Background and aims - While conducting a taxonomic revision of the genera Diaphananthe and Rhipidoglossum (Orchidaceae), a new taxon from Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon was discovered, and is formally described here. Methods - A comparison of about 800 specimens with the nomenclatural types and the specimens housed at BR, BRLU, K, P, WAG and YA herbaria was undertaken in order to confirm the taxonomical status of the new taxon. Its conservation status was assessed using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Key results - Rhipidoglossum montealenense Descourvieres, Stevart & P.J.Cribb sp. nov., here described and illustrated, is endemic to Rio Muni (Equatorial Guinea) and southern Cameroon. The species is found in the mountainous area situated along the transition from the coastal and to the continental regions of Atlantic Central Africa. It is close to R. melianthum but differs by its decurrent petals, a small ovary and a comparatively short spur. The species also differs from R. paucifolium by its elliptical lip lacking a callus and by rounded to subacute sepals and petals, and from R. rutilum by its short leaf internodes. The species is considered as Endangered according to IUCN Categories and Criteria. Its survival in situ will likely depend on the maintenance of the subpopulation in the Monte Alen National Park. © 2013 National Botanic Garden of Belgium and Royal Botanical Society of Belgium.


Textures are one of the most important features in computer vision for many applications. Texture feature extraction has been an active topic for years. There are a lot of feature extraction methods for texture analysis. In this paper the features were constructed using novel algorithm. Beside the other methods the computational simplicity is the main advantage of this algorithm.


Abstract Drastic change of properties of conducting polymer by substitution of side group has been demonstrated utilizing poly(3-alkylthiophene) as s typical example. Electrical (conductivity, mobility) and optical (absorption, luminescence) properties of poly(3-alkylthiophene) were strongly dependent on alkyl chain length, temperature and ambient conditions. These results can be explained by taking account fluctuation of electronic band scheme and change in inter-chain interaction which are dependent on the alkyl chain length and its conformation. Properties of mixture of poly(3-alkylthiophene)s with different alkyl chain length were also discussed. Doping characteristics of poly(3-alkylthiophene) dependent on alkyl chain length were discussed in terms of modification of crystal structure, location of dopants, and polymer-dopant interaction. Especially, unique doping effect of C60 in poly(3-alkylthiophene) such as photo-induced charge transfer was also observed. Characteristics of poly(3-alkylthiophene) ...


The invention discloses a wire rope vertical pre-former, comprising a principal axle, a front disk, an ejector rob, a mid-disk, a mill frame, a back disk, compression rollers and compression roller axles. The front disk, the mid-disk and the back disk are arranged on the principal axle at intervals; the compression rollers are arranged on the front disk and the back disk in parallel through the compression roller axles; the mill frame is arranged on the mid-disk; the compression rollers are arranged on the mill frame; the ejector rob is arranged on the mid-disk; the lower end of the ejector rob is contacted with the upper end of the mill frame to adjust the height of the mill frame; and the compression rollers on the mill frame are parallel to the compression rollers on the front disk and the back disk. According to the wirerope vertical pre-former of the invention, the compression rollers on the front disk and the back disk are fixedly arranged, and the compression rollers on the mid-disk can be adjusted through the ejector rob so as to obtain various lay lengths of the wireropes; the roller spacings of the wireropes can be obtained in a way that the intervals of the front disk, the mid-disk and the back disk are set in advance; in addition, the pre-former disclosed by the invention is simple in structure, simple in an adjusting manner and easy in operation.


An image enhancement process has the very important role in processing of image and resolution. This type of existing system assumes that the sensations of color have a strong correlation with reflectance and the amount of visible light reaching observers depends in the product of reflectance and illumination. The main aim of this project work is to produce the best technique to image enhance and protect the naturalness in the image. Here, we propose a naturalness preserved enhancement method for non-uniform illumination images using transformation technique. Now day's applications require various kinds of images as sources of information for interpretation and inspection. Image enhancement is method of applying different alterations to an input image to make the resultant image more pleasing or to provide a better transform presentation for future automated image processing techniques. There are many pictures like satellite images and medical images are affected by the noisy and sharpness of effect. This is essential to enhance the contrast and remove the noise to increase picture standard. One is presenting a review on various image enhancement techniques for sharpening enhancement KeywordsFast Fourier Transform, Bilog transform, Image enhancement, naturalness, Medical images,spatial domain technique, Resolution. Image enhancement techniques, Frequency domain techniques, Artificial Intelligence.


This paper presents the fresh, mechanical and durability properties of lightweight self-consolidating concrete (LWSCC) mixtures produced from pumice aggregates and supplementary cementing materials derived from various combinations of volcanic ash, pumice powder and metakaolin. The fresh state properties were determined from slump flow, V-funnel flow time, bleeding, air content, setting time and segregation tests. The mechanical properties and durability characteristics such as compressive strength, rapid chloride permeability, ultrasonic pulse velocity, freeze–thaw/frost resistance, resistance to salt scaling and drying shrinkage were evaluated. The use of volcanic ash, pumice and metakaolin as supplementary cementing materials improved resistance to chloride penetration, freeze–thaw and salt scaling. The developed LWSCC mixtures exhibited satisfactory durability and also satisfied the criteria for structural concrete. The application of developed LWSCCs can lead to low-cost sustainable construction in v...


Clustering is one of the most common automated segmentation techniques used in the fields of bioinformatics applications specifically for the microscopic image processing usage. Recently many scientists have performed tremendous research in helping the haematologists in the issue of segmenting the leukocytes region from the blood cells microscopic images in the early of prognosis. During the post processing, image filtering can cause some discrepancies on the processed image which may lead to insignificant result. This research aims to segment the blood cell microscopic images of patients suffering from acute leukaemia. In this research we are using three clustering techniques which are (Fuzzy C-Means (FCM), Classic K-Means (CKM) and Enhanced K-Means (EKM) then we performed filtering techniques which are Mean-shift Filtering (MSF) and Seeded Region Growing (SRG). We tested individual clustering, from the results it show Enhanced K-Means gives the best result. We performed hybrid between EKM and MSF gave a better result from other comparison. The integrated clustering techniques have produced tremendous output images with minimal filtering process to remove the background scene.


This study analyzes the locational preferences of 625 graduating seniors in one of the nation's poorest areas, the Big Sandy Region of Eastern Kentucky. These preferences are examined under differing interregional wage rate assumptions for their home region, northern metropolitan areas, and Lexington and Louisville, intermediate areas in Kentucky. The findings indicate that although family considerations are still important in influencing migration paths, especially for those who do not go to college, there is considerable sensitivity to relative wages in location preferences and expectations. There is a high degree of willingness and readiness to move to areas offering better economic opportunities, and a clear tendency to prefer intermediate areas between the lagging rural area and northern metropolitan areas. The results support policies which would give potential migrants skills and training to match job opportunities in intermediate areas, as well as comprehensive relocation assistance.


Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No ... /..of XXX supplementing Regulation (EU) No 1151/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to the establishment of the Union symbols for protected designations of origin, protected geographical indications and traditional specialities guaranteed and with regard to certain rules on sourcing, certain procedural rules and certain additional transitional rules ('Draft Delegated Regulation') ......3.06, 3.65, 3.111, 3.156, 3.236, 3.247, 3.331, 3.357, 3.371, 3.372, 3.375, 3.379–3.394, 3.396, 3.400–3.403, 3.406, 3.409 Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 716/2013 of 25 July 2013 laying down rules for the application of Regulation (EC) No 110/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the definition, description, presentation, labelling and the protection of geographical indications of spirit drinks (OJ L 201/21, 26.7.2013 pp. 21–30) ...1.05, 5.02, 5.40, 5.41, 5.42, 5.43, 5.45, 5.46, 5.47, 5.69, 5.71, 5.74, 5.75, 5.76, 5.77, 5.78, 5.79, 5.80, 5.81, 5.85, 5.86, 5.87, 5.89, 5.90, 5.91, 5.92, 5.93, 5.94, 5.95, 5.96, 5.97, 5.98, 5.99, 5.100, 5.101, 5.104, 5.105, 5.106, 5.107, 5.108, 5.119 Regulation (EU) No 608/2013 of the European Parliament and Council of 12 June 2013 on Customs Enforcement of Intellectual Property (Customs Regulation) replacing Council Regulation (EC) 1383/2003 .........1.07, 7.01, 7.02, 7.80–7.183, 7.184, 7.185, 7.181–7.202, 7.208, 7.210–7.249 Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 120/2013 of 11 February 2013 entering a name in the register of protected designations of origin and protected geographical indications (Khao Hom Mali Thung Kula Rong-Hai (PGI)) (OJ L 41/3 12.2.2013) .....................................3.150 Regulation (EU) No 1151/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 November 2012 on quality schemes for agricultural products and foodstuffs (OJ L 343, 14.12.2012, p. 1) ........1.04, Ch 3, 6.53, 6.109, 7.108, 7.113 Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2011 on the provision of food information to consumers (OJ L 304, 22.11.2011, pp. 18–63) .................3.02, 3.112–3.135 Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 670/2011 of 12 July 2011 (amending Regulation (EC) No 607/2009) laying down certain detailed rules for the implementation of Council Regulation (EC) No 479/2008 as regards protected designations of origin and geographical indications, traditional terms, labelling and presentation of certain wine sector products (OJ L 183, 13.7.2011, pp. 6–13) ......................................4.360 Regulation 538/2011 (amending Regulation 607/2009) laying down certain detailed rules for the implementation of Regulation 479/2008 as regards


In order to find a suitable corporate strategy for a sustainable economy, there are different value chain models. Many of the models not only neglect environmental aspects, they also focus more on external influencing factors and neglect internal employees and processes. While the company deliberately selects suppliers that supply sustainably produced resources, and also strives for environmentally friendly disposal during production itself, the company's internal environmental criticism suffers. Within the company, training on environmentally relevant topics is only neglected and dismissed by expensive workshops. With the help of a blended learning approach to sensitize environmentally critical aspects of the company and a ticketing system for the reporting of environmentally relevant events, the environmental policy should be improved within the company. With the help of such a system, not only individual employees are trained as specialists in the company to the environmental officer, but every employee strives for a sustainable corporate strategy. This new in-house approach will be anchored in the PESTEL model and linked to the Porter value chain, integrating an additional supportive, environmentally-oriented dimension.


