Motivated by foundry service provisioning in the semiconductor industry, this paper adopts a reverse auction-based mechanism to model job order assignment from a job owner (auctioneers) to a few qualified and competing foundry fabs (bidders). A job order owner announces job requirements and payments for fabs to bid on while qualified fabs bid on a job by offering the discount to payment and processing schedule of the job. This model aims at capturing the non-cooperative gaming among the job owner and the fabs because of the private information such as objectives, valuation of jobs, available capacity and constraints. Two integer-programming formulations are formulated for the reverse auction of job assignment; one is deterministic and models a common practice of mean value-based bidder decision-making while the other is stochastic and captures bidders' consideration of uncertainties and the associated risk in decision-making. A Lagrange relaxation-based, near-optimal scheduling method is developed to model a bidder's selection of job-to-bid and schedule for the deterministic formulation. The bidder's job selection and scheduling model for the stochastic formulation combines simulation and simple heuristics. A bidder decides the discount offer for each job-to-bid by a simple fixed-increment scheme. The auctioneer simply assigns the job to the bid with the highest discount offer in each round of bidding. Analyses show that the reverse auction model leads to an equilibrium solution, where no single bidder would unilaterally deviate from the auction result. Numerical study by using the reverse auction model demonstrates that consideration of uncertainties in bidders' decisions has a larger impact on performance of both bidders and the auctioneer than optimality of the mean value-based bidder scheduling algorithm.


The occurrence, morphology and ultrastructure of the Dufour gland in Melipona bicolor Lepeletier, 1836 are presented. The Dufour gland is not present in workers. In virgin queens the gland cells show characteristics of low activity, which are described in the text. In physogastric queens the gland epithelium is higher and the cells more active than in virgin queens, showing numerous basal plasmic membrane invaginations impregnated by an electrondense material, increased apical invaginations and accumulation of substances that will be released to the gland lumen in the subcuticular space. Therefore, the data show that the Dufour gland is more developed in physogastric than in virgin queens, indicating a possible involvement of the Dufour gland in the reproduction of this species.


ABSTRACT Effects of genotype and environment on (1→3), (1→4)-β-d-glucan (β-glucan) extractability, flour slurry viscosity, and β-glucan polymer fine structure in oats were tested. One environment had a severe negative effect on slurry viscosity as evaluated with a rotational viscometer. Environment also had a strong effect on β-glucan extractability, whereas genotype had no significant effect. Fine structure of β-glucan was evaluated from the frequencies of oligosaccharides from lichenase hydrolysis of the β-glucan polymer. Significant differences in degree of polymerization (DP) fragment frequencies were found associated with both genotype and growth environment. The high-β-glucan cultivar HiFi had lower DP3 fragment frequency and higher frequencies of DP4 and DP6 fragments than other cultivars with moderate β-glucan concentration. Drier environments tended to yield lower DP3 fragment frequencies as well. Drier environments and genotypes with more β-glucan synthetic potential may have provided cellular e...


Objective To determine the causes and treatment outcome of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). Methods A retrospective review was conducted on SJS and TEN cases admitted to Miri General Hospital between year 2011 and 2015. Results Total of ten patients were admitted in five years period, nine cases of SJS and one case of TEN with highest number recorded in 2014 (4 cases). The commonest causative agent was allopurinol (30%).  Among the ten cases, 7 patients were given steroids, 1 patient given intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), 2 patients given both steroids and IVIG. There was a case mortality from SJS secondary to allopurinol after 38 days of admission and patient was given only corticosteroids. Conclusion Allopurinol is the most common causative agent with mortality in Miri General Hospital. Allopurinol should be used judiciously. Combination therapy had tendency to reduce mortality rate in comparison with corticosteroid therapy alone. However, in view of small sample size, efficacy and superiority between treatment of corticosteroids and IVIG cannot be assessed.


Gas samples whose R values(R=3He/4He) are higher than R values of the air were collected from underground brine in the Lop Nur within eastern Tarim Basin of Xinjiang.This shows the contribution of a fluid source with higher R values.It is also revealed that there exists the interaction between the crust fluid and the mantle fluid in the depth of the Lop Nur.The mantle fluid may ascend through active fault belts(for example,the giant Altun fault belt).Besides,the 4He/20Ne ratio of the gas released from the underground brine in the Lop Nur is between 0.572(a little bit higher than that of the air) and 2.105(six times higher than the air 4He/20Ne ratio),which indicates that the brine is relatively open to the atmosphere,i.e.,it is contaminated by near-surface fluid or the air.For comparison,two gas samples were collected from Kuqa Basin(depression) on the northern margin of Tarim Basin,and the analytical result shows lower R value than that of the air,and the 4He/20Ne ratio is 84.8 and 585.3 respectively(dozens of times to several hundred times higher than that of the air).This shows that underground brine in Kuqa Basin comes from the stable deep crust,and its R value hasn't been changed by near-surface fluid.What's more,the 40Ar/36Ar ratio is close to that of the air(295.5) in all noble gas samples,which indicates that the near-surface fluid more or less joins in the transfer and formation of deep original brine,but such effects in Kuqa Basin is not too obvious to change its R value.If the contamination from atmosphere(from the shallow fluid) had been deducted,the R value in underground brine in Lop Nur would have been much higher than the analytical result.This further demonstrates that the mantle source fluid plays a great role in the formation and evolution of underground brine in the Lop Nur.The crust in northwest China is very thick and stable,so mantle source fluid isn't apt to come out to the surface.However,the mantle source fluid can carry material and heat through fault belts,thus affecting the characteristics of the fluid in the crust.


The scattering process occurring when a complex medium is illuminated with a monochromatic light is well known to generate polarization effects on the scattered field which are directly related to the scattering origins, and the scattering regime.


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Interim results of a current study on upgrading the GOES infrared Sounder are presented. Considered are a 15 cm diameter telescope to reduce instrument size and weight, use of a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) interferometer for high spectral wavelength resolution, a small detector focal plane array operating at 65K, and combining the instrument with a microwave sounder. Retrieval performance improvement from the FTIR sounder is estimated.


Water-dispersible graphene quantum dots are synthesised by the hydrothermal method. Graphene quantum dots polypyrrole nanocomposites (PGQDs) are prepared by the chemical oxidation polymerisation method. The properties of the composite were characterised by UV-Visible absorption spectra, transmission electron microscopy, and impedance spectroscopy (temperature from 300 K to 393 K, frequency 20 Hz−1 MHz). The dielectric and modulus parameters were studied and high conductivity of 1.62 S/Cm was observed. A solid-state supercapacitor with a simple structure is designed based on polymer quantum dots composite film using stainless steel electrodes with PVA/KOH gel electrolyte. The performance of the supercapacitor was analysed by using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge curves (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) and Nyquist plot. It was observed that PPY-GQDs supercapacitors exhibited a maximum specific capacitance of 790.3 F/g. The electrochemical properties of the supercapacitor with high flexibility and stability are enhanced by optimising the concentration of electrically conductive substances like polymer gel and an increase in the concentration of GQDs.


: A scheme is outlined to classify watersheds as ecosystems, based on their natural attributes. Two physical factors of the environment, climate and geology, are selected as state factors. Climate is the master factor that supplies energy and water to all ecosystems; geologic structure supplies the materal from which the forces of climate carve landforms to establish ecosystems. At the next lower level, soil and vegetation interact in a succession of transactions to produce a mosaic of tesseras within each watershed. It is these interacting tesseras that moderate climate and store energy within the ecosystem that influences the embedded stream. At the bottom of the scale is the stream with its passive role and inability to interact with the higher factors of the ecosystem. Thus, we have a controlling force consisting of two elements (climate and geology), a reacting force (soil and vegetation) that responds by circular conditioning to controlling forces, and at the lowest level, the stream which responds to all factors of the living system within its watershed.


Once there lived a little man who did not have a beautiful studio with a perfect north light made of factory sash. He worked in the caves and forests. He made his own pots and bowls and his own furnishings when he needed them. Later he built houses for himself and then many other houses and even cities. He cut up his own tiger skins to wear and joined the pieces together with thorns and bones. He and his fellow creatures belonged to only one club; in fact each carried his own.


We show that, despite a large difference in lattice constants, high-quality InN∕AlN heterostructures can be formed on Si(111) due to the existence of "magic" ratios between the lattice constants of comprising material pairs: 2:1 (Si∕Si3N4), 5:4 (AlN∕Si), and 8:9 (InN∕AlN). For InN growth on AlN with nitrogen polarity, by using reflection high-energy electron diffraction and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, we have found that the pseudomorphic to commensurate lattice transition occurs within the first monolayer of growth, resulting in an abrupt heterojunction at the atomic scale. This new route of lattice match allows the formation of commensurate and nearly strain-free interface with a common two-dimensional superlattice.


The use of sensor–based systems in animal husbandry is an objective way of better controlling and evaluating animal behaviour and reactions and their alteration in time under the prevailing husbandry system. Animal reactions are possible indicators for animal health or can be used as decision guidance in production processes. Animal monitoring systems provide information about animal health contributes to economy and animal welfare. Recent animal husbandry systems demand intensive physiological performance, leading to an enormous sensibility of the organism. Milk secretion in the dairy cow has a high metabolic priority and is clearly maintained at the cost of other reproductive and metabolic processes. Most common diseases are reproductive disorders, mastitis, metabolic disorders (such as ketosis) and lameness. Health problems in dairy cows are important for farmers because they result in losses of milk yield, lead to treatment costs and detrimental to animal welfare. These problems are often results of insufficient energy intake. Numerous studies have shown a strong correlation between dry matter intake (DMI) post partum and incidences of clinical disorders. Regarding these correlations, the project "feedwatch" analyses the feeding behaviour of dairy cows (duration of feed intake, frequency of feed intake) during the transition period and early lactation. Based on previous studies a new monitoring system will be established, focussing on feeding behaviour and its alteration in time by individual identification. The aim of the study is to build new models in order to get


The COVID19 pandemic, however, put obstacles in the way of all supply chains, completely disrupting world food trade. The war in Ukraine then made the price of fossil fuels more expensive, raising the price of transport and fertilizers, with a direct effect on food. Before, during and after these situations, climate change. And with heat, fires, droughts and floods, agricultural production is at best reduced.


