains of computer systems, including networking, operating systems, and security. I have improved the efficiency of wireless networks, improved the flexibility of cellular networks, quantified the reliability of residential Internet networks, improved the energy efficiency of mobile applications, made measurable progress in securing the web's public key infrastructure, and identified mobile device privacy leaks. A common thread in both my research and my teaching is bridging the traditional divide between hardware design and software development. This means I work at every layer of the stack, from the application down to the analog and digital circuits. I develop intuitive software abstractions of complex hardware and I also design and create simple embedded systems hardware to solve complex problems faced by protocol and software developers. By working in both of these domains, I am able to solve problems in one that make realistic assumptions about the other. I also believe in engaging industry in order to inform my understanding of the practical limitations of hardware and software development. A concrete instance of this is the BattOr smartphone power monitor that I am in the process of commercializing, and is being used by Google and other companies. Also, Atomix, our software abstraction of multi-core Digital Signal Processing hardware, is being used by software developers at Deutsche Telekom to develop their own signal processing techniques for their next generation network. My research methodology can be summed up in three steps: (1) measure to find the root cause of complexity or inefficiency of software; (2) identify opportunities to improve the interaction between hardware and software to solve this problem; and (3) design and evaluate the new hardware and software to determine how well it solves the problem. I will now describe my existing research contributions that demonstrate how I apply this methodology, then I will describe my future work.


Based upon the purpose of prolonging the lifetime of an ink- jet head, we have attempted to apply double pulse to a heater during a drop ejection cycle. There are five parameters (pulse widths and voltages and the time delay) to define the double pulse. Taguchi's method is used to investigate the effects of these parameters. The experimental results show that under the optimized condition with (18 V, 2 microseconds), (14 V, 4 microseconds) and delay time 12 microseconds double pulse can prolong the life of ink jet heads up to an averaged drop counts of 4.8 X 108 as compared with that of 3.0 X 108 using single pulse. Also, improper parameters can dramatically shorten the life of an ink-jet head, or disturb the drop formation.


Background: In addition to the known risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, many studies reported that there are some new risk factors such as hemocystein, lipoprotein (a), fibrinogen and factor VП affecting the morbidity and increasing the risk of disease. The current study was designed to evaluate such risk factors in relation to those previously established in a case-control study design. Methods: 40 patients with heart disease among those admitted to Shahid Mustafa Khomeini Hospital in Ilam were randomly selected as case while 60 healthy people who had no sign of heart disease as the control group. A questionnaire including some demographic and clinical questions was completed for each individual, prior to blood sample to be taken after a written consent was taken from each patient. From each individual in case and control group 8 ml blood was taken and the sera were extracted.  FBS, LDL, HDL, TG, cholesterol, lipoprotein (a) and hemocystein all were measured using a BT 3000 Auto Analyser in Ebne Sina lab in Ilam. Findings: The mean age of case and control groups was 49.48±10.37 and 42.25±13.03 years, respectively. The mean sera hemocystein level was 13.51±3 and 13.42±3 in case and control groups, respectively with no significant difference. Individuals in case group had increased their sera levels of LDL, TG, and cholesterol much more than those for control group. The sera hemocystein level also increased with increase of age in both groups with significant correlation for the case group (p<0.006). Conclusion: Although the Hemocystein level increased with increase of age which can be interpreted as a risk of increasing the possibility of cardiovascular disease, the correlation of haemocystein in case and control groups was not significant. There was a significant correlation between HDL and hemocystein but the results showed that hemocystein is not as effective as other risk factors such as LDL, TG and cholesterol in prevalence and severity of disease. It is suggested that some more studies with broader spectrum in sample size and risk factors be designed in order to evaluate such a correlation in more details.  Keywords: Hemocystein, Lipoprotein (a), Cardiovascular disease, New risk factors


Based on the time series data related to the economic vitality of Beijing
from 2013 to 2017, a suitable evaluation system for urban economic vitality is
established from the perspective of economic growth, enterprise vitality,
capital capacity and labor quality. The entropy method was used to evaluate the
urban economic vitality of Beijing, and the grey correlation analysis was used
to explore the influence of enterprise vitality and the change of urban
resident population on the urban economic vitality. The results show that:
First, the economic vitality of Beijing's urban economy increased year by year
in 2013-2017, and the growth rate increased significantly between 2016 and
2017. Second, the grey correlation degree between enterprise vitality and
population quantity and urban economic vitality is high, enterprise vitality
includes the number of enterprise registration and the total enterprise profit
son-in-line correlation. In view of the conclusion of the study, it is
suggested that various places can promote the economic vitality of the city by enhancing
the vitality of enterprises and attracting the influx of talents.


