Objective: To examine the association between frequency of religious service attendance and an index of cumulative physiological dysregulation as measured by allostatic load (AL) (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, waist/hip ratio, high-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol, glycosylated hemoglobin, cortisol, serum dihydroepiandrosterone sulfate, norepinephrine, and epinephrine).There is growing empirical evidence of a positive relationship between religious engagement and better clinical health outcomes. However, studies exploring the subclinical levels of physiological dysregulation are rare; hence, the physiological processes underpinning the religion-health relationship are not well understood. Methods: In 1988, 853 participants from the MacArthur Successful Aging Study provided information on the frequency of religious service attendance as well as blood and urine samples needed to obtain measures for a ten-item cumulative AL index. Gender-stratified multivariate linear regression models were used to estimate the direction and magnitude of the association between weekly religious service attendance and AL. Results: At least weekly religious service attendance was associated with lower AL levels among women (b = −0.47; p < .01), but not among men (b = 0.02; p = .88) in models that statistically controlled for age, income, education, marital status, and level of physical functioning. This relationship could not be attributed to the association between religious attendance and any one or two of the components of the AL index. It also was not explained by either higher physical functioning or social integration. Conclusion: Cumulative physiological dysregulation may be one mechanism through which religious engagement may influence a diverse range of clinically relevant health outcomes. IL-6 = interleukin-6; HPA = hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal; EPESE = epidemiologic studies of the elderly; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; DHEA-S = dihydroepiandrosterone sulfate; OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; CHD = coronary heart disease; AL = allostatic load; SES = socioeconomic status.


The article examines consumer decision making with respect to the purchase of products. The research presented in the article focuses it attention on three categories of intangible product attributes, brand, country of origin, and social attributes. According to the article previous research in the area of intangible product attributes has been flawed because it focused on a single group of intangibles, which is why the research presented in this article chose to place the product attributes into three categories. The aim of the research is to understand why intangible attributes affect the purchase intentions of consumers from developed and developing countries differently.


Recent years have seen renewed focus on chemical Enhances Oil Recovery. Techniques such as polymer flooding, surfactant flooding or alkali-surfactant-polymer flooding are under evaluation globally for the application in maturing oil fields. Despite extens


The invention relates to a method for producing graft rubber polymers of the ABS type by batch continuous emulsion polymerization, thereby obtaining latices having substantially reduced residual monomer contents, and to the graft rubber polymers so obtained. The remaining properties of the polymers produced according to said method are not impaired in any way.


Education has tipped over in recent years to a search to recover the moral values that
have been lost, same that is often unsuccessful because there is no effective experience a
more practical than theoretical. The current intervention proposal presents an approach to try
to solve this problem using philosophy as a subject capable of enhancing critical analysis and
personal reflection. In the first part, the selected topic is justified and the problem to work is
evidenced with data, as well as the description of the objectives to be achieved. Then, in the
theoretical framework, a considerable review is made about the importance of moral education
and its historical context, the role of philosophy and the use of consistent methodologies
centered on students; finally, in the third part, with the concrete development of the proposal,
a guide of the sessions and the description of the activities proposed to be executed is offered.


This article argues that in Bleeding Edge, Pynchon moves from an oppositional schema in which the world is divided into "elect" and "preterite" populations towards one that is concerned with implication and complicity. The article uses Michael Rothberg's The Implicated Subject (2019) as the basis for analysis, and notably his argument that to be implicated in wrongdoing often involves a kind of structural blindness towards suffering elsewhere. In the case of Bleeding Edge, the protagonist, Maxine Tarnow, is implicated in the violence committed in order to secure the hegemony of neoliberalism. The article describes Maxine's gradual recognition of her own blindness, and hence of her implication in the harms perpetrated in the name of neoliberalism. It begins by noting that her experience of neoliberalism is one of process and of immaterial exchange. The second part of the article argues that the introduction of Nicholas Windust shows how neoliberalism may be an experience of rupture or trauma for those outside the developed world. Finally, with the 9/11 attacks on New York, the same violence rebounds against its source; the attacks therefore act as the final stage in Maxine's increasing awareness of her own implication.


Based on machining experiments the diamond forming tool wear degrees of irregular area were studied, the tool wear rate mathematical model was deduced by regression analysis and the improvement project of tool was innovatively designed. Through the diamond forming tool segments thickness dimension compensation, the tool wear of irregular area can be uniformly achieved, the performance of diamond forming tool has been increased highly and the diamond forming tool life is greatly extended.


This study examined therapist ability to identify client-reported reactions. Sixteen therapists each saw two volunteer clients for single counseling sessions. In postsession reviews, clients rated the helpfulness of, and indicated their reactions to, each therapist intervention. Therapists also rated the helpfulness of, and indicated their perceptions of client reactions to, each therapist intervention. In 50% of the instances therapists matched clients, that is, reported the same reaction cluster as the clients did. There were higher match rates on the reaction clusters of therapeutic work (62%), supported (54%), and no reaction (46%) than negative reaction (27%) and challenged (14%). When therapists matched on therapeutic work, helpfulness ratings for the following intervention were higher than when therapists did not match. In contrast, when therapists matched on negative reactions and no reaction, helpfulness ratings for the following intervention were lower than when they had not matched. Thus, therapists' ability to match client reactions was related to their ability to generate helpful interventions. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.


Frequent pattern mining play an essential role in data mining for markets basket analysis. However, items are actually different in many aspects in a number of real life applications, so frequent pattern mining cannot meet the demands arising from these applications (1,2,3). Utility-based data mining is a new research area interested in all types of utility factors in data mining processes. The main objective of Utility Mining is to identify the itemsets with highest utilities, by considering other user preferences such as profit, quantity and cost. Mining High Utility itemsets from a transaction database is to find itemsets that have utility above a user- specified threshold. Itemset Utility Mining is an extension of Frequent Itemset mining, which identifies itemsets that occur frequently in transaction (2,4,5). A retail business may be interested in identifying its most valuable customers, who contribute a major fraction of overall company profit (10). Several researches about itemset utility mining were proposed. In this paper, a literature survey of various algorithms for high utility itemset mining has been presented.


The purpose of this article is to investigate the psychological problems caused in children who need to undergo adoption, especially when it comes to the adoption of children over five years old and adolescents, the so-called late adoption. There are many myths and prejudices surrounding the adoption of older children, regardless of the minds of the children who are involved. To study and realize the proposed objective, initially the history and evolution of adoption in Brazil was studied, as well as the constitutional principles and evolutions. After national social and legal analyzes, constructive proposals are brought up regarding the topic addressed. This is because, there must be recognition of the human rights of children and adolescents and their conceptualization as subjects worthy of family life, their psychological being totally affected by the lack of it. When we look at the host institutions in Brazil, what is most observed is children and adolescents being chosen last when a possible adoption appears. In this tireless search for the realization of the right to family life, it is up to the Public Authorities to promote effective actions to reintegrate the child and adolescent into the family, so that the psychological effects caused are as small as possible and that their fundamental right is not violated. At the end, it is undertaken to present proposals and possibilities for the successful adoption and protection of the family, aiming at the mental health of the children who are involved in the process.


Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) refer to the quality system that contributes to guarantee the quality of research results, including the use of standard strains to control the performance of culture media, dyes, and reactions. Standard strains or reference bacteria are cultures originated from a collection of cultures nationally and/or internationally recognized, followed by a certificate describing their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics and other relevant information. The preservation of their original characteristics is one of the essential requirements for their viability, important for their reproduction in industrial processes and in pure and applied research experiments. The objective of this work was to compile and disseminate information on the ways of obtaining donation of standard strains to teaching and research laboratories and their maintenance in microbiological analysis laboratories. Through a bibliographic survey, information was compiled on institutions that donate reference material and on methods of standard strain reactivation and adequate maintenance. The availability of this material through donations and adequate maintenance according to laboratory conditions allow fulfilling GLP requirements and the quality of the works developed.


The relation of men and gods during Yin and Zhou Dynasties is an important problem in history. In this paper, according to inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells of the Yin Dynasty ruins,were demonstrated culture of worship of the Yin Dynasty and its main characteristics;it were expounded culture characteristics from late Yin Dynasty,West Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Mid Period, which is transforming period from culture of worship to humanistic culture; after the Spring and Autumn Mid Period, Chinese humanistic culture was established. In addition, were investigated Chinese humanistic culture and its related problems.


In free-space optical communication links using intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD), atmospheric turbulence-induced intensity fluctuations can significantly impair link performance. Communication techniques can be applied to mitigate turbulence-induced intensity fluctuations (i.e., signal fading) in the regime in which the receiver aperture D/sub 0/ is smaller than the fading correlation length d/sub 0/ and the observation interval T/sub 0/ is smaller than the fading correlation time /spl tau//sub 0/. If the receiver has knowledge of the joint temporal statistics of the fading, maximum-likelihood sequence detection (MLSD) can be employed, but at the cost of high computational complexity. We introduce a single-step Markov chain (SMC) model for the fading correlation and use it to derive two low-complexity, suboptimal MLSD algorithms based on per-survivor processing (PSP). Simulations are presented to verify the SMC model and the performance improvement achieved using these suboptimal per-survivor processing (PSP) algorithms.


