Collective understanding of how both the resist and line-edge roughness (LER) on the mask affect the final printed LER has made significant advances. What is poorly understood, however, is the extent to which mask surface roughness couples to image plane LER as a function of illumination conditions, NA, and defocus. Recently, progress has been made in formulating a simplified solution for mask roughness induced LER. Here, we investigate the LER behavior at long correlation lengths of surface roughness on the mask. We find that for correlation lengths greater than 3λ/NA in wafer dimensions and CDs greater than approximately 0.75λ/NA, the previously described simplified model, which remains based on physical optics, converges to a "geometric regime" which is based on ray optics and is independent of partial coherence. In this "geometric regime", the LER is proportional to the mask slope error as it propagates through focus, and provides a faster alternative to calculating LER in contrast to either full 2D aerial image simulation modeling or the newly proposed physical optics model. Data is presented for both an NA = 0.32 and an NA = 0.5 imaging system for CDs of 22-nm and 50-nm horizontal-line-dense structures.


The utility model discloses a kind of simple and easy controlled fast constant pressure funnel, comprise constant pressure funnel body, constant pressure funnel body is provided with activity cock, and activity cock place is provided with Abbreviated Dial.The simple and easy controlled fast constant pressure funnel of the utility model, by arranging Abbreviated Dial in activity cock place, control liquid droping speed by the registration on Abbreviated Dial, calibrated disc is simple and easy small and exquisite, convenient and swift, and use safety is convenient, has saved manpower; When doing parallel laboratory test, be adjusted to the scale place used last time equally, the rate of addition that can realize this is consistent with the speed of last time, tests simple and easy control speed.


Objective To observe the levels of serum adiponectin(ADPN) and leptin,and their correlations to chronic inflammation and dyslipidemia in patients on maintenance hemodialysis(MHD).Methods We measured serum ADPN,leptin,albumin,serum creatinine,blood urea nitrogen,lipoproteins,C-reactive protein(CRP) in 79 MHD patents and 26 healthy individuals.Their body mass index(BMI) and waist to hip ratio(WHR) were calculated and correlated with serum ADPN and leptin.Results Serum ADPN and leptin were significantly higher in MHD patients than tin healthy individuals(P0.01).ADPN was negatively correlated with BMI,WHR,CRP and leptin,and was positively correlated with total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)(P0.05).Leptin was positively correlated with age,BMI,WHR and triglycerides,and was negatively correlated with HDL-C(P0.05).In patients with chronic inflammation,serum ADPN was lower,but serum leptin was higher.Conclusion Serum ADPN and leptin increased significantly in MHD patients,which closely correlate to chronic inflammation and dyslipidemia.Therefore,the higher serum ADPN and leptin may have important roles in the pathogenesis of cardiocerebral vascular diseases.


We have analyzed the putative value of the pattern of relative expression (RE) of several genes that might be involved in a response to anti-cancer therapy, namely AR, PTEN, COX2, FASN, HMGCR, LDLR, and CTLA4, in samples of prostate adenoma, adenocarcinoma, and the paired conventional normal tissues. We could propose three subtypes of adenocarcinomas that show the distinct pattern of expression of the above-mentioned genes, characteristics for (1) cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), (2) tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and (3) markers of immune response. These groups correlate with the prostate cancer subtypes, that were determined earlier, based on the analysis of RE of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal cell transition (EMT) genes and prostate cancer-associated genes. Noteworthy, the highest correlation was found for genes characteristic of CAFs. This emphasizes the importance of the simultaneous analysis of genes, involved in various intercellular interactions between tumor cells and cells of tumor microenvironment, in prediction of efficacy of anti-cancer therapy. To confirm the presented data, the additional studies on a larger cohort of the prostate cancer patients are required.


In this fast growing world of automation there is an increase in IOT based systems installed for time and labour management. Agriculture industry is one of the industries which require correct time management. AI based smart agriculture is one of the solution to overcome this problem. In agriculture one has to keep an eye on their crops for water, pesticides & fertilizers.

This paper focuses on a (automatic) smart agriculture system. The objectives of this smart agricultureb system is to efficiently manage water, pesticides and fertilizer can be used to increase the productivity of the crop and saves time. This system provides an automatic pathway for irrigation and crop management technique with the help of sensors and micro controller chips for machine guidance in accordance with moisture control and other parameters of soil required for a particular crop to manage water requirement. Agrotech gives a new vision of agriculture system. These modifications will provide a future outlook on the new trends in agriculture system.


According to Polish law, all former mining areas, whether for coal or other minerals should be rehabilitated. This paper analyses the possibility of using of indexes of Soil Trophy (ITGL) and Site Soil (SIG) to describe variability in the "Belchatow" Brown Coal Mine dumping grounds for mining subsidence, which have been reclaimed for forestry. Research was conducted in four substrate variants forming the soil bedrock being created of: nutrient-rich, sandy clay Quaternary (NWL on the inside spoil bank) and clay silt (NZL on the outside spoil bank), as well as poorer Quaternary sandy (NWG on the inside spoil bank) and acidic Miocene sands after neutralisation by bog lime (NZG on the outside spoil bank). Based on the values calculated for the tested indicators, a site assessment was carried out according to the scale drawn up for "natural" conditions. It was confirmed that concerning these two indicators tested on the mine's spoil banks that the ITGL index reflected the soil variability better because the partial indicators valuation was based on the other soil properties and data transformation than the SIG. However, for a better description of the habitats which are forming in these conditions, it would be preferable to modify the partial indicators assessments described by these indexes based on the variability of post-mining soil properties.


Preliminary shielding calculations were performed to establish the dimensions of the radiation shielding surrounding the three Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) beam stops. Steel shielding thicknesses were sized to give dose levels of 1, 2, and 5 mrem/h at the top of the shield, and, to provide enough shielding along the sides and bottom of the beam dump so that soil activation is not a problem. It was concluded that 144 in. of steel shielding is needed above the beam stop. The thickness of the concrete floor in the service building above the dump was not a part of these calculations. This shielding design is current as of January 2000.


As the use of smartphone have spread rapidly, the smartphone addiction has become new social problem. Recently, some studies and researches relating this topic have been fulfilled because the smartphone addiction problem have become serious. Most of them are related to the factors affecting smartphone addiction. Some demographic and psychological factors were found. Recently, smartphone application is receiving attention as important factor of smartphone addiction. This study empirically examined the smartphone addiction in connection with application types. Also gender was introduced as moderating variable. Several hypotheses were set up to identify the relationship among these variables. And the survey instrument(questionnaire) was developed to collect data. Ultimately 196 questionnaires were collected. Findings showed that two application types(including communication and entertainment) affect positive effect on smartphone addiction. Also gender can be considered significant moderating variable between each of three application types(including communication, entertainment, location based service) and smartphone addiction.


Atmospheric turbulence can cause a significant performance degradation in free space optical (FSO) communication systems. We investigate the impact of aperture averaging on the performance of FSO systems under different atmospheric turbulence regimes. Performance evaluation is made in terms of the average bit-error-rate. In particular, we bring clearance on the impact of propagation model on the benefit of aperture averaging. The efficiency of channel coding for aperture averaging receivers is also discussed.


We report on novel developments regarding the influence of temperature and salt on protein biocatalysts. The influence of temperature on the activation, unfolding, and deactivation of enzymes can now be described quantitatively with simple, analytical models. We demonstrate that enzyme deactivation phenomena can be determined via T-ramping and observation of instantaneous rates. We calculate the total turnover number analytically on the basis of the deactivation mechanism. We also report on the latest efforts to quantify the influence of salts on protein biocatalyst stability. While effects cannot yet be rationalized completely, we nevertheless found novel correlations between protein unfolding and deactivation and ion hydration.