Electrolysis of water is a promising reaction to produce the sustainable energy of hydrogen that proceeds commonly by assistance of a highly efficient catalyst. Now, the development of highly efficient and low‐cost electrocatalysts has stimulated increasing interest. Herein, a new composited electrocatalyst of Mo x C embedded in N‐doped carbon nanosheets (Mo x C@NCS) is successfully prepared from a self‐assembly route. Due to the expanded interlayers of carbon NCS and enhanced active defective sites induced by two‐materials compositing, the as‐synthesized Mo x C@NCS affords splendid hydrogen evolution reaction (HER, overpotential of 160 mV), as well as remarkable oxygen evolution reaction (OER, overpotential of 360 mV) at 10 mA cm−2 in alkaline water splitting. In view of earlier excellent performances, the bifunctional Mo x C@NCS catalyst shows a low cell voltage of 1.56 V at 10 mA cm−2 in overall water splitting. In addition, the Mo x C@NCS exhibits an outstanding stability after long‐term electrochemical measurements. These findings extend the potential application of carbon‐supported non‐noble metallic catalysts, being of great significance in sustainable energy‐related fields.


In the Minimum k-Path Connected Vertex Cover Problem (MkPCVCP), we are given a connected graph G and an integer k ≥ 2, and are required to find a subset C of vertices with minimum cardinality such that each path with length k − 1 has a vertex in C , and moreover, the induced subgraph G[C] is connected. MkPCVCP is a generalization of the minimum connected vertex cover problem and has applications in many areas such as security communications in wireless sensor networks. MkPCVCP is proved to be NP-complete. In this paper, we give the first polynomial time approximation scheme (PTAS) for MkPCVCP in unit disk graphs, for every fixed k ≥ 2.


The solution of linear and sparseness-regularized microwave imaging problems is addressed in this work. The recently introduced class of Compressive Sensing (CS) methods is discussed also through representative numerical examples aimed at pointing out the features, advantages and drawbacks of such methodologies. Current trends and future developments within this research area are also envisaged.


The comparative risk process brings together diverse stakeholders to reach a consensus on which environmental problems pose the most risk to human health, ecosystem health and quality of life. In addition, comparative risk seeks to develop a consensus on an action plan to reduce those risks. Over the last ten years, almost forty states, tribes, and localities have initiated or completed a comparative risk project. What have we learned from these experiences, and are there some general characteristics of projects that can help to ensure success?


It is no surprise that the first animators featured in the prestigious Pushkin Museum of Art (Moscow) are Yuri Norstein and his wife/collaborator Francesca Yarbusova. While this famous couple have not been as prolific as some of their contemporaries, each one of their films is perceived by many as a unique masterpiece, screened and studied all over the world. In addition to original artwork and studio models, the Moscow exhibition featured Yuri Norstein's writings on animation, which he argued were as important as the presented artefacts (Malpas, 2005). The exhibition attracted a much wider audience than initially expected, which prompted a special print of this original catalogue, 'Юpий Hopштeйн й Фpaнчecкa Ярбycoвa: Cкaзкa Сказок' ('Yuri Norstein and Francesca Yarbusova: Tale of Tales').1 Although Norstein is a much sought-after lecturer, he has published few writings to date. Therefore, this book offers readers a unique chance to delve into the animator's philosophical ruminations. The introduction to the book is written by Naum Kleiman, director of the State Russian Museum of Cinema and close friend of Norstein. Kleiman compares Norstein to some of Russia's greatest artists, who also inspire the animator. According to Kleiman, Norstein shares Eisenstein's understanding of cinema, Pushkin's poetic spontaneity, and Tarkovsky's insight into memory and consciousness (p. 8). The catalogue confirms Norstein's scope of interests – the animator discusses everything from literary theory to design principles, reads Marcus Aurelius, refers to Freud and Shakespeare, and analyzes Japanese