The filtering device constructed according to a modular system comprises filtering plates (3) interassembled, said plates being used either to form a U-shaped gutter, or as a simple plate for a small filter, or as a replacement for a separation channel or as a horizontal filter. The cleaning of the filtering plates is effected on both sides by means of moving conduits spraying (7) and collecting the slurries (8). The upper surface of the filter is divided in small boxes (14) sealed on all sides by a support grid (2) so that the cleaning flow goes necessarily through the corresponding area of the filter. The collection of slurries is effected in a slurry collecting conduit (8) facing the spraying conduit.


A mathematical model of the copper/zirconium tungstate(Cu/ZrW2O8) functionally graded films was proposed by means of a finite element method.Effects of the parameters,such as the quantity of layers (N),distribution of components (P),thickness of graded films (Hf),thickness of substrate (Hm),thickness of pure Cu layer (Hc) and temperature (θ),on the thermal stress fields of Cu/ZrW2O8 functionally graded films were discussed.The results of thermodynamic calculation show that the more layers of the functionally graded films,the more the thermal stress can be reduced.When N≥5 and P=1,the maximum value of heat stress between the substrate and the functionally graded films decreased.When N=5 and 2≤P≤3,the maximum value of heat stress appeared inside the functionally graded films.The increased values of Hf and Hm can favor the reduction of the maximum value of heat stress.This functionally graded film can protect the pure Cu layer from room temperature to the α-ZrW2O8 phase transformation temperature (120 ℃).


This is a combination of library rules and campus guidelines that are enforced in the library. Information literacy is the study of recognizing and evaluating all kinds of information from various sources. Academic libraries are dedicated to the focus of teaching students information literacy. This information literacy plan is the set of goals for


Although Nazi rhetoric before 1933 often favored labor, attacked big business, and threatened to nationalize it, some historians have argued that clever or desperate businessmen saw through the demagogy, applauded the anti-Marxism, and supported the Nazis . Turner presents extensive new evidence, however, that most leaders of German big business opposed the Nazi Party during its rise to power. They disliked its anti-Semitism and truly feared its anti-capitalist rhetoric and populism. This is not a whitewash, for Turner describes in detail the few businessmen who supported Hitler, although he argues that most of them were outside the inner circle. He also criticizes the big business opposition to Hitler for its poor organization and for its shortsighted subordination to lobbying for special economic privileges. With calculated ambiguity about what economic policies he would follow, Hitler succeeded in neutralizing the opposition from big business . Like other elite groups, the Marxist parties at home, and the Allies abroad, big business misunderstood the Nazi phenomenon and bungled the task of opposing it.


"If I had only been born a Roman!" sighed Jean-Jacques Rousseau after touring the Pont du Gard. 1 This was a typically emotional reaction on Rousseau's part, but for once he was perfectly in tune with his times. Roman history was familiar to every educated person in the eighteenth century and supplied a vocabulary of terms and examples used for discussions of practically any concept, not least politics and statesmanship. 2 Prominent among the historical personages who figured in this discourse was Marcus Porcius Cato (95–46 BCE), also called Cato Uticensis or Cato the Younger. 3 In his time, Cato was famous as the quintessential republican, exhibiting stoic virtue in private and public and leading the increasingly desperate struggle to save the republic from Julius Caesar. On occasion he behaved quite oddly: for example, when he divorced his wife Marcia so that his ally Hortensius could marry her (after the latter's death, Cato remarried her). Following a not particularly successful political and military career, he decided to retire but found himself unable to abstain from joining his former opponent Pompey in the civil war against Caesar, which broke out shortly thereafter. In the wake of Pompey's defeat at Pharsalus (48 BCE),


Summary: The protection of freedom of speech is part of the constitutional matter, international conventions, as well as specific laws and media regulations. But as new technologies have radically reshaped the media space, traditional regulatory assumptions have been called into question and, in many cases, existing rules have become counterproductive. Therefore, in order to understand in detail, the systemic nature of the challenge facing freedom of expression in the field of electronic media, the Croatian Parliament, in response to this challenge, on October 1


seems to be hardly moving at all. In part this is rooted in the main contention of the Sonderfieft, that the sociology of art must be conceieved as a sociology of artists. As long as the work of art itself is not taken into consideration and made subject of sociological analysis, the sociologist's proposals for the tackling of the situation of the artist can hardly transcend some elevated form of social work.


A simple, precise, and accurate spectrophotometric deter- mination of antazoline salts was developed by improving the ceric sulfate procedure. Replacement of water with acetic acid for the preparation of all assay solutions permitted reproducible measurements of the chro- mogen that absorbed at 505 nm. An appreciable increase in color stability was attained by the controlled addition of perchloric acid to the ceric reagent prior to interaction with antazoline at room temperature. Evi- dence is provided to account for the oxidation of antazoline at the expense of a complex ceric species. Other 2-imidazolines or phenylephrine did not interfere with the investigated color reaction. In addition to the high value of the chromogen molar absorptivity, ideal adherence of color ab- sorption to Beer's law permitted accurate and reproducible estimation of antazoline over the 1-10-pg range. The procedure was applied to the analysis of different antazoline dosage forms. Keyphrases 0 Antazoline-spectrophotometric analysis in prepared solutions and dosage forms Spectrophotometry-analysis, antazoline in prepared solutions and dosage forms 0 Antihistaminics-antazoline, spectrophotometric analysis in prepared solutions and dosage forms


Using the thoroughly validated Thyroid‐Related Quality‐of‐Life Patient‐Reported Outcome (ThyPRO) questionnaire, the purpose of this study was to investigate changes in disease‐specific quality of life (QOL) after surgical treatment in patients with benign nontoxic multinodular goiters.


Flange cracking of Drawn and Ironed can from tinplate is caused mainly by non-metallic inclusions in the end of the can. In this study, the chemical composition and the minimum size of non-metallic inclusions causing flange cracking in tinplate of Al-killed steel were examined. The chemical composition of non-metallic inclusions is composed of CaO-Al2O3 and the minimum size is 5μm in thickness and 50μm in width. Countermeasures for reducing inclusions were taken in the continuous casting process, and the tinplate quality was inspected by a magnetic inclusion detector, thus leading to a reduction in the flange cracking rate of Drawn and Ironed cans.


The protection of ischemic myocardium by drugs has long been a focus of study.It has been proven through numerous that inhaled anesthetics-induced protection against ischemic myocardium exists.This has also tentatively been confirmed in clinical trials.However,the mechanism of protection is complicated and has not yet been completely elucidated.Progress made in the research of inhaled anesthetics in the opening of ATP-sensitive potassium channels,Ca2+ overload,oxygen free radicals,cytokines and NO is summarized in this review.


Why is the relation between Muslims and Christians in Egypt characterized by conflicts? Why has the relation dramatically changed through the last three decades from co-existence to conflict? These are the main questions in our study. The Egyptian context and background provide much help in understanding the historical roots of conflicts and finding out the most effective tool in creating and regenerating conflicts: rumors. The dynamic of rumors can be manifested and reactivated easily in the absence of cultural pluralism. A lack of pluralism affords to rumors more public space to impact social life. Usually, they create negative stereotypes of the Other to produce an alternative vision as a part of an Othering process. Moreover, rumors spread rapidly from person to person and from one group to another, especially if they are attached to humor or funny jokes, as often happens in Egypt. Due to that dynamic of easy spreading, rumors might be seen as the most effective and divisive tool affecting social relationships. They have been used by regimes, the media and religious leaders in creating conflict and contributing to social division.


It is now over 50 years since systemic agents were first used to treat malignant disease. Initial results were positive, with cytotoxic chemotherapy achieving success in haematological malignancies, but these successes have not been reproduced for the majority of adult solid tumours, principally because the approach does not target tumour cells sufficiently and exclusively. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A novel design concept for a variable included angle Monk‐Gillieson mounting monochromator with a varied line spacing grating is presented and the energy resolution is estimated by using the ray‐tracing method. It is indicated that relatively high resolution is achieved even if one scans the photon energy with a fixed included angle. A novel microfocusing system, two‐step Kirkpatric‐Baez optics, is also proposed. The ray tracing results indicate that a submicron spot size in FWHM is achieved by focusing mirrors with commercially available slope errors at a relatively long working distance. Preliminary results from a prototype system for microfocusing are demonstrated, which shows that a spot size of several μm can be achieved by using cylindrical mirrors only.