Based on the analyzing of foreign master budget management practices,this article propose several ways to advance china enterprises level of master budget management.It includes the deciding of budgeting goals,establishing of budgeting guide line,optimizing of budgeting organizing,selecting of budgeting modes and budgeting process,designing of enterprises culture.


Life test sampling plans requiring minimum sample size are desirable in industries for lot of quality assurance. Such plans have been proposed by making use of the past information for the Weibull distributed lifetimes. Other than Weibull, in many situations, lifetimes are positively skewed and fit the generalized exponential distribution well. In this paper, we present life test sampling plans requiring minimum sample size when lifetimes follow the generalized exponential distribution. We provide tables for the selection of appropriate life test sampling plan with respect to the choices of the producer's and consumer's risks. We also explain their applications on real life examples. R code used for estimation of plan parameters and acceptance probabilities is given in appendix.


This article discusses the role that local politicians played during the 2002 Hindu–Muslim violence in Gujarat, India. I argue that the capacity and interests of political actors to instigate and organise communal rioting is closely related to their capacity to provide access to state resources. The cooperation during the riots between politicians and various types of rioters – from local criminals, Hindu-nationalist activists, neighbourhood leaders to police officials – can be understood in the light of the daily functioning of the local patronage networks that help citizens deal with state institutions.


This study links idiosyncratic deals (i-deals) to job design theory. It investigates the impact of individually negotiated job changes on performance, self-efficacy, and psychological strain through their intervening effects on work design. Based on a sample of 187 health care professionals employed by a hospital in Germany, three types of work design-related i-deals were investigated: (1) task, (2) career, and (3) flexibility i-deals. Consistent with hypotheses, the three types of i-deal had differential effects on work characteristics, and each in turn related to different outcomes. Specifically, job autonomy mediated the task i-deals—job performance relationship; skill acquisition mediated the career i-deals—occupational self-efficacy relationship; and reduced work overload mediated the flexibility i-deals—emotional and affective irritation relationships. Leader–Member Exchange was confirmed as an antecedent of all three types of i-deals. Task, career, and flexibility i-deals are discussed as ways to make work more intrinsically motivating, ensure one's professional advancement, and balance workplace stressors.


Routes for the synthesis of scyllo-inositol tris-and tetrakis-phosphates and 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate from myo-inositol have been devised. For DL-scyllo-inositol 1,2,4-trisphosphate, DL-1-O-allyl 1–3,6-di-O-benzyl-4,5-O-isopropylidene-scyllo-inositol was prepared from the triflate of DL-1-O-allyl-3,6-di-O-benzyl-4–5-O-isopropylidene-myo-inositol by inversion at C-2. Removal of the isopropylidene group and phosphorylation gave the protected trisphosphate. Deblocking with sodium in liquid ammonia afforded racemic scyllo-inositol 1,2,4-trisphosphate. DL-1-O-Allyl-3,6-di-O-benzyl-4,5-O-isopropylidene-scyllo-inositol was resolved into its enantiomers by means of the crystalline 2-O-camphanate ester. The structure of one diastereoisomer, 1D-O-allyl-3,6-di-O-benzyl-2-O-[(–)-camphanate]-4,5–0-isopropylidene-scyllo-inositol was determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. 1D-(+)-1-O-Allyl-3,6-di-O-benzyl-4,5-O-isopropylidene-scyllo-inositol was used to prepare 1L(–)-scyllo-inositol 1,2,4-trisphosphate in a fashion analogous to the racemic modification. DL-1-O-Allyl-3,6-di-O-benzyl-scyllo-inositol was isomerised to the (Z)-prop-1-enyl derivative. The propenyl group was then removed to give the meso-1,4-di-O-benzyscyllo-inositol. Phosphitylation followed by oxidation or sulfoxidation gave the fully protected tetrakis-phosphate or -phosphorothioate, respectively. After deblocking and purification, scyllo-inositol 1,2,4,5-tetrakisphosphate and scyllo inositol 1,2,4,5-tetrakisphosphorothioate were obtained.
 DL-1-O-Allyl-3,6-di-O-benzyl-4,5-O-isopropylidene-scyllo-inositol was isomerised to the 1-O-[(Z)-prop-1-enyl] derivative which was converted into the 2-O-triflate. Displacement of the triflate using tetrabutylammonium fluoride proceeded with inversion of configuration to give DL-3,6-di-O-beflzyl-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-4,5-O-isopropylidene-1-O-([(Z)-prop-1-eny]-myo-inositol. Removal of propenyl and isopropylidene groups afforded DL-3,6-di-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-myo-inositol, which was phosphitylated and the product oxidised to give the fully protected 2-fluoro trisphosphate. Deprotection furnished DL-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. These compounds will be useful probes for investigation of the polyphosphoinositide pathway of cellular signalling.


This paper is a report on a study of the elastic properties of the human mandible. Using a continuous-wave ultrasound technique, we determined the elastic constants of ten small specimens taken from various locations within a single mandible. Seven of the nine independent orthotropic elastic constants were determined for each specimen. The data indicate that human mandibular bone is elastically homogeneous but anisotropic. In the elastic properties it exhibits, it is similar to, if slightly less stiff than, human and canine femora. Indeed, elastically it seems like a long bone bent into the shape of a horseshoe.


The need to study the development of business entities in the context of individual categories of industrial parks is connected with different concepts of their development and territorial expansion. The suggested methodological approach to assessment of sustainability level of the business firms functioning in the system of industrial parks includes the following main stages: grouping of industrial parks and the selection of representatives of the groups; rating assessment of stability level of firms functioning in the system of industrial parks; grouping of businesses by the level of sustainability. The technique was tested on data from 150 industrial parks. The results of the implementation of the suggested approach show that more vulnerable positions are typical of businesses operating as part of industrial parks as "greenfield" companies. At the same time, the highest proportion of businesses with a low stability level is typical of developing parks, which indicates the need to expand the range of incentives for these businesses. The most stable cluster of entrepreneurs is business entities of developing parks such as "brownfield" companies. Entrepreneurs operating within developed parks as "brownfield" firms are characterized by a satisfactory level of sustainability. The proportion of entrepreneurial structures with a low stability level remains quite high, which indicates the need to adapt the development strategy of business entities in the system of such structures. The results obtained made it possible to identify the most vulnerable groups to risks, business entities and can be used to form a strategy for their sustainable development in the system of industrial parks.


In the past few decades' tourism has played a major role in the EU and global economies. By the estimates of UNWTO tourism is accounted for 9% of the world economy's GDP, and it's considered the third largest socio-economic sector after the period of the financial crisis. More so tourism's impact on the economic and social development of a country can be enormous; opening it up for business, trade and capital investment, creating jobs and entrepreneurialism for the workforce and protecting heritage and cultural values. However, measuring the exact impact of the tourism and tourism related activities on the GDP poses a serious challenge. Even though the impact of the tourism on the GDP is highly recognized the correct measurements of his impact differ from country to country depending of their national practices and their legal framework. Also, the impact of tourism is widely spread and besides the direct impact on the GDP and, tourism also contributes with indirect impact to a variety of other socio economic categories, which makes it more difficult to estimate the total impact.


Operating room (OR) management has been used to improve utilization, efficiency, reduction in overtime, and other costs of operations and to help improve staff satisfaction. Success has been variable, to be sure. In my prior institution, first case on-time starts (FCOTS) were addressed with little success. As a result, we saw surgical groups leaving the institution because of persistent delays in OR start times and a resultant reduction in the number of OR cases, leading to the eventual closure of OR rooms. Allen, Taaffe, Neilley, and Busby point out optional tools that are being used to improve FCOTS. These include training; organizational changes; and specific methods such as the clockwork operating room efficiency model and others—all of which are measured by the patient in-room time with a small grace period. The inclusion of a grace period creates the expectation that there will be acceptable delays. The authors describe a novel approach to define and measure FCOTS. They propose the use of incision time without a grace period when calculating the percentage of ontime starts. They also include in the data the patient in-room milestone for comparison. The authors point out that at their partnering hospital, a large Level I trauma center, there may be delays in FCOTS after the patient is in the OR due to patient complexity. The study was able to account for the complexity of a case by stratification of the patients and setting in-room milestones based on the defined complexity. Patients determined to be complex by nature of the case, comorbidities, or positioning were scheduled to be in the room 45 min prior to incision start time. "Simple" (noncomplex) patients were to be in the room 30 min prior to incision. Likewise, staff were required to complete tasks such as updating the history and physical in a specific time frame prior to case start. In addition to patient complexity, the authors found other reasons for delays. Some of the reasons are readily correctable, some less so. Correctable reasons identified include missing or contaminated equipment, consent issues, and waiting on lab results or staff. Addressing these correctable delays by the department or organization will further improve FCOTS. Delays in other OR-related areas—preop and transportation service issues, transfers from other areas of the facility, and so forth—can likewise affect FCOTS. Other reasons for delay that are less correctable include patient delay, difficult airway, and


The problem of considering time in knowledge-based real-time process control is considered. It is suggested that a qualitative reasoning method and a temporal logic should be combined in one system. Many of the problems can be attacked at the level of knowledge structure and knowledge organisation. Therefore, it is proposed that the knowledge bases be extended with a short history structure to incorporate the extra dimension of time. At the same time it is desired to leave the option of employing a qualitative representation scheme or a temporal logic. This strategy has implications on the short history structure. That structure is described.