The study examines the dimensions and components of construction safety culture and whether the application of BIM technologies to the dimensions of construction safety culture improves the safety maturity levels among construction workers. The study employed a systematic literature review and grounded theory in achieving the research objectives. The dimensions and components of construction safety culture were found to comprise of a safety management system, safety behaviour, and safety climate. A bim-enabled conceptual model of construction safety culture was developed as an output of the study. The model demonstrates how the dimensions of construction safety culture change the maturity levels of safety among construction workers as enabled by BIM technologies. The model has implications for improved construction safety management practices through the use of BIM on construction projects. The study concludes with implications for practice and future research.


Papers presented at the seminar were as follows: Change of the public transport supply in rural areas after 1950 (Kihlman, B); Can the public transport in rural areas be improved? (Norrbom, C-E); Public transport in rural areas of Norway (Froeysadal, E); Implementation of public transport in accordance of transport need (Altin, S-O); Paratransit: innovations in service design and technology (Britton, FEK); Rural mini bus transport service (Gunnarsson, SO); What can Swedish county traffic authorities do to improve the public transport service? (Jonsson, A). (TRRL)


Perfluorocarbon liquids (PFCLs) are commonly used as an intraoperative tool in complicated vitreoretinal surgery.1,2 Favorable characteristics for their intraocular use include low viscosity near that of water, high specific gravity, surface tension in an aqueous environment, and transparency.3 High surface tension implies that the substance has strong cohesive characteristics that allow internal obstruction of retinal breaks while preventing the substance from entering the subretinal space. However, migration of PFCL droplets under the neurosensory retina may occur during surgery, whereby retained PFCL is usually noted postoperatively. The incidence of this complication has not clearly been determined but is thought to be in the range of 2% to 8%. Extrafoveal droplets of subretinal PFCL are associated with variable degrees of functional impairment of apposing neurosensory retina, whereby subfoveal PFCL may result in irreversible severe functional loss.4 Partial recovery of foveal function may be achieved by timely removal in a second surgical procedure.5 The mechanisms by which essentially inert PFCL causes cellular dysfunction in the subretinal space are not clear but may be related to barrier as well as cytotoxic effects.6–10 A prerequisite of subretinal migration of PFCL is usually the formation of small droplets intravitreally. "Fish egging" basically results from turbulence that may occur when the infusion fluid flow interacts with PFCL. To prevent subretinal migration of PFCL during surgery in presence of retinal breaks, it appears prudent to minimize turbulence and, thus, small droplet formation.


The authors report on this progress in the calculation of nuclear ground-state properties using effective Lagrangians whose construction is constrained by QCD scales and chiral symmetry. Good evidence is found that QCD and chiral symmetry apply to finite nuclei.


We present a symmetry classification of the linearised Navier-Stokes equations for a two-dimensional unbounded linear shear flow of an incompressible fluid. The full set of symmetries is employed to systematically derive invariant ansatz functions. The symmetry analysis grasps three approaches. Two of them are existing ones, representing the classical normal modes and the Kelvin modes, while the third is a novel approach and leads to a new closed-form solution of traveling modes, showing qualitatively different behaviour in energetics, shape, and kinematics when compared to the classical approaches. The last modes are energy conserving in the inviscid case. They are localized in the cross-stream direction and periodic in the streamwise direction. As for the kinematics, they travel at constant velocity in the cross-stream direction, while in the streamwise direction they are accelerated by the base flow. In the viscous case, the modes break down due to damping of high wavenumber contributions.


In Southern Europe Lobesia botrana, commonly known as the grape berry moth, is a major pest of grapes. Traditionally the control of this pest is made using insecticides, however there is an increasing public concern about the negative side effects of these products. Also in Europe there has been an increase of the regulation for the use of pesticides. Therefore new, and alternative, less harmful pest control strategies are needed. One of these strategies is mating disruption (MD). This is an innovative and sustainable technique based on the saturation of the air with large quantities of pheromones produced by the female moths, interfering with the pheromone communication and therefore reduce the number of offspring. However in the Douro region, in Portugal, this technique has not always yield the best results because of factors such as the fragmented landscape and the fact that most vineyards are small and surrounded by other vegetation that can also house the grape moth. Therefore a project to study the impact of the Douro landscape in the distribution of the pheromone cloud is undergoing, to improve the use of this technique in Douro. To assess the distribution of the cloud and which surrounding vegetation is more attractive to the moth traditional techniques such as the use of traps can be used. However more sophisticated techniques, such as Electroantennography (EAG), can be employed. In this paper it is presented the development of the acquisition system for an EAG device, in the framework of the Manuscript received March 18, 2019; revised April 1, 2019. Project Confusão sexual (CS) contra a traça-da-uva, Lobesia botrana (Denn.& Schiff.) em viticultura de montanha: caso particular da Região Demarcada do Douro (RDD) PDR2020-101-031659, financed by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) and Portuguese State under Ação 1.1 "Grupos Operacionais", integrada na Medida 1. "Inovação" do PDR 2020 – Programa de Desenvolvimento Rural do Continente. Work also supported by by COMPETE: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007043 and POCI-010145-FEDER-006958, and FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the Project Scope: UID/CEC/00319/2013 and UID/AGR/04033/201 P. Mestre is with Centro Algoritmi, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes Portugal, and Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trasos-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal, www.utad.pt, (phone: +351-259350363; email: email@example.com) C. Serodio is with Centro Algoritmi, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes Portugal, and Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trasos-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal, www.utad.pt, (email: firstname.lastname@example.com) J. Salvação is with UTAD/ECAV Scholarship Researcher of Operational Group CSinDouro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal, www.utad.pt, (email: email@example.com) Cristina Carlos is with ADVID Association for the Development of Viticulture in the Douro Region, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia de Vila Real Régia Douro Park 5000-033 Vila Real, www.advid.pt, and Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal, www.utad.pt, (email: firstname.lastname@example.com) Laura Torres is with Centre for the Research and Technology of AgroEnvironmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Tras-osMontes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal, www.utad.pt, (email: email@example.com) above mentioned project.


The structural change of the asphaltene in a brown coal liquid was com-paratively studied before and after the single-and two-stage hydrotreatments, using the same commercial Ni-Mo/Al2O3 catalyst in the batch autoclave. The less catalyst deactivation as well as higher performances in the denitrogenation (>80%) and up-grading of the asphaltene were obtained in the two-stage hydrotreatment of 390°C-2h and 430°C-2h. The two-stage hydrotreat-ment extensively hydrogenated the polar aromatics in the first stage at a lower temperature to improve their solubility and cracking reactivity, followed by effective hydrocracking and denitrogenation in the second stage at a higher temperature, while the single-stage reaction at a higher temperature allowed lower performances except for the apparent cracking extent because of insufficient hydrogenation.The structure of the heavy polar fraction in the asphaltene was analyzed in detail to characterize the remaining nitrogen compounds and clarify the reasons of their lower reactivity for the denitrogenation and their influences on the catalyst deactivation.Key Words


Tourism today is a leisure activity of the masses. People today travel to international destinations to break the regular monotony of life. They are mainly attracted by either the scenic beauty of its nature or by fascinating leisure, sports and adventure activities offered by the destination. But the competitiveness of the destination is also affected by the behavior of country residents of the destination. The paper makes an attempt to compare the competitiveness of India as well as Singapore on behavior of country residents' issue. The foreign tourists' perception of various variables of this attribute of Indian tourism industry is compared with that of Singapore tourism which are based on different articles of destination competitiveness, the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report (TTCR) issued by World Economic Forum and also from various published media. Primary data through questionnaires containing 5 point Likert scale and secondary data from web resources and books are used in the paper. The findings show that the behavior of government officials, taxi/auto rickshaw drivers, level of education of service providers is found to be much better in case of Singapore and the society is also found to be more open and friendly. This finding is also supported by the secondary data as on the pillar of human resources of TTCI index, 2011 Singapore bags 2nd position and India is on the 96th position and on the pillar of affinity for travel and tourism industry Singapore secures 12th position and India is poorly placed on 116th position.


Graph models of social information systems typically contain trillions of edges. Such big graphs cannot beprocessed on a single machine. The graph object must bepartitioned and distributed among machines and processedin parallel on a computer cluster. Programming such systemsis very challenging. In this work, we present DH-Falcon, a graph DSL (domain-specific language) which can be usedto implement parallel algorithms for large-scale graphs, tar-geting Distributed Heterogeneous (CPU and GPU) clusters. DH-Falcon compiler is built on top of the Falcon compiler, which targets single node devices with CPU and multipleGPUs. An important facility provided by DH-Falcon is that itsupports mutation of graph objects, which allows programmerto write dynamic graph algorithms. Experimental evaluationshows that DH-Falcon matches or outperforms state-of-the-art frameworks and gains a speedup of up to 13×.


