Light-induced coherent control over structure in solid-state systems is an intriguing possibility for modulation of material properties on time scales many orders of magnitude faster than conventional methods. Here, I give an overview of some possible mechanisms for how such control over atomic-scale order can be achieved, along with selected examples of their application. These mechanisms are roughly divided into two categories: indirect methods, where an auxiliary degree of freedom is driven by an intense light pulse, which then couples to the desired order parameter; and direct methods, where the light interacts directly with an order parameter via electric or magnetic dipole moments. Strong emphasis is given to a discussion of experiments where the transient changes in response to such intense light stimulation is quantitatively characterized by X-ray diffraction measurements recently made possible at intense accelerator-based sources.


"LETRA S. SIDA. Cultura y Vida Cotidiana" is a monthly 16-page supplement that appears in the Mexican national newspaper "La Jornada." The supplement is produced by a nongovernmental organization (NGO) of the same name, and advertisements pay for the costs of production. Each issue studies a different AIDS theme, including women, indigenous people, migration, safe sex, homophobia, religion, and education. Each theme is approached from various perspectives, including epidemiology, medicine, sexuality, human rights, social science research, culture, and the arts. Populations most at risk are targeted. The aim is to arouse cultural criticism of taboos, prejudice and discrimination, sexual inequality, and gender issues that facilitate the transmission of HIV. Official health policies and the activities of groups, conservative and religious, which reject prevention programs are scrutinized. Each issue of the supplement includes a journalistic investigation providing statistics, facts, and opinions; interviews with health and education officials, politicians, state governors, and NGO staff; background articles by intellectuals, researchers, and well-known persons in Mexican society; PHA testimonies; reports on research and conferences; letters to the editor; cultural reviews relating to the theme of the issue; and a directory of NGOs doing HIV/AIDS work and of health institutions serving PHAs. The supplement has gone from a print run of 25,000 copies, when it was published as part of "El Nacional" (another government newspaper), to 70,000 in "La Jornada." The NGO has recently won the "Francisco Estrada Valle" award for its work.


The proposals contained in the Local Government: Municipal Property Rates Amendment Bill (see LGB 13(2), July 2011, pp 13-15) have attracted much attention. The media, the public and estate agents have all critiqued the provisions on the rating of residential properties which are not the primary residence of the property owner: for example, investment properties that have been purchased to let, or holiday residences.


We study the weighted sum rate maximisation problem of wireless networks consisting of multiple source–destination pairs. The optimisation problem is to maximise a weighted sum of data rates by adjusting the power of each user. The problem is in general a non-convex optimisation problem that will lead to multiple local maxima. A Gauss–Seidel type iterative power control algorithm is presented. The proposed algorithm has the favourable properties that only simple operations are needed in each iteration and the convergence is fast. Performance investigation under some benchmark examples and different user densities has shown its effectiveness. A survey and comprehensive comparison with today's best-known solutions is provided. Finally, we derive and prove some simple and interesting optimal binary power allocation strategies under special cases of the problem if the network can be represented by a certain approximation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. *Correspondence


As a famous production base of forest and fruit,Cangzhou city has been developed fastly these years.However,many problems are still existed for market compitition.Based on the analysis and researches together with the real situation of Cangzhou city,the developing strategies through elite forestry are put forward in this paper.


Astechrome (1), isolated from Aspergillus terreus IFO 6123 and 8835, was synthesized. Indolylmagnesium bromide (4) was coupled with a chloromethylpyrazine (5) to give 2-chloro-5-methoxy-3-methyl-6-[7-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)indol-3-yl]methylpyrazine 1-oxide (6), which was converted to the Fe salt (9) of a hydroxamic acid derivative (8). Oxidation of 9 with Co(salen) afforded 1.


In hydrochloric acid and at 95 ℃ rhodium(Ⅲ) can catalyze the depigmentation reaction of potassium periodate oxidizing malachite green.The optimal experimental conditions have been discussed and based on the optimal experimental conditions a new method of catalytic kinetic spectrophotometric determination of rhodium has been established.The absorbency difference ΔA and the concentration of rhodium(Ⅲ) remains good linear relationship in 0.04~0.06 μg/mL,and the detection limit is 5.98×10-10 g/mL.The dynamic parameter is also measured,suggesting that this reaction is a first order reaction.The apparent rate constant is 7.67×10-4 s-1,and the apparent activation energy is 58.20 kJ/mol.The method has been applied to the determination of trace amount of rhodium in molecular sieve catalysts and active carbon and resulted with a recovery rate between 95.8% to 106.6% which meets the requirement of trace amount analyst determination.


This paper shows that exponential discounting may have an advancing effect on the timing of investment, not captured by sensitivity analysis carried out for the complete range of instantaneous discount rates implicit in declining discounting.


2548 Background: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) correlate with increased invasiveness, growth, and immunosuppression. Activation of CSF-1R results in proliferation, differentiation, and migration of monocytes/macrophages. CSF-1R inhibition with LY3022855 (LY), a human immunoglobulin G subclass 1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibody (mAB), may have favorable anti-tumor effects. We evaluated the safety and clinical response of LY monotherapy. Methods: Patients (pts) with advanced refractory MBC and MCRPC received LY intravenously in 6-week cycles in cohorts: A) 1.25 mg/kg every 2 weeks [Q2W]; B) 1.0 mg/kg on Weeks 1, 2, 4, and 5; C) 100 mg once weekly; D)100 mg Q2W. MCRPC pts were enrolled in cohorts A and B; MBC pts were enrolled in all cohorts. Anti-tumor activity was assessed using RECIST v1.1 by radiological imaging every 6 weeks. Results: Thirty-four pts (22 MBC; 12 MCRPC) received ≥1 dose of LY. Median age was 57.0 years (range: 32.0–81.0) for MBC pts and 72.5 years (range: 58.0–84.0) for MCRPC pts. Baseline Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status was 0 (n = 13, 38.2%), 1 (n = 18, 52.9%), or 2 (n = 3, 8.8%). MBC pts were hormone receptor (HR) positive (n = 20), HR negative (n = 1), or unknown (n = 1); 3 MBC pts received concurrent hormone therapy. Common treatment-related adverse events of any grade were fatigue (38.2%), decreased appetite (26.5%), nausea (26.5%), increased lipase (23.5%), and increased creatine phosphokinase (20.6%). No complete or partial response was observed. Stable disease (SD) was observed in 5/22 MBC pts (duration 82–302 days) and 3/7 evaluable MCPRC pts (duration 50–124 days). Two MBC pts (9%; Cohort A) had durable SD > 9 months and 1 pt had palpable reduction in a nontarget neck mass. Circulating CSF1 and IL-34 increased at Day 8 suggestive of target engagement. Pharmacokinetics of LY were consistent with other IgG1 mAbs. Conclusions: LY3022855 was well tolerated and showed evidence of target engagement. Clinically meaningful SD > 9 months was observed in 2 MBC pts. Tumor biomarker analyses are underway. Clinical trial information: NCT02265536.


The aim of this was to investigate the effects of lambing interval and some non- genetic factors (age of dam, season of lambing, sex of lamb, type of birth and ewes weight) on test day milk yield (TDM), total milk production (TMP), lactation period (LP), birth weight (BW) and weaning weight (WW).This study was carried out on200 local Kurdi ewes in Erbil plain, Kurdistan region during July, 2013 to July, 2014. The overall mean for the TDM, TMP, LP, BW and WW were 417.08 g, 47.35kg, 113.79 days, 3.68kg and31.25kg, respectively. Results revealed that lambing interval, age of dam, season of lambing, sex of lambsand type of birth significantly affected (p<0.05)TDM, TMP, BW and WW. The weight of dam had a significant effect (p<0.05) on BW and WW. Lambing interval was negatively correlated (P<0.01) with WW (-0.184). It was concluded that lambing interval, age of dam, season of lambing, sex of lambs and type of birth played a role in the variations of TDM, TMP, BW and WW in Kurdi ewes. The shorter the lambing interval the heavier the WW of lambs .It was also concluded that accelerated lambing is possible in Kurdijewe due to their non- seasonality. A three lambing during two years may be a preferable strategy to increase meat as well as milk from Kurdi local ewes.


In order to detecting the community structure for the network,a genetic algorithm with small-world characteristic is explored.Inspired the searching mechanisms of small-world phenomena and the conjunctional properties of the network,a local search operator is put forward firstly.Accordingly,a genetic algorithm with small-world characteristic is put forward based on the basic framework of the genetic algorithm and the local search operator.The results of community detection for some classic networks indicate that the genetic algorithm with small-world characteristic achieves higher modularity than the Girvan-Newman algorithm and the simulated annealing algorithm.It means that the genetic algorithm with small-world characteristic is useful and effective.


The contents of a advanced power electronic course have been developed for a power engineering curriculum that is evolving despite of having limited resources. These course contents can be segmented and inserted into junior, senior, and graduate level courses to benefit students. Some of the techniques involve hands-on teaching using project-based approach. Some of the project outputs will be presented in this paper. Even though the currently available resources do not allow administering new courses this approach will help students learn advanced topics practiced in power industries and taught in resource-rich academic institutes.


Background: The legislation of Swedish forensic psychiatric care states that the risk of further violence must beassessed before a patient is granted release from a forensic psychiatric hospital. T ...


