The characteristics of hadron-nucleus interactions are analyzed within the framework of Reggeon field theory with the critical and the supercritical Pomeron and in the multiple scattering theory. The results are in agreement with the available experimental data on proton-nucleus interactions at superhigh energies.


the season to gear up an import program, were the USDA to lift the ban. The proposed USDA plan would permit Mexican imports only during the months of November, December, January and February. Many suspect the USDA's decision on the issue won't be released until after the November presidential elections. Meanwhile, the California industry continues its efforts to convince USDA officials of what it feels is overwhelming evidence that Mexican avocados would introduce new, economically-damaging avocado pests into California groves. The CAC submitted new data to the USDA last spring indicating the agency underestimated the pest problems in Mexico, and urged it to reopen its evaluation of the plan.


Introduction: A new method of defining the existing/persisting deformities in congenital clubfoot and a new operative procedure for correcting the deformities has been proposed. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 43 feet of 30 patients (12 girls, 18 boys) who underwent the new surgical procedure for congenital clubfoot. The patients were evaluated with Cummings' modification of Laaveg and Ponseti score. The mean duration of follow-up was 10.7 months. Results: 81.3% of the cases of the idiopathic congenital clubfoot had excellent results, 16.2% had good results and 2.3% had fair results, when managed primarily with the new method of clubfoot treatment. Conclusion: While using the new method, exact existing/persisting deformities can be pointed out and adequate correction of the deformities can be done; thus there is less risk for over-and under-correction. The early results show that this method is effective. Long term results are awaited.


Hand gesture recognition system can be used for interfacing between computer and human using hand gesture. This work presents a technique for a human computer interface through hand gesture recognition that is able to recognize some static gestures from the American Sign Language hand alphabet or numbers. The objective of this research is to develop a feed forward algorithm for recognition of hand gestures. The use of hand gestures provides an attractive alternative to interface devices for human-computer interaction (HCI). The ability to interact with computers in more natural and intuitive ways. The hand can be used to communicate much more information by itself compared to computer mice, joysticks, etc. allowing a greater number of possibilities for computer interaction. This research produced a working prototype of a robust hand tracking and gesture recognition system that can be used in numerous applications.


By the autumn of 1914 Chicherin had been a revolutionary Marxist for a decade. He now entered Britain where his political development continued. This process took practical shape in the Russian Political Prisoners and Exiles Relief Committee, then in the Committee of Delegates of Russian Socialist Groups in London, where he led the campaign against the British government's plans to conscript Russian aliens. In this political and agitational work Chicherin was aided by many British radicals and revolutionary Socialists. He thus continued a generation‐long history of political work conducted by Tsarist emigres in the host community, but gave this work a qualitatively new dimension.


Rails for monorail and guideway systems using rubber tyres must maintain frictional resistance in wet conditions for safe driving. This fact is especially important when the rail has steel plates on its running surface and its longitudinal gradient is more than 3%. A nonslip steel plate rail for monorail and guideway systems has been developed. This plate has hot rolled semicircular grooves which are placed in transverse and longitudinal directions, and exert effective friction when the rubber tyres come into contact with these lattice-shaped shallow grooves and deform elastically . This paper describes experimental studies of the relations between the groove shape, the coefficient of friction and fatigue strength when this plate is used as the main member of the guideway girder. (TRRL)


Abstract The aid dependence of Cambodian NGOs has resulted in a predominantly donor-driven peace-building process. Notwithstanding some crucial reconciliation initiatives that predate donor involvement and are rooted in local—often Buddhist—traditions, recent key initiatives in the area of transitional justice would not have happened without significant international funding and support.


The present invention resides in the surprising discovery of the previously unrecognized synergistic effects resulted from combined use of narigenin and asiatic acid. New methods and compositions are therefore provided for the treatment or prevention of fibrosis.


The problem of spatial adjustment of a group of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) from the point of view of minimizing the energy consumed is considered. An algorithm for constructing the optimal control of each UAV, providing the total minimum consumption of energy costs for spatial adjustment is introduced. On the basis of the received algorithm the computer model is realized. The results of simulation of different variants of transposition of the group.


Usher Parsons, the subject of this biography, lived from 1788 to 1868, years in which medicine and surgery had begun the slow transformation from empirical crafts to professions based on science. To recognize the era before the transition, the reader need read only one of the verbose consultation opinions quoted in this volume or consider the routine use of clysters, puking, and bloodletting as standard methods of therapy in the early days of Usher's career. Usher became the outstanding member of the surgical profession in the early days of the state of Rhode Island. His fame as a physician and historian also spread to neighboring states. Because no definitive biography had been written about him, Dr Goldowsky was given an excellent opportunity to combine a detailed survey of Usher's life with a description of medical care as it existed at that time. The author has allowed contemporary events and records


In order to find more true Pareto optimal solutions and improve their uniformity of distribution,a multi-objective quantum particle swarm optimization algorithm based on quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization(QPSO) and adaptive grid(MOQPSO) is proposed.MOQPSO makes full use of the superiority of quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization to approximate the true Pareto optimal solutions quickly,and Gaussian mutation operator is introduced to enhance the diversity of searched solutions.MOQPSO reserves the found Pareto optimal solutions by setting an external memory,and then updates and maintains the optimal solutions based on adaptive grid,in order to guide the particle swarm finding the true Pareto optimal solutions finally by the leader particles from external memory.Simulation results denote that MOQPSO is of better convergence and more uniform distributing performance.


Background: Previous studies on effects of menopause on voice characteristics have not compared the voice characteristics before, during and after menopause. It is also possible that these voice changes cannot be captured by traditional acoustic measures such as frequency and amplitude perturbation measures. Hence a robust acoustic tool such as cepstrum was chosen to capture these vocal changes before, during and after menopause and hence the present study was attempted.

Method: The present study followed a cross-sectional study design. The participants consisted of 25 premenopausal women, 25 perimenopausal women and 25 postmenopausal women. Sustained production of/a/ and narration was recorded using Z tool and cepstral peak prominence (CPP) and smoothened cepstral peak prominence (CPPS) was analyzed.

Results: The results of one-way ANOVA revealed that there was a significant main effect of the group at p < 0.05 for all the cepstral measures targeted in the study. Post hoc analysis indicated that there was no significant difference between pre and perimenopausal women for all the cepstral measures at p < 0.05. However, there was a significant difference between pre and postmenopausal women and peri and postmenopausal women at p < 0.05. These results suggests that postmenopausal women had overall good voice quality than pre and perimenopausal women.

Conclusion: Results indicated that post menopausal women had increased cepstral measures when compared to pre and perimenopausal women. Further, studies are required to correlate laryngeal examination and hormonal levels with that of the voice changes before, during and after menopausal women.


The Beijing Radioactive Isotope Separator On-Line(BRISOL) is a part of the HI-13 tandem upgrade project, mainly for the production of radioactive nuclear beam, identification of radioactive nuclide and injection into the HI-13 tandem. And the mass resolution of BRISOL is 20 000. The distributed Ethernet architecture based on PLC was used for the power supply control system of BRISOL. This paper introduces the basic principle of the control system, the control schemes of various power supply, the measures to solve the interference and data storage, and also some consideration of design, including safety interlock, graphical control interface. Now,the control system has been put into use, and its performance is stable and reliable.


This semester-long course is designed for upper-level history and humanities majors. It provides an overview of important elements, trends and developments in the political, social, economic, cultural, religious, and colonial history of France from the early seventeenth century through the French Revolution. These will be covered through a combination of lectures, in-class discussions, secondary readings, brief film clips, musical samples, and selected primary sources. Class meets once a week for 2.5 hours. No prior course-work in French history is required. Prior completion of Western Civilization is recommended.


Microcontact printing holds the promise of large-scale, high rate surface micro-patterning. We address the real time monitoring, metrology and control issues for the scale-up process using a roll-to-roll (R2R) continuous printing method. The first key factor is precise web handling, including high accuracy measurement and control of speed, tension, and registration of the moving web in real time. The second key factor in scale-up is always the ability to image the quality of the printing in real time to provide for feedback regulation of the printing process to ensure pattern integrity.


Wood processing is an important downstream activity of the Philippine forestry sector because it adds economic value to logs, diversifies the products that can be produced from it, and increases the incomes and employment of involved communities. Despite its many economic contributions, however, the wood processing industry has been on the decline for many years now. This study analyzes the wood processing industry concentrating on its value chain, the major issues and problems it is facing, and recommends actions to address these problems and issues. Among others, the study finds that the wood processing industry is constrained by various technical, financial, economic, marketing, environmental, institutional, and research-related problems and issues. To address these individually, specific recommendations are forwarded. In terms of research, in particular, the study suggests the gathering of more detailed and complete data and information on the wood processing sector by relevant government agencies, and the conduct of relevant studies not just on the whole processing sector but also on specific wood processing activities.


Noise reduction is of increasing importance in the community. Consequently, the development of aero-acoustics is gaining special focus within industry. Computational Aero-Acoustics (CAA), the coupling of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Computational Acoustics (CA), is being used in the design and assessment of a range of products from HVAC ducts to domestic appliances. The process for carrying out an Aero-Acoustic simulation begins with the solution of the transient flow dynamics in order to compute accurately the pressure fluctuations at a number of points in the computational domain. These fluctuations are passed to the acoustic code to propagate the acoustic waves through the system and determine its acoustic signature. To minimize errors in the acoustic propagation analysis it is thus essential that accurate predictions of the noise sources be obtained. This paper concentrates on the CFD part of the aero-acoustic simulation. The case considered has been taken from the European project DESTINY:3 and comprises a tangential blower located inside a complex duct system. Air is drawn into the fan through two inlets and exits through a single duct. The computational methodology and flow field predictions are presented and compared to experimental PIV data. The numerical predictions were found to be in good agreement with the experimental data, reproducing the asymmetries in the flow field.