The major effort was on the design of the second generation thermobalance. The major component of the system, the balance, has been specified. An external method of weighing has been chosen in preference to weighing the samples with a mass transducer placed within the reactor. This procedure will permit the use of larger sample sizes, give greater accuracy of mass measurements and product gas composition, will provide a more reliable, trouble-free instrument, and should permit rapid sample heatup rates. The presently existing reactor, i.e., the old thermobalance with the balance assembly removed, is being used to obtain data on potassium and calcium catalyzed chars. It is too early to make firm conclusions. However, some trends are evident, i.e., the apparent suppression of primary methane yield with potassium carbonate as a catalyst and the apparent enhancement of primary methane yield with calcium carbonate catalysis under steam gasification.


The development objective of the Second Private Sector Competitiveness and Economic Diversification Project for Lesotho is to contribute to increased private sector investments, firm growth, and jobs created in non- traditional sectors. Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) consult with community to ensure acceptance of mitigation, options include: gates or construction of fences that allows access to community to traverse project site; (2) study site to determine whether it is possible to mitigate and prevent further erosion. Ensure that project does not contribute to erosion in any way; and (3) develop additional water sources, engage in rainwater harvesting, or potentially reject site.


Abstract The establishment of a dune preservation district is a means to employ land use controls to favor creation of natural dunes designed to provide protection to shorefront structures and to serve as wildlife habitat. The application of dune district zoning is derived from a conceptual framework that analyzes the numerous factors contributing to dune formation and modification and that incorporates appropriate uses of this dynamic environment. The establishment of a preservation district requires an analysis of the physical processes and the cultural modifications that affect dune formation and shoreline migration. This information can be used to determine the appropriate dune characteristics necessary for adequate protection and the maintenance required to continue to provide this protection.


The convolution product associated with the Fourier-Jacobi wavelet transformation is investigated. Certain norm inequalities for the convolution product are established.


Recently scholars around the globe have noted the importance of entrepreneurship in creating job opportunities and socio-economic development in both developed and developing economies. Despite this importance, there is lack of research in developing countries regarding antecedents of individuals' entrepreneurial intentions. Using theoretical framework of social cognitive theory, this research aims to study the effects of family background, personality traits, and self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intentions. To this end, a sample comprised of n = 374 final year university students was utilized to test the hypothesized relationships by employing partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique. The findings suggest a significant positive impact of family background, personality traits, and self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intentions. In conclusion, the implications of research findings are discussed in detail.


In this paper, we present applications of the calculus developed in (9), and ob- tain an exact formula for the moments of random quantum channels whose input is a pure state thanks to gaussianization methods. Our main application is an in-depth study of the random matrix model introduced by Hayden and Winter and used recently by Brandao, Horodecki, Fukuda and King to refine the Hastings counterexample to the additivity conjec- ture in Quantum Information Theory. This model is exotic from the point of view of random matrix theory, as its eigenvalues obey to two different scalings simultaneously. We study its asymptotic behavior and obtain an asymptotic expansion for its von Neumann entropy.


This paper addresses Joseph Heath's attempt to derive moral obligations from the conditions that are specified by the model of the perfectly competitive market. Through his market failures approach to business ethics he argues that firms should behave as if they are operating in a perfectly competitive market. However, I argue that this derivation of moral obligations runs counter to the metaethical principle that moral actions need to be voluntarily chosen from a set of alternatives. To the extent that Milton Friedman's derivation follows the same lines, my objection is also applicable to his approach to business ethics. I bring out the fact that the conditions required by the model of the perfectly competitive market cannot be realized in the actual world and argue that this causes problems for any moral obligations that might follow. My objection is illustrated by an intuitive example of someone set to an impossible task. I also bring in a way that Heath could work around this objection, but I argue that this would imply the collapse of his approach into another kind of theory that he wishes to distinguish himself from. More deeply, I show that my metaethical objection has epistemological consequences that undermine the very basis of the model of the perfectly competitive market. I conclude by stating that we need a different conception of competition, pointing to the facts that such a perspec-tive would need to take into account, and suggesting that the concept of rivalry is up to the job.


Objective:McAb were combined in order to gain certain kinds of McAb cocktail that could improve the reactivities, overcome the heterogeneity of antigen expression and increase the carrier effects of McAb. Methods:It was observed that the single McAb and McAb cocktail reacted with human gastric cancer cell lines by ELISA, FCM. Results:The positive rate of the single McAb 3G 9and BB 4.3 was respectivey 74.2% and 54.9%. The positive rate of the cocktail was 97.4%(P0 01). MFI of the single McAb 3G 9 and BB 4.3 was respectively 53.6 and 65.8. MFI of the cocktail was 125.5(P0 01). Conclusion:The reactivities could be improved and the heterogeneity of antigen expression may be overcome by the using of the rational cocktail of McAb with human gastric cancer cell lines, thus the carrier effects of McAb would be improved.


The study examined Influence of School Supervision Strategies on Teachers' Job Performance in Senior Secondary Schools in Rivers State. The study adopted descriptive survey design. Four research questions and four hypotheses were drawn for the study. The population consists of 7425 teachers and 268 principals. The sample size for the study was 569 respondents selected using Taro Yemen. The instrument was titled, Supervision Strategies and Teachers' Job Performance Questionnaire (SSTJPQ). A seventeen (17) structured items was designed on a 4-point scale of :Very High Extent (VHE), High Extent (HE), Very Low Extent (VLE), Low Extent (LE). Reliability coefficients yielded the results of 0.91, 0.68, 0.80, 0.85 and 0.88 respectively. Thus, 569 copies of the questionnaire were distributed and 440 copies retrieved. Specifically, mean scores were used to answer the research questions while Z-test was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Findings indicated both teachers and principals perceived that classroom visitation and demonstration as supervision strategies contributes to a very high extent to teachers' job performance. The study also found that there was no significant difference in the mean responses of teachers and principals on the extent by which classroom visitation and demonstration as supervision strategies that influence teachers' job performance in the study area. Based on the results, it was recommended that post primary school management board should always sensitize supervisors on certain criteria of carrying out supervision for the realization of the basic objectives as well as assisting teachers to improve their teaching skills.


We present an example of a uniformly bounded divergence free vector field a(x).∂x on R 3 which has the property that the linear transport equation


Abstract : The Army needs helicopter noise source emission data for use in the Installation Compatible Use Zone (ICUZ) program and for environmental assessments. This research gathered noise source emission data for the OH-58D helicopter. The data were normalized to 250 ft for use in noise maps. The data were also used to develop sound exposure level (SEL) versus distance curves for comparison with other helicopter data. The data show that the A-weighted maximum noise level increases with airspeed for level flight, but the A weighted SEL increases only slightly. The highest A-weighted maximum level was produced by the out-of-ground effect hover. Landings produce the largest A-weighted SEL.


The use of legume cover crops as green manures is a means of reducing the amount of N fertilizer used in corn (Zea mays L.) production, but has not been adequately tested in the upper Midwest. A field study was conducted from 1989 to 1993 near Arlington, WI, to determine the value of legume cover crops in a 2-yr oat (Avena sativa L.)/legume-corn rotation. The objectives of this study were to identify the most productive legume species and planting method to be used with oat, to measure the effect on subsequent corn grain yield, and to evaluate the economic viability of oat/legume-corn rotations. Corn yields following the legumes were compared with those of corn following oat without a legume, using six rates of N fertilizer to estimate the fertilizer replacement value of the legumes. Maximum seeding year N yields (tops and roots) were produced by medium red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) companion seeded with oat, and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) seeded after oat harvest. Averaged over years, these two cover crop options yielded 118 Ib N/acre in the seeding year. Mean corn grain yields (bushels per acre) following these two legumes were 163 for red clover and 167 for hairy vetch. Estimated fertilizer replacement values of these legumes ranged from 65 to 103 Ib N/acre. Gross margins (2-yr rotation mean) of these oat/legume-corn rotations were $166/acre using red clover and $153/acre using hairy vetch and were similar to those obtained with an oat-corn and continuous corn rotation where corn was grown with 160 Ib fertilizer N. These results indicate a great potential for reducing fertilizer N inputs in corn production by using legume cover crops, without economic penalty for producers who adopt the practice.


For patients in the early stages of multiple sclerosis (MS), low levels of vitamin D were found to strongly predict disease severity and hasten its progression, according to a study online January 20, 2014 in JAMA Neurology.


This study describes the characteristics of the new undergrad course designed for Polivirtual high school candidates. It describes the pedagogic principals developed to increase a long term comprehension of basic digital skills, needed for distant learning students. It explains the differences between the first undergrad course, designed for the IPN (National Polytechnic Institute) distant learning high school candidates in 2008, and the 2016 course, showing the elements that were kept in the new design. The new course is part of a multiplatform strategy, which will be available in 2016 for current students, part time students, as well as, IPN distant learning high school candidates. The aim of the course is enabling sites and technological tools, so that the student community can efficiently access permanent resources that will assist them on their distant learning courses, from the moment they intend to enroll in high school till the end of their academic life.


