With the rise of powerful and miniature wireless technology, there are more methods of controlling interactive video games than ever before. Three main dimensions of controller quality were identified: naturalness, the degree to which a controller replicates embodied action in a game; pointing performance, the degree to which a controller allows the player to quickly and accurately convey directional input; and comfort, the degree to which a controller has a practical shape and button layout. These categories corresponded loosely to three different classes of controllers: natural controllers, which include motion controllers such as the Nintendo Wii Remote and experience-recreating devices such as steering wheels; mouse/keyboard configurations, used most frequently in competitive PC gaming; and traditional two-handed thumbstick controllers, the most signature design that has existed for decades, and the one that appears on all current-generation video game consoles. A literature review aimed to understand which considerations led to the best overall game controller experience. It was found that no single style of physical controller results in uniformly better experiences than the others; rather, each style has dimensions where it excels, and other dimensions where its design limits the experience. Though thumbstick controllers in particular do not seem to excel in every dimension, it is proposed that their comparative versatility has led to their widespread dominance in the industry today. A SURVEY OF GAME CONTROLLER DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 3 Total Control: A Survey of Modern Video Game Controller Design Considerations Video games are a rich, immersive form of entertainment. They model all sorts of universes, spanning from very lifelike to very foreign: car racing games with first-person perspectives can commendably recreate the experience of driving, while puzzle-solving games often create abstract layouts and rules that would not be easily modeled in the physical world. Because of this diversity, game controllers are often designed to accommodate a wide variety of game content, but it is unclear if such a "genre agnostic" controller leads to the best experience in all cases. Video games are interactive by definition, and as electronics technology has improved and diversified, so have the ways to interact with digital games. Video game interface devices today take many forms: players interact with games via touchscreens, computer keyboards and mice, wireless thumbstick controllers, joysticks, racing wheels, motion-sensing handheld controllers, virtual reality (VR) headsets, television-mounted cameras, and more. This paper samples pertinent research in an attempt to better understand design considerations of modern video game controllers. It focuses on determining whether or not there is a single controller design that seems to be universally ideal for player satisfaction. Research indicates that there is no one controller design that is optimal for all game domains; rather, the different dimensions of naturalness, pointing performance, and comfort all influence the ideal layout of a controller. Literature Review Naturalness The first dimension of controller quality is perceived naturalness, or the degree to which the control scheme makes the player feel like the digital experience mimics its real-life counterpart. A SURVEY OF GAME CONTROLLER DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 4 The principle of embodied cognition states that a player's own thoughts and interpretations of a video game experience will be influenced by his or her own body's position and movement. If a controller allows a player to move his or her hands and body in a more realistic way, that will lead to a stronger interpretation of the game approximating a real-life experience. Skalski et al. (2010) studied the link between mapping, mental models, game controller naturalness and game enjoyment. The concept of mapping in this context is similar to embodied cognition: it is "the manner in which the actions performed by users of interactive media are connected to corresponding changes in the mediated environment" (Skalski et al., 2010). It is suggested that a greater degree of mapping will lead to greater controller naturalness. Mental models are defined as "cognitive representations of situations in real or imagined worlds" (Skalski et al., 2010). Earlier research suggests that controller naturalness leads to a quicker recall of mental models of real-world behavior, leading to greater spatial presence in the game (Tamborini & Skalski, 2006). Skalski et al. (2010) focused their study on perceived naturalness of controllers for games with mapping. When participants played a car racing game, the authors found that a steering wheel controller was perceived as more natural than keyboard, joystick and gamepad controllers (Skalski et al., 2010). The three non-realistic control schemes did not demonstrate significantly different levels of realism. The study also determined that spatial presence did not predict game enjoyment, contrary to the authors' hypothesis; however, controller naturalness was a predictor of both spatial presence and game enjoyment (Skalski et al., 2010). In summary, controller naturalness improves the game experience in two ways: it aids recall of mental models, increasing spatial presence; and it increases game enjoyment. These findings reinforce the intuitive assumption that the more realistically a controller mimics a video game, the more realistic the experience will feel, and the more enjoyable it will be. A SURVEY OF GAME CONTROLLER DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 5 McGloin & Farrar (2011) built on the preceding research, studying the link between video game controller naturalness, spatial presence, and perceived realism. Their study measured the enjoyment of a tennis video game while using the PlayStation DualShock 3 controller (thumbstick design; no natural mapping to playing tennis) versus the Nintendo Wii Remote (motion-based; natural mapping to swinging a tennis racket). Their results demonstrated that the Wii Remote's mapping scheme was more natural than the DualShock 3, leading spatial presence and perceived realism to be reported higher when using the Wii Remote (McGloin & Farrar, 2011). These results were stronger than those of Skalski et al. (2010), whose studies could not determine whether or not perceived realism increased or not with natural controller mappings. Pointing Performance The second dimension of controller quality is pointing performance, or the degree to which a controller allows the player to quickly and accurately convey pointing input. Gamers who want to perform at the highest standard possible need to possess the mental skill to play a game successfully, as well as the physical skill to make intricate maneuvers with their controller. The extent to which a controller aids or gets in the way of these intricate maneuvers is paramount in competitive play. Speed and accuracy of controller input can be summarized by the concept of throughput: technically a measure of information in bits per second, but generally a succinct measurement of speed and accuracy of movement performance. Controllers that offer the maximum possible throughput will offer the best precision and accuracy for players, therefore being preferred for contexts where maximum playing performance is desired. Natapov, Castellucci & MacKenzie (2009) studied the throughput of pointing tasks with three different styles of controllers: the standard computer mouse, the Nintendo Wii Remote, and the Nintendo Wii Classic Controller. Each style uses a different mechanism to move a pointer: the A SURVEY OF GAME CONTROLLER DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 6 mouse tracks small wrist movements on a flat surface, the Wii Remote tracks larger arm and wrist movements pointing towards a screen, and the Classic Controller uses omnidirectional thumbsticks. They used an experimental design based on Fitts' law, a mathematical relationship that predicts the time to reach a target given its size and distance away from a starting point. Specifically, the ISO 9241-9 standard was used for a multi-directional tapping task to calculate throughput in bits per second (Natapov et al., 2009). It was found that the mouse outperformed both of the game controllers in the pointing task, performing 31.5% better than the Wii Remote and 60.8% better than the Classic Controller (Natapov et al., 2009). Furthermore, the mouse demonstrated the lowest error rate. The authors concluded that thumbsticks are not especially wellsuited for point-select tasks, despite their presence on many modern controllers (Natapov et al., 2009). Klochek & MacKenzie (2006) presented five new performance metrics to help quantify the differences in throughput between game controllers. In doing so, they provided greater insight into why the mouse is generally measured to be more precise than the thumbstick controller. Interestingly, in their own study, they observed that both the mouse and the thumbstick controller could track a target in 3D space equally well. However, the mouse's greater movement acceleration allowed users to correct errors more readily, leading to better overall tracking performance (Klochek & MacKenzie, 2006). The authors justified this by explaining that enacting a large acceleration of a short duration is especially difficult with a thumbstick, requiring quick movement away from, and then back to, the neutral resting point of the thumbstick (Klochek & MacKenzie, 2006). The mouse's comparatively high acceleration and lack of default resting position made this task easier. A SURVEY OF GAME CONTROLLER DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 7 Comfort The third dimension of controller quality is comfort, or the degree to which a controller has a practical shape and button layout. Controllers are often used for hours at a time, and therefore maximum ergonomic sensibility will lead to greater enjoyment and less fatigue. Several factors affec


e21693Background: Fusions involving the REarranged during Transfection (RET) gene are known oncogenic drivers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The patient profile is distinct from a genomical...


We investigate the nature of ultra faint dwarf spheroidal galaxies (UF dSphs) in a general cosmological context, simultaneously accounting for various ``classical'' dSphs and Milky Way (MW) properties, including their metallicity distribution function (MDF). Our model successfully reproduces both the observed [Fe/H]-luminosity relation and the mean MDF of UFs. According to our results, UFs are the living fossils of H2-cooling minihalos formed at z>8.5, i.e. before the end of reionization. They are the oldest and the most dark matter-dominated (M/L>100) dSphs in the MW system, with total masses of M = 107-8 Msolar. The model allows us to interpret the different shapes of UF and classical dSph MDFs along with the frequency of extremely metal-poor stars in these objects. We discuss the ``missing satellites problem'' by comparing UF star formation efficiencies with those derived for minihalos in the Via Lactea simulation.


Background: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is a severe manifestation of coronary artery disease, classified into unstable angina (UA), non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). In-hospital mortality in patients with ACS remains high despite the advancement of therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of in-hospital mortality among ACS patients in West Java, Indonesia. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study analyzed retrospective secondary data of ACS patients who died during hospitalization in the period of July 2018 to June 2019 that were recorded in the ACS


Introduction: In patients with atrial fibrillation, pulmonary embolism and right atrial (RA) thrombus are less common than stroke and left atrial (LA) thrombus. Prior studies have linked thrombus formation to decreased blood flow velocity (stasis) promoting blood clotting. We hypothesized LA stasis is more evident than RA stasis. Methods: Whole heart 4D flow MRI was performed in n=70 subjects: 33 AF patients in sinus rhythm (SR) during imaging (AF-SR, age = 62±10 years), 29 AF patients in AF (AF-afib, age = 67±12 years), and 8 age-matched controls (age = 59±5 years). 3D segmentation (MIMICS, Materialise, USA) of the LA and RA geometry was performed to calculate the flow velocity distribution for all atrial voxels and cardiac time frames. Velocity histograms normalized by the total number of entries (figure 1A) were used to assess mean and median atrial velocities and the % of LA and RA with velocities Results: Compared to controls (LA = 0.20±0.2m/s, RA = 0.19±0.02m/s), both LA and RA velocities were significantly reduced in AF-SR (LA = 0.16±0.03m/s, RA = 0.16±0.04m/s, p Conclusions: In both controls and AF patients, there was no evidence for increased stasis in the LA vs RA. Although stasis likely contributes to clot formation, other factors such as atrial geometry in combination with individual LA vs. RA flow differences may account for the more prevalent formations in the LA vs. the RA.