basic phenomenon,the presenceof streptococcal infection in endemic form. We should be wise to considerevery caseof streptococcal tonsillitis as the token of a serious diseasepossessingan epidemiological gravity at least equal to that of diphtheria. Although more than thirty types of the Streptococcuspyogeneshavenow beenidentified, it appears likely that at anyonetime in a given community any streptococcaloutbreakis causedby one type of the organism alone. 'The instance is cited of a school of three hundredboys, in which, during five years, there were six epidemics of streptococcal disease,eachclinically distinct from the others. A logical corollary is that there is no elementof pure chancein the occurrenceof cases,allegedlysporadic, of acute rheumatism, mastoiditis or puerperal fever; and the investigationsof Colebrook strongly support the view that infections of the upper respiratory tract are an important factor in the pathogenesisof thesediseases. Since thesecocci occur in such a multiplicity of types, each type possessing specific antigenic properties,it follows that the preparationof effective therapeuticsera.is a complicated task, since we have to deal, not with one, but with thirty or more infections. Theseare probably dust-bornein part, and probably also spreadoccurs through the medium of "droplets", a plain indication that the isolation of establishedcasesof the diseasewill be much lesseffective than the protectionby adequate spacingof all contacts. Only thus can the danger due to "carriers", all suffering from subclinical infections, be providedfor. There is also an urgent necessity that all rheumatic subjects should be carefully protected against naso-pharyngeal infections.


This paper discusses microprocessor based variable slip-force level damper system providing one of the autonomous-decentralized structural control schemes. This damper system consists of several dampers distributed to several floors in a building. Either each damper or each group of dampers is autonomously controlled by its decentralized controller, then providing an autonomous-decentralized control system. Autonomous-decentralized control seems very appropriate for a huge building. In this paper, as a decentralized controller, a microprocessor is utilized with very simple control algorithm integrated. The validity of the proposed control system is demonstrated by conducting experiments along with computer simulation incorporated.


The use of a minimum quantity of lubrication (MQL) with extremely low consumption of lubricant in machining processes has been reported as a technologically and environmentally feasible alternative to conventional flood cooling. In hot machining, the external heat source is applied during machining that will assist to increase machining performance. Many external heating techniques are available and each type has advantages/disadvantages. 17-4 PH stainless steel (AISI630) is martensitic stainless steel, which is widely used in energy equipment, aerospace and petrochemical industries. The objective of the present paper is to integrate MQL technique, for the first time, with a hot turning process for finding an optimum possible hybrid technique for a particular machining process. The effects of different machining parameters on MQL turning of 17-4 PH stainless steel have been investigated in comparison with dry and wet machining processes. Experiments were also designed for machining using MQL and dry techniques to evaluate surface roughness, tool wear, machined surface morphology, chip morphology as well as chip formation mechanism under different pre-heating temperatures. The results show that applying MQL technique with online thermally enhanced turning (MQL-hot turning) increases the efficiency of machining of 17-4 PH stainless steel. The cutting parameters and pre-heating temperature are important parameters and should be selected carefully when using hybrid MQL-hot turning. In addition, machining with MQL is beneficial to the environment and machine tool operator health as lubricant consumption during operation with MQL is 7-fold lower than in the conventional system.


From the angle whether maintaining flow state information,this paper presents an improved Active Queue Management(AQM)——Single Flow-AQM(SF-AQM).SF-AQM only maintenances data flow state information which has high transmission rate in order to reduce the router overhead identifies the non-adaptive flow by comparing packet the arrival intervals of different flow,improves the fairness of the algorithm,and controls the queue length under the target value to ensure the stability of the algorithm.Simulation results show SF-AQM algorithm has good performance in fairness and stability,and it is an effective algorithm in high performance communication networks congestion control.


