Simple Summary Spodoptera frugiperda is an invasive lepidopteran pest that causes extensive damage to many commercial crops. To control this pest, the use of chemical pesticides has become increasingly important because of their high efficiency, low cost and ease of mechanized operations. However, despite the proven effectiveness of pesticides, the long-term use of chemicals not only pollutes the environment, but also leads to resistance in field populations, making pest control more difficult. In this study, we used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate an ABCB1 knockout strain to explore its potential role in determining susceptibility to chemical pesticides or Bt toxins. We compared the mortality of WT strains and knockout strains treated with 10 insecticides and three Bt proteins, and found that the insects were significantly more susceptible to the three insecticides (emamectin benzoate, beta-cypermethrin and chlorantraniliprole) after ABCB1 was knocked out. Our results showed that ABCB1 is closely related to the detoxification metabolism of some pesticides, and suggest that the resistance of Spodoptera frugiperda to emamectin benzoate, beta-cypermethrin and chlorantraniliprole may be related to the overexpression of ABCB1. This lays a foundation for a follow-up study on the resistance mechanism of Spodoptera frugiperda. Abstract ATP-binding cassette transporter B1 (ABCB1, or P-glycoprotein) is known to be an important participant in multidrug resistance in mammals, and it also has been proved as a transporter for some insecticides in several lepidopteran insects, yet the precise function of this transporter in Spodoptera frugiperda is unknown. Here, we generated a SfABCB1 knockout strain of the S. frugiperda using the CRISPR/Cas9 system to explore its potential roles in determining susceptibility to chemical insecticides or Bt toxins. Bioassay results showed that the susceptibility of SfABCB1 knockout strain to beta-cypermethrin, chlorantraniliprole and emamectin benzoate were significantly increased compared with the wild-type strain DH19, whereas there were no changes to Bt toxins for Cry1Ab, Cry1Fa and Vip3Aa. Our results revealed that SfABCB1 plays important roles in the susceptibility of S. frugiperda to beta-cypermethrin, chlorantraniliprole and emamectin benzoate, and imply that overexpression of ABCB1 may contribute to beta-cypermethrin, chlorantraniliprole and emamectin benzoate resistance in S. frugiperda.


Alcibiades was a prominent Athenian man with a huge political potencial. He came from an aristocratic family and he was related to Pericles. Alcibiades seemed to have everything you need to build a successful political career. By his twenties Alcibiades had become one of the leading strategists of the Peloponnesian War, but one of his expeditions failed and Alcibiades, in revenge for insults which he had received from his fellow citizens, shared information with the Spartans to cause military damage to the Athenians.


In order to explore the tuning range of injection septum and kicker for TPS booster operation, an experimental test on the designed injection scheme has been performed. Tuning of these injection units is based on the top-up operation process for storage ring vacuum cleaning purpose. It is set for a fast beam accumulation in the storage ring where the stored beam variation range is selected for efficient operation consideration. The measurement results of booster beam current variation while tuning of injection septum and kicker are presented. A preliminary analysis concerning the observation of deteriorated phase space acceptance in the TPS booster is given in this report. This study also includes an effort to extend the present available operation bunch train for TPS booster. It shows that the increase of the booster beam current by bunch train tuning indicates an upper bound of about 400 ns.


We use a spherical non-LTE fully line-blanketed model atmosphere to fit the full multiwavelength spectrum, including the extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) continuum observed by the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer, of the B2 II star ϵ Canis Majoris (CMa). The available spectrophotometry of ϵ CMa from 350 Å to 25 μm is best fitted with model parameters Teff = 21,750 K, log g = 3.5, and an angular diameter of 0.77 mas. Our best-fit model predicts a hydrogen ionizing flux, q0, of 1.59 × 1021 photons cm-2 s-1 at the star's surface and 2290 photons cm-2 s-1 at the surface of the Local Cloud. The close agreement between the model and the measured EUV flux from ϵ CMa is a result of the higher temperatures at the formation depths of the H I and He I Lyman continua compared with other models. The realistic model treatment of early B giants with spherical geometry and non-LTE metal line-blanketing results in the prediction of significantly larger EUV fluxes compared with plane-parallel models. We find that our metal line-blanketed spherical models show significantly warmer temperature structures, 1-3 kK at the formation depth of the Lyman continua, and predict stronger EUV fluxes, up to a factor of 5 in the H I Lyman continuum, compared with plane-parallel atmospheres that have identical model parameters. In contrast, we find that spherical and plane-parallel models that do not include metal line blanketing are nearly identical. Our Teff = 21,000 K, log g = 3.2, spherical non-LTE model predicts more than twice as many hydrogen ionizing photons and over 200 times more neutral helium ionizing photons than a standard hydrostatic plane-parallel LTE model with the same stellar parameters. Our synthetic spectra are in reasonably good agreement with observed continuum and line fluxes from echelle spectra obtained with the Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph. While we find agreement between the absolute UV flux of ϵ CMa as measured by GHRS and our model atmosphere, these fluxes are ~30% higher in the UV than those measured by IUE, OAO 2, and TD-1, in excess of the published errors in the absolute calibration of these data.


BACKGROUND: Quality of life (QOL) is the general well-being as experienced and perceived by individuals and communities. Measuring QOL has a number of implications in a wide variety of contexts including healthcare. Studies have shown that World Health Organization (WHO) QOL-BREF is a quick and an effective tool (as the WHO QOL-100) in capturing the results with respect to key four domains. Healthcare services, in general, are human intensive in terms of emergencies, emotionality, and relationships which could affect grass root health worker's QOL negatively, especially in challenging working environments. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the QOL among health workers of primary health centers (PHCs) managed by public private partnership in Karnataka State. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An exploratory study was carried out by applying WHO QOL-BREF to 70 health workers from 24 PHCs in 21 Districts of Karnataka and the results were analyzed. Pearson's correlation was conducted to assess the agreement level; paired t-test and ANOVA to compare differences between the domains. RESULTS: Analysis of domain-specific results and gender differences showed that women were more satisfied with physical health domain and men more satisfied with psychological health domain. The least satisfaction was seen in their opportunity for leisure activities and the highest satisfaction was with their ability to perform daily living activities. CONCLUSIONS: The study indicated moderate levels of QOL among the respondents. WHO QOL-BREF is a useful measure to assess, monitor and improve employees' QOL.


Shame is one of the basic content concerned in China's ancient traditional morals. The rich shame idea that has of the the China traditional morals system,trample the aspects,such as conduct,etc. in morals reason,code of ethic,morals, Permeate all-sidedly,accumulation deeply and moisten and raise China's ancient morals, Have formed the unique ancient shame culture of China. And continue and exert an extensive and far-reaching influence on modern times and contemporary China morals construction.


The article discusses foundations of the modern philosophy of physics and their transformations via development of the images of time. The author proves six main theses. (1) An analysis of relations between scientific knowledge and the nature of time visualizes the foundations of contemporary philosophy of physics. (2) The Universal Clock, understood as a symbol, discloses in philosophy of physics a prospect to comprehension of the general foundations. (3) The association of the science and human being demonstrates the prospects to constitution of the philosophy of physics based on some features of the human nature, its dependence from time duration. (4) The modernistic meaning of time provides the opportunity to find the general basics of the scientific knowledge. (5) Contemporary philosophy of physics depends on the phenomenological concept of an intuitive environing world by Husserl, which presupposes the subjective character of time as itself. (6) The symbolization of the Universal Clock discloses the essence of the relationship between the philosophical speculations and the studies in natural science.


In recent years only a relatively low percent of beddings in the quality inspection is passed.In order to help manufacturers in improving product quality,analyses of the product quality have been done from the aspects of pH value,content of formaldehyde,color fastness,dimensional stability under washing,tensile strength,identification of fiber content and banned use of azo colourants with quality problems solutions suggested.


Objective: Evaluating the neutralization of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) by sodium thiosulfate in vitro, in different concentrations, in the prevention of para-chloroaniline (PCA) formation when in contact with CHX. Material and methods: It were collected 2 mL of NaOCl solution to 2.5% and to 6%, divided in eight groups according to the sodium thiosulfate concentration (1.0; 2.5; 5.0; 10%) (TSF). The tests were done in duplicate and in each plate, it was poured 2mL of TFS and the reaction was observed for 5 minutes. After, 2 mL of 2% Chlorhexidine (CHX) were pouring on the plates to verify the formation of PCA. The infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform was used to verify the presence of PCA, and, in each solution, the pH was verified with universal strip. Results: All analyzed samples presented presence of water and deuterium water, and there was not identification of the PCA presence. The pH result of the solutions was between 8 and 9. It was verified that in the increasing of the concentration of the TFS there was gradual formation of precipitated compound and increase of the turbidity of the final sample. Conclusion: TFS can be used as an intermediate irrigation solution to prevent the formation of para-chloroaniline in the combined use of NaOCl and CHX.


In this paper we report the susceptibility and resistivity studies of Er 5 Ir 4 Si 10 and Ho 5 Ir 4 Si 10 . We find that these compounds undergo antiferromagnetic transitions at 2.5 and 2.0 K, respectively. The effective-moment calculated from the high-temperature susceptibility (Curie-Weiss plot) in each case is equal to the free-ion moment. However, the resistivity of both of these compounds show anomalous behavior in the temperature region 120-200 K, the origin of which is not understood. Similar behavior in resistivity is also seen in Y 5 Ir 4 Si 10 , which is a superconductor at 3.0 K. Finally, the results are compared with that of an antiferromagnet Dy 5 Ir 4 Si 10


Doramectin pour-on solution (Dectomax® Pour-On) is an endectocide with a broad spectrum of activity against gastrointestinal nematodes and arthropods of cattle and duration of activity indications against several nematodes. To evaluate the efficacy of doramectin pour-on solution in decreasing pasture parasite contamination and resulting calf performance, two studies with similar experimental designs were conducted in cow-calf herds in Prairie, Mississippi (MS) and Parma, Idaho (ID). These studies were 168 and 140 days in duration for MS and ID, respectively.