Oil palm plantations in Riau Province are profitable for regional and state revenues which are intended for the welfare of the community. On the other hand, oil palm plantations leave agrarian problems, especially the conflict between Senama Grandma Village and PTPN V Sei Kencana over an area of 2,800 hectares. The aims of this research are (1) to identify social movement strategies towards conflict resolution, (2) a community-based approach, (3) a conflict resolution model through mediation which is analyzed by qualitative descriptive analysis. Based on the results of the research, it is known that the strategy of this social movement is that the community does not have an external organization to fight for but is a genuine movement from within them by lobbying the local government to help find solutions, taking actions with companies to the governor's office so that their land returns, using parties the third, namely local and central government in the search for solutions. A community-based approach in which the company provides assistance to the local community so that their relationship remains good and they need each other. The solution model with mediation is carried out by bringing together the two disputing parties to convey their respective demands and mediated by the regional government as well as the central government, until finally the solution to this problem was sparked by the President of the Republic of Indonesia on May 3 2019 at the state palace by creating the TORA program.


Performance-oriented design is not without precedent. In the past, architecture responded with great sophistication and beauty to the need to preserve local resources and provide diverse and suitable conditions for human habitation. In the current context of escalating environmental and ecological changes, learning from precedents and developing their potential is becoming increasingly important. However, many architects refuse to look back in fear of returning to an imagined medieval condition, preferring instead to invest in the technologies that lie at the core of the environmental change and spatial and social division, which we may no longer be able to afford. In response to these circumstances, Michael Hensel examines the potential of past approaches to passive environmental modulation as a reworked spatial paradigm for design that interrelates material, spatial and environmental dynamics with dynamic patterns of habitation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In this paper, we present a simple method of fabricating the hot embossing tools using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The tools are then used to fabricate microfluidic systems in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) of various aspect ratios. A negative photoepoxy (SU-8) or thick positive (AZ4620) photoresist on silicon is used as a molding template for the casting process to obtain a negative of the desired features in PDMS. The fabrication time of these PDMS tools is typically less and remains the same for realizing low as well as high aspect ratio features. This processing technique was used to fabricate microchannels over a wide range of aspect ratios in PMMA. This approach offers many advantages compared to the conventional methods of fabricating hot embossing tools including rapid processing, reduction in complexity and cost. This technique can also be extended to create orthogonal 3-D microfluidic systems in various thermoplastics.


The paper analyses the conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia over
 Nagorno-Karabakh from the point of view of the jurisprudence of the European
 Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) regarding the violation of human rights of the
 warring parties directly related to the disputed territory. The European
 system of human rights protection is one of the greatest European
 achievements in the field of law, especially if we keep in mind that its
 judgments are binding on the signatories of the European Convention on Human
 Rights and Freedoms (ECHR), thus giving it suprajudicial power. Through the
 analysis of two cases, Sargsyan vs Azerbaijan and Chiragov and others vs
 Armenia, the Court addressed some very interesting issues that may encourage
 different interpretations of the European Convention on Human Rights and
 Freedoms (ECHR), but also directly affect the resolution of the
 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. In this regard, the analysis of the (non)
 existence of the right of the people of Nagorno- Karabakh to
 self-determination is especially interesting and significant. The author
 concludes that the ECtHR in its judgments has taken certain positions that
 may be of great importance in resolving the status of Nagorno-Karabakh
 before the international community and international organisations.


This paper presents the dynamic analysis of flat slab buildings using macro modeling method to evaluate their progressive collapse resistance. In these analyzes, the post-punching behavior of slab-column connections is considered. The presence of lateral restraints, by development compressive membrane force in the slab, increases the stiffness and flexural strength of the slab and ultimately increases the punching shear strength. In continuous slabs, the lateral restraint is provided by the slab itself. In experimental testing, part of the flat slab structure is typically extracted in the tests due to cost reduction and limited test space, and an additional load is applied to the slab edges to simulate the influence of the surrounding slabs. The effect of compressive membrane action and surrounding slabs on the response of flat slab structures was investigated using a validated macro-model. The findings of the study indicate that the slab 's compressive membrane force enhances the ultimate load bearing capacity in the column removal scenario. This increase in bearing capacity of the structure is, of course, not proportional to the increase in punching resistance in slab-column connections. The results also indicate that ignoring the lateral restraint effect of the surrounding slabs underestimates the capacity of the substructure for load redistribution. It is suggested that rotational restraints be placed on the slab edges in order to simulate the effect of surrounding slabs on the behavior of the substructure.


This paper argues that change processes in psychotherapy can be understood more clearly by comparing them with other change-inducing social relationships. In showing how this may be done, different social interactions (e.g. religion, parenting, education, politics, coaching, and sales) are described and discussed in terms of a parsimonious set of common factors in change. The importance of the cross-fertilisation of psychotherapy and other fields is stressed, and research recommendations are offered.


This study presents sediment transport characteristics and sediment related problems in the Ayeyarwady River first and the proper use of dikes to keep the navigable flow depth in a main channel of braided channels is discussed. The study reach is 25 km long around Mandalay City along the Ayeyarwady River in Myanmar. The depth integrated two dimensional bed deformation analysis has been performed to understand the change of the flow pattern and bed deformation characteristics in braided channels. The bed deformation analysis is carried out under two conditions such as with dike and without dike installation. In case of the simulation with dikes, installation of the dikes in bifurcated channels is effective to suppress the temporal change of the main channel which is used for ship navigation. It is considered that these dikes would be effectively reduced the dredging frequency.


Some properties of starches from three naked barley cultivars(Songhak, Youngsan and Jinan 56) were compared. No significant differences in water-binding capacity, amylose content, relative crystallinity, swelling power and gelatinization degree at various pasting temperatures among cultivars were observed. However, starches showed characteristic viscograph indices and viscosity development patterns in aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. Songhak starch exhibited the lowest pasting temperature and was the most resist to alkali gelatinization.


The clergy of ajaccio's diocese becomes quickly overcrowded when switching from the old regime to the concordat system without major disruption. Nevertheless it stays unevenly educated and strongly italianised due to the distance of the island, remaining apart from the france of the first third of the nineteeth century. On and after the monarchy of july, the religious outburst is materialised by the creation of parishes and the construction of several churches. At the same time, the growth of congregations and the arrival of a clergy better educated within the seminary opening in 1835, promote an improvment of the supervision of the faithful. The politico-religious dispute of the last quarter of the nineteeth century and the boundary between the church and state weaken the clergy, itself already divided, in the beginning of the twentieth century. For a long time, the insularity kept the corsican clergy apart from the continental one, but the concordat regime used that as an instrument to frenchity the island even more when corsica joined the second empire. However, the clergy keeps strong religious and cultural ties with italy, encouraging two (italian and french) languages of culture, in particular in its religious writing but also in its secular ones. Even moreso, in the catechism end preaching, the clergy does not renonce to dispense the chistian message in the corsican anguage, the only one understood by the entire population. Nevertheless, the maintenance of an insular culture does not help a loyal adherence to the french nation.


A novel nanolabel based on gold nanoparticle modified with anti-Escherichia coli (E. coli) per- oxidase (HRP)-conjugated antibody has been developed. It was used for enhanced electrochemical immu- noanalysis of E. coli. After the immuno-reaction, gold nanolabel, immunoparamagnetic bead (IMB) and E. coli formed a sandwich-type immunocomplex. 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) was used as substrate for HRP in the presence of H2O2 and the enzyme activity of HRP was measured by electrochemical detection coupled with flow injection assay (FIA). The concentration of E. coli could be confirmed by amperometric response, which was in proportion to the quantity of HRP on the sandwich-type immunocomplex. Gold nanoparticles were used as carriers of antibodies resulting in the increase of antibodies attached to E. coli. Therefore, the amperometric signal was enhanced and the detection sensitivity of E. coli was improved greatly. It showed a good linear relationship between the amperometric responses and logarithmic value of E. coli concentration ranging from 1.0×10 2 to 5.0×10 4 cfumL -1 , with a detection limit of 50 cfumL


Long-term construction of digitalized teaching resources is the basic content of information technology teaching.In order to ensure the digitalized teaching resources can be constructed steady and lasting, this paper discusses several aspects of incentive mechanism and incentive measures concisely, based on rule and regulation, material demand, psychological expectation, value recognition, career development.


This text attempts to identify the causes of back problems and outlines how to prevent or eliminate them. Much like a patient advancing through Dr. McGill's stages of rehabilitation, the text follows a logical progression with subsequent chapters building on previously established concepts. The early chapters review the functional anatomy and injury mechanisms of the lumbar spine while challenging many commonly held beliefs and laying the foundation for the rest of text. The middle section outlines how to reduce the stressors that can cause low back disorders with guidelines for both worker and employer. The final chapters focus on a Five-Stage Back Training Program, beginning with identifying faulty movement patterns utilizing provocation tests then progressing to building stability and endurance using variations of Dr. McGill's "big three" exercises.