Use of radiotherapy to prophylactically treat the brain is a fascinating application of radiation treatments. As outlined in the review by Schild et al, the rationale and clear efficacy of this treatment dates back nearly four decades. It is critical that we continue to re-evaluate the utility of our treatment paradigms. Schild et al highlight how prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) still should fit into our treatment regimen for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC); however, it is useful to raise a few additional points that require reflection. Our continued use of PCI in the treatment of SCLC balances on a threelegged stool composed of the following: that systemic treatments are inadequate at controlling the brain disease; that the harm to the patient caused by untreated brain metastases is high; and that the risks of injury from radiotherapy are reasonable for patients. If any of these legs breaks, the stool tips. We do not prophylactically treat other sites of the body with radiotherapy because the legs of the stool are clearly inadequate for other disease sites. We assume that systemic treatments are adequately balanced against the harms of upfront radiation and our collective ability to provide palliative salvage treatments in an incurable patient population. Is this same assessment true for PCI? It likely depends on the degree of bias toward the harms of PCI treatment versus intracranial progression and salvage treatment.Which is worse? If one wants to argue against PCI, one must simply point out that the imaging requirements of the trials included in themeta-analyses of Aupérin et al and Meert et al, as well as those of the Slotman trial, were inadequate and, thus, the results areno longer applicable. It seems inexcusable in 2017 to not complete staging with magnetic resonance imaging of the brain before treatment. It is conceivable that large proportions of patients had brain metastases at the outset on these trials. That only leaves the Takahashi phase III trial, which was closed early as a result of the futility of the PCI treatment. It included a robust imaging component and, as a result, the survival benefit of upfront treatment was likely quashed by better staging. If we follow a strategy of no PCI, the likelihood of brain failure is 64% at 18 months, of which 40% would have recurred in the brain despite treatment and 36% would have been overtreated, thus leaving only 24% of patients with benefit. Is it worth overtreating more patients with PCI than those who would have benefited?Thedata to answer this question are not clearly informative. Quality-of-life data from the Slotman trial suggest that there was no decrement to the PCI arm, but this couldalsobe interpretedas a lackof benefit. If survival is the same as in the Takahashi study, then it seems that the goal of treatment, in part, should be to help patients feel better. This is not the necessarily the case. The poor adherence to healthrelated quality of life submission in the Slotman study raises the question of reporting bias, which would likely favor the patients who are feeling and functioning better. In studies of whole-brain radiotherapy or radiosurgery, quality-oflife data clearly favors treating less brain


Summary 1. Parasites can affect host fitness, provoke host responses, and thereby mediate host life history evolution. As life history strategies are often sex-specific, immunological or behavioural responses of the host aiming to reduce the impact of parasites may be sexually dimorphic, e.g. as a consequence of sex differences in the resource allocation tradeoff between parasite defence, morphological traits and body functions. Parasites may therefore affect males and females differently leading to sex specific patterns of parasite susceptibility. 2. In an experimental field study, we manipulated the ectoparasite load of great tit nests ( Parus major ) and investigated its effects on male and female nestlings. As susceptibility to parasites may be linked to the ability of the nestlings to fight off parasites immunologically, we further investigated sex differences in cell-mediated immunity using a phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) assay. 3. Body mass, metatarsus length and overall body size, but not feather length, showed a sexual dimorphism at the end of the nestling period. A significant interaction between the effects of sex and parasite treatment on the sexually dimorphic traits indicates that the parasite effect is sex-specific. While no differences in morphological traits were found in females raised in infested and uninfested nests, parasitized males were significantly smaller and lighter than males raised in uninfested nests. Further, we found a pronounced sexual dimorphism in the response to the PHA assay with males showing a reduced cellular immunity. The parasite treatment had a non-significant effect on the PHA response and the PHA response of males and females were not influenced differently by parasites. 4. Our study shows that sexual dimorphism in susceptibility to parasites and immunocompetence develops early in life, and suggests sex-specific strategies in the allocation of limited resources. Possible mechanisms of sex differences in susceptibility to parasites and immunocompetence during postnatal growth and the consequences for optimal sex allocation strategies of the parents are discussed.


The following article describes the phenomenon of "fake news" as a powerful means of argumentative influence. It is concluded that nowadays the influence of fake news can be characterized as a global phenomenon. The fake problem did not arise in our time; it accompanies mankind throughout its existence, from the moment of the cognitive revolution people deceived each other, engaged in fraud and manipulation. The solution of this problem should not be sought on the path of striving for honesty or increasing responsibility for lies. In the last decades of the 20th and 21st centuries, mankind successfully solved a number of problems that previously seemed intractable. The problem of fake news will also be solved. The main thing is the awareness of the problem and its


A recent line of work has established accurate predictions of the mean squared-error (MSE) performance of non-smooth convex optimization methods when used to recover structured signals (e.g. sparse, low-rank) from noisy linear (and possibly compressed) observations. Specifically, in a recent paper [15] we precisely characterized the MSE performance of a general class of regularized M-estimators using a framework that is based on Gaussian process methods. Here, we extend the framework to the analysis of a general class of Lipschitz performance metrics, which in addition to the standard MSE, includes the ℓ1-reconstruction error, the probability of successfully identifying whether an element belongs to the support of a sparse signal, the empirical distribution of the error, etc. For concreteness, we primarily focus on the problem of sparse recovery under ℓ1-regularized least-squares (aka LASSO). We illustrate the validity of the theoretical predictions through numerical simulations and discuss the importance of their precise nature in optimally tuning the involved parameters of the reconstruction method.


The aim of the study is to conduct the wheat balances analysis, to research the supply and demand in the domestic market, and to examine the partial impact of the relevant factors on the supply and demand. The the research results of wheat production and trade flows can contribute to the increase of supply and to the structural changes in production, the strengthening of competitiveness, the increase of trade exchange, improvement in production and processing, new investments, higher employment rate, and so on. The methods used in the research are the wheat balances analysis, the functional and correlation analysis (the functional correlation analysis), the variance analysis, T-test, as well as other general methods. The results of the wheat production and consumption balances analysis indicate the existence of surplus and potential for export of an average of 805.29 thousand tons with a trend of increase after 2013. The impact of production, initial stocks, imports, and purchase prices on wheat supply is high (R = 0.99). The impact of consumption, sales prices, income, exports, and final stocks on wheat demand is high (R = 0.95). By analyzing the correlation coefficient of wheat production and supply, a coefficient of 0.96 was obtained, while for the wheat consumption and demand the obtained coefficient was 0.82, which indicates high correlation dependence. In the period 2000-2016, the export of wheat was increased 8.7 times along with the increase in price per kg and the total export value.


Objective To evaluate the status of measles serology surveillance and the epidemiological features of measles in Guangzhou.Method The epidemiology and laboratory results of the surveillance of the suspected measles cases during 2001-2006 were analyzed.Results A total of 7 064 suspected measles cases have been reported in five years,in which 4 498 measles cases were positive in IgM antibody and the positive rate was 63.67%.Measles cases were mainly children and young adults,and most of them had uncertain measles vaccine immunization history.The status of measles surveillance system was normal,and the level of measles antibody of native population was higher than that of floating population.Most outbreaks occurred in the floating population and it was the reason that the measles incidence was somewhat high in Guangzhou.Conclusion To speed up the process of measles control,it is important to carry out enhanced immunization among those in high risk to measles,and to enhance the construction of measles surveillance system as well as the measles laboratory network.


The effect of the chemical composition of geopolymer pastes on compressive strength was investigated in high-calcium fly ash and copper slag blends. In synthesizing the pastes, soda ash at activator to binder ratio of 0.4 was used. The characterization of material samples and the hardened fly ash-copper slag pastes was conducted through X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) for the major oxide and phase composition. The hardened paste cubes which were cured at 80 °C were tested for compressive strength at ages 3, 7, and 28 days to obtain the mechanical performance property of each respective mix. The findings establish the impact of variation in the individual material and paste composition on the compressive strength of fly ash-copper slag geopolymer. The result shows that increase in the SiO2/Al2O3 and Na2O/Al2O3 ratios of paste products of samples corresponded to an increase in compressive strength. Whilst Fe2O3 wt.% increase in products from slag addition and positively influenced the compressive strength as fillers. However, CaO had no positive influence on the matrix of the activated product. The optimal blend mix design was 40 wt.% of copper slag which achieved a 28-day compressive strength of 24.66 MPa.


A vehicle lamp (1) comprises a plurality of emitting devices of semiconductor light (3, 4) and a reflector (5) for reflecting toward the front of the vehicle lamp in the light emitted by the emitting devices of semiconductor light (3, 4). The reflector (5) is formed in a shape with an open front portion. A partition member plate (7) is arranged inside the reflector (5) for separating the reflector (5) in a plurality of reflective areas (11, 12). The devices emitting semiconductor light (3, 4) are mounted on the plate-shaped separating element (7) in the reflective areas (11, 12) so that respective optical axes of the emitting devices of semiconductor light (3, 4) are directed in a direction substantially perpendicular to the optical axis of the lamp.


The US health agency, the National Institutes of Health (NIH), has modified its plans to make the results of nationally funded research available free of charge after pressure from scientific publishers who claim the policy will damage their profits.

Instead of making the results available on a publicly accessible website within six months of publication in a scientific journal, as originally planned, the agency has extended the deadline for posting results to a year.

Many supporters of public access have …


Abstract. The article presents results of immunological evaluation of 74 patients with posttraumatic osteoarthritis of knee joint, and 29 health humans. The data indicate that progression of posttraumatic inflammatory changes in joint cavity is accompanied by signs of systemic inflammation and disorders in cytokine balance. Following treatment including radon therapy, a significant trend for normalization of all the studied immunological data was observed in majority of patients. The findings provide further evidence for application of radon therapy, in order to treat patients with posttraumatic inflammatory changes of the joint cavity.


In Reply.—
 In response to the comments on our paper1 dealing with the issue of cost-benefit analysis of health care delivery to the very low-birth-weight infants.
 1. Neuspiel raised two issues. The first issue refers to placing a dollar value on human life. The final sentence of the abstract of our paper may be read by some to infer that care of infants weighing less than 900 g at birth is not economically beneficial; therefore, these infants should be restricted from receiving this care.


Tracking ground moving targets in cluttered environment is a challenging problem in airborne surveillance. In this paper, we present a novel approach for classifying targets by exploiting the formation patterns of their subtarget motion estimates. The target's moving parts formation patterns are represented in terms of dynamic random graphs and the classification problem is reduced to that of graph identification. Target and subtarget motions are estimated by means of estimating their joint state vectors probability density functions that can be solved via a number of methods.