Synopsis : Growth kinetics of intergranular ferrite in a V-N steel has been investigated from the measurement of isothermal transformation kinetics. When compared with a V-C steel, the start of intergranular ferrite transformation starts earlier on isothermal transformation in the V-N steel, whereas its growth is retarded. The growth rates of the intergranular ferrite are under the parabolic rate rule for both steels with a smaller rate constant for the V-N steel. When the rate constants are ascribed to the supersaturation of carbon at the ferrite/austenite interface, the carbon concentrations are estimated to be 0.29 and 0.35 mass% for the V-N and V-C steels, respectively. Johnson-Mehl-Avrami plot of the transformation kinetics indicates that the ferrite nucleation rate is larger for the V-N steel. It is discussed that the precipitation of intragranular ferrite in the V-N steel is facilitated owing to the retardation of the intergranular ferrite growth in the steel.


Three-dimensional structural models for lignite and metal-ion-exchanged lignite were constructed to investigate the impact of added metal species on their pyrolysis. The Wender model was used as the structural unit of the two models, and Ca(OH)2 was used as the added metal species. Reactive force field molecular dynamics was employed to simulate the pyrolysis of the two models at 1000–2000 K over a period of 300 ps. Subsequently, cleavage pathways in the pyrolysis of the two models were determined. The characteristics observed in the simulation agree well with the known characteristics of the lignite structure. We found that the initial reactions in the pyrolysis of the two models are mainly decarboxylation and cleavage of the bridged C–O bond. These reactions were further confirmed by density functional theory calculations. Upon addition of Ca(OH)2 to lignite, the carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl could be deprotonated. Added metal species changed the pathways for both reactions from homolytic cleavage to h...


Old Norman chroniclers tell us that William the Conqueror, threatened with excommunication by the Pope for his marriage with Mathilde, bought himself off by consenting to build five hospitals and two monasteries. The hospitals were founded at Rouen, Caen, Bayeux, and Cherbourg. The monastaries, St. Stephen, the Abbaye-aux-Hommes, and La Trinite, the Abbaye-auxDame3, are still the glory of Caen. Ia strange contrast to these foundations, regal alike in traditions as in their size, form, and revenues, stands the institution known as the Bon Sauveur. Insignificant in origin, it faces and meets the needs of the present. We are neither awestruck nor dazzled as we enter its doors; we meet men and women, and we are content to be human.


Crum's theorem and its modification a la Krein-Adler are formulated for the discrete quantum mechanics with real shifts, whose eigenfunctions consist of orthogonal polynomials of a discrete variable. The modification produces the associated polynomials with a finite number of degrees deleted. This in turn provides the well known Christoffel transformation for the dual orthogonal polynomials with the corresponding positions deleted.


One of the finest Attic sarcophagi of its class, and certainly one of the most striking pieces to have reached the western provinces, is the well-known Hippolytus sarcophagus which was found in 1891 at Trinquetaille, across the river from Aries, and which is now one of the chief ornaments of the Musée Romain in that city (pl. 1). There is no need to describe it in detail, since it has been fully published, with good photogravure reproductions of all four sides, by Robert, and again in more summary form, by Espérandieu. It will be enough in the present context to note that it is a typical example of what Rodenwaldt, in his penetrating discussion of the evolution of the Attic kline-sarcophagus, has shown to be an advanced and presumably, therefore, relatively late variant within that series. The lid, with a single male figure reclining on an embroidered mattress upon a couch with animal-headed mounts, has altered very little from the prototype; but on the body all that remains of the Caryatid figures that once supported the couch at the four angles is the pair of vestigial pedestals at either end of the recessed moulding along the base of the rear face. The mouldings, too, a delicately carved acanthus scroll along the upper border, an elaborately lobed leaf-and-tongue motif along the re-entrant surface behind the line of the heads, and a panel of conventional bay-wreath ornament along the lower border, all of these, with their very shallow relief and fluid surfaces, represent an altogether more advanced stage of development than the boldly cut, purposeful architectural mouldings of earlier practice. In these later Attic sarcophagi the emphasis has shifted decisively from the architectural framework of the design to the figures themselves, which now form a virtually uninterrupted frieze round the four sides of the body.


A logic gate based on a bistable [c2] daisy chain rotaxane decorated with lateral triarylamine units is described, giving rise to an INHIBIT logic function using proton concentration and light as inputs, and producing dual color change and supramolecular self-assembly as outputs. Since the pioneering work of de Silva and collaborators, 1 processing information by applying Boolean logic to chemical systems has been extensively developed. 2 A large variety of synthetic molecules, even as simple as 8-methoxyquinoline, has been reported to achieve and integrate various kinds of Boolean operations. 3 More advanced molecular machines, such as [2]pseudorotaxanes and [2]rotaxanes which present switching abilities upon chemical or physical stimulation , have also been designed with a particular focus on electronic devices with memory effects. 4 Switchable molecular machines act by essence as logic gates and can reset a device to its initial state by taking advantage of their reversible bistability. Although various stimuli such as pH, metal ions, voltage, or even light have been used to activate these molecular logic units, examples combining light and pH inputs are limited. 5 Outputs usually consist in an optical response such as UV/Vis absorption, fluorescence, phosphorescence, or circular dichroism as it provides an easy read-out of the molecular computation. However, examples in which an optical output is accompanied by the formation of a supramolecular self-assembly built on the molecular logic unit are scarce and mainly consist in the formation of physical gels. 6 Recently we have discovered that triarylamine derivatives, when decorated with appropriate lateral amide groups, can self-assemble upon simple visible light exposure in the presence of chlorinated solvents thanks to a combination of various supra-molecular interactions (hydrogen bond, p–p stacking, and van der Waals). 7 Although the detailed mechanism of this unique supramolecular polymerization process is very complex, it can be summarized as follows: (i) oxidation upon light irradiation of a catalytic quantity of triarylamines to their radical cations associated with a chemical reduction of the chlorinated solvent; (ii) formation of a nucleus of a minimum number of triaryl-ammonium radicals; (iii) stacking of neutral triarylamines onto the nucleus and subsequent growth of columnar primary fibrils; and (iv) lateral secondary aggregations of fibrils up to the formation of larger bundles of fibers. 8 Interestingly, the formation of these self-assembled structures is accompanied by a strong increase in NIR absorption at around 790 nm corresponding to the formation and stabilization of the triarylammonium radical …


One new subspecies of the Erebia alcmena Grum-Grshimailo,1891—Erebia alcmena leechuanlungi,ssp.nov.is described from West Henan,China.The type specimens are deposited in the Insect Collection of the Hennan Academy of Sciences.


The application of derivative ultraviolet spectrophotometry to the simultaneous determination of nitrate and nitrite is described. The second-derivative absorbances at 223.2 and 215.8 nm are used for the respective determinations of nitrate and nitrite, which show isosbestic points at 215.8 and 223.2 nm, respectively. The procedure is non-destructive, and does not require any separation step, chemical manipulation or solution of equations. Detection limits as low as 4.5 × 10–6 mol l–1 for nitrate and 4.0 × 10–6 mol l–1 for nitrite have been obtained.


INTRODUCTION
In the assessment of older adults with very low formal education, typical tests of selective attention and inhibitory control are biased by reading abilities. In this sense, we aim to assess the psychometric characteristics of the Five Digits Test (FDT), a numerical Stroop paradigm, in older adults without cognitive disorders, with mild cognitive impairment, and with dementia.

METHODS
We assessed 211 Brazilian older adults with low formal education using the FDT and other cognitive measures. Construct validity and reliability were assessed by correlations and internal consistency.

RESULTS
The FDT test had weak correlations with crystalized intelligence tests and moderate-high correlations with fluid intelligence measures and tests of global cognitive status and executive functions. The split-half coefficient of reliability showed high internal consistency (>0.900).

CONCLUSION
Together, the results suggest that the FDT is a valid and reliable measure for the assessment of processing speed and executive functions in older adults with low formal education.


Mimicking the scheme of incorporating La3+ to Pb(Zr1−xTix)O3, Ca2+ is used to substitute Na+ in the lead-free NaNbO3 compound, with A-site vacancy introduced to maintain charge neutrality. The anticipated relaxor behavior is expected to suppress the remanent polarization and improve the energy storage properties of NaNbO3-based ceramics. Specifically, (Na1−2xCax)NbO3 (x = 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08) ceramics were prepared with the solid-state method, and their structures and electric properties were investigated. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy reveal the existence of minor amount of CaNb2O6 second phase. Polarization vs. electric field hysteresis loop measurements verify the suppression of remanent polarization in compositions of x ≤ 0.04. The temperature-dependent dielectric tests indicate that both the relaxation and diffuseness parameters monotonically increase with Ca2+ content. The results demonstrate that the introduction of a smaller donor dopant and charge-compensating vacancies on the A-site in NaNbO3 is an effective strategy to disrupt the long-range dipole order.