The invention discloses a method for synthesizing a chiral carbon ring intermediate of Abacavir. The steps are as follows: firstly, an intermediate 1 is prepared by 2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5- en-3-one, 1 mol of intermediate 1 is dissolved into 500 to 2000ml of organic solvent, the organic solvent is added into phosphate buffer solution of bacillus subtilis proteinase cross-linked enzyme crystals;the system is maintained between 15 and 35 DEG C and is mechanically stirred for 5 to 10 hours, the stirring speed is between 100 and 500r/m; the reaction is stopped, and the bacillus subtilis proteinase cross-linked enzyme crystals are reclaimed after the filtration; another 1000 to 2000ml of organic solvent is used to extract the filtrate for 3 to 6 times; organic phases are merged and dried bydrying agent; and the target compound is obtained through reduced pressure distillation or column chromatography. The method has the advantages that: the method has short reaction time and high yield,the obtained product has high optical purity, and the catalyst can be reclaimed and reused.


This paper proposes an approach for estimating the uncertainty associated with model-based macroeconomic forecasts. We argue that estimated forecast intervals should account for the uncertainty arising from selecting the specification of an empirical forecasting model from the sample data. To allow this uncertainty to be considered systematically, we formalize a model selection procedure that specifies the lag structure of a model and accounts for aberrant observations. The procedure can be used to bootstrap the complete model selection process when estimating forecast intervals. We apply the procedure to generating forecasts and forecast intervals for the change in the consumer price index in Germany, with special emphasis on assessing the risk of deflationary developments. JEL classification: C5, E0, E5


The extent of staling of the most popular wheat bread‐types in Saudi Arabia (Samauli, Mafrood, Burr and Tamees) were followed during 1, 2 and 3 days storage periods in polyethylene bags at room temperature. Measurements included loss of moisture, total water solubles, swelling power, soluble starch, amylograph characteristics and sensory freshness evaluation. After one day storage period. Tamees bread had a faster degree of staling followed by Burr and Mafrood in comparison to Samauli and white pan breads. Both white pan and Samauli breads remained fresh to some degree while Mafrood and Burr breads were slightly stale and Tamees was stale. After 3 days storage period, all types of bread were rated very stale except Samauli and pan which was rated only stale. Swelling power, total water solubles, soluble starch and amylograph maximum viscosity tended to decrease as the storage period increased. Sensory freshness scores of all breads correlated positively with swelling power, total solubles and soluble star...


Saving memory from oblivion by the example of Włodek Goldkorn's book "Dziecko w śniegu" This text tries to find the answer to the question of how to save memory from oblivion. The author of the article analyzes, on the example of Włodek Goldkorn's book Dziecko w śniegu, such an attempt. The article describes Goldkorn's efforts to reconstruct his own history (using photographs, conversation, travels to known and unknown places). The study also aims to draw attention to the Holocaust, or rather to death as a result of this cruel act. Keywords: Włodek Goldkorn, Marek Edelman, Extermination of Jews, memory, photographs, Auschwitz, identity


Summary The operation of discharge and response delay in an open channel irrigation system are discussed using mathematical analyses and experimental evaluations.Analytical treatments are made based on the linearized diffusion analog model. It was clarified that the dimensionless distance and time obtained as a result of the analyses were useful in describing the operation response.Also, the phenomena of the response to the operations were transferred downstream as dynamic,dynamic-kinematic and kinematic waves according to the dimensionless factors. The approximated equations for predicting the response were derived from a linearized diffusion analog model within the effective range of distance.The validity of this approximation was confirmed by experimental evaluations. The waves in an open channel regarded as the first delay system is discussed.The equations for evaluating the parameters of the first delay system were derived from the aforementioned approximation and the condition of continuity.The validity of using the first delay system was confirmed by computer simulations.Inversely,gate control corresponding to the desired response at the irrigation field is discussed using the first delay system. The long wave in an open channel caused by gate control is discussed.In cases where the water required for irrigating a field is far away from the gate,gate operators are needed to predict the delay of discharge response.However,an exact prediction using complicated calculations might not be needed. Under these circumstances,an approximate prediction is recommended.This paper deals with the applications of the analysis of discharge response.Theoretical analyses,computer simulations and experimental evaluations were carried out for this purpose. Hayami(1951)prepared a linearized diffusion analog model for water depth. Further,for estimating the water volume,a model for discharge was made in the same manner,and the boundary conditions given by discharge were used. A dimensionless model is used in this paper for discussion.The parameter of dimensionless discharge was taken from Iwasaki(1979).The parameters of dimensionless distance and time were proposed by Kajisa(1986).


In a previous paper we constructed classical spin Chern-Simons for any compact Lie group $G$: a gauge theory whose action depends on the spin structure of the 3-manifold. Here we apply geometric quantization to the classical Hamiltonian theory and investigate the formal properties of the partition function in the Lagrangian theory, all in the case $G = SO_3$. We find that the quantum theory for $SO_3$ spin Chern-Simons corresponds to the spin TQFT constructed by Blanchet and Masbaum in the same way that the quantum theory for standard $SU_2$ Chern-Simons corresponds to the TQFT constructed by Reshetikhen and Turaev or the TQFT constructed by Blanchet, Habegger, Masbaum, and Vogel.


In this workshop, we look at various definitions of Knowledge Mobilization, the evolving research environment that places a greater emphasis on the significance of Knowledge Mobilization, and the services provided by the university to assist researchers with their Knowledge Mobilization strategies.


A bilinear model of PWM rectifier was presented based on the bilinear system theory,and it was transformed into an exact linear model by analyzing the system model and choosing proper control inputs.A double closed loop control system was designed in three-phase stationary reference frame.It has a nonlinear PI controller in the outer loop and a state feedback controller designed based on calculation of pseudo inverse matrices in the inner loop.Experimental results show that the designed control system has good performances in steady and dynamic states.


In this paper, we introduce the Tree-of-Thought (ToT) framework, a novel approach aimed at improving the problem-solving capabilities of auto-regressive large language models (LLMs). The ToT technique is inspired by the human mind's approach for solving complex reasoning tasks through trial and error. In this process, the human mind explores the solution space through a tree-like thought process, allowing for backtracking when necessary. To implement ToT as a software system, we augment an LLM with additional modules including a prompter agent, a checker module, a memory module, and a ToT controller. In order to solve a given problem, these modules engage in a multi-round conversation with the LLM. The memory module records the conversation and state history of the problem solving process, which allows the system to backtrack to the previous steps of the thought-process and explore other directions from there. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed technique, we implemented a ToT-based solver for the Sudoku Puzzle. Experimental results show that the ToT framework can significantly increase the success rate of Sudoku puzzle solving. Our implementation of the ToT-based Sudoku solver is available on GitHub: \url{https://github.com/jieyilong/tree-of-thought-puzzle-solver}.


The problem of deterioration of works of art is particularly relevant in Countries like Italy that are rich in Cultural Heritage. In fact, following UNESCO data, in Italy are located 2/3 of the Cultural Heritage known in the World. Archeological areas, statues, buildings, museums, churches and items there located, hypogean environments, are subjected to different stresses due the geographical position, different degree of pollution, great variety of typology of materials and consequent status of conservation. All together these factors contribute to the different modality of biological attack.


Long-term observations of nonlinear internal waves in the South China Sea reveal seasonal to interannual variability. During two selected segments of inverted echo sounder observations, tidal forcing in Luzon Strait is almost identical, but the observed amplitudes of nonlinear internal waves in the South China Sea are very different. The effects of the Kuroshio and mesoscale eddies, reproduced by HYbrid Cooridnate Ocean Model (HYCOM) reanalysis simulation, are then investigated. The Kuroshio can enhance the zonal tilt of the thermocline and induce intruding flow in Luzon Strait. During the two selected segments, different thermocline slopes did not significantly change the internal tide generation, but the intruding flow may result in a 11% difference in the amplitude of generated M2 internal tides. During the two selected segments, mesoscale eddies appeared on the path of internal wave propagation, a cold eddy in one case and a warm one in the other. The eddies changed local stratification and induced additional background currents, thus affecting the nonlinear evolution of internal tides. In addition, wave front steering due to the mesoscale eddies dramatically affected the observed amplitude changes of the nonlinear internal waves: the edge, rather than the center, of the nonlinear internal wave front passed through the observational stations, resulting in reduced amplitude in the observations.


Brain tumor is an anomalous proliferation of cells in the brain that can evolve to malignant and benign tumors. Currently, segmentation of brain tumor is the most important surgical and pharmaceutical procedures. However, manually segmenting brain tumors is hard because it is hard to find erratically shaped tumors with only one modality; the MRI modalities are integrated to provide multi‐modal images with data that can be utilized to segment tumors. The recent developments in machine learning and the accessibility of medical diagnostic imaging have made it possible to tackle the challenges of segmenting brain tumors with deep neural networks. In this work, a novel Shuffled‐YOLO network has been proposed for segmenting brain tumors from multimodal MRI images. Initially, the scalable range‐based adaptive bilateral filer (SCRAB) pre‐processing technique was used to eliminate the noise artifacts from MRI while preserving the edges. In the segmentation phase, we propose a novel deep Shuffled‐YOLO architecture for segmenting the internal tumor structures that include non‐enhancing, edema, necrosis, and enhancing tumors from the multi‐modality MRI sequences. The experimental fallouts reveal that the proposed Shuffled‐YOLO network achieves a better accuracy range of 98.07% for BraTS 2020 and 97.04% for BraTS 2019 with very minimal computational complexity compared to the state‐of‐the‐art models.


The purpose of the present invention is to provide a composite material production method capable of efficiently producing a composite material having excellent physical properties. The composite material production method according to the present invention includes: a step for removing a solvent from a dispersion liquid in which a fibrous carbon material is dispersed in the solvent, and obtaining an easily dispersible aggregate of the fibrous carbon material; and a step for mixing the easily dispersible aggregate and a polymeric material, and obtaining a composite material containing the polymeric material and the fibrous carbon material.