T he development and application of land use/transportation system mod-eling approach (LUTS) revolves around a combination of political decision making and technical planning. In most cases, as Meyer and Miller put it, " [t]he result of planning is some form of communication with decision makers.' " Consequently , the group of decisionmakers from different organizations that affect transportation planning is the core of the institutional setting. These individuals make decisions concerning the types of transportation alternatives to be considered in the planning process. They decide whether funding will be made available , the level of service to be provided, and where these services will be located. From a purely technical perspective, the LUTS planning and modeling effort is mainly concerned with achieving a satisfactory level of accuracy in the sense that the models replicate closely the travel behavior of individuals in particular urban areas or corridors. Ultimately , however, the required effectiveness or accuracy of transportation models cannot be analyzed in isolation but must be related to the objectives of the planning process and its decision-making and institutional environments. The goals of modeling within this context include supporting the decision-making process with numerical analysis, structuring the analytic process in a formal and comprehensive manner, and dealing with uncertainty by providing analysis of different possible future scenarios. A recent ITE Journal article, " Comprehensive Transportation Models: Current Developments and Future Trends " (by Cook et al., June 1989), outlined the development of transportation models since the 1950s and the strengths and weaknesses of modeling applications in a broad overview of the field. This paper further examines the institutional setting that has influenced comprehensive transportation model development, structure, and application as described in the paper by Cook et al. and predicts future changes in both institutional structure and associated modeling processes. The close relationship of these goals to the decision-making process has affected the use, emphasis, and scope of transportation models over the years. Shifts in the institutional setting and the role of models as perceived by decision-makers have produced changes in the transportation modeling approach. These shifts are illustrated in the continuous and dramatic change in the conceptual and methodological focus of LUTS during the last 35 years (see Table 1). As a way of thinking about the changes that have occurred in the LUTS and related modeling fields, it is useful to divide the 35-year span into four periods (see …


In this paper, we consider the influence of tree distribution rows by the diameter classes on the wood density of pine and spruce in coniferous stands not covered by felling. Dependences of the wood density in pure and mixed coniferous stands were studied with changes in the composition of the stand and the quantitative representation of pine and spruce trees by diameter classes. On the basis of the obtained quantitative material, the relationship between the density of wood and trunks thicknesses was modeled according to the diameter classes of pine and spruce trees. The developed regression equations make it possible to predict the density changes of pine and spruce wood in stands with different shares of their participation.


Capacitance-voltage (C-V) and current-voltage (I-V) measurements were used to s t u d y the t h e r m a l reaction of Pd/GaAs contacts and Ni/GaAs contacts. The thickness of GaAs consumed by the metal/GaAs reaction d u r i n g annealing was calculated from C-V analyses and I-V analyses. For annealing temperatures below 350°C, the Schottky characteristics of the diodes were good b u t the electrical j u n c t i o n moves into the GaAs after annealing. The a m o u n t ofj u n c t i o n movement was calculated directly from our measurements. The diffusion coefficients of Pd and Ni in GaAs a t 300°C were estimated both to be a r o u n d 1.2 × 10-14 cm2/s.


ObjectiveTO assess the clinical characteristics and complications of the patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS) and to evaluate the clinical efficacy of different treating methods.MethodsThe retrospective study of 70 patients with OSAS were performed.The polysomnogram(PSG) monitoring data and the patients′ information of medical records were obtained for statistical analysis.Information of symptoms improvement including the snoring,breathe holding and others were obtained by follow-up phone calls.ResultsIn the 70 cases,mild,moderate and severe patients were accounted for 21%,23% and 56%,respectively.The longest apnea-time was 147 seconds.The longest hypopnea-time was 123 seconds.The lowest SaO2 during sleep was 34%.Apnea hyponea index(AHI) was 5 to 96.The lowest Sleep efficiency was 31.4%.56 cases(80%) had complications or concurrent diseases.Among the 56 patients,37 cases(53%) presented hypertension,4(6%) with diabetes,14(20%) with coronary heart disease(CHD).The mean drop of SaO2 was positively correlated with AHI(r=0.336,P0.05);Hypertension and CHD were both positively correlated with OSAS(r=0.643 and 0.422,both P0.01).The total efficiency of surgical treatment was 70.2%(40/57).CPAP treatment used in the three cases were all effective.ConclusionOSAS is a disease with potential danger,and we must pay more attention to it.The key to prevent its complications and improve the quality of OSAS patients′ lives is early detection with proper treatment.


We studied the historical changes of intervertebral disc displacement using magnetic resonance imaging. The phenomenon of the spontaneous regression of herniated discs is well known. The case of a 40-years-old male presenting with a large disc herniation at L5-S1, experiencing severe sciatic pain, and having the straight leg raising test positive at 25 degrees is presented. The extruded disc was documented by clinical examination. He was treated conservatively with epidural steroid injection (ESI), medication, physical therapy and self-exercise and reevaluated in 10 weeks later, 30 and 1 year. Large extruded disc can be treated successfully by physical therapy with ESI. However, the degeneration and the dehydration of disc result in decrease of disc height. Consequently, the regression of extruded disc might have been due to the resorption and the dehydration.


In deep well,the conventional linger cementing technology always resulted in low cementing quality,so the use of rotary liner cementing technology can increase displacing efficiency and cementing technology.The reason of casing tortuous destabilization in rotary liner cement is analyzed in this paper,the mechanical model of casing rotation is built up,and the torque rating and its alteration regularity in the process of cement are calculated.Thus the dangerous point in the whole well section and provide the preventive measure are analyzed.On this basis,the factor that affect its tortuous destabilization in the process of cement in theory is analyzed,some measure which can reduce its tortuous rating in the design and operation are provided,which provide some guideline for field operation in the future.


The light exists in God without heat; but not so in nature. In nature all qualities are intermixed as if they were a single quality in the same way that God is all and as everything comes from and arises out of him. God is the heart or source font of nature. The air has its origin from heat and cold. For heat and cold repel violently from themselves and suffuse all things. The sweet quality is set against the bitter and is a blessed mild quality, a refreshment of life, an amelioration of the ferocity. The holy angels live and qualify in the light, in the good quality in which the Holy Spirit rules. However, the operation of the entire mass was an extraction or attraction of the word of God from the operation of the source spirits or salitter, which became the earth. Keywords: Holy Spirit; word of God


J Cardiovasc Thorac Res / 23 Original Article Midterm Results and Surgical Technique Considerations in Pulmonary Thromboendarterectomy. Is Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest Always Necessary? Gholamreza Omrani MD, Alireza A.Ghavidel MD, Mehrzad Sharifie MD, Reza Nakhaiezadeh MD 1. Dept. of Cardiac Surgery, Shaheed Rajaee Heart Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran. (Received 22 Sep 2009; Accepted 12 Oct 2009) Background: Pulmonary thromboendarterctomy is a curative surgery. However, it is associated with high mortality and morbidity. It's accomplished under a period of circulatory arrest, thereby increasing the risk of surgical complications, especially neurologic sequelae. In present study, the surgical result of this procedure without the use of circulatory arrest has been presented. Methods: Eleven patients with the mean age of 34±11 year underwent pulmonary thromboendarterctomy, using CPB, moderate hypothermia, and low pressure perfusion by single surgeon from April 2005 to June 2008 in the Rajaee Heart Center, Tehran. Half the patients had the evidence of involvement of segmental branches of pulmonary artery in CT angiography. Most patients presented in the NYHA class III. The mean pre-op PA pressure was 91.3±26mmHg. All patients were followed between 3-36 months. Results: There were three mortality cases in this study and the first two, were among the early experiences of the surgeon. The most common cause of mortality was respiratory failure and right-sided heart failure secondary to residual pulmonary hypertension. NYHA class improved in all survived. The mean post-op PA pressure was 39±13mmHg. Patients were intubated on the average of 75±4 hours. No neurologic complications were seen. One patient required extracorporeal life support system (ECLS) to wean from CPB off. Two patients had significant post-op bleeding due to coagulopathy and in the third one surgical source resulted in re-exploration. Conclusion: In this series, mortality was more than one expected. However with increased experience and the use of meticulous surgical techniques and improvement in peri-operative cares, mortality reduced significantly. Sufficient thromboendarterectomy is feasible without the use of circulatory arrest, while decreasing probable complication of TCA, especially neurologic ones. Failure to ameliorate pulmonary hypertension, during surgery, results, in high mortality and morbidity. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2009; Vol.1 (3): 23-27 *Corresponding Author: Alireza A.Ghavidel MD, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shaheed Rajaee Heart Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Tel: 09121590518 Fax: 021-2204 2037 E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