FIELD: food industry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of production of fodders for farm animals. The fodder additive for heavy milking cows during the milking period contains milled maize grains - 35%, soya extraction cake (with protein weight fraction equal to 46% and more) - 40% and a dry vegetable fat - 25%, the daily consumption rate being 1.0 - 1.5 kg/head/daily. The dry vegetable fat is represented by BergaLac "protected" fat in a dry form. EFFECT: proposed fodder additive is aimed at improving energy provision with heavy milking cows during the milking period and possesses a high productive action and high quality. 2 cl, 7 tbl


Mold filling is an important stage of injection molding, which is one of the most commonly used manufacturing processes for the production of thermoplastic components in high volumes. As a consequence, the numerical simulation of this process based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is of great significance for production engineering [1, 2]. However, modeling of the mold filling is a tremendously demanding process, when considering interfacial physical phenomena, such as two‐phase flows, building a sharp interface between the molten plastics and the present air in the cavity or the dynamic wetting contact line at the cavity surface. A method for dealing with these phenomena is a local mesh refinement both in space and time. In this paper, the numerical solution of a mold filling problem using simplex‐type space‐time finite elements is presented and compared with experiments. These elements can be suited to increase efficiency, when used for the aforementioned refinement. In addition, a Navier's slip boundary condition is applied to the solid boundaries of the mold allowing the contact line to evolve along the boundary, while enabling a better prediction of the pressure distribution. The presented work was performed in collaboration of the subprojects B3 and B5 of the collaborative research center 1120 "Precision Melt Engineering".


AMONG the more important proposals for legislation which were not passed by Congress in the last session was the Kerr bill,' to meet certain objections and abuses in the laws now regulating the deportation of aliens. In a general way the shortcomings of the present laws fall into two broad classes: those which undesirably hinder the government in the process of deportation, and those which subject aliens to hardship. These shortcomings (and particularly those in the second group named) were described in detail in Report No. 5 of the National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement.2 This report disclosed a serious state of affairs (both in the law itself and in its administration) which would probably have had public attention long ago if it were not for the fact-little enough to our credit-that these abuses in the main touched only economically and politically helpless outsiders, although even American citizens might be and were affected. As a result of the disclosures certain reforms were instituted at once, but others could be effected only by means of statutory changes. The purpose of the Kerr bill is to make some, at least, of these changes, as well as some others not considered in the commission's report. The bill, it is stated, is based on a two-year survey carried on under the supervision of the Commissioner of Immigration and Naturalization. It has received the indorsement of the National Crime Commission, the International Association of Chiefs of Police, and the executive committee of the American Bar Association, as well as other bodies. At a hearing before the House Committee on Immigration and Naturalization, Col. MacCormack, the Commissioner of Immigration and Naturalization, stated that in his opinion "there is no statute of the United States which offers so many loopholes for the escape of the criminal, while at the same time imposing such barbarous treatment upon the persons of good character, as does the body of law dealing with the depor-


Oxidized phospholipids (OxPL) derived from oxidized lipoproteins or from membranes of apoptotic cells accumulate in damaged tissue. We hypothesized that OxPL generated during apoptosis may protect from inflammation through inducing a tolerogenic response. Our data shows that i.v. injection of C57BL/6 (B6) mice with OxPAPC (oxidation product of the membrane phospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-3-glycero-phosphoryl-choline) results in a reduced proportion of the CD11b-Hi CD11c+ dendritic cells (DC) in the spleen with much lower expression of MHC II and co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 as compared to saline injected controls. Furthermore, the number of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) was significantly higher in the spleens of mice treated with OxPAPC. Mechanistically, both the splenic CD11c+ DC purified from OxPAPC-treated mice and the OxPAPC-treated bone marrow-derived DC induced a more potent in vitro differentiation of naïve T cells to inducible Tregs as compared to the untreated controls. In a multiple low dose streptozotocin (MLD-STZ)-induced model of T1D, the B6 mice pre-treated with OxPAPC had a higher proportion of Tregs and were protected against MLD-STZ induced hyperglycemia as compared to saline injected controls. The data suggests that OxPAPC has therapeutic potential for treatment of T1D and other autoimmune diseases by inducing a DC-mediated increase of Treg differentiation.


In this study, a noncontact bending and torsional stiffness estimation model for automobile frames is proposed. The deformed shapes of an automobile frame during bending and torsional loading tests were determined based on the 3D displacements from motion capture system (MCS). The measurement results from the system and existing sensors, such as linear variable differential transformers (LVDTs) and an inclinometer, were compared. The vertical displacements from a total of 30 markers measured by the MCS can be used to define the 3D bending and torsional deformed shapes of the automobile frame. The test results confirmed that the stiffness estimation model based on MCS facilitates more detailed and accurate estimation of stiffness of the automobile.


We revisit the role of longitudinal waves in driving the solar wind. We study how the p-mode-like vertical oscillation on the photosphere affects the properties of solar winds in the framework of Alfvén-wave-driven winds. We perform a series of one-dimensional magnetohydrodynamical numerical simulations from the photosphere to beyond several tens of solar radii. We find that the mass-loss rate drastically increases with the longitudinal-wave amplitude at the photosphere by up to a factor of ∼4, in contrast to the classical understanding that acoustic waves hardly affect the energetics of the solar wind. The addition of the longitudinal fluctuation induces longitudinal-to-transverse wave mode conversion in the chromosphere, which results in enhanced Alfvénic Poynting flux in the corona. Consequently, coronal heating is promoted to give higher coronal density by chromospheric evaporation, leading to the increased mass-loss rate. This study clearly shows the importance of longitudinal oscillation in the photosphere and mode conversion in the chromosphere in determining the basic properties of the wind from solar-like stars.


Within digitally-supported learning environments, learners need to observe themselves so that they can reflect on their strengths and weaknesses and take a step toward autonomous learning. Within the scope of this research, a technology and analytics enhanced assessment environment in which students can assess themselves was implemented and tested. In order to determine N = 108 students' ability to use the assessment environment, behavioral patterns were determined based on their individual characteristics, system interactions, lesson performances, achievement motivation, confidence, and study interest. Findings indicate different system usage and behavioral engagement with the assessment system. The outcomes of this design-based research project indicate hints on how such assessment systems can be made more effective in future implementation stages.


Device for interventional therapy of a patient with a display unit (13) in the region of an intended for controlling the intervention control element (12) is located and can be displayed on the information on the monitoring of a medical intervention, characterized, in that - the display unit is a single screen (13) can be displayed on the optional information from different information sources on a selectable by a user and display location that - the screen (13) to a system computer (24) is connected, through the data from a memory (26) associated with the information presentation data are available, which allow an automatic selection of a suitable presentation.


We study commensurating actions of groups and the associated properties FW and PW, in connection with wallings, median graphs, CAT(0) cubings and multi-ended Schreier graphs.


ABSTRACT Typical of the 1990s, the global cities phenomenon preceded the past decade's massive spread of smart cities. Yet the question of how the two phenomena currently coincide remains to be considered, as well as an analysis based on viewing smart cities as global cities. An analysis related to the European scenario is developed in this article, aimed at giving a response to the previous considerations. An index is also proposed; concerning the global character of the cities, it considers the ability of the cities to attract Foreign Direct Investments (FDI). Results of the proposed analysis show that in Europe four main scenarios exist. Two regarding positive and negative correlations between the diffusion of global and smart cities, and another two scenarios demonstrate cases in which the two features are not correlated. The first two cases are respectively related to smart cities that are also global cities. The last two cases deal with the presence of different drivers that are not related to smart urban plans, which could, however, drive the attraction of FDI or which could also promote smart actions without the thrust of FDI. Correlation and regression analyses complement the work.


The orthopaedic community is becoming increasingly aware that innovations in the design and use of joint replacement devices have not necessarily improved clinical results. This may be the result of implant designs that are not based on sound scientific theory or clinical data. Often, surgeons choose implants on the basis of premature reports and inadequate substantiation of clinical use. The current situation may be altered as the revolutionary changes that are being considered in the delivery of health care affect the manner and basis of selection of implants for orthopaedic reconstructive procedures. In preparation for these changes, orthopaedie surgeons should begin to develop an awareness of the regulatory elements that govern the use of reconstructive devices. To foster this awareness, The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons has begun to disclose the legal and regulatory status of devices described in clinical reports that are presented at the scientific sessions of its Annual Meetings. Because there are numerous Food and Drug Administration regulations that pertain to the development, testing, production, distribution, and use of medical devices, the role of this agency in the regulation of the marketing of orthopaedic implants is often confusing and difficult to understand.To clarify this role,we present a brief overview of these regulations. We will focus on three primary categories of the activity of the Food and Drug Administration: the classification of devices, the process of assessment, and the requirements for the marketing of new devices.


The article is devoted to the analysis of the images of the past represented on the pages of London «Historical collection of free Russian printing-house». The possibility of image using as a method of knowledge in historical research is considered on the materials of «Historical collections». The importance of «Historical collections» for the development of historical thought in Russia for the second half of the 19th century is estimated


The dynamics were investigated of the world population of dark-bellied brent geese Branta b. bernicla, which winter in western Europe and reproduce on the Siberian tundra. The world population was fluctuating between approximately 220,000 and 315,000 individuals in the last decade of the 20th century, after recovering from an extremely low level of about 15,000 in 1955. Cyclical fluctuations are related to the population dynamics of lemmings on the Taymyr Peninsula in Siberia and have been present during the whole study period 1955-1998. We investigated whether, apart from these fluctuations, the population size will level off due to density dependence in reproduction or in survival. This being the case, we also aimed at predicting the approximate equilibrium population size. Data are provided on the world population since 1955, counted every January, giving details on adult survival and reproduction. A simple discrete-time model was formulated where the reproductive season in Siberia and the winter season in Europe are treated separately allowing for density dependence during either season. The nature of the density dependence for the model was estimated from the data. Density dependence was significant in reproduction, but not in adult survival. We argue that availability of suitable nesting habitat is an important factor influencing reproduction potential, but the possibility of other factors (e.g. competition for food during spring staging) cannot be excluded. Analysis of the simple model yields a relation between the predicted equilibrium population size and a constant adult death rate estimated at 0.15, which corresponds to a predicted maximum population size of 286.000-332,000 at the time of the January census. Although it is tempting to use such a generic model as a basis to gauge effects of habitat loss on migrating bird species, great care should be taken in formulating rules-of-thumb.