Education has become inevitable for every country and specifically for every person to proceed in with the appropriate pace. Life is really difficult to be lived without essential amount of education. Many countries are giving attention towards this cause and are making strategies and policies to improve the quality of education in the country. For better quality of education, working conditions of the educational institutes is very important. In addition, faculty retention and employability are very crucial in this regard. In the current study, the aim of the author is to study the impact of working conditions on quality education in Indonesia in the presence of mediation of faculty retention and employability. For this purpose, data was collected from 293 faculty members of the educational institutes of Indonesia. To analyze the gathered data, confirmatory factor analysis CFA and structural equation modeling approaches have been used. The results of data analysis have shown that the impact of working condition on quality education is insignificant but the mediating role of employability and faculty retention are significant in this regard. In the last section of the study, several theoretical, practical and policy making implications have been discussed by the author. In addition, some limitations and future research indications have also been described.


Relationships with parents such as those addressed in attachment theory can dictate emotion processing and perception of situations. Namely, insecure parental attachment (i.e., higher attachment-based anxiety and avoidance scores; Fraley, Heffernan, Vicary, & Brumbaugh, 2011b) can compromise emotion regulation and affect. However, although previous attachment research has addressed emotions during daily positive events (Gentzler, Kerns, & Keener, 2010), to our knowledge no studies have evaluated participants' attachment in relation to their emotions during major positive life events that involve their parents (e.g., a wedding or holiday). Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate this and extend previous research (Gentzler & Kerns, 2006; Gentzler et al., 2010; Sheinbaum et al., 2015). This is important because major positive life events might solidify internal working models of attachment. Additionally, secure attachment and savoring positive emotions correlate with well-being. Participants (N = 310; Mage = 31.26) completed measures of attachment (i.e., attachment-based anxiety and avoidance) and emotions (e.g., joy, stress) in positive life events involving parents. Results of multiple hierarchical regression showed that insecure attachment predicted decreased joy (p < .001) and increased stress (p < .001) for positive events, after controlling for gender and age. Similarly, for imagined future events, insecure attachment predicted less positive emotions (p < .001) and more negative emotions (p < .001). These results imply that parental attachment can negatively impact positive emotions such as joy during positive life events. Implications and applications are discussed.


GPS height is becoming an important way of engineering surveying,in order to turn the GPS geodetic height to normal height,and ensure the accuracy of GPS height,all sorts of models of GPS height are compared and studied,and the scope of application is given,it is a guide to the practice.


As mobile ad hoc networks grow into a pervasive computing infrastructure, it is commonplace for wireless nodes owned by different entities to collaborate and communicate with one another. However, in cases where identity authentication is required to secure the communications, a new problem will be raised. On one hand, certificates of different nodes are possibly issued by different Certificate Authorities (CAs), thus, nodes may not be able to authenticate the identity of each other if they do not trust the CAs associated with their communicating parties; on the other hand, as networks scale up and the variety of CAs increases, it will become increasingly difficult to decide the trustworthiness of different CAs through human intervention. In this paper, we propose a self-managed heterogeneous certification scheme, in which multiple distributed nodes cooperatively carry out the functionality of each CA. Nodes may trust a different CA, if there exist sufficiently many nodes which are trustworthy to them and which also constitute that CA. The scheme eliminates the necessity of maintaining any dedicated CA nodes in mobile ad hoc networks, and trust of nodes in heterogeneous CAs can be managed securely and automatically by mobile nodes themselves. Our simulation results have shown that the proposed mechanism can evidently enhance the success ratio of identity authentication between communicating nodes.


The analysis and evaluation of transit operations and control, in particular  in the context of Advanced Public Transport System (APTS) requires the dynamic  modeling of the transit system. A dynam ...


Photocatalytic reduction of benzaldehyde and nitrotoluene in microspace was investigated by using a microreactor with immobilized titanium dioxide. Advantages of a photocatalytic microreaction syst...


This research is based on the increasing number of trafficking crime cases, in Indonesia the problem of trafficking in persons becomes one of the big threats where every year almost instantly children and women in Indonesia become the special victim of West Java Province which is the victim recipient, as the transit place, The modus operandi carried out by the perpetrator, pimp or brokers in a professional manner because it is supported by the influence of technological progress and information on the victim with promises will be employed in the city with a large salary when the city reaches the destination of the victims tricked and taken to become sex workers With the aim To enrich themselves. The purpose of this study is to find out how the legal form for children who are victims of the Crime of Trafficking in Persons (TPPO) in the positive criminal law in Indonesia and the factors that cause trafficking of children and women in Indonesia. This study uses the normative juridical method, which is an approach method that emphasizes the legal law premises how to examine the rules of applicable law. Data technique used in this research is literature study and internet media by collecting secondary data from books, scientific essays, articles, journals, and documents related to the studied. The result of research which is a legal form for child victims of Crime of Trafficking in Persons of Positive Criminal Law in Indonesia is regulated in various general and special law regulation, namely General Criminal Law (Penal Code), Law Number 13 of 2006 on the Protection of Witnesses and Victims, while specifically, Law Number 21 of  2007 on the Eradication of Crime of Trafficking in Persons, Law Number 35 of  2014 About Amendment to Law Number 23 of 2002 on Child Protection, West Java Regulation No. 3 of 2008 About Prevention and Handling Victims of Trafficking Persons in West Java. The factors causing the trafficking of children and women in Indonesia are economic factors or poverty, ecological factors, socio-cultural factors, gender equality inequality, law enforcement factors, legal factors, facilities and facilities, community factors, cultural factors.


This article outlines an innovative approach to the instruction of foreign languages: a term-long role-playing game in the style of tabletop role-playing games such as Dungeons & Dragons. Students adopt personas, avatars, or "player characters" and take them through adventures, exploration, puzzles, and fights with monsters, all of which are tied to specific language-acquisition exercises and practice. I detail at length my specific implementation in an advanced undergraduate Latin prose composition course at Wake Forest University and its overall successful results. I also offer advice, cautions, and additional resources for both small-scale and large-scale implementations of the role-playing game pedagogical methodology.


The fluid is submitted to gravity and is compressible while the conduit is elastic or not. The equations are those of continuity, of momentum, of fluid compressibility and eventually of pipe elasticity. From a state of flow at t = n * Δ t , we suppose a regim (submerged or not) at each section at t = ( n + 1) * Δ t . Taking into consideration the variations of height or pressure derived from these assumptions, we calculate a state of flow that will be the state of flow at t = ( n + 1) * Δ t if the calculated regims agree with the supposed regims. The method is used to determine the water-hammer in a channel bounded by a wall at one end and by a ceiling, and the partially free-surface, partially pressurized flow in a pipe.


ABSTRACT There has been a sustained public policy focus on the governance of superannuation funds in Australia due to the compulsory nature of the superannuation system established in 1992. Much of the attention on governance relates to the independence of directors on the trustee board companies of profit-to-member funds. Little consideration has been given to the gender diversity of these boards. This article explores changes to gender diversity on the trustee boards of 59 profit-to-member superannuation funds between 2010 and 2019. It shows a steady increase in the proportion of females appointed to these boards over this ten-year period. It draws out some important differences in female representation on public offer and non-public offer superannuation funds. It also reveals differences in the rate and extent of female representation among member and employer representatives on these trustee boards. Finally, it shows that there is a widening pool of females appointed to superannuation trustee boards rather than a shallow pool of women who serve on multiple boards.


The purpose of this study was to identify the associations between parental and child psychosocial factors and pain in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The sample comprised 142 patients with JIA and the attending parent. Explorative factor analysis was used to identify higher-order factors reflecting the interaction between the parent (parental anxiety and depressive symptoms, parental illness management, and parental self-efficacy) and child (trait anxiety, depression, functional disability, pain, and self-efficacy) variables. Linear multiple regression analysis was used to investigate the extent to which these common factors might account for variance in the levels of pain experienced by children diagnosed with JIA. One of the higher-order factors comprised both parental and child variables. This and two additional factors were uniquely associated with the children's pain reports in the regression analysis. Research and clinical implications are discussed in light of the findings of the study.


356 Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Retrieval Number: F61290486S19\19©BEIESP ABSTRACT Management of anesthesia is significant for both surgery and intensive care. The intravenous anesthetics are widely used to provide steady maintenance and speed recovery compared with inhaled anesthetics. The current work analyses the technique to describe the effects of anesthetic drug Propofol in the introduction of hypnosis on a patient during surgery procedure. The model is developed by considering the regular three-compartmental pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics Wiener model and conventional controller for adjustment of Depth of hypnosis through Bispectral Index scale (BIS) value. It provides a reliable and safe methodology for infusing anesthesia using closed loop control technology and analysis of human electroencephalogram (EEG) to measure the depth of anesthesia in patients. Two patient sets of datasets are considered during this procedure. The outcomes obtained for different patients show that the standard model fits the data with the developed Simulink based model. The paper designs the plasma concentration 3-compartmental model using PID controller to control the depth of hypnosis and infusion rate during surgery through the reference value BIS of patient. Because of simplicity and robustness of PID controller, it is widely used for industrial plants. The developed model is compared with sliding mode controller. The results shows the transient control system characteristics of delay time, rise time, peak time, maximum overshoot and settling time.


The objective of the Displaced Persons & Border Communities Project is to improve access to livelihoods and socio-economic infrastructure for displaced people and host communities in the targeted areas. The major restructuring changes for the GLR Displaced Persons and Border Communities Project are as follows: change of closing date from December 31, 2021 to June 24, 2019; cancellation of undisbursed grant proceeds in the amount of SDR 1,920,449; and reallocation of funds under expenditure Category 1, from a current allocation of SDR 2,300,000 to a revised allocation of SDR 379,550.88.