The developing trend of the light-weight car is the using of new light-weight materials and the optimization of the car body structure. The beam construction is the major bearing part of the car body. The thin–walled beam of the light-material plays a significant role in lightening the car' own weight, saving the materials, reducing fuel consumption and air pollution. Firstly, the relationship between the thin-walled beam that is fixed in both points and the attribute of the material can be infered from the stiffness coefficient which used as the quantitative index to estimate materials. Then take the body-in-white produced by domestic car factory as an object of study, and use Cu or Al or Mg as the materials of the thin-walled beam to calculate the bending rigidity and torsional stiffness of thewhole car body by using the FEM simulation conducted in HyperMesh.The results show that under the condition of bending and torsion, the SME value is lower when the lighten materials such as Al or Cu are used as the bodywork of the thin-walled beam than steel is. Lighten material can greatly reduce the weight of the vehicle. But it also decreased the bending and torsional stiffness of the bodywork. Therefore, in order to avoid decreasing mechanical properties which caused by adopting lighten materials, we must consider the structural design of the thin-walled beam when adopt material for lightweight.


We examine the effect of reference health on the demand for medical care. We propose and empirically implement a dynamic model of demand for medical care that includes reference health, an average of previous health states. We find that gain or loss from reference health significantly affects the demand for medical care. The effect is stronger for losses than gains. The effect is strongest in the upper tail of medical care consumers. We compare the predictions of our dynamic model with one that omits reference health. Including reference health improves our ability to match individuals in the top 5 percent by 65 percent.


We hasten to assure our readers that A PIECE OF MY MIND (see p 1846) is not intended as a sounding board for peevish gripes, nit-picking beefs, or sundry assortments of righteous indignation, which are usually prefaced by an angry "let me give you a piece of my mind." Nor is this section ofThe Journalmeant to be a podium for pompous preachments and ex cathedra pronouncements. Nor again is it designed to be a forum for half-baked speculations and warmed-over hypotheses. Least of all is A PIECE OF MY MIND envisaged as a jamboree of jokes and a shivaree of limericks. What we have in mind for the newly inaugurated feature is not a formal court of opinion but an informal courtyard of creativity, in which physicians display vignettes of their nonscientific and not strictly clinical observations, experiences, reflections, arid fantasies tinged with philosophy or humor. The appearance


Introduction The incidence of congestive heart failure (HF) is increasing with epidemic proportions, occurring most frequently in patients with structural heart disease resulting from myocardial infarction (MI). The process of cardiac remodeling that provides the substrate for HF results from fibrotic scar formation that replaces regions of myocyte necrosis. In addition, surviving myocytes undergo hypertrophy, which may be initially beneficial but subsequently transitions to a maladaptive process in which myocytes become vulnerable to apoptosis. The heart dilates due to infarct expansion, with wall thinning and dilatation of the ventricle, hyperplasia of fibroblasts, and scar formation, which results in changes to its geometry and loss of contractile function. Recently, mitotic cardiomyocytes and endogenous cardiac stem cells have been identified within the mammilian heart 2-4 suggesting that the heart is not a terminally differentiated organ. However, it is evident that these endogenous repair mechanisms are insufficient to allow a complete structural and functional recovery of the heart from a MI. Cellular regenerative approaches hold great promise to prevent remodeling and progression to HF in ischemically damaged hearts which has resulted in two closely related avenues of research. One approach has focused on the biology of endogenous stem or precursor cells that reside in the adult heart . Other researchers have used a variety of exogenous progenitor cells and stem cells as transplants into regions of ischemic damaged myocardium. In experimental models the cell types which have been investigated include fetal and neonatal cardiomyocytes, embryonic stem cell derived myocytes, tissue engineered contractile grafts, skeletal myoblasts, several cell types derived from adult bone marrow, and cardiac stem cells . This approach termed, cellular cardiomyoplasty , is currently under active investigation in large animal models, and has already prompted clinical trials .


Janesville WI; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Wisconsin Union; Joe McCarthy; Porter Butts; Fannie Taylor; the 1960s; University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee; protest movement; Union South; Memorial Union; fire safety; Vietnam War; drug use; Sterling Hall bombing; William Dyke; Soglin v. Kauffman; 1973 merger of the UW System; segregated fees; fundraising; Union Terrace; alcohol abuse; food service; Union membership; campus smoking; Donna Shalala; multiculturalism; MULO (Memorial Union Labor Organization); Ira Sharenow; Memorial Union Theater; Memorial Union Building Association; UW Foundation; Hoofers; Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin-Madison v. Southworth.


National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone set up as combination of regional technology innovation policy in nine areas of Beijing Zhongguancun, East Lake in Wuhan, Shanghai Zhangjiang as a national independent innovation demonstration area as a sample of policy mix to when the impact of technological innovation ability by using Difference-In-Difference model. Studies have shown that compared to after the implementation of the policy, local regional technological innovation capability has increased, and fail to carry out the policy of Chongqing, Shenyang, Beijing and Wuhan, to carry out the policy of regional technological innovation capability enhancement is more obvious;The whole society investment in fixed, population density and area of technical level of regional technology innovation in inhibition, human capital, research funding, foreign real investment and government funding support to promote the regional technology innovation, After we re-estimate the same models by the stability test and conclude the similar results.


The present invention is an endoscope apparatus having a first position that is positioned between the proximal end, a distal end, and a proximal end and a distal end. Endoscope apparatus has an optical system including an objective lens disposed in the first position to the end. Lens protector unit is disposed between the objective lens and the distal tip to protect the objective lens. Lens protector unit has a rotary window disposed at the distal end of the endoscope device. The endoscope apparatus has a light source that is disposed at the distal end. Light source is adapted to illuminate the distal end in front of the space of the endoscope apparatus.


Background Perioperative hypertension is a frequent complication even in preoperatively normotensive or controlled hypertensive patients and there is a lack of data regarding the effect of nondipping pattern on perioperative hypertension. Objective In this study, we aimed to investigate the possible effect of nondipping blood pressure pattern on the risk of perioperative hypertension. Materials and methods 234 hypertensive patients who underwent surgery with general anesthesia were evaluated prospectively. The study enrolled patients with well-controlled preoperative blood pressure. The 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring results were used to classify patients as dippers and nondippers. Perioperative hypertension is defined as a systolic/diastolic arterial blood pressure greater than or equal to 160/90 mmHg or systolic blood pressure elevated by more than 20% from the patient's baseline level for more than 15 min perioperatively. Results There were 61 (26%) nondipper patients [mean age: 62.1 ± 7.1 years, 25 (40.9%) men] and 173 (74%) dipper patients [mean age: 61.4 ± 8.1 years, 83 (47.9%) men]. In the nondipper group, perioperative hypertension was observed in 31 (51.3%) patients, whereas in the dipper group, 33 (19.3%) patients experienced a hypertensive attack (P < 0.001). The independent predictors of perioperative hypertension were the presence of the nondipping pattern [odds ratio (OR) 3.084; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.831-5.195; P < 0.001], the presence of diabetes mellitus (OR 2.059; 95% CI 1.215-3.490; P = 0.007), and the number of drugs (OR 2.317; 95% CI 1.102–5.097; P = 0.027). Conclusion The frequency of perioperative hypertension was higher in preoperative normotensive and known hypertensive patients who were identified as nondippers. In addition, diabetes mellitus and number of drugs were found to be predictors of perioperative hypertension.


Daniel M. Knight writes that the Greek crisis has become a metaphor which many commentators use as a 'shock tactic' to press agendas of reform or austerity across Europe. This rhetoric simplifies the effects and intricacies of the crisis on the ground in Greece and ignores its relationship with past crises in Greek history.