Paraneoplastic Neurologic Disorders (PND) are remote neurologic effects of cancer that are caused neither by invasion of the tumour or its metastases nor by infection, ischemia, metabolic deficit, nutritional deficits, surgery, or other forms of tumour treatment.1 Probably, the first report of PND dates back to 1890 when M. Auchè, a French physician, described peripheral nervous system involvement in cancer patients.2 Cancers of lung, breast, ovary and lymphoreticular system are common causes of PND; Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) being the commonest.3


Stress has become innate to all occupations and other aspects of life. The term 'stress' can be perceived in various ways like environmental pressure, strain which an individual encounters, unpleasant interactions between an individual and the circumstances, etc (Halkos & Bousinakis, 2010). Usually, at work place, the unmatched job requirement and an individual capability create a pressure or emotional disturbance which is perceived differently by every individual thus making stress a very subjective element (Michie, 2002). In modern times, the definition of a stress is more related to the personal experience of an individual that is caused due to the pressures and demands of the workplace (Blaug, Kenyon & Lekhi, 2007). The stress can significantly impact the ability and performance of an individual as well as their perception on own's capability. Studies have associated different types of stressors, such as organizational factors, psychological distress with the performance of an individual. Further, the level of stress in respondents depends upon their age, qualification, position in the organization, type of work (creative or routine), etc. The field of higher education is also no exception to stress. On account of the growth in number of institutions, enrolment rate, evolving higher standards of education and competition in the job market, institutions of higher learning are expected to turn out competitive and more stressful. In the current study, the researcher tries to analyze factors leading to stress and its impact on productivity with special reference to teachers in higher education.


The market of hair gel products in Thailand steadily grows with the changing trend of fashion every year. The main component of the hair gel products is the fixative polymer, which plays a role in hair styling properties including stiffness and curl retention. Properties of the hair styling product depending on hair types and climates must be suitably improved for Thai hair. In this study, 10 %w/w gel solutions of polyacrylic acid, polyquaternium-86, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), acrylates copolymer, and vinylpyrrolidone (VP) copolymers were cast as polymeric thin films. The film properties such as mechanical properties, wettability, and crystallinity were characterized afterwards. As a result, the highest puncture strength of 2.2 N/mm2 was found from PVP-K90 film (500-700 μm thick). Whereas, VP/vinyl acetate (VA) copolymer film was the most flexible with 42.5% elongation. For water contact angle analysis, it was noticed that VP copolymers had the angle of ~50o indicating the moderate wettability. The x-ray patterns of raw materials, polymeric films, and humidified films were varied especially for PVP-K30. Morphologies of the Thai hair samples coated with the fixative polymers were visualized through SEM. After storing coated hair samples in the humidified atmosphere (95±2% Relative humidity), acrylates copolymer, VP/Methacrylamide/Vinyl Imidazole copolymer, and VP/VA copolymer appeared the humidity resistance suitable for Thai hair styling gel.


Self-help and mutual aid have been at the heart of the consumer cooperative movement and its response to food insecurity since its inception. Yet how these terms are conceptualized and practiced in contemporary food co-ops often has more to do with their individual histories, ideologies, and the values of those involved than it does the history of the cooperative movement. Drawing on ethnographic examples from two London-based food co-ops with different backgrounds, this article explores how each enacts ideals of aid and exchange. It argues that the context of austerity creates "awkwardnesses" between and within personal values and organizational structures in the face of inequality, leading to blurred boundaries between different models of aid and exchange and the forms of moral accounting that these entail.


IT infrastructures coupled with BPR initiatives have the potential of supporting and enabling new organisational forms and help firms face the challenges of globalisation. The management literature gives prescriptions of how to set up, implement and use infrastructures to reach a new IT capability, diminish transaction costs and obtain competitive advantage. However, the scant empirical basis of such literature goes hand in hand with the lack of a theory linking the deployment of infrastructure to the nature of the business and the industry. This study of the deployment and use of infrastructures in six large multinationals prepares the ground for a contingency approach to the whole issue. The different implementation processes and applications reported by the case studies suggest that there is much more variety than a 'one best way' recommended by the literature. The theory of the firm as a repository of knowledge processes is a good candidate to explain qualitatively the empirical evidence, and provides a contingency framework that can be further tested.


Quebec's Ministry of Education champions critical thinking as a goal across the secondary school curriculum. However, teachers are not trained in what critical thinking looks like, nor how to teach it. Furthermore, the current curriculum does not encourage it. This thesis seeks to address this problem in 3 parts. First, using theorists such as Freire, Hall, hooks, Gramsci, and Lewontin, I summarize a critical approach to science. I discuss how science can be used as a tool of social legitimization that upholds ideological hegemony through harmful discourse. I then demonstrate how this is happening in Quebec by performing a content analysis on two secondary school Science and Technology textbooks, using a modified Chiappetta,
Fillman, and Sethna scheme. Finally, I offer alternative frameworks to science education by looking at a variety of approaches throughout the history of science education and feminist theory.


In the present work, an attempt was made to reduce the NOx emission of crude rice bran oil methyl ester without any considerable increase in smoke density, when used as a fuel in a stationary CI engine. Three factors namely, fuel injection timing, Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) and fuel injection pressure were chosen and their combined effect in controlling the NOx emission of a stationary Diesel engine fuelled with crude rice bran oil methyl ester was investigated. Three levels were chosen in each factor and NOx emission, smoke density and brake thermal efficiency were taken as the response variables. Experiments were designed by employing design of experiments method and Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array was used to conduct the engine tests with different levels of the chosen factors. Multi Response Signal-to-Noise ratio (MRSN) was calculated for the response variables and the optimum combination level of factors was obtained simultaneously using Taguchi's parametric design. Confirmation experiment was conducted for the obtained optimum combination level of factors and the results were compared with normal operating conditions and significant improvement was observed in the response variables.


Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of "Tanreqing Injection" in the treatment of exogenous fever in summer.Methods Two hundred subjects were randomized into two groups: control group in which 100 cases were treated by antibacterial and antiviral drugs,and treatment group in which 100 cases were treated by antibacterial and antiviral drugs plus intravenous drip of "Tanreqing Injection",with a course of 5 days.Results The overall effective rate was 94.0% in the treatment group and 76.0% in the control group,with a difference between them(P0.05);after treatment the body temperature was reduced in both groups(P0.05),with more significant reduction in the treatment group than in the control group(P0.05).Conclusion "Tanreqing Injection" has positive effects on exogenous fever in summer.


Okinawa National College of Technology proposed "Educational Program for Practically Skilled Engineers in Advanced Welding Technology in Okinawa Style" to the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry and was adopted as a 2-year project starting from 2005. This project designed to fit for the regional characteristics of Okinawa, aims to develop the core human resources program that will help reinforce and innovate the welding engineering in the manufacturing industries. In 2005, the education program and the original textbook were developed, and in 2006, a proof class was held to confirm the suitability and the effectiveness of the program and the textbook in order to improve the attendees' basics and the application ability of welding. The results were quite positive. Also, by collaborating with the Japan Welding Society, points scored in this course were authorized as the education points of IIW international welding engineer qualification.


In closing the incision through the abdominal wall after operation three structures need accurate apposition in order to restore, as nearly as possible, the normal anatomic relations. These are the peritoneum, fascia and skin. The muscles, provided they have been subjected to no further traumatism than the necessary displacement or separation of their fibers, require no retaining sutures. In holding the tissues together until union has taken place, it is desirable to use as few sutures as possible, for every one introduced into the wound is a foreign body, increasing the chance of infection. The sutures should be so introduced as to accomplish their purpose without strangulation of the tissues which they unite, for where the sutures are tied in the wound the nutrition of the tissues they include is interfered with, and atrophy, if not actual necrosis, results. This is particularly true of the fascia, more poorly nourished, as


In this article, we discuss the role of pottery in food-related practices at the Resnikov prekop site on Ljubljansko barje (Ljubljana Marshes). We integrate chemical analyses of organic food residues with typological, technological and functional analyses of pottery. The vessels from Resnikov prekop reveal a broad range of sizes, forms and fabrics, as demonstrated by our analyses. The lipid residue analysis demonstrate that vessels from Resnikov prekop were mostly used for storing and serving different foods derived from terrestrial animals, mostly ruminants.


Abstract The definition of the legal contours of a citizenship status is intrinsically bound to the determination of a differentiated status for non-citizens. Nonetheless, European citizenship has been designed in a non-exclusionary fashion. This is not so much the result of a conscious exercise of inclusiveness, as the result of the indeterminacy of the EU Treaties. The progressive construction of a common European immigration policy is happening within a constitutional scenario deprived of principles suitable to guide the relationship between the citizenship status and the several newly created status for third-country nationals, who now derive their EU rights not only from their relationships with EU citizens nor from agreements mirroring the fundamental freedoms. For this reason, there is a growing need to make explicit the principles that should govern this relationship. The main purpose of this paper is to discern and analyse the emerging lines of this relationship, which are being unveiled by EU immigration norms, particularly as they are being interpreted in recent judgements of the ECJ. It will be argued that the new EU rules on immigration are helping to uncover the shortcomings and incoherencies of the EU citizenship status since, paradoxically, the structure of EU competences allows for a deeper involvement of EU law in the determination of the rights of third country nationals than of the rights of citizens.


The data control in the Visual Basic is a convenient tool of operating database.It provides limited function of visiting database in stock without compiling program.The data control can't show the data in a database alone.It can be linked with appointed database document through setting up some attributes of it,then content of database can be showed by virtue of other controls.The text and label and picturebox are often used to show the data in a database.Data control linked with data control of showing the data is data bound.


The Padder valley in Jammu & Kashmir state is endowed with highly diverse ecological conditions in the lap of North-Western Himalayas. The present study resulted in the documentation of 34 different medicinal herbs belonging to 18 families in the study area, Asteraceae as the dominant family. A total of 11 highly tradable medicinal plants were estimated for biomass availability and productivity.