Political and Ideological Dimension of the 1948 Conflict Between the Soviet Union and Yugoslav in the Light of the Reports of Belgian Diplomats

The article concerns the conflict between Tito and Stalin in 1948. The aim of the article is to define how the Belgian diplomacy perceived the split between the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia, and, above all, how it diagnosed its causes and effects. Moreover, the analysis of Belgian diplomatic documents shows the great importance that Western countries attached to the first major breach in the Eastern bloc.


According to LDB/1996, it is the Union's duty to evaluate and supervise higher education programs. The purpose of this text is to discuss the evaluation mechanisms used to evaluate undergraduate programs: INEP's evaluation of teaching conditions (ACE). ACE is an evaluation procedure used for periodically accrediting undergraduate programs - a requirement for issuing diplomas. The analysis here presented was based on documents produced by INEP, reports produced by ACE's commissions, besides interviews with INEP's specialists, and with members of commissions of various fields of knowledge. Initially the text presents some information about the history and objectives of ACE, followed by a discussion of the criteria used for screening and training evaluators, the Commission's procedures (evaluation instruments, on site evaluations, reports, etc.), concluding with the evaluation of ACE's contribution and limitations.


Fertilization greatly influences soil structure and nutrients accumulation in soil aggregates. In this study, the effects of long-term fertilization on aggregates composition and total nitrogen stock in a reddish paddy soil in the subtropical area of China were investigated. The fertilization treatments included CK(without fertilization), NK(nitrogen and potassium fertilizer application), NPK(balanced application of nitrogen, phosphorous,and potassium fertilizers), LOM(combined application of NPK and 30% organic manure fertilizers) and HOM(combined application of NPK and 60% organic manure fertilizers). Undisturbed soil samples in two layers were collected and then separated into five aggregate-size classes(5 mm, 2~5 mm, 0.5~2 mm, 0.25~0.5 mm, 0.25mm) by the dry sieving method. The amount and storage of nitrogen in each aggregate fraction were measured.The results indicate that the 5 mm blocky fraction was the dominant aggregates component, accounting for65.7%~83.4% of dry soil mass in the two layers. It sequestrated 63.1%~82.7% of the total nitrogen in the soils and is considered the major carrier of soil nitrogen. Deeper in the soil, the content of 5 mm blocky fraction increased, while the percentages of the other aggregate-size groups decreased. For each soil layer, the contents of soil total nitrogen in different sizes of soil aggregates were significantly different and increased in the order of 5mm, 2~5 mm, 0.5~2 mm, 0.25~0.5 mm, and decreased from 0.25~0.5 mm to 0.25 mm. However, the total nitrogen storage value first decreased and then increased and the minimum value occurred in the size group of 0.25~0.5 mm. Compared to the CK treatment, long-term fertilization was in favor of increasing the proportion of aggregates in the size group of 0.25~5 mm, while reducing the aggregate fractal dimensions. Moreover, the total soil nitrogen contents and storages in 0.25~5 mm aggregates and in the whole soils were increased significantly(P0.05) after fertilizer application and the effects show an increasing sequence of NKNPKLOMHOM.There was a significant positive correlation between the contents of 2~5 mm aggregates and total nitrogen storages in the soils, suggesting that the newly enriched organic nitrogen mostly appeared in 2~5 mm aggregates. Overall, in comparison with the plow pan, the amounts and total nitrogen contents of different aggregates in the plough layer were more sensitive to fertilization. The NPK fertilizers mixed with organic manure application greatly(P0.05) promoted the total nitrogen storages in the plow pan and the whole soil layers when compared to single chemical fertilizer application and can be considered the best fertilization mode for improving soil structure and nitrogen fertility and that can be widely applied in the reddish paddy soil distrribution areas in subtropical China.


Euphemism is not only a linguistic phenomenon, but also a social and cultural one. This paper introduces fundamental knowl edge of euphemism and attempts to compare the similarities between the English euphemism and Chinese euphemism from four aspects. It concludes by affirming that though belonging to different language systems, the two euphemisms share many common features in terms of the purpose of use, the range of use, the style as well as formation.


During most of the time that the search for antiviral chemotherapeutic agents has been in progress, the question was constantly present whether available laboratory methods bore sufficient relationship to natural infections to be of any value in the discovery of useful antiviral drugs. Apart from the effects of antibiotics on certain "large viruses," there was considerable doubt whether antiviral chemotherapy was, in fact, feasible. Recently, evidence has been obtained for antiviral activity in man of 5-iod0-2'-deoxyuridine,~ N-methylisatin-p-thiosemicarbazone,2 and 1-adamantanamine hydrochloride3s4 (amantadine hydrochloride, FIGURE 1 * ).These significant findings were of special interest to the laboratory investigators who had worked with these agents with the expectation that the antiviral activity established in model systems would be borne out in the clinic. An early clinical study with amantadine was carried out by Jackson, Muldoon, and Akers,3 who had developed a rigidly controlled serological response technique for evaluating the anti-influenza activity of drugs in human volunteers given an experimental challenge. Their study demonstrated the anti-influenza activity of amantadine in man, and also provided direct evidence for the validity of their method for drug evaluation, through the establishment of a clear-cut serological response of the volunteers to 200 mg. daily doses of amantadine HCI when treatment was started prior to challenge. Confirmation of these results in a second challenge study is reported elsewhere in this Anna1 by Stanley, Muldoon, Akers, and J a c k s ~ n . ~ Another early clinical evaluation4 of amantadine HCI demonstrated the protective effect of the drug against naturally occurring human influenza. This double-blind, placebo-controlled study was carried out with the cooperation of Albert M. Kligman of the University of Pennsylvania, who arranged for participation by a group of prisoner volunteers, and of Merrill J. Snyder of the University of Maryland, who performed the serological tests. Amantadine HCl was tested for both prophylactic and therapeutic effects in comparison with a placebo in a total of 849 Volunteers, during an epidemic among the prisoners of upper respiratory infection, later established as Asian influenza by serological methods. The dosage of amantadine HCl was 200 mg. taken orally once a day. The therapeutic trial involved 55 patients with acute respiratory illness. No difference was demonstrated between the effects of amantadine and placebo, but since the ten-day treatment did Vot start on the average before the third day of clinical illness, the test conditions may not have been suitable for evaluating therapeutic efficacy. The prophylactic phase of the study was carried out with 794 healthy volunteers given amantadine HCI or placebo for 13 or 14 days during the period of the epidemic. The subjects were seen daily, and each took his medication under close observation and individual supervision. Manifestations of respiratory illness were recorded, and blood specimens were obtained on the first or second day of


The present investigation was carried out involving thirty two genotypes of brinjal with a view to estimate the extent of variability, heritability and genetic advance in per cent of mean. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design with three replications during Kharif, 2020-21. The analysis of variance revealed that mean sum of squares due to genotypes were highly significant for all the traits indicating ample variation among the genotypes for all the traits. High magnitudes of PCV and GCV were observed for some quality traits like non-reducing sugar (34.80% and 34.69%) and ascorbic acid (20.21% and 20.18%). Moderate PCV and GCV were recorded for total fruit yield per plant (16.05% and 15.35%), average fruit weight (16.01% and 15.78%), reducing sugars (14.53% and 14.45%), number of primary branch per plant (13.68% and 13.23%), total phenol content (12.88% and 12.81%) and total sugars (12.14% and 12.07%). While, low PCV and GCV were recorded in fruit circumference (8.34% and 7.71%), total soluble solid (8.04% and 7.79%), days to 50% flowering (7.98% and 7.24%), fruit polar length (7.50% and 4.25%) and number of fruits per plant (6.73% and 6.05%). High estimates of heritability >75% were recorded for all the characters except days to first fruit harvest (59%).The heritability in broad sense ranged from 59 % in case of day to first fruit harvest to 99.90 %for ascorbic acid. High heritability (> 75 %) coupled with high genetic advance in per cent of mean (> 20) were recorded for ascorbic acid (99.90% and 41.50%), non-reducing sugar (99.00% and 71.21%), reducing sugars (99.00% and 29.61%), total phenol content (99.00% and 26.22%), total sugars (99.00% and 24.74 %), average fruit weight (97.00% and 32.03%), number of primary branch per plant (94.00% and 26.37%), total fruit yield per plant (92.00% and 30.26%) and plant height (90.00% and 22.16%)indicating that these traits were less influenced by environment. Thus, there exists ample genetic variability and as consequence scope of improvement in the available germplasm of brinjal.


The imbalance number of rapid vehicles with transportation facilities has become the problem. In Denpasar, Indonesia, the congestion during peak hours happens so often. Based on the department of transportation in Denpasar, Indonesia, the number of vehicle ownership in Bali is 4.1 million in condition with a ratio of one resident to one vehicle with the current population of Bali Province approximately 4.2 million. Our study aim to measure the air chemical parameters of CO, O3, SO2, NO2 and the physical parameters of the noise level. The research population is the atmosphere environment in the Denpasar City area. The research sample points were taken in the city center and the outskirts of Denpasar, with a total of 27 sample points. We employed impinge to get the airborne chemical gases and it is all analyzed with a spectrophotometer. We used a sound level meter to measure the ambient noise level. The data analysis was performed with free sample t test. The average ambient air chemistry obtained CO 517.34 µgr/Nm3, O3 0.17 µgr/Nm3, SO2 61.46 µgr/Nm3 and NO2 2.51 µgr/Nm3 and an average noise level 67.66 dBA. The number has found below the requirements Environmental Quality Standards and Environmental Damage Standard Criteria by Bali Governor. There is a difference in the mean parameters of CO, SO2, NO2 and ambient noise level in the downtown area. The average CO is 757.15 µgr/Nm3, SO2 67.60 µgr/Nm3, NO2 3.77 µgr/Nm3 and the noise level is 68.53 dBA with Denpasar outskirts mean CO 217.57 µgr/Nm3, SO2 53.79 µgr/Nm3, NO2 0.95 µgr/Nm3 and noise level 66.57 dBA. There is no difference in the average ambient O3 in the city center area with an average of 0.22 µgr/Nm3 with the outskirts of Denpasar an average of 0.11 µgr/Nm3.