Manufacturers of dietary supplements meet growing regulatory demands for control of the production process, with the main goal of launching a quality based product, by which they ensure user's protection and contentment. Demand for cleaning validation represents a multidisciplinary activity that brings together experts from around the world with a common goal: to ensure the efficacy of the cleaning operation in pharmaceutical manufacturing. Main goal of this work is to describe cleaning validation process in the manufacturing sector of liquid pharmaceutical forms- that consists of syrup and spray manufacturing. Pursuant to all guidelines of the European and National regulations, cleaning validation was initiated by designing Validation plan and Risk assessment plan for the manufacturing line of liquid pharmaceutical forms. Specified processes of cleaning were used, while specific physical, chemical and microbiological parameters were followed, and the process was complimented by a Validation protocol that documented three consecutive washing c ycles; directed at three consecutive batches of the same products on that manufacturing line for sprays. Final report of the validation process is being coordinated, followed and improved by the Quality sector. This enabled validation and efficacy of the chosen cleaning processes, but certain parameters were still being followed and analysed in order to prove conformity and/or allow changes that might arise. A goal of the pharmaceutical company to produce quality and safe products is achieved by applying principles of cleaning validation, and by using and mproving established cleaning procedures.


In the context of Cognitive Radio (CR), opportunistic transmissions can exploit temporarily vacant spectral bands. Efficient and reliable spectrum sensing is a key in the CR process. CR receivers traditionally deal with wideband signals with high Nyquist rates and low Signal to Noise Ratios (SNRs). Thus, in this paper, we propose sub-Nyquist sampling and cyclostationary detection, which is robust to noise. We first reconstruct the cyclic spectrum or Spectral Correlation Function (SCF) of the signal, which is a characteristic function of cyclostationary signals such as communication signals, from sub-Nyquist samples and then perform detection. We consider both sparse and non sparse signals as well as blind and non blind detection in the sparse case. For each one of those scenarii, we derive the minimal sampling rate allowing for perfect reconstruction of the signal's SCF in a noise-free environment and provide SCF recovery techniques. In the simulations, we show SCF recovery at the minimal rate in noise-free settings as well as the performance of our detector in the presence of noise.


Muslim students in higher education are affected by the hardships of oppression, discrimination, prejudices, and stereotypes associated with the increasing Islamophobia and xenophobia within the U.S. The current literature on Middle Eastern Muslim men college students lacks an understanding of their lived experiences on U.S. college campuses. The purpose of this study is to understand how Middle Eastern Muslim men college students navigate a university within a divisive political context. This phenomenological study conducted semi-structured interviews with seven Middle Eastern Muslim men students. Data gathered informs how participants of this study made sense of their experience navigating higher education institutions. The findings describe that Middle Eastern Muslim men college students must fight negative perceptions, face the challenge of feeling alone socially and academically, and commit to education with the support of their families. After the findings, this paper provides a discussion and a list of recommendations for research and practice to be inclusive and elevate the lived experiences of Middle Eastern Muslim men students in higher education. While this study took place in the U.S., the discussion and recommendations apply to all colleges and universities worldwide.


The tilting phenomenon may lead to a catastrophic failure, such as an interturn fault in transformers, under the action of axial short-circuit electromagnetic forces. In this paper, first, a state-space approach has been used to determine the eigenvalues of various winding configurations used in practice by assuming a small value of tilt angle up to 10°. These eigenvalues decide the critical tilting forces and the natural frequencies of windings. The four cases involving disk, layer, helical windings (all these with strip conductor), and layer winding with continuously transposed cable conductor have been analyzed. Further, initial critical tilt angles are determined for various magnitudes of the axial force in a typical 5-MVA transformer.


Early detection of SARS-CoV-2 using molecular techniques is paramount to the fight against COVID-19. Due to its high sensitivity and specificity, RT-qPCR is the 'gold standard' method for this purpose. However, its technical requirements, processing time and elevated costs hamper its use towards massive and timely molecular testing for COVID-19 in rural and socioeconomically deprived areas of Latin America. The advent and rapid evolution of CRISPR-Cas technology has boosted the development of new pathogen detection methodologies. Recently, DETECTR -a combination of isothermal RT-LAMP amplification and Cas12a-mediated enzymatic detection- has been successfully validated in the Netherlands and the USA as a rapid and low-cost alternative to RT-qPCR for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 from nasopharyngeal swabs. Here, we evaluated the performance of RCSMS, a locally adapted variant of DETECTR, to ascertain the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva samples from 276 patients in two hospitals in Lima, Peru (current status over a total of 350 samples). We show that a low-cost thermochemical treatment with TCEP/EDTA is sufficient to inactivate viral particles and cellular nucleases in saliva, eliminating the need to extract viral RNA with commercial kits, as well as the cumbersome nasopharyngeal swab procedure and the requirement of biosafety level 2 laboratories for molecular analyses. Our clinical validation shows that RCSMS detects up to 5 viral copies per reaction in 40 min, with sensitivity and specificity of 97.4% and 97.5% in the field, respectively, relative to RT-qPCR. Since CRISPR-Cas biosensors can be easily reprogrammed by using different guide RNA molecules, RCSMS has the potential to be quickly adapted for the detection of new SARS-CoV-2 variants. Furthermore, our field study validates use of lateral flow strips to easily visualize the presence of SARS-CoV-2, which opens up the possibility of deploying RCSMS as a 'point of care' test in environments with limited access to state-of-the-art diagnostic laboratories. In sum, RCSMS is a fast, efficient and inexpensive alternative to RT-qPCR for expanding COVID-19 testing capacity in low- and middle-income countries.


Reconstruction techniques for intrinsic quasar continua are crucial for the precision study of Lyman-$\alpha$ (Ly-$\alpha$) and Lyman-$\beta$ (Ly-$\beta$) transmission at $z>5.0$, where the $\lambda 5.7$ with IR X-Shooter spectroscopy, obtaining well-characterised measurements for the mean flux transmission at $4.7<z<6.3$. Our results demonstrate the importance of testing and, when relevant, training, continuum reconstruction techniques in a systematic way.


The invention discloses a preparation method of a room-temperature curable nano sol hybridized polyalkylene oxide aluminum alloy surface preservative and belongs to the technical field of metal preservatives. The preservative contains three components A, B and C, wherein the component A comprises an aqueous nano sol, an organic solvent, an acid-base regulator, a corrosion inhibitor and the like; the component B is an epoxy silane coupling agent KH560; and the component C is a curing agent and a leveling agent. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, slowly dropwise adding the prepared component B into the component A; adjusting the pH value of the system to 3-4; dispersing three hours at a high speed of 1500 r/m by using a dispersing machine; then adding the component C in proportion; continuously dispersing 5 minutes and filtering; and finally, preparing the metal preservative. The metal surface preservative can be coated on the surface of an aluminum alloy panel by virtue of methods such as spraying, roller coating, spin coating and the like. The metal surface preservative disclosed by the invention is simple in preparation process and low in cost and has relatively strong corrosion resistance, high/low-temperature resistance and storage stability. Meanwhile, the preservative is low in discharge of VOC and environment-friendly and safe.


Naturalism has been one of the main explanations to David Hume's philosophy in Kemp Smith's prominent work. That reason should not overstep to passion is one condition of this kind of explanation. Yet, as far as Hume's concept of reason being clarified, we find that reason being used oversteppedly to passions is unavoidable in Hume's theory system. This kind of "Overstepping Usage" makes Hume's naturalism fail ultimately. The consequence of this kind of failure is that Hume's reason about the matter of fact does not get a proper ontological explain and that the general argument of Hume's philosophy is insufficiency.


Na tu ra l l y occur r ing benzo[clphenanthridine a l k a l o i d s are r e s t r i c t e d i n s t r u c t u r a l type and d i s t r i b u t i o n [ Corde l l & Farnsworth, 1976; Santavy. 19791 Zee-Cheng & Cheng, 19731. They may have a p r o t e c t i v e r o l e i n the p l a n t and i n accord w i t h t h i s severa l have been shown t o e x h i b i t a n t i b a c t e r i a l and an t i f unga l a c t i v i t y [S te rm i t z e t a l , 19751. Two compounds, n i t i d i n e and fagaronine, show ins tead marked ant i leukaemic a c t i v i t y i n animals (Wessmer e t a1 1972; Zee-Cheng 8 Cheng 19731. Both possess the 2,3,8,9 oxygenation pat tern, w i t h methoxy groups a t the 8.9 pos i t i ons . Various syn the t i c rou tes t o t he n a t u r a l products and t h e i r analogues have been developed . bu t w i thout except ion these are long syntheses w i t h low o v e r a l l y i e l d s [Minomiya e t a1 1977; S termi tz e t a1 1975; Zee-Cheng 8 Cheng 19751. The number o f analogues which have been prepared i s there fore q u i t e small.


