Pyrimido[5,4‐d]pyrimidines are biologically important compounds with diverse activity depending on the substituent groups around the heterocycle. The 3,4‐dihydropyrimido[5,4‐d]pyrimidines are efficiently converted to the aromatic derivatives by Dimroth rearrangement promoted by reaction with piperidine, in a very slow process. Subsequently, the aromatic derivatives are converted to new 4,8‐disubstituted‐pyrimido[5,4‐d]pyrimidine derivatives by reaction with aldehydes in an acidic medium. The 4,8‐disubstituted‐pyrimido[5,4‐d]pyrimidines are also obtained much more efficiently by a tandem reaction between the 3,4‐dihydropyrimido[5,4‐d]pyrimidines, piperidine and a variety of aldehydes. The cascade reaction approach has a broad application since phenyl, haloaryl, alkoxy‐aryl, hydroxy‐aryl, and heteroaryl aldehydes are compatible with the reaction conditions. The reactions were studied by 1H NMR. These studies support the reaction mechanisms proposals. The tandem approach involves the formation of ionic reactive intermediates that allows explain this approach´s efficiency.


Objective:To explore the clinical value of the platysma myofascial and sternohyoid muscle flaps in the reconstruction of larynx.Methods: 28 cases with Laryngocarcinoma were underwent the partial vertical laryngectomy and larynyeal reconstruction with platysma myofascial flap and sternohyoid muscle flap.According to the size and shape of laryngeal defect,a unipedicle platysma myofascial flap was taken and transposed into the lumen to cover the defect.Results:After operation, a three-year follow up indicated that the swallow function returned to normal in 7 to 10 days.The tracheal tube extraction rate was 96.6%(27/28) and 3 year survival rate was 85.7%(24/28).Conclusion:The playsma myofascial flap and sternohyoid muscle flap were feasible for laryngeal reconstruction.


Objective: The study aims to identify the use of pesticides and disposal of empty containers by rural workers in the city of Ouro Preto do Oeste / RO. Methods: This is a study with a quantitative approach, conducted in September 2015 through a questionnaire adapted to a sample of 30 rural workers, to survey variables such as employee ID, agrochemicals, use of PPE (personal protective equipment) and disposal of packaging. Results: Most respondents were male, with incomplete primary education, among the most used pesticides brings out the herbicides Round-up mark, there was a limitation as to the correct use of PPE in relation to the packaging and final disposal of containers met inappropriate results in most of the properties. Conclusions: We observed that rural workers are for the most part vulnerable to the risks posed by pesticides because of low education that compromise the understanding of labels and leaflets as well as flaws in the work process and final disposal of emptycontainers.


This paper studied on the design and development of Bayesian network platform under the B/S mode. We described the function design, development framework, network visualization, construction of the digital information and the inference algorithms of Bayesian network in detail. Based on the B/S model, this platform has obvious advantages at the aspects of convenience and cost. Finally, the simulation study of the Asia case confirmed the effectiveness of the platform modeling and inference. The results show that this platform completely satisfies the requests of Bayesian network applications and provides strong support for online modeling and inference.


Using a particular representation of the nuclear two-body interaction, simplifications can be obtained in calculating matrix elements of the nuclear interaction. The wave functions are constructed from particles of different type (protons and neutrons, particle and hole excitations, bosons of different multipolarity, fermion-boson coupled systems). A general expression for nuclear matrix elements is derived. Moreover, in the particular case of up to four particles of each type, we give detailed expressions of the matrix elements.


Fakultas Agama Islam UMM ABSTRACT This research is motivated by the reality of the learning process of the Islamic Religious Education (PAI), which allegedly still using traditional learning models so that provide less traction on the implications for students 'lack of internalization of religious teaching in students' self. To that end, CTL approach (Contextual Teaching and Learning) is assumed to be able to make learning more meaningful and PAI is able to encourage students to make Islamic teachings in their daily living. The aim of this study (first stage) is to describe the learning profile of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) in junior high school in Malang. Qualitative approach used in this study, key informant PAI first grade's teacher and Principal or Chief Principal. The curriculum at each school in Malang (SMP 13, 18 and SMP Muhammadiyah I Malang). While the data collection technique used observation, interviews, documentation, and after the data was analyzed with descriptive and qualitative. Results from this study indicate that teachers at all three junior high PAI Malang has been made: (1) planning the learning, such as Prota, Prosem, Syllabus, RPP. (2) learning scenarios, starting from the initial stage, the core and cover. (3) Problem faced by teachers in the learning of the PAI include methods, media, large class group, students' backgrounds are diverse IQ capabilities and lack of textbooks and worksheets by student. Kata Kunci : Pembelajaran PAI, Perangkat pembelajaran, Pendekatan CTL


This edited volume contains seven chapters in all. Apart from the preface, the editors have provided an overview to the volume in the first chapter. The next three chapters are issue-based thematic papers: Mark Sidel's paper focuses upon the governmental responses to the phenomenon of charity by the diaspora members and its implications for equity. David de Ferranti and Anthony J. Ody have addressed the issue of equitable development in the context of remittances and other kinds of financial flows by the diaspora to the countries of origin. And, Devesh Kapur has dealt with the dark side of the phenomenon of diaspora giving its negative implications for equity; some diaspora groups creating charities that mix philanthropic giving and relief work with militant and destructive movements. There are four other chapters, each· one focusing on one particular geographical region of the world: Adil Najam illustrates diaspora philanthropy in Asia; M. 0. Okome ori Africa; Barbara J Merz, one of the editors of the volume, on the Caribbean, and Manuel Orozco on Central America. Primarily, the papers together have tried to further our understanding of the promises and pitfalls 'llnderlying the diapora engagement in the countries of origin and how this could contribute to bridging the distances between unequal societies in a divided world. The editors have done a fine job of providing a very comprehensive overview, with sections on the general concepts and definitions of diaspora, philanthropy, equitable development, and role of the state, particularly for the benefit of the uninitiated. This is complemented by specific explanations of the financing and risks involved in diaspora engagement, and their regional perspectives. In addition, they have also distilled the issues and challenges, and elaborated upon relationships like those between diaspora and migration, and gender and diaspora. In doing so, the editors are however focused entirely upon the trends and the roadmap to future tendencies of diaspora giving and its impact on global equity. This discussion could have been further enriched if the editors


In this paper, we present a novel face recognition method called Multi-scale block Center-Symmetric Local Binary Pattern (MCS-LBP). The face recognition process mainly consists of three phase: face representation, feature extraction, and classification. However, the most important phase is extraction, in which unique features of the face image are extracted. The Center-Symmetric Local Binary Pattern (CS-LBP) feature can be viewed as a combination of texture-based features and gradient-based features. However, it has less dimensional area; the bit-wise comparison made between two single pixel values is significantly affected by noise and sensitive to image translation and rotation. To address this problem, we present a modified feature called MCS-LBP. Instead of individual pixels, in the modified CS-LBP, the comparison is performed based on average gray values of sub-regions. Hence, it provides more complete representation than the Local Binary Pattern (LBP) and CS-LBP operator. Experiments demonstrate the proposed method.


Recent years have witnessed the emergence of microprocessors that are
embedded within a plethora of devices used in everyday life. Embedded architectures
are customized through a meticulous criteria and time consuming design process to
satisfy stringent constraints with respect to performance, area, power, and cost. In
embedded systems, the cost of the memory hierarchy limits its ability to play as central a
role. This is due to stringent constraints that fundamentally limit the physical size and
complexity of the memory system.
Embedded systems are increasingly using on-chip caches as part of their on-chip
memory system. The existing cache organization suffers from the inability to distinguish
different types of localities. This causes unnecessary movement of data among the levels
of the memory hierarchy and increases in miss ratio. In our work we propose split data
cache architecture for the embedded multimedia applications that will group memory
accesses as scalar or array references according to their inherent locality and will
subsequently map each group to a dedicated cache partition


To overcome the drawbacks of existing methods for traffic classification (by ports, Deep Packet Inspection, statistical classification) a new system was developed, in which the data are collected from client machines. This paper presents design of the system, implementation, initial runs and obtained results. Furthermore, it proves that the system is feasible in terms of uptime and resource usage, assesses its performance and proposes future enhancements.


The last major felsic intrusive event in the Mt Isa Inlier occurred between 1520 and 1490 Ma with the emplacement of the oxidised, high‐uranium l‐(granodiorite) type plutons which form the bulk of the Williams and Naraku Batholiths in the Eastern Fold Belt. These young plutons were emplaced shortly after a major period of deformation and metamorphism (D2), but are themselves in many places affected by major north‐northwest or north‐northeast structures (D4 and D5). They crop out over at least 2400 km2 and are inferred from geophysical data to extend to the north and south of the Mt Isa Inlier beneath the Carpentaria, Eromanga and Georgina Basins. These post‐D2 intrusions are mineralogically and chemically distinct from any other felsic intrusives in the Mt Isa Inlier and consist of a series of coeval but compositionally distinct plutons. Rock types present are very heterogeneous ranging from mafic magnetite‐hornblende‐biotite diorites and monzonites, through coarse porphyritic granodiorites and monzograni...


Competitive exclusion is proved for a discrete-time, size-structured,
nonlinear matrix model of m-species competition in the chemostat. The winner is
the population able to grow at the lowest nutrient concentration. This extends the
results of earlier work of the first author [11] where the case $m = 2$ was treated.


In order to deliver a service you have got to have customers. You have got to have permission to provide the service, and you have got to have the competence to provide the service. I want to suggest that social workers do have the clients, are gradually getting the permission, and are suitable candidates for further training in order to become competent.