The interference pattern ofthe resonance uorescence from a J = 1=2 to J = 1=2 transition oftwo identicalatom s con ned in a three-dim ensionalharm onic potentialis calculated. Therm al m otion ofthe atom s isincluded. Agreem entisobtained with experim ents[Eichm ann etal.,Phys. Rev.Lett.70,2359 (1993)]. Contrary to som e theoreticalpredictions,butin agreem ent with the presentcalculations,a fringe visibility greaterthan 50% can beobserved with polarization-selective detection.Thedependenceofthefringe visibility on polarization hasa sim pleinterpretation,based on whetherornotitispossible in principle to determ ine which atom em itted the photon.


We would all benefit if software were slimmer, thinner, and generally only did what we needed and nothing more. To this end, our research team has been exploring methods for removing unused and undesirable features from compiled programs. Our primary goal is to improve software security by removing rarely used features in order to decrease a pro- gram's attack surface. We describe two different approaches for "thinning" binary images of compiled programs. The first approach removes specific program features using dynamic tracing as a guide. This approach is safer than many alterna- tives, but is limited to removing code which is reachable in a trace when an undesirable feature is enabled. The second ap- proach uses a genetic algorithm (GA) to mutate a program until a suitable variant is found. Our GA-based approach can potentially remove any code that is not strictly required for proper execution, but may break program semantics in unpredictable ways. We show results of these approaches on a simple program and real-world software and explore some of the implications for software security.


This review describes the recent advances in the microwave-assisted synthesis of 7-membered and larger heterocyclic compounds. Several types of reaction for the cyclization step are discussed: Ring Closing Metathesis (RCM), Heck and Sonogashira reactions, Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling, dipolar cycloadditions, multi-component reactions (Ugi, Passerini), etc. Green syntheses and solvent-free procedures have been introduced whenever possible. The syntheses discussed herein have been selected to illustrate the huge potential of microwave in the synthesis of highly functionalized molecules with potential therapeutic applications, in high yields, enhanced reaction rates and increased chemoselectivity, compared to conventional methods. More than 100 references from the recent literature are listed in this review.


I. Mathematics and the intellect: mathematics and thinking mathematically Mary Cartwright Mathematical invention Henri Poincare Thought on the heuristic method Jacques Hadamard Mathematical proof G. H. Hardy The unity of knowledge Hermann Weyl 2. Mathematics and human understanding: mathematics and the arts Marston Morse Intuition, reason, and faith in science George D. Birkhoff Logic and the understanding of nature David Hilbert The cultural basis of mathematics Raymond Wilder 3. Mathematics and society: Presidential address to the British Association J. J. Sylvester The mathematician J. von Neumann The community of scholars Andre Lichnerowica History of mathematics: why and how Andre Weil 4. Miscellaneous: does God exist? Paul Levy Goethe and mathematics Wilhelm Maak Leonardo and mathematics Francesco Severi The highest good Norbert Wiener.


Cells possess numerous membrane proteins to transport essential metal ions across cellular organelles. hZIP4 (human ZIP4) is one member of the ZIP (Zrt‐ and Irt‐like proteins) family of proteins that imports zinc to the cytoplasm. Autosomal mutations in hZIP4 have been associated with the zinc deficient genetic disorder Acrodermatitis Enteropathica. hZIP4 is expressed in small intestine, stomach, colon, cecum, kidney and pancreas. Recently, hZIP4 overexpression has also been associated with the pancreatic cancer. hZIP4 has 8 transmembrane domains with extracellular N‐ and C‐termini. Furthermore, the histidine rich non‐conserved N‐terminus and intracellular domain between transmembrane‐III and IV are believed to be important for Zn2+ coordination.


This paper investigates how client demands affect organisational renewal in construction, more specifically how the combining of technical and organisational resources are directly and indirectly affected by demands from the user. We adopt an industrial network perspective and focus on inter-organisational interaction between the actors involved in two specific healthcare construction projects in Sweden. The findings show that user demands affect organisational renewal with regard to both onsite and off-site operations and that effects due to user demands can be spread outside the 'temporary' network to the 'permanent' network. Hence, user demands create direct and indirect effects on both the combining of organisational and technical resources across individual projects and organisational boundaries. These findings imply that in order to understand innovation in construction it is necessary to study how technical and organisational resources are combined across organisational boundaries and across projects.


T H I S little book is a translation of Dr. Schweitzer's doctoral thesis for his M.D. degree. It was published in German in 1913 and is now translated into English, with an introduction, by Charles R. Joy. Schweitzer undertook to refute the views of three men of medicine who had sought to prove that Jesus suffered from the mental disease of paranoia. Schweitzer denied most of the symptoms they found by denying completely the historicity of the Fourth Gospel and large portions of the Synoptics; the historical Jesus conceived by him could not be shown to be mentally deranged. The reviewer could not agree with Schweitzer's picture of Jesus any more than he could agree that Jesus was a paranoiac. The little book does give an interesting presentation in brief form of Schweitzer's picture of Jesus and a presentation of a scholarly piece of work by a man who was a great authority in two fields of study at the same time. It is hard to see what contribution it can be expected to make to the literature of New Tes t amen t scholarship or medicine at this time.


Aqueous phase recirculation increased the bio-crude yield and energy recovery along with promoting the production of N-heterocyclic compounds that lead to harsher required hydrotreating conditions.


In this paper we present an unsupervised approach to word sense disambiguation based on evolutionary game theory. In our algorithm each word to be disambiguated is represented as a node on a graph and each sense as a class. The algorithm performs a consistent class assignment of senses according to the similarity information of each word with the others, so that similar words are constrained to similar classes. The dynamics of the system are formulated in terms of a non-cooperative multiplayer game, where the players are the data points to decide their class memberships and equilibria correspond to consistent labeling of the data.


In recent years, drought stress was strongly affected on the development and yield of tomatoes. There are increasing interests in the study of physiological transformations in adaption to stress in plants In this study, effects of drought stress (mannitol at different concentration) on the development of tomato shoot were studied. Morphological and physiological changes during the development of shoot under drought stress conditions were analyzed. Based on the analysis results, the combination of cytokinin and gibberellin was treated to increase the drought stress tolerance of plants. Results showed that mannitol at 20 g/L induced tomato drought stress. Shoot height, number of leaves, leaf area, and the number of roots significantly decreased in the drought stress condition compared to the control. The formation superoxide (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) occurred in the meristem, elongation region and cap of the roots in the drought stress condition instead of only cap root in the control. In the drought stress condition, there was an increase in respiration intensity, proline and carotenoid content, and abscisic acid activity. In contrast, the content of chlorophyll, photosynthesis intensity, cytokinin and gibberellin activity decreased in comparison with the control. The combination treatment of zeatin 0.5 mg/L and GA3 0.5 mg/L improved the drought stress tolerance of plants. The shoot height, number of leaves, leaf area and number of roots of the treated plants were higher than those of the control plants.


Objective: To observe cardiovascular pathology changes of the rat model of Heart Blood Stasis Syndrome in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus(DM).Methods:Based on high fatty diet and injecting Stroptozotocin, the dexamethasone and adrenaline were applied to make the rat model of Heart Blood Stasis Syndrome in Type 2 DM. Results:Comparing with other groups,the ratios of the heart wet weight to body weight in the model group was high significantly(P0.01), as well as ST segment of ECG descending significantly(P0.01 or P0.05), besides the pathological changes of the aorta and the heart. Conclusion:The rat models of Heart Blood Stasis Syndrome in Type 2 DM do have the pathological changes in cardiovascular system.


The paprika has emerged as one of the highest-income crops by increase in dimestic and export demand in the greenhouse crops. Nevertheless, there is no standard for fertigation in soil, because general culture system is soilless culture. This study was conducted to establish the optimum nitrogen and potassium application level for paprika fertigation. Four different levels of nitrogen and potassium were applied, treatment levels were 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 times of pimiento fertilization recommendations based on soil testing. Experiment to instigate the optimum amounts of nitrogen and potassium were carried out in 2012 and 2013, respectively13. Nitrogen application : stem diameter of 0.5 times was significantly lower than other treatments, but stem length was not affected by nitrogen fiertigation levels. Number of fruit and yield of first fruiting group harvest were not significant difference. but those of the second fruiting group were decreased by increasing nitrogen level beyond 1.0 times treatment and were the lowest in 0.5 times treatment. Overall, the optimum level of nitrogen for fertigation was judged 1.0 times of pimiento fertilization recommendations based on soil testing. Potassium application : Growth was no signigicant trend except stem length. Number of locule, fresh thickness and sugar content were not significant difference. Number of fruit and yield were not significant difference at the first and second fruiting group harvest. But those were significant difference at third fruiting group harvest, maximum yield was obtained by 1.5 times fertigation level. The optimum level of potassium for fertigation was judged 1.5 times of pimiento fertilization recommendations based on soil testing.