Abstract The decay rate of an electron-capture nucleus is proportional to the electron density at the nucleus. To see how the decay rate is changed by artificially, we have measured the half-life of7Be in beryllium(Be) metal at room temperature (T=293 K) and at close to the temperature of liquid helium (T=5 K). We found that the half-life of7Be in Be metal at T=293 K is 53.25 ± 0.04 d, which is slightly longer than those in the hosts of graphite, lithium fluoride and other minerals, surveyed so far. Furthermore, that at T=5 K is 53.39 ± 0.04 d, which is 0.26% longer than that at T =293 K.


Alkanoate esters are found to couple with various nitriles to give (Z)-3-amino-2-alkenoates in good yields with the aid of a magnesium amide prepared by the reaction of ethylmagnesium bromide and diisopropylamine. The C–C bond forming reaction was applied to (2S,3S)-2,3-(cyclohexylidenedioxy)butanenitrile and the resulting adduct was successfully converted into N-benzoyl-L-daunosamine in 41% overall yield through a sequence of functional group manipulation; acetylation, hydrogenation, hydrolysis and benzoylation, lactonization and finally reduction. By the similar process, (2R,3S)-2,3-(cyclohexylidenedioxy)butanenitrile was transformed to N-benzoyl-L-acosamine in 25% overall yield.


Three new species of marine nematodes belonging to the genera Paranticoma (family Anticomidae) and Parodontophora (family Axonolaimidae) are described from the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea. Paranticoma tricerviseta sp. nov. is similar to P. bandaenseMicoletzky and Kreis, 1930 in the spicules, but can be distinguished by the presence of a ventral projection on the spicules, three regularly arranged cervical setae in both the male and female, and two distinct ventral setae behind the anus. Parodontophora deltensis sp. nov. is close to P. paragranulifera (Timm, 1952) in the length of the amphids, with the ventral arm of the amphid extending past the base of the stoma, but can be separated by the ratio of dorsal arm length to ventral arm (0.36–0.55 versus 0.20–0.25) and the position of the excretory pore (at the middle level versus top level of the stoma), distinctive cervical setae arrangement and a longer renette cell. Parodontophora wuleidaowanensis sp. nov. is close to P. danker Belogurov and Kartavtseva, 1975 in the form of the amphids, but can be distinguished by the longer length of the ventral arm of the amphids and the distinctive arrangement of cervical setae.


SDG4 - Quality Education: Inclusivity, Equity and Lifelong Learning For All will explore the multifaceted and complex nature of the concepts of inclusivity and quality education.


The carbon-fiber-reinforced poly phenylene sulfide (PPS/CF), which exhibits low density, low energy dissipation, and relatively high elastic modulus among polymers, is a promising material as the vibrating body of lightweight ultrasonic motors (USMs). Interestingly, the flexible usage of the anisotropy in PPS/CF's elastic property (induced by carbon fibers' reinforcement) offers a new idea to enhance the torque densities and power densities of the polymer-based USMs. As the key issue of flexibly using the anisotropy, this study aims to accomplish the optimal arrangement of the carbon-fibers' filling direction according to the structure, the vibration mode, and the piezoelectric material's polarization direction of the PPS/CF-based motor by performing model construction, structural optimization, and experimental verification. Initially, the dynamic model capable of setting PPS/CF's anisotropically elastic moduli with the changeable filling direction is established to analyze the vibration characteristics. Subsequently, to increase the vibration velocity, the stiffness, and the electromechanical coupling factors, the optimization is carried out for the PPS/CF-based ring-shaped vibrators, where the optimal angle between the filling direction and the vibrator's bottom surface is estimated as 60°. Finally, a prototype of the PPS/CF-based vibrator 30 mm in diameter and 8.5 mm in height is fabricated to form a rotary motor, whose movement and load characteristics are investigated through experiments. At 250 V voltage and 24.42 kHz frequency, the motor yields the no-load rotation speed, the maximal torque, and the maximal output power of 99.3 r min−1, 29.8 mNm, and 72 mW, respectively. Moreover, its torque density and power density reach respectively 7.1 Nm kg−1 and 17.1 W kg−1, relatively high among the rotary motors with polymer vibrating bodies. This study validates the effectiveness of our idea and also provides a basic approach to design lightweight USMs that employ newly-developed materials with anisotropically elastic properties and good vibration characteristics.


Objective To evaluate the clinical outcome of our patients who underwent hemorrhoidopexywithout stapler due to hemorrhoidal disease,and discuss in accompaniment with the literature. Materials and Methods The patients, who werediagnosed with 3 rd and 4 th degree hemorrhoidal disease and underwent hemorrhoidopexy without stapler between January 2014 and October 2014 were included. They were evaluated for postoperative morbidity, analgesic requirement, and recurrence. Results Sixty percent were males and the mean age was 42 (range 24-60) years. The mean operative time was 60 (40-80) min. The mean parenteral analgesic doses during the first 36 h were 3. All patients received oral analgesics alone after 24 h. No significant postoperative morbidity was observed. The mean in-patient hospital stay was 2 (1-3) days. Patients were followed-up for 12 (range, 7-18) months. Two patients complained of bleeding on the first two postoperative periods. One patient complained of pain and one patient complained of tenesmus in the followup period.No recurrence of hemorrhoids was seen. Conclusion The patients can return to their daily activities early with hemorrhoidopexy because of less pain and quick recovery period. We consider that appropriate patient selection is important in the success of this method. Without stapler we are attaining the positive results similar to that of stapled hemorrhoidopexy procedure. And it is very much cost effective as compared to stapled hemorrhoidopexy.


INTRODUCTION: A clustering method for HT-SELEX is crucial for selecting different types of aptamer candidates. We have developed FSBC method for HT-SELEX data implemented in R. FSBC exhibited the highest accuracy of sequence clustering compared with conventional methods, while the processing time of FSBC is longer than AptaCluster. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to improve the processing time of FSBC. METHODS: We propose pFSBC, which reduces the processing time of ORS estimation in FSBC by introducing parallel implementation. RESULTS: The processing time and clustering accuracy were evaluated with the last round of NCBI SRA data of SRR3279661 from BioProject PRJNA315881 comparing with other conventional clustering methods. We demonstrated that pFSBC exhibited the highest clustering accuracy and the shortest processing time. CONCLUSION: We expect that pFSBC will help to avoid the time-consuming clustering task, and it will provide accurate clustering results for the HT-SELEX data. Received on 30 June 2020; accepted on 01 October 2020; published on 19 October 2020


We used reciprocal transplant experiments to test the relative strengths of the effects of plant clone and environment on the density of insect herbivores both directly, via plant effects, and indirectly, via natural enemy effects. We performed reciprocal transplants of Spartina alterniflora, salt marsh cord grass, among three sites that differed in environmental characteristics, in densities of the herbivore Prokelisia marginata, and in attack rates of Prokelisia eggs by the parasitoid Anagrus sophiae. Herbivore density was significantly affected by both site of origin (plant clone) and recipient site (local environment). This may be because both plant clone and local environment affect plant quality or because they affect attack rates of herbivores by natural enemies. Our results show that in the Spartina–Prokelisia–Anagrus system, the effects of plants on herbivores via their natural enemies may be equivalent in strength to plant quality effects.


Disclosed is a method for optimizing an atoric surface of an optical glass, especially a spectacle glass, having at least one plane of symmetry.The inventive method is characterized by the following combination of features: the atoric surface having at least one plane of symmetry is divided up into at least two areas separated by at least one plane of symmetry; one of the separated areas (the represented area) is represented by a coefficient set of B-spline functions; the rising heights in the at least one other area are calculated by reflecting the coefficients or coordinates on the at least one plane of symmetry; the atoric surface is optimized by varying the B-spline coefficient set of the represented area.


Type 2 diabetes, characterized by malfunction of pancreatic β cells, is affected by multiple cues including sex differences. Nevertheless, mechanisms of sex differences in type 2 diabetes susceptibility and pathogenesis remain unclear. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology, we showed that sexual dimorphism of transcriptome exists in both mouse and human β cells, and differs significantly in human under diabetic condition. Our analysis further revealed the existence of sex-dependent type 2 diabetes altered genes in both mice and human beings, suggesting divergences in pathological mechanisms of type 2 diabetes between sexes. Our results indicated that sex should be taken into consideration when treating diabetes, which was further validated by the sex-matched and sex-mismatched islet transplantation in mice. Compared to sex-matched transplants, sex-mismatched transplants showed downregulation of genes involved in the longevity regulating pathway in β cells and led to impaired glucose tolerance in diabetic mice. Taken together, our findings could advance current understanding of type 2 diabetes pathogenesis with sexually dimorphic perspectives and provide new insights to the development of precision medicine. Context and Significance Amounting evidence has shown that sex plays a crucial role for glucose homeostasis and onset risk of diabetes. Based on pancreatic β cell transcriptome profiling at single cell resolution, we focused on identifying sexually dimorphic transcriptomes and sex-dependent type 2 diabetes genes in both mouse and human. Given the importance revealed by our study that different pathological mechanisms of type 2 diabetes exist between sexes, sex differences should be taken into consideration for innovative precision medicine when treating diabetes. Highlights Sex-biased gene expression pattern exists in both mouse and human β cells, and differs dramatically under diabetic condition in human. In both human and mouse β cells, abundant sex-dependent type 2 diabetes altered genes are identified. Sex-specific interspecies conservation of type 2 diabetes altered metabolic pathways exists. Sex-matched islet transplantation in diabetic mice yields better control of glucose homeostasis than sex-mismatched transplantation. Graphic Abstract


At present,although in our country many cases of public interest litiga -tion have emerged,it has no provision regarding public interest litigation.There are many problems displayed in these aspects:the civics are unable or are not willing to file the lawsuit.The court does accept the case give by all kinds of reason,or rejects the prosecution,or decides the plaintiff to lose a lawsuit.Sometimes although the victim wins,but has not achieved the anticipated maintenance public interest the effect.The reasons are that the elements including traditional standard litigant theory, and traditional culture,security,cost influence.The mechanism that stimulate the civics to file the public interest litigation should consummate the litigant system from the legislation and other ways,such as to reward to the plaintiff and to establish paid system of winning lawyers and penalty compensation.