The dimensional synthesis problem is one of the challenging problems in robotics which has initiated several mathematical challenges. In this paper, a novel algorithm is proposed based on combination of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Cooperative Neural Network (CNN) for solving synthesis problem of a four-bar linkage which leads to an optimization problem. The cooperative network, so-called PS-CNN, consists of memory-retaining particles which collaborate together based on PSO algorithm in a cooperative interaction converge to the optimal dimensional synthesis solution. In the complete-connected network, each neuron provides a solution. Thereby, solutions are updated according to the neurons' memory, their interaction with other neurons and the global best solution of the neurons in order to provide a proper solution to the optimization problem. The objective of the optimization problem is to minimize the distance of the robot's end-effector from the 5 prescribed points by the user when traversing them. Simulation results reveal the desirable performance of the PS-CNN for robot synthesis with higher complexities. Furthermore, the proposed approach opens an avenue to extend it.


The measured link, s/sub 21/, of a two antenna system contains the response of both antennas and the channel between the antennas. The corresponding time-domain waveform reflects the contribution of both transmit and receive antenna in the link as well as the channel in a convolution form. In this paper we demonstrate how to obtain the response of the single antenna (realized effective length) in both time and frequency domains from the frequency-domain s/sub 21/ measurement using a vector network analyzer. Form the response of the single antennas, one can predict the received waveform of a link using different types of receive and transmit antennas, along with a channel model and transmit waveform.


The sections in this article are

Overview
Introduction
Background
Dendrimers as a new Constituent of Biocomposite Structures

Applications for Biosensors
Bioelectrocatalytic Enzyme Electrodes based on LBL (layer-by-layer) Assembly with Dendrimers
Bioelectrocatalytic Immunosensors based on the Dendrimer-associated SAMs
Affinity Recognition Surface based on the Dendrimer-associated SAMs
Electrochemical Signaling from Affinity Recognition Reactions

Protein Micropatterning on Sensor Surfaces for Multiplexed Analysis

Conclusions
Acknowledgments


The influence of new changes in Yichang City traffic environment on logistics industry was analyzed based on the new situation and by using systemic analysis method,regress model,and SWOT model,etc.And correspondent conclusion and advice of logistics development were put forward.


Analyses for silicon and chlorine were complicated by the extreme sensitivity of the products to oxygen and moisture. Micropipets and other conventional apparatus could not be used because the adsorbed water on the glass caused immediate hydrolysis. Recourse mas had to constricted sample tubes 6 X 60 mm. which were heated to 500", cooled in a dry-box filled with nitrogen, filled with the samples from a drawn-out capillary (which also had been cooled in the drybox), and then stoppered and sealed. To analyze for silicon the weighed tubes were broken in the middle and dropped into 5 ml. of absolute alcohol (in which all products were very soluble), and several drops of dilute ammonia water added. The solutions were boiled for one hour, and the resulting silica was filtered, dried and weighed in the usual manner, the empty sample tubes being reweighed afterward. To analyze for chlorine, the weighed sample tubes were broken into a known volume of standardized solution of sodium hydroxide in alcohol, and the excess base titrated against standard acid. After the titration was finished, the empty sample tubes were rinsed with dilute hydrofluoric acid to remove the adhering silica and then were weighed hack. The results are given in Table I.


The crux of lands has been the first restriction in the economic development of our prefecture' urbanization and industrialization, however, under the situation of insufficient lands, the phenomenon of lands waste occurs frequently to some different extent, actually the bottleneck of land resources in our prefecture can be surmounted and the pressure of occupying cultivated land can be lessened in regional economic development through the harnessing and rational utilization of lands in our prefecture.


This paper investigates the delay-dependent stability and stabilization of time-delay systems from the view-point of Finsler's lemma.The free-weighting matrices method is a special case of the proposed unified framework.It is necessary to introduce multiplier matrices for the stability analysis of the time-varying delay systems.The construction of the multiplier matrices affecting the conservatism of the results is discussed.Improved stability criteria and design algo-rithms for the stabilizing controller are developed in terms of linear matrix inequalities.Numerical examples illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.


The Chuzhou district is located on the east side of the middle part of the Tanlu deep large fault,the major fault(Guandian Longwangjian fault) and the secondary NNE and NW faults develop well and crosscut the district,the later is the main gold preserving structure of gold deposits.The Guandian orebody of the early Yanshan period contact well with the Zhangbaling group metamorphic rock series of the Presinian,it is helpful for the activization and enrichment of ore forming elements.There are two main types of gold mineralization in the district:altered rock type and quartz vein type,the former is in large scale and the later is in small scale.The stream sediment survey of 1 50 000 shows that gold anomaly mainly distribute on inner and external contact zones between orebodies and strata,and there are apparent concentration center and concentration zoning in this area.Geological and geochemical features show that there are great prospective exploration in the district.


I have advice for prospective patients—if you get sick, your word on its own may not be enough, so make sure that you have some concrete evidence of infirmity, or that your symptoms conform to an accepted pattern. The word "atypical" is pejorative in the medical world, implying one of three things: imagining it, deliberately making it up, or expensive and time consuming investigations will prove it to be benign. We doctors are scientifically trained; we believe that there is an order out there, and if something doesn't fit a scientifically validated pattern, we tend not to believe in it; if the bloods come back normal, it is even harder to persuade us. We're usually right, of course, but not always.

Joe had a new and exotic symptom to add to his catalogue: a feeling of impending doom.

"A frightful fiend doth close behind me tread," he intoned morbidly, but there were no objective signs whatever.

"All right," I said, "I'll run a few tests," knowing I was only postponing things for a few days, but you never know, a few therapeutic bloods might help, and there is always the one-in-a-kajillion chance that something actually might turn up.

Joe returned a few days later. No change, he said; surprise, surprise, I said. Then suddenly he collapsed on to the floor, screaming (in agony, I think, but possibly delight). His abdomen became acutely distended, gouts of blood and acid flew everywhere, quite ruining my new shell suit, and an alien head with the now traditional slavering jaws burst out.

In 20 years of general practice, I've seen everything, so I tapped the key code for "parasitic infestation," tempted the alien with a few convenient small children, sedated it with intravenous diazepam (finding a vein was a bit tricky), and stuffed it in the surgery fridge, from which nothing ever comes out.

Just then my receptionist arrived, with a sheet of paper. She has seen everything too. "I'll get the mop," she said.

Joe was still lying on the floor, pale and exsanguinating, but with an annoyingly satisfied I-told-you-I-was-sick look on his face.

"There you are Joe," I said, waving the sheet of paper at him, "Your tests are completely normal; there's nothing wrong with you."


The researcher conducted an observation to see the influence between the ethics of the leader, the function of the internal supervisory body, and work experience on the quality of financial reports in LPD, Mengwi District, Badung Regency. LPD employees who act as presenters of financial statements from 38 LPDs that have met the criteria are used as the population in this study. The results of this study indicate that the quality of financial reports at the LPD of Mengwi Badung Regency can be influenced by three independent variables. This research can later be used as a reference and contribution of ideas in the process of drafting policy regulations related to financial reports at the LPD of Mengwi Badung Regency.


The article presents the results of some experimental studies aimed at identifying the duration of the juvenile period that the aboriginal Chechen shapes of a willow-leaf pear have (PyrussalicifoliaPall.) under the acceleration of a breeding process, the goal of which is to achieve plants' high early-maturity properties. The studies were carried out at Scientific Center "Gardens of Chechnya" within 2016–2019 in accordance with the Agreement on creative cooperation between All Russian Scientific Institute on Horticultural Crops Breeding and Scientific Center "Gardens of Chechnya". The experiments were carried out in line with the Program for Breeding of Horticultural Crops, Berry and Walnut Fruits (1995) and the Program for Varieties-Study of Horticultural Crops, Berry and Walnut Fruits (1999). As a study object we used seeds of bred dwarf and weak-growing local Chechen shapes of the willow-leaf pear, generating fruit buds on one-year plants, and seeds of the Caucasian pear (PyruscaucasicaFed.) – 20500 pieces were taken of each shape. In April 2017, stratified seeds were sown in the sowing department of the Nursery Garden under the control of Gardens of Chechnya. Seedlings were grown according to generally accepted technology in rainfed conditions in a field with chestnut soil. Plants' blossoming was observed in the spring of 2019. As an experiment result, based on a large amount of samplings, it was found that in rising plants among a great number of shapes of the aboriginal Chechen willow-leaf pear, the seedlings' breeding is possible in the amount of a little more than 2 %, which have a very short juvenile period (2 years). The phenomenon is becoming an issue to study practically and scientifically with the aim to accelerate the breeding process and breed new varieties of pears with high early-maturity property. For further use and as source of a short juvenile period, 20 shapes of the willow-leaf pear were selected.