However, no theoretical analysis of the photodecomposition alignment mechanism has been carried out. The photochemical mechanism is different for photopolymerization and photodecomposition, but the origin of the photoalignment of the LC is a UV dichroic absorption of the alignment material molecules. Therefore, we applied the model previously proposed for the photopolymerization of PVCi to the mechanism for photodecomposition alignment of LC by linearly polarized deep UV (LPDUV) light exposed polyimide. In this paper, we will describe the theoretical model for polyimide exposed to LPDUV light, using the same approach as in previous studies. 7‐9) We will also examine the validity of the model by fitting it to the experimental data. To obtain the experimental data, we measured the retardation of LPDUV-exposed polyimide, the order parameter of liquid crystal aligned by the LPDUV exposed polyimide, and the polar and azimuthal anchoring energy of the interface between nematic liquid crystals and LPDUV-exposed polyimide.


Postmenopausal women were more prone to osteoporosis due to the declined levels of the female hormone, estradiol. The reduced levels attenuates bone mass with the corresponding decrease in bone mineral density. The present study is planned to minimize the risk of osteoporosis and maintain bone health through supplementation of 60mg of soy Isoflavones along with 500mg of calcium and 250 IU of vitamin D and of course a glass of milk (200ml). The findings implicated significant improvement in bone mineral density and serum estradiol levels. Whereas this beneficial effect was not noticed in case control group who were not provided with any form of supplementation. The continued bone loss was noticed among postmenopausal women due to age-related bone loss which would be minimized through appropriate intervention strategy. The findings thus proved the efficacy of soy isoflavone capsules in combination with calcium and vitamin D. Further adopting healthy lifestyle will be helpful in restoration of bone mass effectively.


To study the immune-like cells during the development of Dictyostelium discoideum,fluorescent dye Ethidium bromide(EB) was used as surrogates for the environment toxins that Dictyostelium might encounter in the soil.With the help of fluorescence microscopy,only rufous mound cells were visualized.Positioning of nucleus by Hoechst33342 was to confirm that EB was phagocytosed into the intracellular.During the slug stage,the florescent dye EB displayed highly accumulation within a small subset cells and eventually was found in the abandoned sheath as the slug continued to migrate.The special kind cells in the slug had the ability to sequester EB.The results from flow cytometry showed that the immune-like cells existed in pre-stalk cells,suggesting the simple immune-like cells present in Dictyostelium discoideum,which is the foundation to futher study the occurrence and development of immunity system.


Simple Summary According to Globocan 2020 data, approximately 308,102 new cases of brain cancer and central nervous system (CNS) cancers were reported worldwide, with 251,329 reported deaths. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) alter various signaling pathways to regulate cell stability. In this review, we will discuss the altered metabolism in brain cancer and emphasize the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and the tumor microenvironment in controlling metabolic shifts in brain cancer. We will also highlight potential therapies for targeting ROS, inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, and addressing gliomal stem-like cells. Abstract Brain cancer is known as one of the deadliest cancers globally. One of the causative factors is the imbalance between oxidative and antioxidant activities in the body, which is referred to as oxidative stress (OS). As part of regular metabolism, oxygen is reduced by electrons, resulting in the creation of numerous reactive oxygen species (ROS). Inflammation is intricately associated with the generation of OS, leading to the increased production and accumulation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). Glioma stands out as one of the most common malignant tumors affecting the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by changes in the redox balance. Brain cancer cells exhibit inherent resistance to most conventional treatments, primarily due to the distinctive tumor microenvironment. Oxidative stress (OS) plays a crucial role in the development of various brain-related malignancies, such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and medulloblastoma, where OS significantly disrupts the normal homeostasis of the brain. In this review, we provide in-depth descriptions of prospective targets and therapeutics, along with an assessment of OS and its impact on brain cancer metabolism. We also discuss targeted therapies.


One kind of the opposing bag machine eagerly hot knife heat sealing assembly comprising a sealing knife and a base, with the base on the frame beneath the hot knife. Provided above the base sipe, provided with a hot knife in the knife slot, each with a hot knife ends hinged end of a lever, the fulcrum of the lever is connected to the carrier; connected across the beam downward the lever, the lower end of the lever corresponding to the other end of the lever; hot knife is provided with a shallow groove in the following, with circular shallow groove in the rod. Advantage of the present invention is that: a heat cutter is provided on the base is not mounted on the original hot knife sealing knife, the intermediate recess can be shallow, with a round bar (for blocking hot cloth) into the notch, it is easy to moving the hot cloth, hot cloth can be easily inserted to reduce the difficulty of replacing the hot cloth; hot knife moved up and down by a drive lever, by adjusting the height of the lower end of the lever can be changed with a hot knife in hot knife heat sealing and hot pressing the time difference, to meet the different needs of different thickness of the product.


Background and purpose:CD4~+ CD25~+ regulatory T cells have played important roles in the self immunotolerance, graft and antitumor response. The research investigated the frequency of CD4~+ CD25~+ regulatory T cells and its clinical significance in the tumor tissue and peripheral blood of the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods:Flow cytometer was used to analyze the frequency of CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cell in the tumor tissue and peripheral blood monocyte from either normal donor or the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Results:The frequency of CD4~+ CD25~+ regulatory T cells in the peripheral blood of hepatocellular carcinoma patients was (6.9±2.8) % , (6.7±1.6)% in the tumor tissue, both were higher than that in the control group. The levels of CD4~+ CD25~+ regulatory T cells in tumor tissue and peripheral blood were correlated with lymphonode metastasis and TNM classification.Conclusions:The increased frequency of CD4~+ CD25~+ regulatory T cells in the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma may be one of mechanisms that immune function was impaired in the patients.


Nigella Sativa Linn. (Ranunculaceae), commonly known as black seed or black cumin, is an herbaceous plant. Liquidliquid extraction method developed, the seed powder Nigella sativa was packed in a muslin cloth and placed in a beaker containing sufficient quantity of methanol for 72 hrs. Thereafter the methanolic extracts were filtered through Whatman filter paper no. 42 and the resultant filtrates were concentrated under reduced pressure using rotary evaporator characterize by UVspectrometer. The λmax of thymoquinone is found 254 nm and it confirms pure compound of thymoquinone. The accuracy of recovery studies by the standard addition technique was carried out by adding 50, 100 and 150% of the thymoquinone concentration in the sample. The percentage recoveries of the three concentrations were found to be (99.95-101.68) and % RSD (1.631.02). The precision method was assessed by analyzing thymoquinone in three different concentrations as 10, 25 and 40 μg mL-1 of thymoquinone. Repeatability (intra-day) was assessed by analyzing thymoquinone in three different concentrations (10, 25 and 40 μg mL-1) three times a day the %RSD (1.83-0.91). Intermediate precision (inter-day) was established by analyzing three different concentrations (10, 25 and 40 μg mL-1) of thymoquinone for three different days, %RSD (1.85-0.93). The low values of % RSD for repeatability and intermediate precision suggested an excellent precision of the developed UV spectrophotometric method. The optical, linear regression and validation data of UV spectrophotometry for the quantification of thymoquinone in methanol-Optical characteristics E1%, 1cm (201.82±2.43). Regression analysis-slope=0.0204±0.0002, intercept=0.0062±0.0012, regression coefficient (R2)=0.9984±0.0003, validation-range=5-50 μg mL-1), detection limit=0.99 μg mL-1) and quantitation limit=2.89 μg mL-1).


The present investigation aimed to treat the female goats out – off breeding season by means of one of dopamine antagonist preparation which block dopamine receptors in the reproductive system. Two groups of mature non cyclic Baladi does (experimental and control) fed and managed under the natural Egyptian environmental conditions were used at the end of the breeding season. The experimental animals were treated orally by 16 mg. dopamine receptor antagonist drug (Resperdal)® / doe divided into two doses with three days interval. The estrous signs and ovarian activity were investigated by ultrasonography and the results were confirmed by blood plasma progesterone assay. The results indicated more number of does showing estrus signs and improvement in the ovarian activity as well as blood plasma progesterone in experimental animals than in control ones. It was concluded that administration of dopamine receptor antagonist (Resperdal)® can be used for treating more than 50% of does out – off breeding season which reflect positively on the kidding crop. [Sabra, H. A and Hassan, S. G Effect of Dopamine Antagonist (Resperdal) ® on Ovarian Activity of Egyptian Baladi Goats Out-Off Breeding Season] Life Science Journal, 2011; 8(4):939-942] (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com.


Over the years, security firms including G4S involved in cash transportation have been in the news with huge cash losses being reported. In particular G4S Security Services Kenya Limited has been hard hit by these cases of fraud to the extent that their cash business has been adversely affected. Kenya Police reports have indicated that most incidences involved are on cash in transit. Fraud in security firms not only cause the loss of money but also lack of confidence among the clients that rely on this services to ensure they are able to transfer money from one point to the next. This study investigates the influence of internal control systems on money fraud in G4S Kenya. The study used descriptive research design on a population of 846 employees of Kenya G4s Company. A sample size of 85 employees which comprised 10% of the total population were selected from Thika and Nairobi regions. Simple stratified sampling was used in selection of employees in the different designation strata. Questionnaire was used in collecting quantitative data and analysed descriptively. Findings from the study revealed that the internal control systems for money management in G4S security firm were weak. Various employee related factors such as remuneration, lack of training in money handling and lack of job security largely contributed to money fraud. The study recommended the improvement of internal control systems through training of employees, system updates and use of technology in monitoring money transportation from one location to the


In this paper, we introduce the p-generalized polar methods for the simulation of the p-generalized Gaussian distribution. On the basis of geometric measure representations, the well-known Box–Muller method and the Marsaglia–Bray rejecting polar method for the simulation of the Gaussian distribution are generalized to simulate the p-generalized Gaussian distribution, which fits much more flexibly to data than the Gaussian distribution and has already been applied in various fields of modern sciences. To prove the correctness of the p-generalized polar methods, we give stochastic representations, and to demonstrate their adequacy, we perform a comparison of six simulation techniques w.r.t. the goodness of fit and the complexity. The competing methods include adapted general methods and another special method. Furthermore, we prove stochastic representations for all the adapted methods.