The text's strength lays in the author's research background and the labs that he has developed, which he frequently relies upon when determining spinal loads and when suggesting preventative or rehabilitative strategies. From a chiropractic perspective, a discussion on the role of manipulation in rehabilitation would have been valuable. Little is said about chiropractic other than noting that a small group of patients may benefit from initial mobilization while warning that many make the mistake of trying to mobilize an already unstable joint. Regardless, this text offers a systematic and evidence-based approach to addressing low back disorders that should be read in its entirety and then used as a reference tool by practitioners incorporating exercises into their treatments.


Networked News, Racial Divides: How Power and Privilege Shape Public Discourse in Progressive Communities By Sue Robinson, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2018, 266 pp., $29.99/£23.99 (Pbk), ISBN: 9781108412322 Robert E. Gutsche Jr. To cite this article: Robert E. Gutsche Jr. (2020): Networked News, Racial Divides: How Power and Privilege Shape Public Discourse in Progressive Communities, Digital Journalism, DOI: 10.1080/21670811.2020.1817764 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2020.1817764


Thank you very much for reading seepage and groundwater flow. As you may know, people have look numerous times for their favorite readings like this seepage and groundwater flow, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some infectious virus inside their laptop. seepage and groundwater flow is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our books collection hosts in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the seepage and groundwater flow is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Background Monitoring adults with classical 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) is challenging due to variation in clinical and laboratory settings. Moreover, guidelines for adrenal imaging in 21OHD are not yet available. We evaluated the relationship between adrenal morphology and disease control status in classical 21OHD. Methods This retrospective, cross-sectional study included 90 adult 21OHD patients and 270 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. We assessed adrenal volume, width, and tumor presence using abdominal computed tomography and evaluated correlations of adrenal volume and width with hormonal status. We investigated the diagnostic performance of adrenal volume and width for identifying well-controlled status in 21OHD patients (17α-hydroxyprogesterone [17-OHP] <10 ng/mL). Results The adrenal morphology of 21OHD patients showed hypertrophy (45.6%), normal size (42.2%), and hypotrophy (12.2%). Adrenal tumors were detected in 12 patients (13.3%). The adrenal volume and width of 21OHD patients were significantly larger than those of controls (18.2±12.2 mL vs. 7.1±2.0 mL, 4.7±1.9 mm vs. 3.3±0.5 mm, P<0.001 for both). The 17-OHP and androstenedione levels were highest in patients with adrenal hypertrophy, followed by those with normal adrenal glands and adrenal hypotrophy (P<0.05 for both). Adrenal volume and width correlated positively with adrenocorticotropic hormone, 17-OHP, 11β-hydroxytestosterone, progesterone sulfate, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in both sexes (r=0.33–0.95, P<0.05 for all). For identifying well-controlled patients, the optimal cut-off values of adrenal volume and width were 10.7 mL and 4 mm, respectively (area under the curve, 0.82–0.88; P<0.001 for both). Conclusion Adrenal volume and width may be reliable quantitative parameters for monitoring patients with classical 21OHD.


The Zn1−xCoxO (x=0–0.20) nanocrystals synthesized via sol-gel method have been systematically investigated by using x-ray diffraction, transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), Raman spectrometer (Raman), UV-vis spectrometer (UV-vis), and vibrating sample magnetometer. It is found that the crystal lattice constant (a) and the cell volume of Zn1−xCoxO are irrespective of the Co composition x when x 0.05 is attributed to the formation of the Co3O4 phase in Zn1−xCoxO due to the self-purification mechanism in nanocrystals growth process. The formation of the antiferromagnetic Co3O4 well explains the decrease in Zn1−xCoxO ferromagnetism with the increase in Co-doping when x>0.05.


Students enrolled in a community college freshman seminar course were interviewed to gather qualitative data on their opinions regarding the value of the course. Existing dissatisfaction among students, faculty, and administrators initiated this study . Data analysis revealed that randomly grouping students with wide - ranging levels of academic abilities and life experiences in a freshman seminar class had a number of drawbacks, as older adult learners differ greatly from younger student learners in aptitude, ability levels, maturity, and academic needs. The findings suggest that older adults need a different kind of freshman seminar course than the traditional first - year student, and that "gifted" older students might be used to provide "on - campus apprenticeships" for other first - year students.


A bootstrap circuit includes: a first switch element, coupled a clock signal; a second switch element, coupled to an operating voltage and the first switch element; a third switch element, coupled to the first switch element; a first charge storage unit, coupled to the second and third switch elements; and a voltage converting unit, coupled to the first charge storage unit as well as the first, second and third switch elements. When the clock signal is at a first logic state, the first charge storage unit is charged. When the clock signal is at a second logic state, a cross voltage of the first charge storage ensures that the voltage converting unit converts an input voltage to an output voltage.


Campaigners in Germany, protesting at the suspicious death in custody of Oury Jalloh in 2005 and the subsequent cover-up by the criminal justice system, are looking to the Lawrence trial, the Macpherson Report and other British institutional responses to see how Germany could learn from the British experience.


Adverse events like energy supply shortages seem to be ubiquitous nowadays. They can negatively affect organizations to varying degrees. In case organizations are negatively affected by adverse events, they need to deal with such circumstances. The concept of resilience is a promising approach supporting organizations if adverse circumstances occur. Against this background, a novel maturity model to analyze and assess resilience capabilities of organizations or units thereof is proposed that aim to deal with adverse circumstances. The maturity model consists of three dimensions, twelve attributes and six stages that together form its structural design. For validation purposes a workshop with professionals working for different departments of a private-sector company has been conducted. The workshop generally reveals the suitability of the maturity model to assess the resilience of organizational units. Workshop participants especially value the maturity model with regard to transparency, comprehensiveness, comparability and the ability to provide indications for resilience improvements.


In this paper, based on the automatic detection of robot, a three-claw positioning structure is designed by using threepoint positioning technology. It can accurately locate the center position of the long and thick wall tubular equipment. According to the principle of three-point positioning technology, a kind of inner diameter measuring structure of long and thick wall tubular equipment is designed, so as to realize the accurate positioning and accurate measurement of long and thick wall tubular equipment.


Ear pattern recognition using eigen ears is a biometric technique of human identification in which we use PCA (principal component analysis) and also PCA for ear image compression technique in which also prefer eigen ears and if have some problems regarding enhancement of image which undergone noise addition or some other type of modification so after reducing these noises we can make it for recognition. Here do segmentation which is uniformly horizontal or non horizontal, also non horizontal segmentation. Calculate eigen values, covariance between two images, and also by we can match by Euclidean distance between two images minimum distance gives higher match.


Research in psychotherapy. Psychotherapy, research and institution Research means wondering not only on the clear aim of a specific study but also on the hidden meaning and on the counter transferral emotions that the study's object induces in the researchers and in the research team's dynamics. In this paper, psychoanalytic approach and research related to this approach developed in COIRAG (Confederation of Italian Organizations for Analytic Research on Groups), particularly in CSR (Study and Research Centre), was analyzed. This type of research considers subject not only as individual subject, traditionally considered, but emphasizes the internal group which exists in every subject independently from its dimension and nature. A habitus of specific observation and research results either of the prescriptive frame, that creates particular processes, or of the relationships' configuration, which can be explicit implicit, and can be generated by individuals, groups and institutions. Referring to a project carried out by COIRAG named The Dream and the Organization, which collected data for three years and has tried to reach that kind of dream state which is largely present in every institution (all the individuals of an institution dream in relation to their institutional context) and which is able to assume different forms accessible to knowledge, it is noticed that institutional emotional clime comes before and goes with the possibility of take care of the institution and that healthy institution's increase can lead to an increase of groups and individuals living in a healthy level. It is possible to say that the taking care of the emotional distress, and the research about this, could be achieved by two ways: one which, using the traditional psychotherapy, works on individual and, using groups, makes benefits on institution; and the other, which takes care of unhealthy institutions. In this way it is possible to consider in a planning view many problems and experiences, related to the institutional individual's mental working level. Key words: psychotherapy, research, institution.


Logistics plays a crucial role in companies' ability to sustain competitive on the market. Time is regarded as one of the important metric in terms of logistics, since time influences the lead time ...


Road detection plays a vital role in advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). In recent years, the mainstream methods use the data fusion to combine the advantages of RGB images and depth images. However, the fusion operation utilizes a simple pixel-wise summation and concatenation strategy, leading to lose the correlation between the two types of data. To this end, inspired by the core idea of Transformer, we propose a cross attention transformation module, which effectively fuses the RGB features and depth features using the attention mechanism. Specifically, the correlation attention features of RGB-D are generated by the cross-attention mechanism. Then the attention features are fused to enhance the attention response and capture global context information. Experiments are conducted in the two popular datasets including the KITTI road dataset and Cityscapes dataset. Empirical results show that the accuracy of road detection is improved by our fusion method. In the KITTI road Benchmark, Our method gets the better MaxF in UM_Road(95.02 %) and UMM_Road(97.03%).