Lean direct injection (LDI) combustion has a high potential as a low pollution combustion method for gas turbines. The present research aims to further investigate the discharge coefficient of an LDI module, axial swirler and convergent outlet under non-reaction and reaction conditions by theoretical, numerical and experimental methods. The functional relationship between the discharge coefficient of the LDI module, axial swirler and convergent outlet was established, and the effect of swirl angle (30°, 32°, 34°, 36°, 38°, 40°) and vane number (11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16) on discharge coefficient was studied, and finally the differences in effective flow area of LDI combustor under different inlet conditions were analyzed. The results indicate that the flow separation on the suction side increases as the swirl angle increases, which leads to a decrease of the discharge coefficient of the axial swirler, however the discharge coefficient of the convergent outlet remains unchanged first and then decreases. As the vane number increases, the flow separation on the suction side decreases and the flow friction loss increases, so that the discharge coefficient of the axial swirler and convergent outlet will first increase with the increase of vane number and then decrease with further increases. The effective flow area of combustor changes as the conditions change, but it is approximately equal under high power conditions and normal temperature and pressure conditions.


Jinwozi gold deposits in southern of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,belong to magmatic hydrothermal type,while the types of mineralization is classified as the quartz-vein type and altered mylonite type.Aurum occurs mainly as independent gold mineral,rarely as mechanical mixture,solid solution,and adsorbed matter in auriferous minerals.The essential gold mineral is Electrum and the auxiliary one is Gold.Gold mineral in the major Au-carrying minerals(quartz,pyrite,galena and sphalerite)occurs in the inter-granular,interlocking,crevice and enclosure forms.The contents and rate of Au/(Au+Ag)of gold minerals in pyrite and quartz are higher than in the others,but there is not any gold mineral in chalcopyrite.Mainly being idiomorphic-granular and hypidiomorphic-granular and subordinately being veinlet,the golden minerals are commonly medium fine grained,measuring 0.05~0.005mm in diameter.These show that the source materials of the deposits were derived mainly from the metamorphic rocks and that the metallization of gold is closely related with Variscan-Indosinian intermediate-acid intrusive rocks..All above is in good consistence with the datd from the study on the deposit origin.


There is evidence both by XRPD and by TEM electron diffraction of the presence of a new tricalcium silicate phase containing fluorine with triclinic cell parameters a= 2.32(7), b= 0.71(3), c= 1.28(3) nm, α= 106.5(3), β= 90(1), γ= 118(1)°. It is a superlattice of the rhombohedral C3S, whose structure is probably deformed by the fluorine/oxygen substitution plus some calcium vacancies, the deformation being nevertheless smaller than that found in the triclinic polymorph of pure C3S. Magnesium proves to have an effect additional to that observed for fluorine probably because it fixes the fluorine to the silicate lattice.


These case studies demonstrate the varying ways young people use social media and the impacts of this behaviour on their health and wellbeing. The case studies are based on evidence generated with 1296 young people who worked with us to communicate their experiences of social media. This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust [201601/Z/16/Z]

The case studies are relevant to adults who have a responsibility for young people's health and wellbeing. If you would like to use these videos in your professional organisation or would like more information about the project please contact Dr Victoria Goodyear (email@example.com).

Connected
This case study demonstrates how social media sites pre-select and promote health-related content to young people through young people's peer networks.


In the present investigation, F1 hybrids were developed in guava (Psidium guajava L.) by crossing high leaf-anthocyanin reflective-index (ARI1) content cultivars purple guava (local) 'PG', 'CISH G-1' and low leaf-ARI1 content cultivar Seedless 'SL' with Allahabad Safeda 'AS'. On the basis of phenotypic observations, high ARI1 content was observed in the cross 'AS' × 'PG' (0.214). Further, an SSR-markers-based genetic linkage map was developed from a mapping population of 238 F1 individuals derived from cross 'AS' × 'PG'. The linkage map comprised 11 linkage groups (LGs), spanning 1601.7 cM with an average marker interval distance of 29.61 cM between adjacent markers. Five anthocyanin-content related gene-specific markers from apple were tested for parental polymorphism in the genotypes 'AS' and 'PG'. Subsequently, a marker, viz., 'MdMYB10F1′, revealed a strong association with leaf anthocyanin content in the guava mapping population. QTL (qARI-6-1) on LG6 explains much of the variation (PVE = 11.51% with LOD = 4.67) in levels of leaf anthocyanin colouration. This is the first report of amplification/utilization of apple anthocyanin-related genes in guava. The genotypic data generated from the genetic map can be further exploited in future for the enrichment of linkage maps and for identification of complex quantitative trait loci (QTLs) governing economically important fruit quality traits in guava.


The challenges for future automotive radars are caused by two major trends. The first is the series implementation of complex safety functions in small car high volume platforms. With the radar-based Collision Prevention Assist® in the new Mercedes Benz B-Class, series implementation has been realized for the first time. The second trend is the application of driver assistance and active safety systems to rural and urban inner city scenarios. Over all brands worldwide, radar is the first choice for these systems. They can see what a human eye cannot. Radars operate during the day and at night, as well as under most weather conditions and in highly dynamic situations. However, the new market trends will impose four main development challenges on future radar developers: The first is the guarantee of worldwide interoperability and the second, is worldwide frequency regulation. The latter will enable a high level of availability. Another benefit of developing a "world sensor" basis is, that volume bundling effects can be exploited to reduce costs. The third challenge will be imaging capability for the radar outcome to enable urban scenarios and elaborate system reactions. This can be achieved by providing imaging capability to radars and by applying new signal processing schemes to 360° multi radar set ups in one vehicle. Finally, for small car platforms, more performance as standalone sensor is needed to keep affordable cost margins while fulfilling rating requirements. Hence, the sensor architecture and environmental perception tasks will have to go far beyond that of a present day ACC or BSM radar. The article describes the main challenges to future automotive radars and proposes and outlines some solutions.


Logistics transportation systems are considered regarding development of the Physical Internet. The Physical Internet is widely defined as an open global logistics system founded on physical, digital, and operational interconnectivity, through encapsulation, interfaces, and protocols, similar to the Digital Internet [1; 2]. It is built based on standardisation of both containers for transportation of goods and the equipment intended for their handling and supply. This allows creating a practically new industry since the shipper does not specify the mode of transport, and the system works on the principles of the Digital Internet, routing containers (analogous to packages of the Digital Internet) and collecting them in the right place at the right time. The concept of the Physical Internet is aimed at implementation of full interconnectedness, in terms of data, information, physical and financial flows, of several networks of freight transportation logistics services, as well as at their readiness to be freely used as a single large logistics network. The seamless physical, digital, and financial interconnection of logistics networks will include transportation, storage, and physical handling of cargo units (containers, demountable bodies, pallets, etc) [3]. In other words, these are physical objects, and that justifies the designation of the entire system as of the Physical Internet. Naturally, such a system inevitably raises the issue of standardising such physical objects (by analogy with standardising Digital Internet packages). Hence, the term of so-called ð-containers appears associated with special unified containers for storage, handling, transportation of material objects within the Physical Internet system. Now, the Physical Internet is not a merely theoretical concept. Its implementation is being carried out in many countries. The first Russian companies have already started promoting this concept as well. The objective of the article is to review the current state of this logistics model in Russia and the world based on the analysis of the literature and practical implementations.


Based on the phase diagrams,the measured activities and the principle of annexation, a calculation model for mass action concentrations of Fe Cr Ni melts, has been formulated. The calculated results not only agree well with measured values, but also obey the law of mass action. It showed that the model can reflect the structural reality of given melts and the principle of annexation is applicable to the ternary metallic melts.


The purpose of this work is to determine the functional state of the brain of patients on the basis of the electroencephalogram, which were operated under general anesthesia against the background of the standard management of the postoperative period.
The study was conducted in the surgical departments of various profiles on the basis of the Kharkov City Clinical Hospital of Emergency and Emergency Medical Care. prof. A.I. Meshchaninov.
The study was conducted with the total number of patients in 86 young, middle-aged and elderly patients with surgical pathology who underwent surgery under general anesthesia.
The study of the functional state of the brain by determining the bioelectrical activity of the brain, by conducting an electroencephalogram, was determined in two stages: before surgery and 3-5 days after surgery with general anesthesia.
Based on the data obtained, it is possible to recommend an electroencephalogram to assess the functional state of the brain of patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia. Marked electroencephalographic changes in the period after the operation indicate a deterioration in the functional state of the brain, which are a consequence of the effects of anesthesia, surgical stress, and effects on cognitive function.


ABSTRACT The coast of the Canadian Beaufort Sea has been analyzed into segments, and for each the shoreline character and sensitivity were described in detail and a protection and cleanup plan developed. These "miniplans" together provide a regional response plan and define resource and logistic requirements for spills of different sizes in any part of the Canadian Beaufort Sea. In the event of a spill, low-altitude videotape reconnaissance surveys would first define the location of the oil and be followed by ground surveys to document the oiling conditions and to develop cleanup recommendations and strategies. Such information would be collected systematically, using standardized forms and terminology, and could be archived in a data base or Geographical Information System (GIS).