Based on extensive literature search,this article reviewed the incentive for sudden death.Some preventive measures such as strictly carry out classification management system for sudden death,Strengthening the prevention and treatment of the disease,improving the pre-hospital sudden death recovery rate,promoting appropriate sport,expanding the publicity and mastering the effective emergency treatment method,in order to offer a scientific reference for sudden death awareness and prevention.


The development of cross-border e-commerce is generally faced with problems such as high freight, long transportation time, and low service level. However, overseas warehouses can effectively solve the above problems to a certain extent, and they can improve consumer satisfaction. Therefore, this paper proposed a method combined with the entropy technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (E-TOPSIS) model and complex network analysis theory to make a comprehensive determination of overseas warehouse locations for China's e-commerce exports in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative (B&R). We selected 62 countries along the B&R as pre-candidates for overseas warehouse locations and then evaluated the significance of each node in cross-border e-commerce for Chinese export products. Finally, 15 countries were identified as the optimal overseas warehouse locations for Chinese export products along the B&R. The results can provide reference for overseas warehouse deployment of Chinese cross-border e-commerce enterprises as well as the development and the construction of the B&R.


The article discusses modern features, as well as problems and prospects for the development of the insurance market in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.


In this paper, we apply recent advances in discrete choice modelling to characterise what patient-specific characteristics influence intervention effectiveness when effectiveness is measured by a reduction in perceived pain. Our analysis goes beyond previous studies by examining whether misclassifying patient responses influences the outcomes of such analyses. Using data from several outpatient rehabilitation sites on patients with back injuries, we find that the scores are misclassified. We also find evidence suggesting that distributional misspecification may bias parameter and misclassification probability estimates.


In the cell of a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer, the reactions of C3H6O+• (m/z 58) isomer ions CH3OCHCH2+• (1) and •CH2CH2OCH2+ (2) with selected neutral molecules serve to distinguish clearly between these structures. It is shown that, contrary to earlier assumptions, the m/z 58 ions formed by fragmentation of 1,4-dioxane+• do not correspond to a single structure. The main component corresponds to structure 2, but structure 1 is also present to the extent of about 7%. The mechanism of fragmentation is discussed.


Art education is a gradual process. The cultivation of aesthetic ability cannot be completed within a short period of time, especially that of art creativity. In art teaching, a question worthy of discussion and research is how to cultivate the art creativity of students correctly. By analyzing museum resources and art education in China, this paper aims to effectively analyze, interpret and re-create museum collections, so as to cultivate students' ability to appreciate artworks, improve their interest in art, and develop their ability to create art. In line with the characteristics of the research subject, this research mainly utilizes the literature review method, comparative analysis method, and case study of the investigation method to study the development of art courses for students before entering junior middle schools. According to the survey, the integration between museum resources and art courses has remarkable educational significance. Around the world, many countries have key projects for the construction of art courses in museums. In order to promote the innovation of art education in China, this paper explores the prototype of figurines of a comedic face playing an instrument (喜乐俑) collected by the museums, develops art courses with the integration of this prototype. The final part of the article presents the result of the research, demonstrating a module course and concluding how art teachers can utilize museum resources to develop art educational courses, and discusses some problems of Chinese art education and puts forward some solutions.


We construct a countable number of differential operators (cid:2) L n that annihilate a generating function for intersection numbers of κ classes on M g (the κ -potential). This produces recursions among intersection numbers of κ classes which determine all such numbers from a single initial condition. The starting point of the work is a combinatorial formula relating intersection numbers of ψ and κ classes. Such a formula produces an exponential differential operator acting on the Gromov–Witten potential to produce the κ -potential; after restricting to a hyperplane, we have an explicit change of variables relating the two generating functions, and we conjugate the "classical" Virasoro operators to obtain the operators (cid:2) L n .


Orofacial clefting (OFC) is the most common craniofacial anomaly, seen in every 1 in 500 to 2500 births worldwide. It has been identified that 60 to 70% of OFC are non-syndromic (NS) and are not associated with any single genetic marker. However, high recurrence rates of NSOFC have been identified in families. The recurrence risk is predicted on rather empirical data owing to poor gene mapping and poor correlation between genotype and phenotype of this anomaly. Considering the fact that OFC presents with significant etiologic heterogeneity and phenotypic diversity, subclinical manifestations need to be identified to complete the OFC phenotypic spectrum. This will improve correlation between genotype and phenotype and thus improve recurrence risk estimation. A large body of evidence suggests that subtle changes in craniofacial morphology may be a subclinical marker for cleft susceptibility. A vast majority of this evidence is based on cephalometric data with far fewer studies examining soft tissue features of the face. The purpose of the present study is to compare craniofacial characteristics of unaffected biological parents of NS OFC offspring with controls derived from the same population using direct anthropometry.
The study sample consisted of 67 male and 76 female unaffected parents of both NS Cleft lip and Cleft lip/palate children. Control sample comprised of 37 normal males and 59 normal females of the same race and ethnicity. Craniofacial measurements of both study and control
population were collected using direct anthropometry as was described by Farkas (1994) and Kolar & Salter (1997) and were subjected to stepwise discriminant functional analysis (DFA). DFA is similar to logistic regression; used to classify population into groups based on covariate variables. In this study discriminant models with high statistical significance (P‹0.001) were derived in males and females that could clearly distinguish unaffected parents from controls based on direct anthropometrically measured craniofacial characteristics. The study showed that salient discriminating features are localized to specific regions of the face in a partly gender-specific manner. The study showed that a model derived using a small subset of direct anthropometrically measured craniofacial features can be used to discriminate unaffected parents from the controls.


The Academic Word List (AWL) consists of 570 word families that occur reasonably frequently over a wide range of academic texts. The list was developed and evaluated by Averil Coxhead for her MA thesis (Coxhead, 2000). The AWL word families were selected according to range and frequency. For range, the word families had to occur across disciplines (e.g., the arts, commerce, law and science). For frequency, AWL word families had to occur over 100 times in the 3,500,000-word Academic Corpus. Additional information about the AWL word selection can be found at www.victoria.ac.nz/lals/resources/academicwordlist/principles.aspx.


This invention provides a fractional extraction method of aloe polysaccharides, it adds 8-10 times of 95% alcohol into concentrated aloe product, standing and precipitating after mixing, then filtering, reclaiming alcohol, collecting aloes crude polysaccharide, after adding water and mixing to dissolve, gradually passing the ultrafiltration membrane whose molecular cut off is 200000-4000, then passing nano-filter membrane to concentrate, getting aloes polysaccharides of different molecular weight.


As power lines are built in contaminated environments, the industrial usage of power-line materials requires high reliability. Nonceramic insulators offer better anticontamination performance than that of the traditional ceramic insulators. Among the nonceramic materials, EPDM and silicone rubber provide much better long-term pollution resistance performance than that of any other materials. This study investigated the long-term pollution performance by a corona aging treatment on the surface of the test slabs, which were made of EPDM and silicone rubber. Experimental results showed good hydrophobicity of those materials and their transfer of the contaminant layer deposited on the shed surface of the insulator. The EPDM and silicone rubbers are synthetic polymers of low density and they maintain an outstanding resistance to attack by oxygen and ozone. This study measured the contact angle between water droplets and other materials to determine the hydrophobicity and recovery ability of these synthetic polymers. We also studied surface morphology for a visual confirmation of the migration phenomena. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 2251–2257, 2001


Epithelial‐mesenchymal‐transition (EMT) has been previously identified as a contributor to prostate cancer progression to metastasis and therapeutic resistance to antiandrogens and radiotherapy. In this study we conducted a retrospective analysis to investigate the significance of radiation‐induced EMT and consequential changes to the tumor microenvironment in biochemical recurrence and response to radiotherapy in prostate cancer patients.


In this issue: The Role of Institutions and Efficiency in Ukraine. Democracy Promotion in Ukraine: the Role of the EU. The Ukrainian Labor Market in Transition. Donetsk: A Powerful Business Empire. Economic Reforms and Productivity-Enhancing Reallocation in Ukraine and Russia. Productivity and Efficiency in Ukraine. Doing Business-2006 in Ukraine. Ukraine's Accession to WTO. Investment Climate in Ukraine in the First Half of 2005: Reasons for Concern. The Rise and Decline of Economic Populism after the Orange Revolution. Formation of Social Capital in Central and Eastern Europe. Believe but Verify? Russian Views and the Market. Too Much of a Good Thing? Credit Booms in Bulgaria, Romania, and Ukraine.


Mr. Liu Zongxu is of noble character and high prestige. He cares and helps his students and colleagues sincerely. He is full of humour and has positive attitude towards life, which all shows his moral integrity.