We report two-color photoassociative ionization of sodium in a magneto-optical trap. The experimental results yield information on both singly and doubly excited states. We find that the highest bound vibrational levels ({ital v}{approx_gt}20) of the singly excited 0{sub {ital g}}{sup {minus}} state predissociate into the 3{sup 2}{ital P}{sub 3/2}+3{sup 2}{ital S}{sub 1/2}({ital F}{sub {ital g}}=1) dissociation continuum due to avoided crossings of the hyperfine components of this potential with other molecular symmetries. Based on symmetry and energy consideration we argue that a doubly excited 1{sub {ital u}} state remains autoionizing even when only a few GHz above the dissociation continuum. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}


As a member of sharing economy, clothes rental, so called closet-sharing economy has become quite mature in several countries; but the development of closet-sharing platforms in China is still in the initial stage. What kind of weakness do Chinese closet-sharing companies have in their running mode? What can they learn from their foreign counterparts? This paper analyses the business mode of some closet-sharing platforms in China, compares them with successful foreign closet-sharing platforms, points out the problems and gives some advice to these closet-sharing companies in China. The analyses show that closet-sharing platforms in China have difficulties to keep clothes clean, to offer enough clothes types, to deliver them to customers in time, and to protect the rights of customers. To solve these problems, several actions such as setting up their own washing center could be taken. Introduction In recent years, the traditional business mode in the apparel retail industry has been depressed, with the rapid spread of sharing economy, closet-sharing online platform has gradually entered the public vision. The nature of a closet-sharing is to replace the garment purchasing by renting, pay a sum of money to closet-sharing monthly, quarterly, semiannually or annually in order to become a member of it, then rent the ideal clothes on these closet-sharing platform, finally receive different clothes every month by express delivery. Speaking of the business mode, most of the closet-sharing platforms chose the B2C mode, which means the platforms buy garments by themselves, then rent the garments to consumers. The Closet-sharing business model has been quite developed in the United States, Japan and other countries. The entire industry has been into the integration stage, and each closet-sharing platform enterprise has different develop planning and focuses on its segment market to enhance its market share, such as Rent the runway, which focuses on couture dress rental; Gwynnie Bee, focus on large-size garments rental; The black Tux, only the men's suit rental, and so on. The development of closet-sharing in China is relatively slower, but from the beginning of 2015, several closet-sharing enterprises appeared in China, such as Ycloset, MsParis, Dora's Dream and so on. These enterprises have changed the traditional Chinese clothes rental marketing mode to a large extent, but their marketing modes still need to be improved. The Analysis of Development of Online Closet-sharing Platforms outside China


There has been growing concern that glass fiber products used in air handling and duct systems are a contributing factor to some indoor air quality (IAQ) problems. However, there is inadequate quantitative information to determine the degree of risk involves for the wide range of applications. Also, there is no indication that quantitative data will be achievable for design purposes for many years. As a result, current regulations and design trends range from the complete elimination of exposed fibrous material to the status quo. Since the main purpose of internal duct lining is for noise control, its removal requires other noise control solutions. The purpose of this article is to examine positions taken by various interest groups and provide examples of current research. Important practical guidelines are offered that provide middle ground qualitative solutions until a quantitative approach emerges.


Testing consumes about 50% of the total software development costs. The purpose of testing is to check the correctness of any software created as to whether it is working according to what was expected and what it was supposed to do. Software testing is a process of executing a program or application with the purpose of finding defects. The aim of software testing is not only to find the defects but also to find out the situations that could cause negative impact on the customer. There are many techniques and ways to test the application and software but in this paper we bring out one of the efficient and effective methodologies namely; model based testing (MBT). MBT facilitates generation of effective test cases from the developed model of the software. A model describes the functionality and behavior of the system under test (SUT). This paper introduces model-based testing and gives case study of the same.


In this paper we present structural, transport, magnetic and magneto-crystalline anisotropy of La1−xSrxMnO3 (х = 0.30, 0.33, 0.36, and 0.40) synthesized using the solid-state reaction method. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the samples is well indexed to the rhombohedral structure with R3c space group. Lattice parameters and unit cell volume are found to decrease monotonically upon increasing Sr2+ concentration at La3+ site. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms the presence of Mn4+ and Mn3+, the ratio of which (Mn4+/Mn3+) increases from 0.44 to 0.64 with increasing Sr2+ concentration. From the ρ(T) and M(T) data analysis, we find that TMI and MS are larger for x = 0.33 composition, suggesting a weakening of the double-exchange interaction due to competing super-exchange interactions in x = 0.30, 0.36 and 0.40 samples. We calculated MCA constant (K1) by fitting the saturation magnetisation data at a higher magnetic field using the law of approach model, M = MS [1-a/H-b/H2]-χH with K12 = (105/8)bMs2 and is in the order of 105 erg/cm3.


Ionizing radiation offers great benefit to people in the hospital through diagnostic and therapeutic procedures to patients but undue radiation may create short- and long-term problems for medical staff & public. The goal of the study is to monitor the real-time radiation inside & outside of the three large hospital campuses in Dhaka city of Bangladesh namely the National Institute of Cancer Research & Hospital (NICRH), National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute (NHFH), Kidney Foundation Hospital & Research Institute (KFH) and estimation of radiological risk on medical staff& public. The average real-time radiation dose rate & calculated average twelve-monthly effective doses to medical staff and public arising from the NICRH, NHFH, KFH were found to be1.781 ± 0.310 μSv/h, 1.685 ± 0.307μSv/h, 1.735 ± 0.341μSv/hand 3.111 ± 0.556mSv, 2.952 ± 0.437 mSv, 3.039 ± 0.329 mSv respectively. The excess life-time cancer risk (ELCR) on medical staff & public was estimated based on the twelve-monthly effective dose and varied from 8.972 Χ 10-3 to 18.938 Χ 10-3with average of 12.071 Χ 10-3. The average twelve-monthly effective dose and ELCR on medical staff were lower than those of the permissible limit. Real-time radiation monitoring inside & outside of the large hospital campuses is essential for detecting a malfunction of the radiation generating equipment and incorrect handling of the radioactive substances. The study would assist in minimizing radiological risk to medical staff & public and thereby would ensure the environment in the hospital is free from radioactive contamination.

https://universepg.com/public/storage/journal-pdf/Estimation of radiological risk on medical staff and public.pdf


days.. Confusion may be avoided by the use of glycermated broth control injections whenever a dilution stronger than one in one hundred is employed. Hart believes that control injections are necessary only in such instances. The possible occurrence of non-specific reactions is the reason for discouraging the reading of the results of the test earlier than forty-eight hours after the injection. The development of an area of erythema, five millimetres in its widest diameter, is regarded as proof of a specific reaction.


Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and clinical effects of dexamethasone combines with immunoglobulin for children with viral cerebellitis.Methods Totally 38 children patients were divided into therapeutic group(n=22)and control group(n=16).The patients in the control group received anti-virus therapy,improvement of metabolite and functional recovery of cerebral cells,and symptomatic treatment;and the patients therapeutic group accepted dexamethasone plus immunoglobulin intravenously on the basic therapies for control group.The clinical effects in both groups were analyzed.Results The time of clinical symptomatic disappearance in therapeutic group was obviously shorter than that in the control group,with a significant difference(P0.05).Conclusion Viral cerebellitis in children takes ataxia as the major manifestation.Combination therapy of dexamethasone and immunoglobulin can shorten the course.


Abstract : This project studied the potential of managing a data/knowledge base using an optical content-addressable memory (OCAM) as opposed to an electronic location-addressable memory. In an optical content-addressable memory, inputs are compared with the stored data, and detected matches found in parallel. In a holographic OCAM, the number of reference patterns represents the number of holograms that need to be stored in the system. Using thick holographic recording media, such as photo-refractive lithium niobate, holograms may be multiplexed together in a common volume. This project completed work on applying OCAMs to the operations of addition and multiplication by using residue-coded numbers and other operations such as discrete matched filtering. These operations can be used to perform data searching or truth-table look-up processing.


The adaptability of launch canisters to environment affects the storage reliability and mission ability of guided missiles.This article analyses six main kinds of influence of natural environment upon launch canisters.The article also supplies some measures in designing launch canisters and in their storage to mitigate the influence of natural environment.


In order to improve the performance of blood cell images recognition,a method of colorful blood cell images recognition based on kernel function is proposed.The blood cell image is normalized by colorful histograms and local histograms.Kernel Principal Component Analysis(KPCA) is used to extract the nonlinear features and reduce the high dimensionality of data representation.The features are weighted by Support Vector Machine(SVM).The classifier of multiclass is composed by SVM and Nearest Neighbor(NN).The total system is a support vector network for classification task actually.In order to train this network automatically,relevance feedback is utilized for adjusting parameters.The validity of method above is proved by results based on database of colorful blood images.