Objstracts:To explore the principle of intemal flxators system in treatment of lower limb fracture.Methods:Holding the datum by observating the operations and analysing the changes in photos of lower limb fracture treated with internal fixators.Results:The excellent result is 94.88% after 3-24 months follow-up.Conslution:The internal fixators system is proper method in treating lower limb fracture.Analysing its characteristics before operation can improve the results.


Non financial motivators are very essential in maximizing the performance of employees. Literature shows that there is little study of a considerable depth that has been carried out to determine the effect of non financial motivation strategies on employee performance. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of job rotation on employee performance, a study of Kenya Commercial Bank. The study was conducted in 6 KCB branches in the North Rift region. The study adopted a case study research design approach. Census technique was used to collect data from 6 branches of Kenya Commercial Bank in the North Rift Region. The study relied on both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected through questionnaires while secondary data was sourced through review of relevant records. Data analysis for this study was conducted through qualitative and quantitative methods. Questionnaires were tested for reliability and validity. Data coding, entry and analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 20.0). The analyzed data was presented using frequency tables, proportions and percentages. Research findings indicate that majority of the respondents acknowledge that job rotation affected their performance. From regression analysis, it was observed that job rotation contributed to 55.29% of employee performance.


Proportional reasoning is a key topic both at school and in everyday life. However, students are often misled by their preconceptions regarding proportions. Our hypothesis is that these limitations can be mitigated by working on alternative ways of categorizing situations that enable more adequate inferences. Multiple categorization triggers flexibility, which enables reinterpreting a problem statement and adopting a more relevant point of view. The present study aims to show the improvements in proportional reasoning after an intervention focusing on such a multiple categorization. Twenty-eight 4th and 5th grade classes participated in the study during one school year. Schools were classified by the SES of their neighborhood. The experimental group received 12 math lessons focusing on flexibly envisioning a situation involving proportional reasoning from different points of view. At the end of the school year, compared to a control group, the experimental group had better results on the posttest when solving proportion word problems and proposed more diverse solving strategies. The analyses also show that the performance gap linked to the school's SES classification was reduced. This offers promising perspectives regarding multiple categorization as a path to overtake preconceptions and develop cognitive flexibility at school.


Objective:To analyze the cost-effectiveness of pazufloxacin and levofloxacin in treatment of urinary tract infection. Methods: 70 cases with urinary infection were randomly divided into 2 groups,in which they were treated with pazufloxacin and levofloxacin, respectively. The cost-effectiveness in two groups was analyzed and compared with each other by pharmacoeconomical methods. Results: There was no significant diffe-rence in therapeutic effect between two groups(P0.05),such as effective rates of 94.3% and 88.6%,bacterial clearance rates of 91.4% and 85.7% and undesired event rates of 5.71% and 8.57% in pazufloxacin group and levofloxacin group.However,there was significant difference in cost-effectiveness ratio between two group,16.96 and 9.30 respectively in pazufloxacin group and levofloxacin group (P0.05). Conclusion: Levofloxacin has cost-effective advantage over pazufloxacin in the treatment of urinary tract infection.


There has been a great change in India's Higher education over a period of time. With privatization and upcoming of foreign universities, education industry has emerged. The paper intends to take a look at the education quality assessed by a primary survey of students from Delhi University. The intention is to identify the parity of present curriculum with the real world requirements, to evaluate the overall satisfaction from the teaching quality, college life, college infrastructure, career opportunities and to identify the changes that can be made in the teaching mode to improvise the higher education quality particularly in Delhi University on the bases of the responses obtained from graduate and post graduate students.


We report on specific problems confronting patients, family members, and the medical team during bone marrow transplantation: problems resulting from conflicts patients have in coping with their illness, the resulting consequences, the duration of treatment, furthermore the problems donors may have, the often quite strained family dynamics, and especially problems resulting from the interaction between all those involved on the ward. Loyalty conflicts, overstrain, and feelings of guilt as well as projection must be mentioned here; the forced proximity also represents a great strain on all persons involved in a bone marrow transplantation. Case reports demonstrate the advantages of a liaison-consultation service between the Department of Haematology/Oncology and the Department of Psychosomatic Medicine in which psychotherapeutic interventions achieve a greater understanding of the many psychological problems.


One of the most important areas of concern in the literature of Malamatiyya and Qalandariyyah is the subject related to taboo breaking or rising against common taboos of this literature. In fact, Taboo refers to prohibition of talking and taking action against anything which is either too important or too sacred. There are obsolete terms and concepts that have been challenged via certain encyclopedia of Malamatiyya literature. The style of Malamatiyya and Qalandariyyah poetry is, indeed, a kind of poetry in which poet is trying to raise question about official, customary, religious, moral and sacred values of the society by the purpose of replacing them with other values. This study strives to define the term "taboo" in line with "Malamatiyya and Qalandariyyah poetry". Furthermore, this essay tends to explain the contributions of taboo and taboo-breaking in this supreme literature. The author tries somewhat to divulge the secret behind the formation of important words of Malamatiyya literature.


Older nursing staff at a south coast primary care trust (PCT) have had their contracts terminated because of a financial crisis.


Heavy metals pollution of water and soil caused by industrial activities has become a prominent envi- ronmental concern in Pakistan. Thus, it is important to examine the contaminants concentration in water and soil close to the industrial areas. In this study, we have evaluated the different heavy met- als contamination in groundwater and soil at tannery areas of three large cities of Pakistan, Lahore, Karachi and Sialkot. Groundwater and soil samples collected from Lahore, Karachi and Sialkot tannery areas and examined for chromium, iron, nickel, cadmium, lead, copper, and manganese by atomic absorption spectrometer. The results presented that groundwater and soil in the Lahore, Karachi, and Sialkot are highly contaminated with several heavy metals. Particularly, the concentration of chromium varied from 0.41 to 1.107 mg L –1 in Lahore, 0.35 to 2.209 mg L –1 in Karachi and 0.31 to 2.29 mg L –1 in Sialkot and from 1,731 to 2,554 mg kg –1 in Lahore, from 1,676 to 3,018 mg kg –1 in Karachi and from 1,793 to 3,274 mg kg –1 in Sialkot in groundwater and soil, respectively. Correlation exploration has recognised that metals in soil and groundwater of study areas having common origin/source, believed to be leather processing industries of Lahore, Karachi and Sialkot.


This study shows that, when occupational complexity is controlled for, intelligence has a significant positive effect on Incumbent Perception of Job Complexity (IPJC), in contrast to the negative effect it has on job satisfaction. This result is interpreted to imply that a significant portion of the within-occupation variance in IPJC reflects true variance in job complexity. Implications for the measurement of job complexity and for rive processes that determine job complexity are discussed.


passage in Chapter II of Utilitarianism where it is claimed that "As between his own happiness and that of others, utilitarianism requires [the agent] to be as strictly impartial as a disinterested and benevolent spectator." McCloskey would also have to explain away what Mill goes on to say in discussing Bentham's formula, viz. "All persons are deemed to have a right to equality of treatment, except where some recognized social expediency requires the reverse," which seems plainly to be a qualified principle of fairness. Possibly the most serious criticism of McCloskey's treatment of Mill's ethics is his omission of any discussion of Chapter II of Utilitarianism. In a book intended for students this omission is inexplicable. On the historical side, McCloskey vastly overrates Mill's contribution to the development of moral philosophy, mostly because he subscribes to the silly view thatHume was "primarily concerned to develop a metaethical theory" (p. 57). This ignores Hume's explicit statement that he was concerned "to reach the foundations of ethics, and find those universal principles, from which all censure or approbation is ultimately derived." (Sect. I of the Enquiry Concerning Morals). It seems to me that there is very little in Mill besides mistakes or Benthamism which is not already to be found in Hume in a more plausible, subtle and profound form.