The sea by its very nature is international and has remained an object of intense competition and scramble among maritime nations at different epochs in history. The Third United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOSIII), in 1982 is not only a comprehensive legal instrument that embodies one of the latest codifications and progressive development of international law, but is also a legal base for the Ocean policies of nationstates. This study examines the implications of the law of the sea for African Territorial Waters and High Seas; the aim of the study is to examine why there is no comprehensive marine policy in Nigeria. Secondly, the study aims to ascertain why current policy strategies, including the national shipping policy, have failed to adequately protect Nigeria's marine policy interest. The study adopted the Rational Comprehensive Model (RCM) as a theoretical framework. Data were collected and analysed using the qualitative descriptive method. Specifically, data were generated from secondary sources such as books, journals, internet publications etc. The study reveals among other things that: (i) There is institutional inadequacy as Nigeria does not have a central authority that oversees ocean affairs; (ii) There still exists a legislative vacuum as far as maritime laws are concerned; while some existing maritime legislations are outdated and in conflict with current international practices, there are areas in which laws have not yet been enacted. The study therefore recommends that the Federal Government of Nigeria should create a Ministry of Ocean Affairs, and make a clear statement or declaration on the implementation of an integrated ocean policy in the country; secondly, the Federal Government should establish an inter-ministerial, agency, board or council under the new Minister of Ocean Affairs, to take charge as the a lead marine affairs agency (preferably an enhanced Nigeria Maritime Agency),this body should be responsible for bringing together governmental and non-governmental organizations involved in ocean affaires and to provide necessary leadership and the opportunity for policy prioritization in ocean matters.


LSA circuits built entirely from simple coaxial transmission line elements perform well at 4-16 GHz. The lumped-inductive, variable-loaded cavities are fully and precisely characterized. Optimized power, efficiency, frequency variation with bias conditions agree well with relaxation oscillator models, allowing engineered circuits to be designed for any operating regime.


In tornado-prone Alabama, outdoor emergency sirens are used as a major component of the Emergency Alert and Notification System. However there have been no studies to date of the effectiveness of these sirens in Calhoun County. In April 2011 a major tornado swept through this area of northeast Alabama, leaving in its wake over 300 fatalities and massive destruction. This preliminary study examines public perceptions and reactions to the sirens for notification of tornadoes. Faculty and students of a mid-sized university in Calhoun County, Alabama were surveyed before and after the devastating 2011 tornado. Although the respondents find the sirens helpful, they have difficulty understanding the tones and spoken messages emitted by the sirens. Concerns about tornadoes did increase slightly after the 2011 tornado. Those who did experience an increase in concern were likely to change their behavior in preparations and response to tornadoes.


Discrete methods of orientation distribution (ODF) analysis are applied to quartz and calcite rocks with trigonol crystal and triclinic sample symmetry. ODF's are calculated from pole figures measured by neutron diffraction. A particular complication for quartz is the presence of overlapping peaks which can be separated with the WIMV or ADC algorithms based on diffraction intensity differences. Both methods provide similar solutions. Characteristic differences are discussed. By comparing ODF's obtained from different data subsets (changing number and extent of pole figures) it is concluded that quantity and quality of data, as well as the texture type, have a crucial influence on resolution. It is demonstrated that discrete methods provide the possibility to obtain quantitative texture information from minimal experimental data.


This paper suggests the hybridized calculation method of 2D periodic Green's functions(VM2DPG) and the discrete complex image method (DCIM) to take the profits of the VM2DPG for a periodic structure and DCIM for a layered media problem. With the method of moment(MoM), this hybrid method efficiently solves an integral equation, saving the overall computation time by over 50%. Scattering problems of PEC and resistive strips are dealt with for its validation.


Organizations are continually facing challenges that provoke them to rethink and adjust their structures, goals, processes and technologies. Many have adopted Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system to facilitate allied shifts and become more flexible in order to operate better in such dynamic business environment. Lot of criticisms also lodged against ERP such as a successful ERP project is usually costly and takes a long time to implement. A reduction in implementation failure is possible, if ERP implementations are done according to the recommendations derived from scientific research. There is a gap between the scientific and the practical world. The main goal of this study is to give insight into this gap of knowledge about ERP in terms of System Quality in organizations which are located in India and the rest of the world.


In previous works, it has been reported that three viruses affecting some economic vegetable crops and causing severe losses in yield.These viruses, were cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), hibiscus chlortic ringspot virus (HCRSV) and potato virus Y (PVY) .The effect of aquaeous extracts of some medicinal plants on diseases caused by these viral was reported in previous paper ( Saleh et al . , 2019 ) . This paper delt with the effect of some antioxidants in cotrolling these virus diseases. The antioxdants are ascorbic, benzoic, citric, and salycylic acids at different concentration (50, 100, and 200 ppm). Application , of some antioxidants either as soaking host seeds or spraying before inoculation have marked inhibitory effect and reduced disease infection and alleviated symmptoms particularly at older ages.


In this chapter, we discuss the synthesis of anisotropic Au core-Ag shell nanoparticles using ascorbic acid as a reducing agent under alkaline conditions. The silver ions bind to the surface of negatively charged gold nanotriangles through electrostatic interaction. Ascorbic acid has different reduction ability towards silver ions under varying pH conditions. The bound silver ions on the surface of nanotriangles are reduced by ascorbic acid under alkaline conditions and show a gradual blue shift in the surface plasmon resonance band in the UV-vis-NIR spectra. The thickness of the silver shell around gold nanotriangle is ca. 5 nm that is validated by the AFM and TEM measurements. Biological synthesis of spherical gold-titania core-shell nanoparticles is also described in the chapter. A hydrolyzing enzyme is isolated and purified from the plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium Oxysporum. It is cationic in nature and has two protein components of 21 and 24 KDa molecular weight. The hydrolyzing enzyme is capped on the surface of aspartic acid modified gold nanoparticles and after challenging with K2TiF6 solution, leads to the formation of spherical gold-titania core-shell nanoparticles. The synthesized titania shells on the surface of gold nanoparticles show brookite and rutile polymorphs of titania.


Summary: This study has been carried out to detect Theileria infection in sheep and goats in different geographical regions of Turkey such as Central Anatolia, Eastern Anatolia and Southern Anatolia. Many visits were made to these locations in different periods and a total of 687 sheep and 89 goats, suspected to have Theileria infection, were examined. The prevalance of infection with T. ovis was 64.19 % in sheep and 12.36 % in goats. Microscopical examination showed that the percentage of parasite carriers was 37.55 % in sheep and 5.62 % in goats. Its seroprevalance was 60.26 % in sheep and 8.99 % in goats by IFAT. Theileria lestoquardi, which is very pathogenic for sheep and goats, is not present in Turkey. A total of 709 ticks were collected from sheep and goats.


reproduction of a new sense of (hyphenated) ethnieity and ethnic identity. The book is well written, even where the discussionis most condensed. Gabaccia's useof excerptsfrom specificwomen'snarratives sometimes jarsthe flowof her arguments, but generally this strategy succeeds in humanizing the migration process. A helpful selectedbibliography on women immigrants by their regionof origin roundsout this outstanding contribution to migration and gender studies.


All-inorganic perovskite solar cells advancing in phase and thermal stability are regarded as promising candidates for high-performance optoelectronic application. Herein, a photo-assisted deposited titanium dioxide was designed and utilized as the electron-transporting layer. Photo-assisted deposited titanium dioxide demonstrated a low interfacial recombination rate and high carrier extraction efficiency. Consequently, CsPbI2Br-based all inorganic perovskite solar cells exhibit power conversion efficiencies of up to a value of 13.69%. This photo-assisted deposition method is a promising approach for scalable, convenient, and inexpensive fabrication in the future.


Diagnosis of large discrete event systems leads to combinatorial explosion. We propose to solve this issue by ignoring some connections on the system and using a junction treebased approach. Removing connections reduces both the cost and the accuracy of the diagnosis. Therefore, we perform an off-line analysis to determine which connections can be safely ignored.


Soil is an environmental component permanently changing due to the often cyclic processes of litter supply and vegetation cover. To investigate the influence of vegetation type on soil carbon fractions, six vegetation types, including rainfed wheat (RW), grasses (G), Astragallus–Bromus (A-B), Astragallus–lactuca (A-L), Astragallus–Artemisi (A-A), Astragallus–Euphorbia (A-E) were studied in similar environmental conditions in terms of parent material and slope aspect in Gonbad watershed, Hamadan. Total organic carbon (TOC), active carbon (AC), soil carbohydrates (Ch) and basal respiration (BR) were measured in surface soils (0-15 cm) in fall and spring. TOC, CH, and BR were significantly greater in A-B and A-A than other covers. A-B and A-A showed higher vegetation cover and litter compared to other types. TOC and Ch in RW and G were significantly lower than other types. The highest (711.7 mg/kg) and lowest (262.6 mg/kg) AC were observed in A-B and RW, respectively. RW had lowest values of selected soil quality indicators due to tillage and cultivation. The content of TOC and AC were significantly higher in spring than autumn. Amount of BR and Ch showed no significant difference in the two seasons. Significant positive correlations were observed between soil quality indicators, these correlations were stronger in spring than in autumn. In autumn, the highest correlations were observed between AC and Ch (0.701), as well as AC and BR (0.441). In spring, significant correlations were observed between all soil quality indicators at 1% level. It was concluded that AC and Ch are the most sensitive soil quality indicators that reflect land use and vegetation type differences.


Lameness is an economically important problem in dairy cattle worldwide. Economic losses resulting from lameness arise not only from the cost to treat clinical cases but also from decreased milk production, decreased reproductive efficiency and premature culling. New York researchers estimate the total cost of lameness per 100 cows per year to be nearly $9000. The average incidence was 30 cases per 100 cows per year with a case fatality rate of 2 percent, involuntary culling rate of 20 percent, and increase in average days open of 29 days. The National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) Dairy 96 study revealed that 15 percent of the reason that dairy cows were culled for slaughter was due to lameness or injury.