In a computer-based distributed stage performance, such as a theater play or opera, the actors and the audiences are spread among different stages in different locations. Actors in different cities can be on the same virtual stage and perform in front of an audience that can enjoy a whole consistent performance. A distributed stage performance raises a set of challenges both of a principled and of a practical nature. Traditional plays taking place on a single physical stage have a number of characteristics. These include very low delays between actors observing what others are doing, all actors and the audience see all events in the same order, and actors as well as the stage are modified through costumes, props, make-up and light changes. A computer-based system for distributed stage performances has to handle these aspects in principle. In practice, a system for distributed stage performances has to implement a number of functionalities. The actors need a representation of themselves on each of the stages, referred to as a remote presence. The remote presence will represent the actors to a varying degree of accuracy. The virtual remote presence is dressed in a virtual costume. It substitutes, in part or entirely, the costumes and make-up of the actor. A distributed performance can need remote actuation to interact with remote physical realities. To achieve this is needed a functionality to detect and analyze actor's movements, translate them into gestures and translate the gestures into local and remote actions. Both remote actuation and the remote presence need functionality to detect the state of the stages. The state must be shared among all the stages comprising the show. However, the distance between stages and speed of light result in a non-zero time from when an event happens on a stage until it can be observed on the other stages. This results in the individual stages perceiving an inconsistent state of the virtual stage, potentially hampering the show. Typically, existing approaches have one or more limitations. The remote presences that they provide targets teleconferencing, not distributed stage shows. There is no masking of the effects of delays, instead traffic-shaping, encoding, and compression are used to reduce latency. Data streams are not separated


X-ray and gamma-ray computed tomography provides cross-sectional images of objects in a totally non-destructive manner. The purpose of this paper is to describe briefly an overview of computed tomography and its application to testing and evaluation of industrially relevant materials in an Australian context. A number of instruments will be discussed that use either x-rays or y-rays, and that are designed to cover a range of material densities and specific characteristics such as spatial resolution and contrast resolution. The paper also canvasses some possible future developments in both 2D and 3D tomographic imaging and associated areas of automated feature extraction and classification from those images, with a particular emphasis on the tomographic imaging of sawlogs in order to maximise the return from this valuable resource.


The tube capture RT-PCR (TC-RT-PCR) was applied for identifying PVX, PVY and PLRV in potato disease leavies and cloning their full coat protein genes. The length of PVX, PVY and PLRV was 714, 804 and 627 bp respectively. The results showed that TC-RT-PCR with simple, rapid and high sensitivity could be widely applied in identification of potato viruses and cloning of their relative genes in future.


A novel photonics-assisted unconventional double-sideband sub-carrier modulation is proposed for dual-polarization UDWDM-PON with direct detection. High spectral-efficiency is achieved by removing the band-limited electrical mixing components.


Commentary on : Leslie T, Mikhail A, Mayan I, et al. Rapid diagnostic tests to improve treatment of malaria and other febrile illnesses: patient randomised effectiveness trial in primary care clinics in Afghanistan. BMJ 2014;348:g3730.[OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2]

Malaria control programmes focus on two things: reducing transmission by decreasing exposure to infected mosquitoes (via residual indoor spraying, use of insecticide-treated nets and prophylactic treatment) and improving diagnosis and treatment of infected persons. Treatment should be guided by an accurate diagnosis to avoid treating persons without malaria, so as to conserve resources and delay emergence of artemesinin resistance. Diagnosis is based on microscopy as the gold standard, with use of malaria rapid diagnostic tests (MRDT) as either an adjunct or alternative to microscopy when or where microscopy is unavailable. However, treatment is frequently not based on diagnostic test results, even when diagnostic tests are available.

This was a randomised trial of MRDT in two areas of Afghanistan …

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We report a 73-year-old man with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the stomach in whom distal gastrectomy specimen revealed coexisting carcinoid tumor of the duodenum. Postoperatively the patient received six cycles of chemotherapy (CHOP regimen) and was asymptomatic nine months later.


line 43: change "in real-world cases" to "in two real-world cases": otherwise it is misleading and it sounds like you've done this to all the 224 catchments Thanks, we have corrected the wording to "a real-world case".


This course represents the chance to overcome the tragic divide between philosophy and physics that set in about 1700! Recall that in the seventeenth century they were unified as 'natural philosophy'. Sadly, since 1700 a succession of factors have pushed them apart, and kept them apart. For example: (i) the increasing technicality of physics after the Newtonian synthesis of 1687; (ii) the coming of transcendental philosophy in Kant and his legacy; (iii) the early analytic philosophers, including logical empiricists, being overly enthusiastic about the power of logic to solve philosophical problems, and overly sceptical of traditional metaphysics and epistemology —just when the relativity and quantum revolutions were offering philosophers wonderful material for metaphysical and epistemological assessment; (iv) analytic philosophy's desire to have a distinctive intellectual and institutional identity (not least because cognate subjects that it was institutionally tied to, like psychology, were 'growing up and leaving') was most easily satisfied by alighting on 'conceptual analysis' of one sort or another ... (v) the limitations of pedagogy! One cannot in three or four years learn both (a) the canonical philosophers in the humanistic tradition, and (b) enough physics (or science in general) to read the canonical natural philosophers—of which they were many after Newton's time: and a handful of giants, e.g. Euler, Helmholtz, Maxwell, Einstein....


Urban agglomeration is an important form of regionalized city development, but also an iconic product of advanced regional industrialization and urbanization. Based on the diverse conceptual evolution processes of urban agglomeration and focusing on the technical method s and approaches for the identification of urban agglomerations, this article reviews in detail the research progress of the range identification of urban agglomeration growth. It concludes that the main reasons that academia seldom reach consensus on the spatial extent of urban agglomeration are as follows: there exist significant differences in the understanding of the essence of the concept, definition, smallest unit of analysis, and choice of identification methods of urban agglomeration. This article clarifies the main research methods of range identification of urban agglomeration:(1) the traditional socioeconomic index method represented by defining metropolitan areas in the United States has broad influence and has set the fundamentals of range identification of urban agglomerations in the West;(2) applying gravity models for the recognition of the scope of influence of central cities has become the main method for urban agglomeration range identification research in China;(3) using spatial analysis technology in GIS as means, integrated simulation methods incorporating integrated indicators and modeling methods represent the future trend of study on the recognition and identification of urban agglomeration growth.


Recent histological studies (Richardson, 1949; Linzell, 1952; Silver, 1954) have provided strong circumstantial evidence for the view that the mammary myoepithelium is a contractile tissue, which produces milk ejection in response to oxytocin released from the posterior pituitary gland during suckling. However, direct evidence of contractility is lacking. A number of other substances have been reported as causing partial or complete milk ejection in the isolated perfused cow's udder (Petersen, 1942; Peeters, Sierens & Silver, 1952), but it cannot be decided with certainty whether they are acting upon the myoepithelial cells around the alveoli or upon the smooth muscle of the teat and cistern, which has been shown to contract in response to many drugs as well (Peeters, 1948). Direct microscopical examination of the living mammary gland has been undertaken to determine the site of action of the substances producing the expulsion of milk and to study the response of the myoepithelial cells. Preliminary results have been previously reported to the Physiological Society (Linzell, 1954).


An apparatus for the inspection of the heat shield of a space shuttle has a drive so that it can automatically undertake an examination of the tiles of the heat shield. The apparatus moves over the surface with the aid of the drive, and images of the region to be inspected are produced with the aid of a camera. For these images, the tiles are illuminated Subse quently by light Sources from different directions, as a result of which the tiles can be reliably evaluated with regard to possible defects.


A monitoring device for monitoring a blood vessel extending from an access to a blood vessel (3) of a human subject through an apparatus for extracorporeal blood processing (80) and back to access a blood vessel ( 3), wherein the bloodstream comprises a device for drawing blood (2 ') and a return device blood (2 ") for connection to access a blood vessel (3), and a pumping device (4 ) operable to pump blood through the blood from the extraction device blood (2 ') to the return device blood (2 "), said monitoring device comprising: an input for obtaining pressure data from a pressure sensor (6a) arranged upstream of the pumping device (4) in the bloodstream to detect pressure pulses in blood pumped through the bloodstream; and a signal processor (8) connected to said inlet and being configured to generate, based on the pressure data, a signal monitoring time dependent comprising crosstalk pulses originating from one or more pulse generators in the apparatus of extracorporeal blood processing (80) and are propagated in a direction downstream of the pumping device (4) through the return device blood (2 "), access to a blood vessel (3) and extraction device blood (2 ') to the pressure sensor (6a), wherein the signal processor (8) is further configured to: process the monitoring signal for calculating a parameter value indicating a presence or absence of the crosstalk pulses, and detecting, based at least in part to the parameter value, an interruption of the blood stream downstream of the pumping device (4).


Lockwires are often used as mechanical locking components for bolts on an engine. Inspecting its twining direction relative to the bolt is vital for ensuring an engine runs normally. However, the dominant manual inspection method is inefficient and limited by the professional skills of the inspector. In this paper, we propose a method that can be used to automatically determine the twining direction of a lockwire. First, a coarse-to-fine scheme for localizing the bolt is designed. Then, rough segmentation regions of the lockwire are acquired by a novel elongated shape descriptor. The entire area containing the lockwire can be obtained by connecting images from segmentation regions. An innovative skeleton tree and texture-based selection strategy are used to extract the lockwire centerline. An efficient vector fitting approach is proposed for computing the extension direction of the centerline. As a result, the twining direction can be identified via the extension direction and the bolt's position. The experimental results show that our method is very effective in determining the twining direction of a lockwire, with an accuracy reaching 95%. In addition, the results also show that our method can deal with low-quality images of lockwires at different angles.


