During a routine dissection in the anatomy laboratory at The University of North Texas Health Science Center, the left leg of an 84-year-old female cadaver was found to have an additional muscle belly and tendon slip originating from the deep muscles of the posterior compartment. The small accessory muscle had two separate heads (medial and lateral) that arose in the lower third of the leg from the posterior deep fascia covering the flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior, and flexor hallucis longus muscles.
The accessory muscles tendon bifurcated near its terminus, and then inserted on the fascia between the deep surface of the abductor hallucis and the quadratus plantae muscles. The surrounding muscular, vascular and nervous structures followed the typical course described in standard anatomical texts.


A local woman is set to join hundreds of other families for a special remembrance event that celebrates the lives of loved ones who will be missed this ...


The interaction between a planar shock wave and a spherical gas bubble containing sulfur hexafluoride, Refrigerant-22, neon, or helium is studied numerically. Influences of the Atwood number (At) on the evolution of the shock wave and gas bubble are clarified by using high-resolution computational simulations. The results show that the difference in the physical properties between the ambient air and the gas bubble has a significant influence on the evolution of wave pattern and bubble deformation. For the fast/slow configuration (At > 0) in the present study (At = 0.67 and 0.51), the incident shock focuses near the interior right interface to form an outward jet. Besides, the mixedness, average vorticity, and the absolute value of circulation all increase as the Atwood number increases. By contrast, for the slow/fast configuration (At 0 or At < 0, the effective volume of the gas bubble basically decreases when the Atwood number decreases. Hence, on the whole, the Atwood number has a nonmonotonic influence on the evolution of effective volume of gas bubble, mixedness, average vorticity, and circulation simultaneously.


The nuclear industry has become increasingly efficient and global in nature, but may now be poised at a crossroads between graceful decline and profound growth as a viable provider of electrical energy. Predicted population and energy-demand growth, an increased interest in global climate change, the desire to reduce the international dependence on oil as an energy source, the potential for hydrogen co-generation using nuclear power reactors, and the improved performance in the nuclear power industry have raised the prospect of a "nuclear renaissance" in which nuclear power would play an increasingly more important role in both domestic and international energy market. This report provides an assessment of the role nuclear-generated power will plan in the global energy future and explores the impact of that role on export controls.


Foremost English composer of the Baroque period. A chorister in the Chapel Royal, he succeeded John Blow as organist of Westminster Abbey and served in the Chapel Royal from 1682.

Keywords:

purcell, henry (1659–1695);
english composer of baroque period;
festive te deum and jubilat;
purcell's works, being verse anthems


SINCE ITS INTRODUCTION in 1984 by Inoue et al,t percutaneous mitral balloon commissurotomy (PMV) has been used successfully as an alternative to open or closed surgical mitral commissurotomy in the treatment of patients with symptomatic rheumatic mitral stenosis.2-tS PMV produces good immediate hemodynamic outcome, low complication rate, and clinical improvement in the majority of patients with mitral stenosis.2-tS PMV is safe and effective and provides sustained clinical and hemodynamic improvement in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis. The immediate and longterm results appear to be similar to those of surgical mitral commissurotomy.2-tS Today, PMV is the preferred form of therapy for relief of mitral stenosis for a selected group of patients with symptomatic mitral stenosis.


Four 12-week old 32kg ileo-rectal anastomosis barrows were used to determine the digestibility and metabolizability of dietary sodium and potassium in the 4th,9th,11st,13rd and 18th week post-surgery.The results were:(1)the digestibility and metabolizability of sodium were relatively constant from the 4th week to the 18th week post-surgery,indicating that the metabolism of sodium was under steady condition in this experiment;(2)the digestibility and metabolizability of potassium were decreased gradually from 32.72% and 30.46% in the 4th week to 1.46% and -0.77% in the 18th week,indicating that the metabolism of potassium were changed.The reason was analyzed and the suggestion of how to add sodium and potassium was presented.


Evolution of antimicrobial resistance, especially antibiotic resistance, results from complex dynamics between microorganisms, stressors and the environment itself, where non-linear dynamics are present with unpredictable impacts on treatability, and therefore, on society. The Anthropocene Operating Space for Antimicrobial Resistance is a recent framework for risk-assessment of tipping-points in treatability by combining information about the level of resistance and the effects of available antimicrobials. Here, we develop this framework at an increased level of resolution and extent compared to previous analysis adding three sub-zones to the original three zone framework and applying it to 20 priority pathogens, constituting its first application at the pathogen level, including fungal pathogens. In doing so, we also provide updated definitions of each zone and sub-zone together with an overview of mechanisms and contexts contributing to treatability of tipping point risks. We find that 7 out of 20 assessed priority pathogens (6 out of 11 Gram-negative bacteria) are in the zone of highest risk where widespread tipping points in treatability are most likely (surpassed zone). Namely, Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae), Neisseria gonorrhoeae and the yeast Candida auris are those assessed exceeding our current resources. Meanwhile, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Clostridioides difficile, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus and Salmonella are classified at very high risk of crossing the tipping point in treatability. The problem of antimicrobial resistance is often described as a future threat in the so-called post-antibiotic era. However, our assessment concludes we may have surpassed the threshold in some of the scenarios, and that we are on the edge in others. The proposed framework, being easy to implement across sectors, while requiring little or no economic investment, unifies criteria to be used between different key actors joining two important parameters in antimicrobial resistance: the epidemiological state of priority pathogens and treatment sustainability. In the future the framework can be expanded to other pathogens and repeated assessments will be useful as an indicator of tracking trends in treatability tipping-point risks.


Treatment process in health centres is mostly carried out in such a way that the patient is hospitalised in several parts of the wards during treatment. When patients are obliged to stay in a department until a bed becomes available in the next department, 'bed-blocking' occurs. Hospitals often suffer from the lack of proper planning and ineffective management of hospital beds and medical resources. In this research, we tackle this issue by introducing a multi-objective simulation optimisation model to determine the optimal number of elective admissions, the appropriate number of beds, and the number of patients who are forced to discharge in each ward. The model minimises hospital costs and the number of patients who are blocked. Due to the complexity of the issue, two meta-heuristic approaches are developed to solve the model. In this regard, five simulation optimisation algorithms have been implemented to solve the model and compare the results. By solving the presented algorithms, Pareto optimal frontiers are obtained in various states.


Breast cancer is the fifth most common cause of death worldwide. Currently, one of the standard treatments for breast cancer is radiation therapy (RT).  On the other hand, mouse models have been used in pre-clinical studies for breast cancer RT, requiring dedicated shielding to exposure the breast region. In this work, we considered the values of the lead attenuation coefficient and the tenth reducing layer for a 60 Co irradiator and developed a lead shielding device for breast cancer-bearing mice to be exposed to localized breast RT. Five-kg of lead were exposed to temperature of 340oC and inserted into an aluminum mold previously adjusted to the dimensions of the device. After solidification, the device was shaped into a cylinder with dimension of 14 x 15 x 7 cm (height x width x thickness, respectively). A round cut-out for breast exposure of 1 cm in diameter was made at 5 cm from the basis of the device. For shielding device validation, we performed calibrations to establish a dose of 10 Gy in the target. Fifteen CaSO 4 :Dy thermoluminescent dosimeters were distributed along a 50 mL conical tube to simulate the mouse position inside the shielding. The shielding device was placed at a fixed distance of 10 cm from the target for optimal exposure time. After irradiation, the dosimeters were read on a thermoluminescent reader. According to our results, we were able to develop a body-shielding device that assured the required dose for RT of breast cancer in mice.


The author particularly studies the character of Bibliotheca and its relation to its sources. He thinks that the book was originally destined for a youthful public, as he tries to prove from a number of instances which show the author' s love of decency. He then enters on the modern views and thinks that Bibliotheca has been underestimated. He shows that the pre-Byzantine Scholia of Homer, of the Tragedians, etc. have made extensive use of it and that already at an early date the work was ascribed to Apollodorus. In his opinion, Bibliotheca has not made such an extensive and mechanical use of general manuals, as critics are mostly inclined to think. To this end he especially investigates the relation of Bibliotheca to Pherecydes, Akousilaos and Hellanicus. He tries to find traces and fragments of them in Bibliotheca. In this connection he also studies the Historiai of the Homeric D Scholia. He proposes as a hypothetical date the first century A. D.


Aim To investigate the myocardial protective effect of L-Carnitine(L-CN) as cardiac arresting solution in the process of cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) in canine. Methods Twenty healthy male mongrel canines,15~20 kg, were randomly allocated into two groups: L-CN group (n=10, 12 g/L L-carnitine was put into the 4 ℃ ST. Thomas Ⅱ cardioplegia) and control group (n=10, identical to the L-carnitine group except that normal saline was administered instead of L-carnitine),the other conditions were the same. The cardioplegia solutions were infused for the antegrade intermittent coronary perfusion when the ascending aorta was cross-clamped, and were perfused for 4 times in all and repeated every 30 min, but the concentrations of postassium chloride would be reduced by half in last perfusion. In addition, every individual canine was premedicated with morphine (5 mg IM), and was intubated with the cuffed endotracheal tube after administration of fentanyl (5~10μg·kg-1, Ⅳ) to induce the anesthesia. Afterwards, the sodium pentobarbital (30 mg·kg-1 Ⅳ injection) was given for the first time and repeated (5 mg·kg-1) on demand during the experiment. The femoral artery were catheterized for the blood pressure , the blood gas analysis and the blood electrolyte monitoring, and the femoral vein for the fluid administration. The nasopharyngeal temperature was monitored. In both groups, cardial tropnin I (cTnI) and creatine kinase MB isozyme (CK-MB) levels in coronary venous sinus serum were measured just before the ascending aorta was cross-clamped and after the cross-clamp was removed, and myocardial tissue from left heart ventricle was available for the examination of the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), adenosine triphosphate(ATP), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). The expression of poly-(adenosine-ribose) polymerase (PARP) protein in the myocardial tissues was also examined by Western blot analysis. Results The levels of cTnI and CK-MB in coronary venous sinus serum, and MDA in myocardial tissue were significantly lower in the test group than that in the control group after cross-clamp was removed (P0.05 or P0.01),but the contents of ATP and SOD in myocardial tissue was significantly higher in the test group than that in the control group (P0.05). The postoperative cardiac auto-rebeating rate in the test group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P0.01). Western blot analysis showed that the intact 113 ku PARP was degraded in both groups, but the increasing quantity of 89 ku cleavage product in L-CN group was significantly less than that in control group. Conclusion Antegrade coronary perfusion of L-CN as an ingredient of cardiac arresting solution in the process of operation improves energy metabolism of cardiomyocyte and shows good protective effect on myocardium.