In this report the author will try to show the interface between phonology and morphology on the basis of phonotactics or rather morphonotactics. Therefore, the main focus of the empirical study is the investigation of Polish consonant clusters with and without morphological boundaries. It is assumed that in languages a given number of clusters will arise at morpheme boundaries. Although these morphonotactic clusters are often marked, they will be produced/acquired by children more easily than lexical clusters. A morphological cluster is more likely to be retained in production as it serves a morphological function (a new semantic or grammatical meaning is conveyed). In Chapter 1 the author will present Polish (mor)phonotactics. Subsequently, Polish clusters will be examined according to the criterion of markedness. For this purpose the author will refer to the Optimal Sonority Distance Principle (the OSDP) developed by Dziubalska-Kolaczyk (2002). Chapter 3 will be devoted to the description and analysis of the empirical study of Polish morphonotactics on the basis of the data coming from the field of first language acquisition. Finally, in Chapter 4 the author will show in what direction the study will develop.


Since most biological tissues are nearly incompressible, the axial compression leads to expansion in the lateral and elevational directions. Although axial strain is the main component of three dimensional strain field, estimation of the lateral strain may provide important additional information on the tissue mechanical properties. In this paper, we employed the idea and principle of image compounding and proposed a subband processing method to estimate lateral strain. To keep lateral radio freqency (RF) signal bandwidth and strain resolution, we split axial RF signal into several subband signals and then estimate lateral strains of these subband signals along lateral direction, finally average these strains to get a lateral compounded strain image. The simulation results demonstrate that the elastographic signal-to-noise ratio of the lateral compounded strain image is improved by 48% using this subband processing method, compared with the conventional method.


The aim of the study was to investigate the interaction of lectins with various populations of maturing murine T-lymphocytes, as well as with thymocytes at different stages of apoptosis. Materials and methods. Thymocyte typing of 80 CBA mice was performed by flow cytometry. The binding of lectins to cells in early and late apoptosis induced by the administration of hydrocortisone was also evaluated. Results. The suitability of peanut and Helix pomatia lectins for differentiation of mature and immature mouse thymocytes has been established. 11 lectins bound to living cells, during the transition of cells to the state of early apoptosis, thymocytes were stained with 16 lectins, and upon transition to late apoptosis, 20 of 23 lectins bound to the cells. Conclusion. The use of labeled lectins to assess the stage of murine thymocyte apoptosis does not have obvious advantages over existing methods. The degree of binding of all lectins to thymocytes in apoptosis increases as the charge on the membrane decreases and its permeability increases. For typing thymocytes in the early stages of maturation, peanut and Helix pomatia lectins can be used. Snowdrop and amaryllis lectins are not suitable for differentiation of thymocytes by maturity.


These 1992 lectures notes present a powerful formalism mostly developed in the 1980s by Borderies, Goldreich and Tremaine to address planetary ring dynamical issues. These notes make a special emphasis on ring microphysics, quantified with the help of the moments of the Boltzmann equation. They also focus on the standard self-gravity model of narrow ring rigid precession, and on the physics of linear and nonlinear density waves. These notes have been corrected but only very marginally extended and not updated.
They are provided both as an introduction to the streamline formalism and as a complement on some technical issues for my upcoming review ("Theory of Narrow rings and Sharp Edges") that will cover the physics not addressed here along with more recent developments. This review will appear in the "Planetary Ring System" book (C. Murray and M. Tiscareno, eds.), to be published later on this year at Cambridge University Press.


The evolution of laser-induced plasma for an aluminum target in a helium ambient gas at different pressures of 100, 300, 500, 700, and 1000 mbar is numerically studied. A thermal model of laser ablation is utilized for calculation of plasma parameters which comprise heat conduction, Euler equations, Saha–Eggert equations, Knudsen layer boundary condition, mass and energy balance relations, and optical shielding effects. In addition, in order to determine the temporal parameters of aluminum's plasma, the hydrodynamic equations are computed for calculation of the plasma absorption due to inverse Bremsstrahlung and photoionization. A CO2 laser pulse at a wavelength of 10.6 μm with different pulse durations of 50 and 100 ns is irradiated on laser induced Al plasma for truncation of the transmitted CO2 laser pulse. The laser intensities irradiated on the Al sample for producing plasma and generation of a shortened pulse are considered as 1016, 1017, and 5 × 1017 W/m2. Furthermore, for validation of the theoretical calculations, some experimental results are presented. Results showed that higher helium gas pressures caused the critical density attained at earlier delay times which caused the CO2 laser beam became efficiently truncated. Moreover, it is concluded that pulse duration has an inverse relation with ambient gas pressure and laser intensity which means that the higher gas pressure or laser intensity induces less pulse duration.


2019 has seen an unusually high number of measles cases, and other preventable diseases outbreaks, at least in part linked to vaccines refusal. States are considering legislative responses. This article examines what role can the federal government fill in increasing vaccines rates. The article suggests that the federal government has an important role to fill in funding research, coordination, and local efforts. It also suggests that a federal school mandate is likely not the solution: first, such mandate can run into plausible constitutional challenges, and second, there are policy arguments against it, including the unfairness of imposing a mandate before solving access problems throughout the country, the risk of a federal mandate ended up weaker or stronger than the state, and the risk that a conditional mandate will lead to states losing funding needed to prevent outbreak, ending with the ironic result of more outbreaks as a result of such a law.


This paper uses hedonic modeling to test the effects of age, both actual and effective, on the value of historic properties within a nationally recognized historic district. Findings show that there is a critical point where the value of historic properties is affected by actual age and the depreciation schedule turns upward. Effective age is used to develop a variant of Tobin's Q which provides evidence that inter-district price differentials often attributed to historic designation are at least partially a function of investment differentials between districts.


People usually visualize their imaginations or memories through sketching. However, it might be difficult to record color and texture details powered by a large database of photographs gathered from the Web. This paper deals with the imagination visualization problem for human faces. A framework for synthesizing lifelike portraits from user specifications and input sketches is proposed which is an inverse process of sketch generation. The proposed framework synthesizes the realistic appearance of a face by taking parts from an annotated face library of photographs and stitching them together followed by further deformation.
 The algorithm consists of three parts primarily: First, given user specifications and an input sketch, search good matches for each facial component in the library; Second, extract each facial component from matching source images and composite them together; Third, deform the synthesized lifelike portraits to further approximate the sketch. The key component lies in a measurement for finding the right contents to bridge the gap between shapes and lifelike images. A set of diverse lifelike portraits can be synthesized from a single sketch. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated with a variety of experimental results.


This paper aims to realize a Signal to Noise Ratio Estimator which constitutes a critical index of the broadcasting system in OFDM system with a synchronized type based on ISDB-T system. Of the elements which are comprising OFDM segments of ISDB-T system using the MSE algorithm suitable for ASIC design owing to its low complexity among a diverse SNR estimation methods, SNR estimation method using the broadcasting information data and the SNR estimation method using scattered pilot signal were realized by RTL. These two methods were compared in terms of their performance through simulation test not only in the AWGN channel which is an ideal channel, but also in SFN channel and frequency selective fading channel, which are distorted channels. Complexity of two methods were also compared through RTL realization. As a result of this comparison analysis, it was concluded that the SNR estimation method using scattered pilot signal shows more excellent performance and easiness in realization.


American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) is an infectious disease transmitted by vectors and caused by several protozoa of the genus Leishmania. In Brazil, it is considered a serious public health problem due to its endemicity throughout the national territory. The aim of this study is to analyze the spatial distribution of cases of ATL infection in the municipalities from the State of Alagoas, Brazil, and to identify related social determinants during the period of 2007 to 2021. This is an ecological, retrospective, and quantitative study. We use descriptive and spatial statistics. Data about the disease and social conditions were obtained in the Department of Informatics of the Brazilian National Health System (DATASUS) and Atlas Brasil platform. During this period, 1,033 cases of leishmaniasis were recorded, of which 41% corresponded to the age group of 15-39 years old; men (67%) and black individuals (76%) were the most affected by the disease. The predominant clinical form was cutaneous (95%). The spatial correlations indicate a lack of dependence of the disease, both alone and when compared to the human development index. The findings highlight the need for further investigations to better understand the underlying factors contributing to the disproportionate distribution of the disease and its association with demographic characteristics.
KEY WORDS: American tegumentary leishmaniasis; cutaneous leishmaniasis; environmental health; social conditions.


Broad-crested weir is structure designed to measure the flow rates and to control the flood water in open channel. In the present numerical study, the ReynoldsAveraged Navier–Stokes equations are coupled with k −ε turbulence standard model to simulate the water flow over broad-crested weir by using the software Ansys Fluent. Volume of fluid (VOF) model is used as a tool to track the free surface flow. This research aims to find new formulas for calculate the discharge coefficient (Cd) and to describe flow structure in the vicinity of backward broad crested. The found numerical results agree well with experimental results. The relative error between the measured and computed value of discharge coefficients does not exceed 2%. A very satisfactory agreement observed between numerical and experimental water surface profiles for different flow rates.


This article presents the design and the subsequent implementation stages for the low-cost shape scanner of relatively small elements. The main concept of hardware and data processing algorithm are described. The code used for controlling the operation of individual parts of the device was implemented in the Arduino platform. Special software for managing work of the scanner and collecting measurement data was prepared using the Processing programming language. Assuming cost reduction and simple device construction, limited precision of the shape scanning is expected. In order to improve the obtained results, reduce the disturbances and increase the resolution (the number of points describing shape), additional data conversions performed using the neural network were used.