Short texts have become a kind of prevalent source of information, and discovering topical information from short text collections is valuable for many applications. Due to the length limitation, conventional topic models based on document-level word co-occurrence information often fail to distill semantically coherent topics from short text collections. On the other hand, word embeddings as a powerful tool have been successfully applied in natural language processing. Word embeddings trained on large corpus are encoded with general semantic and syntactic information of words, and hence they can be leveraged to guide topic modeling for short text collections as supplementary information for sparse co-occurrence patterns. However, word embeddings are trained on large external corpus and the encoded information is not necessarily suitable for training data set of topic models, which is ignored by most existing models. In this article, we propose a novel global and local word embedding-based topic model (GLTM) for short texts. In the GLTM, we train global word embeddings from large external corpus and employ the continuous skip-gram model with negative sampling (SGNS) to obtain local word embeddings. Utilizing both the global and local word embeddings, the GLTM can distill semantic relatedness information between words which can be further leveraged by Gibbs sampler in the inference process to strengthen semantic coherence of topics. Compared with five state-of-the-art short text topic models on four real-world short text collections, the proposed GLTM exhibits the superiority in most cases.


Adult rabbits were trapped in the spring on an area of grass and broom in the east of Scotland. They were ear-tagged and a sample of males and females were fitted with radio-collars. These were followed for two months to see whether they used burrows or ground cover for shelter during the day. Rabbits found on the surface were disturbed to see whether they bolted to burrows or stayed on the surface. The population was then re trapped to measure the population density, which was estimated to be 12.6 adults/ha in March, allowing for an apparent trapping bias against older females. One hundred and twelve burrow entrances/ha were counted from random quadrats. Males were more likely to be found on the surface than females, and rabbits that were more often on the surface were less likely to bolt to burrows when disturbed. Even when rabbits did bolt to burrows they frequently left them shortly afterwards and returned to the cover of the broom. Males that were most often found on the surface were lighter in weight than those found in burrows. This was not the case for females.


Objective: To provide theoretical basis for the intervention of social anxiety in medical students by analyzing the relationship between social anxiety and emotional intelligence. Methods: The Social Avoidance and Distress Scale( SAD) and Emotions Intelligence Scale( EIS) were employed to survey the medical students in Anhui Province by random sampling,and 948 of the 1 040 questionnaires were valid. Results: Emotional intelligence had significant predictive effects on social anxiety( P 0. 01). emotional perception and management of emotions in others had significant negative prediction on social anxiety( P 0. 01),and use of emotion had a significant positive prediction on social anxiety( P 0. 01). Conclusions: The medical students with lower level of emotional intelligence have a higher level of social anxiety. Emotional intelligence is closely related to the social anxiety in the medical students,so improving the emotional intelligence may help to reduce the level of social anxiety.


Irradiation of the Keggin-type [PW11O39{Ru(NO)}]4− (Ru-NO) polyoxometalate in CH3CN results in rapid NO ligand elimination with the formation of [PW11O39{RuIII(CH3CN)}]4− (Ru-CH3CN). This complex offers an easy entry into the Ru-based chemistry of the {PW11Ru} complex. Attempts to substitute N3− for CH3CN in the presence of an NaN3 excess lead a variety of products: (i) [PW11O39{RuIII(N3)}]4− (Ru-N3); (ii) [PW11O39{RuIII(N4HC-CH3)}]4− (Ru-Tz) as a click-reaction product; and (iii) [PW11O39{RuII(N2)}]5− (Ru-N2). UV-VIS, CV, and HR-ESI-MS techniques were used for the reaction monitoring and characterization of the products.


Te capping layer on topological insulator (TI) surface provides an efficient way for the protection of surface from oxidation. However, when using Te to protect the surface of (Bi1−xSbx)2Te3 ternary topological insulators, it is still unclear for the influence of Te on the surface chemical composition and the surface state bands after the procedure of capping and desorption of Te. Here, we have performed a systematic study of the surface morphology, crystallinity, chemical composition as well as the band structure of (Bi1−xSbx)2Te3 after the desorption of the Te capping layer. Our results confirm a good recovery of the surface state bands of the (Bi1−xSbx)2Te3 ternary topological insulators with different Bi and Sb compositions. The chemical composition of (Bi1−xSbx)2Te3 remains almost unchanged after the desorption of Te. This study proves that the Te capping layer works as a suitable protection for ternary (Bi1−xSbx)2Te3 TI layers, allowing for ex situ transfer of TI samples in air. This opens the way for the development of metal/TI hybrid structures for advanced spintronic applications.


Evelyn Axon and Muriel, her half-witted daughter, are a problem. Barricaded into their house filled with festering rubbish, unhealthy smells and their secrets, they baffle Isabel Field, the latest in a long line of social workers.


The aim of this work was the investigation of corrosion protection of zinc substrates by compact and porous silica sol-gel coatings of different thicknesses. Coatings were deposited on zinc and, for comparison, on glass substrates by dip-coating. For preparing mesoporous layers, cationic or non-ionic surfactant templates were applied. Thickness and porosity of layers on glass were determined by analyzing the transmittance spectra in terms of thin layer optical models. Surface morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy and it was found that silica coatings could not flatten out completely the surface of zinc. Corrosion tests were carried out in 0.2 g/L aqueous solution (pH=5) of Na 2 SO 4 . The electrochemical data (open-circuit potential, polarization resistance, corrosion potentials and the corrosion current densities) showed that all the coatings provided corrosion protection and it was found that two-layered coatings are more efficient that single ones. Interestingly, the porous coatings provided better protection than compact ones.


curriculum of the early grades 1 in two countries: England and South Africa. Two levels of analysis are conducted. The first examines the content structure of each curriculum; and the second compares and contrasts the detailed 'learning objectives' in England to the 'assessment standards' in South Africa. The comparison reveals that a curriculum may include algebra by name, but may not deal with it in much substance (as in South Africa) and, a curriculum may include algebra in some substance, while not mentioning it by name (as in England).


Protein clearing pathways represent a powerful physiological mechanism to control homeostasis within eukaryotic cells, while their dysfunction is a key factor in the molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal degeneration. These clearing pathways remove misfolded proteins and altered organelles. Two main pathways named autophagy pathway and ubiquitin proteasome are considered to be prominent in eukaryotic cells. These pathways are commonly viewed as distinct biochemical cascades occurring within specific cytosolic compartments where pathway-specific enzymatic activity is believed to take place. The classic view considers these clearing pathways as distinct depending on various items: different compartmentalization, different substrates, different enzymatic activities and different roles in cell homeostasis. We just described the morphological convergency of autophagy (ATG) and ubiquitin proteasome (UP) pathway to form a novel organelle named autophagoproteasome [1]. This is shown by confocal microscopy and immune-electron microscopy. Both ATG [2] and UP [3, 4] are recruited robustly during methamphetamine exposure playing a pivotal role in methamphetamine toxicity. Methamphetamine dramatically alters autophagoproteasomes which play a critical role in counteracting methamphetamine toxicity. Despite being segregated within a single organelle ATG and UP components undergo a slight different pharmacological regulation. Both pathways are up-regulated along with autophagoproteasome following methamphetamine administration, but UP prevails for low doses while ATG takes over for higher doses of methamphetamine, which demonstrates a common, dopamine-dependent regulation with slight differences for these clearing pathways within a single organelle. ATG and UP component appear to be molecularly bound within autophagoproteasome depending on specific pharmacological stimulation as shown by western blotting of immunoprecipitates. The structure and function of the autophagoproteasome critically relies on mTOR activity for all its components. The fine tuning of mTOR activity is likely to impact significantly methamphetamine toxicity as well as dopamine-dependent pathological conditions.


John Milton's Poetical Works published by Jacob Tonson II in 1720 is an important edition, not the least because Richard Bentley, "the greatest ever English classical scholar,"1 adopted it as the working copy for his "notorious"2 1732 edition of Paradise Lost. This lavish pair of large quarto volumes (with main sections of 590 and 527 pages respectively) included many engraved tailpieces, which placed special demands on the compositors. By analyzing material traces seldom examined—such as lines of text per page—we can infer with reasonable certainty how they operated. Along the way we may provide a rationale for some of the catchword errors3 by connecting these inconsistencies with the printing and publishing of the book, especially illustration. The Tonsons were well known for publishing deluxe books. William Thomas Lowndes, an eminent bibliographer of the early nineteenth century, defi ned Caesar's Commentaries brought out by Jacob Tonson I in 1712 as "the most sumptuous classical work which England has produced."4 The 1720 Milton is typically adorned with rich illustrations. Engraved vignettes open and conclude each of the books of Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained and the tragedy Samson Agonistes, fi nely framing the grand poems in pictorial art. Additionally, the fi rst item in Poems, Lycidas, has a special headpiece. These thirty-fi ve vignettes, plus eighteen historiated initials, help produce what Marcia R. Pointon calls "a splendid and expensive edition rather in the manner of the Venetian illustrated book of the


Brandt's vole(Lasiopodomys brandtii),a small rodent is unique in Mongolian Plateau.The habitat characteristics of Brandt's vole were discussed based on a field survey in both China and Mongolia during 2008-2010.The vole density was recorded from 316 selected sites(1 m×1 m quadrates).Then 5~10 sites were randomly selected and vole densities,vegetation coverage,degradation level,vegetation height,closure index,withered grass coverage,elevation and vegetation types were surveyed.Results of correlation analyses and factor analyses showed that Brandt's vole density had significant correlation with vegetation coverage,withered grass coverage,degradation level and closure index.The quantities of Artemisia frigida,Leymus chinensis and Allium polyrhizum,withered grass coverage,vegetation coverage,degradation level and closure index significantly affected voles to select their habitats.Brandt's voles prefer to locate with Artemisia frigida,Leymus chinensis and Allium polyrhizum,high degradation levels,lower vegetation heights and lower withered grass coverage.