The changes of the contents of chemical components and sensory evaluation of Kimchis which were prepared by addition of different amounts of garlic were investigated during fermentation at for 8 days. The range of salinity of Kimchis was 1.8-2.0% The titratable acidity of Kimchis was rapidly increased with garlic contents during fermentation. Ascorbic acid was decreased with fermentation but increased with more addition of garlic. Total sugar content was decreased until third day and the free sugar content decreased to 0.8-1.1g/100g at the 8th day fermentation. It was found that lactic acid and succinic acid were relatively high among the nonvolatile organic acids. The lactic acid content increased with the addition of garlic while succinic acid was not certain. During the whole fermentation, the result of sensory evaluation suggested that Kimchis contained more than 2g garlic were more palatable and desirable than eliminated garlic.


Because of the difficulties prevalent in the coal industry in recent years, the traditional strategies of recruiting high quality specialists from both home and abroad have become not as effective as before. In view of this situation, the possibility of establishing a nationwide distance education and training network is put on the agenda of responsible organizations. It is believed that this project is highly necessary and realistically feasible.


An operation method of nonvolatile memory device is provided to rapidly stabilize data recorded in a memory cell by inducing a boosting voltage to a channel of the memory cell. Data is recorded by supplying a program voltage to a memory cell selected among a plurality of memory cells(S110). The recorded data is stabilized(S120). Injection quantity of electron is determined by measuring a current flowed in the memory cell. Data recording quantity is verified according to the decision result. The stabilized data is verified(S130). A program completion is determined(S140). A program voltage is increased in case a program is not completed(S150). A total process is repeated by using an increased program voltage.


Abstract Auditors typically employ one-sided confidence bounds to estimate the total error in an audit population. This estimate provides an auditor with a given level of assurance that the total error does not exceed the upper confidence bound. This paper summarizes the results of an extensive simulation study using both real and simulated data comparing 14 bounds. No one method was found to be superior in terms of reliability and efficiency. A 95% upper bound is reliable if, when used repeatedly, the bound exceeds the true audit error 95% of the time. Efficiency measures the size of the bound; the smaller the bound is, the more efficient it is said to be. The multinomial-Dirichlet method [Tsui, K. W., Matsamura, E. M., Tsui, K. L. (1985). Multinomial-Dirichlet bounds for dollar-unit sampling in auditing. Acc. Rev. 60(1):76–96] demonstrated the best reliability for a variety of populations. The Bayesian normal bound [Menzefricke, U., Smieliauskas, W. (1984). A simulation study of the performance of parametric dollar unit sampling statistical procedures. J. Acc. Res. 22(2):588–604] and the Cox and Snell bound [Cox, D. R., Snell, E. J. (1979). On sampling and the estimation of rare errors. Biometrika 66(1):125–132] are reliable and more efficient than the multinomial-Dirichlet bound for particular populations. The Augmented Variance Estimator bound [Rohrbach, K. J. (1993). Variance augmentation to achieve nominal coverage probability in sampling from audit populations. Auditing J. Practice Theory 12(2):79–97] is reliable and efficient for populations with error rates of less than 10%. The extended multinominal-Dirichlet bound [Matsumura, E., Tsui, K., Wong, W.K. (1990). An extended multinomial-Dirichlet model for error bounds for dollar-unit sampling. Contemporary Acc. Res. 6:485–500] is reliable and efficient for most of the real populations studied.


In vitro α-Amylase inhibitory activity of polyherbal preparation, a combination of six selected medicinal plants. The antidiabetic potential of the aqueous extract and ethanolic extract of Ocimum sanctum, Withania somnifera, Gymnema sylvestre, Tinospora cordifolia, Phyllanthus emblica and Coleus forskohlii. Diabetes has become a common global health problem that affects >170million people worldwide. It is one of the leading causes of death and disability. It is estimated that by 2030, the number will rise to 366 million (www.who.int). The majority of diabetes (~90%) is type 2 diabetes (T2D) caused by a combination of impaired insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells and insulin resistance of the peripheral target tissues, especially muscle and liver. Traditional Medicines obtained from medicinal plants are used by about 40-60% of the world's population. Though there are many approaches to control diabetes and its secondary complications, herbal formulations are preferred due to lesser side effects and low cost. In the present study focused on screening of ethanolic and hot water extract of polyherbal formulation for antidiabetic activity with respect to enzymatic assay as such and αamylase inhibition assay. Polyherbal formulation (PHF) extracts of two different organic solvents exhibited significant reduction in alpha-amylase activity. Acarbose standard antidiabetic drug which was used as positive control at concentrations 10-100μg/ml showed PPA inhibitory activity from 18.75% to 58.60% with an IC50 value of 83.19μg/ml [Table-17 and Graph-15].PHF of hot water extract at concentration10-100μg/ml showed maximum inhibitory effects on Alpha-Amylase activity from 23.44% to 88.22% with an IC50 value of 41.84μg/ml respectively [Table-18 and GraphWorld Journal of Pharmaceutical Research SJIF Impact Factor 5.990 Volume 5, Issue 1, 968-978. Research Article ISSN 2277– 7105 Article Received on 01 Nov 2015, Revised on 22 Nov 2015, Accepted on 12 Dec 2015


The Land Reform (Scotland) Act of 2003 demonstrated the capacity of the Scottish Parliament to promote economically redistributive policies by regulating land markets. However, the factors contributing to land reform suggest that it is more likely the consequence of unique political contexts than an indicator of sustained radicalism in the Parliament. Initially, institutional sponsorship by Westminster and Whitehall legitimised land reform as a legislative project. Subsequently, a cross-party consensus in Scotland linked land reform with democratisation, the issue resonated with Scottish Executive goals regarding sustainable development and the existence of funding streams for land purchases initially shielded the Executive from difficult budgetary questions.


Abstract Dormancy in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seed is imposed by certain physical and chemical factors associated with its covering structures, i.e.hull and pericarp. The nature of these germination blocks, their mode ofaction, and processes regulating the release of dormancy are not fully understood. Of nine rice cultivars studied, Ching-shi 15, Stejaree 45, PTB10, and Mahsuri are weakly dormant, and Bansphul, Benaful, Kataktara, Dular, and N22 are dormant. Release of seed dormancy in rice by various treatments, oxidative processes and enzymic changes associated with dormancy, and parallelism between natural and artificially imposed dormancy patterns were examined. The influence of the hull in imposing dormancy was stronger and more prolonged than that of the pericarp. Application of GA3 was effective in inducing germination only in weakly dormant cultivars. Dormancy was completely released in all cultivars by subjecting the seeds to moist heat treatment, by removing the hull and pericarp, and by applying GA3 after dehulling. Dormant cultivars had higher O2 uptake rate and peroxidase activity and lower amylase and dehydrogenase activities than the weakly dormant ones. Hull removal substantially decreased peroxidase activity but enhanced amylase and dehydrogenase activities. Nonanoic acid (C90), a short-chain saturated fatty acid (SCSFA), when exogenously applied to non-dormant seeds imposed dormancy. Dry heat treatment or presoaking in 0.01 m KNO3 or 0.1 m H2O2 was very effective in releasing SCSFA-imposed dormancy. Amylase activity was greatly reduced by treatments with nonanoic acid (C90) or ABA. Considering earlier reports and results of the present study, it is proposed that seed dormancy in rice is regulated both by the presence of SCSFAs and ABA in the hull and the pericarp. The relative significance of these substances in cultivars of tropical and temperate origins and its implications in terms of ecogeographic adaptability are discussed.


The influence of mineral admixture(single-added Fly ash,Slag or silica fume with different amounts),epoxy resin coating and their combination on concrete's ability to resist chloride ion erosion is studied.The result shows that concrete's ability to resist chloride ion penetration can be largely improved by the mineral admixture or the epoxy resin coating;the effect increases along with mineral admixture amount increased;the improving ability of the silica fume is the best,and then the slag,the fly ash is the last;the improving effect of the combination is the best.The mechanism of chloride ion penetration in concrete is analyzed,and the result indicates that the pozzolanic effects,packing role and original capability of binding the chloride ion of the mineral admixture are mainly responsible for the improvement of(concrete's) ability to resist chloride ions penetration.


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 The Syrian Studies Association honored Ambassador Nikolaos van Dam with a panel discussion at its annual reception in December 2011. The reception, held in conjunction with the Assocation's annual board and business meetings and the Middle East Studies Association Annual Meeting, included a critical appreciation of the fourth edition of van Dam's  The Struggle for Power in Syria: Politics and Society under Asad and the Ba'th Party (I. B. Tauris, 2011). Syrian Studies Association President Fred Lawson presided over a panel that included Professor Joshua Landis of the University of Oklahoma and Professor Lisa Wedeen of the University of Chicago.