Value-at-risk (VaR) computations are one important basic element of risk analysis and management applications. On the one hand, risk management systems need to be flexible and maintainable, but on the other hand they require a very high computational power. In general, accelerators provide high speedups, but come with a limited flexibility. In this work, we investigate two approaches towards portable and fast code for VaR computations on heterogeneous platforms: operator tuning and the use of OpenCL. We show that operator tuning can save up one third of run time on CPU-based systems in the calibration step. For OpenCL, we present a detailed analysis of run time on CPU, GPU, and Xeon Phi, and evaluate its portability. We also find that the same code runs up to 12x faster in a VaR setting with an accelerator card being present, without any code changes required.


It is observed that in recent trend INCONEL material has tremendous application in aeronautical, aerospace industry and automobile engineering because of its favorable properties. Therefore "Inconel 825" material has been chosen to machine by EDM. But EDM has a disadvantage of lower MRR. So an experimental investigation has been carried out to study machining parameters of EDM to improve MRR and reducing TWR, surface roughness and kerf width. Here heat treatment process has been studied and applied to improve tool life by reducing tool wear rate. In this experiment Copper tool has modified by changing its grain growth structure by step hardening process and results in both heat treated and without heat treated tools are compared. Keywords-EDM (Electro Discharge Machine), Without Heat treated tool, With Heat Treated Tool, MRR (Material Removal Rate), TWR (Tool Wear Rate), SR (Surface Roughness)


The present invention is a mobile communication relates in the system, a base station and a slot boundary timing, and then match the frame boundary timing pseudo noise code number, and then to acquire the timing to complete the initial cell search the initial cell, the pseudo noise code detected during search search the event the first area based on the timing to perform a multipath search, and to navigate to the first large second area than the first region on the basis of a pseudo noise code timing obtained before the sleep state upon re-acquisition in a sleep state, performing a re-acquisition, and in the presence or absence and the kind of information provided by the base station by selectively using the initial cell search and multipath search performs a neighboring cell search.


The Northeast Waste Management Officials' Association (NEWMOA) recently sponsored conference calls for members to discuss the use of evaporators by hazardous waste generators and state perspectives on treatment of hazardous waste by generators in containers and tanks. Following the calls, the Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Rhode Island, and Vermont environmental agencies (the participating NEWMOA members) decided it was necessary to prepare this letter requesting that EPA:


Blades are the critical component in the wind turbines and it is the one which affects the performance of the whole unit, because it is the energy converter. In practice, in order to ensure the dynamic stability of the structure, if a major failure was encountered in one blade, all three blades are replaced together (Povl Brandsted et al 2005). This involves large capital investment. Hence it is very essential to have failure free operation of blade. For that reason an effort has been made to identify suitable alternate material for this application. Sixteen laminates were identified as possible alternatives. Anisotropic carbon/glass hybrid composite laminates have been fabricated, tested and analyzed. The laminates were fabricated utilizing the vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) technique.


A solid-state laser active medium comprises an optical gain material (1A); a heat sink (15), wherein the heat sink is transparent, in particular over a wavelength range of 200 nm to 4000 nm, preferably with an absorption coefficient of ; the heat sink having a high thermal conductivity, in particular >=149 W/(m K); wherein the optical gain material and the heat sink exhibit a root-mean square, RMS, surface roughness of <1 nm; wherein the optical gain material is attached to the transparent heat sink by direct bonding. Due to the improved thermal contact, a greater amount of heat can be more efficiently removed from the pumped gain medium thereby enhancing laser output power.


This article aims to provide some reflections regarding instructional praxis in the amidst of global pandemic and insights of digital history as an alternative solution that can be used for local history learning in this unprecedented situation. In doing so, research problems were formulated, data (especially from peer-reviewed articles) were gathered, corroborated, presented and discussed accordingly. This study finds that Covid-19 has changed the educational landscape worldwide, including Indonesia. Given the unfortunate condition of the pandemic, many educational institutions shifted their teaching and learning into online. It provides various challenges as well as opportunities to use various new digital media in education, including digital history. Emerged in the late 20th century, digital history provides opportunities for history teachers or educators to use it as sources of history learning, especially on local history. Using various primary sources available online, teachers could design new instructional materials or project-based learning on local history.


The utility model provides a hand and foot massager which comprises a top plate, a base plate and an air pump, wherein an upper air bag which corresponds to the backs of hands and feet is fixedly arranged on the top plate; the upper air bag is connected with an air valve; a lower air bag which corresponds to the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet is fixedly arranged on the upper end surface of the base plate; the lower air bag is connected with an air valve; a space which is used for containing the hands and the feet is formed between the upper air bag and the lower air bag; and pipeline interconnecting structures are respectively formed between the air pump and the air valve connected with the lower air bag and between the air pump and the air valve connected with the upper air bag. In the hand and foot massager, the air pump is used for frequently and repeatedly inflating and deflating the lower air bag and the upper air bag by the corresponding air valves, thereby carrying out extruding massage on the hands and the feet; and the qi blood of meridians and collaterals is adjusted by massaging reflecting regions of the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet, thereby achieving the effect of relieving and treating the diseases of other organs.


We need to accept that sexting is here to stay, says Karen Sullivan. She looks at what we can do to talk to young people so they understand the risks they are taking.


To investigate the effects of reducing the intensity of tracking, this study exploits reforms across German states which combined the two lower secondary school tracks, sometimes additionally offering the possibility to acquire a university entrance qualification. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we find that reducing the tracking intensity significantly improves students' reading achievement. Lower-performing student groups – boys, students born abroad, and students from lower socio-economic status families – benefited in particular. In contrast, we find no effects on acquiring a middle school degree, attending the most academic track, or repeating a grade.


In this article, we studied on business performance after the implementation of total quality management (TQM) and ISO 9000. Researchers claimed that ISO certification will improve business performance and outcomes. They also believe that ISO 9000 will be necessary to stay in business in the future. Motives of organization toward ISO 9000 are very important. Benefits and difficulties faced during the implementation of TQM and ISO 9000 will be discussing in further. This paper states that quality management system proposed by ISO 9000 is a necessary foundation for other quality methods.


And ability of multi-session, the mechanism for web applications that can grasp the session recoverable processing state, including the step of providing "external session ID" with the start URL of the requested Portal page (ESID). ESID is the argument is the difference between the two instances of the (same page) application is directed to a different / separate session with the server. When the user returns to the same page, ESID is again passed along the individual application requirements, the server can be logically reconnected to the correct session can be continued to a user. ESID is, the user, in advance away to go to other applications, after which wants to come back, it can be used to return to the application, or the user is the application after closing the browser it can be used to resume.


Seventy-five basidiomycetous larger fungi (Agaricales, Boletales and two Hydnales and Aphyllophorales) are selected to demonstrate their mycogeographic relationships and distribution patterns in the South Pacific region (southern South America, New Zealand, Australia/Tasmania, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea). Particular emphasis is put on species forming ectomycorrhizae with Nothofagus spp. (Fagales) and, to a lesser degree, with Eucalyptus spp. and Leptospermum spp. (Myrtales). Xylophilous fungi growing on rotting wood and debris of the before-mentioned trees (considered to be of southern origin) follow their hosts into all ecological niches. Seven distribution maps illustrate the close and often exclusive biological ties between fungus and host plant(s) that are likely to have been functional before Gondwanaland broke up. After the dispersal of the plates, overland migration of agarics and boletes could have taken place but its effectiveness is questioned, at least in the case ofobligate ectomycorrhizal fungi. Panellus ligulatus, Pluteus perroseus, Dermocybe splendida, Phialocybe improvisa and Pholiota multicingulata are described as new, and two new varieties, viz. Mycena helminthobasis var. novaezelandiae and Pluteus /lammipes var. depauperata, are proposed.


This paper presents an original approach for Chemical Engineering laboratory teaching that is currently applied at INP-ENSIACET (France). This approach, referred to as "pilot-unit leading group" is based on a partial management of the laboratories by the students themselves who become temporarily in charge of one specific laboratory. In addition to meeting the classical pedagogic requirements of the laboratories, this teaching method allows the students to actively experience technical project management.


Social engineering has emerged as a serious threat in virtual communities and is an important means to attack information systems. The services used by today's knowledge workers prepare the base for complicated social engineering attacks. Phishing is a kind of technically generated social engineering attack and is the type of identity theft that uses the social engineering techniques and complex attack vectors to harvest financial information from unsuspecting consumers. It is a kind of attack in which phishers use spoofed emails and fraudulent web sites to trick people into giving personal information. Victims perceive these emails as trusted, while in reality they are the work of phishers interested in identity theft. Therefore, there is an urgent need for anti-phishing solutions and hereabout have been identified, a number of solutions to mitigate phishing attacks have been suggested. In this work, a phishing detection method is proposed by using machine learning and data mining techniques. Success rate of %89 has been achieved against phishing attacks coming from email messages.


Abstract This paper is concerned with how to provide easy and effective access to computer databases containing pictures rather than text. Experiences with several types of graphic material suggested that hierarchical menu indexes were unlikely to be effective. What seemed to be required was a probabilistic method which could tolerate a certain amount of error and uncertainty. As a solution, we propose a feature matching approach in which users describe what they want to retrieve. Descriptions are elicited by a set of queries. The system then matches user descriptions with descriptions of items in the database, and responds with the best fitting items. Initial tests suggest that this type of system may have the qualities we were looking for. First, it appears to tolerate errors, in that the user's description may disagree with the database's in a number of ways and still lead to the correct item. Second, it permits uncertainty, in that the user can choose the non-committal response of'maybe' without the r...