Scientists rightly try to ensure that their measurements are as good as they can be. Within addiction research, quantifying consumption of potentially harmful substances is often challenging. This is certainly the case for alcohol, where consumption frequency and quantity, heavy episodic consumption, consumption trajectories across the life-course and consumption in different social contexts are all important [1]. Quantifying the economic impacts of substance use is more difficult still and requires not only the availability of data that are often lacking but also clarity about which costs matter and should therefore be counted. However, even if these challenges could be resolved, the numbers themselves would still be political. Bhattacharya has highlighted limitations in the evidence base around the economic costs of alcohol to England and Wales, but more importantly his contribution provides a conceptual underpinning for thinking through the different types of costs, their definitions and the potential implications for the politics of alcohol policy [2]. From a purely scientific perspective, it is hard to argue against improving the methods used to quantify the adverse costs of alcohol. However, Bhattacharya states that 'comprehensive estimates of the total social cost of alcohol provide an indication of the scale of the problem, but are unlikely to have clear policy implications' [2]. Instead, previous research indicates that articulating the scale of the problem can help to make the case for focusing policymakers' limited attention onto an issue [3–5], but political science perspectives suggest that quantifying total social costs also has a broader impact upon policymaking, as the types of economic costs that are counted help to shape who is involved in policy debates and which policy options are seen as legitimate. The origin of Bhattacharya's contribution illustrates this point. It was prompted by a report from the Institute of Economic Affairs (IEA), a freemarket think-tank. IEA argued that widely used estimates of the societal harm from alcohol are misleading, and the focus should instead be on balancing government expenditure (on alcohol-related health, crime and welfare benefits) against government revenue from alcohol-related taxation [6]. However, the IEA's arguments about the definition of economic costs are not solely a technical matter—rather, they are likely to also be an attempt to downplay the importance of alcohol's adverse societal consequences to reduce the possibility of a bold policy response and limit participation in the policy debate to a narrower range of stakeholders. Thus IEA were, in part, seeking implicitly to define the problem at hand. According to Stone's seminal work, problem definition within policymaking involves ascribing who is to blame for a problem and who is being harmed [7,8]. Mapping out the full range of harms can help those impacted adversely to find shared interests and work together. The case of minimum unit pricing (MUP) for alcohol in the United Kingdom illustrates the importance of problem definition for policymaking. Alongside a favourable policy climate, understanding the scale of the alcohol problem helped to put the topic on the policy agenda [9]. However, the adoption of MUP as a key component of a comprehensive alcohol strategy by the Scottish Government was also partly enabled by a broad set of harms being linked to alcohol and the economic benefits of reducing these being costed by the Sheffield Alcohol Policy Model (SAPM) [10,11]. Describing the economic, health and other social costs associated with alcohol use helped to make these harms visible within policy discussions and led to a broad range of stakeholders linked to each of these domains (including health professionals, police, the third sector and some industry actors) coming together to advocate for effective public health policy [12,13]. Articulating a broad set of harms and their costs also demonstrated to the wider public that a large proportion of the population was impacted and could therefore benefit, making population-based policies more palatable. Had decisions about economic quantification been based instead upon what was most salient to a narrow group of existing end-users, such as those responsible for public spending, as in the IEA's approach, this may have limited the range of stakeholders who engaged in policy debates. Therefore, quantification of the total social costs of alcohol may change perceptions of what the goal of policy should be. Indeed, one of the SAPM's most important influences was helping to recast the debate in broad public health, rather than purely economic, terms. To summarize, decisions about what is counted and what is not are inherently political. They do not just help to set priorities—they also shape policymakers' perceptions about what matters and who should be involved in policy debates.


The calculation model is complicated during the construction control of the concrete cable-stayed bridges since the structure system is varied and many influencing factors are considered.The multi-objective and multi-constraint optimization model is erected in the paper.The value of decision maker's expectation is used in the objective function and the evaluating function is constructed.The optimization model is solved by using aggregate function.Using the traditional method,the dimension is reduced and the evaluating function is formed to reduce the number of objectives.It is solved in the original constraint.The new method is to switch this question to an optimization of single-objective and single-constraint through aggregate function.As a result,the equation numbers are reduced.It is a supplement to the traditional method.Finally,it is applied to a real project.


We generalize the famous theroems of Johnson and Sandomieriski and show that a non singular ring R has a primitive quotient ring if and only if there is a faithful right Gabriel topology F on R and R has a faithful F cocritical right module.


Differences in susceptibility of Padappai and Guntur populations of Helicoverpa armigera Hb. to deltamethrin, cyper-methrin, fenvalerate and chloropyriphos were low. It is suggested that low effectiveness of insecticides in controlling bollworms in Guntur may be because of killing of natural enemies due to over usage of synthetic pyrethroids. In the absence of baseline data on susceptibility of Helicoverpa to insecticides, it may be difficult to attribute the failure of insecticides to control the bollworms due to development of insecticide resistance.


Given any light position S ϵ P2 and any algebraic curve C of P2
(with any kind of singularities), we consider the incident lines coming from S
(i.e. the lines containing S) and their reflected lines after reflection on the mirror
curve C. The caustic by reflection ΣS(C) is the Zariski closure of the envelope of
these reflected lines. We introduce the notion of reflected polar curve and express
the class of ΣS(C) in terms of intersection numbers of C with the reflected polar
curve, thanks to a fundamental lemma established in [16]. This approach enables
us to state an explicit formula for the class of ΣS(C) in every case in terms of
intersection numbers of the initial curve C.


Abstract Graded ethanol precipitation of a wheat bran extract resulted in four fractions of glucuronoarabinoxylans, the physicochemical properties of which were investigated in relation to their structure and molecular weight. Two fractions, consisting of lowly-substituted arabinoxylans, appeared to be very sensitive to aggregation, and gave hardly any viscosity to solutions. Moreover, the viscosity of these arabinoxylans was not affected by addition of salt, nor by changes in temperature. Interaction with other polysaccharides, such as xanthan and κ-carrageenan, based on observations with quite similar lowly-substituted galactomannans, was not observed. Additionally, these arabinoxylans gave no stabilising effects to emulsions. The other two fractions consisted of highly-substituted glucuronoarabinoxylans, which had intrinsic viscosities of approximately 2.5 dL/g in 0.1 M potassium chloride. The viscosities were affected by temperature and addition of salt; the latter observation is in agreement with their polyelectrolyte nature. These polysaccharides appeared to be semi-flexible and not very sensitive to aggregation, although some aggregation was observed upon partial removal of arabinose substituents. Again, no interaction with xanthan and κ-carrageenan was observed for these fractions. However, they were very effective in stabilising emulsions.


Discusses the challenges posed for libraries in higher education by rapid technological changes in an environment of continuing financial constraint, and the management strategies and techniques that can be used to deal with the situation, including costing models, service level agreements, customer focus, staff development, team-based structures, and a participative management style. Draws on documented examples from libraries around the world and personal experience of implementing radical change at Aston University Library and Information Services. Concludes by reviewing current thinking on managing change, identifying positive leadership, a strategic framework, strong culture, proactive communication, and staff development as critical success factors.


Accurately calculating dynamic reserves for single well in a low-permeability gas reservoir has an important guiding significance to high efficiency development of the gas reservoir. During the development of the gas reservoir, dynamic analysis methods were often used to calculate dynamic reserves. Dynamic analysis methods mainly include the material balance method, the gas production method in unit pressure drop, the flexible two-phase method and the production unstable method. Dynamic reserves for four types of gas wells in a low-permeability gas field were calculated using these four methods. Calculation results show that dynamic reserves from big to small are respectively obtained using material balance method, gas production method in unit pressure drop, flexible two-phase method and production unstable method. Calculating dynamic reserves obtained by flexible two-phase method and production unstable method are utilized to production dynamic data of gas well, and those obtained by material balance method and gas production method in unit pressure drop are utilized to the reservoir parameters of different state. Therefore, the values of dynamic reserves obtained using flexible two-phase method and production unstable method in the low-permeability gas reservoir may be more accurate than those obtained using the other methods.


A photonic band-gap structure (a small periodic corrugation at the surface) present in a planar nonlinear waveguide can enhance the nonlinear process of second-subharmonic generation provided that all interactions are phase matched. Compared with a perfectly quasi-phase matched waveguide, better values of squeezing and higher intensities of the output fields are reached under these conditions.


The Kyoto Protocol has set greenhouse gas emission reduction targets for selected countries. To comply with these reduction requirements, decision-makers may use market-based instruments on a national or international basis. This paper advocates the combining of national emission taxes with international trade of emission permits. As a numerical application, this paper analyses macro-economic impacts of such a strategy for Switzerland. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment


The condensation heat transfer processes of ethanol-steam mixtures with different compositions were studied experimentally at atmospheric pressure. The results indicate that the values of heat transfer coefficients and the condensation modes, i.e., filmwise condensation (FWC), transition state condensation and dropwise condensation (DWC), change with the variation of mixture compositions and the degree of surface subcolling. Our previous studies showed that there is an ultra thin film of liquid mixture on the solid heat transfer surface and the condensation takes place on it. In this paper, the interface effect, this was expressed in terms of the surface free energy difference between the condensate and the ultra thin liquid film, was introduced to explain the variation of condensation modes and heat transfer coefficients. The experimental results show that, when the surface free energy difference is gradually increased, the condensation mode changes from FWC to the transition state and finally to DWC, and at the same time, the heat transfer coefficient increases with the change of the condensation mode. It was found that the filmwise condensation will occur when the surface free energy difference is less than (14±1) mJ·m-2,and the dropwise condensation will appear when the surface free energy difference is more than (21±1) mJ·m-2. When the surface free energy difference is in the range of (14±1) mJ·m-2 to (21±1) mJ·m-2, the transition state will occur.


Food safety (prevention of foodborne illness) and food quality (increased shelf-life and improved texture, flavor, and color of food) can be controlled in the food industry by developing and implementing inhouse food safety and quality programs. The programs that are used most often to enhance food safety and quality fall into three categories: Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs), sanitation, and Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) programs. HACCP programs specifically reduce food safety risks, while GMPs and sanitation are "prerequisite" programs to the HACCP approach (Figure 1).


Author's summary.— Details of organization of course of study described in previous article. Accomplishment as shown by records and standard tests. General deductions.