The protective effect of low oxygen concentrations in the radiosensitivity of cells has been well established by numerous experiments both in vitro and in vivo (1, 4, 5, 12). Because some tumors probably contain areas of relative hypoxia or anoxia (10), there is a possibility of variation in radiosensitivity within the tumor volume, depending on the state of oxygenation of its individual cells. One way to eliminate this variation would be to remove all oxygen, thereby equalizing the radiosensitivity of all tumor cells as far as the oxygen effect is concerned. At the same time, the surrounding normal tissues would be rendered anoxic. The question to be determined is whether or not induced anoxia would protect tumor and normal tissues to the same degree; if so, nothing has been gained. If anoxia, however, protects the normal tissue to a greater degree, than the tumor, the net effect would be a relative increase in tumor radiosensitivity. The present experiment was carried out to test this hypothesis. The da...


Background: Thyroid disorders represent an important public health problem worldwide. Excess thyroid hormone in the circulation due to any cause is termed as thyrotoxicosis. There are many causes of thyrotoxicosis, and it is important to find the cause as this will determine the management of the condition. 99mTcO4scintigraphy is diagnostic tool to differentiate various causes of thyrotoxicosis. This study aims to study the age and gender distribution of different causes of thyrotoxicosis.
Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of technetium pertechnetate(99mTcO4) thyroid scintigraphy reports done of patients having thyrotoxicosis from the period of January 01, 2016, to December 31, 2016, at the Nuclear Medicine unit of National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu. Gender and age group analysis of the data was done using SPSS program.
Results: A total of 211 reports of 99m TcO 4 thyroid scintigraphy were included in the study. There were 61 male patients and 150 female patients. Various causes of thyrotoxicosis like thyroiditis, Graves' disease, autonomous functioning thyroid nodule, toxic multinodular goiter was detected. Apart from toxic multinodular goiter, these disorders were more common in the age group 18-50 years and females.
Conclusion: 99mTcO4 thyroid scintigraphy is one of the easy and highly effective tools for the differential diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis. Both thyroiditis and Graves' disease are more predominant in the age group 18-50 years and in females. Further large community-based studies will be required for exact prevalence of the diseases in the population.


An investigation was carried out at Bankura, West Bengal on 4-year-old vines of Arka Neelamani plantedat 3 m × 2 m on Y-trellis with the objective to study the effect of micronutrients on growth dynamics, yieldand fruit quality. There were 11 treatments viz., ZnSO4 at 0.1 & 0.2%; borax at 0.2 & 0.3%; FeSO4 at 0.1 & 0.15%; CuSO4 at 0.1 & 0.15%; MnSO4 at 0.1 & 0.15% and control (water spray). The experiment was conductedfollowing randomized block design having three replications with three vines in each replication. Results ofthree consecutive years of investigation revealed that micronutrients had significant role in respect of growthdynamics, fruit yield, quality improvement and maintaining the vine vigour. Among the micronutrients, boraxand zinc at 0.2% concentration of each played dominant role on various aspect of growth morphogenesis, yieldand fruit quality. The treatments not only gave higher fruit production in respect of yield (7.2–8.5 kg), bunchweight (233–289 g) and 10-berry weight (29.1–29.2 g) but also improved the fruit quality in respect of higher TSS/acid ratio (35.4–38.7). The treatments helped for better growth morphogenesis, which resulted in more fruitingspurs (84.1–91.4%) for the current year crop and renewal spurs (85.7–86.2%) for the next year crop. Besides, the treatments maintained the better plant vigour by producing less number of dead shoots.


The topic of this chapter is forecasting with nonlinear models. First, a number of well-known nonlinear models are introduced and their properties discussed. These include the smooth transition regression model, the switching regression model whose univariate counterpart is called threshold autoregressive model, the Markov-switching or hidden Markov regression model, the artificial neural network model, and a couple of other models. Many of these nonlinear models nest a linear model. For this reason, it is advisable to test linearity before estimating the nonlinear model one thinks will fit the data. A number of linearity tests are discussed. These form a part of model specification: the remaining steps of nonlinear model building are parameter estimation and evaluation that are also briefly considered. There are two possibilities of generating forecasts from nonlinear models. Sometimes it is possible to use analytical formulas as in linear models. In many other cases, however, forecasts more than one periods ahead have to be generated numerically. Methods for doing that are presented and compared. The accuracy of point forecasts can be compared using various criteria and statistical tests. Some of these tests have the property that they are not applicable when one of the two models under comparison nests the other one. Tests that have been developed in order to work in this situation are described. The chapter also contains a simulation study showing how, in some situations, forecasts from a correctly specified nonlinear model may be inferior to ones from a certain linear model. There exist relatively large studies in which the forecasting performance of nonlinear models is compared with that of linear models using actual macroeconomic series. Main features of some such studies are briefly presented and lessons from them described. In general, no dominant nonlinear (or linear) model has emerged.


There is great interest in metal-hydrogen systems. When small amounts of hydrogen are absorbed by elemental metals and alloys, the engineering materials made of the systems exhibit strong changes in their physical and mechanical properties. These changes, and hydrogen embrittlement, can be considered detrimental to the structural performance of the materials. However, the changes, often studied by metallurgists and metal physicists, can present new possibilities and applications. An example is the interest in safe, solid-state hydrogen storage in metallic lattices. The effect of elasto-plastic deformation on hydrogen sorption in light metals and hydrides has been studied in an MTL project. It has been observed that high-rate impacting of pure magnesium has an effect on hydrogen storage capacity. Furthermore, analysis of the state of residual stress performed by X-ray diffraction method for the first time in such high-rate, milled materials, indicates a very complex stress distribution dependent on the time of milling. The milling in increments of 10 minutes from 0, original un-milled material, to 30 minutes, indicates extensive changes in the stress states.


Quantum-defect theory relies first and foremost on its characterization of long-range field solutions in terms of smoothly varying phase and amplitude parameters. We consider in detail some examples of long-range potentials for which this characterization is not known analytically, and we show that Milne's phase-amplitude procedure determines these parameters simply and efficiently. Provided the boundary condition on the Milne amplitude function alpha(r) is chosen in an optimal fashion, all of the long-range field parameters vary smoothly with energy and radius.


The user's usage continuance of an information system (IS) has been considered as a key factor in determining whether an IS is useful or not. This usage continuance not only allows firms to recoup their IS investment but also represents the sustainability of IS success. However, continuance of IS usage is a long-term organizational process; it can be influenced by contingency factors (e.g., environmental and situational conditions) and has different effects on IS users. This paper attempts to apply the contingency theory approach to explore the complex relationship between IS effectiveness and user's usage intention. Contingency factors usually are organization-dependent, thus we must examine their differences between organizations. For this purpose, we proposed a multilevel research model using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) method. A sample of 485 IS users and 166 IS department employees from 47 firms was surveyed to verify our model. The findings have several implications for IS management.


The nonideality studies on biquadratic log-domain filters are extended to cover high-order filter deviations. It is shown that the log-domain filter nonidealities can be classically understood as integrator magnitude and phase errors, which also bear direct relationship to the component drifts and parasitic dissipations experienced by their passive ancestors. This insight allows us to apply the well-proven LC ladder nonideality theories to our relatively unexplored log-domain regime. We quantify the high-order log-domain filter deviations due to major transistor nonidealities such as parasitic junction resistances, finite beta, and Early effect. SPICE simulations are performed to verify the results. By promoting physical understandings based on the passive ladder, effective and straightforward compensation schemes are proposed.


The photosensitivity reactions are abnormal responses of the skin after exposure normal, to light radiation. In this review article have devoted attention to the photodermatosis more common in our environment; this is, the photosensitivity reactions induced by external agents or exogenous with the capacity to absorb light energy, the so-called phototoxic reactions and photoallergy. We present a simple description of reactions, the elements mostly involved, their most significant differences, its treatment and prevention.


This paper documents the 3D modeling and simulation of a three couple thermoelectric module using the Synopsys Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD) semiconductor simulation software. Simulation results are presented for thermoelectric power generation, cooling and heating, and successfully demonstrate the basic thermoelectric principles. The 3D TCAD simulation model of a three couple thermoelectric module can be used in the future to evaluate different thermoelectric materials, device structures, and improve the efficiency and performance of thermoelectric modules.


The invention provides a six-guide-wheel multi-line cutting machine, which is used for solving the problem that a cutting line of an existing multi-line cutting machine is unsmooth to route. The machine is provided with a pay-off roller component, a pay-off guide wheel component, a grooved wheel component, a take-up guide wheel component, a take-up roller component, a cutting line and a worktable, wherein one end of the cutting line is intertwined on the pay-off roller component; the cutting line is guided and intertwined on the grooved wheel component through the pay-off guide wheel component to form a steel wire net, and then is guided and intertwined on the take-up roller component through the take-up guide wheel component; the cutting line is jointly driven by the pay-off roller component and the take-up roller component to realize reciprocating motion; the multi-line cutting machine realizes the feeding of a workpiece through the lifting of the worktable, and is characterized in that total six guide wheels are arranged in each of the pay-off guide wheel component and the take-up guide wheel component. By applying the six-guide-wheel multi-line cutting machine, not only can the cutting speed be improved, but also the product quality is guaranteed; meanwhile, the service life of the cutting line is also prolonged, and the production cost is lowered.


Central nervous system (CNS) infection remains an important problem among transplant recipients. The recent review by Singh and Husain and this letter from Yugoslavia underline the following: a subacute‐chronic presentation is typical of fungal and bacterial CNS infections; early diagnosis is the key to effective therapy; the indication for a CNS evaluation is an unexplained headache, particularly in conjunction with a change in the level of consciousness (classical meningeal findings may not be present in a timely fashion); and the minimum CNS evaluation is a cranial computerized tomographic (CT) scan and a lumbar puncture.