Chapter 1. Introduction A literature background on the early development of the Pd-catalysed cross-coupling reactions and the later discovery of the enolate arylation reaction is presented. In the second part, the literature on pyruvate chemistry is explored, focusing on enantioselective transformations and the synthesis of α-arylated pyruvate derivatives. The final part presents reported protocols on the synthesis of β-carboline, isoquinoline and indole esters, from the classical approaches to the more recent methodologies based on metal catalysed transformations. Chapter 2. Results and Discussion 2.1 A study towards the synthesis of substituted amino-pyridines via 6π-electrocyclisation of 1-azatrienes is presented. The aspects impacting the efficiency of the cyclisation reaction are discussed using the experimental data collected and kinetic experiments published by other groups. 2.2 A synthetic methodology for the synthesis of substituted β-carbolines from 3-bromoindoles and commercially available ketones via Pd-catalysed enolate arylation is discussed. The α-functionalisation of the keto-indole intermediate with electrophiles provided access to C4-functionalised β-carbolines. The one-pot protocol for this sequence was also developed. 2.3 A protected pyruvate equivalent that allows the α-arylation and α-arylation/alkylation reactions to be carried out at the methyl group via Pd-catalysed enolate arylation is presented. The deprotection of the OBO moiety allows the formation mono and multiply α-functionalised pyruvates. 2.4 The synthesis of isoquinoline, β-carboline and indole esters via Pd-catalysed enolate arylation of the OBO-protected pyruvate equivalent developed in this thesis is demonstrated. The functionalisation of these heterocycles via α-alkylation of the aryl-ketone intermediates is also discussed and some examples synthesised to validate the methodology.


Capital is not the phenomenon that only exists in capitalist societies,but it presents different characteristics in different societies.The essence of capital is not exploitation but appreciation.Although there are some exploitation phenomena in the capital of socialist societies,on the whole the capital aims for appreciation and is also characterized with it.


Facing the challenges of energy security,Australian government deals with the crisis of energy security through the energy security management,energy innovation,energy supply emergency,critical infrastructure protection and international cooperation.Similar situations in the field of energy set a basis for China to use Australian successful experience for references.As an important energy producer and consumer in the world,China should perfect the system of energy law to guarantee Chinese energy security,speed up the implementation of supportive policies of fiscal levy to promote the development of new energy and deepen the international cooperation to initiate a new situation in the field of energy of a win-win.


A new method for making three dimensional image is proposeds which solves the challenge to the computer equipment of making of three dimensional image in condition of mass data.And 1∶50 000 three dimensional image of Kunming metropolitan area is designed and realized.


A new fluorescent reagent DNS Gly-NHNH_2 reacts readily with the periodate oxidised nucleoside. Based on this fact, a new micro-method for the determination of the 3'-terminal nucleoside and the nucleotide sequence of an oligoribonucleotide is reported. By oxidation at 0℃, labeling with the fluorescent reagent and three β-elimination cycles in one tube, a tetra-nucleoside triphosphate, UpCpCpA, obtained by chemical synthesis, has been sequenced by this method. The amount needed for sequencing is 0.16A_(260mm)。This method, being simple and sensitive, can be easily carried out in any ordinary laboratory.


Many codes require either a contact capability or a need to determine geometric proximity of non-connected topological entities (which is a subset of what contact requires). ACME is a library to provide services to determine contact forces and/or geometric proximity interactions. This includes generic capabilities such as determining points in Cartesian volumes, finding faces in Cartesian volumes, etc. ACME can be run in single or multi-processor mode (the basic algorithms have been tested up to 4500 processors).


This article studies the durability of the calcium carbide residue (CCR) and fly ash (FA) stabilized silty clay against wetting and drying cycles to ascertain its performance in pavement applications. The durability test on the CCR-FA stabilized clay samples compacted on dry and wet sides of optimum was performed according to the ASTM. The mixture of CCR and FA can be used for soil stabilization instead of ordinary portland cement. The suitable ingredient of CCR, FA, and clay results in a moderately high strength and durability geomaterial. The durability against wetting and drying (w-d) cycles of the CCR stabilized clay is considered low according to the recommendations of the American Concrete Institute and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and is not accepted as a pavement material. The input FA at optimal content reacts with the excess CaðOHÞ2 from the CCR, and hence a significant improvement of the strength and durability. The optimal FA content is found at about 20%. The strength analysis shows that the durability is directly related to the unsoaked strength (prior to the w-d cycles). Consequently, a relationship between thew-d cycle strength and unsoaked strength is proposed. It is useful for quick determination of unsoaked strength during mix design to attain the target strength at the design service life. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000853. © 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.


Heterosis in the F1 hybrids between 13 winter wheats and four diverse testers of spring wheat was determined for grain yield and nine other traits. Two crosses IWWSN-6-110 x HPW42 and IWWSN-6-134 x HS240 showed significant economic heterosis over the standard variety HS277 and over the better parent for grain yield, grains per spike and harvest index, whereas, the cross IWWSN-6-110 x VL616 showed high heterosis over standard check only. The crosses exhibiting significant heterosis over the better parent for grain yield and yield attributing traits were IWWSN-6-110 x HS240, IWWN-6-110 x HD2380, IWWSN-6-134 x HD2380, IWWSN-6-134 x HPW42, BEIJING637 x HS240 and JCAM/EMU"S"IIDOVE "S" SWM 12314-13M-OM-9M-3M-4WM-OWH x HD 2380.


CWD is in the class of neurological diseases called transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE), that infects hoofed mammals in the Cervidae family (cervids), including white-tailed deer, mule deer, elk, moose, and caribou. CWD is similar to other more well-known TSE diseases like bovine spongiform encephalopathy (mad cow disease) of cattle, scrapie of sheep and goats, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease of humans. All these diseases are caused by an abnormally shaped class of proteins called prions, which cause microscopic holes to form in the brain, giving it a spongy appearance, and ultimately degrade neurological functions and cause death. All known TSE diseases are fatal, although some, including CWD, have delays between initial infection and display of symptoms and death.


The paper describes a verification method for arithmetic circuits based on residue arithmetic. In the verification, a residue module is attached to the specification and the implementation, and these outputs are compared by constructing BDD's. For the BDD construction without node explosion, we introduce a residue BDD whose width is less than or equal to a modulus. The method is useful for multipliers including C6288.


Victoria has just emerged from 10 years where Geography has been one of three strands in the key learning area of Studies of Society and Environment (SOSE). The overarching framework emerged from an attempt to develop a national curriculum. Whilst the national curriculum was rejected by Australian state and territories who each hold legislative responsibility for their jurisdiction, the national curriculum did significantly influence Victoria's Curriculum Standards Framework (CSF). This curricula design accommodates either a disciplinary or interdisciplinary approach to the learning and teaching of Geography, which served to allow schools to shape the curriculum in their schools. CSF was an outcome-based framework, which did not make strong recommendations for preferred pedagogies. Of the 747 outcomes that were provided across the compulsory years curriculum, there were a paltry 12 outcomes for Geography.


Great achievements of crisis-control in urban areas in China have been made in recent years.However,problems still exist as follows: lack of awareness of crisis-control and education concerned has not been emphasized enough;there are "blind areas" of communication between governments and the public;present mode of crisis-control becomes more and more out-of-date.Ways to establish new mechanism of crisis-control include: to strength the awareness so as to realize an over-all improvement of understanding of crisis-control;to enhance the law system and safeguard the control legally;to build a scientific,efficient and active pre-caution system;to improve the education concerned and encourage public participation;to construct an integrated operation mechanism etc.


We all face ethical dilemmas, challenges and issues in our professional and personal lives - situations raising questions and conflicts such as 'Is it always right to tell the truth?', 'My boss or client says do it, but my conscience says don't.', 'It's right in the short term, but wrong in the long term.' and 'What's good for me is bad for others.'


The hydrate decomposition kinetics is a key factor for the gas production from hydrate-saturated porous media. Meanwhile, it is also related to other factors. Among them, the permeability and hydrate dissociation surface area on hydrate dissociation kinetics have been studied experimentally and numerically in this work. First, the permeability to water was experimentally determined at different hydrate saturations (0%, 10%, 17%, 21%, 34%, 40.5%, and 48.75%) in hydrate-bearing porous media. By the comparison of permeability results from the experimental measurements and theoretical calculations with the empirical permeability models, it was found that, for the lower hydrate saturations (less than 40%), the experimental results of water permeability are closer to the predicted values of the grain-coating permeability model, whereas, for the hydrate saturation above 40%, the tendencies of hydrate accumulation in porous media are quite consistent with the pore-filling hydrate habits. A developed two-dimensional core-scale numerical code, which incorporates the models for permeability and hydrate dissociation surface area along with the hydrate accumulation habits in porous media, was used to investigate the kinetics of hydrate dissociation by depressurization, and a "shrinking-core" hydrate dissociation driven by the radial heat transfer was found in the numerical simulations of hydrate dissociation induced by depressurization in core-scale porous media. The numerical results indicate that the gas production from hydrates in porous media has a strong dependence on the permeability and hydrate dissociation surface area. Meanwhile, the simulation shows that the controlling factor for the dissociation kinetics of hydrate switches from permeability to hydrate dissociation surface area depending on the hydrate saturation and hydrate accumulation habits in porous media.