This experiment grew out of efforts to apply findings relating personality and motivational variables to variations i n perceptual behavior. The literature describing the influences of attitudes, values, and emotional conflicts on perceptual duration thresholds has provided the source for experimental techniques and hypotheses. Jenkin's paper (1957) surveys the pertinent literature in a thorough and systematic fashion, and therefore such a review is not appropriate here. The experiment was begun in the hope of applying the findings from perceptual and motivational research toward development of instrumental methods suitable for the evaluation of the effects of drugs and other factors on emotionally charged aspects of personality. I t was expected that stimuli illustrating areas of emotional conflict would be perceived at significantly different perceptual threshold speeds by persons having differing personalities, with the n a m e of the conflicc being reflected by these differences in threshold for emotionally significant stimuli. I t was assumed that the "amount" of personality maladjustment would be related t o scores on tests of personality and chat there would be varying amounts of affect associated with these emotionally loaded areas. It was predicted thac the strength of conflict associated with these affect-loaded areas would be reflected in gross deviations from a mean perceptual threshold score on emotionally loaded stimuli. It was further hypothesized thac variables in the perceptual situation associated with affective or emotional phenomena would be more effective in producing shifts in perceptual threshold than the strucrural or formal characteristics of the perceptual stimuli. The structural or formal characteristics include such fearures as the pictorial complexiry of the drawings. the length of word stimuli, the frequency of occurrence or farnrllarity of che strmull in prror experience, and che size or shape of the stirnull. METHOD Ss were a series of 45 consecutive male patients being seen as part of the teaching and research program of a large medical center; the 45 patients ranged i n age from 20 to 45 and came to the medical center for various psychiatric illnesses. Patients who were obviously psychotic were not accepted for


This report is a thesis in the context of the engineering education Ergonomic Design and Production at Lulea University of Technology that includes 30 hp. The work began in 2007 in collaboration wi ...


Current models about the interior structure of Enceladus entail a thin crust and a subcrustal water layer above an undifferentiated (rock+metal) interior. The determination of the existence of the putative subsurface ocean at Enceladus can be pursued with methods similar to those proposed for Europa, including the study of the gravitational perturbations of tidal origin on an Enceladus orbiter, and the use of altimeter measurements to the tidally deformed surface. The design of an Enceladus orbiter is difficult since the dynamical environment is made very unstable by the overwhelming presence of nearby Saturn. A nominal, high altitude, 64 degrees inclined reference orbit is proposed that enjoys long term stability and is favorable for long-term mapping and other scientific experiments. A brief excursion to lower altitude, slightly higher inclined, yet highly unstable orbits is proposed to improve gravity signatures and enable high resolution, nadir-pointing experiments on the geysers emanating from the tiger-stripes. Round-trip transfers between the two orbital phases is expected to conservatively cost between ~50 and ~100 m/s. In addition results are presented in terms of sensitivity of detection of the Love numbers to the different orbital geometries. Indications are provided for optimized orbit planning of future exploration missions aimed at investigating the internal structure of the satellite and the detection of its putative subcrustal ocean.


The utility model relates to an experiment table for a vacuum excrement and urine collecting device, comprising an experiment table shell; a table board part is arranged at the upper part of an experiment table shell and comprises a vacuum excrement and urine collecting device mounting part and a test output part, and a water tank for detecting elements of a water circuit of the vacuum excrement and urine collecting device, a vacuum box for detecting vacuum degree of the vacuum excrement and urine collecting device and a pressure tank for detecting air pressure elements of the vacuum excrement and urine collecting device are arranged in the experiment table shell; a plurality of interfaces connected with the corresponding elements of the vacuum excrement and urine collecting device are arranged on the experiment table shell, corresponding to the upside of the table board part. In the utility model, the table board part is arranged on the experiment table shell, the vacuum excrement and urine collecting device mounting part and the test output part are arranged on the table board part, the water tank, the vacuum box and the pressure tank are arranged in the experiment table shell, by adopting the design of the corresponding relay and the pipeline, various tests can be performed to the vacuum excrement and urine collecting device, the experiment table has a compact structure, high automation degree, good adaptability and is convenient for test operation, and safe and reliable, and can improve the test precision.