Forest Practice Rules under the Oregon Forest Practices Act were modified in 1987 to increase protec- tion of riparian areas adjacent to timber harvest oper- ations. These modifications addressed concerns about water quality protection and retaining trees as sources of large woody debris for future stream channel struc- ture. The rule changes triggered debate about the quan- tity and quality of trees that should be left in riparian zones. Issues still under discussion include the silvicul- tural consequences of these rule modifications, and the need to better predict the costs and benefits of the rule changes. The management of riparian forests in Oregon has changed greatly since the 1960's and 1970's. In those years, the major riparian concerns were these: removal of log jams to keep streams open for fish passage; man- agement of logging slash to avoid deaeration or excess leaching of organics; provide shade to minimize stream temperature increases and control of sedimentation from activities adjacent to streams. The Alsea Watershed Study, begun in 1959, provided an example of water and stream quality impacts that can result from unusually intense forest harvesting and site preparation (Moring 1975, Beschta 1978, Hall and others 1987). This study influenced Oregon's Forest Practices Rules, which were the first in the United States to specifically address pro- tection of water quality (Brown 1978). Since their adop- tion in 1972, these rules have been reviewed and modified in response to new research and expanded demands on forest resources. This paper chronicles the development and implemen- tation in 1987 of rules specifically designed to improve protection of riparian habitat for fish and wildlife. Pre-1987 Rules and Objectives


The duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) impacts symptomatic and functional outcome in patients with psychosis.

 This study assessed DUP, its association with sociodemographic and clinical factors and its impact on short-term clinical and functional outcome in patients with first episode psychosis.

 Sixty-nine first contact patients with first episode psychosis who had not received adequate treatment for psychosis (adequate treatment - antipsychotic medication of ≥3.5 mg haloperidol equivalents for ≥ 4 weeks) previously were assessed with Symptom Onset in Schizophrenia Inventory to determine DUP. They were followed up for 12 weeks. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Scale – II were used to assess symptoms and functioning at presentation and after 12 weeks.

 The mean DUP for the sample (n=69) was 56.7 ± 89.1 weeks (13.2 ± 20.8 months). About three fifths (60.9%) of the subjects had DUP ≤ 3 months (short DUP) and two fifths (39.1%) had DUP > 3 months (long DUP). Univariate analysis found age, employment, mode of onset and diagnosis to be significant. At followup, treatment-related improvement in positive, general and total symptom scores was significantly negatively correlated with DUP and improvement in functioning was significantly greater in patients with DUP < 3 months. A step-wise multiple logistic regression model identified mode of onset, age, and history of prior attempts at treatment as independent predictors of membership to the two DUP categories; insidious onset led to a 20-fold and a history of prior treatment attempts indicated a 400% increase in the odds of belonging to the long DUP category. An average of 9% increase in odds of having long DUP was observed with every one-year increase in age.

 Early detection (short DUP) of psychosis was found to have a salutary impact on clinical and functional outcome.


Let P be an odd prime,and let r be a positive integer.ln this paper we prove that if P19 and r~(P/2),then P~r is an anti-sociable number.


Supercode, a particular case of hypercodes, has been introduced and considered by D. L. Van and the author in previous papers. A supercode is called prime if it cannot be decomposed as a catenation of two supercodes. The prime decomposition of a supercode L is to decompose L into prime supercodes. In this paper, a linear-time prime decomposition algorithm for supercodes is proposed. The uniqueness of the prime decomposition for supercodes is presented. AMS Mathematics Subject Classification: 94A45, 68Q45.


Free‐carrier absorption induced by picosecond pump excitation is investigated for the time‐resolved pump‐probe nonlinear transmission process in semi‐insulating semiconductors. Time‐resolved nonlinear absorption measurements of 1.064 μm, 29 ps pulses with semi‐insulating undoped GaAs and Ga‐doped CdTe are performed. Because of very small linear absorption at 1.064 μm for Ga‐doped CdTe, the effect of the nonlinear free‐carrier absorption is found to be noticeable. A theoretical analysis is also made to understand the role of the free‐carrier absorption and the linear absorption saturation at large positive time delays of the probe. From the fitting procedure by the theory free‐carrier absorption coefficients as well as two‐photon absorption coefficients for the two crystals are obtained.


The existing small-signal stability constrained optimal power flow (SC-OPF) generally needs to deduce the sensitivity analytical expression of the small-signal stability index to parameters, which requires a large amount of formula derivation and mathematical computation. In order to overcome the complex problem of sensitivity, this article proposes an approximate sensitivity calculation method based on the back propagation (BP) neural network algorithm in the SC-OPF model. First, the minimum damping ratio of the system is taken as the small-signal stability index, and the algebraic inequality composed of the minimum damping ratio is used as the small-signal stability constraint in this model. Second, the BP neural network is introduced into the SC-OPF to analyze the mapping relationship between the generator power, node power, line power and the minimum damping ratio of the system, and then the numerical differentiation method is used to calculate the approximate first-order sensitivity of the minimum damping ratio in the correction equation. Finally, a series of simulations on the WSCC-9 bus and IEEE-39 bus systems verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed model.


Turkey and Iran are key countries in the Middle East thanks to their strategic positions, natural resources, historical continuity, cultural roots/bases, demographic structures and international alliances. Their positions regarding the regional developments and their alliances with great powers have a deep impact not only in the flow of regional developments, but also closely affect international systems. For this reason, analysis of domestic developments in these countries and their impact on foreign political positioning have a great importance. As well as their foreign policies and their relations with great powers, the relations between these two states present a critical point. The article discusses the role of ideology in Turkish-Iranian relations, internal developments in these countries and their effects on bilateral relations between the two states, as well as geopolitical competition between Turkey and Iran over Iraq, Central Asia and the Caucasus. Reviewing the relations between Turkey and Iran since the 1979 revolution in Iran, one may identify an increase in ideological frictions between the two states in the 1990s in comparison to their relations in the 1980s. However, unlike in the 1980s, when ideology dominated Iranian politics and foreign policy, the role of ideology in Iranian politics gradually decreased throughout the 1990s. Ironically this period in Turkish-Iranian relations was dominated by ideological tensions. Hence, this article seeks answers to the question why and how ideological reasons led to severe frictions in the 1990s despite the declining role of ideology in Iran. It argues that geopolitical developments following the demise of the USSR and the Gulf War led to the eruption of Turco-Iran competition over Iraq and over the Caucasus and the Central Asia which created a "conflictual" atmosphere in Turkey-Iran relations. Morover, internal developments in these two countries have added fuel to the fire, and 1 PERCEPTIONS • Spring 2005 * Bayram Sinkaya is Research Assistant in the Department of International Relations, Middle East Technical University, Ankara.


SUMMARY When applying the known power spectra of the random road roughness to the suspension behaviour of a four-wheeled vehicle, each of the four vertical input signals together with their related interdependence are to be considered, if exact results are to be obtained. The correlations are determined by way of calculation. The resulting roughness spectra of bounce, pitch, roll and torsional excitations will be applied to various vehicles, characterized by different design parameters. By means of a three-dimensional simulation model the virtual values of the random vehicle vibrations are calculated, while determining at the same time the influence of vehicle speed, waviness exponent, track width, wheel base, and axle design feature as well as the relationship between the vertical vibrations and the reference point in the vehicle body.


Renato Savi de Carvalho Av. Rio Branco, 19-45 – Bauru/SP – CEP: 17.014-037 Brazil E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Nothing seems to be more frustrating for dentists than the often recurrent displacement of an indirect restoration. Such clinical setback leads to self-criticism about their professional skills, which may also be silently questioned by their patients at the same time and raise serious concerns. For this reason, questions about which cementing techniques and agents are more appropriate for each particular clinical situation have always been raised during the phase of crown and prosthesis cementing. The desire to make retention last and to ensure that they are kept attached to the posts has led several authors and clinicians to constantly seek procedures and materials that are more reliable and adequate for that purpose.


The prestack reverse-time depth migration scheme was studied based on elastic wave equation for two wavefield components recorded in 2D isotropic media.The algorithms relevant to prestack elastic wave reverse-time depth migration scheme were derived on the basis of elastic wave equation and the solution of solving relevant problems were studied.Then,the prestack reverse-time depth migration for 2D multicomponents data were complemented.Finally,model test and real data processing was carried out.The results show that the scheme isn t influenced by stratigraphic dip and is suited to processing seismic multi-components data from the areas with steep subsurface structures and big variation of horizontal velocities.


Which one should be the key to the research of criminology,phenomenalism or causationism? This foundational issue involves a foundational mistake,which needs serious discrimination to ensure a correct understanding of it.From the philosophical level,the corresponding relation between phenomenon and essence,between existence and perception can be distinguished through clarifying concepts;according to academic goal of the research of criminology,the relation between phenomenalism and causationism can be defined as the relation between the premise and core content of the research;the logic sequence of criminology can be finally defined as:causationism should demonstrate the criminal rule and essential attribute on the basis of the research of phenomenalism,and so as to provide foundation for the society to react to crime.


Increased public awareness posed for global climate change has led to greater concern over the impact of environmental changes due to constant emissions of air pollutants from industrial production. Wet scrubbers have important advantages when compared to other air pollution control devices. They can collect particulates like flammable and explosive dusts, foundry dusts, cement dusts, large volume of gaseous pollutants, acid mists and furnace fumes. In this study, a three layer feed forward neural network has been used to predict the performance of wet scrubber system for air pollution control. The theoretical performance, ηperf of the system was calculated using 206 scenarios for 8 data sets for the operating variables with nonlinear and complex characteristics. The performance fitness of the neural network (MSE = 0.00000107 and R-value = 0.9979) describes the effectiveness of the ANN model in predicting the performance of the scrubber system and the model follows the pattern of the theoretical data describing the scrubber performance at a higher efficiency range.