Abstract This paper describes the developn1ent of a procedure for the identification of regions of low flow homogeneity for the operational specification of environmental flows. The objective of the procedure is to assign ungauged catchments to a small number of "indicator" streamflow gauges that can be considered to behave in a similar manner during low flow conditions. The identification of homogeneous regions involved the selection of appropriate candidate variables suited to characterising catchment similarity. The allocation of ungauged catchments to indicator stations was achieved by reducing the selected variables down to two factors using principal component analysis. A classification tree was then formulated to enable regional group membership to be determined. The allocation method provides an objective basis for determining the most appropriate indicator gauging station for an ungauged catchment, and also enables the definition of homogeneous regions to be determined.


The life history parameters, including age, growth, mortality and recruitment of Yellowfin hind, Cephalopholis hemistiktos were studied in monthly collected samples from January to December 2018. Otolith was used for age determination. Mean size by the end of each year of life was estimated and showed that, the highest annual increment was identified at the end of the first year of life then gradually decreased with increase of fish age. The estimated von Bertalanffy growth parameters were L ∞ =43.51 cm, K =0.26 per year, t 0 =-0.74 year. Asymptotic weight W ∞ was estimated as 1375.23 g. The length-weight relationship was W =0.0126 L 3.0746 with R 2 =0.94 for both sexes. The instantaneous rates of total mortality and natural mortality were estimated as 0.77 and 0.49 per year, respectively. The gonado-somatic index showed increasing from April to August with a peak in June for both sexes. Size at first capture (L c ) was estimated as 24.30 cm, which was smaller than the mean size at first sexual maturity 25.31 cm. The value of fishing mortality (F=0.28y -1 ) was slightly higher than the optimum (F opt =0.25y -1 ) and smaller than the limit (F limit =0.33y -1 ) biological reference point, indicating that species was exploited within sustainable limit. Estimated parameters and the relative yield-per-recruit analysis showed that this species is not over-exploited.


Abstract Jue Hou's study of interactions between computer engineers and Chinese script reformers in the 1970s enriches growing STS and China studies interest in Chinese engineering. It can also make a distinctive sinological contribution to contemporary efforts to develop the field of comparative philology.


This article deals with one of the most severe and prognostically adverse acute abdominal diseases — acute pancreatitis. The data of the study on clinical efficacy and the role of perfusion solutions in the comprehensive surgical treatment of patients with acute pancreatitis at the early stage of therapy. The findings made it possible to conclude that the inclusion of perfusion solutions of hydroxiethyl starch in the correction scheme in hypovolemic disorders contributes to stabilization of patients' condition, has a microcirculatory effect and provides early recovery of peristalsis.


Abstract : No matter what method is employed in the programming of a transducer array, in practice the performance predicted by the model will not be achieved due to error in construction and operation of the array. Furthermore, the degree to which a given amount of error degrades an array design (i.e., design sensitivity) will differ greatly from one design to the next. A measure of sensitivity is proposed, based on the maximum impact which a given amount of error can produce on a particular design. The adoption of this measure allows the sensitivity problem to be solved through the use of mathematical programming techniques. The best of these techniques for the general array design case is shown to be Nonlinear Goal Programming. The sensitivity values for five planar symmetric array designs are determined and compared.


The article deals with some issues of the military records in the Russian Federation, for example, a procedure of military records and its types, rights and duties of persons being subject to conscription and controversial issues of the legal regulation of the conscription.


This paper designed an equipment of protecting camera for underwater photogrammetry.This equipment could be applicable when the mearured object and the camera are all in the shallow water.The equipment components and the processes of installation were described,along with a brief introduction of character and the operation notice in the test.In the underwater photogrammetry measurement test of one antenna using this equipment,the measurement accuracy of underwater photogrammetry was consistent with that of air photogrammetry.


This paper presents the architecture and model of a modular exponentiation hardware for RSA public key cryptography algorithm with a SPI slave interface for on-board peripheral communication. A radix 2 Montgomery modular multiplication hardware based on a systolic implementation was designed. A kogge-stone adder is used to reduce the critical path and improve throughput. Cadence© Encounter RTL Compiler was used to synthesize the RTL code described in Verilog HDL. The coprocessor was implemented with standard cells library from 0.18μm CMOS IBM 7RF technology. The SPI maximum SPI transfer rate is 100 Mb/s. This implementation runs 1024 bit RSA encryption and decryption process in 8.44ms and the throughput of this implementation is 121.269Kbps.


The article summarizes the experience of implementing the basic principles of scientific management and functions in the management of scientific and innovation activities of the university. The author believes that the implementation of these principles and approaches contributes to the effectiveness of university management and provides economic benefits of scientific and educational space of the university.


The interest in and need for monitoring and reporting on arterial congestion has been growing as part of both traffic management and driver information system efforts. State and local agencies use different detection equipment such as inductance loop detectors and closed-circuit television (CCTV) to monitor arterial surveillance. In the Puget Sound area, the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) has considered using CCTV cameras to provide arterial traffic condition information, and several local agencies have installed CCTVs to monitor arterial performance and provide images of arterial traffic conditions to the public. However, there is no clear understanding about what type of data is useful to travelers and how to present arterial traffic conditions to better serve public information needs. Therefore, there is a need to investigate the options for depicting arterial traffic flow conditions from the average traveler's perspective


In order to study the effect of coating deposition on cermets and cemented carbides properties, Ti(C,N)-based cermets and YT15 cemented carbides were prepared by powder metallurgy technique, and then coated by CVD and PVD. The microstructure and elemental contents of the coatings were analyzed by SEM and EDS. The scratches, friction coefficient and cutting performance of the coatings were tested. The results show that the CVD coatings and PVD coatings are well bonded by the combined CVD+PVD technologies. For both the cermets or cemented carbides substrate, both the adhesion force and friction coefficient are the highest for the CVD coatings, while lowest for the PVD coatings, and moderate for the combined CVD+PVD coatings. As to the substrate cermets and cemented carbides, the cutting performance is the best for the combined CVD+PVD coatings, while is worst for the CVD coatings, and moderate for the PVD coatings. The wear mechanism during cutting is mainly oxidative and abrasive wear.


This paper presents polynomially bounded algorithms for finding a cycle through any two prescribed arcs in a semicomplete digraph and for finding a cycle through any two prescribed vertices in a complete k-partite oriented graph. It is also shown that the problem of finding a maximum transitive subtournament of a tournament and the problem of finding a cycle through a prescribed arc set in a tournament are both NP-complete.


The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the application of phosphogypsum and vinasse on soil chemical properties and productivity and nutritional characteristics of alfalfa (Medicago sativa). The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, using a 3×5 factorial arrangement, with three vinasse rates (0, 150 and 300 m ha) and five phosphogypsum rates (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 Mg ha). The alfalfa chemical composition and shoot dry matter (SDW) and soil chemical properties (in the layers 0.0-0.2 and 0.21-0.4 m) were evaluated. The vinasse rates increased the soil potassium contents, while the phosphogypsum rates promoted linear increases in soil calcium and sulfur contents. The base saturation was increased and the magnesium content showed a quadratic response on the layer 0.21-0.4 m with the increase in phosphogypsum rates. The calcium, magnesium and phosphorus contents in the alfalfa leaves were lower with vinasse application. The phosphogypsum rates promoted linear increases in alfalfa SDW. Vinasse rated 150 m ha was been enough to SDW increase. Calcium and magnesium contents in the leaves fitted a quadratic model, with maximum calcium content in the phosphogypsum rate of 9.5 Mg ha and the minimum magnesium content in the phosphogypsum rate of 8.7 Mg ha. The leaf sulfur contents in all vinasse rates and leaf potassium contents in the highest vinasse rate showed maximum accumulation at near 9 Mg ha of phosphogypsum.


A technique for suppressing spurious modes is presented with experimental and analysis results. It is simple and very effective in rejecting spurious modes for performance enhancement of hybrid planar/NRD-guide integrated circuits. As a practical example, a millimetre–wave planar/NRD-guide filter is designed to evaluate features of the proposed technique, which yields good results. It is found through preliminary analysis and experiments that the rejection of all spurious modes (including TE and LSE modes) can be better than −35 dB for a single microstrip-to-NRD-guide transition over the broadband frequency range of interest, and performance can be further enhanced using optimised design procedures. This new technique provides an alternative solution to the inherent problem of spurious modes occurring (especially TE modes) in the standard NRD-guide circuit design.


Non-contact optical method is used for vibration measurement. Information about changes in distance between the vibration target and the probe is expressed as changes in the intensity oflight back scattered by the target. The combination of Fotonic Vibrometer and the measuring instrument "Graphmeter" made by Fluke enables easy measurement of vibration parameters.


An automatic fault diagnosis device based on FPGA was designed. The FPGA provides multiple command signals,including two-way synchronization clock signals; and the multiple command signals in the tested device can be encoded into serial data for output; the auto-diagnosis devices can translate the received serial data into asynchronous signals in synchronous clock and send them to PC for the device diagnosis. The on-the-spot measurement shows that this device can automatically provide both excitation signals and diagnostic result and can improve the efficiency of the test.


This monitoring system through plants, named biological monitoring, can replace or complement the instrumental one, being much less expensive especially when big areas are monitored. The advantage of bio-monitoring system compared with instrumental one, comes from the fact that can provide information's about the variations in time, the accumulation and the interaction of some abiotic factors and the response of the living organisms at the individual or group levels, to the changes in the environment [2].