The invention relates to ear-canal earphones, which comprise a shell and an audio output device, wherein the shell is provided with a first combination part; the audio output device comprises a sound induction tube, a second combination part and a loudspeaker; the second combination part is movably combined with the first combination part; and the loudspeaker is coaxially arranged between the sound induction tube and the second combination part with the sound induction tube. The angle of shell and the audio output device can be adjusted and changed relatively so as to ensure that the sound induction tube can be slipped in and accord with the ear canals of different angles of users. The angle of each ear-canal earphone of the invention can be adjusted relative to the shell of each earphone, thus when being worn by the users with different ear-canal angles, the earphones can be adjusted to the most comfortable position according to the ear-canal angles. In addition, because the loudspeaker is arranged in the audio output device, the direction from the output sound to the sound induction tube is not changed following the adjustment of the angles and the output characteristic of soundis not influenced.


We developed 18-W, femtosecond Yb-fiber laser system at 10-MHz repetition rate with large-scale transmission gratings for chirped-pulse amplification. Focused intensity was high enough for highly nonlinear processes such as ionization of atoms.


Hungarian goose production and gene conservation practices have been a tradition in Hungary for several centuries. The old Hungarian geese can only be effectively maintained if the national programs can identify economic uses of the breed. This study aimed to examine the potential use of the Hungarian landrace goose (HL) either as a purebred or crossbred with the Hungarian Upgraded breed (HU). Crossbred offspring were produced by HL ganders and HU layers, as egg production of HL layers is very low. Reproduction traits (egg production, fertility and hatchability) of parent stocks, body weight gain, feed consumption and slaughter values (slaughter loss, breast and thigh weight and proportions) and of offspring were measured. The results showed that fertility in the crossbred geese was insignificant compared to the fertility of HL purebreds, while hatchability of crossbreds was higher than that of purebred HL or HU. HL offspring had significantly lower bodyweight and weight gain, and a higher feed conversion rate than HU. The proportion of valuable meat parts (breast and thigh) was the highest in HU while weight in slaughter loss was also the highest in HU. In terms of body weight, feed conversion rate and slaughter properties, crossbred offspring showed intermediate  inheritance. HL is recommended for crossbreeding with HU breeds and their offspring should be reared under free-range keeping conditions.


Objective To study medication modality of spleen-stomach damp-heat pattern and composition regularity of spleen-stomach damp-heat formula in the Ming-Qing Dynasties. Methods Totally 591 formulas for spleen-stomach damp-heat pattern were collected from more than 120 medical books in the Ming-Qing Dynasties. Formula and medicinal database was established. Data analysis was done by mathematical statistics method and data-mining skill. Results Primary medicinals for spleen-stomach damp-heat pattern and some valuable herb-pattern modalities in the Ming-Qing Dynasties were found. Conclusion Principles, methods, formulas and medicinals for spleen-stomach damp-heat pattern become extensive in content, profuse in academic views and valuable in theory and application after carried on and developed by physicians in the Ming-Qing Dynasties.


An argon ion laser velocimeter with four beams was used to measure the detailed flow-field of an advanced eight blade propeller with 45% of tip sweep in an 8x6 foot supersonic wind tunnel. Data were obtained at a free stream Mach number of 0.8, the design advance ratio of 3.06 and a power coefficient of 1.8. Data are presented for inlet flow, exit flow, flow within the blades and flow slightly outside the blade tips. The data are compared to a lifting line theory. In general, the results of the comparison are considered favorable.


We address a long-standing and long-investigated problem in combinatorial topology, and break the exponential barrier for triangulations of real projective space, constructing a trianglation of $\mathbb{RP}^n$ of size $e^{(\frac{1}{2}+o(1))\sqrt{n}{\log n}}$.


The findings in the field of paleontology Panama has increased greatly over the last decade, this is attributed to scientific alliances forged between institutions based primarily in Panama and American institutions. The importance and intensity of activities in Panama in recent years mainly by researchers associated with PCP-PIRE of Florida Museum of Natural History at the University of Florida project led to the realization of this first symposium on vertebrate paleontology (University of Panama from 16 to 18 August 2012), which was designed to raise awareness of the state of the science in Panama as well as the significance of the discoveries made. Below are summaries of the presentations given are presented.