-Subgrade soil is an essential component for design of both flexible and rigid pavement structures. The main cause of failure of pavement is the settlement of subgrade, high moisture susceptibility which leads to loss of strength of subgrade. Kuttanad soil is a type of weak soil. The pavements constructed on these type of soil are normally subjected to deterioration. In this study the soil collected from the region around Era-Valady road under construction by Pradhan Mandhry Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) in Alapuzha district of 2.12 km stretch .The soil is stabilized by using terrasil and cement kiln dust. Terrasil is a commercially available chemical stabilizer and is available in concentrated liquid form. Cement kiln dust is a waste product which is obtained during the manufacture of Portland cement. CBR test, triaxial compression test, Permeability test were conducted on plain soil and the soil treated with the different additives for varying percentages for analysing the volumetric and performance properties.


[Objective] Analysis of the change of flavor components during the processing of almond roasting and storage was carried out to provide a theoretical basis for processing and storage of almonds.[Method] The volatiles of raw and roasted almonds were extracted by Tenax(Vigreux) column,and the extracts were analyzed by combination gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.[Result] Twenty-five compounds were identified from raw almond volatiles,forty-four compounds from fresh roasted almond volatiles,and fifty compounds from roasted almond volatiles which had been stored for three or six months;aromatic aldehydes,aliphatic aldehydes,aromatic alcohol,aliphatic alcohols,pyrazines and their ramifications were the main flavor components of almonds;and benzaldehyde seemed to make the largest contribution to the aroma of raw and fresh roasted almonds.[Conclusion] Roasted almonds,packaged with paper bags,have been oxidized,and rancidity after six months' storage might have been induced by high oil content and polyunsaturated fatty acids and produced volatile aliphatic aldehydes such as nonanal,hexanal,2-octenal,octanal,and N heptanal compoents to come off-flavors.This study showed nonanal and hexanal might be a better peroxide index for shelf life of roasted almonds kernels.


Drain current vs gate voltage and drain current vs drain voltage characteristics have been derived in a ferroelectric gate-all-around carbon nanotube (CNT) transistor. An approximate analysis to derive the polarization characteristics in a cylindrical ferroelectric capacitor is first presented. It has been found that the characteristics can be approximated by those of a parallel-plate capacitor having the same area as the inner electrode of the cylindrical capacitor and the same thickness as the ferroelectric cylinder. Then, the drain current characteristics of the ferroelectric gate-all-around CNT transistor are derived by combining the analysis on the cylindrical capacitor and the ballistic transport theory on CNT transistors. The gate structure is assumed to be such that CNTs with diameters of 1 and 2 nm are surrounded with a 5-nm-thick poly(vinyliden fluoride–trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF–TrFE)] film. It has been found that, in this structure, the CNT transistor can operate as a memory transistor with an appropriate voltage margin.


The purpose of this article is to review and summarize existing literature on short-term study abroad programs (SSAPs) into a coherent whole in a way that faculty and administration can use the information to design and implement an effective SSAP for their business students.  In light of increasing popularity of SSAPs, the need for such information is self-evident to build programs that add value to business students' growth and education.  In addition to existing literature, the article also draws its recommendations on an existing program at a business school of a small liberal arts university.  The demographics and feedback from the participants in the SSAP are provided.


Hand gestures are considered as an effective means of communication in the field of Human-computer interaction. However, the design of an efficient hand gesture recognition (HGR) system is still a challenging task owing to a plethora of complexities such as cluttered background, illumination changes, and occlusion in a real-world environment. The paper proposes a lightweight CNN based network named CrossFeat: Multi-scale Cross Feature Aggregation network for explicit hand gesture recognition (HGR). CrossFeat employs multi-scale convolutional layers and preserves the spatial features from the hand gesture region. The use of multi-scale filters: 1 × 1, 3 × 3, 5 × 5 and 7 × 7 allow the network to learn granular and coarse edges from the different regions of the hand gestures. These complementary features enhance the learning ability of the network. Moreover, the cross-layer connectivity enables the gradient information to reach the top layers and prevent it from diminishing in the upstream layers. The proposed network is investigated on three benchmark datasets: ASL Finger Spelling, NUS-I and NUS-II. The experimental results and analysis show that the aggregation of multi-scale and cross features enhances the performance of the HGR system compared to the existing networks.


The step-by-step sentence alignment method is introduced in order to improve current Chinese-Uyghur sentence alignment method. Lexical and length information is used to generate some anchor sentences. Texts are divided into several sections by using anchor sentence as boundary,and then sentences in each section are aligned using lengthbased method. This method is effective in multi domain text because it uses w ords,numbers,and punctuation marks. It avoids complex computing and error spreading because of its "subsection"technique. Experimental results show that the precision of this method is 95. 2% in Chinese-Uyghur multi-domain texts,w hich is 2. 7% higher than length-based method.


Entrepreneurs and investors often deem substantive content to be particularly important as they evaluate the potential value of business propositions. Yet across 12 studies and 1,855 participants u...


【Abstract】The face recognition algorithms based on SVD have low recognition accuracy due to the common essential defect which singular value vector of arbitrary two face images have the different basis spaces in general. According to this, two improved class estimated basis space singular value de-composition methods are analyzed. A superior CSVD method is selected after comparing with each other. And in the feature extraction process, a new face recognition method based on CSVD and non Negative Matrix Factorization(NMF) is presented. By combining both methods, for ORL database, the better recognition performance is obtained.


Turkish teaching is done through text. For this reason, various types of texts are located in Turkish textbooks. However, the Turkish education programs are not given due consideration to the child's biography modeled. Value transfer in and take the child's role model biographies which meet the needs of the target audience of children is a very important tool. The purpose of this research, the value of Mehmet Âkif Ersoy biography child is to examine the target audience in terms of education. Mehmet Âkif Ersoy was examined using three biographies of document analysis in the study. This biography is the target audience of children. While document analysis have been paying attention to the following values: give importance to family unity, fairness, independence, peace, freedom, science, hard work, solidarity, sensitivity, integrity, aesthetics, tolerance, hospitality, Concern for healthy, respect, love, responsibility, cleanliness patriotism, benevolence, courage, friendship, sacrifice, sharing, protecting cultural heritage, leadership, compassion, value of school life, self-esteem. In the study, both by the Mehmet Âkif's life story is available to both transfer value has been found to respond to the need to take a role model for the children. From this point of view, biography books which narrate Mehmet Âkif Ersoy's life can be arranged for the children of different age groups. During the process of child's development, recognition of the different phases of Mehmet Âkif's life and taking him as a role model can be assured.


This review will examine the possibilities for providing anaesthesia for casualties in challenging situations.There is a limited evidence base on which to draw as most anaesthetists faced with such problems will generate their own solution based on experience and personal preference. Military personnel are perhaps more likely to encounter these challenges and may be trained anaesthetists or junior doctors with limited anaesthetic experience. The review will highlight the principal problems of planning to provide anaesthesia in an austere environment and focus on the Triservice anaesthetic apparatus (the equipment trained anaesthetists are most likely to use in the field) and ketamine (arguably the best choice for a non anaesthetic trained doctor in a difficult environment).


Abstract The present study examined whether there was an association between microfinance participation (i.e. microentrepreneurship) and help-seeking social networks and employment and help-seeking social networks of women who experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) in Bangladesh. The study is a secondary analysis of a subsample of 805 women (24.1% of the representative sample) who experienced IPV from the 2007 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) between the ages of 16 and 49 years. Results indicate that among the subsample of 805 respondents, 29.3% sought help for IPV. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that women who were employed all year round were significantly more likely and microfinance participants were marginally more to seek help for IPV than women who were not engaged in income-generating activities. Implications are discussed.


The feminism that comes from the west has been gradually springing up in our country.With the reforms on System,it is required to reinforce the women's subjectivity and self-consciousness,which is a historical mission. Women have become a group awaken under pressures from "issue"."Women problem" becomes a focus of academic circles and "women study" grows up. Since mid-90s of twenty century,more and more scholars who have good quality in theory have joined in the "women study" group. However,the feminism is faced with much pressure from both society and academic circles.


Application of cement slurries for cementing of casing of oil and gas wells without modifying additives on the basis of common oil-well cement often leads to emergence of cross-flow between beds right after cementation, as a result of their shrinkage. The authors developed expanding cement slurries on the basis of a common oil-well cement PCT-I-G with modifying additives. Researches of dynamics of increase in their linear expanding depending on type and quantity of expanding additives are conducted. Results of the trial tests of the developed expanding cement slurries are presented.


The temperature dependence of the diffuse x‐ray scattering from β‐NiAl has been determined for various compositions in the β‐phase field. A comparison of our resullts with existing theories of formation of the omega phase is presented; the phase appears to mucleate on point defects.


We propose a stronger formulation of the dispersive (or unitarity) bounds \`a la Boyd-Grinstein-Lebed (BGL), which are commonly applied in analyses of the hadronic form factors for $B$ decays. In our approach, the existing bounds are split into several new bounds, thereby disentangling form factors that are jointly bounded in the common approach. This leads to stronger constraints for these objects, to a significant simplification of our numerical analysis, and to the removal of spurious correlations among the form factors. We apply these novel bounds to $\bar{B}\to \bar{K}^{(*)}$ and $\bar{B}_s\to \phi$ form factors by fitting them to purely theoretical constraints. Using a suitable parametrization, we take into account the form factors' below-threshold branch cuts arising from on-shell $\bar{B}_s \pi^0$ and $\bar{B}_s \pi^0 \pi^0$ states, which so-far have been ignored in the literature. In this way, we eliminate a source of hard-to-quantify systematic uncertainties. We provide machine readable files to obtain the full set of the $\bar{B}\to \bar{K}^{(*)}$ and $\bar{B}_s\to \phi$ form factors in and beyond the entire semileptonic phase space.