This report summarizes and synthesizes the findings of two complementary studies conducted to investigate factors related to enhanced seat belt reminder (ESBR) effectiveness and acceptance. It also provides recommendations for ESBR design and suggests a conceptual rating system for ESBRs. A field observational study found that belt use rates of drivers in vehicles with most types of ESBR systems was about 3 to 4 percentage points higher than drivers in vehicles without ESBRs, whose observed belt use rate was 85 percent. The most significant increases in belt use were found among occupant groups with the lowest belt use propensities. A separate system feature study experimentally compared alternative seat belt reminder systems and displays to determine which systems and components drivers find to be most effective, attention-getting, annoying, and desirable. Systems with more aggressive reminder displays and more frequent repetition patterns were perceived to be the most effective, and sounds were perceived to be more effective than visual displays. Perceived effectiveness and annoyance of individual displays were strongly correlated. There is good agreement between the two studies on the association of a greater likelihood of seat belt use with ESBR systems in general and the importance of including an auditory component to the system. Belt use rates based on averaging estimates for age/gender groups were strongly correlated according to system features. Based on the findings of these two studies, together with other literature, a set of recommendations for effective ESBR design are provided. Based on these criteria, a conceptual rating scheme was developed to provide a numeric figure-of-merit for ESBR systems. The rating scheme is preliminary and will require validation before use. u0911


The concept of psychological ownership (PO) has been increasingly researched in the last years. However, knowledge about the emergence of PO is still scarce. So far, no study has investigated the development of PO in the context of family firms. We aim to investigate the emergence of PO in that context by drawing on the family´s influence on the business as a decisive factor. We thereby elaborate on the effect of family influence on PO, mediated by non-family managers´ perceived control over the company.


Public Goods Games (PGGs) are a standard experimental economic approach to studying cooperative behaviour. There are two types of games: discrete-time and continuous-time PGGs. While discrete-time PGGs (one-shot decisions about contributions to public goods) can be easily done as lab experiments, continuous-time PGGs (where participants can change contributions at any time) are much harder to realise within a lab environment. This is mainly because it is difficult to consider events happening in continuous time in lab experiments. Simulation offers an opportunity to support real-world lab experiments and is well suited to explore continuous-time PGGs. In this paper, we show how to apply our recently developed ABOOMS (Agent-Based Object-Oriented Modelling and Simulation) development framework to create models for simulation-supported continuous-time PGG studies. The ABOOMS framework utilizes Software Engineering techniques to support the development at the macro level (considering the overall study lifecycle) and at the micro level (considering individual steps related to simulation model development). Our case study shows that outputs from the simulation-supported continuous-time PGG generate dynamics that do not exist in discrete-time setting, highlighting the fact that it is important to study both, discrete and continuous-time PGGs.


Fourteen maize inbred lines and forty nine crosses mated by NCⅡdesign were used in the experiment. The genetic effects for seven characters were analyzed with mixed linear model analysis and combining ability analysis. The results showed that the mixed linear model analysis indicated: As for length of tassel, there are dominant and additive and A A epistatic genetic effect, only dominant genetic effect is significant at 0.05 level probability. As for plant height, ear height, width of leaf and length of leaf, there are dominant and A A epistatic genetic effect, and all are significant at 0.01 level probability. As for number of tassel and weight of tassel, there are additive and dominant genetic effect, and all are significant at 0.01 level probability. But combining ability analysis is based on additive dominant model. It reveals that some traits just have additive effect and dominant effect. The differences of genetic variance proportion between mixed model analysis and combining ability analysis are significant. It is suggested by combining ability analysis that the differences of genetic variance component are mainly caused by less estimating genotype-environment interaction, and by more estimating additive effect. The difference of heritability in the broad sense is caused by genotype environment interaction. The difference of heretability in the narrow sense is caused by genotype environment interaction and additive effect/A A effect estimated by the two different methods.


This study review about smart work to appear the use of smart device, and find the management plan for activating of smart work. Our national's smart work that is the best internet environment in worldwide fall behind foreign country. This study offers for the activating strategies of smart work. Fist, it is to change perception about smart work. Second, it should be clear up legal definition and category of smart-work. Third, it is that tighten up security of smart equipment. It is hard to achieve effects, as long as we get used to face-to-face work processing. Based on accurate perception about smart work on both employees and manager, this study suggest that it is important to change perception and to make actively use of smart work.


Abstract

Incidence of thyroid nodules in women living in iodine poor areas has been established to be high. Also it has been shown that; the incidence of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer in patients exposed to radiation during childhood and adolescence is high. In the presence of thyroid nodule; parameters such as the age of the patient, the size of the nodule, thyrotropin levels in the serum, the history of autoimmune thyroid disease, functional analyzes of the nodule (hot/cold), and ultrasonographic findings must be considered and thyroid cancer risk must be determined. Fine needle aspiration biopsy has been a preferred method for the evaluation of thyroid nodules. But certain results in 10-30% of the cases cannot be obtained by cytological evaluation. The approaches to the nodules with indeterminate cytology and the diagnosed to be benign nodules after the fine needle aspiration biopsy have been debatable. The accuracy in thyroid cancer diagnosis has been increased by the cytological classification of Bethesda and evaluation of several markers in cytological specimens. In this review we have focused on the useful parameters in the evaluation of thyroid nodules and their clinical reflections.


Abstract The pyrolysis of n-tetradecane in free droplet vaporization was studied in a laminar flow furnace. Furnace exhaust products were sampled as a function of furnace temperature, process gas flow rate, and droplet spacing. The principal pyrolysis products in a helium environment were C1-C4 hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and soot. The light products were methane, ethane, ethylene, propylene, and acetylene, primarily. PAH were identified using high resolution, quartz capillary gas chromatography and high pressure liquid chromatography. A wide distribution of PAH was found, but most of the PAH contained four fused rings or less. At 600°C the droplets vaporized completely without pyrolysis. At 800°C, all the tetradecane is converted to light gases and PAH are first detected. PAH attain a maximum level near 1100°C before appreciable soot production commences. Pyrolysis product levels are also a strong function of residence time and droplet spacing; maximum PAH levels shift to higher ...


Introduction: Currently, in the world, breast cancer is recognized as one in four malignant neoplasms in women. It is the second most common cause of death in cancer patients. The disease, which is a threat to women's lives, leads to the loss of personal control, during its duration it becomes everyday life with negative emotions such as uncertainty, anxiety and anxiety. Women have contact with a range of negative effects that the disease provides, causing them to resign and destructive to the psychophysical sphere. Disorders in the physical and mental aspect of body image, side effects of therapy, sexual relations with a partner and anxiety about health in the future are factors that have a huge impact on the quality of life of patients. The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life of women with breast cancer. Materials and methods: The quality of life of 40 women with breast cancer who underwent oncological treatment was assessed using the author's questionnaire with 12 questions and QLQ-BR23 questionnaire with 23 questions.. Results and conclusions: Studies have shown that the biggest problem for women was the side effects of the treatment and the most common discomfort during radiation therapy. They are characterized by redness of the skin, general weakness and fatigue, which in turn later translated into, a change in the perception of their body image, a decrease in their attractiveness, a sense of comfort and confidence. The obtained results showed that the lowest quality of life of the respondents was registered in the domain determining future perspectives. The best result was recorded in the domain of sexual pleasure and sexual functioning. When assessing the quality of life of the respondents, it follows that patients with vocational education have a worse quality of life within the domain of breast symptoms. Employed persons surveyed obtained worse quality of life results in terms of sexual functioning and sexual pleasure. Considering the duration of illness of the respondents, there were no statistically significant differences affecting the quality of life.


Abstract : Simplified equations for slender jets are derived for a circular jet of one fluid. flowing into an ambient second fluid, the flow being confined in a circular tank. Inviscid flows are studied which include both surface tension effects and Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. For slender jets a coupled nonlinear system of equations is found for the jet shape and the axial velocity jump across it. The equations can break down after a finite fine and similarity solutions are constructed, and studied analytically and numerically. The break- ups found pertain to the jet pinching after a finite time, without violation of the slender jet ansatz. The system is conservative and admissible singular solutions are those which conserve the total energy, mass and momentum. Such solutions are constructed analytically and numerically, and in the case of vortex sheets with no surface tension certain solutions are given in closed form.... Circular jets, Singularities, Pinching solutions


Physical weathering in cold, steep bedrock hillslopes occurs at rates that are thought to depend on temperature, but our ability to quantify the temperature‐dependence of erosion remains limited when integrating over geomorphic timescales. Here, we present results from a 1D numerical model of in‐situ cosmogenic 10Be, 14C, and 3He concentrations that evolve as a function of erosion rate, erosion style, and ground surface temperature. We used the model to explore the suitability of these nuclides for quantifying erosion rates in areas undergoing non‐steady state erosion, as well as the relationship between bedrock temperature, erosion rate, and erosional stochasticity. Our results suggest that even in stochastically eroding settings, 10Be‐derived erosion rates of amalgamated samples can be used to estimate long‐term erosion rates, but infrequent large events can lead to bias. The ratio of 14C to 10Be can be used to evaluate erosional stochasticity, and to determine the offset between an apparent 10Be‐derived erosion rate and the long‐term rate. Finally, the concentration of 3He relative to that of 10Be, and the paleothermometric interpretations derived from it, are unaffected by erosional stochasticity. These findings, discussed in the context of bedrock hillslopes in mountainous regions, indicate that the 10Be‐14C‐3He system in quartz offers a method to evaluate the temperature‐sensitivity of bedrock erosion rates in cold, high‐alpine environments.