The present article has the proposal to be a basic reading of the current scene for the problematic construction of municipal public administration, that passes for an accented process of consolidation in direction to a new paradigm of management based on three strong pillars: the popular participation, the environment management, and the creation of nets. The article has the purpose to show the empirical viability of the new presented theoretical base. It will bring a particule view of the problem of the urban domestic garbage in the State of Sao Paulo, having shown the main results of no observance of the approach of the environment nets in the public administration of the metropolitan regions. The two questions of management hydric resources through the existing microbasins will be used in the city of Sao Paulo as a example of an incipient approuching of the concept of nets and its main consequences for the management of hydric resources and the urban domestic garbage on public places. In regional level, this matrix will be extended so that let us have an integrated vision of the physical environment of the localities. Palavras-chave: Shared Environment Nets; Public Management; Urban Domestic Garbage.. The strong intent in local public municipal administration and the power has of the past, is elapsing along the years, for innumerable moments of changes in the history of the country. Initially, was the time, where the local public administration, deliberately, acts for the defense of specific interests of the population, using the power, without any type of focus or vision, later, for a long period of social assistencialism acts, as form to guarantee the continuity of the politics of aiding the poor people private of the power. Arriving at the present moment, where the exclusive aiding to the ruling classes and the social assistencialism more do not represent the base of the local public governance that, although all under strong influence of these factors, it is presented a moment of changes of this paradigm, the environment question, associated to the aspects of the exercise of the citizenship and of the partnerships between the public power and the civil society, a factor that becomes more evident along the time, and in the context of the public administration place, as a necessity of of a complex reflection of all the society in the construction and consolidation of a new paradigm of the public administration, that takes care of the news and actual necessities of the current society in change and with the partnership between the public and the private organizations. This reflection, today, is concentrate in the necessity of having a bigger understanding of the society in its diverse component dimensions, since the geographic questions, strategic politics and, even the problematic of the construction of know- how about the collective place and its consequences in the consolidation of the local power to the municipal level and its results, under the socioeconomic and environmental point of view. It is in these dimensions that the interventions of the local power occur in more intense and direct way, through actions aiming


The gate-all-around thin-film transistor (GAT) can suppress the individual performance variation. The suppression mechanism of the individual performance variation in the GAT was investigated using a poly-Si TFT simulator. The GAT is more effective on the decrease of the individual performance variation than the single-gate TFT in low-voltage operation. Moreover, the OFF-current of the GAT is almost the same as that of the single-gate TFT with the LDD. The GAT is an attractive candidate to achieve high-density, low-voltageoperation, and low-power SRAMs.


A simulation-based method of using Incentives and Disincentives (I/D) contracting in highway construction projects is presented. Providing gu idance in a proper use of I/D contract methods, the present model improves the efficiency of I/D contracting in highway construction projects. Data analysis is performed for the application of I/D contracting to construction contracts. Using statistical an alysis, influencing factors in I/D contracting are identified. Monte Carlo simulation s are then performed in case studies for the purpose of model validation. The present model can serve as a tool for owners and managers to make a decision in use of I/D contract in highway construction projects.


Purpose of the study. Currently, laparoscopic technique has become widely used in the treatment of extended strictures and obliterations of the ureter. The use of minimally invasive approaches will also be relevant for such a relatively new operation as buccal ureteroplasty. In the literature, there are isolated publications devoted to this technique. The aim of this study was to study the results of our own experience of laparoscopic ureteral reconstruction using a buccal graft.Patients and methods. We observed 5 patients – 2 men and 3 women, at the age of 30–62 years. All patients have already been operated on the urinary tract, of these, in four patients, the urinary tract was drained with a nephrostomy or internal ureteral stent. Two patients underwent replacement ureteroplasty with tubularized buccal graft, and three patients underwent augmentation ureteroplasty with buccal graft using the onlay method.Results. All operations in this group were carried out without conversions. The average length of the ureteral defect was 4.9 cm (4.0–6.0 cm). The patients did not have severe complications in the postoperative period according to the ClavienDindo classification. One patient underwent treatment for exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis; one man experienced ureteral stent migration, which required restentation. The follow-up period was 1–15 months; one woman developed unextended ureteral restenosis, which was eliminated by endoureterotomy and ureteral stenting. At the moment, all patients are spared from permanent urinary drains, they do not have upper urinary tract obstruction. Conclusion. All operations in this group were carried out without conversions. The average length of the ureteral defect was 4.9 cm (4.0–6.0 cm). The patients did not have severe complications in the postoperative period according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. One patient underwent treatment for exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis; one man experienced ureteral stent migration, which required restentation. The observation period for the patients was 1–15 months, one woman developed short ureteral restenosis, which was eliminated by endoureterotomy and ureteral stenting. At the moment, all patients do not have permanent urinary drains, violations of the urodynamics of the upper urinary tract were not revealed in them.