The approach that the teaching of journalism and media studies has taken at Rhodes University since the 1980s needs to be seen as a response to the socio-political system of apartheid which dominated the political landscape in South Africa from 1948 until the first democratically held elections in 1994. Established in 1971 as a Department of Journalism in a largely liberal arts university, its curriculum was rooted in functionalism and a focus on teaching ''practical skills'', influenced by an American model of journalism education with American guest lecturers regularly hosted on the programme. Despite this, by the late 1970s the Department had a reputation on campus for housing radical staff and students opposed to apartheid. As political opposition to apartheid sharpened in the 1980s, the pedagogic focus of the department assumed an overtly political character necessitating the theorizing of media practice from a left perspective, which has continued to the present. Following the first democratically held elections in South Africa in 1994, the tension between a need to support and critique this nascent democracy has underpinned much of our theoretical and production work.


Nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of rotational and translational molecular dynamics are applied to characterize the nanoscale dynamic heterogeneity of a physically cross-linked solvent-polymer system above and below the glass transition temperature. Measured rotational dynamics identify domains associated with regions of solidlike and liquidlike dynamics. Translational dynamics provide quantitative length and timescales of nanoscale heterogeneity due to polymer network cross-link density. Mean squared displacement measurements of the solvent provide microrheological characterization of the system and indicate glasslike caging dynamics both above and below the glass transition temperature.


From analysis of the reverse engineering principles,characteristics and applied methods,combined with the demand characteristics in the field of industrial design preliminary product model design concepts,the paper proposed reverse equipment fit for industrial design and the problems to be noticed in the point cloud scan data.Summarized the reverse engineering role in industrial design,taking the car case as an example,the paper illustrated the applied process of reverse engineering in industrial design and thus can accelerate the product development speed and quality.[Ch,7 fig.9 ref.]


In accordance with that HIS is slow in reactivity and poor in reliability and security,the paper points out that the HIS based on the post-relation database(Cach)is perfect.The paper also introduces some technical specialty about Cach.


Background : Elderly are at disproportionate risk of psychiatric morbidity and mortality due to novel corona virus (COVID -19) pandemic.
Objective : To find out the incidence of different psychiatric morbidities in elderly population.
Method : Retrospective file review in general psychiatry clinic at Indore which included all new patients of 60 years and above. Diagnosis was noted as per ICD 10 criteria.
Results: Majority of the patients were Males. 65% belonged to 60-69 years age group. Almost 50% were from districts other than Indore. 60% were suffering from Depression & Neurotic stress related disorders followed by Schizophrenia (20%). Among physical co morbidities Cardio vascular disorders were commonest.
Conclusion: The data will help in focussing on awareness and measures needed for high risk elderly population.


The EACL 2009 Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation (WMT09) took place on March 30 and 31 in Athens, Greece, immediately preceding the 12th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (EACL), which was organized by the Greek National Centre for Scientific Research, with support from Athens University of Economics and Business -- Department of Informatics, and the Institute for Language and Speech Processing.

This is the fifth time this workshop has been held. The first time was in 2005 as part of the ACL 2005 Workshop on Building and Using Parallel Texts. In the following years, the Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation was held at HLT-NAACL 2006 in New York City, US, at ACL 2007 in Prague, Czech Republic, and at ACL 2008 in Columbus, Ohio, US.

The focus of our workshop was to evaluate the state of the art in machine translation (MT) for a variety of languages. Recent experimentation has shown that the performance of machine translation systems varies greatly with the source language. In this workshop, we encouraged researchers to investigate ways to improve the performance of MT systems for diverse languages.

Prior to the workshop, in addition to soliciting relevant papers for review and possible presentation, we conducted a shared task that brought together machine translation systems for an evaluation on previously unseen data. The shared task also included a track for evaluation metrics and system combination methods.

The results of the shared task were announced at the workshop, and these proceedings also include an overview paper for the shared task that summarizes the results, as well as provides information about the data used and any procedures that were followed in conducting or scoring the task. In addition, there are short papers from each participating team that describe their underlying system in some detail.

Like in previous years, we have received a far larger number of submission than we could accept for presentation. This year we received 21 full paper submissions. 12 full papers were selected for oral presentation.

We received 3 short paper submissions for the evaluation task, 5 short paper submissions for the system combination task, and 20 short paper submissions for the translation task. Due to the large number of high quality submission for the full paper track, shared task submissions were presented as posters. The poster session gave participants of the shared task the opportunity to present their approaches.

The invited talk was given by Martin Kay (Stanford University and Saarland University).


The particle physics experiments at CERNLHC are aiming to collect data at high luminosity to exploit the full physics potential and improve the statistical accuracy of the measurements [1]. However, it will also impose more stringent requirements on the performance of the data acquisition systems as well as on their radiation tolerant characteristics. In particular, the data transmission links will have to be upgraded to wider bandwidths in order to cope with the larger amounts of physics data being produced by the detectors. So a joint effort is made by the CERN team to build radiation tolerant high speed data communication architecture [2]. A Gigabit Transceiver (GBT) architecture was developed under this perspective. The GBT is a radiation tolerant chip that can be used to implement multipurpose 4.8 Gbps bidirectional optical links in hostile radiation environment for particle physics experiments as shown in fig 1.


The use of teacher education hybrid courses has become a growing and more visible phenomenon in the field of special education. This article describes a hybrid course development process that utilizes a seven-stage learning cycle model for course structure and design as a way to support the translation of evidence-based practices to the classroom and larger school community context. A case example is described where two cohorts of graduate special education students completed a hybrid course developed around this seven-stage model. This case presents a positive student perspective of the hybrid course structure and supports a reflection of application to practice.


MAX phases are a promising family of materials for several demanding, high-temperature applications and severe conditions. Their combination of metallic and ceramic properties makes MAX phases great candidates to be applied in energy production processes, such as high temperature heat exchangers for catalytic devices. For their successful application, however, the effect of the processing method on properties such as wear and mechanical behavior needs to be further established. In this work, the mechanical and wear properties of self-synthesized Ti3SiC2 and Cr2AlC MAX phase powders consolidated by different powder metallurgy routes are evaluated. Uniaxial pressing and sintering, cold isostatic pressing and sintering and hot pressing were explored as processing routes, and samples were characterized by analyzing microstructure, phase constitution and porosity. Wear behavior was studied by reciprocating-sliding tests, evaluating the wear rate by the loss of material and the wear mechanism.


This paper is built on practical power quality measurements of several relatively large rooftop photovoltaic systems (PVs) across the state of Western Australia. The considered PVs are three-phase 30 - 200 kWp systems, installed on the roof of industrial and commercial customers. This study has aimed to provide a statistical analysis of some of these power quality parameters, highlighting the impact of switching on the PV systems. Also, the study reports the percentage of the sites in which the desired limits set by the local utility have not been met in the case of these parameters.


The cantillation signs of the Jewish Torah trope are of particular interest to chant scholars interested in the gradual transformation of oral music performance into notation. Each sign, placed above or below the text, acts as a "melodic idea" which either connects or divides words in order to clarify the syntax, punctuation and, in some cases, meaning of the text. Unlike standard music notation, the interpretations of each sign are flexible and influenced by regional traditions, practices of given Jewish communities, larger musical influences beyond Jewish communities, and improvisatory elements incorporated by a given reader. In this paper we describe our collaborative work in developing and using computational tools to assess the stability of melodic formulas of cantillation signs based on two different performance traditions. We also show that a musically motivated alignment algorithm obtains better results than the more commonly used dynamic time warping method for calculating similarity between pitch contours. Using a participatory design process our team, which includes a domain expert, has developed an interactive web-based interface that enables researches to explore aurally and visually chant recordings and explore the relations between signs, gestures and musical representations.


Several perhalogenated alkanesulfonyl halides, R f SO 2 X (R f =CF 3 CF 2 , CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 , ClCF 2 CFClCF 2 CF 2 , CF 3 -CCl 2 , CFCl 2 ; X=Cl, F) and 1,6-bis(halosulfonyl)perfluorohexanes, XO 2 S(CF 2 ) 6 SO 2 X (X=Cl, F), have beenprepared via the sodium sulfanates obtained from dehalogenosulfination reactions of the respective alkyl Selected sulfonyl fluorides were further converted to the amides R x SO 2 NH 2 and imides (RedO 2 ) 2 NH


Infrared dual-band imaging system,with its all-weather environmental adaptation capability,anti-jamming capability,and dual-band information complementing features,had been used widely in science and technology and military fields. In this paper,the structure of infrared optical system and properties of infrared materials were analyzed;An infrared dual-band waveband telephoto lens was designed by applying optical design software ZEMAX,that focal length was 200 mm;F# is 3;2ω=7.04°. In the course of design,the image quality was greatly improved through the use of one aspherical surface by using the aberration balance theory. At cut-off frequency of 17lp/mm,the MTF curve of infrared long-wave is greater than 0.3 for every field and the MTF curve of infrared medium-wave is greater than 0.5for every field. And the systems was compact;cost-effective;and meet the design requirements.