It has been hypothesized that during radiation treatment a reoxygenation of hypoxic tumor tissue takes place. To test this hypothesis, we have investigated whether reoxygenation in lymph node metastases could be determined by invasive Po2 measurements. Through a hypodermic needle inserted transcutaneously into tumor-Positive lymph nodes, Polarographic oxygen determinations were made in 18 patients with advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx and hypopharynx. These measurements were performed before therapy and a week after the onset of radiotherapy or radiochemotherapy, respectively. Low Po2 values before treatment (mean value of the patient's median was 12.6 mm Hg Po2) and a mean hypoxic fraction (Po2 < 5 mm Hg) of 39.6% indicated manifest tumor hypoxia. After 1 week of treatment, a significant increase in the median PO2 (mean value of shift: 7.3 mm Hg) and a reduction in the hypoxic fraction (mean value of shift: 13.4% Po2 < 5 mm Hg, P < 0.03) were observed after both radiotherapy and radiochemotherapy. Thus invasive PO2 histography fulfills the requirements for a method to confirm tumor hypoxia in head and neck tumors. The results obtained indicate that reoxygenation occurs during the initial phases of radiotherapy and radiochemotherapy, and they will form the basis for future comparative investigations on the Possible influence of hypoxic parameters on tumor responsiveness toward radiation and radiochemotherapy.


Abstract An industrial waste sludge was incinerated in a laboratory–scale fluidized–bed incinerator and sixteen priority polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including the vapor–phase PAHs adsorbed by XAD–2 and the solid–phase ones intercepted by glass fiber filters, were monitored. The experimental parameters were equivalence ratio ( φ = 0.83 and 1.25) and incinerating temperature (500, 600, 700, and 800 °C). The fuel–rich condition was carried out to resemble "fault–mode" operation. The nominal gaseous residence times were in the 0.7–1.2 second range. A gas chromatograph/flame ionization detector (GC/FID) was used to identify the PAHs qualitatively and quantitatively. Three priority PAHs—phenanthrene (PhA), fluoranthane (FluA), and pyrene (Pyr)—were detected in great quantities for all incineration runs. Two other priority PAHs—fluorene (Flu) and anthracene (AnT)—were found only in the solid phase for the fuel–rich run at 500 °C. In general, the PAH levels detected were lower for the runsat higher incinera...


In this study, Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide (FTO) was fabricated by using spray pyrolysis methods for solar cells applications. The synthesis of FTO has been conducted under spray pyrolysis methods in which a precursor solution of SnCl2: F having a concentration of 0.1, 03, and 0.9 M. The spray pyrolysis was performed using a nebulizer with a deposition time of 2, 3, 5 and 10 minutes. The glass substrate was heated at a temperature of 400°C prior to deposition. By Controlling concentration of SnCl2: F, FTO glass was successfully produced. The lowest sheet resistance of the FTO glass was about 60 Ω/cm2. X-Ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy were employed to investigate the characteristic of FTO. Then, FTO was applied as an electrode in the dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) electrode application and the photovoltaic effect was observed.


This commentary aims to introduce the utility of social theory for tourism research. It summarizes the theoretical perspectives of post-modernism, structuralism and post-structuralism and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of applying these theories in tourism studies. The article concludes that when researchers guided by social theory stay engaged with empirical studies, they can expand the focus of tourism research. Furthermore, these theoretical approaches should not supplant traditional research methodologies, but should be employed to better understand the spaces and places of tourism.


Abstract. To validate the Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS),
the GEMS Map of Air Pollution (GMAP) campaign was conducted during 2020–2021 by integrating Pandora Asia Network, aircraft, and in situ measurements. In the present study, GMAP-2020 measurements were applied to evaluate urban air quality and explore the synergy of Pandora column (PC) NO2 measurements and surface in situ (SI) NO2 measurements for Seosan, South Korea, where large point source (LPS) emissions are densely clustered. Due to the difficulty of interpreting the effects of LPS emissions on air quality downwind of Seosan using SI monitoring networks alone, we explored the combined analysis of both PC-NO2 and SI-NO2 measurements. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering using vertical meteorological
variables combined with PC-NO2 and SI-NO2 yielded three distinct conditions: synoptic wind-dominant (SD), mixed (MD), and local wind-dominant (LD). These results suggest meteorology-dependent correlations between PC-NO2 and SI-NO2. Overall, yearly daytime mean (11:00–17:00 KST) PC-NO2 and SI-NO2 statistical data showed good linear correlations (R=∼0.73); however, the differences in correlations were largely attributed to meteorological conditions. SD conditions characterized by higher wind speeds and advected marine boundary layer heights suppressed fluctuations in both PC-NO2 and SI-NO2, driving a uniform vertical NO2 structure with higher correlations, whereas under LD conditions, LPS plumes were decoupled from the surface or were transported from nearby cities, weakening correlations through anomalous vertical NO2 gradients. The discrepancies suggest that using either PC-NO2 or SI-NO2 observations alone involves a higher possibility of uncertainty under LD conditions or prevailing transport processes. However, under MD conditions, both pollution ventilation due to high surface wind speeds and daytime photochemical NO2 loss contributed to stronger correlations through a decline in both PC-NO2 and SI-NO2 towards noon. Thus, Pandora Asia Network observations collected over 13 Asian countries since 2021 can be utilized for detailed investigation of the vertical complexity of air quality, and the conclusions can be also applied when performing GEMS observation interpretation in combination with SI measurements.


An evolutionary algorithm based on space partition theory is proposed to solve crew rostering problem in airways. According to the distributing of solutions and combined with space partition theory,the paper improves the coding method and evolutionary operators,then takes dustmen rostering problem as an example to test the correctness and advancement of the algorithm. The results demonstrate the algorithm gives good support to application.


The invention provides a glass breakage detection device and method and an LED lighting device. In the glass breakage detection device, a power supply module is used for powering a storage module, a sound detection module, a processing module and an alarm module. The storage module is used for storing a glass breakage acoustic model library. The sound detection module detects the sound of glass breakage and sends the sound to the processing module. The processing module matches the received sound of glass breakage and an acoustic model in the glass breakage acoustic model library. If the match is successful, an alarm trigger signal is sent to the alarm module. The alarm module sends alarm information according to the alarm trigger signal. For example, the alarm information is sent to a smartphone or cloud to timely notify a user. The detected sound of glass breakage matches the acoustic model, which can accurately detect the sound of glass breakage. The accuracy of intrusion alarms is improved. The alarm information can be sent by the alarm module, which is intelligent and convenient.


In Australia, stock and domestic water use is largely unlicensed and therefore little is known about the impact that stock and domestic farm dams have on streamflow. The purpose of this project was to develop and test a method which could be used to assess the hydrologic impact of stock and domestic farm dams in Queensland, and to develop a method to assess the trends in stock and domestic farm dam development. Hydrologic modelling was undertaken for 55 catchments across Queensland, with the outputs from the modelling then regionalised across the whole of the state. The total volume of stock and domestic dams estimated for all of Queensland was 1,255 GL. The mean annual impact of those dams on surface water resources across Queensland was 368 GL/year, an average impact of 0.21 ML/km /year. On average, for every 1 ML of storage volume of stock and domestic dams, the streamflow at the catchment outlet was reduced by 0.39 ML/year.


In this study,10 primary schools in Sichuan province were probed on the basis of empirical investigation. The research revealed that the elementary knowledge of sexual physiology lagged behind the physiological development,they were shortage of awareness of self protection,and lack of accessing to sexual knowledge,traditional gender role was stiffness. Demand for family education for primary school pupils was obvious.


The authors consider the scattering of conduction electrons in a semiconductor by static short-range potentials, e.g., the short-range potential of an impurity or the disorder potential in an alloy. The response of free electrons consists of producing a long-range potential, due to off-diagonal elements of the dielectric matrix. The electron matrix elements of these short- and long-range potentials partially cancel. The matrix element of the total potential is equal to the matrix element of the short-range potential divided by the free-electron dielectric function. Thus, the scattering by short-range potentials is affected ('screened') by free electrons in the same way as the scattering by long-range potentials (e.g., by Coulomb potential). Both single-valley and multi-valley cases are considered.


Abstract PTASV was newly synthesized through the Wittig reaction and characteristics of various types of LEDs using this polymer were investigated. A single layer device (ITO/PTASV/Al) showed green emission at about 540 nm with the threshold voltage of 20 V. When a thin LiF layer was inserted to the PTASV/Al interface, the external quantum efficiency was increased about 10 times that of the single layer device with lower threshold voltage. The external quantum efficiency of the device with heterojunction structure (ITO/PTASV/Alq3/LiF/Al) was 0.01% at current density of 8 mA/cm2, in air and at room temperature.


Signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) is an essential metric for performance prediction of wireless communication networks in the presence of multiple transmitters. In such networks, performance analysis and system provisioning often rely on an evaluation of SINR throughout the environment. When calculating SINR, interference and noise variance should be characterized in order to determine the aggregate disturbance. The electrical power constraint in RF communications directly relates to the variance of the interference; however, the variance of an interfering IM/DD optical wireless (OW) signal cannot be directly related to average optical power constraints without knowledge of the modulation scheme. In this paper, we evaluate theoretical upper bounds on the variance of interfering signals and the associated lower bounds on SINR under the constraints of an OW channel. We show how these bounds relate to common OW modulation schemes and illustrate how the bounds can predict worst case performance in scenarios where the composition of the interfering signals is not defined.