A cauliflower stunt disease associated with phytoplasmas occurs in crops of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) in Sao Paulo state (SP), southeastern region of Brazil. The symptoms are characterized by stunting, extensive malformations of floral parts, leaf reddening, and vessel necrosis. 16SrIII-J and 16SrXV-A phytoplasmas have already been reported in association with this disease in this region (Canale and Bedendo 2013; Rappussi et al. 2012). Herein we report the involvement of 16SrXIII-E phytoplasma with cauliflower stunt disease and the presence of this bacteria in Balclutha hebe leafhopper. DNA was extracted using a DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) from leaf veins of seven symptomatic and seven asymptomatic cauliflower samples collected in May 2008 from a farm located in Morungaba (SP, –22.882603, –46.755783). In addition, in an attempt to identify a possible vector for the phytoplasma, insects were captured using a sweep net from a cauliflower farm in Sorocaba (SP, –23.391314, –47.507474), where the disease occurred in high incidence levels (Rappussi et al. 2012). The most abundant leafhopper species collected with the net was identified as B. hebe Kirkaldy, 1900 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). DNA was also obtained from whole insects using the same extraction kit as we used for plants. Phytoplasma detection was performed with a nested-PCR assay using P1/Tint and R16F2n/R16R2 universal primers specific to the phytoplasma 16S rRNA gene (Lee et al. 1998; Smart et al. 1996). PCR products of the expected size (∼1.2 kb) were obtained from all of the symptomatic cauliflower but not from the collected symptomless samples. We amplified phytoplasma DNA from four out of 15 B. hebe specimens. Two plant amplicons and two leafhopper amplicons were sequenced (Macrogen, Seoul, Korea). Nucleotide sequence alignment revealed that 16S rDNA of the phytoplasma from cauliflower and insect samples shared ˃99% sequence similarity with Papaya apical curl necrosis phytoplasma, a member of the 16SrXIII-E subgroup and previously described by our group (Melo et al. 2013). Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis using AluI, RsaI, KpnI, HpaII, MseI, HhaI, MboI, and BstUI restriction enzymes and in silico analysis using the iPhyClassifier online tool (Zhao et al. 2009) also allowed confirmation of the identification of the phytoplasma affecting cauliflower plant and leafhopper samples as member of the 16SrXIII-E subgroup (F = 1.00). A phylogenetic tree was generated with sequences of 16S rDNA of distinct subgroups affiliated with the 16SrXIII group, using the neighbor-joining method and 1,000 bootstrap replicates (MEGA software, Tamura et al. 2011), using Acholeplasma laidlawii as an outgroup. The phylogenetic analysis supported the identification of cauliflower and B. hebe phytoplasmas reported in this study as members of 16SrXIII-E subgroup. Sequences of the 16SrXIII-E phytoplasmas were deposited in GenBank as the accession JN818844 (Cauliflower stunt phytoplasma) and JN818843 (B. hebe phytoplasma). The 16SrXIII phytoplasma group ('Candidatus Phytoplasma hispanicum') is diverse and apparently restricted to the American continent, affecting a wide range of plant hosts (Davis et al. 2016). B. hebe is a polyphagous generalist species omnipresent in southern and south Brazil. It is reported as a putative vector for Xylella fastidiosa in plum orchards in south Brazil (Hickel et al. 2001). Also, this species was found in grasses within citrus rows in orchards in Sao Paulo, and one specimen was infected with 16SrIX phytoplasma (Marques et al. 2012). B. hebe was abundant within the cauliflower crops in both locations of this study, and its abundance along with our research results indicate that this leafhopper may play a role as a vector for 16SrXIII-E to cauliflower. However, more refined transmission assays employing phytoplasma and insects maintained in a laboratory are needed to prove B. hebe capacity as a phytoplasma vector. Here, we report 'Ca. P. hispanicum' strain as one of the associated phytoplasmas with cauliflower stunt disease in Brazil and B. hebe leafhopper as a putative vector.


A classical case of klippel trenaunay syndrome in a 25 year old male characterized by port wine stain, varicose and increase in length of the right lower extremity associated with ulceration is presented.


Thermal comfort is an important factor in building control, affecting occupant health, satisfaction, and productivity. Building management systems in commercial spaces commonly operate on predefined temperature setpoints and control strategies. Many systems target aggregated cohort comfort and neglect to consider the individual occupant's thermal preferences, leading to high dissatisfaction rates. While recent studies focus on personalized comfort models, such systems mainly operate on occupant preference prediction and do not investigate the reasons for discomfort. This paper presents TREATI's human-in-the-loop decision-making process. TREATI is a framework that targets thermal comfort conflict resolution in shared spaces using rationale management techniques while considering both individual and cohort comfort. TREATI uses several levels of abstraction separating device management, event processing, context, and rationale management. This separation allows users to adapt the framework to existing building management systems to provide fair decision-making.


In recent years the growing use of vertical interval data transmission systems in television broadcasting, such as the Captioning for the Deaf system1 developed by the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)*, has created a renewed interest in the problems of multipath distortion.2 This interest is heightened by the fact that new devices, such as microcomputers and charge coupled delay devices (CCD's), make possible an economic solution to this problem for the first time, not only for data but for video as well3, although the work described herein has concentrated primarily on data applications.


Historically, visual culture in Britain has been shaped by transnational movements as exiles, émigrés and migrant workers visited, settled or continued on journeys to and from Britain. Subject to continental European immigration for centuries, the British Isles thus owed much to those who came across the channel or the North Sea to England, Scotland or Wales. In the twentieth century, the influence of more recent migratory movements is apparent, from those from Britain's former colonies to the largely well-educated immigrants from continental Europe who came to Britain from the 1930s to the mid-1950s. This latter group, which left its mark less in terms of place names and language than in artistic and creative practices, is the subject of this special issue of Visual Culture in Britain. 'Channel Crossings: Continental European Émigrés and British Visual Culture, 1933–56' contributes to a reconsideration of the relationships between émigrés and visual culture in Britain; as the German émigré and art historian Nikolaus Pevsner put it, 'England has indeed profited just as much from the un-Englishness of the immigrants as they have profited from the Englishing they underwent'. Referencing Prince Albert, a potent symbol for the German-speaking émigré experience, in part as a result of the portrayal of him by the German émigré actor Anton Walbrook in the 1937 British classic film Victoria the Great, Pevsner observed, 'no-one in English history is a more telling and encouraging case of this than the Prince Consort'. The impact of German-speaking émigrés on the theories and practices of mid-twentieth-century visual culture in Britain has been profound and, as this introductory essay demonstrates, its historiography has taken various forms especially from the 1970s. A characteristic has been the emergence of nuanced, complex accounts that disavow neat disciplinary boundaries and mark a shift from an approach focusing on authorship to one foregrounding agency. An objective of this special issue, and the conference that preceded it, is to cut across discrete disciplines, including film, photography, fine art, architecture and design, considering visual culture as a whole in order to draw parallels, explore synergies and identify obvious differences within specific creative practices. At the same time, geography, location and place were critical factors as the trajectories of émigré journeys pointed both westwards to the USA and outwards from the metropolitan centre of London to the countryside and the English provinces, as secure employment became vital, whether in business, higher education, industry or professional practice.


The novelty in the proposed seat design consists in allowing a free vertical motion of the back rest, so as to decrease the strain on the spinal column. Road and vibrating table tests show that the strain is indeed considerably reduced. A simple mathematical model of the seated human body provides a qualitative explanation of this improvement


InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiodes (APDs) with gain-bandwidth products as high as 140 GHz, low effective ionization rate ratio and excellent reliability were fabricated. Receivers using these APDs had sensitivities better than -27.5 dBm.


Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris) is a host of the beet cyst nematode (BCN) Heterodera schachtii Schmidt, which causes high yield losses. Resistance had been identified in the wild relative Patellifolia procumbens and was integrated into the sugar beet genome by a translocation to the end of chromosome 9. Two nematode resistant (TR520 and TR363) and two susceptible (TR659 and TR320), sugar beet translocation lines which share partly homologous sequences from P. procumbens chromosome 1, were the focus of my research. I hypothesized that a second gene for nematode resistance (Hs1-2) is located on a region shared by both resistance carrying translocations.
The aim of this work was the identification of the Hs1-2 gene. The work includes a functional analysis of a candidate sequence for the Hs1-2 gene (ORF 702) which encodes a galactosyltransferase family protein and which had been identified in a previous work. Moreover, new gene candidates have been identified and characterized after whole genome shotgun (WGS) sequencing using the Illumina HiSeq platform of the translocation lines TR520 and TR363.


The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for providing a UPnP specifications to be changed dynamically, the method for providing a UPnP specification according to the invention is based on the change of the detection and service configuration that changing service configuration of the device is for services updating the specification describing the information, and allows the specification as to the notification that the updates, the service configuration and to match the dynamic UPnP specification, the UPnP control device is properly configured service allows the control point changed. UPnP, the controlled device, inventory, installation protocol, notification device


The addition of 10% of sodium chloride to milk caused an average drop in pH of 0·42 unit. Different workers have found very variable relations between the pH of cream and the pH of salted butter churned from it. When 10% of sodium chloride is added to 0·2% solutions of sodium citrate or sodium phosphate there is a drop in pH of the order of 1 unit. When an alkaline solid phase is present as in the serum of neutralized cream and butter, and in milk, this change in pH may be diminished or reversed, possibly by increased solubility of the alkaline precipitate in sodium chloride solution. Factors are listed which will cause the pH of salted butter to differ from that of the cream from which it was made. In the churning of alkaline creams there occurs in the butter an increase in the proportion to the serum water of calcium phosphate and of other solids-not-fat.


Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) associated with this disease closely approximates the oxidative damage inflicted on retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells by high glucose,in recent years,people devote themselves to the protection of RPE cells extensively. Objective To investigate the protective effect of pancreatic β MIN-6 cells on retinal pigment epithelial(RPE) cells from high glucose-induced damage. Methods RPE cells were incubated with normal medium for 4 d and divided into 3 groups:normal glucose group,high glucose group and MIN-6 cells group.RPE cell were exposed with 5 mmol/L normal glucose in normal glucose group,exposed with 30 mmol/L high glucose in high glucose group,and exposed with 5 × 104 MIN-6 cells and 30 mmol/L high glucose in MIN-6 cells group.After 24 h,cell viability of RPE cells was determined by MTT cell viability assay. Results More than 95% cells showed the brown staining by ABC method.After incubation for another 24 hours,the A550 value was 0.44±0.02,0.30±0.01 and 0.41±0.01 in the normal glucose group,high glucose group and MIN-6 cells group respectively with a significant difference among these three groups (F =19.94,P< 0.01 ).The A55o value was significantly higher in the normal glucose group and the MIN-6 cells group compared with the high glaucose group (t =6.85,5.62,P<0.01 ).The survival rate of RPE cells in the normal glucose group was(97.5±3.3 )%,and that in the high glucose group was ( 68.2 ± 4.5 ) %,showing significant difference between them ( t =11.30,P<0.01 ).Conclusions High glucose-induced damage of RPE cells is abrogated,and MIN-6 cells can protect RPE cells from high glucose-induced damage.