House sparrow, well-known for its occurrence within the human surroundings was enlisted in IUCN Red Data List as least concern. The disappearance of this species was reported widely in India. Ornithologist Survey conducted by Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) reported that the sparrow population in Andhra Pradesh alone has dropped by 80% and in other states like Kerala, Gujarat and Rajasthan it has dipped by 20%, while the decline in coastal areas was as sharp as 70% to 80%. In order to assess the presence of this species in Madurai District, this study was designed and was conducted in a total of 168 places in which the sparrows were found in 109 places by line transect method. Interestingly the study revealed that there was 80% of occurrence of sparrow population found in urban and semi urban areas whereas 62% of occurrence in rural areas. This study revealed that house sparrows are not disappeared but still existing in Madurai District. Nesting sites was also recorded using Nikon p900 camera and it was found moderately in urban and semi urban areas. This may be due to the availability of nesting sites and food materials in such habitats. Fascinatingly in some rural areas the sparrows were not found. Hence it was concluded that there is some preference in the selection of habitat by the house sparrows.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy,adverse effects and prognosis factors of patients with cervical cancer treated by external radiotherapy combined with brachytherapy.Methods 72 patients with newly diagnosed cervical cancer were treated by radiotherapy which included external radiotherapy of 4 000~5 000 cGy,3~4 fractions each weeks in 180~200 cGy per fraction,to the whole pelvic cavity by 6 MV X-rays followed by alternative brachytherapy of 3 000~4 000 cGy to the uterine cavity and 3 000~4 500 cGy to the vaginal cavity in 1~2 times each week,and 300~700 cGy each time.Results The immediate effective rate was 98.6%,and the 5 year overall survival rate was 54.1%.The 5 year survival rate of stage Ⅱ and stage Ⅲ were 75.0% and 41.4%,respectively.Tumor size was the most important factor to influence the immediate efficacy.Clinical stage,tumor size,pathologic type and immediate effects can influence the prognosis of cervical cancer.The adverse reactions included radiation induced rectitis,radiation induced cystitis,and hematological toxicities.Conclusion The external radiotherapy combined with brachytherapy can improve local control rate,but can not effectively control tumor metastasis of patients with cervical cancer.


One of the most important global concerns is the sustainability of rain-fed farming systems in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The problem is currently exacerbated by weather uncertainties of sporadic rainfall and prolonged periods of excessively high temperatures. Long-term history of deep inversion plowing and continuous maizebean cropping (often two times in a year) is the main cause of soil degradation and poor soil nutrient status.


The organic electroluminescence (OEL) is a hot spot of current research topics in the world. The rare earth complexes as OEL materials possess unique significance because of the high colour purity of their luminescence.In this paper,the luminescence mechanism of the rare earth complexes as OEL materials was introduced.Thee effect of structure (including ligands,second ligands and central ions) of the rare earth complexes as OEL materials on the luminescent properties and the relation between the electroluminescent performance and the photoluminescent performance of the materials were discussed.


The growth in captivity of a wild Welsh strain (Llyn Cowlyd) of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus was compared to that of a commercial Scottish strain over the course of a 12 month experiment. At the conclusion of the study, the Welsh strain had a lower mass and condition factor than the commercial fish, but a similar length. Aspects of the growth and population structure of the Welsh strain imply that it could be a subject for aquaculture development, but such practises will be dependant on further work on selection and broodstock development.


Rachel Louise Moran was the 2010 recipient of the College of Human Ecology Fellowship in the History of Home Economics.She is currently the Crawford Fellow in Ethical Inquiry at the Pennsylvania State University, where she is finishing her dual PhD in History and Women's Studies.


For anyone who has a genuine interest in improving patient care-and for anyone who has read Robert Francis' report on the long-term failings at Mid Staffs-comments like this, which I heard yesterday from a friend, should send shivers down the spine. The long-anticipated 'funding gap' in the NHS has arrived-whether through the slow strangulation of the private finance initiative PFI or simple budgetary tightening. Spending plans are making no sense to thepeople treating patients. And the good people are leaving.


Objective To learn the training requirement of administrative staff in a hospital,and provide evidence for setting up standardized training system and for improving the management ability of a hospital.Method Training requirement,present situation of management system in the hospital and individual position competency were all investigated using questionnaires among the administrative staff in the hospital.Training requirement of the organization,position and individual were analyzed according to the result of the former investigation.Result Administrative staff of the hospital had strong willing to attend training courses.But the staff in different positions had diverse requirements in training items,training duration and training modes.Conclusion Administrative staffs are eager to attend training courses.Establishing a set of efficient and sustainable training mechanism is a fundamental project for building a high-quality management team in a hospital.


The existence of various industries such as energy, propulsion, construction, machinery, military and power plants have led Iran to become one of the major users of weld science and technology and other joining methods in the Middle East. The economic significance of welding is to a degree that more than 50% of the gross industrial product of the various countries and 42% of the Iran economy are said to be related to welding. The quality of the inspection services will be effective in increase the safety of the structures and reduce the impact of disasters and costs. The goal of this study is to identify the effective components in the quality of the welding inspection and ultimately provide the possibility of improving the performance of welding inspection companies in the country. This study is carried out as a descriptive and sectional study from employers of a technical inspection company using a 25-items questionnaire with standardized 5-point Likert scale and adjusted SERVQUAL in six dimensions of competence, reliability, accountability, service guarantee, security / secrecy and independence/ Impartiality. Data analysis was done by t-paired test using SPSS software. Based on the quality of the welding inspection services, the security / secrecy dimension has the highest gap and independence has the lowest gap and competence dimension has the highest quality. According to the importance –performance analysis, the dimensions of responsiveness power and guarantee of the evaluated services of company are located in the first area of importance-performance matrix. The results can be effective in assessing the competitive position of the organization and identifying opportunities for improving the inspection companies.


The main challenge for multiservice networks building is the opportunity of integrating different types of services within a heterogeneous network and ensuring the required quality of service. Fundamental factor which will influence on the achievement of this goal is the quality of management system of multiservice network. Proposed network management system and management algorithm of user requests in multiservice network allows solving this problem.


Marine fish processing industries located in the urban region involves fish processing activities that generate a considerable amount of leftover biological residues such as solid wastes and protein-rich effluents, which are ineffectively discarded in water bodies and landfills affecting the coastal environment. The present study involves the biological treatment of industrial fish processing wastes through the co-composting method to convert the fish wastes into organic input. Fish wastes were mixed with rice husk as a bulking agent and allowed for organic matter stabilization through the co-composting process. The maturity of the co-compost was evaluated by spectroscopic techniques, nutrient analysis, and seed germination assay. UV-vis spectroscopic analysis revealed the presence of absorbance between 250 and 300 nm indicating the characteristics of increased concentration of aromatic compounds. The humification index (E4/E6) was calculated to be 1.2, which signified the characteristics of humified materials. Conventional fluorescence spectroscopic analysis detected emission spectra centered at 448 nm due to the development of aromatic structures as a result of increasing the humification process in the co-compost. The well-composted organic matter was found to contain macronutrients (N-1.35%; P-1.02%; K-0.51%) and micronutrients (Zn-74.07 mg/kg; Cu-16.37 mg/kg; Fe-176.07 mg/kg) respectively. Further, seed germination sassay showed growth promotion effects of the co-compost in seeds of Vigna radiata; Vigna mungo and Trigonella foenum-graecum, which confirmed the stability of the organic matter. The findings of the study conclude that the co-composting process of fish industrial processing wastes using rice husk could offer effective conversion of fish waste into organic co-compost for soil application.


The conventional method for neutron-photon coupling transport calculation lacks of clear physical meanings, where the process of neutron transport and photon transport are independent, and only ensures the numbers of photons to be coupling with the neutrons. At the same time, when dealing with photoelectric effect, the nuclear data will be processed frequently, increasing the amount of calculation. By modifying the RMC codes, the deep-coupling and preprocessed photon transport is achieved. This new coupling method can satisfy the physical requirements and reduce the computational complexity while ensuring the accuracy of the calculation. At the same time, the preprocessing of the photoelectric effect nuclear data can accelerate the calculation without changing the calculation results. Through the deep-coupling and preprocessed photon transport method, the RMC codes can finished the high-precision shielding calculation. A typical LWR component is calculated with the new method, and the results prove the effectiveness.


Objective: To observe the curative effect of Clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate combined with Low molecular heparin in treating progressive cerebral arterial thrombosis. Methods: We selected 135 cases of progressive cerebral arterial thrombosis happened from 12 hours to 48 hours, and distributed into 3 groups randomly. We used Low molecular heparin 、 Clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate、Clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate combined with Low molecular heparin separately to treate it. Results: After one course of treatment, total effective rate of Low molecular heparin and Clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate com bined with Low molecular heparin were 82.2% and 93.3% separately, much higher than total effective rate of Clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate (73.3%). The change of the blood hemorrheology before and after treatment was determined. In the group of treating with Clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate combined with Low molecular heparin we had the higher total effective rate and much evident change of the blood hemorrheology than the other groups, and the adverse effect hemorrhagic tendency didn't found. Conclusion: Low molecular heparin has effective therapy on progressive cerebral arterial thrombosis, while Clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate combined with Low molecular heparin has the synergistic effect, and the clinic therapeutic ef fect is identify and safety.


Purpose – The present study is a "first look" at sales superstitions with the purpose of establishing its prevalence among professional salespeople and examining the subsequent effects on sales person expected confidence, motivation, sales call behavioral intentions, and anticipated performance outcomes. Design/methodology/approach – Data was collected from 234 industrial (business to business) salespeople. SmartPLS path modeling was used to test a model consisting of three antecedents and three outcomes of salesperson superstitious behavior intensity. Findings – The findings reveal that salespeople are more likely to behave superstitiously when they believe in personal good luck and experience higher levels of role ambiguity. For these salespeople, outcomes such as expected increase in confidence and motivation, positive sales behavioral intentions, and performance outcomes were anticipated as a result of their superstitions. Research limitations/implications – Social cognitive theory is used as an organ...


By the use of accurate temperature acquisition instrument,the hot and cold side temperature curves of polymethyl methacrylate material and their difference are recorded.Thermal conductivity and specific heat were calculated based on the quasi-steady state method.The numerical method was used in the correction of the experiment data.The corrected data were in the recommended range of relevant references.