We are pleased to announce the special issue on World Models and Predictive Coding in Robotics. The pursuit of autonomous cognitive-developmental robots has long been a high aspiration within the field of robotics, and creating cognitive dynamics that enable robots to learn and adapt through sensorimotor interactions is a key challenge in cognitive and developmental robotics. This special issue focuses on the concept of world models, which allow robots to predict future sensory observations and optimize behavior based on the sensory consequences of actions, in line with the framework of predictive coding and the free energy principle in contemporary neuroscience. While world models have shown promise in robotics, their application has been mostly limited to simulationbased investigations, and the challenges associated with developing autonomous cognitive and developmental robots based on these principles have yet to be fully explored in real-world settings. This special issue aims to report the latest research results in these fields and stimulate discussions on the future of cognitive-developmental robotics. We received numerous paper submissions and have accepted five papers for the second issue. The second volume of our special issue contains five original works. First, A. Kinose et al. present a multiview world model that extends an existing model called Dreaming, which is based on contrastive learning. This extension allows the model to integrate visual information from different perspectives. They demonstrate its properties through experiments. Second, M. Suzuki et al. present a software library that serves as a basic toolkit for researchers and developers studying deep generative models, includingworldmodels. This librarywill accelerate robotics research using such models, including world models. Third, M. Ishige et al. describe an innovative technique for visual posing of tendon-driven hands that integrates world models and muscle synergies. Fourth, M. Nagano et al. propose unsupervised acquisition of phonemes andwords fromcontinuous speech. They use a hierarchical probabilistic generative model that achieves word segmentation and acquisition by predicting acoustic data. Finally, T. Taniguchi et al. present a new mechanism for emergent communication. They formalize the Metropolis-Hastings naming game and introduce a novel symbol emergencemodel based on deep generative models. We would like to express our gratitude to all authors who submitted their original papers to this special issue. We also extend our thanks to the reviewers for their valuable comments that have significantly contributed to improving the quality of each paper. Finally, we would like to acknowledge the great assistance provided by Ms. Noriko Watanabe of Advanced Robotics.


Drosophila larvae are an established model system for studying the mechanisms of innate and simple forms of learned behaviour. They have about 10 times fewer neurons than adult flies, and it was the low total number of their neurons that allowed for an electron microscopic reconstruction of their brain at synaptic resolution. Regarding the mushroom body, a central brain structure for associative learning in insects, it turned out that more than half of the classes of synaptic connection had previously escaped attention. Understanding the function of these circuit motifs, subsequently confirmed in adult flies, is an important current research topic. In this context, we test larval Drosophila for their cognitive abilities in three tasks that are characteristically more complex than those previously studied. Our data provide evidence for (i) conditioned inhibition, as has previously been reported for adult flies and honeybees. Unlike what is described for adult flies and honeybees, however, our data do not provide evidence for (ii) sensory preconditioning or (iii) second-order conditioning in Drosophila larvae. We discuss methodological features of our experiments as well as four specific aspects of the organisation of the larval brain that may explain why these two forms of learning are observed in honeybees and adult flies, but not in larval Drosophila.


Described is a device designed to hold a vehicle fitted with an electronic anti-blocking system on a slope. The device has electrically operated multi-way valves (6, 7, 22, 23, 28, 29) fitted in at least one hydraulic-fluid line leading from a brake-pressure source (1) to the inlet valves (12, 13, 14, 15). The multi-way valves are open in the normal position and can be switched over to a closed position. Fitted parallel to the multi-way valves are pressure-relief valves (20, 21, 24, 25, 20, 31). The multi-way valves act as vehicle-holding valves. When the brake-pressure source (1) is in the released position, electronic circuits (not shown) control the vehicle-holding valves (6, 7, 22, 23, 28, 29) in response to hold commands or hold signals and/or start up the hydraulic pump (8, 27) of an auxiliary pressure source (5, 26)


ABSTRACT Diatomic gaseous sulfur obtained in thermal processes of elemental sulfur dissociation and hydrogen sulfide decomposition is considered. It is shown that the thermodynamic parameters of this substance formation accepted in literature refer to its metastable singlet state . Since diatomic sulfur is an isoelectronic analog of oxygen, its ground state must be a triplet . As it turned out, this ground triplet state of S2 molecule can be obtained at low temperature catalytic decomposition of H2S. The reaction mechanism is considered in terms of non-equilibrium thermodynamics for open systems. The process occurs at room temperature due to internal energy of H2S molecules without using external energy sources. As shown, metal catalyst provides the capture and inter-conversion of energy from exothermic processes of adsorption and dissociation of H2S molecules resulted in their chemical transformation on the catalyst surface into the final reaction products - molecular hydrogen and diatomic triplet sulfur. Some properties of gaseous triplet sulfur and white solid globular sulfur obtained from its saturated aqueous solutions are considered. A hypothesis about the nature of bacterial sulfur S0 and possible mechanism of chemosynthesis of carbohydrates from H2S and CO2 is proposed. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Objective: To compare the effects of verapamil on the contralateral kidney affected by unilateral ureter obstruction. Material & method: The right ureter of oryctalagus cuniculus rabbits, were obstructed surgically with silk suture material, and kept alive for 14 days. One group was obstructed without other treatment, one group was given verapamil from day 7 until day 14 of the obstruction. One group was obstructed and given verapamil from day 0 through day 14. One group was given a sham operation as a control group. The contralateral kidney of all groups were harvested and processed with ApopTag. The increase of apoptotic tubular cells compared to the control group was then analyzed between each group. Results: The highest increase in apoptotic cells was in the obstructed group without verapamil, but increased significantly compared to control (p<0,001). The groups which received verapamil had lower increase of apoptotic tubular cells, in the group given verapamil for 14 days lower than the group which received verapamil only for 7 days. Both the 7 to 14 and the 0 to 14 groups were significantly lower than the group without verapamil (p=0,035 and p<0,001 respectively). Conclusion: verapamil has a protective effect on the contralateral kidney by inhibiting apoptosis caused by unilateral ureter obstruction. While the definitive treatment for urinary obstruction is to relieve it, verapamil can protect the kidney in the mean time.


In this paper, we analyze which characteristics of the firm determine the demand for auditor provided non-audit services (APNAS). Using a panel data sample of 195 Australian companies between 1999 and 2002, we found that board characteristics and audit characteristics matter little for APNAS purchase. Instead, consistent results across models suggest the importance of other firm characteristics such as whether there is a leadership change, the auditor's share of APNAS and whether the auditor's firm is a Big 5 auditing firm. Additionally, historical APNAS purchases also have an impact on current APNAS purchase.


We propose a novel static var-compensator(SVC) nonlinear robust adaptive control scheme based on system immersion and manifold invariant(II) adaptive method as well as the L-two gain restraint robust method.Firstly,a manifold that denotes the parameter estimation error is made invariant and attractive by the proposed estimation error and the robust control law.Thus the estimation error will converge to zero on this manifold.Then,an adjustable parameter is designed to control the convergence performance of the estimation error.Finally,the robust control law is deduced by adaptive backstepping.The robustness of the control system is guaranteed by the reduction of the disturbances from input to the regulated output.The simulation shows that for the estimation of the parameter and the dynamic response of the generator rotor angle,the proposed controller and the parameter update law are superior to the classical adaptive backstepping.Thus the stability of the power system is improved.


Semen of the black rat was inseminated artificially into the female Norway rat by routine technique. Among 20 rats, 9 showed pregnancy. Five impregnanted rats were dissected on 8 to 14 days after insemination and one to 4 embryos were found. No offspring were born in the case of the artificial insemination. In the control in which the semen of the Norway rat was inseminated artificially into the female Norway rat, pregnancies were obtained at high frequency and offspring were successfully born as in natural matings. Chromosomes of the hybrid blastocysts showed 42 chromosomes consisting of two haploid sets, one from the Norway rat and the other from the black rat.


BACKGROUND
Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is a widely distributed Zn2+-binding metalloprotease that cleaves multiple short and medium-sized peptides prone to form β-structures. These include insulin and amyloid-β peptides. Accumulation and fibrillation of amyloid-β peptides leading to the formation of amyloid plaques is a characteristic sign of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology.

OBJECTIVE
The study investigated the rs2421943 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the IDE gene as a risk factor for MCI (Mild cognitive impairment) and AD.

METHODS
Two independent groups of 1670 patients and controls were included. The AD group consisted of 595 patients and 400 controls; the MCI group involved 135 patients and 540 matched controls. PCR and restriction fragment length analysis was used for analysis of the rs2421943 polymorphism. Using the miRBase and RNA22 prediction tools in silico indicated that the rs2421943 polymorphism is a potential target for a specific miRNA (hsa-miR-7110-5p).

RESULTS
AG and GG genotypes of rs2421943 significantly increased the risk of AD and the AG genotype increased the risk of MCI. It seems G allele both increases the risk of AD and accelerates the transition through the MCI phase. In silico study revealed that rs2421943 is inside the sequence binding miRNA hsa-miR-7110-5p. The polymorphism could affect the rate of IDE pre-RNA (heterogeneous nuclear RNA, hnRNA) processing, resulting in slower translation, lower levels of IDE, deficient removal of amyloid-β fragments and greater risk of and/or accelerated progression of AD.

CONCLUSIONS
GG and AG genotypes of the single nucleotide polymorphism rs2421943 of insulin degrading enzyme gene increase the risk of AD and MCI.


OBJECTIVE
Reports of mental health care use by Latinos compared to Caucasians have been mixed. To the authors' knowledge, no large-scale studies have examined the effects of language on mental health service use for Latinos who prefer Spanish compared to Latinos who prefer English and to Caucasians. Language is the most frequently used proxy measure of acculturation. The authors used the administrative database of a mental health system to conduct a longitudinal examination of mental health service use among Spanish-speaking versus English-speaking Latinos and Caucasians with serious mental illness.