Rotating bending fatigue tests were carried out for maraging steels nitrided under three conditions in order to investigate the influence of nitriding on fatigue strength. The fatigue strength was increased due to nitriding. The increase in fatigue strength and the fracture mechanism were markedly influenced by nitriding condition. That is, fracturing of the steel nitrided at under-aging condition, 480°C-1h and 5h, occurred from the surface of the specimen in the short life region, and from the interior in the long life region, although all of the specimen aged at under and over-aging conditions and nitrided at over-aging condition, 570°C-1h, fractured from the surface. Consequently, S-N curves in the former steel showed a two-step shape. The fatigue strength decreased with the increase in nitriding time in the short life region where the surface fracture occurred, though there is no or little influence of nitriding time on the fatigue strength in the long life region where the internal fracture occurred. The decrease in the fatigue strength was related to the surface brittleness caused by longer nitriding.


The utility model provides a damping anchor-box type cable beam anchoring device. The device comprises an anchor bearing plate and a bearing plate which are stacked. Anchoring vertical plates and an inserting plate surrounding a semi-enclosed area are vertically connected onto a plane of the bearing plate; an anchoring plate parallel with the bearing plate and opposite to the bearing plate in position is connected onto the anchoring vertical plates and the inserting plate; and a damping spring is mounted between the anchoring plate and the bearing plate. The damping spring is a belleville spring. A damping pad is further arranged between the anchor bearing plate and the bearing plate. The device is applied to steel cable connected buildings, such as cable-stayed bridges. Pressure of steel cables is transmitted to the device, and deformation produced among the mutually welded plates on the device is absorbed by the damping spring and/or the damping pad. By means of the device, deformation of welding positions under the action of stress is prevented.


The ageing of the workforce suggests that many older adults will be combining work and care. While there is extensive evidence for the impact of informal care-giving on paid employment, there is less research on how work status may influence the provision of informal care. It has also yet to be established whether work preferences may influence the uptake of care-giving responsibilities, particularly for older workers. We investigated the impact of work status congruence on taking up informal care at two-year follow-up. A sample of 1,211 employed participants aged 55–70 years was surveyed over two consecutive waves. Involuntary part-time workers were more likely to provide care at Time 1 than involuntary full-timers, voluntary part-timers and voluntary full-timers. Participants were more likely to take up care if the opportunity costs of doing so were low, however, only for those whose preferences for more work were not met. There were no moderating effects of gender and economic living standards on the relationship between work status incongruence and provision of care-giving. Understanding the decision-making processes older workers undertake when taking up informal care are complex and must consider the influence of personal work preferences. These findings have implications for care and work-based policy given the importance of informal care in sustaining ageing-in-place policies.


Management fashion is often described as moving in cycles, but the role of research in these waves is rather unclear. This study compares two management fashions: sensitivity training and personal growth. Sensitivity training is described as the first wave in the 1960s-1970s and personal growth as the second wave in the 1990s-2000s, when similar forms and activities were revived under a new name. Two doctoral theses studying the two fashions in 1979 and 2005 are compared to describe research fashion. The study shows that research and management surf on the same, or at least parallel, fashion waves. Furthermore, research in general and a doctoral thesis project in particular are related to identity work. Researchers draw on various fashions (in research and management) in terms of repetition (following the example of others) and difference (deviating from tradition), just as managers do.


We prospectively performed isokinetic shoulder testing III 31 patients with rotator tendinosis (Impingement, stage II), to evaluate which movement patterns these patients are able to fulfill both before and after treatment. The movement patterns used were externaIjinternal rotation and flexion/extension. The angular velocities were 60 0 /s and 180 0 /s and the patients were tested pre-treatment and after 6 and 24 months. Twenty-five of the patients (81 %) managed all three externaIjinternal rotation tests. In flexion/extension, however, only eight patients (26%) fulfilled all tests because of pain. Pre-treatment there was an average significant reduction of 25% (P < 0.001) in external rotation, while internal rotation only had a slight reduction of 10%. At 24 months both movement patterns had regained normal strength. Most patients fulfilled the externaIjinternal rotation tests and the performance was weakly correlated to pain compared to the flexion/extension pattern. This suggests that externaIjinternal rotation is the preferrable movement pattern for evaluation of muscle strength deficits per se in patients with rotator tendinosis.


Commercial aviation is expected to grow by 3 to 5% annually within the upcoming two decades. Its adverse impact on the environment will thus aggravate, if no countermeasures are taken. This thesis evaluates the fuel saving and emissions reduction potential of today's most recent aircraft types and technologies by developing a methodology that quantifies their effects in view of the dynamically evolving global air transport fleet. It is found that the considered aircraft types may lead to a global efficiency gain of up to 0.8% annually until 2050. Hence, further measures are needed for a sustainable development of aviation.


Heterogeneous cellular networks (HCNs) usually exhibit spatial separation amongst base stations (BSs) of different types (termed tiers in this paper). For instance, operators will usually not deploy a picocell in close proximity to a macrocell, thus inducing separation amongst the locations of pico and macrocells. This separation has recently been captured by modeling the small cell locations by a Poisson Hole Process (PHP) with the hole centers being the locations of the macrocells. Due to the presence of exclusion zones, the analysis of the resulting model is significantly more complex compared to the more popular Poisson Point Process (PPP) based models. In this paper, we derive a tight bound on the distribution of the distance of a typical user to the closest point of a PHP. Since the exact distribution of this distance is not known, it is often approximated in the literature. For this model, we then provide tight characterization of the downlink coverage probability for a typical user in a two-tier closed-access HCN under two cases: (i) typical user is served by the closest macrocell, and (ii) typical user is served by its closest small cell. The proposed approach can be extended to analyze other relevant cases of interest, e.g., coverage in a PHP-based open access HCN.


Objective: Neurogenic mechanims have been shown to regulate not only absolute blood pressure levels but also blood pressure variability during the short-term 24 hour period. No information are available on whether visit-to-visit blood pressure variability is related to sympathetic and baroreflex function. Design and method: 61 untreated essential hypertensive patients aged 56.1 ± 2.5 years (mean ± SEM) underwent 3 clinic BP measurements on 3 occasions during a 6 weeks period. In each patient we assessed muscle sympathetic nerve traffic (MSNA, microneurography), spontaneous MSNA-baroreflex sensitivity according to Kienbaum method, and blood pressure variability of systolic and diastolic BP, quantified as coefficient of variation (CV) and as standard deviation (SD) of the BP values. Results: Patients were subdivided into CV and SD quartiles. Quartiles were matched for age and gender. For each quartile a relationship was sought with MSNA and baroreflex sensitivity. Compared with the patients in the lowest systolic BP CV quartile, patients in the highest quartile showed significantly greater MSNA (62.5 ± 4 vs 48.2 ± 3 bursts/100 heart beats, P < 0.02) and significantly lower baroreflex sensitivity values (1.23 ± 0.2 vs 2.09 ± 0.2 a.u., P < 0.03). This was the case also when BP variability was expressed as SD. When diastolic BP data were analyzed no significant difference between quartiles was found. Conclusions: These data provide the first demonstration that in hypertension a greater visit-to-visit blood pressure variability is associated with greater levels of sympathetic activation and more pronounced baroreflex dysfunction. The relationship appears to be valid particularly for the systolic BP component. Thus sympathetic and reflex mechanisms contribute not only to the short-term but also to the long-term BP variability phenomenon.


Magnetic confinement of Bose-Einstein condensates is incompatible with many precision measurements and applications in atom optics. Therefore, we realized an optical trap for a Bose-Einstein condensate [1]. It uses a single, focused infrared laser beam of only a few milliwatts of laser power, which is sufficient due to the very low energy of Bose condensates. In this trap, we have observed high atomic densities which were unprecedented both for Bose condensates and for optically trapped atoms. Furthermore, the trap works at arbitrary magnetic fields and for atoms in all hyperfine states. This has led to the observation of Feshbach resonances and spinor condensates. The optical trap may also serve as an "optical tweezers" to move condensates, and for example, place them close to surfaces and in optical and microwave cavities.


A foil strip is a strip of metal consisting of aluminum foil strips or metal coated fibers. When the radar beam is incident, it forms a scattering echo that is used to shield or shield the aircraft or cause the enemy tracking radar to lose control. The chaff passive interference technology was first used in World War II. Due to its low cost, convenient use and good interference effect, it is still the main interference technology. The large number and high density are the main development trends of passive jamming of chaff. Based on vector transport theory, the Monte Carlo solution of chaff cloud vector transport theory is obtained. The full-polarization backscattering characteristics of a large number of high-density chaff clouds are simulated.


Chapter 6: Current debates in Early Years education and provision, Early Years Work-Based Learning (Early Childhood Studies), Learning Matters, Exeter, 85-108


In this paper we present a comprehensive analysis of the running of all the couplings of the standard model to two loops, including threshold effects. Our purpose is twofold---to determine what the running of these parameters may indicate for the physics of the standard model and to provide a template for the study of its extensions up to the Planck mass.


Abstract Mudrocks are highly heterogeneous in a range of physical and chemical properties, including: porosity and permeability, fissility, colour, particle composition, size, orientation, carbon loading, degree of compaction, and diagenetic overprint. It is therefore important that the maximum information be extracted as efficiently and completely as possible. This can be accomplished through high-resolution analysis of polished thin sections by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), with the collection of large-area images and X-ray elemental map montages, and the application of targeted particle analysis. A workflow model, based on these techniques, for the digitization of mudrocks is presented herein. A range of the data that can be collected and the variety of analyses that can be achieved are also illustrated. Data collection is discussed in terms of inherent problems with acquisition, storage, transfer and manipulation, which can be time-consuming and non-trivial. Similar information and resolutions can be achieved through other techniques, such as QEMSCAN and infra-red (IR)/Raman spectroscopic mapping. These can be seen as complementary to the workflow described herein.