Wolfe, J. M. (2013). When is it time to move to the next raspberry bush? Foraging rules in human visual search. Journal of Vision, 13(3), 1–17. • Moving item displays are an effective method for investigating visual foraging • Moving item displays reduce spatial search systamaticity • Searchers ignored the quality of the upcoming trial when deciding when to quit • In Hybrid Foraging, searchers make runs of one target type before switching to to another target type • Anecdotally, these experiments are way more fun than our usual static search experiments! Task: Get a high rate of point accumulation • Two patches of moving dots appear side-by-side • Left patch is the active search display, right patch is a preview of the next trial • Preview was absent on 25% of trials • Initial set size of 48 dots/patch • Dots worth 0–16 points; greener was always better • 36 different patches with different mean greenness • "Next" button advanced the trial, with the preview moving left to the active side Task: Achieve a set point goal to complete the experiment • Four target items: • Display sizes of 60, 80, 100, & 120 • 20–30% inital target prevalance on each trial • Choosing an item removed it from the display, +2 points for Hits, –1 point for FAs • "Next" button advanced the trial


The spectrum of the A 2Πg←X 2Πu 000 band system of the triacetylene cation and isotopic derivatives DC6H+ and C6D2+ have been studied at Doppler-limited resolution using frequency modulation absorption spectroscopy. The ions were generated in a liquid-nitrogen-cooled hollow cathode discharge incorporated in a White cell. A discharge modulation in combination with the frequency modulation technique was used to enhance the detection sensitivity. Analyses of the rotational structure yield accurate rotational and spin-orbit interaction constants of triacetylene cation in the two electronic states and information on its geometry.


We have exploited the universality of the molecular mechanisms that control entry into mitosis to clone the Drosophila melanogaster homologues of fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe cell division control (cdc) genes by the complementation of temperature sensitive mutations. The Drosophila genes were expressed in S.pombe as cDNAs from the SP6 promoter. Successful recovery of complementing plasmids required that we first 'adapt' pooled plasmids from a Drosophila embryonic cDNA library for propagation in fission yeast by introducing an ars1‐LEU2 DNA fragment into the vector. This library was introduced into S.pombe cdc2 and cdc25 mutants, and plasmids isolated carrying cDNAs that complement these mutations. The gene that encodes the Drosophila cdc2 homologue maps to a single locus in the Drosophila genome at 31E on chromosome 2. It is expressed maternally to provide mRNA in syncytial embryos, and appears to be zygotically expressed in mitotically active regions of the cellularized embryo. We have isolated two different cDNAs that complement cdc25‐22. One corresponds to a transcript of string, previously described as the Drosophila homologue of cdc25, and the other to a gene that has not been previously characterized.


We have presented some practical consequences on the molecular‐dynamics simulations arising from the numerical algorithm published recently in paper [1]. The algorithm is not a finite‐difference method and therefore it could be complementary to the traditional numerical integrating of the motion equations. It consists of two steps. First, an analytic form of polynomials in some formal parameter λ (we put λ = 1 after all) is derived, which approximate the solution of the system of differential equations under consideration. Next, the numerical values of the derived polynomials in the interval, in which the difference between them and their truncated part of smaller degree does not exceed a given accuracy ε become the numerical solution. The particular examples, which we have considered, represent the forced linear and nonlinear oscillator and the 2D Lennard–Jones fluid. In the latter case we have restricted to the polynomials of the first degree in formal parameter λ.


A rapid and simple immuno-chromatographic assay was developed to detect aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The assay was based on a modified competitive binding format using colloidal gold and polyclonal antibody (Pab) conjugates. The anti-AFB1 Pab was immobilized to a defined detection zone on a porous nitrocellulose membrane and colloidal gold particles were conjugated to AFB1-BSA which served as a detection reagent. The AFB1-containing sample was added to the membrane and allowed to move with AFB1-BSA-coated particles dried on the conjugation pad. The mixture was then passed along the porous membrane by capillary action past the Pab in the detection zone, which captured AFB1 or AFB1-BSA. AFB1 in the sample inhibits binding of AFB1-BSA conjugated gold particles to the Pab and prevents formation of a red color dot. In the absence of AFB1, AFB1-BSA conjugated gold particles bound to the Pab, give a red color within this detection zone. With this method, 10 μg/mL of AFB1 was detected in less than 10 min. The developed AFB1 assay also showed no cross reaction to Ochratoxin A (OTA).


Control of an experimental in-line pH process exhibiting varying nonlinearity and deadtime is described. A radial basis function (RBF) artificial neural network is used to model the nonlinear dynamics of the process. Accommodation of the varying process deadtime in the neural model is achieved by the generation of a feed-forward signal, for input to the neural network, from a downstream pH measurement. The feedforward signal is derived from a variable delay model based on process knowledge and a flow measurement. The neural model is then used to realise a predictive control scheme for the process. Development of the neural process model is described and results are presented to illustrate the performance of the neural predictive control scheme which is tested as a regulator at different setpoints.


The energy profile for the pseudorotational process of pyrrolidine has been investigated with several ab initio computational methods, and both stable conformers and transition states have been characterized. Theoretical calculations show that pseudorotation is the path preferred for interconversion between the N–H axial and equatorial forms, with a barrier of approximately 0.6 kcal mol–1. MP2/6-31G** results agree acceptably well with the experimental data from microwave spectroscopy, electron diffraction and vibrational frequencies, which suggest that electron correlation is needed to obtain a reliable description of the conformational preferences. The existence of a free-pseudorotation region predicted by correlated calculations allows the contradictions between the previously reported interpretations of experimental work to be eliminated. The natural bond orbitals (NBO) method was applied on the HF/6-31G** wavefunctions to confirm the existence of delocalization due to the nitrogen lone pair. The relationship between delocalization and the puckering of the axial and equatorial envelope forms is discussed.


A highly integrated hybrid electric vehicle of the series architecture has been built and tested. The vehicle essentially matches the performance of the stock car on which it is based-including full interior space, range, and dynamic performance. It approaches Federal ULEV targets with the engine in operation, and provides sufficient zero-emission (electric only) range for typical commuting. This is achieved by means of an integrated battery package, an air-cooled traction package, and industrial IGBT drives. The arrangement and package designs are discussed, with an emphasis on the electrical architecture and the power electronic drive trains. Operating results are reported.


The author presents an overview of trends in the migration of blacks to and from the southern United States. Attention is given to regions of origin and destination and to changing patterns over time. The focus is on internal migration. (ANNOTATION)


Domestic wastewater depth processing and reclamation are essential in the alleviation of global water shortage. In this study, an innovative filter media (i.e., Fe3O4@Carbon filter media [FCM]) was...


We applied a new blepharospasm clinical disability scale to the evaluation of blepharospasm surgery in a group of 138 patients. This scale analyzes six parameters of daily life, namely reading, watching television, household tasks, walking, employment, and driving. The patients had either essential blepharospasm or pretarsal dystonia. Frontalis suspension of the eyelid gave slightly better functional results than orbicularis resection in some patient subgroups.


At present, state-owned geological exploration institutions are facing three issues that need time to be addressed: pricing of state-owned assets; the burden of debt; status transformation of workers. In response, the paper points out that the key issue should focuses on property relations, and the leaders and workers should transform their ideas, strengthen financial management, and enforce shareholding reform.


[Extract] In June this year, Dr Mark Burton and I expressed in Tax Week 488 (2004) our views on the application of Pt IVA of ITAA 1936 following the decision in Hart v FC of T 2004 ATC 4599. There, we argued that it was unclear whether a precedent was established by the High Court as to the definition of scheme for Pt IVA purposes.


In Japan, aging of infrastructures, such as roads, bridges, and water and sewer services, etc. poses a problem, and it is required to extend the life-span of such infrastructures by maintenance. Among infrastructures, especially bridges are periodically inspected by short range visual observations, which check the damage and deterioration of the surface. However, since there are some cases where the short range visual observation is difficult, an alternative method is required so as to replace the short range visual observation with it. So, "X4-Flyer" is very attractive because of realizing a movement at high altitude easily. The objective of this study is to develop a tethered X4- Flyer, so that the conventional short range visual observation of bridges is replaced by it. In this paper, a method for the measurement and control of the position is described by using a tether for controlling the position of the X4-Flyer. In addition, it is checked whether the tethered X4-Flyer can control the position using the proposed method or not, letting it fly in a state in which a tether is being attached


Abstract : Seven men skilled in fire research were stationed around the periphery of Flambeau Fire 760-12 and recorded visual impressions of its magnitude. Also, instrumental data were taken both inside the fire zone and outside, so that visual magnitudes of the mass fire may be compared with its measured physical parameters. Visual magnitudes for this fire were: Flame heights up to 300 feet, horizontal flames 100 feet; thermal radiation uncomfortable at 75 feet; able bodied men might escape from center of fire; cap cloud at 3000 feet; streets filled with smoke; fire whirls lifted bushes 100 feet; downwind side of fire showed much more severe activity than the upwind; and firebrands were carried more than 200 feet out of the fire on the downwind side.