Objective To investigate the nursing intervention in the care of hemodialysis in effect,summarizes nursing experience,improve clinical treatment.Methods 83 routine blood dialysis renal failure patients were randomly divided into control group (40 cases) and intervention group (43cases),the two groups no difference in drug treatment and dialysis solutions,the control group using the traditional methods of care,intervention group were nursing interventions, nursing compare the two results.Results The intervention group was obviously better care than the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion Nursing intervention helps patients with rehabilitation of the disease,reducing the complications of the formation of enriched"people-oriented"and"patient-centered"care service content,improve the quality of care and patient satisfaction, worthy to be popularized.


To resolve uncertainties in evapotranspiration (ET) estimates caused by the retrieval error of remotely sensed data, this study develops an evaporative fraction (EF) parameterization based on surface energy balance and the assumption of generally invariant EF during the daytime. EF is deduced as a function of temporal change of surface temperatures, temporal change of air temperature, temporal change of net radiation, and fractional vegetation cover. The EF parameterization is evaluated by the simulated data from a soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer model with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.786 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.117. When the EF parameterization is used to estimate the daily ET of the Yucheng station in North China by in situ measurements, the estimated results are acceptable with an RMSE of 0.7 mm (relative RMSE of 25%) and an R2 of 0.837.


The study cultivated 5 different strains of Emeria tenella.They are Jilin strain[J],Shandong strain[S], Heilongjiang strain[H],F1strain,F2 strain.300 AA boiling chicken were divided 6 groups.One is control the others are experiment groups.There are 50 chicken in one group.When 12 day_age immunity chicken by using 1×10~4 oocysts and 24 day_age attacked 1×10~4 oocysts. After 10 day second attacked oocysts wing vein withdrawal 1mL to detect the ratio of CD4~+ and CD8~+ Lymphocyte. According to these aspect to suspect the cellular immunity function. The result is that hybridization strains are stronger than other groups.F2 strain is further stronger than the others. The order of the ratio of CD4~+ and CD8~+ in every groups is : F2 F1SHJ. The odds of CD4~+ and CD8~+ are different among groups. That is the cellular immunity function is different. This cellular immunity function of F2 is the strongest among groups, the next is F1, the third is S, the lowest is H and J.


Lessons argues persuasively that the shift in policy focus from natural disasters to terrorism and the rise of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, which absorbed and subsumed the Federal Emergency Man agement Agency (FEMA), has significantly weakened the latter agency's ability to address disasters. Birkland is not alone in making such claims, echoing the con cerns of Donald Kettl (2007), Kathleen Tierney (2005), and George Haddow and Jane Bullock (2006) that the transformation has severely undermined U.S. capacity to respond to its own natural disasters. Birk land's assertion may still be valid despite the establish ment of a so-called new FEMA within the Department of Homeland Security in 2007.


the gana. With respect to the problematic dhrupada verses, he suggests that they ' represent a transition from true vamavrtta to a degenerate computation of syllables' (pp. 278-9). His analysis is innovative in that it is based not only on meticulous scansion of the written text, but also takes into consideration recordings of traditional musical performance of the padas at a temple assembly (samdja) in Vrindaban. In this context the singers adhere strictly to the metre, in contrast to the more commonly heard solo renditions of padas in a semi-classical or bhajana style. A full transcription of a samdja performance of one pada illustrates how the singers fit the words into a rhythmic cycle and use part of the opening line as a refrain, thus establishing a correspondence in total moric quantity between poetic metre and tdla. This edition also contains a chapter on manuscript affiliations and the language of the text, as well as a section on the allocation of rdgas (which, Snell concludes, were probably apportioned to the hymns some time after their compilation in conformity with the daily astaydma cycle of temple services). It concludes with a discussion of how the four principal commentators have interpreted the text along sectarian lines, with an appendix containing extracts from their commentaries. Some specialists may be disappointed to find that the author has omitted the index verborum that was appended to the thesis version of this edition (a decision justified primarily on the grounds that there are few difficult tadbhava forms in the text), but this study contains much that will be of value for future editors and translators of early Hindi texts.


The literature reviews about hypersensitivity reaction (indifferent of type) presents in animals infected with A. pleuropneumoniae are poorly (1, 4). The majority of the authors consider that this extremely rapid evolution, with pulmonary edema and serohemmorhagic exudates in cavities is due to toxins action on vascular system


The encoding aperture errors with different types and different degrees occurred during the process of encoding aperture by micro-Nano technology. The encoding aperture is a key component of the CSSI, and the analysis of errors in encoding aperture processing provides an important evidence for the CSSI. In this paper, based on the error occurring in the process of encoding aperture, the simulation is established by commercial software FDTD by which the optical field modulation of incident light in the CSSI system is analyzed by comparing the ideal encoding aperture and the error encoding aperture. The simulation results show that there is a significant difference in the optical intensity distribution of incident light modulated by a single error aperture and a single ideal aperture, the optical intensity distribution modulated by the ideal aperture has two distinct peaks at the aperture surface, and the optical intensity distribution modulated by the error aperture is approximately twice as large as by the ideal aperture; the optical intensity distribution modulated by the two type aperture has obvious peaks while leaving the aperture surface, and the optical intensity distribution modulated by the ideal aperture is approximately twice as large as by the error aperture; changing the number of pixels of the encoding aperture, the ideal encoding aperture and the error encoding aperture have little difference in modulation of the incident light; comparing the ideal aperture, as the increasing of the rounded radius of error aperture, the influence of the optical field distribution modulation becomes more obvious.


The Covid-19 pandemic has changed our lives. The first and unexpected lockdown in Italy has seriously upset people daily routine, working organisation, socialisation and interactions with colleagues and relatives. To overcome the physical isolation and collect impressions, the "How are you?" online questionnaire was created and shared as a conversation among friends. Text mining techniques have been applied to almost one hundred replies, to highlight similarities and differences in the experiences lived during the lockdown, changes in daily actions, thoughts and reflections. Our findings show that the lockdown period was experienced as a moment of physical and relational confinement, provoking feelings such as fear, sadness and restlessness concerning the near future. However, it appears that many respondents accepted this lockdown as an opportunity to reorder their own lives, in terms of physical activities such as daily habits, and personal relationships and priorities. The fresco on which the paper is based is unique in terms of time, space, gender and professions. The written conversations took place from mid-March to the end of May 2020, i.e. during a period in which Italy was the first country in Europe to confine people home for all but essential reasons. Selected testimonies have been chosen among women professionals in science, mainly higher education professors and researchers. Since the questionnaire was aimed to collect free narratives, explicitly asked "from a few syllables to pages", it allows to hear researchers' voices, which often risk to remain unheard, and to collect them in a direct, fresh manner, without the constraints of structured questions. Topics covered in the conversations are highly gendered, including working conditions, work-life balance, family care. Moreover, since the initiative stemmed from a women scientists' association, respondents provided interesting inputs regarding both gendered visions of the pandemic before and during it and their expectations afterwards centring on the roles that women play. © The Authors, 2021. All Rights Reserved.


The cast removable partial prosthesis is the choice for the management of unilaterally and bilaterally reduced tooth rows in practice. General constructional aspects concerning the shaping of the saddles and the utilization of the remaining teeth as abutments are treated together with problems of prevention.


Academic self-efficacy is an key factor that influences academic performance.It concerns not merely individual's direction of studying,degree of studying hard and persistence,but also closely correlated with individual's health and future development.For a long time,domestic researches on academic self-efficacy have centered on single or scattered factors,lacking integrated researches.After reviewing the relevant literature,the paper constructed a model concerning the relationship between academic self-efficacy and main relevant factors and proposed ways of developing academic self-efficacy.


Brings forward the requirement of virtual organization on E-government.Using levels protocol, the relationships among integration levels and its forms are analyzed. The service based E-government virtual organization modeling method is put forward. It may well fit the needs of virtual organization management in a highly dynamic and unpredictable environment. The horizontal and vertical combination system model of E-government is built, in order to provide high quality and level service online.


The Z machine at Sandia National Laboratories was recently refurbished to improve capacity, precision, and capability of nearly all of its pulsed power components in each of its thirty-six modules. The goal of this upgrade was to increase the total machine current by 30%, from ~20 MA to 26 MA in 120 ns into a wire-array z-pinch load. Initial design calculations indicated the operating point for an individual gas switch would be 5 MV and 600 kA to meet these design goals. This manuscript discusses design improvements that were required to achieve reliable performance at this level, the highest requirement for an LTGS in history. Significant factors include the electric potential grading along the switch length, the materials used in the switch, and the insulator housing design. It also discusses design criteria for robust SF6 gas switch design. Several design iterations are discussed that address performance improvements for each failure mode.


This paper discusses a technique for achieving supervector performance on a Cray in a purely Fortran environment (i.e., without resorting to assembly language). The technique can be applied to a wide variety of algorithms in linear algebra, and is beneficial in other architectural settings.