The results of the initial survey at the Public Health Center in the port area of Padang City, showed a trend of increasing cases of HIV/AIDS. In 2014 there were 15 cases, in 2015 there were 21 cases and in 2016 there were 24 cases. The purpose of this study was to analyze risk factor of HIV/AIDS transmission to loading workers in port of Padang City. This type of research was analytic with cross sectional design. This research was conducted from January to May 2019 in the port of Padang City. The study population numbered 834 people and the total sample were 90 people. Sampling was done by cluster sampling technique. Primary data collection is done by interview using a questionnaire. Data analysis includes univariate and bivariate analysis. The results showed a relationship between social pressure with risk behaviors for transmitting HIV/AIDS (P value = 0.011), no relationship between perception of vulnerability with risk behavior transmission of HIV/AIDS (P Value = 0.103) and no relationship between knowledge with risk behaviors for transmitting HIV/AIDS (P Value = 1.00).


We define the subclass of close-to-convex functions by using the concept of convolution and subordination and it is shown that functions in this class are univalent. Several interesting properties such as radius problems, coefficient bounds, invariance property under convex convolution and integral representation. We also study these properties of functions belonging to newly defined class under certain univalent integral operators. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 30C45 ; Secondary 30C50


Scratch-pad memory (SPM) allocators that exploit the presence of affine references to arrays are important for scientific benchmarks. On the other hand, such allocators have so far been limited in their general applicability. In this paper we propose an integrated scheme that for the first time combines the specialized solution for affine program allocation with a general framework for other code. We find that our integrated framework does as well or outperforms other allocators for a variety of SPM sizes


This issue offers a nice overview of circumpolar health research in the form of reviews presented at the international symposium on "Populations in Transition: The Health of Circumpolar Indigenous Peoples" held in Toronto this year. Thanks are due to the authors and special editor Kue Young for their contribution. These articles are a valuable addition to the Supplement of the 12th International Congress of Circumpolar Health mailed to the subscribers at the beginning of this September.


An engine mount (10), including the overall shape of a rectangular block of the main rubber elastic body (16); the upper (28, 30) fixed to the rubber elastic body top and bottom end face, the lower mounting member (12, 14 in the front edge around the front, rear end surface (40, 42) extending in a direction spaced horizontal hand-like), the engine mount - the axis (44) mounted in a state inclined at a predetermined angle, wherein the top and bottom end faces spaced a top extending in a direction - the axis of the bottom (32) and extending in the left direction spaced apart right and left end surfaces (34, 36) - a right axis (38) with respect to the vertical and horizontal axes inclined at a predetermined angle; and one pair of projection block (50), the projecting portion of the front block, the rear end surface of the central portion along the front - to-rear axis and projecting outward are formed integrally with the elastic body. The present invention also discloses a support structure of the vibration damping engine mount.


Studies of speech sensorimotor learning often manipulate auditory feedback by modifying isolated acoustic parameters such as formant frequency or fundamental frequency using near real-time resynthesis of a participant's speech. An alternative approach is to engage a participant in a total remapping of the sensorimotor working space using a virtual vocal tract. To support this approach for studying speech sensorimotor learning, we have developed a system to control an articulatory synthesizer using electromagnetic articulography data. Articulator movement data from the NDI Wave System are streamed to a Maeda articulatory synthesizer. The resulting synthesized speech provides auditory feedback to the participant. This approach allows the experimenter to generate novel articulatory-acoustic mappings. Moreover, the acoustic output of the synthesizer can be perturbed using acoustic resynthesis methods. Since no robust speech-acoustic signal is required from the participant, this system will allow for the study...


This paper deals with acoustic event detection (AED), such as screams, gunshots, and explosions, in noisy environments. The main aim is to improve the detection performance under adverse conditions with a very low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). A novel filtering method combined with an energy detector is presented. The wavelet packet transform (WPT) is first used for time-frequency representation of the acoustic signals. The proposed filter in the wavelet packet domain then uses a priori knowledge of the target event and an estimate of noise features to selectively suppress the background noise. It is in fact a content-aware band-pass filter which can automatically pass the frequency bands that are more significant in the target than in the noise. Theoretical analysis shows that the proposed filtering method is capable of enhancing the target content while suppressing the background noise for signals with a low SNR. A condition to increase the probability of correct detection is also obtained. Experiments have been carried out on a large dataset of acoustic events that are contaminated by different types of environmental noise and white noise with varying SNRs. Results show that the proposed method is more robust and better adapted to noise than ordinary energy detectors, and it can work even with an SNR as low as -15 dB. A practical system for real time processing and multi-target detection is also proposed in this work.


Association of Directors of Children's Services president Alison Michalska says agencies must work together to convince government to invest more in services, while councils must get greater powers to influence education


Provides information on the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire which assesses two types of dysphoric experiences, namely, interpersonal issues such as loss, abandonment and loneliness and issues of self-esteem such as failure, guilt and a lack of self-worth and autonomy. Positive correlation of the Dependence subscale with measures of depression; Application of the Facet Theory and Smallest Space Analysis.


Not Our Kind of Girl: Unraveling the Myths of Black Teenage Motherhood. E. B. Kaplan. Berkeley: University of California Press. 1997. 250 pp. ISBN 0-520-20858-7. $15.95 paper. Elaine Bell Kaplan has introduced through her extensive study of Black teen mothers some new concepts or at least a new way of viewing old concepts of Black teenage pregnancy. This 1986 research study included both low-income and middle-class mothers. Kaplan promotes a strengths perspective in her portrayal of these mothers, which is a positive approach to interpreting behaviors of minorities who have traditionally been described in social science literature as having little or no strength. However, Kaplan's description of the social workers in the program where she obtained her sample is disturbing. She describes these social workers as judgmental, unprepared to work with this population of women, and ineffective. These qualities are not those promoted by the social work profession. Kaplan integrates the works of Moynihan (1965), Stack (1974), Wilson (1987), Williams and Kornblum (1985), Ladner and Gourdine (1984) in her study. The promotion or critique of these studies provides a theoretical framework for Kaplan's analyses. These and other social scientists' research on teenage pregnancy provides a broad base of analysis for Kaplan's data. The population stratification of using current teens and adults who had been teen mothers and were low to middle class is confusing at times. The inclusion of the table in the indices is helpful in clarifying who were the participants in this study. Most notable is Kaplan's concept of "poverty of relationships," which she defines as critical to the circumstances experienced by the participants in the study. The relationships between the young women and their mothers often were strained. However, it was clear that the father-daughter relationships were either nonexistent or fantasized. The relationships the teen mothers experienced with the fathers of their children were fragmented, unrealistic, demeaning, and controlling. It seems that the young women were desperate for solid, supportive relationships but found or were found by men who exhibited the traits of their fathers, or they were so naive about building relationships that sexual encounters became the mainstay of the experience of intimacy for them. These young women, in essence, were seeking love in all the wrong places. Kaplan states that society has presented females with a notion that their selfdefinition relies on their relationship with males. A new type of education for women is needed, Kaplan says. Kaplan also deals with the issue of morality in the Black community. …


A retrospective exposure assessment of a group of manganese (Mn) alloy workers was performed in conjunction with a 2004 follow-up study, 14 years after cessation of exposure, to evaluate the long-term effects of occupational Mn exposure on neurobehavioral functions. The ferro- and silico-Mn alloy plant opened in 1973 and closed in 1991. The airborne total Mn (TMn) exposures for job groupings were established using personal sampling data from a 1991 industrial hygiene survey. Historical short-term total dust (TDust) data were used to estimate past TDust exposure for job groupings and plant areas. Relationships between Mn content and TDust from the 1991 survey, supported by sparse historical data, were used to estimate TMn content in the historical TDust data. Results showed past personal TDust exposure levels much higher than those found in 1991. Changes in TDust levels and corresponding TMn levels were a function of changes in ventilation, work practices, and operations, not of product (ferro- or silico-Mn). Relationships between TMn and respirable Mn (RMn) from area sampling in 1991 were used to estimate RMn exposure for the job groups. Work histories for 112 workers were developed from payroll records, questionnaires, and interviews and combined with Mn exposure estimates to develop cumulative exposure indices (CEIs). The TMn CEI ranged from 0.27 mg/m 3 × years to 100.24 mg/m 3 × years, with an AM of 24.40 mg/m 3 × years and a GM of 14.06 mg/m 3 × years. The RMn CEI had an AM of 2.95 mg/m 3 × years and a GM of 1.78 mg/m 3 × years with a range of 0.05–12.03 mg/m 3 × years. Overall average TMn exposure intensity, the TMn CEI divided by time worked in years for each worker, had an AM of 1.6 mg Mn/m 3 , a GM of 1.0 mg Mn/m 3 , range 0.02–6.2 6 mg Mn/m 3 . The results of the 2004 follow-up study showed several concentration-response relationships between TMn CEI and neurobehavioral outcomes, which suggest that increase in cumulative TMn exposure level has long-term consequences on the nervous system.


Predator-prey interactions in the wild are scarcely observed or photo documented. This kind of natural history information is vital to understanding trophic chains and the ecology of the species involved. We present relevant new information regarding the diet of the Mesoamerican Boa (Boa imperator) in the northern region of the Selva Lacandona in Chiapas, Mexico. We expect that this information will be beneficial for the understanding of trophic webs in this multicultural and biodiverse region from southern Mexico.


Helicopter collision avoidance radar can detect low altitude obstacles located at the flight route,which is an effective way to ensure the safety of low flying helicopter.Some necessarily characteristics of helicopter collision avoidance are included such as high resolution,large scan volume,high data refreshment and high detection capability.Based on the analysis of radar characteristics,the key technologies of helicopter collision avoidance radar are extracted in this paper,then its development trends are proposed.The analysis is meaningful for choosing development direction of helicopter collision avoidance radar.