METHOD
There were 539 Spanish-speaking Latinos, 1,144 English-speaking Latinos, and 4,638 Caucasians initiating treatment for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depression during 2001-2004. Using multivariate regressions, the authors examined the differences among the groups in the type of service first used. The authors also examined the probability of use of each of four types of mental health services and the intensity of outpatient treatment.

RESULTS
Spanish-speaking Latinos differed from both English-speaking Latinos and Caucasians on most measures. Compared to patients in the other groups, the Spanish-speaking Latinos were less likely to enter care through emergency or jail services and more likely to enter care through outpatient services. There were no group differences in the proportion that stayed in treatment or used inpatient hospitalization.

CONCLUSIONS
This study suggests that for Latinos, preferred language may be more important than ethnicity in mental health service use. Future studies comparing mental health use may need to differentiate between Spanish- and English-speaking Latinos.


The voJume and sall passing through the Sound. which is one of the two main channels (Great Bell and the Sound) connecting the Ballic with the Nonh Sea. has heen calculated since there are some uncertainty ahoutthe role 01' the Sound compared to the Great Bell regarding the s.:'1ltOux. The volume Oow model in the Sound is based on a balance bet\\'een the a1ong-channel sea surface slope and the bonom frktion. This model approach was developed and tested with fidd measurements by Jacobsen (1980). In the present analysis hour1y measurements of salinity and water levels were usetl to estimate the saltOux through the strait. During the Iatest major inOow event to the Baltic taking place in Januar)' I~N3. we found that approximatdy 2.lxlOI2 kg sall intruded to the Ballic through the Sound. This corresponds 10 around 50 <I{ 01' the total high-saline water Oowing into the Baltic during Ihis evenl and approximalely 27 % of the total yearly vo!ume 01' salto


JIANDONG REN* In this paper Dr. Li derived many interesting results for the time of recovery and the maximum severity of ruin in a Sparre Andersen model with phase-type interclaim times. The purpose of this discussion is to show that similar results can be obtained for the perturbed risk process with Markovian arrivals. As does Badescu (2008), we assume that claims occur according to a Markovian arrival process with representation ( , D0, D1): that is, claims occur according to a background Markov process J(t) with m states, initial distribution , and intensity matrix D0 D1. The matrix D0 gives the intensity of state changes without claim arrivals, and D1 the intensity of state changes with claim arrivals. Claims arriving with a transition from state i to state j in the process J(t) are assumed to have probability density function pij. When J(t) i, the premium rate is ci, and the risk process is perturbed by a Brownian motion with drift 0 and infinitesimal variance 2 . i Then, given an initial level u of the surplus, the perturbed risk process is


The construction of nano-hybrid liquid crystals (LCs) has been intensively pursued because the unique traits of nano-objects together with the self-assembly features of LCs allow the development of novel anisotropic materials. Self-assembly of surfactant-encapsulated polyoxometalate (SEP) complexes, consisting of nano-sized cores and organic shells, provides particularly important contribution in this area. The main motivation for developing those nano-hybrid liquid crystals originates from the added-value combination between anionic polyoxometalates and cationic surfactants. This account describes recent work in our group to develop thermotropic SEP complexes that result from the sophisticated molecular design. Since the polyoxometalates possess well-defined topology, strictly mono-dispersed size, and precise surface charges, it is possible to get more insight into understanding of the influence of nature of components on the thermal property of nano-hybrid LCs. We briefly describe the general importance and advantage of nano-hybrid LCs. We then highlight the synthesis and characterization of thermotropic liquid crystals based on polyoxometalate nano-clusters. The driving forces behind the molecular self-assembly are discussed in depth. The various factors, including chain length, surfactant density and the size-matching effect, affecting the interfacial curvature and the LC properties are summarized. We expect that the structure-property relationships are virtually helpful for the design of new nano-hybrid LC materials.


primary and secondary school feeds one's growing concern for the future of music in the primary school. No doubt the editors will explain that material was not forthcoming, but it seems significant that this collection contains no article from the primary sector, either from that dying breed the music specialist, or more importantly, from general class teachers, in whom is vested the charge of primary-age music education for the foreseeable future. Michael Stocks' account of his Growing Up With Music project which he has initiated as Country Music Adviser to Somerset is the only one offering any insight into this problem. His course takes another and more practical look at the task attempted by the Schools' Council Primary Project, taking the acquisition of skills as his underlying principle the skills in question being largely vocal. ILEA's policy of bringing live opera singers into the classroom is one which many will view with envy but with little hope of emulation. Peter Collis writes up the experiment in an easy way with plenty of anecdotal reference, whereas John Stephens is left to give an insight into the problems faced by a music educator working as an administrator. His use of language in arguing the case for Music Coordinators, as Staff Inspector for Music in ILEA, reflects years of experience in reasoned documentation supported by references to recent education theory and underlines the need for all of us in music education to make sure that our specialist thinking is always underpinned by such awareness.


While the method of Quantitative Research is still the prominent way of research in use and needs to be improved,the method of Quality Research,which focuses on deep investigation into study objects under natural circumstances,is surging forward.However,there exists in the practical study insufficient interpretation as to what the Quality Research in and,the difference between the Quality Research and the Qualitative Research is not made clear.This thesis analyzes deeply the connotations of the Quality Research and,by combining the tendency of psychological study in this times of information,expounds fully the significance by applying the method of the Quality Research into psychological studies.


Josep Pla had already met Crexells before the two men set off in 1921 for Salamancaby way of Madrid. They had started work at the Spanish-language Barcelona daily newspaper La Publicidadon the same day, under the directionof Romà Jori. Jori had given Pla the task of reporting for the paper on the philosophy lectures that Crexells was to give at the University of Salamanca. Pla's descriptions of the journey's events, which appear in his journal Madrid 1921, portray Crexells as a very educated young man, who was highly conversant with European culture and never gave himself over to intellectual laziness. When Pla and Crexells arrived in Salamanca, Unamuno took them on a tour of the university and other sites of interest. During their stay, Crexells found it impossible to get a word in edgewise on the subject of philosophy with Unamuno, who as rector of the University of Salamanca was fixated on the only two matters apparentlyof concern to the manat that time: Madrid politics and poetry. It was Unamuno himself who, in a hushed voice, introduced Crexells to the assembled audience. Pla, seated at the back of the hall, heard hardly any of the introduction. Based on the Crexells lectures, Pla wrote two lengthy reports.For the lectures themselves, Pla moved to a seat in the front row. Between him and Professor Noguera sat Unamuno, who was demonstrably impressed by the youthand talent of Crexells.


Workers in office environments often have to deal with high cognitive workload due to the coordination of multiple work tasks. The objective of this research was to use a dual-task paradigm to examine the impact of cognitive load in office-type tasks on the cervicobrachial muscle activity response and performance. Cognitive load was manipulated by presenting subjects with examples of the three different types of cognitive tasks described in Rasmussen's (1983) taxonomy, including skill-, rule-, and knowledge-based tasks while they performed a secondary typing task. Performance in the secondary task, cervicobrachial muscle activity, and subjective measures of perceived stress and mental workload were the dependent measures. Results showed a significant effect of the different cognitive tasks. The cognitive task causing the highest level of subjective workload also produced 66.67% higher muscle activity in the right trapezius, and 8.33% and 10.53% higher activity in the left and right cervical erector spinae, respectively, in comparison to muscle activity associated with the cognitive task causing the lowest perceived workload. With respect to performance, a 29.8% decrease was observed in typing productivity when the rule-based task was completed as compared to typing with no additional cognitive load.


Methane adsorption by different forms of activated carbon obtained from coffee husks, including monolith honeycomb and disc types, was studied by activation with zinc salts and potassium hydroxide at 298.15 K and 303.15 K and pressures up to 30.00 atm in a volumetric adsorption apparatus. We observed increased methane adsorption capacity on a mass basis in the different activated carbon monoliths with increasing surface area, total pore volume and micropore volume, with the honeycomb type displaying the highest methane absorption capacity. The maximum volumetric methane uptake by the synthesised carbon monoliths was observed to be 130 V/V at 298.15 K and 30.00 atm for honeycomb monoliths synthesised with zinc chloride (ZnCl2) and Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the binder. Adsorption calorimetry results were used to describe the interaction between guest molecules and the adsorbent at low surface coverage and the energetic heterogeneous surface nature of the adsorbent.


The attenuation of solar radiation controls many processes and characteristics of aquatic ecosystems and is a sentinel of larger‐scale environmental change. While light attenuation is often characterized with a single broadband diffuse attenuation coefficient of photosynthetically active radiation (K d PAR), attenuation can exhibit substantial variability across the solar spectrum and through time and space. Understanding this variability and its proximate causes may provide information to characterize large‐scale environmental change. We implemented a semi‐analytical K d model in four segments of the Rhode River sub‐estuary of the Chesapeake Bay to examine spectral, spatial, and temporal variability in K d across the ultraviolet (UV) to PAR wavelengths (290–710 nm) over the period 1986–2014. We used this model to identify wavelengths most sensitive to long‐term change, the seasonal phenology of long‐term change, and the optical constituents driving changes. The model included contributions by phytoplankton, non‐algal particulates, chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), and water. Over the period of record, K d increased (water transparency decreased) in both UV and PAR wavelengths, with the largest increases at the most upstream site, during summer months, and at short UV wavelengths. These increases were due primarily to an increase in non‐algal particulates, and particularly since year 2005, however there was substantial seasonality in K d. The model reveals how different changes in water quality have a differential effect on UV and PAR attenuation, and enables insight into what types of long‐term change in transparency have occurred over the long period of human impacts in the Chesapeake Bay watershed.