For a given graph $H$, a graph $G$ is $H$-linked if, for every injection $\varphi: V(H) \to V(G)$, the graph $G$ contains a subdivision of $H$ with $\varphi(v)$ corresponding to $v$, for each $v\in V(H)$. Let $f(H)$ be the minimum integer $k$ such that every $k$-connected graph is $H$-linked. Among graphs $H$ with at least four vertices, the exact value $f(H)$ is only know when $H$ is a path with four vertices or a cycle with four vertices. A kite is graph obtained from $K_4$ by deleting two adjacent edges, i.e., a triangle together with a pendant edge. Recently, Liu, Rolek and Yu proved that every $8$-connected graph is kite-linked. The exact value of $f(H)$ when $H$ is the kite remains open. In this paper, we settle this problem by showing that every 7-connected graph is kite-linked.


Abstract Objectives: How susceptible older adults' affect is to fluctuations in health (i.e., health sensitivity) indicates how well they adapt to everyday health challenges. Theory and evidence are inconsistent as to whether older adults are more or less health sensitive than younger adults. The role of health burden as correlate and outcome of health sensitivity and age differences therein is also unclear. We thus move the study of health sensitivity ahead from longitudinal inquiry to examine age differences, the role of health burden, and long-term implications of daily life health sensitivit Methods: We use data from COGITO where 101 younger adults (M age = 25; range = 20–31) and 103 older adults (M age = 71; range = 65–80) gave daily reports of physical symptoms and positive and negative affect during a ∼100-day micro-longitudinal phase, as well as reports of trait-level health two years before and after. Results: Extending earlier reports, older age and higher health burden were (independently) associated with lower health sensitivity in positive but not negative affect. Health sensitivity was unrelated to long-term changes in health burden. Conclusion: We take our findings to indicate successful aging (older adults are not more emotionally vulnerable to health issues) and discuss habituation as a process underlying how age and health burden may reduce health sensitivity.


There have been several query-by-humming techniques developed for music retrieval. The techniques either are errorprone due to the inaccuracy of the hummed query or force the users to hum according to a metronome. This paper presents a new slope-based query-by-humming technique, in which the retrieval is robust to the inaccuracy in query and the use of metronome is eliminated. We use melody curve to represent the melodies of the original songs and the hummed query. And curve features: slope ranges and spans and note changes are extracted from the melody curves. Music retrieval is done by matching the curve features of query with those of the original musical songs. Results have shown the features and the algorithms are robust to humming inaccuracy.


This paper reports the detection of the fine-structure forbidden line of O III at 88.16 microns in emission from M 17 (the Omega Nebula), which is an optically bright galactic H II region and a strong thermal radio source. The observations were made using an airborne 30-cm telescope and a liquid helium-cooled grating spectrometer with Ge:Ga photoconductive detectors. The line intensity is found to be 2.2 (+1.0, -0.7) by 10 to the -15th power W/sq cm. The results are compared with those of a search for the present line in M 42 as well as with theoretical predictions of the line intensity.


The main problem in this article is the low awareness of students' critical thinking when writing various academic activities. One of the reasons for this condition is that learning to write academic forms has not used the right approach or model. The purpose of writing this article is to describe the application of Critical Thinking in student academic writing. This research was written using literature study and direct observation of the academic writing lecture process, namely writing scientific papers. The results of the observation show that in a class that does not use the Critical Thinking approach, it shows that during the academic writing lecture process, students have not developed the concept of critical thinking properly so that their written work has not produced critical and innovative products. However, in classes that apply the Critical Thinking Approach, lectures have been running effectively and the students' written work is in accordance with the assessment criteria. This increase and effectiveness is because students carry out the stages of analysis, evaluation, reconstruction, and creativity during writing lectures.