The electrical conductivity of LPCVD polysilicon doped with oxygen atoms(acromymSIPOS)films has been measured to study the electrical properties of SIPOS.The results showthat the electrical properties of SIPOS depend on both oxygen contents and annealing processes.The electrical conductivity decreases while the oxygen content in SIPOS increases.The temper-.ature dependence of the electrical conductivity of SIPOS during annealing shows that there aretwo kinds of conduction mechanisms,that is,conductivities of SIPOS are concerned in the reac-tion of Si-O bonds and the recrystallization of SIPOS during low temperature500℃)and hightemperature900℃)annealing,respectively.In addition,the doping effect on the conductivityof SIPOS has been studied.It has been observed that doping made the increase of conductivityin SIPOS,but the oxygen contents apparently suppressed the increase of conductivity in doped-SIPOS.


The project work concentrates on the development of a summer air conditioning system for the Mechanical Engineering wing in the College of Engineering building at King Faisal University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A complete air conditioning system consists of the basic air conditioning system coupled with the refrigeration system and its associated pumping and cooling tower systems. In this paper, the development of the basic air conditioning system is considered. Therein, sensible and latent heat loads from various sources were evaluated in the mechanical engineering wing and a basic air conditioning system was developed. Based on mixing conditions, five different cases, were considered in this project. As a part of air conditioning system, the basic design of the cooling coil was developed. The cooling coil is a cross flow heat exchanger and it is assumed to be operating in counter cross flow configuration. Performance charts were developed for the counter cross flow heat exchanger in terms of meaningful dimensionless parameters. These charts will certainly help heat exchanger designers in developing the most cost efficient heat exchanger.


This article unveils African concept of person and its implication on human thinking. It expounds the two schools of thought on the concept of person found in the continent: Communitarian, and Ontological school. The former holds that personhood is community given and thus it can only be ascribed to the one who live and acts according to the norms prescribed by the society. The latter describes the notion of personhood from innate perspective. It eschews all communal attributes in the description of the idea of personhood. The article endorse communitarian school of thought as it affirms that African person is a communitarian being. On the other side, it refutes ontological school of thought by asserting that ontological concept of personhood is Western notion which has been Africanized and presented in local languages. The article claims that African communitarian nature has always eradicated heterogeneous thinking and exalted homogeneous mentality in the continent.


References http://www.genome.org/cgi/content/full/16/5/636#otherarticles Article cited in: http://www.genome.org/cgi/content/full/16/5/636#References This article cites 48 articles, 29 of which can be accessed free at: Open Access Freely available online through the Genome Research Open Access option. service Email alerting click here top right corner of the article or Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article sign up in the box at the Notes


High-resolution spectra of new Rydberg states of H/sub 2/ in the extreme uv region were obtained by two-step doubly resonant excitation followed by H/sup -/-ion detection. Resolved Fano-line profiles showing a sign reversal of the profile index along the Rydberg series were observed for the first time in H/sub 2/. Dynamical information such as lifetimes and relative transition strengths was also derived.


This paper presents a setup to characterize GaN HEMTS devices under short-circuit events and the degradation of some of their parameters. First, the previous literature in the field is introduced. Both, the behavior under single and repetitive short-circuits and failure mechanisms are discussed. Then, a systematic method is proposed to "on-board" measure the critical electrical parameters and analyze the behavior of DUTs under short-circuit failures to build a reliability model. Subsequently, multiple tests with different conditions have been performed to characterize in detail GaN HEMTs. Finally, pure short-circuit tests have been performed to identify critical parameters and aging indicators. The reliability challenge of GaN devices could be addressed by having on-board, in-system prognostics, and device health monitoring techniques to predict device failures well ahead of time.


Although radio transmission of analog signals has been known for over 100 yr., very few investigators have exploited this approach to the systematic study of overt human movement. The small number of known previous applications are critically reviewed and suggestions made regarding future possibilities. Now that micro-electronic transmitters are commonplace, the only major obstacle to future use of this technique seems to rest with the design of unobtrusive motion transducers which are parsimonious in the acquisition of relevant data.


The mechanical and impact resistant properties of needle punched non-woven glass fibre composites have been studied. The non-woven composites showed an improvement in mechanical properties with increasing fibre entanglements caused by needle punching. At the same time fibre damage during the needle punching process caused an impairment of performance. Tensile, bending, impact, compression after impact and mode-I tests were performed to investigate the effect of punching density on the mechanical properties. The tensile strength increased with punching density, but the tensile modulus, absorbed impact energy and bending properties decreased. The non-woven composites showed more isotropic mechanical properties with increasing punching density. The energy absorption capability under repeated impact showed a maximum at the low range punching density. The higher the punching density the smaller was the reduction in compression strength after impact. The mode-I interlaminar fracture toughness (GIc) increased with punching density due to the through-the-thickness reinforcing fibres. It was three times as tough as the woven laminate composites. At the optimum punching densities, non-woven composites showed profoundly improved mechanical and impact properties compared with woven laminate composites.


Two methods for the difluorovinylidenation of carbonyl compounds have been developed to synthesize 1, 1-difluoroallenes bearing various substituents. The reaction of 1-bromo-2,2-difluorovinyllithium, generated from 1,1-dibromo-2,2-difluoroethylene and n-butyl-lithium, with aldehydes or ketones, and subsequent acetylation, gives 2-bromo-3,3-difluoroallylic acetates. Elimination of these acetates with n-butyllithium affords 1,1-difluoroallenes in high yield. 3,3-Difluoro-2-iodoallylic acetates are similarly prepared from aldehydes or ketones on treatment with 2,2-difluoro-1-iodovinyllithium, generated from 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-iodoethane and lithium diisopropylamide, followed by acetylation. These acetates readily undergo elimination with zinc metal to afford 1,1-difluoroallenes in high yield.


Abstract The Sokobanja basin is an area in Eastern Serbia with diverse geological and geomorphological features. Also, it is an area with developed spa tourism. The Sokobanja basin has numerous geoheritage features, which tourist potential has not been discovered yet. In this article, several geosites were analyzed, which present significant geoheritage formations. Geosites were selected by authors of this article based on the degree of their attractiveness for the geotourism development. The main goal of this article is to emphasize the geotourism potential of the Sokobanja basin and to determine the current state and geotourism potential of evaluated geosites by applying the modified geosite assessment model (M-GAM). A total of seven geosites were evaluated throughout the basin. The values of the investigated parameters were entered into the matrix of the M-GAM based on the number of points. Based on the research and the results obtained, it can be concluded that the Sokobanja basin has the potential for the development of geotourism, but it is necessary to improve additional values to become a true geotourism destination.


In a 2-yr study, gas chromatography was used to determine the presence of residues of the herbicide triallate in the cloves of cured garlic (Allium sativum L.) bulbs following preplant incorporation of triallate at 2.2 kg ha−1. Triallate residues were not detected in the cloves of mature bulbs in either year. Recoveries of triallate were 82.1 ± 6.9% and 93.8 ± 4.9% from garlic clove tissue fortified at 0.1 and 0.02 mg kg−1, respectively. Key words: Triallate, garlic, residues, gas chromatography


Proteomic approaches combining two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), bioinformatics analysis and mass spectrometry were applied to identify stress-ralated proteins. This research was study proteomical analysis with Progenesis Software V.2.0 under vernalization cold. Leaf total protein extraction was carried out using IPG. The gels were analyzed by Progenesis software V.2.0. A match set was created from the protein patterns of four gels for each independent extract which allows spot matching among multiple gels. Proteins that showed changes in expression were identified by mass spectrometry using MS/QTOF. TerC and DnaK were two of the important proteins that showed the significant difference between two temperature treatments. DanK molecular chaperone plays an essential role in the folding of newly synthesized polypeptides and in the refolding of denatured proteins. DanK and it'scogenate proteins consist of a highly conserved NH2-terminal ATPase domain and a COOH-terminal peptide-binding domain. The TerC serves as a key component of the tellurite resistance operon in prokariotes, It's function has remained undetermined until now. Nonetheiess, it is thought that the TerC protein may play one of the key roles in tellurite resistance mechanim it is thought that the TerCtellurite resistance C protein has a different function that the function of transmembrane transport postulated for TeO3-2. Keywords: Assay, Progenesis, Software, Protein TerC & DanK


In 1928 New York native Muriel Earley Sheppard moved with her mining engineer husband to the Toe River Valley -- an isolated pocket in North Carolina between the Blue Ridge and Iron Mountains. Sheppard began visiting her neighbors and forming friendships in remote coves and rocky clearings, and in 1935 her account of life in the mountains -- Cabins in the Laurel -- was published. The book included 128 striking photographs by the well-known Chapel Hill photographer, Bayard Wootten, a frequent visitor to the area. The early reviews of Cabins in the Laurel were overwhelmingly positive, but the mountain people -- Sheppard's friends and subjects -- initially felt that she had portrayed them as too old-fashioned, even backward. As novelist John Ehle shows in his foreword, though, fifty years have made a huge difference, and the people of the Toe River Valley have been among its most affectionate readers. This new large-format edition, which makes use of many of Wootten's original negatives, will introduce Sheppard's words and Wootten's photography to a whole new generation of readers -- in the Valley and beyond. |The Church of God in Christ (COGIC), an African American Pentecostal denomination founded in 1896, has become the largest Pentecostal denomination in the United States today. In this first major study of the church, Anthea Butler examines the religious and social lives of the women in the COGIC Women's Department from its founding in 1911 through the mid-1960s. She finds that the sanctification, or spiritual purity, that these women sought earned them social power both in the church and in the black community.


We propose projections as means of identifying and estimating the components (endogenous and exogenous) of an additive nonlinear ARX model. The estimates are nonparametric in nature and involve averaging of kernel-type estimates. Such estimates have recently been treated informally in a univariate time series situation. Here we extend the scope to nonlinear ARX models and present a rigorous theory, including the derivation of asymptotic normality for the projection estimates under a precise set of regularity conditions.