In this paper,a new non-formaldehyde permanent flame-retardant agent named FR-21 used on cotton fabrics is designed and synthesized.We also study chemical structure and physical performance of FR-21 and find the best craft by analysis method.Content of flame-retardant agent was 450 g/l,content' of cross-linking agent was100g g/l,content of catalyst was 30g/l,and curing temperature was150℃,time was 3min


BACKGROUND
In glaucomatous optic disc morphology follow-up, changes due to loss of nerve fibres should be distinguished from changes without loss of nerve fibres.

PATIENT AND METHOD
The intraocular pressure-dependent neuroretinal rim change in a 25-year-old white woman's optic nerve head, suffering from unilateral congenital glaucoma, had been documented papillometrically and by means of Laser Scanning Tomography. For papillometry, the optic disc outlines obtained from 15-degree stereo slides were evaluated planimetrically. To compute the volume of the optic disc excavation, 32 axially staggered optical sections were registered with a laser scanning retina tomograph (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg) and computed three-dimensionally.

RESULTS
At an intraocular pressure level of 9 mm Hg a diminution of the planimetrical cup to disc ratio of about 20% and a reduction of the tomographically obtained excavation volume of about 55% was seen in comparison to 44 mm Hg one day before.--After 6-month follow-up, these parameters returned to their initial readings.

CONCLUSION
This phenomenon was attributed to an acute post-barotraumatic tissue edema.--To our mind, this single observation illustrates an acute change in optic disc morphology documented and quantified by laser scanning tomography.


A new method of calibration of the Australian Water Balance Model (AWBM) daily rainfall-runoff model allows for errors in the estimation of areal rainfall over the catchment. The result of applying the method to a group of gauged catchments is the production of a single set of parameter values for the AWBM that can be used with any catchment in the group or used to estimate runoff on ungauged catchments in the same locality. The method is demonstrated on 121 catchments, comprising groups in five States of Australia from the tropics to temperate zones and over a wide range of catchment sizes and runoff characteristics. With adjustments to input rainfall of less than 20%, the average annual runoff from any catchment in a group can be reproduced by a single set of parameter values to any required degree of precision. The ability of a single set of parameter values to estimate average annual runoff from a group of catchments with only small adjustments of input rainfall raises doubts about the ability to dete...


A precise point positioning(PPP)algorithm based on original dual-frequency GPS code and phase observations is presented.Instead of forming the ionosphere-free code and phase observations as usually done for standard PPP algorithm,by taking the dispersive property of ionosphere into account,the first-order ionospheric delay effects of L1 frequency along satellite-receiver line-of-sight(LOS)are incorporated into the state vector which is estimated by extended Kalman filter(EKF)technique.This alternative algorithm could avoid the adverse effect of amplified multipath and measurement errors existing in the ionosphere-free observations,In the meantime,several constraints can be introduced to the LOS ionospheric delay parameters during the filtering process,to improve the convergence of the filter to more reliable and precise solutions.The LOS ionospheric delays could be obtained simultaneously with other unknown parameters,which would facilitate the research on ionosphere at a single site.Besides,the recursive DIA-procedure is adopted as quality control strategy to guarantee the reliability of the estimators from the proposed PPP implementations.The performance of proposed algorithm is evaluated for different positioning applications:static,low-dynamic and high-dynamic test,and a positioning accuracy of about 1~2 cm and 7~8 cm can be achieved respectively for static and kinematic positioning.The convergence behavior and repeatability of filtered solutions can be well improved by comparing the positioning performance of proposed and standard PPP implementations for low-dynamic test.


E-commerce in India is expected to see an auxiliary growth by 2020, making it the fastest growing e-commerce market in the world. E-commerce is also witnessing a spurt in online food & restaurant service companies. With a population of over 1.2 billion, India is undeniably one of the biggest consumer markets in the world today. The changing of Business strategies along with transaction processing, increase of internet access, use of smart phones in emerging markets has been the main driver for e-transaction growth in the field of Food Order Delivery (Shinde, 2014).
In the present study, attempt has been made to check the association between Customer and Food Business with respect to demographic variables like Income, Profession, Age etc. as well as analyzing consumer perceptions and preferences which influences them to assess various services through e-payment transaction (Fromm & Garton, 2013). Thereby the aim of the study is to identify the most important factor that influences their transaction preferences and the key drivers for e-payment penetration in the food industry.
For this study, the researchers have used the statistical tool ANOVA to check the association between the demographic variables of the Customers and Online Food Business. Few factors have been taken to examine the impact of e-transaction processing system in the field of Food Delivery industry like Swiggy. Again, Factor analysis is used to find out what are the exact factors that influences customers' mode of payment preferences.
100 samples were collected for this study through the survey and given a positive conclusion from the consumer view with reference to Kolkata, India. The conclusion will help the industry as well as new entrepreneur for their new marketing strategy and provide significant input to Decision Support System.


The following essay questions what has become a conventional argument throughout media studies, especially in Latin America: the idea that mass media, in general, and new telecommunication technologies, in particular, are gradually objectifying a global society. Undoubtedly, modern societies are increasingly interdependent, particularly at a technological and financial scale. Equally it is difficult to find a place on Earth that cannot be reached either by cable, satellite or internet. However, this does not mean that modern societies are effectively integrating into some kind of "global village", nor that regional or even small scale cultural identities are being irremediably lost. On the contrary, in the last two decades there has been a resurgence of national, regional, ethnic and religious identities that, while taking on the use of all these new technologies, accentuate their own particular discourse and World view.


A woman and her role were among the most debated issues during the mid 20thcentury. Tahar Ben Jelloun, one of the prominent figures of francophone literature and a realist writer, portrays the realities of the Moroccan society. He stands apart from other writers because of the way he portrays women in his works. His works portray the image of woman as a reflection of society. Tahar Ben Jelloun through his works constantly depicts women of the Arab-Muslim society because he feels that change in the Maghreb will come about only through the actions of women. Tahar Ben Jelloun gives voice to the victims of social injustice. He projects the status of women in a male dominated society. The women abide by the rules imposed on them by the males under whose protection they live. His sensitiveness to all forms of injustice and oppression can be seen in both these novels. In these novels, he calls for women's emancipation and his determination to present women's voices. In the novels 'The Sand Child' and 'The Sacred Night' he introduces the theme of women in Islamic society. The story is presented in the form of traditional oral tale, where the author tackles the problems of women in the Islamic society and exposes their lack of freedom. In these works, Tahar Ben Jelloun shows in his own way that gender is a social construction in an orthodox Arab Society. In 'The Sand Child', the novelist questions the notion of gender, and in the sequel he takes one step further into the problematic realm of gender and sexuality, drawing out the physical and mental violence that the characters face. Women have been the victims of men's dominance for ages and that is why Tahar Ben Jelloun depicts women as the symbol of Moroccan individual. ABSTRACT


Efficiency of the sugar production from sugar beets is close connected with quality of the raw material which uses for the processing. Quality of the raw material depends on complex impact of number of factors, like natural, climatic, agritechnical, and varietal. Currently, there are some negative factors, like decreasing of soil fertility, increasing of soil's infectious background, prevalence of the foreign hybrid sorts of sugar beets which are vulnerable for local pathogens. These factors cause the increase of the diseases of sugar beets' root system – fusarium decay and vascular bacteriosis. The explorations of sugar beets' crops for many years in different areas of Central-Chernozem region have revealed high damage for yield from these diseases. In some years the loss of yield was up to 50%. The determination of impact of bacterial infections on the processes of forming of the chemical composition of sugar beets' roots and the accumulation of sugar in sugar beets' roots is the very important task for science and production. The researches have been done in the laboratory of store and production raw materials, in the Laboratory of immunity, in the department of biotechnology of the FSTSO "All-Russian research institute for sugar beet and sugar named after A.L. Mazlumov", and in the department of technology of fermentation and sugar productions of the Voronezh state university of engineering technologies. Was revealed, that increasing the level of the disease of sugar beets by vascular bacteriosis causes the rise amount of dry substances from 26.04% (healthy roots) up to 32.75% (damage of roots is 5 scores). And the sugar content decreases from 18.77% up to 16.83%. Proportion of sucrose in dry substances also decreases from 72.08% (healthy roots) up to 51.39% (damage of roots is 5 scores), because part of sucrose is utilized by bacteria in affected roots. Content of reducing substances increases by a factor of 1.2–4.9. Also was revealed that the pathogens of vascular bacteriosis make negative impact for quality of beets' juice and cleaned juice, and them purity decreases by 0.7–7.5% and 0.4-7.6%. The researches for determination of peroxidase activity in sugar beets' roots, which have different levels of damage by vascular bacteriosis, allowed to reveal enhancing common and specific activity of ferment if disease increases. Was determined that pathogens of vascular bacteriosis make negative impact on the factor of sugar exit which decreases by 1.0–5.5%.


It is a distinct pleasure to present NASSP's Annual Report, the sixtieth in the series. What began modestly in basement facilities at the University of Chicago in 1916 has now developed into the world's largest, and we feel the most prestigious, educational administrator organization. These six decades of service to secondary education have been swept by the winds of change, mostly beneficial, and this anniversary year proved to be no exception. Selected highlights are presented against this historical backdrop.