Aspergillus oryzae and saccharification by Hongqu joint fermentation experiment to study its low-salt soy sauce Pour in the application by cooking tests index red sauce,yellow index and cooking dishes.


Preface. Chapters. 1: Growth and Anti-Growth. 2: Alternative Explanations of the Changing Growth Performance. 3: The Productivity Puzzle and Conclusions. Summary and Conclusions. Bibliography. Statistical Index.


Proceedings of an international seminar, Bordeaux, France, Oct. 1987. Around half the papers are in French (some with English abstracts) so that this book will reach only a fraction of the engineers working in the field. The passionate (isolating) tenacity of their scientists and engineers in clingi


Arylsulfatases,a protein family which catalyzes the hydrolysis of sulfate esters,were closely related with the cellular functions,including hormone regulation,cellular degradation and modulation of signaling pathways.It was shown that disorders of arylsulfatses correlated with human tumorigenesis through the current investigations.Researches into the control,inhibition and activity detection of these enzymes suggested their potentials of clinical applications.The processes of arylsulfatases on tumor diagnostic and therapeutic use were summarized.


The effects of solar and artificial ultraviolet radiation on pigment composition and photosynthetic oxygen production were studied in three strains of the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum. Extended exposure to UV radiation caused bleaching of the photosynthetic pigments; the carotenoids were less resistant than chlorophyll c2 but more than chlorophyll a. In addition, there was a bathochromic shift in the chlorophyll a absorption after extended UV irradiation. Photosynthesis was impaired by solar radiation in all three strains, however Prorocentrum micans isolated from the Atlantic off Portugal was much more resistant than the Prorocentrum strains isolated from Kattegat or from the Baltic Sea. In contrast, respiration was hardly affected by exposure to solar radiation and even increased in two of the strains.


MacPractice's 'all-in-one' dental software is said to feature best-in-class billing, next-generation charting, digital imaging, EDR, reputation marketing, online patient registration, online scheduling reputation marketing that works, secure messaging, network fax and more.


[1] Seismic data recorded in the 2–30 s band at Stromboli Volcano, Italy, are analyzed to quantify the source mechanisms of Strombolian explosions during September 1997. To determine the source-centroid location and source mechanism, we minimize the residual error between data and synthetics calculated by the finite difference method for a point source embedded in a homogeneous elastic medium that takes topography into account. Two source centroids are identified, each representative of the distinct event types associated with explosive eruptions from two different vents. The observed waveforms are well reproduced by our inversion, and the two source centroids that best fit the data are offset 220 and 260 m beneath and 160 m northwest of the active vents. The source mechanisms include both moment-tensor and single-force components. The principal axes of the moment tensor have amplitude ratios 1:1:2, which can be interpreted as representative of a crack, if one assumes the rock matrix at the source to have a Poisson ratio n = 1/3, a value appropriate for hot rock. Both imaged cracks dip 60 to the northwest and strike northeast–southwest along a direction parallel to the elongation of the volcanic edifice and a prominent zone of structural weakness, as expressed by lineaments, dikes, and brittle structures. For our data set, the volume changes estimated from the moments are 200 m for the largest explosion from each vent. Together with the volumetric source is a dominantly vertical force with a magnitude of 10 N, consistent with the inferred movement of the magma column perched above the source centroid in response to the piston-like rise of a slug of gas in the conduit.


This chapter explores how money moves people in two ways, as depicted in eighteenth-century commercial writing. Obviously, it incites and gratifies powerful passions: greed, envy, and "self-liking," in Bernard Mandeville's terms early in the century—or, as Adam Smith later has it, feelings appropriate to different social stations, such as merchants' slow-burning passion for gain or the consuming vanities of the rich and great. Strong feelings serve as the prime movers of commerce. But money also affects people in ways they feel just barely or not at all. Their personally, passionately motivated acts lead them unawares to participate in the movement of money as a social force. Indeed, the insensible movements of money, prices, tendencies of taxation, and the like seem to float free of any particular human feeling, motive, or agency. Ultimately, the feeling and unfeeling generated by commerce intertwine as themes in the period's writing, and together they expand the affective range of commercial life beyond what scholars have usually thought of as "economic sentiments."


This article touches upon different characteristics of evaluation of cultural heritage estate sites. The classification features of buildings wht can be descrived as railway stations and terminals have been specified. A functional analysis of objects like railway stations and other kinds of road junction construction sites and buldings for purposes of transportation system has showed that it is possible to identify and evaluate the consumer properties and usefulness of buildings based on its technical characteristics. The study of planning systems in terms of consumer preferences has allowed to identify their advantages and disadvantages. As a result several principles of complex assessment of cultural heritage estate objects for transportation system have been developed. Prospective studies can be related to the modernization of classical approaches to evaluation of real estate of transportation infrastructure with consideration of intangible value of cultural heritage objects.


In this study, the authors proposed a model to study the influencing factors and determine the level and direction of the factors affecting compliance with the law on social insurance of non-state enterprises in Vietnam. The research model is tested with a survey data set of research subjects in Hanoi and the provinces of the Red River Delta, Vietnam. Research results have confirmed the positive impact and level of impact of five factors affecting the compliance with the law on social insurance of non- state enterprises, arranged in order of decreasing importance as follows: the possibility of being inspected and examined by social insurance, corporate reputation, corporate finance, penalties for violations of social insurance and social influence. Based on the research results, the authors have proposed several solutions to improve the level of compliance with the law on social insurance of non-state enterprises.


Grafting polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) was undertaken onto cellulose powder (Cell) in presence of potassium fulvate (KF) to produce semi-interpenetrating network structures. The grafting efficiency (GE) and grafting yield (GY) were studied as and indicated that the grafting process was not influenced in presence of KF. KF was expected to be incorporated into the cellulose backbone in the same course of the graft polymerization via polycondensation with groups from cellulose and monomer. The simultaneous graft polymerization of acrylic acid and polycondensation processes of all components allows formation of a more chemically active semi-interpenetrating network structure. Successful incorporation of KF to the network structure was predicted from fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) while enhanced Cu 2+ uptake confirmed the better chemical activity with respect to the same network prepared in absence of KF. Furthermore, the wide variation of the swelling potential as a function of the pH further corroborates the insertion of KF to the network structure. Imaging with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated morphological alteration on the surface which might be related to the KF anchoring to the cellulose backbone. The developed superabsorbents showed increment in the water absorption both in distilled water and salted solutions as well. The newly developed superabsorbent was applied as a support for soil nutrients and their controlled release in soil was studied. The results proved efficiency of the superabsorbent to warrant appropriate release of the nutrients according to the time regulations set by European Committee of Normalization (ECN). Improved water retention was also an additional advantage.


Typical interventions in persons without CKD are essential. SHARP and TNT have added to our knowledge. Aggressive cholesterol lowering (probably also affecting LDL particle number as well as traditional measures of LDL) seems to afford better outcomes by lessening residual risk in those with chronic kidney disease.


Abstract : A management techniques report on half-cuts is provided as Section 5.3.2 of the US Army Corps of Engineers Wildlife Resources Management Manual. The report was prepared as a guide to assist Corps biologists and resource managers in developing habitat management programs for project lands. Topics covered for half -cuts include wildlife value, plant selection, methods, location, personnel and costs, and cautions and limitations. Supplemental cover can often be provided for small game by half-cutting the trees and shrubs so that their tops or branches touch the ground. The technique is also referred to as top-cutting, top-pruning, or cut-and-bend. Procedures are given for making half-cuts on the main trunk or lower branches of suitable trees or shrubs, and the application of the technique for edge improvement in a variety of settings is discussed. Half-cutting is recommended for use in conjunction with other suitable habitat management practices.


Product Management Systems (PLM) are systems that enable efficient management of all data related to product design, development, production and after-sales processes. These systems should be used as a business strategy that enables management of all data related to the product throughout the enterprise, authorizing access to the database, automatisation of the Bill of Materials's (BOM) and task-based project management. The sustainability of innovation and product development activities can be possible with a product-oriented management approach based on the products throughout their life cycle processes. In product-oriented management, all activities must be related to the product and process flows which should be updated and managed as living assets. This can be achieved with an efficient PLM system that operates in this way which is capable to respond quickly to customer requests and assist in the provision of value propositions that will give them a competitive edge. Within this context, the aim of the study is to explore PLM systems and move it beyond product development process and show how these systems can be structured as a business management system. Accordingly, the study is designed as an exploratory research in which a process analysis is performed in ELTAŞ, a leading company in transformer sector in Turkey, as a case study. As a result, PLM systems are proposed to manage the processes. It is believed that the findings of the study will enable many businesses to be aware of PLM processes and understand how they are designed as a business strategy.


247 soil samples selected from grain crop fields in Luoyang were examined.The results showed that the average contents of organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium were(1.25%,) 0.91 g/kg, 10.88 mg/kg,and 128.7 mg/kg,respectively.As a whole,the contents of organic matter and total N were low,the available P medium to low level,and the available K medium level.Frequency distribution of the contents of soil organic matter,total N,and available P appeared curves of deviating from normal distribution,which has left-deviating peaks,and the available K appeared an approximate normal distribution curve.The order of coefficient of variation(CV%) is available P organic matter,total N available K.