ABSTRACT The Dublin Docklands have become a key site for technology-friendly urban development in post-crisis Ireland. Local urban governance institutions have recommitted Dublin to the objective of 'competitiveness', enabling an expansion of the technology sector within a newly established Special Development Zone. We argue that this mantra of technology-friendly development is a new phase of neoliberal restructuring of Dublin's economy. Using interviews, content analysis, and building on the 'Silicon Docks' as case site, findings show that, just as neoliberalism was rendered most visible by the crisis, these respective institutions reinvigorated neoliberal logics through an endorsement of the technology sector.


Trade Association is applied to numerous local, regional and national mutual-benefit, no-profit association of business firms engaged in the same or closely related economic business. The Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act of Korea(here in after KFTA) includes four regulations of prohibited activites by trade association. The prohibition of restriction on the activities that are not covered by articles 19, 23 and 29 of KFTA. It should be noted that the substantial restraints on competition should be established to condemn the retriction on the activities of members by trade association.


Successive discrimination reversal learning was investigated in eight brushtail possums. The subjects were trained on position or brightness problems using a non-correction procedure. All four possums in the position group completed 19 reversals, three subjects demonstrating one-trial learning on several occasions. Acquisition of the brightness problem appeared more difficult; no possum achieved even the first reversal. Reversal indices and learning set scores for the position group of possums appeared comparable with, if not superior to, those reported in earlier studies for some rodents, carnivores, and primates. These findings were not consistent with the view of marsupials as "primitive" mammals.


A fixed data printer is associated with a variable transaction data printer to print a customer receipt and includes a pivoted tape guide member having a tear-off edge by which the tape is severed after passing through the transaction data printer. When the tape is severed over the tear-off edge, a platen section on the guide member presses the tape against a printing member having type thereon representing fixed data, such as a store name, advertising material, etc. to transfer an impression of such fixed data to the tape.


Left ventricular mass (LVM) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular outcome. M-mode echocardiography, the most commonly used technique for estimation of LVM. The purpose of this study is to establish the regression models for prediction of LVM, measure the normal values of the LVM in normal Iraqi subjects and to compare them with values obtained in Europe, American and Arab people. Keyword: left ventricular mass (LVM), Relative Wall thickness (RWT), Echocardiography, Left ventricular mass index (LVMI). Introduction It is well known that increased left ventricular mass (LVM) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality (1, 2, 3). Regression of the LVM index has been found to be associated with lower rates of clinical cardiovascular events (4). Several authors suggest that it may be a useful parameter in risk stratification and guiding treatment, especially for hypertensive patients at low or medium risk (5, 6). For these reasons, accurate estimation of LVM has crucial importance. Echocardiography is the most commonly used technique for the estimation of LVM (7, 8, 9, and 10). Devereux et al (11, 12) proposed a formula for estimation of LVM and found that the LVM calculated by this formula was consistent with the necropsy data. Calculation of LVM by this formula requires some geometric assumptions. Also, it is found good correlation between echocardiography LVM and true anatomic LVM (11). The relation between race-ethnicity and LVM has not been fully explored (13). Blacks are more likely to have increased LVM than whites (14, 15).While the values of LVM in Arab people are not significantly different from that obtained in Europe and North America (16). To the best of our knowledge, prediction models for left ventricular mass have not been established in Iraqi people. This study aimed to establishing linear regression models, and to develop normal data for LVM based on age, sex, body weight, height, and body surface area to look if these data are significantly different from their estimated values by Mmode echocardiography method for blacks, whites and Arab-people. Materials and Method A total of one hundred Iraqi subjects were studied in Baghdadteaching hospital/ Eachocardiography unit between the january2009 to April-2009. One hundred normal subjects were recruited as 50 males and 50 females. Their ages ranged from 19 years to 70 years with mean ages standard deviations of 46.46 15.73 and 43.96 15.44 for men and women respectively. Any subject with evidence of heart disease, hypertension or other systemic disease was excluded. Examination included measurements of blood pressure, height, weight, body surface area (BSA), and body mass index (BMI). The body mass index (BMI) was calculated as (BMI = weight/height) (17). Body surface area (BSA) was calculated by: [BSA in (m) = 0.0001 * 71.84 (weight in Kg) 0.425 (Height in cm)* 0.725] (18). Echocardiography was performed with Philips ultrasound system with a 3 MHz transducer and measurements were taken by standard two-dimensional (2-D) protocol according to the guidelines of the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) (19). Posterior wall thicknesses (PWT) in diastole, Septal Wall thickness (SWT) in diastole and end diastolic diameter (EDD) were measured Ramaq Ghassan Wahbi Al-Kadi 76 in all subjects. Relative wall thickness (RWT) was calculated as the ratio of 2 [posterior wall thickness / end diastolic diameter] (17). Left ventricular mass was calculated according to the formula published by Devereux and Reichek (11): LVM = 1.04 [ (SWT + LVID + PWT) (LVID) ] 13.6. LVM was then indexed to body size by dividing raw LVM by height to allometric power of 2.7 and analyzed as a continuous variable (20, 21). Data Analysis Pearson s correlation coefficients were derived relating indexed and un-indexed values of LVM measured by M-mode echocardiography and measures body size, weight, height, and body surface area. LVM was also correlated to age. Means SD were calculated for continuous variables. Linear regression models for continuous variables were performed. Statistical significance was determined at the = 0.05 level using two sided-tests. Statistical analyses were conducted using WINKS SDA-statistical Data Analysis Version 6.0.5 computer software. Results One hundred Iraqi subjects were enrolled in this study. Equal numbers of men and women enrolled into the study (fifty each) were healthy and free of any medical disease Subjects ages ranged from 19 to 70 years with mean age SD of 46.46 15.73 and 43.96 15.44 in men and women, respectively. The characteristics of the study subjects are summarized in Table (1). Table (1) Descriptive statistics of cardiac parameters in 100 healthy subjects (males and females).


A touch panel according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a substrate in which an effective area and a non-effective area surrounding the effective area are defined; printing layers which are printed on the non-effective area; and a sensor unit which emits light in a direction of the substrate and receives light. The printing layer includes: a first white layer printed on the substrate; a second white layer printed on the first white layer; and a black layer printed on the first and second white layers. A method for manufacturing a touch panel according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps of preparing a substrate in which an effective area and a non-effective area surrounding the effective area are defined; printing printing layers on the non-effective area of the substrate; and depositing a transparent electrode layer on the effective area, wherein the step of printing the printing layers includes: printing a first white layer on the substrate; printing a second white layer on the first white layer; and printing a black layer on the first and second white layers.


The first documented outbreak of RRV occurred in 1928 in Narranderra and Hay in New South Wales2,3 with subsequent outbreaks described during World War II among troops in the Northern Territory4 and Queensland.5 The virus was isolated in 1959 from an Aedes vigilax mosquito along the Ross River near Townsville in Queensland,6 although it was not until 1985 that it was isolated from an Australian patient with polyarthritis.7 Outbreaks have since occurred in all Australian states, including Tasmania, and have occurred in metropolitan areas of Sydney (New South Wales),8 Perth (Western Australia)9 and Brisbane (Queensland).10 Most notifications are from Queensland, with high case rates also reported from Northern Territory and the Kimberley region in Western Australia (Figure 1). Risk factors for outbreaks include higher rainfalls and higher maximum tides,11 and in northern Australia most cases occur during the months January to April. The largest ever RRV outbreak, affecting more than 60 000 people, occurred in the western Pacific in 1979–1980 and involved the islands of Fiji,12 Samoa,13 the Cook Islands,14 and New Caledonia.15 The virus apparently disappeared from the region, although was recently reported again in travellers returning from Fiji,16,17 suggesting the probable reintroduction of RRV to Fiji from the neighbouring endemic regions of Australia, Papua New Guinea or the Solomon Islands. Over 30 mosquito species have been implicated as possible vectors of RRV, but those most strongly associated with transmission include the tidal breeding Ae. vigilax (Figure 2) and Ae. camptorhynchus, found along the northern and southern Australian coastlines respectively, and the freshwater Culex annulirostris, found throughout all of Australia, except Tasmania (Table 1). Ae. notoscriptus has also been implicated as a likely vector. Kangaroos and wallabies are the main reservoir hosts of RRV, although in urban areas possums and horses, and possibly birds and flying foxes, may play a role.18 During epidemics, humanBackground Ross River virus is Australia's most common and widespread arbovirus. It causes epidemic polyarthritis and is associated with significant morbidity and cost to society.


Recommended Citation Gesing, Leah; Johnson, Anna K.; Stalder, Kenneth J.; Ritter, Matthew; Moody, Jim; Donovan, Tara; Jablonski, Eva; Johnson, Dave; and Johnson, Angie (2012) "The Influence of Small Versus Large Pen Design on Health and Lesion Scores of the Grow-finisher Pig," Animal Industry Report: AS 658, ASL R2727. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-611 Available at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ans_air/vol658/iss1/59


This paper describes the ongoing work of the authors in translating two-level system design techniques used in Health Informatics to the Earth Systems Science domain. Health informaticians have developed a sophisticated two-level systems design approach for electronic health documentation over many years, and with the use of archetypes, have shown how knowledge interoperability among heterogenous systems can be achieved. Translating two-level modelling techniques to a new domain is a complex task. A proof-of-concept archetype enabled data buoy eco-system is presented. The concept of operational templates-as-aservice is proposed. Design recommendations and implementation experiences of re-working the proposed architecture to run on ultra-resource constrained data buoy platforms using templates-as-service are described.


The aim was to conduct a meta‐analysis of the randomized evidence to determine the relative merits of laparoscopic (LIHR) and open (OIHR) inguinal hernia repair.