The Fort Payne Formation (Valmeyeran, Mississippian) in the Illinois basin in part grades laterally into the Ullin Limestone and in part thins and pinches out under an increasing thickness of the Ullin. The Fort Payne is a deep-water basin facies consisting of dark colored, siliceous, sparsely fossiliferous, micritic limestone. This facies grades laterally into a deep-water shelf facies of the Ullin composed of light-colored, fine- to coarse-grained, crinoid- and bryozoan-rich bioclastic limestone. In Lawrence and Wabash Counties, Illinois, the shelf-basin transition occurs along the western edge of the La Salle anticline. Significant shelf-basin facies changes also occurred in this same geographic area during Silurian and Devonian deposition. The depositional unit containing the Fort Payne facies thins westward and pinches out at places in Hamilton and Wayne Counties, Illinois. There it is overlain by several hundred feet of light-colored bioclastic Ullin Limestone that is younger than the part of the Ullin that grades laterally into the Fort Payne facies. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1287------------


Real‐time active control of the handedness of circularly polarized light emission requires sophisticated manufacturing and structural reconfigurations of inorganic optical components that can rarely be achieved in traditional passive optical structures. Here, robust and flexible emissive optically‐doped biophotonic materials that facilitate the dynamic optical activity are reported. These optically active bio‐enabled materials with a chiral nematic‐like organization of cellulose nanocrystals with intercalated organic dye generated strong circularly polarized photoluminescence with a high asymmetric factor. Reversible phase‐shifting of the photochromic molecules intercalated into chiral nematic organization enables alternating circularly polarized light emission with on‐demand handedness. Real‐time alternating handedness can be triggered by either remote light illumination or changes in the acidic environment. This unique dynamic chiro‐optical behavior presents an efficient way to design emissive bio‐derived materials for dynamic programmable active photonic materials for optical communication, optical coding, visual protection, and visual adaptation.


Background Indacaterol is a long-acting inhaled b 2 agonist (LABA) for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In previous studies, indacaterol provided 24 h bronchodilation on once-daily dosing with a fast onset of action. This study compared the efficacy and safety of indacaterol with the twice-daily LABA formoterol and placebo over 1 year. Methods Patients with moderate to severe COPD were randomised to receive once-daily indacaterol 300 m g (n ¼ 437) or 600 m g (n ¼ 428), twice-daily formoterol 12 m g (n ¼ 435) or placebo (n ¼ 432) for 52 weeks in a double-blind double-dummy parallel group study. The primary efficacy variable was forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) measured 24 h postdose after 12 weeks (indacaterol vs placebo). Other outcomes included dyspnoea (transition dyspnoea index, TDI), use of as-needed salbutamol, symptom-based measures recorded on diary cards, exacerbations, health status (St George's Respiratory Questionnaire), BODE index (body mass index, obstruction, dyspnoea, exercise), safety and tolerability. Results Indacaterol increased 24 h postdose FEV 1 after 12 weeks by 170 ml (both doses) versus placebo and by 100 ml versus formoterol (all p < 0.001). These significant differences were maintained at 52 weeks. Symptomatic outcomes were improved compared with placebo


Many different system types retrogradely precess, and retrograde precession could be from a tidal torque by the secondary on a misaligned accretion disk. However, a source that causes and maintains disk tilt is unknown. In this work, we show that accretion disks can tilt due to a force called lift. Lift results from differing gas stream supersonic speeds over and under an accretion disk. Because lift acts at the disk's center of pressure, a torque is applied around a rotation axis passing through the disk's center of mass. The disk responds to lift by pitching around the disk's line of nodes. If the gas stream flow ebbs, then lift also ebbs and the disk attempts to return to its original orientation. To first approximation, lift does not depend on magnetic fields or radiation sources but does depend on the mass and the surface area of the disk. Also, for disk tilt to be initiated, a minimum mass transfer rate must be exceeded. For example, a 10−11 M☉ disk around a 0.8 M☉ compact central object requires a mass transfer rate greater than ˜ 8 × 10−11 M☉ yr−1, a value well below the known mass transfer rates in cataclysmic variable dwarf novae systems that retrogradely precess and exhibit negative superhumps in their light curves and a value well below mass transfer rates in protostellar-forming systems.


Marked by a very short season, California's 2013 cherry harvest started in early May and ended the season in June with overall lighter supplies. Production has transitioned to the U.S. northwest where tighter supplies are also anticipated, particularly in Washington State. Frosts and heavy rains earlier this spring and additional rains in late June have reduced the State's 2013 production potential. Lighter supplies in California and Washington State are supporting upward pressure on 2013 domestic cherry prices with an additional boost from strong exports of California cherries.


This bachelor work is focused on the non-profit sector in the Czech republic. It includes definitions of the basic terms, contains a characteristic of non-profit organizations, the issue of their founding, establishment and downfall of organizations, as well as authorities and management of NGOs and last but not least, the principles of funding. The practical part is focused on non-profit organization Youth For Christ Immanuel, citizens association, which operates Immanuel Conference Centre.


The origin, nature and timing of prehistoric human activity on the Tibetan Plateau has become a major research topic in recent years, and great progress has been made in the study of the earliest human activity on the plateau and in the origin of modern Tibetans. The earliest human presence on the plateau has been updated by two important new studies. Rich blade assemblages found in the excavation of the Nwya Devu site shows that modern humans occupied the interior region of the Tibetan Plateau, above 4600 m a.s. l., some 30−40 thousand years ago. Recently, a study of a human mandible fossil found in Xiahe County, Gansu Province, in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, indicated that Denisovans occupied the Tibetan Plateau at least 160000 years ago, much earlier than the arrival of modern humans to the region. The latter study also implies that the high-altitude adaptation gene, which occurs widely among modern Tibetans and Sherpa, was probably contributed by local archaic humans, like the Xiahe Denisovans. These two studies not only point to the long and complex human history in the Tibetan Plateau, but they also indicate the complexity of human evolution in the Middle and Late Pleistocene in East Asia. Whether early Holocene hunter-gatherers had already permanently settled on the Tibetan Plateau before the arrival of millet and barley agriculture after the middle Holocene, has become another major research topic in the study of the prehistoric human history of the Tibetan Plateau. However, due to the current lack of reliable evidence for the seasonality of Paleolithic site occupations in the Tibetan Plateau, the issue remains difficult to resolve. The origin of modern Tibetans has been debated for decades. A new linguistic study of the phylogeny and the time depth of the original divergence of the Sino-Tibetan language, based on Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of 109 languages, indicates that Sino-Tibetan languages diverged during some 4200 to 7800 years ago, which points to Neolithic population dispersals to the Tibetan Plateau and their close relationship with modern Tibetans. In addition, a new genetic study, based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analyses of 8277 Tibetans and 58514 individuals from the surrounding populations, has traced the genetic legacy of modern Tibetans to the historical or even Neolithic periods. Calculation of the time depth of the two common haplogroups in modern Tibetans found in this study, implies that these two groups of populations originated in northern China between 6000 and 10000 years ago and differentiated between 4000 and 5200 years ago. Both of these studies are consistent with previous archaeological studies which propose that Neolithic and Bronze Age populations moved to the Tibetan Plateau from a substantial considerable of areas in North China. More importantly, the two studies further confirm the close relationships between Neolithic millet farmers and modern Tibetans, clarifying the origin of modern Tibetans. There have also been several new Paleolithic archaeological studies of the regions surrounding the Tibetan Plateau. A deeper understanding of the Initial Upper Paleolithic in North China, Mongolia and Siberia, and new findings of the Levallois technology in the Jinsitai and Tongtian cave sites in North China, indicate a dispersal route of Paleolithic populations from the north to the Tibetan Plateau. Other studies also propose possible population migration routes in the southeastern and southwestern plateau, although archaeological evidence is currently lacking. Together with the new Paleolithic archaeological findings for the Tibetan Plateau, it appears that different human groups, including Denisovans, Neanderthals and modern humans, were living in or around the Tibetan Plateau during the Middle to Late Pleistocene. Although recent studies provide new clues for understanding their inter-relationships, additional questions have arisen, and more multidisciplinary studies are needed in the future to address them. Above all, these new studies are crucial for understanding the mechanisms by which prehistoric humans spread to and in the Tibetan Plateau, and their adaptation to the high elevation environments. In addition, they shed new light on the origin of modern humans, as well as on human evolution in East Asia during the Middle and Late Pleistocene.


The article is devoted to the study of social and psychological adaptation of foreign students to the educational process in Russian universities. The author attempts to analyze the factors affecting the success and duration of cross-cultural adaptation. The author concludes that a success of student's adaptation to the new socio-cultural environment depends not so much on the time of stay in the country, as on personal characteristics of a respondent. The high level of adaptation is achieved through communicative competence, active life position, readiness to accept norms and rules of the new environment, positive attitude, belief in one's own power. Successful adaptation is promoted not only by the development of social interaction skills, but also by their combination with an active process of reflection that leads to realization of one's own behavior strategies and casual attribution.


Abstractive text summarization is a complex task whose goal is to generate a concise version of a text without necessarily reusing the sentences from the original source, but still preserving the meaning and the key contents. In this position paper we address this issue by modeling the problem as a sequence to sequence learning and exploiting Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN). Moreover, we discuss the idea of combining RNNs and probabilistic models in a unified way in order to incorporate prior knowledge, such as linguistic features. We believe that this approach can obtain better performance than the state-of-the-art models for generating well-formed summaries.