Land cover analysis has received significant attention in remote sensing-related fields. To take advantage of multimodal data, hyperspectral images (HSI) and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) are often combined. However, it is difficult to capture intricate local and global spectral–spatial associations between HSI and LiDAR. To exploit the complementary information of multimodal data, a spectral–spatial graph network is proposed that integrates HSI and LiDAR data into intricate local and global spectral–spatial associations. Specifically, the network consists of a local module and a global module. The local module uses convolution techniques applied over image patches to preserve the local spatial relationships available in multimodal data. The global module constructs a spectral–spatial multimodal graph, which is used to preserve spectral–spatial proximity in multimodal data. Both the local and global modules are utilized to their utmost capacity to generate the final multimodal data representation. Experiments on multimodal remote sensing datasets reveal that the proposed network has attained performance levels comparable to state-of-the-art methods.


This Field Procedures Manual is the comprehensive operations guide to be used to curate samples obtained from the INYO-4 site in the Long Valley Caldera, California. This site is a diamond drilling project in small-diameter holes that will produce continuous core. Fluid samples will also be of primary importance at this site. Detailed core and fluid handling procedures are therefore the major focus of this manual. The manual provides a comprehensive operations guide for the well-site geoscientists working at the Department of Energy/Office of Basic Energy Sciences (DOE/OBES) Continental Scientific Drilling Program (CSDP)/Thermal Regimes drill sites. These procedures modify and improve those in previous DOE/OBES field manuals. 1 ref.; 6 figs.


Taoshan uranium orefield is located in the central Jiangxi province,where the fractures,both metallotectonic also ore-conservative,had developed extensively,of which Taoshan fault,with NE-striking,SE-dipping at 65°~70°,right-lateral slip,developed in neotectonism period,is an ore-conservative one,not only their southeast block downgliding,but Jiaolian fault characteristics.Taoshan fault causes the U-mineralization shell in NW and NE-dipping,so resulting in weak erosion in the end dumping,especially in its northeast part.For this reason,there are good ore-protecting conditions and more prospecting potential in those region and an important significance for uranium ore exploring.


Objective: While narcotics remain the backbone of perioperative analgesia, the adjunctive role of other analgesics, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), is being recognized increasingly. This meta-analysis sought to determine whether adjunctive NSAIDs improve postoperative analgesia and reduce cumulative narcotic requirements.


Provided is an apparatus for transmitting a synchronous signal using a plurality of transmitting antennas. The apparatus includes: a synchronous signal generating unit for generating a synchronous signal used for tracking synchronization of time or frequency; a transmission processing unit for allocating different sub-carriers to the plurality of transmitting antennas such that the sub-carriers do not overlap with each other, mapping the synchronous signal to the sub-carriers, and performing an IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transformation) to generate OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbols; a control information combining unit for controlling codes as a source for discriminating signals transmitted from the plurality of transmitting antennas such that the codes do not overlap with each other among the plurality of transmitting antennas; and the plurality of transmitting antennas for transmitting the OFDM symbols. The present invention reduces the effects of channel interference of each antenna caused by the transmission of a synchronous signal, and reduces the overhead of various pieces of control information in a multi-antenna system.


Background Bechet's disease (BD) is a chronic inflammatory multisystem disease characterised by recurrent oral and genital aphthous ulcers, uveitis and skin lesions. Smoking play an important role in the development of inflammatory diseases.1 Objectives BD is an inflammatory disease and smoking may have a role in its triggering. Although few studies reported association between smoking and clinical manifestations of BD, to the best of our knowledge, there is no research on the risk of developing BD in smokers.2–4 This case-control study was conducted to investigate the association between smoking and the risk of BD. Methods We included 192 patients with BD and 822 healthy siblings of patient with BD and 373 age and sex matched healthy unrelated persons as control groups (table 1). Written informed consent was obtained from all the participants. Demographic data and smoking history of patients and their siblings were obtained by direct and in some cases by telephone interview with the participants. Demographic data and smoking history of healthy controls were obtained by direct interview. Current and former smokers were classified together as ever smokers for the purposes of this analysis. We carried out multivariate analyses with a logistic regression model with BD as the main outcome variable and smoking history as the main predictor variable. Models were adjusted for age, gender, marital status, educational status and pack-years. Results The patients with BD were more often ever smokers than healthy siblings of patients and healthy unrelated controls (table 1). However, pack-years of smoking in control groups were significantly more than the BD group. By multivariate logistic regression and after adjustment for age, sex, marital status and educational status (model 1), ever smoking was significantly associated with an increased risk of BD compared with never smoking. In comparison with healthy siblings and healthy unrelated persons who never smoked, the relative risk (RR) of developing BD was 1.43 and 1.51, respectively. After including pack year in multivariate analysis (model 2), the RR of developing BD in ever smokers increased to 2.23 and 2.01, respectively.Abstract SAT0679 – Table 1 Demographic characteristics of participants Variables BD group (n=192) Healthy sibling group (n=822) P-value Healthy unrelated control group (n=373) P-value Age (years) 38.9±10.6 39.3±11.3 NS 37.9±9.7 NS Gender:MaleFemale 118 (61.5)74 (38.5) 399 (48.5)423 (51.5) 0.001 228 (61.1)145 (38.9) NS Smoke statusNever-smokerCurrent smokersPast smokersEver smokers 141 (73.4)43 (22.4)8 (4.2)51 (26.6) 673 (81.9)138 (16.8)11 (1.3)149 (18.1) 0.01 302 (81)58 (15.5)13 (3.5)71 (19) 0.025 Pack-years of smoking 11.19±8.8 17.79±11.4 0.003 14.19±10.7 0.007 Qualitative and quantitative variables were displayed as numbers (percentages) and means ±SD, respectively. BD: Behcet's disease; NS: non-significant No significant differences were observed in the clinical manifestations of BD patients in ever smokers and never smokers. However, disease activity, at disease presentation and last visit in ever smokers was significantly more than never smokers. Conclusions Our data suggest that smoking is a significant risk factor for BD and genetic factors may play an important role in the developing of BD in smokers. We also show a particularly strong relationship between smoking with BD activity and response to treatment. Conflict of interest We have no potential conflict of interest. References [] Klareskog L, Padyukov L, Alfredsson L. Smoking as a trigger for inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2007;19(1):49–54. [] Soy M, Erken E, Konca K, et al. Smoking and Behcet's Disease. Clinical Rheumatology 2000;19(6):508–509. [] Lee SS, Choi CB, Lee EK, et al. The association between smoking and clinical manifestations in patients with Behcet's disease. Korean J Med 2008;75(2):202–209. [] Tuna S, Alan S, Turkoglu EB. Effects of smoking and HLA-B51 on clinical manifestations in Behcet's disease: retrospective analysis of 209 patients in a Turkish population. Arch Rheumatol2015;30(x):i-vii. Acknowledgements We would like to express our thanks to Leila Khabbazi who helped us in editing the text. Disclosure of Interest None declared


Introduction Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are novel oncolytic therapies associated with various immune related adverse events (irAEs) affecting multiple organ systems, which may have a delayed presentation. Identification of irAEs and prompt initiation of appropriate treatment represents a challenge to clinicians. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a pharmacy consult service in identification and management of irAEs. Methodology: This was a single center, retrospective study. Patients included were: ≥18 years old, admitted as inpatients, and reported a history of cancer treatment within the last year. A pharmacy consult was developed and implemented for patients who reported a history of ICI therapy within the last year. Education regarding the consult service was provided to select physicians, nurses, and all pharmacists. Primary outcome: percent of admitted patients reporting ICI therapy within the last year, who required pharmacist intervention for an irAE. Secondary outcomes: types of interventions performed, percentage of recommendation acceptance, pharmacist time spent. Results Fifty-one patients received a pharmacy immunotherapy consult. Seventeen patients (33%) met the primary outcome. Thirty-three separate recommendations were made by pharmacists for these 17 patients. The secondary outcomes of interventions made and percentage accepted (n; % accepted): Initiation/adjustment of steroid therapy (20; 40%), placement of a consult for oncology or other specialist (10; 70%), other therapeutic interventions (3; 67%). Average time spent by pharmacist on initial consultations (SD): 29 minutes (15). Conclusion A pharmacy consult service may help to increase identification of patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors and initiate timely interventions.