Wheel comprising a rim (1), a hub (2), and at least one connecting device (3) of the rim (1) to the hub (2), the connecting device (3) comprising a composite beam (4) and a first connecting means (5) of the beam (4) to the rim (1) or the hub (2), the beam comprising an elongated body (7) extending in a longitudinal direction (L) between a first (8) and second (9) ends, the body (7) and the ends (8, 9) comprising fibers (14), the fibers (14) being arranged to form a first loop (15) at the first end (8) .The first connecting means (5) comprises a first insert (20) housed in the first loop (15), a first rod (21) affixed to the first insert, the first shank (21) being oriented in the direction longitudinal (L), a first screw portion (22) or attachment (52) being defined on the first rod (21).


In our previous study on the color reversion of pulp (yellowing of pulp), we observed that Cu value of pulp was correlated to the reduce ratio of pulp brightness.And then when we investigated the UV absorptibity of alkali cellulose fraction dissolved in 8% NaOH solution, we found that remarkable characteristic absorption max, appeared at 267 mμ and increased with ageing process. We suggested that this phenomena was due to oxidized groups in cellulose, especially to CO groups.This work was carried out in order to investigate the correlation between the color reversion of pulp and characteristic UV absorption of pulp-H3PO4 solution (pulp dissolved in 80% H3PO4).Materials used were1. domestic and imported dissolving pulps2. oxidized (with hypochlorite and periodate) and subsequent reduced (with NaBH4) pulpsThe results were as follows : (1) In general, the pulp-H3PO4 solutions have a characteristic absorption max. at 280-290 mμ and its absorbance is correlated to Cu value (post color value) and brightness of pulp.(2) In the case of oxidized pulps, the UV characteristic max. increases with degree of oxidation, while in subsequent reduced pulps it significantly decreases or disappears.(3) The color reversion of pulp has a linear relation to the degree of oxidation of pulp, and also the same relation to UV absorbance at absorption max. In other words, CO groups in cellulose is attributed largely to the color reversion of pulp.


The plant height of wheat is an important quantitative trait, controlled by several genes with strong effect. However, in worldwide wheat breeding only several of those genes have been used. Rht8 (Reduced Height Gene) is especially important in agro-climatic conditions of South-East Europe. Because of its close linkage with dwarfing gene Rht8, microsatellite marker gwm261 has been accepted as the diagnostic molecular marker for gene Rht8. In this study, allelic variability at the locus Xgwm261 for 122 Croatian and foreign wheat cultivars by means of microsatellite marker gwm261 was determined. A 192 base pairs allele at the locus Xgwm261 was found for 84 Croatian cultivars. The genetic heritage of Croatian cultivars at the locus Xgwm261 is the consequence of usage of new parental components, carriers of short plant and early maturity attributes and the consequent selection of progeny with these traits during breeding process. The results of this research will be helpful in characterization of domestic wheat cultivars, as well as in more accurate selection of parents for hybridization purposes.


Maxillary canine impaction is a common eruption problem in children. Impaction frequently involves further complications such as root resorption of adjacent teeth, cyst formation and migration of the neighboring teeth, etc. Various treatment modalities include extraction of preceding deciduous canine, orthodontic traction, and surgical extraction followed by immediate replantation of the extracted tooth at the proper position(autotransplantation). Autotransplantation is considered as the treatment of choice when surgical exposure and subsequent orthodontic traction are difficult or impossible due to unfavorable impacted position. The prognosis of autotransplantation is affected by the degree of apex formation, surgical procedures performed, timing of root canal treatment, and length of stabilization period. In these two cases presented, the patients with unerupted maxillary canine were treated with autotransplantation. One case was thought that guidance of eruption by orthodontic traction was difficult because of its unfavorable impacted position. In the other case, parents didn`t agree to treat by orthodontic traction, therefore autotransplantation was done. In both cases, autotransplantation was carried out following root canal treatment and orthodontic treatment, and both cases have demonstrated to be successful to this day.


Feeling tired and dull? Maybe it's not that you are getting too little sleep. Perhaps you are getting too little darkness. That's the implication some chronobiologists are drawing from studies of how changing periods of light and dark trigger fluctuations in hormone levels. And they are beginning to gather evidence that the switch to the diets and light-dark rhythms of modern life from those experienced by our ancestors may play a role in human health and disease. Researchers at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) in Bethesda, Maryland, report that exposure to 14-hour periods of darkness evokes hormonal changesfluctuations in levels of the hormone prolactin-that may foster more restful nights and greater mental clarity during the day. Other research, reported this spring at the American Diabetes Association (ADA) annual meeting in Atlanta, indicates that changes in hormonal cycles may play a role in obesity and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) by perturbing normal liver and muscle function. And researchers from a Boston-based company, Ergo Science, have launched clinical trials of a drug treatment for such conditions that resets the time of day when prolactin levels peak. This is, not surprisingly, a controversial notion. "As much as I buy into the idea that a circadian symphony has developed to optimize a lot of metabolic processes, I haven't seen evidence yet that one set of phase relationships is 'right' and another is 'wrong,' " says Gary Richardson, an endocrinologist at Boston's Brigham and Women's Hospital. Adds Fred Turek, director of the Laboratory for Biological Timing at Northwestern University: "There's a lot of fuzzy thinking" behind the idea of hormonal cycle resetting. But some scientists find Ergo's approach intriguing. Gerald Reaven, an endocrinologist at the Stanford University School of Medicine who is conducting a clinical study of the Ergo therapy and obesity, says the dearth of effective treatments forNIDDM and obesity means a chronobiological solution "is a hypothesis worth pursuing." Frank Vinicor, president of the ADA and director of diabetes research at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, agrees, noting that "while this might be perceived initially as quite an experimental and novel perspective ... I think this option ought to be explored." Much of this exploration begins with the secretion of melatonin, a hormone that helps regulate sleep and other processes. In ani100


Aims: Effect of pH on polarographic waves of ascorbic acid were studied by recording polarograms of ascorbic acid solution, between 0 to 400 mV at different pH (0.065 to 9.6) using 0.008% solution of gelatin and 0.05 M potassium hydrogen phthalate buffer (containing 0.25% oxalic acid) as maxima suppressor and supporting electrolyte respectively. Methods: Ascorbic acid is strong reducing agent and produces an anodic wave which shifts with pH. There is no significant change in height of wave with change in pH from 2.25 to 4.85. For determination of ascorbic acid pH 4.0 is chosen. Ascorbic acid present in synthetic sample is determined by calibration, external standard addition and internal standard addition methods. The results obtained are in good agreement with the quoted values. Result: The number of electrons taking part in the reversible reaction is found to be 2. The half-wave potential is found to be independent of the ascorbic acid concentration. peak current is proportional to the concentration of ascorbic acid in the range 10-6-10-3M and the reproducibility is better than ±1 per cent. Chloride and sulphur compounds, such as sulphides and thiols, do not interfere, and sulphite can be determined at the same time as the ascorbic acid. Some substituted phenols interfere but can often be detected by reversing the direction of polarisation. Reductones interfere but tin(II) and manganese(II) do not. A method has also been developed to determine ascorbic acid in the presence of an excess of iron. Different extraction media are discussed in terms of their influence on the redox potential of iron. Comparative titrimetric determinations of ascorbic acid in some fruits, vegetables and beverages gave higher results than the voltammetric method (6). A polarographic study of the oxidation mechanism of L-ascorbic acid and of the reduction mechanism of dehydro-L-ascorbic acid was carried out in an acid medium. For L-ascorbic acid, the oxidation process involves a two electron transfer. The polarographic curve shows that the limiting current is governed by diffusion. On the rising portion of the wave, the two electron oxidation process consists of two consecutive one electron transfers, the second being the rate determining step. The reaction orders, together


For the purpose of an improved heat dissipation in a transmission tunnel (5) of a motor vehicle (10), wherein the transmission tunnel (5) a with a bottom sheet (20) formed and tunnel walls (25) of the floor panel (20) at least partially enclosed tunnel void (15) a heat removal device (1) is provided, through which air (45) from a heat source (30) flows to a downstream portion, at which a of the air (45) is streaked plate (50).


This chapter surveys a number of the popular experimental designs used to study people's perception (or estimation) of time. This includes descriptions of paradigms that present isolated pairs of time intervals for people to compare as well as experimental designs that require people to anticipate certain target onsets in various contexts. In this respect, it distinguishes between designs that require people to respond to time and those designs that require people to use time. Also discussed are paradigms that record driven rhythms in the form of cortical oscillations. Concepts of attending, anticipatory attending, and temporal expectancy are also introduced in this chapter.


Recent demographic trends in France are first reviewed and the various claims that the retired population have made on the current pension system are described. A theoretical model is developed to illustrate how the present system differs from an optimal system seen from the point of view of different age groups such as the young and the retired. (ANNOTATION) (SUMMARY IN ENG)


biological processes involved in physiological aging had widen our conception of gerosciences. Individuals with the same chronological age could differ in their cellular biological age scored on tissue senescent cell numbers or plasmatic biomarkers of inflammaging [1]. At the cellular level, instead of progressive loss of function per se, aging is now perceived as a loss of cellular flexibility avoiding adaptive cellular processes such as switches in cellular metabolism and differentiation pathways in response to infection, ischemia, or metabolic stresses. This could result from cellular reprogramming to cope with damages caused by repetitive low grade extrinsic or intrinsic stresses. For now, organ specific gradation of biological aging is still challenging and relies on the better understanding of the biological processes altering organ homeostasis with aging. In a recent study, we have demonstrated that physiological aging induces senescence of cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells (cMSCs) and, through senescence Editorial


Abstract The detailed analysis of a five-minute section from the testimony of a hospitalized survivor demonstrates how the fragmented autobiographical narrative is reenacted in the relational matrix among the interviewer, the survivor, and the research group. Detailed analysis establishes that the core of the fragmentation of the survivor's autobiographical narrative lies in the unconscious social matrix. This is discussed as a condition and consequence of perpetuation of genocidal trauma.