Significance Thermoelectric materials generate electricity from temperature gradients. The dimensionless figure of merit, ZT = S2ρ−1κ−1T, is calculated from the Seebeck coefficient (S), electrical resistivity (ρ), and thermal conductivity (κ). The calculated efficiency based on ZT using the conventional formula is not reliable in some cases due to the assumption of temperature-independent S, ρ, and κ. We established a new efficiency formula by introducing an engineering figure of merit (ZT)eng and an engineering power factor (PF)eng to predict reliably and accurately the efficiency of materials at a large temperature difference between the hot and cold sides, unlike the conventional ZT and PF providing performance only at specific temperatures. These new formulas will profoundly impact the search for new thermoelectric materials. The formula for maximum efficiency (ηmax) of heat conversion into electricity by a thermoelectric device in terms of the dimensionless figure of merit (ZT) has been widely used to assess the desirability of thermoelectric materials for devices. Unfortunately, the ηmax values vary greatly depending on how the average ZT values are used, raising questions about the applicability of ZT in the case of a large temperature difference between the hot and cold sides due to the neglect of the temperature dependences of the material properties that affect ZT. To avoid the complex numerical simulation that gives accurate efficiency, we have defined an engineering dimensionless figure of merit (ZT)eng and an engineering power factor (PF)eng as functions of the temperature difference between the cold and hot sides to predict reliably and accurately the practical conversion efficiency and output power, respectively, overcoming the reporting of unrealistic efficiency using average ZT values.


The infrastructure of ASFiNAG is mainly built from reinforced and prestressed concrete, which despite all regular maintenance measures, is subject to ageing and degradation. The major degradation process is chloride attack, followed by carbonation, which both lead to corrosion of the reinforcing steel. A new method, which represents a significant improvement on previous assessments, is used in this paper to analyze chlorides in concrete. The paper also introduces a new concept for the durability assessment by using objective indicators, like chloride content, electrical resistivity, and corrosion potential. For objectivity and a reliable determination of the condition state, an overall performance index derived from the condition indices using an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is adapted. The model is applied to excellent and dense data from a monitoring system and investigations taken from reinforced concrete components beside a motorway.


With the process of expansion and the structural transformation taking place in Bahrain, it is crucial to measure and analyze the growth rates of gross domestic product (GDP), gross output and multifactor productivity (MFP) to develop proper policies that are in line with the new economic vision of Bahrain, known as Vision 2030. Thus, this paper comes with two main objectives: first, to provide explainable estimates for the growth rate of the gross output in the Bahraini economy and secondly to identify the main sources of the growth. The main findings of this study show that the annual growth rate of the gross output in Bahrain ranged from a maximum of about 11.7% in the year 2006 to a minimum of about 7.7% in the year 2002. The average annual growth rate of gross output over the time period 2002–2008 was 9.43%. The empirical findings also show that the MFP's annual growth rate was relatively low over the study time period. Consequently, it could be concluded that the relatively high growth rate of gross output in the Bahraini economy was mainly due to the high growth rate of other inputs (M) over the last few years. The study concludes that there is an urgent need to improve MFP in Bahrain to contribute significantly to the output growth rates. Therefore, the study calls for further research to identify the main components that contribute to the growth of MFP in Bahrain and its decomposition.


Purpose – This study is designed to provide new insights on trade claim management by typifying trade claims from a relational perspective, which defines trade as an organic combination that exchanges relationships based on a mutual goal instead of conflicts between obligations and rights of the contracting parties.

Design/methodology – This is a phenomenological study that aims to typify trade claims based on a relational perspective and extract implications for trade claim management. The research procedures of this study are as follows. First, international commercial dispute cases applying the CISG are collected. Second, the cases collected are quantified through content analysis. The variables for quantification are developed based on a relationship perspective. Third, cluster analysis is conducted on coded data to typify cases. And finally, this study compares the characteristics of each type using analysis of variance and suggests implications for the strategic management of trade claims from a relational perspective.

Findings – Results show that trade claims are divided into four clusters, depending on whether flexibility is accepted or not and which party violates mutuality. There is also a difference between the claimant and the cause of the claim, according to the cluster. Based on the results, this study suggests that the buyer and the seller should employ different strategies depending on the type of trade claim and presents proposals for strategic claim management.

Originality/value – Firstly, this study extends the theoretical discussion on trade claims by applying relational contract theory. Prior studies on trade claims have been primarily based on traditional contract theory. The second is to analyze trade claims quantitatively. Prior case studies on trade claims have mainly relied on qualitative research. Finally, the study contributes to international commercial practice by typifying trade claims and presenting options for strategic management.


By discussing the configuration and working principle of the detector,and the modular electronic system of the He-3 semiconductor sandwich spectrometer,the main two origin reactions which make up the measured signals were presented.In comparison with multi-foil activation technique,a spectra-decomposition method using SAND-Ⅱ algorithm was introduced,and its feasibility was also theoretically verified by a numerical experimentation in the latter part.


Abstract : This paper presents a functional treatment of the existing Department of Defense (DOD) and U.S. Army Aviation Systems Command pricing policies, criteria, procedures, and methodology for assessing appropriate charges on products or technology sales to non-U.S. Government customers. The criteria established apply to U.S. defense contractors when selling products and technology developed with DOD appropriations/funds to a foreign government; They are also applicable to international organizations, foreign commercial firms, or domestic organizations. This paper does not apply to Military Assistance or Grant Aid programs; also surplus or excess Government property is subject to contingencies beyond the scope of this paper.


This paper presented at SITUATION Symposium will focus on two works by the British artist Martin Creed: Work No.227, The lights going on and off (2000) and Work No.200, Half the air in a given space (1998). I will consider the artist's deployment of air in these works as both a material and a metaphor that might enable a productive engagement with thinking about interior spaces in relation to broader questions concerning ecology and the environment. Creed's works will be situated in relation to Peter Sloterdijk's writings on air and atmosphere.

SITUATION is an event – symposium, exhibition and a series of city occupations – initiated and arranged by the RMIT Interior Design program. SITUATION brings attention to the designing of interiors as a practice engaged in spatial and temporal production; a practice that works in the midst of social, cultural, historical and political forces; a practice open to contingency, chance and change; a practice engaged with singularity and specificity.

SITUATION highlights ideas of 'event' and the eventful nature of interiors, lived space-time compositions in constant change; atmospheric compositions as distinct from artefacts; ephemerality; uniqueness; one-offs; a multiplicity of experience. The event aims to contribute to the discipline of interior design at an international level by focusing on these key characteristics of practice, the kinds of research this produces and through this articulates, fosters and advocates opportunities for future practice.


The outsourcing authentication model based on authenticated data structures was proposed.The formal defini-tion,data query authentication protocol and data updating authentication protocol of the model was presented.The crucial problems when the authenticated data structures are being used were analyzed.With designing the new extended coher-ence proof generation algorithm and the new extended verifying algorithm,authenticated data structures in the model very well was used.Finally the model with others through the performance analysis including the security and efficiency,the results of which show that:the model is more efficient than others as well as the consistency and correctness require-ments are also guaranteed.


Anxiety is a normal emotion, though when it escalates to become disruptive and disabling it is classified as an anxiety disorder. Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) is the most common anxiety disorder and is usually managed by GPs. Diagnosis of GAD includes both psychological and somatic symptoms of anxiety of at least 6 months duration and a subjective assessment of the degree of inconvenience and distress. The best treatment approach takes into consideration the individual's physical status, cognitive style, behaviour and environmental issues. (author abstract)


block. Postoperative analgesia was provided with intravenous diclofenac. The onset and duration of sensory and motor blockade, postoperative pain and the time to 1st rescue analgesia was noted. Patients were observed for hypotension, bradycardia, sedation, respiratory depression, pruritus, and postoperative nausea-vomiting. Results: The onset times and the duration of motor blockade were comparable among groups while the time to sensory block regression was longer in group BM and group BF as compared to group B (p p group BM and BF. The incidence of pruritus and vomiting was more in group BF. Conclusions: Addition of midazolam to intrathecal bupivacaine provides prolonged postoperative analgesia similar to intrathecal fentanyl and appears safe in patients undergoing endoscopic urology surgery.


This study is an exploration of literature on perceived competencies of workers in the agriculture industry.  Extensive literature is reviewed on the topic and related to the need of people in the agriculture sector in northern region of Ghana to help facilitate increased production of agriculture produce.  The study sought to identify the current level of competencies possess by extension workers in the northern region and which level of these competencies are used.  Finding of other authors has been reviewed and compared to the current level of competencies possessed by extension workers.  The importance of competencies are revealed as found by researchers in the field of competencies.  A comparison of the literature to the Ghanaian situation is attempted, demonstration of made on how competencies can help facilitate the work of agricultural extension workers.  Conclusions are drawn and key suggestions made to help guide policy makers and financing partners in agriculture to help formulation policies that will help build the needed competencies in people to enable them function well in the agriculture industry in Ghana. This study is based on literature on the subject.   This paper also analyse the relevance of competencies in agriculture extension services delivery. Keywords: Perceived competencies, Extension service, Abilities, Communication, Performance


The potential cost savings from handling software errors within a development cycle, rather than the subsequent cycles, has been estimated at nearly 40 billion dollars by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. This figure emphasizes that current testing methods are often inadequate, and that helping reduce software bugs and errors is an important area of research with a substantial payoff. This is particularly true for the increasingly complex, distributed systems used in many applications from embedded control systems to military command and control systems. These systems may exhibit intermittent or transient errors after prolonged execution that are very difficult to diagnose. This paper explores strategies that combine automated test suite generation techniques with high volume or long sequence testing. Long sequence testing repeats test cases many times, simulating extended execution intervals. These testing techniques have been found useful for uncovering errors resulting from component coordination problems, as well as system resource consumption (e.g. memory leaks) or corruption. Coupling automated test suite generation with long sequence testing could make this approach more scalable and effective in the field.