David Chalmers claims that the logical possibility of 'zombie worlds' — worlds physically indiscernible from the actual world, but that lack consciousness — reveal that consciousness is a distinct fact, or property, in addition to the physical facts or properties. The 'existence' or possibility of Zombie worlds violates the physicalist demand that consciousness logically supervene upon the physical. On the assumption that the logical supervenience of consciousness upon the physical is, indeed, a necessary entailment of physicalism, the existence of zombie worlds implies the falsity of physicalism. How do we determine the logical possibility of zombie worlds? By conceptual analysis of the concepts involved, keeping empirical facts in mind.


Some of the principal questions that come to mind when considering the exposure of human populations to ionizing radiation are: What are the risks to the people exposed? Will an exposed individual run a higher risk for developing one or another kind of cancer at some time in his or her life? Will the children born to the exposed parent(s) run a higher risk of being afflicted with a genetically caused disease? At the population level, will the increases be trivial, small, or substantial? To be sure, these questions are not new, but they first assumed an unprecedented seriousness in the aftermath of World War II.


We present hydrodynamical models of the grand design spiral M51 (NGC 5194), and its interaction with its companion NGC 5195. Despite the simplicity of our models, our simulations capture the present day spiral structure of M51 remarkably well, and even reproduce details such as a kink along one spiral arm, and spiral arm bifurcations. We investigate the oset between the stellar and gaseous spiral arms, and nd at most times (including the present day) there is no oset between the stars and gas to within our error bars. We also compare our simulations with recent observational analysis of M51. We compute the pattern speed versus radius, and like the observations, nd no single global pattern speed. We also show that the spiral arms cannot be tted well by logarithmic spirals. We interpret these ndings as evidence that M51 does not exhibit a quasi-steady density wave, as would be predicted by density wave theory. The internal structure of M51 derives from the complicated and dynamical interaction with its companion, resulting in spiral arms showing considerable structure in the form of short-lived kinks and bifurcations. Rather than trying to model such galaxies in terms of global spiral modes with


This study investigates the heavy metals concentration in soils derived from mafic and ultramafic rocks of the Kot Parang Ghar melange zone in the Bucha Area, Mohmand Agency, Pakistan. Furthermore, plant species grown on these soils are assessed for their bioaccumulation ability. Representative samples (soil and plants) were collected and analyzed for heavy metals concentration using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Heavy metals concentration in the serpentine soil were significantly higher (p < 0.01) than the background soil values. Correlations between plant metal uptake and soil total metal were highly diverse due to different accumulation potential of plant species growing in the habitat. Among the selected plant species, Lycopersicon esculentum and Chrysopogon zizanioides showed manifold higher concentrations of iron, manganese, nickel and chromium and hence capable to uptake and translocate these metals in their tissues to a greater extent. Based on these observations, the local plant species could cause environmental impact in the study area as chromium and nickel contaminations have toxicological concerns. These plants can also be used as bioindicators for exploration of chromite ores.


The analysis of productivity of educational system of traditional type which is logically used in synthesis of the branched organization of educational type with more clear system advantages for the participants of through vocational training who are irreplaceable in development of science about life proceeds that, at last, precedes designing of conditions of a quantitative assessment of existence of the educational ECTS standard at the highest school.


The present invention provides a mobile communication resource processing method and system, the method comprising the steps of: obtaining resource information; obtaining the two-dimensional code information resource matching template from the default template library according to the two-dimensional code feature resource information; according to the resource information and the two-dimensional code templates to generate two-dimensional code pattern; control of printing devices to print the two-dimensional code pattern to obtain a two-dimensional code label. The present invention is not associated with the server, to ensure fast, effective and accurate communication resource update information of the device, while the two-dimensional code label can cover a variety of information and communication resources of the device, reducing the station side pressure data maintenance and maintenance personnel work intensity, improve work efficiency.


Objective In order to find out the regular pattern and characteristics of traffic accidents.Mothods 20825 cases of rehicular homicides are analyzed,according to the General Traffic police Group of Gansu statistics.Results virility is large scale and Buber are the largest.The traffic accident injury major belongs to blunt force injury,fatal disablement ways of traffic accidents are impact injury.Crushing tumbling and scrape some relative injures,often happen in winter.Conclusion from these informations,we can find that the number of vehicular humocides is increasing.examination of craniums are important in clinical foresic medicine,some characteristics of craniums and brain we can find craniums of vehicular humocide,for estimation of the instrucment caused the trauma of the traffic accidents are some important of evidence.


Microgrids can be distinguished from traditional power systems based on their ability to perform the islanded operation. This study explores the problem of optimizing the microgrid operation in the context of uncertain islanding events. This occurs when the microgrid is isolated from the main grid and it operates as an independent system. A multistage stochastic optimization model that considers multi-occurrence and multi-period islanding events is proposed to optimize the proactive policy. This is achieved by creating parameters for the maximum number of time periods of the islanded operation in the planning horizon. To solve the resulting large-scale mixed-integer program, an efficient algorithm based on the two-stage Benders' decomposition method is proposed. Numerical experiments show that the proposed policy significantly reduces the expected operation costs of a microgrid. This is more cost-effective in comparison to the other reactive policies that prepare a certain reserve level and reschedule the resources after an islanding event occurs. This study demonstrates that the proposed decomposition algorithm can efficiently solve large-scale problems that have longer planning horizons or a larger number of time periods for the islanded operation.


Context-aware system must adapt to changing contexts in dynamic environments, and it consists of a number of related subsystems, and each subsystem works together to achieve the functionalities of its parent systems. So, it is necessary to modularize the subsystems and it must be scalable and flexible infrastructure for the delivery, management and deployment of application to individuals. An agent-based approach through the OSGi service platform for context-aware systems leads to the development of more powerful abstraction mechanisms. This paper describes the overall architecture of an agent-based context-aware system, and that system can generate and provide high-level contexts to the applications and services. For the service interoperability, we use OSGi-based service platform. Using these agent modules and OSGi service platform that can act autonomously and interact in flexible ways, so we can utilize the context-awareness and modularization of complex context-aware system.


this paper discusses ensemble learning approaches for the recurrence prediction of colorectal cancer. The standard ensemble modeling, where the prediction was based on a majority voting of the three prediction models: Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS), C5.0 and Random Forests (RF). The medical records were from the medical center in Taiwan. Based on the result of this study, C5.0 approach is the most useful approach to the discovery of recurrence factors with colorectal cancer. Surgical Margins of the Primary Site and Pathologic Stage Group was most important and independent prognostic factor of recurrent colorectal cancer. To our knowledge, this is the first study using ensemble learning approaches for the analysis of risk factors for recurrent colorectal cancer, and results of this study will contribute to developing the clinical practice guideline for colorectal cancer.


We study Ruelle's type zeta and L-functions for a torsion free abelian group Γ of rank ν ≥ 2 defined via an Euler product. It is shown that the imaginary axis is a natural boundary of this zeta function when ν = 2, 4 and 8, and in particular, such a zeta function has no determinant expression. Thus, conversely, expressions like Euler's product for the determinant of the Laplacians of the torus ℝν/Γ defined via zeta regularizations are investigated. Also, the limit behavior of an arithmetic function arising from the Ruelle type zeta function is observed.