In this article, the author compares, from the point of view of the imaginated North—conceived as a system of signs,—two issues of poetry journals which both propose to think, in the North, a place where the relationships between reality, fiction, power, politics, history and poetry, blur. The first, published in Paris in 1961 in the Cahiers du College de 'Pataphysique, deals with "the North Pole"; the second, published in Montreal in 1964 in the journal Liberte, deals with the "Manicouagan", a river in northern Quebec. Both place poetry at the highest of literary expressions; both relate to the North; both finally blur the lines between the real and the imaginary. Despite the difference in their context of enunciation, they testify to the importance of literature in the construction and constitution of the North as an idea and as an imagined space in the Euro-American world and in Francophone literature. The author notes, from the point of view of the study of cultural images, that the North seems, for all authors, impossible to grasp outside of discourse, here that of literature and poetry. The imagined North as the sum of discourse in continuous movement is here the experimental site of the confluence of knowledge and forms of expression. Resume Dans le present article, 1 l'auteur compare, du point de vue de l'imaginaire du Nord concu comme un systeme de signes, deux numeros de revue de poesie qui proposent tous deux de penser, au Nord, un lieu ou peuvent se brouiller les rapports entre realite, fiction, pouvoir, politique, histoire et poesie. Le premier, publie a Paris en 1961 dans les Cahiers du College de 'Pataphysique, a pour theme le « Pole Nord »; le second, publie a Montreal en 1964 dans la revue Liberte, porte sur la « Manicouagan », une riviere du Nord du Quebec. Tous deux placent la poesie au plus haut des expressions litteraires, traitent du Nord et proposent un brouillage des frontieres entre le reel et l'imaginaire. Malgre la difference de leur contexte d'enonciation, ils temoignent de l'importance de la litterature dans la construction et la constitution du Nord comme idee et comme imaginaire dans le monde occidental et en langue francaise. L'auteur constate, du point de vue de l'imaginaire, que le Nord semble, pour tous ces ecrivains, impossible a saisir hors du discours, ici celui de la litterature et de la poesie. L'imaginaire du Nord en tant que somme de discours en mouvement continuel devient le lieu experimental de la confluence des savoirs et des formes d'expression. Mots-cles: Imaginaire; Nord; Pataphysique; France; Quebec; Poesie


We are interested in the distribution, at the individual tumour cell (TC) level, of two genes both associated with a poor prognosis in breast cancer. Using individual cell analysis, what is the correlation between overexpression and gene status of the above two genes and how do these results correlate with the pathologist's evaluation? Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) overexpression is associated with a poor prognosis in breast and other carcinomas. The uPA receptor (uPAR) is associated with uPA overexpression and, therefore, with increased tumour aggressiveness, worse disease-free survival and overall survival in breast and other cancers [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. Very little is known about the regulation of uPAR expression. Its gene resides on the long arm of chromosome 19, encodes a protease of molecular mass 35 kDa, and is linked to the outer surface of the plasma membrane by a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol anchor. When uPAR interacts with one of its ligands, uPA, plasminogen is cleaved to active plasmin, which degrades several extracellular matrix (ECM) components and also activates many promatrix metalloproteases. As the ECM is the major physical obstacle for cancer cells to penetrate and invade the surrounding tissue, proteolytic degradation of the ECM facilitates migration and penetration through tissue boundaries, resulting in metastasis. In addition, other signalling pathways are activated to induce cellular proliferation, motility, and additional remodelling of the ECM. Therefore, it is important to develop new targeting drugs to inhibit the activation of uPAR by uPA or any other ligand [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9].

The other gene, the HER2 proto-oncogene, is amplified in 25% of invasive breast cancers, resulting in a decreased time of disease-free survival and other markers of poor prognosis. Trastuzumab (Herceptin®; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA) is a HER2-directed humanised antibody that is effective for the treatment of patients with metastatic or early-stage breast cancer [10,11,12]. The methods used for selecting patients for trastuzumab therapy are immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis and gene-based fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) analysis of primary tumours. Retrospective studies have shown that measurement of gene amplification is the best predictive marker of response to trastuzumab-based therapy [13,14,15].

Here, we have analysed the uPAR and HER2 gene status in individual TCs from touch preps (TPs) of primary breast carcinomas and also from circulating TCs (CTCs) in patients with advanced recurrent breast carcinoma. One objective was to determine whether the uPAR gene, like HER2, can be amplified. A second objective was to determine the cellular distribution of the two amplified genes, e.g. whether they are amplified in separate TCs. Finally, we wanted to demonstrate the additional information that can be obtained from individual TC analysis.


Multi-voltage threshold (MVT) digitization is a cost-effective low-power sampling solution for fast scintillation pulse signal sampling, which has been proven to be practical in our preclinical scanner - Trans-PET BioCaliBurn. However, MVT digitization does not provide the amplitude information directly, while regular-time sampling (RTS) provides energy information as an integral form. This work focuses on event energy estimation for MVT digitizer, which is a crucial task for scintillation detection systems. Generally, critical scintillation pulses characteristics related with MVT can be summarized as: a. fixed pulse shape; b. fast leading edge; c. relatively slow decay; d. filtered Poisson noise. Based on these knowledge, we propose an empirical method, referred to as the empirical Bayesian energy estimation (EBEE), to obtain the pulse energy for MVT samples. In EBEE method, event energy information is the assumed pulse height which maximizes a posteriori probability of the given MVT samples. To evaluate the method, we set up a library of scintillation pulses. Scintillation pulses in this digital library are obtained at a high sampling rate of 50 Giga-samples per second so that their waveforms are recorded with high accuracy. Evaluation results are implemented between EBEE and pulse fitting(PF). With eight voltage thresholds, 4.335 keV Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) is obtained by EBEE, while 18.464 keV RMSE by PF. The evaluation shows that MVT of eight thresholds can produce nearly the same estimated energys as 50 GSps RTS when the MVT digitizer works with EBEE. The results have therefore demonstrated the potential advantage of EBEE in energy measurement for the MVT digitizer.


Lawyer know thyself. Lawyer know thyself as a cultural being. This article expands the repertoire of techniques to teach cross-cultural competence to law students to include a self/other lens. The author revisits the famed attributes of cross-cultural competence developed by Susan Bryant and Jean Koh Peters in 2001 to adopt defining characteristics of culture that current academics and law students embrace. This expanded lens leads to the author's conclusion that cross-cultural competence is in essence an exploration of "self" and "other." The author looks to other fields, particularly psychology and the work of Wanda Lee, to flesh out the usefulness of the self/other analysis in the education of law students. Five stepping stones to understanding "self" and "other" through a cultural lens are offered. These address "self" with respect to the "otherness" of clients, lawyers, and judges. The goal of this lens is to promote identity formation among 21st century law students preparing for their legal careers.


The waste gas,waste water and waste residue are produced in hot galvanization process. It is important to deal with themfor protecting environmentand increasing economic efficiency. The managementand reuse of the three wastes in hotgalvanizationindustry are discussed and different ways of treating thesewastes are introduced.


Added in the Criminal Procedure Law(2012) in the chapter provisions was "the compulsory medical procedure for the mental patient who commits violence",preliminarily setting up criminal compulsory medical procedures.However,there still remain some problems such as narrow applicable objects,obscure applicable conditions,monopolistic authentication start,weak rights remedy and so on.We should adopt foreign beneficial experience and adhere to the spirit that lay equal stress on the society safeguard and rights protection to further improve the compulsory medical procedure in the aspects including applicable objects,applicable conditions,start of procedure,determination of procedure,relief procedure and so forth.


An empirical formula is suggested by laboratory data to describe the relationship between surface wave heights and wave pressure fluctuations. This formula not only can be used in monochromatic waves, but also can determine the attenuation of random pressure fluctuations. The expected error is about 10%. Based on this fact, it is known that the linear superposition consideration is applicable to wave spectral model approximately even in the moderate shallow water region. On the other hand, from the existing experimental results, it has been shown that the statistical wave heights can be estimated through the transformation of the root‐mean‐square values of the wave pressure records to those of the water surface displacements.


Turbo compressors are typically used to supply pressurized air for many industrial plants. Since surge is critically affecting the performance and durability of turbo compressor, it should be avoided for secure operation. As turbo compressor is required to be coped with a broad range of operations, it is necessary to understand the operating locus of the compressor. In this study, the Thermolib ® of Simulink ® library is used to provide the basic components of the model for developing large-capacity turbo compressor model. The compressor was modeled to be three stages for simulating a high discharge pressure. A large capacity compressor employs inlet guide vane to control the performance of compressor. In this study, the inlet guide vane is also modeled under Simulink ® environment so that the performance is properly controlled for surge avoidance. Finally, the simulation model is used to understand the surge margin and surge avoidance strategy with inlet guide vane.


In this paper the basic concepts of Jean Piaget's genetic structuralism (structure, wholeness, transformation [accommodation/assimilation], self-regulation) will be compared with Alfred North Whitehead's fundamental notions (actual entity, subject, concrescence, final aim, superject, and eternal object). It will be shown that there are many parallels within the content of these concepts and even with the problems which they give rise to. Both approaches in being thoroughly processual and relational are radical non-substantialist. The apparent problems of both non-substantialist approaches (the 'paradox of structuralization' or 'paradox of concrescence' and the problem of the 'identity of persons') will be discussed in detail. It will be shown that Whitehead's proposed solutions for these problems go deeper than Piaget's and so may be a starting point for further developing and clarifying Piaget's approach. This also shows that a Whiteheadian non-substantialist process-psychology must not start from scratch but may in principle build up on the empirically corroborated work of Jean Piaget. Finally some methodological issues which become relevant in a radically non-substantialist process-psychology are indicated for further research.