ABSTRACT Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) can be converted into 2-pyrrolidone, an intermediate in the synthesis of nylon 4 and agrochemicals, which has great potential for application in the chemical industry. The main aim of this work was to construct a simple and efficient process for industrial production of GABA from L-glutamic acid (L-Glu) by whole-cell bioconversion. The gene encoding glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) from Lactococcus lactis FJNUGA01 was overexpressed using the most available vector in Escherichia coli, pET-28a. GABA production was enhanced by optimizing the concentration of the catalyst isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG), induction temperature and induction time. After optimization, GABA production reached 98.4 g L−1 with 96 mol% conversion within 6 h was achieved by whole-cell conversion using the cells induced with 1 mmol L−1 IPTG for 12 h at 30 °C. Furthermore, when the initial concentration of L-Glu was adjusted, 204.12 g L−1 GABA with 34 g L−1 h−1 productivity was reached using 2 mol L−1 L-Glu as the substrate. During the 6 h whole-cell bioconversion process, almost all L-Glu was converted to GABA with a conversion efficiency of ∼99%. The high conversion efficiency and high productivity made the GABA purification occur downstream, and the whole process is more simple and economical for industrial application.


In order to study the effects of MS medium levels (M1=full MS, M2=half MS and M3=redundancy MS) with 1mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) hormone and shoot tip length (S1=10mm and S2=20mm) in vitro culture of poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima wild), an experiment as factorial in RCBD with four replications was conducted during 2010 at Research Laboratory of Faculty of Agriculture, Lahijan University in Iran. The culture bed were contained MS levels (full MS, half MS and redundancy MS), 5mg/L IBA hormone, sucrose (3%) and agar (75%). The results show that MS medium levels with IBA hormone on percent of rooting and root number in micro cuttings of poinsettia had a significant difference in 1 % probability level. The highest root number in micro cuttings of poinsettia were obtained with application redundancy MS medium and 5mg/L IBA (3.71 mm) and 20 mm shoot tip (3.36 mm). The highest percent of rooting in micro cuttings of poinsettia were obtained with application redundancy MS medium and 5mg/L IBA (75.79) and 20 mm shoot tip (73.49).


Considering the complex nature of gastrointestinal cancer, different methods including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are considered for the treatment. Novel strategies including silencing of oncogenes using safe delivery systems could be considered as a novel approach in colorectal cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the silencing effect of high mobility group A2 (HMGA2) small interfering RNA (siRNA)–loaded nanoliposomes on gastrointestinal cancers.


This contribution aims to investigate the complex, transformative role children's literature can play in today's socio-cultural context, offering a creative platform, not only in terms of plot or contexts, but also in terms of stylistic research and the book as a medium, on which to build new ways of thinking about and designing reality. The work focuses specifically on one of the most significant picture books on the topic of (real or metaphoric) migration, refugees, migrants' difficult and controversial path to integration. The very rich production in recent years has, with different registers each time, emblematically interpreted the political vocation of contemporary children's literature, formulating relations with otherness, encouraging the deconstruction of cultural stereotypes and preventing emotional anaesthesia in the face of issues that demand the precise assumption of human and civil responsibility. In formal terms, it investigates the narrative strategies adopted by the authors and illustrators to guide the empathic involvement of the reader, aiming to foster reflexive and pro-social attitudes. In the picture books examined, the representation of the refugee, the stateless, the "destined to death", to quote Hanna Arendt, for whom the loss of citizenship equals the denial of the most basic human rights, challenges the "danger of a single history".


With the rapid development of power electronics technology,the applications of PWM DC-DC converter is widely used,and now,high performance,high efficiency,miniaturization and lightweight model has tended to be the goal of PWM DC-DC converter.In this paper,the common DC-DC converter topology is analysed,and in view of its simple circuit structure,easy control method half-bridge circuit may suit for small and medium-capacity as a DC-DC conversion topology.In the analysis of PWM converter operating principle and circuit characteristics,this paper achieves the design parameters of 270 V DC input,360 V DC output,and 500 W output power converter.After well understanding the producing pulse principle of SG1525 chip,it realizes the design parameters of control circuit,thus build a complete closed-loop system.After obtained a detailed analysis of the experimental results,this paper verifies the theoretical analysis and circuit simulation is correct.


In view of the problems that the continuous access of new energy power generation leads to the gradual loss of the balance and regulation ability of the existing power grid, conventional power supply and pumping and storage system, and the difficulty in sustaining the balance mode of "source follows load" of the traditional power system, this paper attempts to explore the role of photovoltaic hydrogen production in the new energy industry chain and energy interconnection through the prospect and economy of power storage through hydrogen doped natural gas (HCNG) in combination with the development trend of the power and energy industry, The prospect and economy of photovoltaic hydrogen production + hydrogen doped natural gas power storage are analyzed, and a new source network load storage optimization strategy based on hydrogen doped natural gas transmission is proposed. It is proposed that the more feasible mode is photovoltaic hydrogen production + first stage: compressed hydrogen energy storage + second stage: natural gas mixed with hydrogen pipeline transmission + parallel second stage: gas storage (tank) storage. Finally, through the establishment of a hydrogen field cogeneration system model with the purpose of local new energy power generation, hydrogen production, long-distance hydrogen transmission, including waste power consumption, to realize the integration of source, network, load and storage, Compare the scale, capacity and economy of power generation transmission storage and power generation hydrogen production hydrogen blending transmission storage, verify the feasibility of the proposed source network load storage optimization strategy, and finally give relevant suggestions and development strategies.


We determine the degree of denitrification that occurred during the 1996-1997 Arctic winter using a technique that is based on balloon and aircraft borne measurements of NO y , N 2 O, and CH 4 . The NO 3 /N 2 O relation can undergo significant change due to isentropic mixing of subsided vortex air masses with extravortex air due to the high nonlinearity of the relation. These transport related reductions in NO y can be difficult to distinguish from the effects of denitrification caused by sedimentation of condensed HNO 3 . In this study, high-altitude balloon measurements are used to define the properties of air masses that later descend in the polar vortex to altitudes sampled by the ER-2 aircraft (i.e., ∼20 km) and mix isentropically with extravortex air. Observed correlations of CH 4 and N 2 O are used to quantify the degree of subsidence and mixing for individual air masses. On the basis of these results the expected mixing ratio of NO y resulting from subsidence and mixing, defined here as NO y ** , is calculated and compared with the measured mixing ratio of NO y . Values of NO y and NO y ** agree well during most parts of the flights. A slight deficit of NO y versus NO y ** is found only for a limited region during the ER-2 flight on April 26, 1997. This deficit is interpreted as indication for weak denitrification (∼2-3 ppbv) in that air mass. The small degree of denitrification is consistent with the general synoptic-scale temperature history of the sampled air masses, which did not encounter temperatures below the frostpoint and had relatively brief encounters with temperatures below the nitric acid trihydrate equilibrium temperature. Much larger degrees of denitrification would have been inferred if mixing effects had been ignored, which is the traditional approach to diagnose denitrification. Our analysis emphasizes the importance of using other correlations of conserved species to be able to accurately interpret changes in the NO y /N 2 O relation with respect to denitrification.


Throwing is one of the most important and complex skills within the game of Cricket. In a throwing motion every movement of the segment/part counts. There are different types of throws and a player is expected to be able to perform the throw accurately. There are numerous aspects of throwing performance making it a complex skill to master, such as velocity, movement, etc. It has been shown that throwing is an important aspect of many sports and that a sound understanding of throwing techniques can facilitate improvements in throwing performance (Atwater, 1979). Increased knowledge in the components of effective throwing action can be considered extremely beneficial in the general sporting community, as the throwing action is a skill that can be positively transferred to many other skills such as cricket, softball and the javelin, Hay (1993), Elliott and Anderson (1990). There are several types of throwing motion, such as bilateral or unilateral, and overhand, side hand, or underhand. Among these unilateral overhand throwing is a motion which is acquired last from the developmental view-point. Increased scientific knowledge of the components of effective throwing action allows coaches to reduce the chance of injury and optimize their performances. It has been well documented in biomechanical Abstract: The purpose of this study is to support literature representing the importance of lower body technique in the over-arm throw through the comparison of skilled and un-skilled cricket players. Ball velocity, stride length (in metres and as a percentage of performer's body height), trunk forward tilt and the change in knee angle from front foot contact to ball release were compared between performers to check for variations in technique. The Twenty participant (10 skilled and10 un skilled) performers performed 20 successful throws at maximum velocity at a target area at stump from 20 m distance. Cricket players were filmed and digitized and data was entered into SPSS where independent t-tests was run to check for significant differences (p < .05) in the parameters between the cricket ball throwers. ISSN:-2249-894X


Modular dc–dc converters are popular in dc power systems, such as demagnetization systems due to their advantages of high efficiency, high reliability, and low current stress on components. However, the dynamic consensus of output currents of the multiple converter degaussing systems (MCDSs) has not been well solved yet, especially when communication delay is considered. In this article, a novel coordinated control method based on multistep state predictions with active compensation of delay is proposed to address the poor dynamic consensus performance of currents in MCDSs. The implementation of the scheme consists of the following two main phases: the design of a multistep state predictor for MCDSs and the optimization of the coordinating cost of currents. The multistep state predictor can estimate immeasurable future states of converters over a large horizon length, which presents a novel approach to the current regulator design. The optimal control protocol is derived by minimizing a distributed coordinating performance index function (PIF) for the output currents. This optimization of the PIF minimizes the consensus error between output currents for converters and compensates for communication constraints. Furthermore, the conditions for simultaneous stability and consensus of the closed-loop degaussing system with the distributed multistep state prediction controller are given. Finally, the performance of the proposed scheme is verified by numerous case studies in an experimental testbed.