Four chicken mortadella were prepared: C (control), M1, M2 and M3 by addition of 10%, 15%, and 20% of minced cowpea, respectively). The effect of adding minced cowpea on the physical, chemical, microbial, and sensory evaluation of mortadella had been studied. Results revealed that there were significant differences in fat, carbohydrates, and ash percentages in the mortadella. The fat percentage was gradually decreased from 15.13 % in the control group to 11.03 % in M3. Carbohydrate and ash were increased from 3.94, 2.53 % in the control group to 7.14, and 2.76 % in M3 respectively according to the increase of cowpea in the mortadella. Protein and moisture were increased with no significant difference in all mortadella examined. Water holding capacity was increased significantly by adding minced cowpea. Microbial load test revealed that there was an obvious decrease in total bacterial count and Escherichia coli with an increase of cowpea in the mortadella. For sensory evaluation there were significant differences in some characteristics between control and other groups, colour, flavour, and taste decreased according to the increase of cowpea in the mortadella formulations, the decrease was high in the M3 group and low in M1 and M2 groups with some similarity to the control group. The texture was improved by adding more minced cowpea to the   mortadella particularly in the M3 group. Accordingly, the effect of these quality properties was reflected in the degree of general acceptance of the mortadella formulations.


The problem of robust fault-tolerant control for a class of switched nonlinear systems with structural parameters uncertainty and unknown nonlinear disturbance is studied. The purpose is to design individual state feedback controller by means of common Lyapunov function to guarantee globally asymptotic stability under arbitrary switching. In the case of actuator failures, a pre-specified failure set of actuators is introduced and the closed-loop systems are shown to be globally asymptotically stable for all possible actuator failures. Finally an illustrative example is used to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach to design.


Objective . The study was focused on evaluation of peculiarities of the clinical manifestations of type II diabetes mellitus (TIIDM) in the Chornobyl nuclear power plant (ChNPP) accident clean+up workers (ACUW). Materials and methods . The ChNPP ACUW of 1986–1987 period (n = 449, males) and 158 males not exposed to ion+ izing radiation (the control group, CG) were involved in the study in 2013–2018. Diagnosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type II diabetes mellitus (TIIDM) was established in accordance with diagnostic standards adopted in Ukraine. All study subjects had no signs of CVD, and neither of endocrine disease nor of metabolic disorders before the accident. Results . Clinical course of the TIIDM, depending on the disease severity, onset of angiopathy and polyneuropathy, prevalence of angina pectoris and heart failure were surveyed and analyzed. Concomitant TIIDM was associated with a higher incidence of angina pectoris and heart failure. According to the Kaplan+Meier method of survival estimating the accumulation of new TIIDM cases occurred faster in the ACUW compared with individuals in the CG, however with no statistical significance in subjects aged up to 60 years old (log+rank test χ 2 = 4.89, p = 0.027). Mean age of the ACUW having comorbid CVD and DM was (54.6 ± 9.7) years, whilst in the CG it was (59.9 ± 10.7) years (p = 0.005). Conclusions . The DM course in the ACUW was not significantly different from non+irradiated control both in sever+ ity and such complications as angiopathy of retina and lower extremities, as well as manifestations of lower extrem+ ity polyneuropathy. Clinical manifestations of CVD in the form of angina pectoris and heart failure were identical in the ACUW and control group of patients having a comorbid TIIDM. The latter was a factor exacerbating the CVD course and leading to a higher prevalence of angina pectoris and heart failure both in the ACUW and in non+irritat+ ed individuals. Accumulation of the new DM cases occurred more rapidly in ACUW vs. non+irradiated control, so they were in average 5 years younger at the time of TIIDM manifestation than the control subjects.


A display device and a video optimization method for analyzing a plurality of properties of a supplied video signal, acquiring optimization data from an optimization information server when the optimization data corresponding to the analysis result is present in the optimization information server, correcting the video signal based on the optimization data, and driving a display according to the corrected video signal.


Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is an approved drug made from the urine of pregnant women. Some commercial preparations of the drug have anti-HIV properties, but these properties may be from impurities in the commercial product and not the HCG itself. The same anti-HIV substances have also been found in human milk and in some animal products. Dr. Robert Gallo of the Institute of Human Virology is working on a project to identify more antiviral substances in the urine of pregnant women, which could lead to new strategies for developing antiretroviral drugs.


The historical development of ship operator training programs is traced starting from the school ship training programs of the 1800s to the specialized education programs of today. The importance of keeping up with new technology and the role of continuing education are reviewed. Examples of training and education programs over the years are given. Suggestions for industry participation in education are made.


This study is the result of a bibliographical research about the characteristic civilizational crisis of postmodernity and the inadequacy of the epistemology forged by the dominant hegemonic system to deal with multidimensional problems such as environmental degradation, accentuation of inequalities, violence and the aggravation of poverty .Scientific knowledge, validated by modern science and called the only legitimate way of access to knowledge, relegates so-called "traditional knowledge" to marginality or, in more extreme cases, contributes to the extinction of these knowledge. In this study we highlight the urgency of constructing a new rationality that promotes understanding and respect for differences and solidarity between knowledge, the relevance of the hybridization of knowledge from the dialectical relationship between plural knowledge in the transition from capitalist rationality to environmental rationality and environmental knowledge and transdisciplinarity as pillars of mediating 1 Mestre em Ciências Ambientais pela Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, Brasil. 2 Professora do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais (PPGCA) da Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, Brasil. Revista Ibero-Americana de Humanidades, Ciências e Educação Produção e democratização do conhecimento na Ibero-América 70 Revista Ibero-Americana de Humanidades, Ciências e Educação. Criciúma, v. 6.n.4, 2020. ISSN 2446-547X pedagogy of environmental rationality.


The aim of this study is to examine whether social media marketing can affect relationship quality from customers perspective. In a review of the literature, it is clear that to date the conceptual foundations of social media marketing and its affect on relationship quality has not yet been fully developed. In response, this study will try to provide a deeper academic understanding by extending the knowledge of both social media and relationship quality theory and practice. Thus, the proposed model contributes to existing literature by empirically investigating the association between its derived components — social media use, trust, satisfaction, commitment and relationship quality— applied to the Zain customers in Jordan. Importantly, this also provides managers in services dealing with young generation, relevant information and recommendations to assist in improving their social-media marketing programs. Data was collected by self administered questionnaire from random samples drawn from the population of Zain customers using Facebook. The constructs were developed by using measurement scales adopted from prior studies. The instrument in this study was evaluated for reliability and validity. Data were analyzed using SPSS. The results in this study indicate that social media have influence on customer's relationship quality. The main recommendations of the study is maintaining the relationship with the customers permanently by enhancing three factors: trust, satisfaction and commitment, this study has several limitations and also indicates directions for further research. Keywords: Relationship Quality Social Media, Facebook, Jordan


This study aims to analyze the influence of Bank Indonesia Sharia Certificat and Deposit in Bank Indonesia to Inflation in Indonesia during 2012-2016. It uses monthly time series data which are analyzed by using Vector Error Correction Model method. Two variables that consist of Bank Indonesia Sharia Certificat and Deposit in Bank Indonesia are thought to have influence on inflation..
The results shows that the influence of Bank Indonesia Sharia Certificat on inflation is possitive, which mean is, when Bank Indonesia Sharia Certificat increase, it is also will increase the inflation rate in Indonesia. While, the influence of Deposit in Bank Indonesia is negatve, which mean is, when Deposit in Bank Indonesia is increase, it will give a possitive contribution to decrease the inflation rate in Indonesia. From the perspective in this finding, it is arguing for the stakeholder of islamic finance, especially the monetr authority, have to acclerate Depositor Funds of islamic banking. Key Words : Bank Indonesia Sharia Certificat, Deposit in Bank Indonesia, inflation, VECM.


Inter-comparisons of infrared spectral radiances measured from independent, spatially- and temporarily-coincident airborne and spaceborne measurement systems during the European AQUA Thermodynamic Experiment (EAQUATE) and other recent NAST field campaigns will be presented.


The fifth part, which consists of three chapters (15, 16 y 17), presents an introduction to the theory of economic growth. The fifteenth chapter presents a brief history of economic growth theory. Then, it analyzes the factors that determine the long-term behavior of aggregate and per capita output, and the main concepts of the theory of economic growth. The sixteenth chapter analyzes the Keynesian Harrod-Domar growth model and the neoclassical Solow growth model. These models were developed between the late thirties and the second half of the twentieth century. Both models assume the existence of dynamic long run equilibrium between savings and investment. The seventeenth chapter is an introduction to the theory of endogenous growth. In neoclassical growth models the growth of per capita output is explained by exogenous technological progress. The endogenous growth theory replaces the fundamental assumptions of the neoclassical growth theory to reach different conclusions and policy proposals.


The present study discusses Muslim religious scholars' attitudes in the sub-continent when it was under British rulers' influence. The study focuses on the causes of religious scholars' indifference and their hostile attitudes towards the English language in the pre-partition era. The data has been collected from various fatawa books written by Muslim religious scholars during the pre-partition period. Researchers analyse the fatawas (religious decrees) under the paradigm of Islam and English language and attitudes of religious scholars in the prepartition era. The fatawas has been examined through a content analysis of the text. The study's findings reveal that Muslim religious scholars were against English language learning and teaching to such an extent that they issued Fatawas declaring that learning and teaching English was illegitimate (Najaiz) because they believed that Christian missionaries were against Muslims and Islam. The findings further suggest that future English language curriculum planning should consider society's cultural and religious requirements so that everyone in the community can learn English according to their needs. The study also highlights cultural harmony from the perspective of English language learning.


Objective: the aim of this study was to reflect, from the perspective of teachers of health courses, on the strategies adopted to maintain their activities during the new Coronavirus pandemic.Methods: this is a descriptive, experience report.Results: such reflections addressed the advances and challenges related to teacher development, adaptations in theoretical, theoretical-practical classes and in supervised mandatory internships and student assessment in remote emergency teaching.Conclusion: the transition from face-to-face to remote education required adaptations and flexibility, and these changes transformed the scenario of the teaching and learning process, pointing out that technology can be further explored, with permanent perspectives.