Key words:
High glucose; MIN-6 cell; Retinal pigment epithelial cell


Abstract.
 We assessed the feasibility of determining the nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) content of fresh, greenhouse-grown tomato leaves by using a new polarisation reflectance spectrum spectro-goniophotometer system developed by our research group and coupled with appropriate multivariate calibration methods. The main factors that affect the polarised reflectance characteristics of tomato leaves are discussed, including incident zenith angle, azimuth, detection zenith angle, and polariser angle. Orthogonal experiments and range analyses were performed to verify the optimum angle combination from the polarised reflectance parameters. Optimum angle combination experiments were then conducted to fine-tune the optimal parameters, which resulted in the following conditions: incident zenith angle, 60°; viewing zenith angle, 45°; polariser on light source, 0°; polariser on detector, 45°; and azimuth, 180°. On this basis, 122 fresh leaves of greenhouse-grown tomato were used to establish models of N and K content. Results showed that the performance of the iPLS-GA model under incident zenith angle 60° was superior to that of the other models. The optimal model for N was achieved with R = 0.9418 and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) = 0.519 in the prediction set; the optimal model for K was achieved with R = 0.8645 and RMSEP = 0.700 in the prediction set. The results show that it is feasible to measure the nutrient content of fresh, greenhouse-grown tomato leaves by polarisation reflectance spectroscopy with an appropriate multivariate calibration model under angle selection. This method allows for in-depth study of plant nutrient status and rapid detection at the single-leaf scale and has theoretical and practical significance.


Based on LMI method and "Descriptor form"-based Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, the problem of H∞ controller design is discussed for nonlinear time-delay control systems with uncertain input delay. Memoryless and memory state feedback control is designed, in which the estimate of the unknown delay parameter is contained in the memory part. At the same time, an adaptive control strategy for the unknown delay parameter of the input vector is proposed and the sufficient condition of its solution is also presented.


Abstract Heat-seeking missiles, using optical techniques, have been one of the most successful anti-air weapons since their introduction into operational service about 40 years ago. Their relative simplicity and small size makes them difficult to defeat with other so-called hard-kill weapons. A number of techniques have been investigated for defeating these very lethal guided weapons. The most successful techniques are known as soft-kill methods and can be divided into two broad categories whether they are dispensed from a platform, typically an aircraft, or remain fixed to the platform. This paper considers the "cat and mouse" interaction between the development of onboard countermeasure techniques, known as jammers, and the evolution of seeker technology.


Epidemiological studies on substance use in German population samples have a long tradition, but epidemiological research has rather been limited until recently. This obviously contradictory statement needs some explanation. Since 1973 large-scale representative surveys in the youth population from 12 to 24 years have been carried out on a regular basis, commissioned by the Federal Centre for Health Education, and since 1980 similar surveys have been done in the adult population (18–39 respectively 59 years) commissioned by the Federal Department of Health. Based on 14 cross-sectional studies conducted in the last 25 years, prevalence figures, consumption patterns and long-term trends have been analysed, as a basis for the documentation of substance use and indications of abuse in Germany [1, 2] and for the planning of health political activities of different governmental organisations [for an overview of early studies in this area, see 3 and 4]. But given the large amount of such surveys, in-depth analyses of these data have only recently started to be carried out. Furthermore there was a lack of prospective studies on the course of substance use over time or on risk and protective factors for the onset of different stages of substance use and dependence. Longitudinal studies based on modern classification systems such as ICD-10 or DSM-III/IV and adequate diagnostic instruments were not conducted, except for clinical studies.


Using data collected from 188 employees,their supervisors and their coworkers,the present study aims to find support for the unique effect of I/C on OCB beyond justice perception,as well as the moderating effect on the relationship between justice and OCB.Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that if justice perception was under control,I/C still explained the unique variance of both supervisor-rated and peer-rated OCB,and interaction between procedure justice and I/C explained the variance of peer-rated OCB.The results shows that I/C is a significant predictor on supervisor-rated OCB,as well as a moderator between procedure justice and peer-rated OCB.


Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are being increasingly used in electrochemically controllable synthesis of functional nanomaterials because of their unique merits (e.g., high conductivity, wide electrochemical windows and environmental friendship). Herein, we report a novel strategy in DESs for the fabrication of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-supported Pd-based alloy nanostructures. Using a NaBH4 solvothermal reduction process in DESs, highly active PdSn alloy nanocatalysts supported on MWCNTs towards the formic acid oxidation (FAO) reaction were synthesized for the first time. The as-synthesized materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrochemical tests. The results demonstrate that the PdSn nanocluster structure with a rough surface provides a high density of catalytically active sites and thereby increases the electrochemically active surface area. There is a strong charge transfer interaction between Pd and Sn in the PdSn/MWCNT catalyst due to its high degree of alloying. The electrochemical studies indicate that the PdSn/MWCNT shows remarkably improved electrocatalytic performance towards FAO compared to Pd/MWCNT and commercial Pd/C catalysts. This study suggests an effective synthesis strategy for Pd-based electrocatalysts with high performance for DFAFCs applications.


In the current market,most printer products are not based on operating system.This makes some parallel tasks can run but in serial manner,so it increases the time of program running and reduces the efficiency of program executing.If we develop products basing on operating system,and design tasks by parallel way,we can take full advantage of system resources,shorten the time of designing and debugging,and improve the efficiency of work.μClinux is derived from Linux,it is reduced and optimized from Linux and specially used for embedded system.It makes special improvement for embedded processor,and so becomes the first choice of embedded operating system.This paper describes the driver rules of μClinux and the process of designing thermal-printer driver on μClinux.


Sequential mixed-mode surveys are often now used as an alternative to single-mode interviewer-administered designs, bringing benefits from each mode. We assess the effects of the introduction of a sequential web-CAPI mixed-mode design over three waves of a longitudinal survey in which members were previously interviewed by CAPI. Data come from a large-scale randomized experiment carried out on the Understanding Society Innovation Panel. No differences in cumulative response rates are found between the mixed mode design and CAPI design and only minimal differences are found in sample composition. Potential cost savings with mixed modes are evident.


Presented is a new microstrip-fed dual frequency printed L-shaped monopole antenna, which can be used in one radiating element with two operating frequencies in the 2.4 and 5.2 GHz bands. The length of the antenna's larger strip can controls the lower operating mode of the propose antenna, while the length of the smaller strip is designed to generate a resonant mode for the upper operating mode at 5.2 GHz. The proposed antenna can easily be excited by a 50-/spl Omega/ microstrip line, good impedance matching can be obtained for operating frequencies within both the WLAN and HIPERLAN bands.


Shifting school science towards RRI
ENGAGE was aimed to give the next generation of students the knowledge, skills and attitudes to deal with socio-scientific issues in their lives, and develop informed opinions on emerging science and technology. ENGAGE's goal is to embed Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) within the science curriculum and change the way science is taught. Through a set of innovative strategies, we have attempted to shift the emphasis from transmitting a body of scientific knowledge towards applying science to issues that matter to students. At the heart of ENGAGE is using authentic activities to simulate how citizens conduct inquiries. ENGAGE operates on a major scale. More than 15,000 teachers have signed up across 11 partner countries: UK. Greece, Germany, France, Romania, Israel, Spain, Norway, Switzerland, Lithuania, and Cyprus.
State of the art innovation
Teachers need make major changes in practice to use socio-scientific issues in the classroom. Therefore ENGAGE chose a thought-out, multi-pronged approach and created a series of positive conditions for change. We created high-quality lessons that would encourage RRI-based teaching through effective engagement. We also constructed an escalated step pathway of progression in teaching skills load to foster teacher change- In the ENGAGE model, once teachers gain confidence with the intuitive ADOPT teaching approaches, a proportion progress to using more advanced ADAPT materials in the next stage. This second stage involves a deeper interest and commitment to the ENGAGE philosophy, because the materials demand more curriculum time to explicitly teach RRI skills. The third step, called TRANSFORM, is our experiment in project-based learning. It was designed for a small proportion of teachers who wanted to make RRI and socio-scientific issues a major focus of their curriculum enhancement. We provided support to help them plan an issue-based project where students could engage in more autonomous and extended enquiry, and interact with practising scientists.
Using an approach to materials that utilise science issues from the news into fully realised and resourced lessons that help teachers use often unfamiliar teaching approaches was based on an already popular model tried and tested resource lead approach lead in the UK.
The programme is supported by three key strategies that take a funnel approach to involvement, with more teachers at the ADOPT phase and fewer reaching the TRANSFORM phase, but those that do having a deeper involvement.
1) The first step, ADOPT, has a very accessible and attractive entry point to achieve take-up on a large scale.
2) For teachers who were curious to find out why the lessons worked, we developed workshops and online courses to teach the tools for using the materials effectively.
3) We set up an online community to stimulate reflective dialogue and interaction with more knowledgeable mentors.


In conclusion, high-performance FeFET memory devices were developed with single-crystal oligothiophene as an active channel. We could confirm that remnant polarization was maintained when the films were annealed above melting temperature of PVDF CTFE. And with this film, device showed not only high on/off ratio about 103 but also large hysteresis memory window with saturated region. With above results from measurement of remnant polarization and memory device property, we could realize that PVDF CTFE thin film has high thermal stability in various conditions of annealing temperature.


It is possible to detect within Seamus Heaney's poetry recurring patterns of alternating 'familiarisation' and 'estrangement'. By poems of familiarisation I mean ones in which he strives towards an accurate portrayal of the places, events or individuals that his poems 'st[an]d in for', overcoming 'otherness' with a diligent scrutiny. Cycles of estrangement invariably follow those of familiarisation, as Heaney seeks to recapture something of the 'outsider's' perspective in order to revitalise the poetic energy that familiarity saps from the world around him. In lyrics that re-examine the familiar from a new perspective or re-imagine it in a new context, he re-invents his conditions and renews the world's capacity to surprise. In his 1990 lecture, 'Joy or Night', Heaney declares that


T rauma is the leading cause of death worldwide for those younger than 35 years of age.1 One-third of the patients die from exsanguination.2 Therefore, endovascular techniques to stop ongoing bleeding and prevent future blood loss should be available in any trauma center. In addition, iatrogenic trauma is an increasing problem in today's health care, and endovascular management of these lesions helps decrease associated morbidity. Given the multiple vascular injuries encountered in trauma patients, including dissections, transections, occlusions, pseudoaneurysms (PAs), and arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs), all of which can involve different vascular territories, the performing physician must be familiar with different devices, given that each lesion may need a specific approach for effective treatment.