[Objective]To summarize the experience of diagnosis and treatment of 15 patients with pulmonary thromboembolism. [Methods]The clinical manifestations,chest imaging characteristics and laboratory results of 15 patients with pulmonary thromboembolism in Xinxiang Central Hospital from June 2008 to November 2009 were analyzed. [Results]All of 15 patients were diagnosed as pulmonary embolism by CT pulmonary angiography.The clinical manifestations mainly were chest distress,chest pain,shortness of breath,dyspnea and palpitations,followed by syncope,leg pain and swelling.Blood gas analysis showed that there was mainly hypoxemia.12 patients were positive for D-dimmer,and some abnormalities were detected by ECG,echocardiography and vascular ultrasonography in limbs.12 patients were treated by thrombolysis and anticoagulant therapy,11 cases were cured and 1 case died,and other 3 cases were given only anticoagulant therapy. [Conclusion]CT pulmonary angiography can confirm the diagnosis.The comprehensive and integrated analysis of blood gas analysis,D-dimmer,ECG,vascular ultrasonography in limbs,echocardiography and X-ray examination can improve the diagnosis rate of pulmonary embolism in critical patients.Early thrombolysis and anticoagulant therapy has a better therapeutic effect.


In this paper UV colorimetry is used to determine Vc content of fruits.The maximum absorp-tion wave length is 267nm and it is very accordant with the limber-bier law when the Vc content is 4~24 ug/mL.The method is simple,fast and accurate compared with the HPLC analysis.


Objective To investigate the expression of tenascin in human squamous cervical carcinoma and it's significance. Methods The expression of tenascin in paraffin-bedded biopsy and surgical specimens of normal cervical tissue(10cases),cervical intraepithelial neoplastic lesions(CIN)(15cases)and invasive squamous cervical cacinoma(48cases)was tested by using immunohistochemistry. ResultsI Statistical significance of tenascin expression was observed between normal cervical tissue, cervical intraepithelial neoplastic lesions and invasive squamous cervical cacinoma(P0.001), in various grade of invasive squamous cervical cacinoma(P0.05), and in the different status of pelvic lymph node metastases(P0.01). Conclusion Tenascin expression may be useful in the evaluation of stromal invasion in cancer of the uterine cervix, furthermore, increasing of tenascin immunostain may suggest the establishment of adequate biological defense and better clinical outcome in cervical cancer patients.


The utility model relates to a central backflash internal-heat storage-type energy-saving high-efficient furnace and tank integration reducing furnace system, which comprises a furnace body part and a heating part. The furnace body comprises a reducing tank, a feeding port, a magnesium crystallization collector, a deslagging pipe and a combustor, wherein a central combustion chamber is arranged inside the reducing tank, and a holding chamber is arranged between the central combustion chamber and a tank body, and a smoke discharging high-temperature radiation heat pipe is arranged inside the holding chamber, and the lower end of the smoke discharging high-temperature radiation heat pipe is communicated with the lower end of the central combustion chamber, and the upper end is communicated with a smoke chamber; the feeding port is connected with the holding chamber; a crystallization sleeve is arranged inside the magnesium crystallization collector, and the crystallization sleeve is communicated with the holding chamber, and a water cycling condenser is arranged outside the crystallization sleeve; the upper end of the deslagging pipe is connected with the holding chamber, and the lower end is provided with a slag discharging door, and the upper end of the slag discharging door on the deslagging pipe is provided with a water heat-radiation separation sleeve; the combustor is connected with the top part of the central combustion chamber, and air of the combustor is ignited by electric high voltage to be ejected into the central combustion chamber and to be combusted inside the central combustion chamber after being pre-heated and pre-mixed with heat storage bodies and fuel.


Architecture is built in artificial and natural environments, some are real others are virtual. Until now, CAAD, CAD, and 3D modeling and simulation software have not included the environment and are therefore limited to imprecise representations. This challenges the algorithmic complexity of the software that simulates elements of nature, air, natural and artificial light using techniques of radiosity and raytracing. Today, CAACD (Computer Architectural Aided Climate Design) software needs information like geographic location, atmospheric and climatic conditions of the place to use it in conceptual decisions during the design process and to be able to guarantee environmental comfort in the project. This situation has provided me, together with professors and postgraduate students in the discipline of landscape architecture, with the fundamental framework for my study, namely: The virtual construction of a region, including digital representation of the built environment and the tropical flora. This paper describes the basic methodology used in such a process. [Full paper in Spanish]


A teacher tells how she has overcome her dread of the music period and has made a virtue of necessity. Other teachers who regard music as a bugbear may find Miss Bowman's ideas helpful.


Sawmill activities are characterized with different degrees of injuries and accidents due to indecorous handling of sawmill machineries, lack of necessary accident prevention facilities, skill, poor safety culture and practices. However, to guarantee safety in this kind of environment, it is highly imperative that the industry adopt and implement a range of effective occupational health and safety management measures in an efficient way that will lead to more favorable and safe environment for all stakeholders. The safety of stakeholders and facilities however necessitated this work. Two major sawmills were considered in two main towns or cities in each of the six southwestern states of Nigeria, namely: Ekiti, Lagos, Ogun, Ondo, Osun and Oyo States, which formed part of the major wood producing rain forest areas in Nigeria. Some of the accidents causing activities identified were: human, deficiency in maintenance, environmental and Lack of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) among others. Sawmill safety activities were classified as training, (PPE), safety awareness creation, accident investigation, motivation/incentives, machine/tools procurement and security/safety enforcement. Sixteen safety strategies were developed using combinatorial method with training, PPE and motivation/incentives as compulsory activities. System dynamics software (Vensim 7.2) was then used to delineate the causal and flow diagrams. A system dynamic model was developed as valuable leading tool for effective safety planning and management in sawmill industry.


Results of theoretical studies of spatially confined systems via Monte Carlo simulations are reported. Three experimentally relevant systems are considered: 1) Ad- and desorption phenomena in nanoporous materials like Vycor glass; 2) Dipolar molecules on a graphite surface that undergo an orientational transition; 3) Non-equilibrium dynamics in two-dimensional disordered materials.


For the brushless doubly fed reluctance machine (BDFRM), a composite rotor featuring salient pole reluctance and short-circuited coils (SCC) is applied to efficiently improve the cross-coupling capability and magnetic field modulation effects, where the SCCs induce symmetrical multiphase current and then establish the corresponding additional magnetizing magnetomotive force to modulate the source one. This article investigates the modulation behavior and evaluates the modulation capability of the composite modulator from the perspective of the magnetic field conversion mechanism. The modulated airgap harmonic phase-shift phenomenon in space caused by the SCC modulator is first observed, resulting in the reduction on the effective magnetic field conversion factors in the BDFRM with conventional symmetrical composite rotor. The phase-shift mechanism is revealed for the first time, then an asymmetrical composite modulator configuration is proposed to eliminate the phase shift so as to enhance the rotor cross-coupling capability and improve torque performance. A BDFRM prototype with the asymmetrical composite modulator is designed and manufactured for experimentation. Theoretical predictions are verified by two-dimensional finite-element analysis together with experiments.


Addressing a need for understanding the theoretical mechanisms that explain the relationship between semester-long challenge and hindrance stressors and student life satisfaction, this study focuse...


This article uses a comparison of two national events, the 1951 Festival of Britain, andthe London 2012 Olympics and Paralympics, to examine developments in archival collecting policy and practice. It examines the possible reasons for the relative scarcity of Festival records and argues that these gaps in the archival record demonstrate the need for a national collecting strategy for London 2012, the implementation of which is made possible through advances in technology, together with a changed understanding of the record-keeper's role.


Teaching a course in curriculum studies in an international context can present a challenge when it comes to the selection of appropriate literature resources. Texts with a focus on USor UK-based curriculum policy debates may cover a sufficiently wide range of theoretical territory but they may also present a parochial view that is set in a limited national context. For example, narratives that discuss the history of the development and implementation of the Educational Reform Act and the National Curriculum in England offer vivid case study material that exemplifies clearly delineated ideological perspectives, and sources such as Kelly (2009) and Ross (2000) do an excellent job explaining them. However, there can be a tendency for texts such as these to be culture-bound. It was therefore with great pleasure that I read this book, which recounts the arguments one might expect to see in a text on this topic but with a fresh perspective. In a brief and attractively produced book, Paul Morris and Bob Adamson present an overview of the school curriculum that embraces a variety of perspectives, and set it in the context of the recent political, economic and cultural changes experienced in Hong Kong. The authors characterise the context for curriculum development in Hong Kong as 'an interplay of innovation and conservatism, globalization and localization, liberalism and authoritarianism, devolution and centralization' (Preface). They propose two main purposes for the book –not only to provide a comprehensive introduction to curriculum as a field of study but also to present a specific analysis of the Hong Kong school curriculum. A broad audience for the book is identified, comprising students studying introductory courses at various levels of higher education as well as 'all teachers, principals, parents and other stakeholders who are concerned with understanding and improving the quality of their schools' curriculum' (Preface). In successive chapters, the authors address approaches to curriculum studies, policy, development, organisation, teachers and teaching, learners and learning, educational assessment, language policy and the medium of instruction, curriculum evaluation and change. The chapter on language is of particular interest because it discusses the dynamic and changing hierarchical relations between English, Cantonese and Putonghua (Mandarin) in the post-colonial period, drawing on issues such as international trade, popular culture and national identity. The influence of Basil Bernstein's theorisation of pedagogic discourse may be discerned throughout this book. It offers a useful heuristic device for critical discussion of the curriculum. Each chapter is supported by self-study questions that assist reflection by the reader and suggestions are offered for further reading. There is a well-constructed index. This book would make a useful resource for many institutional libraries, school professional development libraries and personal book collections. It illuminates the specific Hong Kong curriculum development situation with clarity and it also has scope to be of value to a wider international readership of students, academics and teaching professionals.