Abstract : All the military services train their members on general military topics, such as the Code of Conduct (CoC) or suicide prevention. Individual services direct some topics, and some are stipulated by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). Typically, military members receive instruction on these topics at some designated frequency, e.g., annually. This instruction competes for time and other resources with topics specific to a given service. General military training (GMT) requirements are the same for the Active Component (AC) and Reserve Component (RC). However, AC personnel have greater availability for training, while RC personnel normally drill one weekend per month and complete a two-week training period during the year. Therefore, although the time it takes to perform mandatory GMT is equal for the AC and RC, the time available for drilling reservists to complete the requirements is less. And, with similar GMT demands, the time required to complete mandatory GMT requirements consumes a larger portion of an RC member s available training time. DoD wants to reduce cyclic mandatory training (MT) requirements for the RC, thus easing the premobilization training burden on the services and increasing available training time. A goal of DoD's current effort is to optimize available training time and effectiveness and return time to the RC unit commanders.


It is very important to improve the design of the real-time operating system (RTOS) especially if we want to use it in some special devices. Numerous researches have accepted conventional RTOS as being the customary approach for designing devices used by children. This is because these are able to facilitate the implementation different criteria such as clustering, stability and alternate programs. In this paper, numerous publications have been analyzed to observe the performance of the RTOS when it is subjected to varied constraints. The study focuses on a review of RTOS in relation to play models to analyze their capabilities on various computing platforms and OSs. The publications which we have collected have been sorted out to comprehensively review thereby leading to the configuration of several factors affecting the features within the system. Likewise, statistics and results have facilitated adoption of a more focused approach towards the development of RTOS. While this program ranks clustering and performance as being the highest RTOS criteria for all applications, alternate programs considered this to be the least important. Thus, criteria choice becomes an important issue to address.

  Key words: Operating system (OS), play model, real-time, real-time operating system (RTOS) performance, RTOS criteria.


The general Lie point transformation group and the associated reduced differential equations and similarity forms for the solutions are derived here for the coupled (nonlinear) Vlasov–Maxwell equations in one spatial dimension. The case of one species in a background is shown to admit a larger group than the multi-species case. Previous exact solutions are shown to be special cases of the above solutions, and many of the new solutions are found to constrain the form of the distribution function much more than, for example, the BGK solutions do. The individual generators of the Lie group are used to find the possible subgroups. Finally, a simple physical argument is given to show that the asymptotic solution (t→∞) for a one-species, one-dimensional plasma is one of the general similarity solutions.


This paper introduces application background and functions of the
intelligent decision supporting system for grain reserve. In addition, it discusses how to design
and implement the inference mechanism of grain condition analysis using objectoriented
technology.


This study explores how blended learning can contribute to interior design students' learning outcomes, their engagement with non-studio courses and affect their learning achievements. Within the framework of the study, a blended learning experience was carried out in 'IAED 342 Building Performance' module at Bilkent University, Turkey. A total of 120 interior architecture students were surveyed about their experiences on five fields of instruction: (1) course design, learning material and electronic course environment; (2) interaction between students and instructor; (3) interaction with peers; (4) individual learning process; and (5) course outcomes. Frequency distributions, chi-square factor and regression analyses were calculated. Four blended learning factors were developed and their contribution to learning outcomes was analysed. The results showed that teaching both online and face-to-face can create an effective learning environment for non-studio classes, while contributing to a considerable value for the interior design education in terms of teaching process.


Nano SiO_2 reacted with ~y-Chloropropyl trimethoxysilane as a coupling agent,and then by quaternization with N,N-Dimethyl dodecyl amine,finally the quatemized nano SiO_2 was obtained.The nano SiO_2,intermediate product and quatemized nano SiO_2 were characterized by NMR.Quatemized nano SiO_2 was dispersed in phenolic-formaldehyde resin by mixing methods and was analyzed with DSC and TGA.The results revealed that(1) the~(29)Si MAS NMR spectrum of quatemized nano SiO_2 showed that Chloropropyl-silane and tertiary amine have bonded to the surface of nano SiO_2 successively.(2)The glass transition temperature of modified resin was raised.(3)The ratio of carbon residual of modified resin was raised.The results showed that the thermal endurance of modified PF had been improved.


Since the reform and opening up,the income of urban and rural residents in Guangxi has greatly improved,but the income growth of urban residents is faster than that of rural residents.The enlarging income gap has affected the healthy development of economy and the construction of a harmonious society in Guangxi.Based on some relevant data of the income gap between urban and rural residents in Guangxi,this paper analyzed the reasons and put forward countermeasures and suggestions for narrowing the income gap between urban and rural residents.


A matching and bargaining model in a market for a single good with one seller and two different buyers is analyzed under the assumption that resale is possible (buying the good does not necessarily mean consuming it). It is known that the model without resale has inefficient equilibria in which the low buyer receives the good with high probability, even as friction becomes negligible. We show that in case the good is a non-durable (i.e., it yields no interests) resale opportunities do not ensure efficiency. Whereas in case the good is durable the resale model has a unique and efficient equilibrium.


We consider quantum two-block group algebra (2BGA) codes, a previously unstudied family of smallest lifted-product (LP) codes. These codes are related to generalized-bicycle (GB) codes, except a cyclic group is replaced with an arbitrary finite group, generally non-abelian. As special cases, 2BGA codes include a subset of square-matrix LP codes over abelian groups, including quasi-cyclic codes, and all square-matrix hypergraph-product codes constructed from a pair of classical group codes. We establish criteria for permutation equivalence of 2BGA codes and give bounds for their parameters, both explicit and in relation to other quantum and classical codes. We also enumerate the optimal parameters of all inequivalent connected 2BGA codes with stabilizer generator weights $W \le 8$, of length $n \le 100$ for abelian groups, and $n \le 200$ for non-abelian groups.


Radiation combined injury is the major type of injuries caused by the nuclear attacks and the nuclear accidents. Much attention has been paid to treat radiation combined injury for its difficulty in diagnosis and therapy and for its rapid progress in clinical profiles. In the clinical treatment of radiation combined injury, several measures, including the antishock, protection of cardiac function, early surgical treatment, promotion of wound healing, infection control, modulation of immunological function, control of endogenic infection, recovery of intestinal function, hemopoietic reconstruction and the early use of antiradiation medicine, should be emphsized.


The effects of the large-scale regular Galactic magnetic field (GMF) on the propagation of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) in the interstellar space are numerically investigated. The calculations are made for the divergenceless GMF which consists of the spiral disk field, the toroidal halo field, and the out-of-plane field. We assume anisotropic diffusion coefficient of which the magnitude is inversely proportional to the strength of the GMF. We investigate the propagation of GCRs by assuming that the bulk of the GCRs are originated in supernova remnants (SNRs) and also by fully taking into account that the supernovae (SNe) occur discretely in both space and time. We obtained by the stochastic method the age distribution and the path length distribution of GCRs which arrived at the solar system with specified energies. The mean value of the age distribution at around 1 GeV is consistent with the age obtained by the observations of radioactive nuclei. We found the energy dependence of ages depends on the degree of anisotropy of the diffusion coefficients even with the same value of relevant parameters which reproduce the observed B/C ratio at 1 GeV/n. The source SNRs of GCRs have a tendency to be distributed in the direction along the general field lines of the GMF when the GCRs diffuse anisotropically. The energy dependence of the B/C ratio estimated with the path length distribution reproduces reliably the energy dependence of B/C obtained by recent observations in space.


This report is one of a series that report the methodology and findings of an investigation of the likely impact of organized car-sharing schemes. This volume summarizes the structure of a microsimulation model of organized car sharing. It includes a description of the model itself, the preparation of the necessary data base, and the calibration of the choice models by using data from a special survey. Microsimulation is a technique of computerized modeling within which the decision-making process is replicated for each individual in the system. Monte Carlo sampling of probability distribution is used to generate all the individual decision makers, each of whom is uniquely identified within the model. The model consists of three stages: In the first stage it considers each eligible trip maker and predicts whether or not he or she will apply to join an organized car-sharing scheme; in the second stage all these applications are processed to produce match lists of potential traveling companions; in final stage the model considers the decision by each applicant of whether to form a car-sharing arrangement with anyone on his or her match lists. The model was successfully calibrated and its predictions accord well with empirical evidence of the performance of car-sharing schemes. (Author)


Introduction The first published edition of 1583 The manuscripts 'A necessarie table of all the principall matters contained in this booke' Preface to the 1583 edition: 'To The Reader' Note on the text De Republica Anglorum Appendices.


We propose a unified variational formulation for joint motion estimation and segmentation with explicit occlusion handling. This is done by a multi-label representation of the flow field, where each label corresponds to a parametric representation of the motion. We use a convex formulation of the multi-label Potts model with label costs and show that the asymmetric map-uniqueness criterion can be integrated into our formulation by means of convex constraints. Explicit occlusion handling eliminates errors otherwise created by the regularization. As occlusions can occur only at object boundaries, a large number of objects may be required. By using a fast primal-dual algorithm we are able to handle several hundred motion segments. Results are shown on several classical motion segmentation and optical flow examples.