One of the major functions of the female reproductive tract (FRT) is the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy, resulting in healthy offspring. Although many pathogens (e.g. Chlamydia spp.) infect the FRT, no vaccines against these pathogens have been licensed to date. This lack of success has been in part attributed to the inability of the FRT to efficiently internalize antigens. We showed that FRT epithelium of mice can internalize nanoparticles (NPs) < 40 nm and that protein coated 20 nm NPs prime the intestinal mucosa for secretion of IgA. This finding led us to hypothesize that NPs reach the GI tract following per-vaginal (PV) instillation. Using multiphoton and fluorescence microscopy, we show that PV-instilled antigens (DAPI, Dextran, NPs) reach the stomach antrum and the small intestine within 1–3 h. It is proposed that Chlamydia spp. colonizes the GI tract following PV instillation by entering the circulation. We show that colonization of the GI tract by C. muridarum is dependent on cell transport. While within 7 days of PV infection Chlamydia colonizes the GI tract of controls, while no Chlamydia can be detected in iliac lymph nodes (ILNs) or GI tracts of CCR7−/− mice. Moreover, treatment of mice with FTY720 inhibits colonization of the GI tract, but it does not preclude infection of ILNs by Chlamydia. This finding indicates that Chlamydia transport from the ILNs to the GI tract depends on sphingosine 1-phosphate-mediated cell egress. Elucidation of mechanisms by which C. muridarum disseminates systemically to colonize the lymphoid tissues and the GI tract will be important for understanding both the immunity to and pathogenesis of Chlamydia spp.


NK Cell subpopulations express tremendous diversity through polymorphisms, haplotypes, differential expression, and licensing of the Killer Immunoglobulin-like Receptors (KIR). KIR diversity affects both the predisposition to cancer, and the response to therapies such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Clinical trials that take advantage of the anti-cancer properties of NK cells have been limited to choosing donors on the basis of KIR genotypes and/or HLA haplotypes. Moreover, adoptive immunotherapy approaches have been limited by low NK cell doses. The latter hurdle has been recently mitigated by methods for expanding clinical grade NK cells ex vivo . These approaches for growing large numbers of cells now enable investigation into selecting more potent NK cell subsets for increased therapeutic efficacy. We hypothesized that the desired KIR repertoire could be molded through inhibition of undesirable KIR populations by crosslinking with relevant anti-KIR antibodies during expansion with our previously described method, which produces a mean 30,000-fold expansion of NK cells in 3 weeks. First, we determined that maximum inhibition was obtained when anti-KIR antibodies were applied to previously activated NK cells, crosslinked with secondary antibody, and then restimulated for proliferation. Robust reduction of targeted KIR-positive populations could be achieved for each inhibitory KIR (Fig. 1). When pre-activated with anti-KIR2DL1 for one stimulation cycle, NK cells expressing this KIR were decreased by a median of 70.4% ± 19.3%. Similarly, KIR2DL2/3+ NK cells could be reduced by 56% ± 17.5%, and KIR3DL1+ NK cells could be reduced by 53.5% ± 16.3%. When anti-KIR antibodies were combined, similar suppression of multiple-KIR subpopulations was observed. Other NK cell receptors were not significantly affected during targeted KIR inhibition. We then assessed the resulting NK cell populations for degranulation responses to targets with selected HLA as KIR ligands. Inhibition of KIR-expressing subpopulations during expansion resulted in NK cell populations with enhanced degranulation against tumor cells expressing the HLA ligand of the targeted KIR. Importantly, the cytotoxicity of the bulk NK cell population against HLA-negative targets remained. These results indicate that KIR crosslinking during NK cell propagation enables significant reduction in the targeted KIR subpopulations, resulting in an NK cell population with a selective decrease in KIR inhibition. By utilizing antibody-controlled expansion for molding of the KIR repertoire according to patient HLA type, a personalized NK cell product may be produced with enhanced potency, improving NK cell immunotherapy. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The 4-oxo-2-thioxopyridines 2 and 6-oxo-2-thioxopyridines 3 have been synthesized via the reaction of cyanothioacetamide and arylidenecyanoacetic ester. Thioxopyridines 2 was reacted with acetic anhydride, hydrazine hydrate, chloroacetonitrile and sodium hypochlorite/ammonia to yield N, N- diacetylpyridin-6-thione 4, pyrazolopyridin-6-thione 5, furopyridin-6-thione 6 and isoxazolpyridin-6-thione 7, respectively. Treatment of 6 with sodium ethoxide gave 8, while, reaction of 2 with ethyl chloroacetate yielded 9 and 10 according to the reaction conditions. When 2 was allowed to react with POCl3/PCl5, it afforded 13. Treatment of 9 with hydrazine hydrate furnished 11 which reacted with p-chlorobenzaldehyde to yield 12. Reaction of 2 and 3 with methyl iodide produced 14 and 15 respectively. When hydrazine hydrate was allowed to react with 15 it gave 16. Finally, boiling of 2 and 3 in cumene in the presence of copper bronze yielded the disulfide derivatives 17 and 18 respectively. Biological screening of some new synthesized compounds were determined in vitro using gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains.


Non-linear output characteristics of PV array are discussed,and then a radial base function neural network optimized by genetic algorithm is applied to maximum power point tracking for PV array.Simulation and test results demonstrate that the proposed method can not only perfectly resolve the problem of random selection of RBF cluster center number and width value,but also have better accuracy and adaptability than traditional RBF method.


Quality and proportional health care is a dream for every Indonesian, because it is closely related to one aspect of basic human needs fulfilment. In addition, the commitment of the service providers, especially in the Sempaja Urban Village of Samarinda in supporting the implementation of government programs through Kartu Indonesia Sehat (KIS). The commitment is realized with the ease in the process of making KIS, but there are still some commitments that have not met patient satisfaction between service quality and KIS system offered to the community. In addition to commitment, community perceptions related to the KIS program to establish the health of the main thing for humans can be emphasized in the community that KIS is a health insurance that acts as a preventive effort. In the selection of Sempaja urban village of Samarinda on healthy card analysis Indonesia as one form of distribution of health programs outside Java


A medical capsule micro robot model with radial clearance compensation function driven by external rotating magnetic field is proposed.The magnetic drive characteristics are studied and the mathematical model of magnetic torque is established.Based on the resistance torque characteristics of robot in liquid,the non-synchronized rotational speed phe- nomenon caused by magnetic drive torque to overcome liquid resistance torque is studied,and the relationship between non-synchronized rotational speed and screw parameters is analyzed.Swimming experiments show that non-synchronized rotational speed phenomenon doesn't happen in the robot magnetic driving system,and propulsion and resistance torque of the capsule robot can be controlled with radial clearance adjustment.


Author(s): Villarreal, Michaela Nicole | Advisor(s): Russell, Christopher T | Abstract: The Gamma Ray and Neutron Detector (GRaND) onboard the Dawn spacecraft is sensitive to energetic protons, energetic electrons, and strong magnetic fields. This allows us to probe the local space environment while Dawn was in orbit about Vesta and Ceres. Understanding how these planets interact with the solar wind provides information about properties of the planetary surface and its interior. At Vesta, we searched for evidence of a past dynamo by attempting to indirectly detect remanent crustal fields. We scanned the GRaND data for solar wind electrons reflected by local crustal fields and by sensing effects of the magnetic field on the BGO spectrum. We did not find any evidence for reflected electrons or shifts in the BGO spectrum caused by magnetism associated with Vesta. Based on the sensitivity of the instrument, we conclude the upper bound for the magnetic dipole moment to be 6*10^8 Tm^3. At Ceres, we have interpreted sudden bursts of energetic electrons detected by GRaND to be an electron foreshock produced by reflection and acceleration of solar wind electrons encountering a bow shock surface. This phenomenon occurred on a timescale of ~10 days, suggesting the bow shock to be a transient feature, most likely produced by a temporary exosphere. We show that a temporary exosphere at Ceres can be produced by solar energetic particle events which are capable of sputtering water ice from the surface.


People gave birth to their children,but did not nurture them.This custom was quite prevalent in the two Song Dynasties.It is rarely seen in Chinese history that it had existed for so long and covered a quite large area.It was mainly because of peasants' poverty,collection of poll tax,restriction of inheritance of property,prevalence of marrying daughters at high cost,and disasters.Such custom restricted the growth of labor force in some regions and brought about the disproportionality between male and female.At the same time,it caused more criminal cases and corrupted social morals.


Machine punching and embossing a trimming device (3) the remains of a sheet (6) punch and die, wherein the device (3) has a stripping plate (15) to place the sheets (6) and with gripper devices chains (8) fixed to circulatory chains (7) taking the sheets (6) by its front edge and then intermittently make pass through the cutting station (3) and other stations (2, 4) the machine (1), characterized in that the plate cutout (15) in the inlet zone (21) of the sheets (6) and before the suction ports (20) is arranged at least one sliding row of louvers suction (22) perpendicular to the flow direction of the sheets, which can be loaded from below with a depression.


The impact of gestational diabetes mellitus GDM is severe since it is directly associated with the detrimental intra-uterine environment, which may lead to enhanced risk of development of fetal metabolic disorders and affects mother and offspring both. Plant derived polyphenols are reported for their protective roles against a variety of human diseases; however, the impact of adherence to polyphenols on the risk of GDM has not been exhaustively reviewed.

Aim of this review is to summarize relevant studies linking polyphenols and polyphenol rich dietary patterns by carefully considering the mechanisms of their action to the risk of GDM and its management.

 Data from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Springer online databases and updates from the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) were studied.

Present review provides a comprehensive report on the association between plant polyphenols and lower risk of GDM, suggesting that polyphenol-rich dietary patterns may be important in preventing the development of GDM and its healthy management.