CH3NH3PbI3-based perovskite solar cells have achieved great success in the past several years. However, their further large scale application is hindered by the toxicity of the Pb. Here, the existence of a stable perovskite structure with close to optimum optical properties for solar cells with Pb replaced by Bi was shown by theoretical modeling. It was found that the cubic perovskite BiI3 framework is maintained only when the polar organic group of CH3NH3+ is dissociated into neutral CH3NH2 molecule and hydrogen. The band gap of the neutral molecular filled CH3NH2BiI3 perovskite structure gives a value of 1.61 eV, which matches closely the solar spectrum with a maximum possible efficiency of 28.5% close to the Shockley–Queisser limit of 33% for a single stage cell, offering a new and promising lead-free route for perovskite solar cells.


After surveying high-attaining 14and 15-year-old students about proof in algebra, we found that students simultaneously held 2 different conceptions of proof: those about arguments they considered would receive the best mark and those about arguments they would adopt for themselves. In the former category, algebraic arguments were popular. In the latter, students preferred arguments that they could evaluate and that they found convincing and explanatory, preferences that excluded algebra. Empirical argument predominated in students' own proof constructions, although most students were aware of its limitations. The most successful students presented proofs in everyday language, not using algebra. Students' responses were influenced mainly by their mathematical competence but also by curricular factors, their views of proof, and their genders.


Elasticity imaging has emerged as a viable clinical tool for assisting in diagnosis of certain diseases such as liver fibrosis and cancer. Many methods have been developed for generating and measuring shear waves in soft tissues. The advantage of using shear waves is that the shear wave velocity is proportional to the mechanical material properties of the tissues under investigation. Soft tissues are inherently viscoelastic and considerable effort has been made to quantify the dispersion, or variation of frequency, of the velocity and attenuation of shear waves. This is accomplished by measuring the shear wave motion and using Fourier-based techniques to extract the shear wave velocity and attenuation. Additional considerations are made in tissues where geometric dispersion is also present such as in the heart. Viscoelastic characterization of the shear viscoelasticity of soft tissues in vivo such as human liver, human kidney, and swine heart will be shown. We will also demonstrate parameterization of the...


In the early the government of Sung Dynasty had permitted their subject countries for voyage which are limited to Southeast Asia(南蕃). However due to limitation of political power which central government had and insecurity of marine trade system, actually illegal voyage of sea traders was committed overtly. In the Shenjong dynasty new polish party government(新法黨) wanted to reform these conditions. First of all new polish party government consolidated the marine trade system. Together with this, it took the policy which was approved as real circumstances where their sea traders voyaged other countries which were not Southeast Asia. As a part of policy, the government permitted the voyage of Song marine trader with Koryo and Japan in the next year, Further Arab area(大食). It is interpreted that bureaucracies of new polish party government judged that it would be more profitable to open than to stick to closed policy estranged from reality. By the way, In Zhejong(哲宗) dynasty, Su-shi(蘇軾) criticized Koryo and insisted to go back to old marine trade system. The reason he criticized Koryo was that Koryo was the very first country Song government opened for foreign trade. Therefore by criticizing Koryo, Su-shi(蘇軾) wanted to modify the open-door policy of foreign policy. Because of this, in the time of grasping political power of old policy party(舊法黨) old marine trade system of the early Song dynasty was returned again. However as new policy party came into power again, the open-door policy was propelled, once again. Like this, There was conflict between new policy party and old policy party about marine trade problem. From the middle of Tang Dynasty, as Islamic merchants advanced into the East, Marine Trade between the East and the West began on full scale. If it is important for Islamic merchant to advance into the East, so is the Eastern merchant's advance. However it was since Shenjong era of Nothern Sung Dynasty that Chinese merchant, one of the Eastern merchants advanced into the foreign market. By the time Shenjong of Northern Sung Dynasty, The Emperor allowed their own merchants to make a passage into Koryo and all over the world. Consequently Shenjong era of Nothern Sung Dynasty should be reevaluated in terms of World Trade.


The diameter of connector usually is bigger than that of drilling string.Under normal conditions,the body of drilling string was not contact with the hole/casing.The mechanical model of drilling string with connectors was set up in the paper,and was analyzed by iteration method for drag and torque during drilling,pulling out,going down and back reaming.The model can predict the magnitude and direction of contact force at every connector.Compared the calculated data with the field data,the errors of the hook load was less than 5% and that of torque was less than 7%.This model offered a simple and effective method for predicting the drag and torque of drilling string.


THE PSYCHOSOCIAL IMPACT OF BEING DIAGNOSED WITH GENITAL HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS MAY 1994 DEBRA EDELMAN, B.S., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST M.Ed., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Ph.D., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Directed by: Professor Ronald H. Fredrickson The purpose of this study was to obtain information regarding how people are affected by a diagnosis of genital warts/HPV. The psychosocial affects studied included emotional health, social and sexual relationships , feeling • s about one • s sexual ity , safer sex practices and sexual


The authors presents some thoughts on the conservation of metal heritage. By examining our scientific and practical knowledge, it was attempted to determine the directions in which our profession could be improved. The lack of communication between scientist and conservator, and the non-existence of an institution to facilitate this relationship, are partially responsible for this situation. One way to improve conservation is to increase contact with unusual objects. They force us to adapt and to dig into our ethical framework in order to find the best solution for their conservation. Several examples are given to explain the limitations of our action (industrial patrimony, contemporary art, outdoor metal sculpture...). The importance of training and education is mentioned, and a special wish is esxpressed to bring together scientists and conservators.


Phase-transfer-catalyzed glycosylation of flavonoid aglycons appears to be a facile method for flavonoid glycosides synthesis, the stereospecificity of the reaction appears to be good, except for the L-rhamnose derivatives


On the Treatment and Prognosis in cases of Fractured Base of the Skull with involvement of the Ear. H. LOEBELL. (Z. Laryng., 1935, xxvi., 117-34O Among eighty-five cases of fractured base admitted at the Marburg Ear Clinic since 1922, there were twenty-two cases in which a prolonged period of observation was necessary. The present article is based on an analysis of the clinical histories of these twenty-two patients. The cases are divided into those with closed tympanic cavities (ohrgeschlossen) and those with ruptured tympanic membranes and flow of cerebrospinal fluid or blood from the meatus (ohroffen). There were only two instances of the first group ; patients with fractured base of skull without obvious involvement of the ears are usually admitted on the surgical side of hospitals. In this group operation is never necessary unless symptoms develop which indicate increased intracranial pressure or incipient meningitis. In the second group the author also advises an expectant attitude. In this respect the treatment at the Marburg Clinic differs from the line taken by Voss, Link and others who advise early operation if there is a suspicion of sepsis in the middle ear. When the middle ear is healthy, all are agreed that there is little danger of meningitis when the fracture has involved the tympanic cavity. In the second group, operation may become necessary (a) when there are signs of an early endocranial complication ; (b) when suppuration occurs in a middle ear which is involved in the fracture line ; (c) when the fracture traverses a tympanic cavity affected by chronic suppuration. Even in such cases the expectant attitude is justified up to a point. When operation does become necessary nothing short of an extensive radical mastoid with wide exposure of the dura suffices. Among the twenty cases in the second group eleven required an operation. All these patients recovered, which compares favourably with other statistics. The last two cases in the list were particularly interesting. (1) A woman, aged 22, with fractured base, the fracture line going through an old radical mastoid cavity. At the operation a posterior branch of the middle meningeal artery had to be tied. (2) A girl, aged 8, who developed a suppurative otitis and signs of an early meningitis after a motor accident


This study aims to determine differences in solving abilities Mathematical problems of students using model learning models Problem Based Learning and Discovery Learning learning models on the material build a room in class V SDN 52 Kendari in the academic year 2019/2020. This research is a quantitative research with quasi-experimental type of research, which is using a nonequivalent control group design research design. The population in this study were all fifth grade students of the school year 2019/2020 with 93 students. The sample of this study is the total population class V, that is class Vb with a total of 28 students, as experimental class I and Vc class of 30 students, as experimental class II. Technique Data collection is done by problem solving ability testing techniques Student mathematics is given in the form of essay tests and documentation techniques. Data analysis techniques using descriptive analysis and inferential analysis. Based on data analysis and discussion, it was concluded that there were differences in students' mathematical problem solving abilities using the problem based learning model and discovery learning learning model in class V building materials SDN 52 Kendari, with thitung = 2.334> ttabel = 2.021 or sig. (2 tailed) 0.012 <α = 0.05.