Background: We previously reported a pilot randomized controlled trial in prostate cancer survivors suggesting that resistance training (RT) 3 days/week versus 2 days/week may improve physical functioning but may also blunt psychosocial improvements. Here, we explore potential motivational explanations for this paradoxical effect. Methods: Prostate cancer survivors (N=30) were randomized to 12 weeks of supervised RT either 3 days/week (n=16) or 2 days/week (n=14). Using the theory of planned behavior, we assessed patient preference for group assignment, perceived difficulty (including specific barriers), perceived benefits (including specific benefits), perceived enjoyment, and perceived support for the RT programs. Results: Patient preference for group assignment was balanced at pre-randomization and did not change after the intervention. At post intervention, there were potentially meaningful differences suggesting that the 3 days/week group perceived less support (d=-0.40; p=0.27), more difficulty (d=+0.36; p=0.34), and fewer benefits (d=-0.30; p=0.37) than the 2 days/week group. Moreover, the 3 days/week group reported less benefit for self-esteem (d=-0.92; p=0.010), physical functioning (d=-0.82; p=0.012), fatigue (d=-0.73; p=0.041), cardiovascular endurance (d=-0.67; p=0.058), and happiness (d=-0.64; p=0.066). Finally, there were potentially meaningful differences suggesting that the 3 days/week group perceived more barriers to the RT program including feeling sick (d=+0.42; p=0.27), traveling to the fitness center (d=+0.36; p=0.32), and other medical problems (d=+0.25; p=0.49). Conclusions: These preliminary data suggest the hypotheses that perceptions of less support, fewer benefits, and more barriers explain why prostate cancer survivors performing RT 3 days/week versus 2 days/week experience fewer psychosocial benefits. These hypotheses should be investigated in larger trials. paper was to explore the motivational basis of 3 versus 2 days/week of RT in prostate cancer survivors to generate hypotheses for larger phase II and III trials. Our Investigation was guided by the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) [20]. We explored differences between the groups on these motivational variables including patient preference for group assignment (conceptualized as what one would intend to do if given the choice), emotional response to randomized group assignment, perceived difficulty (including specific barriers or control beliefs), perceived benefits (including specific benefits or behavioural beliefs), perceived enjoyment, and perceived support. Based on our preliminary data suggesting a better psychosocial response in the 2 days/week group [19], we expected that the 2 days/week group would report a more favourable motivational profile including more support, more enjoyment, more benefits related to psychosocial outcomes and less difficulty/fewer barriers to performing the RT program. Materials and Methods Setting and participants The methods of our pilot randomized controlled trial have Citation: Norris MK, Bell GJ, Courneya KS (2016) A Pilot Study Examining the Motivational Effects of Resistance Training 3 Versus 2 Days Per Week in Prostate Cancer Survivors. J Pros Canc 1: 104.


This presentation will present data on the farm and off-farm income, assets, net worth, and poverty status of farm households in 2007 to 2009. Indicators of income and poverty for farm households will be compared to similar indicators for the rural population in general and to similar sub-groups of the rural population.


In several previous communications the treatment of chronic intractable heart disease by removal of the thyroid gland in toto was demonstrated as a feasible and effective procedure in patients without clinical or pathologic evidence of thyrotoxicosis. 1 The success of this type of therapy was the logical result of an extended series of observations on the circulation in chronic heart disease, hyperthyroidism and myxedema, 2 from which the conclusion had been drawn that by reducing the basal metabolic rate one would lessen the demands on the circulation and relieve the diseased heart of its burden. These considerations were equally applicable to congestive failure and angina pectoris. 3 The permanent reduction of the metabolic rate was accomplished by surgical removal of the entire thyroid gland, according to the technic developed by Berlin and first performed by him, Dec. 15, 1932. This is the first time that a total ablation of the


Buried bumper syndrome is a recognised complication of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) which leads to failure of feeding as the flange of the gastrostomy tube becomes overgrown by the mucosal layer of the stomach. In the case of PEG tubes that usually require endoscopic removal, buried bumpers can be removed either endoscopically or surgically. We present our results of treating buried bumper in our unit. Cases of buried bumper were identified from our Nutrition team database. We undertook a retrospective case-note review to determine outcomes and complications. Buried bumpers were removed either surgically or endoscopically. Endoscopic techniques used were either a pull or a push technique. Each of these was combined with radial cuts of the overgrown mucosa using needle or insulated tip knife and argon plasma coagulation. Jejunal extension tubes, fitted via the PEG, were used for feeding until successful PEG replacement was achieved.Despite a programme of education for nursing homes and carers, twelve cases of buried bumper were found between April 2005 and June 2007 (seven male, five female, median age 62 (range 35–85) years). Models of PEG were Freka size 15 French in eleven patients and size 9 French in one patient. Indications for PEG insertion were post stroke in eight patients, other neurological cause in four patients. Prior to endoscopy all patients underwent assessment by CT scan and two had PEGograms. Two patients died prior to attempted treatment. Ten patients had attempted endoscopy. Two patients could not be intubated. Attempts were made at endoscopic removal in eight cases. Six buried bumpers were successfully removed endoscopically, taking between one and five gastroscopies each (median 3, pull technique used in one case with size 9 French PEG). Two of these patients had antibiotics for pneumonia 2 and 19d post-procedure


Superconducting generators have many advantages such as increasing generation efficiency and improving power system stability. In Japan, 70‐MW‐class superconducting generators have been developed through the national project "Electric Power Application of Superconducting Technologies (1988–1999)." In this paper, performance evaluation of the rotor damper structure for the 70‐MW‐class model generator is discussed. Double‐layered damper structure, which consists of a squirrel‐cage warm damper and a single‐layered cold damper, was set as the target. As the first step, basic electromagnetic and thermal performances were obtained. Consequently, it was proven that the damper structure had the performances to satisfy the requirements of the superconducting generators. Performances obtained from the experimental model, design of the 70‐MW model rotor, and evaluation by the verification tests are described in this paper. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 151(1): 19–33, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20025


Cloud computing has brought a large variety of services available to potential consumers. A recent type of services are the provision of network functions using virtualization. Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) is a network architecture where network node functions such as load balancers, firewalls, IDS, and accelerators are built in software and offered as services. This approach results in reduced complexity in network design, better scalability and agility, as well as faster deployment. We present here a pattern for the NFV architecture.


We study some static and kinetic properties of model electrolyte solutions, confined by two charged plates, for example, ionic exclusion, the force balance between the two plates, and the electrokinetic phenomenological Onsager's coefficients Lmn. The three point extension hypernetted chain/mean spherical integral equation (TPE‐HNC/MSA) was solved to obtain the ionic concentration profiles of a confined restricted primitive model electrolyte and the plate–plate force. We compare the results of this theory with the classically used modified Gouy–Chapman (MGC) point ion theory. It is shown that the properties of the system depend strongly on the charge of the counterions and, hence, the asymmetric 2:1 and 1:2 salts give results similar to those of the symmetric 1:1 and 2:2 salts, respectively. The MGC theory fails to predict the force oscillation between repulsive and attractive and other important features that appear for ultranarrow pores. These discrepancies are enhanced by the presence of doubly charged...


The fundamentals of total quality management were conceived in the United States and widely practiced in U.S. defense industries during World War II. After the war, American experts helped Japanese industrialists rebuild their nation with these techniques. The Japanese applied quality management widely, but Americans did not. Now, many U.S. firms are finding these techniques applicable and useful in their manufacturing operations. Recently, application has spread to finance and investments.This presentation comes from the Quality Management and Institutional Investing conference held in Toronto, Ontario, on October 12-13, 1993.


The safe storage and handling of large /sup 235/U-Al castings at the Savannah River Plant are assured by limiting the number of fuel pieces and their spacing such that the k/sub eff/ calculated by KENO-IV with Hansen-Roach cross sections does not exceed some conservative limit with complete, accidental water immersion. For economic reasons, the conservative limit on the calculated k/sub eff/ is generally chosen as high as possible consistent with an accurate knowledge of the margin of error in the k/sub eff/ calculation. The margin of error for arrays of large, hollow cylinders of highly enriched /sup 235/U-Al alloy fuel in H/sub 2/O is presented. The subcritical reactivities were derived from pulsed neutron measurements. The measurements are extended to castings with 17.39 kg /sup 235/U/m, the pulsed experiments are more accurately analyzed by the ..cap alpha..v/sup -1/ method, and measurements for both 7-assembly hexagonal and 2 x 3 square pitch lattices are compared with KENO-IV calculations.


Enhanced fluctuations from electromagnetic heat flux instabilities may, through wave-particle scattering, constrain the electron heat flux which flows parallel to the background magnetic field in the solar wind. A corollary of this hypothesis is that instability thresholds should correspond to observable bounds on the heat flux. Here plasma and magnetic field data from February and March 1995 of the Ulysses mission is analyzed in terms of the core/halo electron model to yield scaling relations of dimensionless electron parameters and empirical upper bounds on the dimensionless heat flux as functions of the core β. Use of these scaling relations in linear Vlasov theory for the whistler and Alfven heat flux instabilities in homogeneous plasmas yields threshold conditions on the dimensionless heat flux which are also functions of the electron core β. The empirical bounds and the theoretical thresholds are similar and are therefore consistent with the hypothesis.


The invention relates to a conductive spring plate comprising a first part, a second part and a third part which are connected with each other to form a common conductive structure. The third part is fixed on a main board and is in contact with a grounding part (GND) of the main board, the first part with a spring part is in electric contact with a shell, the second part is in contact with an outer shell of a main accessory, and then the grounding part of the main board, the computer shell and the outer shell of the main accessory are conducted so that electromagnetic radiation interference signals (EMI) generated by the end points of a connector of the main accessory and the main board can be reduced.


ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of the adoptive transfer of T cells and B cells from the normal pregnancy mice on pregnant outcome of the abortion-prone mice. MethodsThe experiments were performed in following two groups: using ♀CBA/J×♂BALB/c matings as the normal pregnancy model and ♀CBA/J×♂DBA/2 matings as the abortion-prone model. We tested the proliferative capacity and IL-2 production by pregnant CBA/J splenocytes in response to paternal splenocytes as stimulator cells in an one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction(MLR) and counted the embryo resorption rate at day 14 of gestation. Thereafter,purified T and B cells were obtained from spleens of the pregnant CBA/J mice using magnetic beads at day 9 of gestation,and then injected intravenously into the pregnant CBA/J mice mated with DBA/2 males at day 4 of gestation (time of implantation). The embryo resorption rate of recipient mice was counted at day 14 of gestation to evaluate the effect of adoptive transfer of T cells from the normal pregnancy mice on pregnant outcome of the abortion-prone mice. ResultsThe embryo resorption rate of the ♀CBA/J×♂BALB/c matings decreased significantly,and in vitro the proliferative index and IL-2 production by pregnant CBA/J splenocytes in response to paternal splenocytes also decreased significantly as compared to that of the ♀CBA/J×♂DBA/2 matings. In the recipient CBA/J mice,these adoptively transferred T cells from the normal pregnancy mice can increase fetal viability,whereas the adoptive transfer of T cells from he abortion-prone mice or B cells from the normal pregnancy mice did not reduce the embryo resorption rate. ConclusionThe adoptive transfer of T cells from the normal pregnancy mice at the early stage of gestation can induce maternal-fetal immuno-tolerance and prevent maternal rejection to the allogeneic fetus,thus leading to the embryo resorption rate of the abortion-prone model to that in normal pregnancy model.


In order to facilitate an integration of the techniques deve lop d within Quasimodo into the embedded software engineering life-cycle, we are investigating how to embed them into contemporary design notations. On the one hand side, we are focussing on Architec tural Description Languages, and on the other hand we are targetting Statecharts, a design notation based on hierarchical state machines which is widely used for embedded software design in, for instance, t he automotive and avionics industry. ICT-FP7-STREP-214755 / QUASIMODO Page 2 of 9 Public


ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. gas exchange, Rosa, water relation ABSTRACT. Drought-tolerant garden roses (Rosa spp.) are needed in arid and semiarid regions where irrigation water is scarce. The vast majority of garden rose cultivars are budded or grafted onto rootstocks and are seldom grown on their own roots. The objective of this study was to compare the growth and physiological responses of four rose rootstocks to drought stress. Rosa ·hybrida 'Dr. Huey', R. ·fortuniana, R. multiflora, and R. odorata grown in 12-L containers were well-irrigated throughout the experiment or were subjected to mild drought stress for five or six cycles, depending on rootstocks, over 10 weeks. Following the mild drought stress cycles, plants that received the mild drought treatment were subjected to a severe dry-down before termination of the experiment. In R. ·fortuniana, drought stress did not affect any growth parameter. Compared with the well-irrigated plants, shoot dry weight of 'Dr. Huey',R.multiflora, andR.odorata were reduced by 22%, 33%, and 38%, respectively, by the drought treatment. The final leaf area of R. multiflora and R. odorata was reduced by 42% and 59%, respectively, compared with the control plants. The final leaf area of 'Dr. Huey' was not influenced by the drought treatment. Root to shoot ratio in 'Dr. Huey' was unaffected, while that of R. multiflora and R. odorata increased as a result of the drought treatment. As substrate moisture content decreased, leaf relative water content (RWC) of all rootstocks decreased linearly, with differences in decreasing slope or intercept of the linear regression lines among rootstocks. Predawn leaf water potential during the dry-down began to decrease rapidly when substrate moisture content decreased to below 20% (25% in R. odorata )i n 'Dr. Huey', R. ·fortuniana, and R. multiflora. Leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (E) and stomatal conductance (gs) of all rootstocks decreased rapidly during the dry-down as substrate moisture content decreased from 25%. In 'Dr. Huey' and R. ·fortuniana ,P n, E, and gs were closely correlated with leaf RWC, while E and gs of R. odorata were not. Correlations between gas exchange rates (Pn, E, and gs) and leaf RWC in R. multiflora were weaker than those in 'Dr. Huey' andR. ·fortuniana. At low substrate moisture content (below 15%), Pn, E, and gs inR.odorata were lower than those in other rootstocks. Growth reduction was greatest in R. odorata, regardless of the least water deficit of the substrate, followed by R. multiflora and 'Dr. Huey'. The results of this study suggest that R. ·fortuniana was the most tolerant and R. odorata was the least tolerant to drought stress.


Two new U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) standards have been prepared to assist in the design and regulation of magnetic fusion facilities. They are DOE-STD-6002-96, `Safety of Magnetic Fusion Facilities - Requirements,` and DOE-STD-6003-96 `Safety of Magnetic Fusion Facilities - Guidance.` The first standard sets forth requirements, mostly based on the Code of Federal Regulations, deemed necessary for the safe design and operation of fusion facilities and a set of safety principles to use in the design. The second standard provides guidance on how to meet the requirements identified in DOE-STD-6002-96. It is written specifically for a facility such as the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) in the DOE regulatory environment. As technical standards, they are applicable only to the extent that compliance with these standards is included in the contracts of the developers. 7 refs., 1 fig.


We present results of a study on heterogeneous packaging of mixed LED dies and electronic dies. Our investigations have targeted the requirements for co-existence of LEDs and electronics, package design based on QFN technology (which is a major standard in electronics) and definition of a roadmap for package encapsulation methods and materials. LED based lighting enables lighting products to become both digital and connected, with as a consequence that more and more electronic functionality might become part of LED modules. The clear division between separately packaged LEDs and packaged electronics will fade. Packages containing electronics will appear which are characterized by co-existence of LEDs and electronics, increased function density, multi-(LED)-die content, integrated optical features and hybrid materials. As a carrier to study the aforementioned aspects, LED packages with basic electronic functions were selected. The packages contain LED dies and electronic dies in one circuit. External switching signals applied to the electronics, result in routing of the current through the circuit via different paths. The two-compound (2K) encapsulation of the package serves two functions: covering the electronic dies and defining a reflective cavity, translucent for the light emitted by the LEDs. Both parts/materials not only need to comply with package encapsulation requirements, but also with light extraction, reflection and (optionally) light conversion and beam-shaping requirements. Packages with various encapsulation material combinations are fabricated, soldered on a co-designed test-board and characterized with respect to light-output and thermal performance.


This paper analyses the current scenario of regional economic integration in Latin America. Thus, it is argued that economic integration in this region is currently developing in three axes: an open integration axis (represented by the Pacific Alliance); a revisionist axis (symbolized by the Southern Common Market – Mercosur) and an anti-systemic axis (represented by the Bolivarian Alliance for the People of our America – ALBA). In each of these initiatives, diverse models of regional economic integration have been adopted. The relation between the current regionalist axes and the diverse models of economic integration in Latin America is discussed in the paper. Similarly, the paper evaluates the extent to which extra-regional initiatives, such as the European Union, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) have also influenced on the models of economic integration in Latin America.


PATENT AFECTAA MODIFYING THE SHOCK RESISTANCE FOR PLASTICS, COMPOSITES BY: A) 10-80% by weight of a polymer of formulas wherein R1 is HO methyl and R2 is a cycloalkyl moiety substituted if necessary with 5 to 7 carbon atoms, and x and y ADDITION TO 100% - possibly in conjunction with other monomers present in amounts of 0 to 20% by weight - with the proviso that Y is in the order of 5-50% by weight, YB) 90 - 20% WEIGHT POLYMERS WITH A TEMPERATURE P crosslinked GLASS TG <10 (degrees) C, preferably <-10 (DEGREES) C, at least partially KINGDOM A) covalently.


The classic biometrical study of phyletic evolution in Kosmoceras (Brinkmann 1929) is evaluated using unpublished raw data provided by Professor Brinkmann. Most morphological characters show statistically significant changes over time yet it is difficult to provide an unequivocal biological interpretation for these changes. In a few cases, runs tests indicate that evolution was nonrandom in the sense that fewer reversals in the direction of evolution occurred than would be predicted from a null hypothesis based on a random walk. These cases suggest persistence of natural selection regimes for fairly long periods of time. In other cases, and with other kinds of testing, the random walk model cannot be rejected although failure to reject the hypothesis does not justify its acceptance! Thus, the contribution of random factors (either genetic drift or selection in a randomly changing environment) cannot be assessed with confidence. It is problematical also whether the Kosmoceras series represent significant evolution by phyletic gradualism or just the natural temporal variation that characterizes stasis (sensu Eldredge and Gould 1972).


A 30‐year‐old man developed severe erosive lesions in his oral cavity and transient Raynaud's phenomenon followed by discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE)‐like lesions and non‐scarring erythema. He had a high titer of RNP antibody as well. Widespread DLE (w‐DLE), subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) and mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) were suspected as his condition. Finally we diagnosed him as having SCLE accompanied with a high titer of RNP antibody.


Abstract. The forming device is mainly includes the frame, shaping drum, pulling grass roller and driven roller part. The machine described in this article is mainly used for processing grass into the shape of braid. According to the working principle of the whole machine, the grass plate in two shaping drum provides the grass a rotation movement relative to two rollers. Then, the braided grass is formed by two surge of rotating grass which gathered in the middle of two grass roller. This device is suitable for the braid of alfalfa, elymus, black wheat, etc. which length is 500 mm above. The productivity is 500 kg/h and the braid diameter is 120 mm. This proposed method could meet the requirement of real-time forage processing in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The grass braid is convenient to transport and storage.