During resolution of wound healing, endothelial cells in the immature networks respond to blood forces, re‐organizing locally to optimize the network globally. Some segments dilate, while others are pruned, and eventually, a stable configuration is reached. In contrast, tumor blood vessels are chronically immature, probably due to high levels of VEGF in the microenvironment. Interestingly, many anti‐VEGF therapies can cause maturation or stabilization of tumor blood vessels through a process resembling adaptive remodeling of networks in wounds. Unfortunately this effect is temporary, and very little is known about how it affects the distribution of blood flow and the transport of nutrients and drugs into the tumor. In general, remodeling depends on blood shear forces, transvascular pressure as well as growth factors such as VEGF. To provide an analytical framework for understanding this process, we have developed a mathematical model, supported by multi‐ parameter imaging methodology, that incorporates the necessary elements for predicting the transport of nutrients and drugs throughout tumor vessels and tissue, as well as the adaptive remodeling of the blood vessel network. Funded by R01HL064240.


Automatic shot boundary detection has been an active research area for nearly a decade and has led to high performance detection algorithms for hard cuts, fades, dissolve, wipes. To extract valid information from videos, without any loss of information, much attention is being paid to video processing technology. Digital video is widely used in multimedia databases and requires effective retrieval techniques. Shot boundary detection is a common first step in analysing video content. Segmenting digital video into its constituent basic semantic entities, or shots, is an important step for effective management and retrieval of video data. To detect transitions between shots, many algorithms are developed which are highly effective on abrupt transition. The effective detection of gradual transitions is an especially a difficult task. In this paper, we present a gradual transition detection approach based on average frame similarity and adaptive threshold. We report good results on different video sequences, particularly for fades and dissolve.


Throughout the history of the concept of empathy have developed two approaches to explain, first find authors who stand from a cognitive view and the other from an affective look. In recent times it has achieved an interdisciplinary integration of the two. In this paper we attempt to review various databases considering both recent and featured articles on the subject. We apply ourselves to study empathy within the first two years of a child's life, a period that has not been well studied as in other stages of life with regard to this concept. Important brain structures and hormones are involved, is the case of the amygdala, mirror neurons, the left superior temporal sulcus, the premotor cortex, inferior parietal lobe, Broca's area and oxytocin. In this way empathy is linked to the possibility of child survival and thus the species. We note that both parents and infants behaviors related to empathy are deployed. Attachment is a concept that can link the term of empathy if we refer to the period of childhood. As the child grows are different attitudes towards empathy starting from behaviors that create stress on parents, such as crying that allows parents to pay attention to the child; following by imitation behavior by the baby first in relation to their parents and then extending their environment and concluding more independent attitudes.


Post Irradiation Effects (PIE) ranging from normal recovery to catastrophic failure have beem observed in integrated circuits during the PIE period. These variations indicate that 8 rebound or PIE "recipe" used for radiation hardness assurance must be chosen with care. In this paper, we provide examples of PIE in a variety of integrated circuits of importance to spacecraft electronics.


ABSTRACT Corrosion, fatigue and corrosion-fatigue cracking are the most pervasive types of structural problems experienced by ship structures. These damage modes, can potentially lead to unanticipated out of service time or catastrophic failure. Acoustic Emission is gaining ground as a complementary Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) technique, since it can offer real-time damage detection. Deep learning, on the other hand, has shown great success over the last years for a large number of applications. In this paper, the SHM on ship hulls is treated as a classification problem. Firstly, the AE signals are transformed, using the Discrete Cosine Transform, followed by a dimensionality reduction stage. Afterwards, a Deep Neural Network is employed by the classification module. The proposed approach was validated and the results indicate that our proposed method can be very effective and efficient, selecting the optimum AE sensor positions and providing almost perfect localisation results.


N. A. Volland, T. H. Mareci, and N. E. Simpson Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States, Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States


Thanks to "dust-to-planet" simulations (DTPSs), which treat the collisional evolution directly from dust to giant-planet cores in a protoplanetary disk, we showed that giant-planet cores are formed in ≲10 au in several 105 yr, because porous pebbles grow into planetesimals via collisions prior to drift in 10 au. However, such porous pebbles are unlikely to reproduce the polarized millimeter wavelength light observed from protoplanetary disks. We thus investigate gas-giant core formation with nonporous pebbles via DTPSs. Even nonporous bodies can grow into planetesimals and massive cores that are possible to be gas giants are also formed in several 105 yr. The rapid core formation is mainly via the accretion of planetesimals produced by collisional coagulation of pebbles drifting from the outer disk. The formation mechanism is similar to the case with porous pebbles, while core formation occurs in a wider region (5–10 au) than that with porous pebbles. Although pebble growth and core formation depend on the disk temperature, core formation is likely to occur with disk temperatures in typical optical thick disks around protostars.


The importance of the use of Design Patterns in order to build reusable and wellstructured software has been eminent since these patterns have been formalized. Thus, it became desirable to be able to detect which design patterns are present in a software system. Knowing this information it is possible to make an evaluation on different aspects of the system. Though, it is a very difficult task for a software engineer to pinpoint all the Design Patterns present in a system, without any assistance. Addressing this need, techniques for automated design pattern detection have appeared in the literature. Some are based on reverseengineering of already existing code while others can work already at design level by analyzing UML diagrams. Though, complexity is one of the characteristics of all the methods proposed until now. Furthermore, all of these techniques work only for a limited number of the GoF patterns. Our aim in this paper is to elaborate on a simple approach for automatic detection of design patterns that works by analyzing UML class diagrams. Our method can achieve the automated detection of all GoF patterns that do not require any code specific information to recognize them. Research Track: Software Engineering


Virtual machine provisioning in multi-datacentre cloud computing environments is a challenging problem. However, most current virtual machine management strategies ignore their effect on cloud network. In this paper, a scalable network-aware resource allocation strategy is proposed that dynamically allocates virtual machines in cloud computing environments while minimising the overall cost. It is mainly utilised at the cloud service provider that has a large number of datacentres. Several important parameters have been taken into consideration that are mainly ignored in previous related studies. Additionally, software-defined network (SDN) has been adopted in the proposed strategy. Simulation studies have been conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed strategy. Simulation results show a reduction in the utilisation in the valuable upper-layer links in datacentres that resulted mainly because of favouring lower-cost links during virtual machine allocation process. Additionally, the proposed strategy is able to cope with the dynamic nature of the allocation process.


Following the accident in Chernobyl in 1986 the number of units available for monitoring radioactivty, mainly for gammaspectrometry, has been increased considerably in the Federal Republic of Germany. Futhermore, new legislation requires that all official monitoring laboratories verify the quality of their analytical technique by participating in interlaboratory comparison studies organized by Federal institutions. Such a study was therefore organized in 2002/03 by the institute for dairy chemistry and technology at the Federal Dairy Research Centre in Kiel. 63 laboratories collaborated on the analysis of Cs-134/137, K-40 and Sr-90 in breadcrumbs. The results of the study were good as expected. After eliminating only a few discordant data, the average deviation of the laboratory means from the overall mean was 8,5 % for Cs-134, 6,4 % for Cs-137, 8,5 % for K-40 and 14,1 % for Sr-90. Such good results imply that experienced personnel are efficiently operating modern sophisticated equipment and software. Dans ce but, une telle etude etait organisee en 2002/2003 par l'institut de chimie et de technologie laitieres au Centre de recherche laitiere a Kiel. 63 laboratoires ont participe a l'etude pour determiner Cs-134/137 et Sr-90 dans la chapelure. L'evaluation statistique des enregistrements logiques des donnees avec 3 valeurs de mesurage pour Cs-134/137, Sr-90 et K-40 est decrite. L'etude interlaboratoire a mene aux bons resultats escomptes. Apres l'elimination de quelques valeurs discordantes, les valeurs moyennes des deviations s'elevaient a 8,5 % pour Cs-134, a 6,4 % pour Cs-137, a 8,5% pour K-40, et a 14,1% pour Sr-90. Ces bons resultats s'expliquent par les logiciels bien elabores et facilement maniables etant operes de maniere optimale par du personnel hautement specialise.


This volume consists of thirteen papers written by the pupils and co-workers of Prof. Peter P. Prokopenko on the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of his medical, scientific and pedagogic activities. The papers are in Russian, but each one is followed by an abstract in English. The volume opens with a greeting to Professor Prokopenko from his pupils and is followed by a short biography of Professor Prokopenko, written by I. O. Merkulov. The first paper, by E. B. Rabkin, is concerned with the polychromatic plates for the diagnosis of color blindness, which are discussed elsewhere, in a book review in theArchives. I. I. Merkulov and S. U. Minkin report on the relation between the intracranial and the intra-ocular pressure in two patients. They found no correlation between the intracranial and the intra-ocular pressure, even when the intracranial pressure was acutely increased or decreased. The results of an


Purpose: This study investigated the effects of Telephone Counseling on Secondary Prevention Knowledge and Medication Adherenc after Discharge in Stroke Patients Method: Data were collected from April 19 to August 25, 2018 from patients who were diagnosed with stroke at a general hospital and were discharged from hospital after individual discharge education. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS/WIN 23.0 program for descriptive statistics, x -test, Fisher's Exact, independent t-test. Results: Secondary prevention knowledge increased in experimental group(15.06±0.24) more than a control group(8.09±3.21)(t=-8.96, p<.001). A medication adherence for secondary prevention increased in experimental group(6.34±0.69) more than a control group(3.40±1.99)(t= -5.94, p<.001). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that once-call counseling after discharge of primary stroke patients increases knowledge of secondary prevention and drug use, which may increase the efficiency of nursing work. [Keywords] Counseling, Stroke, Knowledge, Medication, Adherence