Generic delimitation in the Th elypteridaceae has been rather variable with the number of included genera ranging from the twenty-fi ve recognised by Holttum (1971, 1982) to just three recognised by Iwatsuki (1964). In more recent systems fi ve genera have been recognised (Smith 1990, Smith et al. 2006, 2008, Christenhusz et al. 2011). Many of the species in the family have nomenclatural combinations in a number of diff erent genera, including a combination in


We read with interest Eugene Rosenberg's letter on the terms holobiont and hologenome (March 2013, p. 101). We agree with his argument that the term hologenome is superior to metagenome when describing the total genetic material of a metazoan (or plant) and all of its associated symbiotic microorganisms, as these organisms are functioning as single unit, which we termed the symbiome. In this lexicon the hologenome is distinct from the metagenome which is used to describe an environmental sample of multiple species types that are not all functioning as part of a whole. We would point out that our use of the term hologenome (G. D. Ehrlich, N. L. Hiller, and F. Hu, Genome Biol. 9:225, 2008) actually slightly preceded that of the Rosenbergs in the literature, although the concept was clearly arrived at independently by our two groups.


Robust, objective, and repeatable approaches that define flow thresholds for fish passage across critical natural barriers such as riffles, rapids, and waterfalls are required for determining environmental flow strategies. These approaches also provide an opportunity to garner community sector backing for environmental flow releases from dams in support of tangible environmental beneficiaries—native fish. This paper outlines the results of a two‐dimensional hydraulic modelling approach to fish passage assessment for Australian bass (Percalates novemaculeata) that was used to inform the development of an environmental flow regime downstream of Warrragamba Dam, NSW, Australia. Flow rates of ≥500 MLd−1 were found to facilitate depth‐limited upstream passage through a 20‐km river reach that contained 19 natural passage barriers to adult Australian bass up to 400–450 mm in length. Ideal passage conditions were determined at flow rates of ≥1,000 MLd−1. Juvenile bass passage was found to be inhibited by high velocities at flow rates >250 MLd−1, with flows of 100–250 MLd−1 providing ideal conditions for juvenile passage. Fish length, body depth, and caudal fin depth data, as used in this study for Australian bass, provided more precise fish passage depth thresholds. Precision in fish passage assessments is important as each centimetre of additional flow depth influences cost–benefit analyses of environmental flow releases versus consumptive water uses. Although hydraulic modelling and field‐based approaches to fish passage assessment are well established, there is currently a lack of published data on native Australian freshwater fish length, body depth, and caudal fin depth data for use in fish passage assessments and for inclusion in "fish‐friendly" government policy initiatives.


This paper introduces the development of urban interchanges in China, and analyzes the problems of different categories of interchanges when put into use. On the basis of that, the paper puts forward the principles of location setting, type selection and scenario designing of interchanges.


additional funding, including equity or long-term investments based on Islamic
principles (sukuk). The rapid growth of sukuk is due to the uniqueness and
differences with conventional bonds thanks to which it has its own advantages,
including the higher possibility of acquisition for yields than conventional bonds.
Information from the events of sukuk issuance, have an impact on stock returns.
This study aims to analyze further the influence of sukuk issuance value and its
rating to the return-stock that occurre on companies issuing sukuk and listed in
Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI).
The population used in this study is the companies issuing the listing Islamic
bonds (sukuk) on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2009-2015. There are 41
companies that have issued securities and issued the stock. Those fitting the
requirements to be the sample of the study are 10 companies with 36 sukuk.
The results of this study is the value of sukuk gives positive effect on stock
returns, showing that the value of sukuk contains sufficient information to the
decision taken by the investor. Variables rating sukuk issuance gives positive
effect on stock returns, showing that the rating sukuk able to influence investors in
making investment decisions as it did also on variable sukuk issuance. Due to the
Indonesian capital market now that have started influenced the activity of sukuk
issuance by the company.


Antitumor activity of LA has been harnessed for effective treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) for last 30years. Clinically useful LA has been available from Escherichia coli and Erwinia chrysenthemi.1,5 Treatment of patients with LA of bacterial origin has been facing certain issues like development of allergic reactions and immunogenic complications. Besides, quick clearance from plasma and requirement for multiple administrations make the treatment very costly. These limitations call for searching for newer sources of LA.


Volunteer nurses are the frontline in performing COVID-19 treatment. They have a higher risk of exposure because they often interact with patients suspected or positive of COVID-19. The psychological condition is a mental condition that can influence the daily life of an individual COVID-19 volunteer nurses. If the psychological condition of individuals is hampered, it will influence their life, not only can ruin interactions or relationships with others but also decrease the work productivity of the nurse. The psychological condition of volunteer nurses is closely related to the workload of volunteer nurses because too much workload can cause tension in a person, causing stress, anxiety and depression and it can influence their role as COVID-19 volunteer nurses. This study aims to analyze the relationship between workload with the psychological conditions of COVID-19 volunteer nurses. The method in this study used a quantitative analysis design with a cross-sectional approach. The number of samples in this study was 200 COVID-19 volunteer nurses according to sampling technique referring to Maxwell theory (1999). This research was conducted throughout Indonesia. Data analysis used the Chi-square test. The instrument used was a questionnaire in the form of Google Form. The results of the study showed that there was a relationship between workload and psychological conditions of depression, anxiety, and stress on COVID-19 volunteer nurses


email@example.com https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Reuse This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike (CC BY-NC-SA) licence. This licence allows you to remix, tweak, and build upon this work non-commercially, as long as you credit the authors and license your new creations under the identical terms. More information and the full terms of the licence here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/


The purpose of this research was to examine empirically the effects of new product development outcomes on overall firm performance. To do so, first product development and finance literature were connected to develop three testable hypotheses. Next, an event study was conducted in order to explore whether the changes in the stock market valuation of firms are influenced by the outcomes of efforts to develop new products. The pharmaceutical industry was chosen as the empirical context for the present study's analysis largely because the gate-keeping role played by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) provides a specific event date on which to focus the event study methodology. As such, this study's events were dates of public announcements of the FDA decisions to approve or to reject the New Drug Applications submitted by the sponsoring firms.

Consistent with the efficient market hypothesis, this study's results show that market valuations are responsive strongly and cleanly to the success or failure of new product development efforts. Hence, one of this study's key results suggests that financial markets may be attuned sharply to product development outcomes in publicly traded firms. This study also finds that financial market losses from product development failures were much larger in magnitude than financial market gains from product development successes—indicating an asymmetry in the response of financial markets to the success and failure of new product development efforts. Hence, another implication of this study's results is that managers should factor in a substantial risk premium when considering substantial new development projects. The present study's results also imply that managers should refrain from hyping new products and perhaps even should restrain the enthusiasm that the financial community may build before the product fully is developed. The effect on firm value is severe when expectations about an anticipated new product are not fulfilled. Managers in effect should take care to build reasonable and realistic expectations about potential new products.


Abstract : Hafnium oxide (HfO2) films were grown by sputter-deposition by varying deposition temperature (Ts) in a wide range of 25?700?C. The deposited HfO2 films were characterized by studying their growth behavior, microstructure, and optical properties. Characterization of the films employing a wide range of analytical techniques indicate a clear functional relationship between processing conditions, structure, morphology, and optical properties. HfO2 films were amorphous at Ts 6 200?C, at which point a structural transformation occurs. HfO2 films grown at Ts200?C were nanocrystalline, stabilized in a monoclinic structure. The nanocrystalline HfO2 films exhibit a strong (111) texturing. The average crystallite size of HfO2 films increased from10 nm to 20 nm with increasing Ts. Electron and atomic force microscopy measurements also correlated with the crystalline behavior, as well as an evenly distributed network of spherical shaped crystallites for the nanocrystalline HfO2 films. Density (ƿ) of HfO2 films probed using X-ray reflectivity and ellipsometry data analysis indicate that the q values are strongly dependent on Ts; ƿ varied in the range of 7.36?9.14 g/cm3. The higher end of ƿ values were noted only for HfO2 films grown at relatively higher Ts indicating the crystalline nature accounts for the q improvement. The band gap values of the films varied in the range of 5.78?6.17(?0.03) eV for Ts = 25?700?C. Index of refraction at 550 nm increased from 1.80 to 2.09, which also correlates with the characteristic feature of improved structural order, packing density of HfO2 films with increasing Ts. Based on the observed results, a correlation between growth conditions, microstructure and optical constants is established.


How to estimate and evaluate the policy of the United States toward the Axis Powers on the eve of World War II and during the early period of the war has long been a subject of research of historians of various countries of the world. In the thirty or more years since the war, U.S. capitalist class historians have initiated a fierce debate around this subject, publishing many works and treatises. Their viewpoints are divided and generally form three schools.


During the past year there have been many developments in polyolefins including metallocene catalysts, new polymerization (such as bi-modal reactors) and compounding techniques including blends and copolymers. Most of the new films, made possible by these process improvements, will result in further down-gauging; thus the considerable increase in the area of polyolefin film will only be the occasion of a modest increase in the tonnage of these plastics. Maack Business Services has listed as the top ten specialty polyolefin film categories: monolayer films using specialty resins and blends; biflow films coextruded with one extruder; coextruded specialty resins producing differentiated films; coextruded simple resins producing specialty films; tie-layer free coextruded films; non-barrier, dissimilar resins coextruded films; barrier coextruded specialty films; extrusion coated specialty films, and surface modified and coated films. It is expected that these and other new developments will require substantial increases in investment on the part of the polymer producers and by the extruders of the films. These new resins were the major new film developments discussed at the National Plastics Exposition and Confer-