The publication contains the research of heat losses decreasing possibilities through buildings windows. Several solutions are found. One solution is to place two windows in one window opening by three- glass packages each with a certain distance to create the air camera. That air camera as an insulator decreases heat losses through windows, decreases cold bridges, and in sunny days it will be heated up due to the greenhouse effect, saving the heat for a longer time and supply it to rooms. The second solution is to stick addition glasses to the window frame from both sides to create additional air gaps increasing the thickness of the window pane that way decreasing heat loses through windows by increasing the thermal resistance of the window.


The porcine in vitro embryo production is noteworthy due to the support given by the culture techniques to cloning and transgenic biotechnologies that increasingly gain importance in the biomedical field. However, in vitro embryo production of porcine exhibit barrier linked with high rates of polyspermy and because of the damage that reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause in oocytes and embryos. Thus, this study aimed the production of recombinant oviduct specific protein (pOSP) for the use in maturation medium of in vitro porcine oocytes. We evaluated the effect of pOSP (10 µg/mL) in the last four hours of in vitro maturation on the concentration of ROS in porcine oocytes. For this, ovaries from slaughterhouse were aspirated to obtain oocytes grade I and II. Subsequently, these oocytes were placed to mature in the medium North Carolina State University 23 (NCSU 23) supplemented with 10% porcine follicular fluid (v:v), 10 mg/mL EGF (sigma), 10 IU/ml of hCG (Vetecor®, Hertape Calier, Brasil), 10 IU/mL eCG (Folligon®, MSD Saude Animal, Brasil) and 0.1 mg/mL of cysteine (sigma) in the first 22 hours. In the following 22 hours, the oocytes were placed in medium NCSU 23 without hormone supplementation. Four repetitions were performed, with 80 oocytes observed and distributed into two groups. For the production of the oviduct specific protein was obtained a plasmid, company Gen Script®. This plasmid was inserted into competent E. coli cells, then the oviduct specific protein was obtained, making use therefore of transgenic techniques, induction of expression, purification and determination of protein levels. The evaluation of ROS was made by staining with dichlorohydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) and then the data were analyzed by ANOVA and means compared by Duncan test with 5% significance. To evaluate the pOSP production, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was performed and the dosage was obtained by the Bradford method. Regarding ROS dosage, there were differences between the control group and the group treated with the addition of the recombinant protein (26.4 ± 10.9 x 16.6 ± 10.5 %; P <0.05), whereas the treated group showed satisfactory results in reducing reactive oxygen species in porcine oocytes. In conclusion, the technique for the production of recombinant pOSP was satisfactory and this was effective in reducing the amount of ROS, allowing the pOSP to be considered a proteic antioxidant.


Surface waves (SWs) may propagate in a material coating made up of homogeneous layers. They affect antenna performances or the far-field scattered from an object. Also, they must be accounted for in various numerical methods, such as impedance boundary conditions (IBCs), or transmission conditions used in a domain decomposition method. This work is focused on the control of the far-field radiated by SWs from a 3-D object. First, the standard problem of an infinite planar coating backed by an IBC is considered, the waves outside the coating satisfying the boundary condition at infinity. It is well known that the SWs wavenumbers are solutions of a transcendental equation that is obtained here via a very simple numerical method. Analytical results are presented for a lossless monolayer, some of which being, as far as we know, original. Then, from the known properties of the radiation operator, it is shown how these results can be used to control the far-field radiated by SWs on 3-D objects. Numerical experiments performed on a coated sphere and a cone–sphere demonstrate the pertinence of this analysis, even when small losses are present.


Using finite element analysis software, the more active loading forming process of the triple valve body was simulated. By comparing the time-speed chart, the equivalent strain chart, the curves of doing work and extrsion force among the three different forming ways including the more active loading and multi-step loading and multi-order loading, the best technology program is found, that's the multi-step loading, which has the smooth curve of extrusion force, smaller die injury and no metal folding. The metal flow rule is discussed by velocity vector chart during multi-step loading.


Large-scale learning assessments feature prominently in the indicator framework associated with the SDG 4 agenda as key data sources to monitor progress on this area, particularly given measurement challenges relative to comparability and data availability. While the assessment of student learning has been a practice on the rise since the mid-1990s (Benavot & Tanner, 2007; Heyneman & Lee, 2016; Kamens & Benavot, 2011; Pizmony-Levy, 2013), the adoption of the SDG 4/Education 2030 agenda represents a milestone in the consolidation of such a trend. Both the global and the thematic indicator frameworks established for the monitoring of Education 2030 are unambiguous on the need for countries to adopt or participate in some form of learning assessment so that student achievement can be reported on an internationally comparable scale. Up to five targets in SDG 4 include one or more learning-related indicator, and five out of 11 global indicators require reporting on student learning, skills, or knowledge. These measurement needs turn the adoption and use of largescale assessments (LSAs) into an essential condition for tracing and tracking progress in the new education goals. The magnitude of the changes and the new dynamics brought about by the SDG 4/Education 2030 agenda lend themselves to a productive enquiry on the relationship between the different organisations involved in the promotion, administration, or use of LSA. The shift entailed by the new education agenda is not only likely to have a direct and positive impact on the centrality and legitimacy of assessment. More importantly, this push is likely to penetrate the agendas of these organisations and to affect the interrelationships among the different actors with a role in LSA. So far, the relationships among these organisations have received limited attention. Particularly when it comes to developing countries, the links between international large-scale assessments (ILSAs) and national large-scale assessments (NLSAs) have rarely been explored in depth. To some extent, this


Grace Moore, Dickens and Empire: Discourses of Class, Race and Colonialism in the Works of Charles Dickens (The Nineteenth Century Series) (Hampshire, England: Ashgate Publishing, 2004), 210 pp. + xii, $89.95, cloth. Among major Victorian writers we think more readily of Thackeray and Kipling than of Dickens in connection with the British Empire, or as reflecting on British colonialism or on its control of huge areas of the world. Dickens did not consider the Empire in any general sense. He said nothing directly about it as a source of wealth, problematic or not, and writes only once (I believe) of Britain's holding a country by force. (Pilgrim Letters, v11, 267) In his letters he mentioned the Empire as such just three times in all. The colonies to be sure had their uses. He was interested for example in emigration. Two of his sons went to Australia, two more to India, and one of the latter went on to Canada. He and Mrs. Coutts set up Urania Cottage with the express purpose of sending the residents abroad, mostly to Australia. They did so responsibly, looking into such things as the demand for British labor there. In his fiction Dickens moves characters to and from the colonies. But as for pondering the vast range of Empire, from New Zealand to India, Canada, tropical and southern Africa, and, yes, Ireland, Dickens does not do so, and does not pay attention unless colonial rule is threatened by uprisings and riots. Where then is Ms. Moore's subject? It emerges from the confluence of these uprisings and riots with Dickens' views of British government, with his concern for the poor and downtrodden, and his deep fears of mob violence. Two of these elements change as their contexts change. The latter two are comparatively fixed and unchanging and may be considered first. Dickens's passionate concern for the English masses, for their being kept in poverty and virtual slavery, resonates in and is deepened by what he learns of English colonial practice among the subject peoples. But once those peoples rise in retaliative fury, Dickens draws back however much he agrees with the need for reform. For him, as for almost all his middle- and upper-class contemporaries, class and racial violence stirred conservative fears. The French Revolution and its echoes through Europe and at home were never far from the national imagination. Established England countenanced no tendency toward violence anywhere, even to aid the poor and the underclasses. If vigorous repressive measures needed to be resorted to, so be it. During Dickens' lifetime such violence and repression focused British attention on three widely separated colonies: India, Jamaica, and Ireland. Seen from the heights of time and generalization, a pattern of common elements can be made out. In each country a long misused class or race of people burst out in retaliative fury, India most notably at Cawnpore in 1847, Jamaica in 1865, Ireland, also most notably, in 1867. In the first two cases private corporations, the East India Company and the agricultural interests of Jamaica, were protected by standing British garrisons with more to be called upon to restore order and the status quo. Irish violence, closest to home, spilled over into England with the attack on Clerkenwell prison. Home forces and the legal system reacted rapidly, suppressing it and punishing its leaders, not always with punctilious care. Having chosen to write a book on this topic, Grace Moore has another problem. Neither Dickens nor the British at large gave the risings anything like equal attention. To bring them together early on, she sets out an extended theoretical argument on the formation of national identity and creation of the "Racial Other." She argues from them that British assumptions toward themselves as rulers and toward the colonies as ruled fall into recognizable patterns. Thereafter fully ninety percent of the book is given over to British relations with India and roughly five percent each to Jamaica and Ireland. …


Abstract:
 The Hawaiian Euphorbia is an assemblage of 17 species, seven of which are endangered and four others rare. Euphorbia kuwaleana is an endangered species of small shrubs restricted to three small populations in West O'ahu, Hawai'i. The species has declined to fewer than 1,000 individuals largely due to habitat encroachment by alien plant species and the periodic fires that occur in the vicinity. Genetic variation was assessed among individuals in two populations to determine what impact small population size has had on genetic diversity within the species using RAPD markers. Results demonstrate that polymorphism within these populations is high (mean = 82.5%), equal to or exceeding that of many other nonendangered Hawaiian species. Genetic similarities within (0.741) and among (0.716) populations, FST (0.072), and PCO analysis all indicate differentiation among the populations although in close geographical proximity (<1 km apart). Conservation efforts for this species should focus on protection of existing populations from eminent threats and the establishment of new populations in suitable habitats on O'ahu.