Standard equipment thinking machines revenge of the nerds the mind's eye good ideas hotheads family values the meaning of life.


This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available in print from Sweet and Maxwell or online via Westlaw.


Catcher bearing is the auxiliary support structure for the magnetic-bearing and turbine rotor system, which is the safety guarantee for the system operation and the key and difficult technology in the design of the magnetic-bearing and turbine rotor system. This paper presents the analysis of impact simula-tion of the HTR-10 vertical magnetic suspension rotor in early design phase, by dropping into the catcher bearing with MSC.Dytran software. The results indicate that if the carbon fiber is designed for the buffer layer structure, the AMB may be damaged, so alternative material shall be considered. The rotary attitude of the vertical magnetic suspension rotor plays a vital role in the performance of the catcher bearing.


Deviation is essential to classic soft threshold denoising in wavelet domain. Texture features ofnoised image denoised by wavelet transform were weakened. Gibbs effect is distinct at edges of image.Image blurs comparing with original noised image. To solve the questions, a blind denoising method basedon single-wavelet transform and multiwavelets transform was proposed. The method doesn't depend onsize of image and deviation to determine threshold of wavelet coefficients, which is different from classicalsoft-threshold denoising in wavelet domain. Moreover, the method is good for many types of noise. Gibbseffect disappeared with this method, edges of image are preserved well, and noise is smoothed andrestrained effectively.


Objective
This study aimed to examine the trends in stroke mortality among young and middle-aged adults in China.

Methods
Data were obtained from the China national vital registration system. Significant changes in mortality were assessed by Joinpoint regression. Age-period-cohort analysis was used to explain the reasons for the changes. Future mortality and counts were predicted by the Bayesian age-period-cohort model.

Results
Between 2002 and 2019, a total of 6,253,951 stroke mortality in young and middle-aged adults were recorded. The age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) of women showed a downward trend. The annual percent changes (APC) were -3.5% (-5.2%, -1.7%) for urban women and -2.8% (-3.7%, -1.9%) for rural women. By contrast, the AAMRs per 100,000 for rural men aged 25-44 years continued to rise from 9.40 to 15.46. The AAMRS for urban men aged 25-44 years and urban and rural men aged 45-64 years did not change significantly. Between 2020 and 2030, the projected stroke deaths are 1,423,584 in men and 401,712 in women.

Conclusion
Significant sex and age disparities in the trends of stroke mortality among young and middle-aged adults were identified in China. Targeted health policy measures are needed to address the burden of stroke in the young generation, especially for rural men, with a focus on the prevention and management of high risk factors.


tion (p=008) or age (p=09). The group who stopped treatment had a higher rate of total fertilisation failure, a lower fertilisation rate, and a generally more unfavourable indication for in vitro fertilisation. These results indicate that the assumption of the life table method is not met because patients who decide to stop treatment are likely to have less chance of conceiving by in vitro fertilisation than patients who continue. Few studies giving cumulative pregnancy rates after several cycles of in vitro fertilisation evaluate possible selection bias in the couples who continue treatment. To avoid too high expectations people should be aware of the possibility of such selection, particularly in a study with the objective "to provide reliable prognostic information for couples seeking assisted conception."


Objective To forecast the infant mortality rate(IMR)and provide the theoretical basis for health department.Methods Based on the infant mortality rate of China from 1999 to 2005,we applied the grey systemic forecast model to fit the infant mortality rate.Results The grey systemic forecast model was suitable to forecast the infant mortality rate,and it was testified to be satisfied.listed as.C=0.2092 ;P=1.000.Conclusion The established model was satisfied.The model showed that the infant mortality rate appeared a descending trend on the whole during the recent 4 years.


Six new 6-aminoquinoline derivatives with amino acid in basic side chain were synthesized in order to modify their biological activities.


The optimal genetic regions for the phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission continue to be a matter of debate, with different investigators preferring different regions. However, full-length HBV sequence analysis is the gold standard for the purpose. But in developing countries, such as ours, where HBV infections are endemic, the added cost of full-length sequencing becomes a limiting factor for studying large numbers of samples. Thus, the search for a suitable genetic region of HBV is important.

Initially clustering of HBV seromarkers (7, 12) and subsequently clustering of well-established mutations (e.g., HBsAgG145R or HBeAgW28Stop) were used to demonstrate intrafamilial transmission (1, 9, 11, 13, 15, 18, 19). Recently, to increase the confidence level of detection of true transmission events, phylogenetic analysis with the bootstrap resampling/maximum-likelihood test of surface/precore (preC)/core region sequences was carried out (6, 8, 22). However, clustering of sequences from epidemiologically unrelated families was suggested to be due to a high degree of conservation of surface (S) gene sequence (8), which led to the region being considered unsuitable for transmission studies.

Thus, analysis of nonoverlapping, fast-evolving regions was recommended (3, 5). Interestingly, 67% of the HBV genome is overlapping (16), leaving distal X/preC/partial core regions nonoverlapped. These regions encode important RNA structural elements, such as the epsilon signal (10), that are essential for HBV replication. Thus, one can assume that high variability in these regions might have negative selection pressure; on the other hand, variability in the HBsAg is positively selected to evade host immune pressure. Recently, using statistical models, Szmaragd and colleagues (17) found that overlapping sites have slightly higher substitution rates than nonoverlapping regions, which supports the above assumption.

Further, variability of a genetic region or prevalence of certain mutations varies with the study population, infecting genotype (10), immune status, chronicity (20), clinical outcome (21), duration (associated time frame), and mode of infection (nosocomial, vertical, or intrafamilial horizontal). Thus, as recommended by Bracho and colleagues (3) for investigating the chain of recent/nosocomial fulminant cases, analysis of highly variable preC/core sequence associated with fulminant hepatitis B (14) should be preferred.

Our population shows a low preC mutation prevalence (2), and S gene sequence analysis provided more phylogenetic signal, which is more appropriate for tracing horizontal transmission patterns among HBsAg-negative family members (6). High S-gene variability has been documented in previous studies among HBsAg-negative subjects (20) or among chronic virus carriers or their families (18). In fact, different specific variability levels for the S gene (genotype, subgenotype, and subtype), in addition to mutations, can provide enough confidence to prove transmission events. Actually, in one of our earlier studies, where the preC/core region of all the isolates was identical, genotype, subtype, and mutation analysis of S gene sequences proved two different sources and evidence of horizontal transmission of HBV infection in a family (4).

Thus, before selecting a genetic region for investigations of transmission, it is more reasonable to consider the genetic variability of HBV among the study population, their serological profile, and the mode of probable transmission rather than to adhere to a specific genetic region, found to be more variable in a study of different population groups with different HBV genotypes, disease severity, or serological patterns.


as possible once a definitive EPS diagnosis has been made, and before irreversible peritoneal damage occurs. Unfortunately, the diagnosis of EPS is frequently made later in the course of the disease due to the fact that there are no clinical signs indicative of EPS, especially in the early stage. A wide range of therapies have been used for the treatment of EPS, the most often reported being steroid therapy. Depending on the severity of peritoneal inflammation, pulse and low-dose steroid therapy have generally been effective. In order to treat EPS, immunosuppressive agents such as azathioprine and cyclosporine have been directly or indirectly prescribed by way of renal transplantation (9). Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis or the incidence of an abdominal cocoon syndrome, which can be a rare cause of surgical emergency such as small bowel ileus, may be responsible for recurrent attacks of non-strangulating obstruction. Therefore, it is recommended that adhesiolysis performed by an experienced surgeon may be efficient in facilitating recovery (10).


Both inter-literary and translational transfer contributed to the making of a distinctive Englishlanguage literature in British America and the early United States. Writers residing in America either kept the Britain-based Atlantic reading culture homogeneous by catering to the British reading tastes of many immigrants or, by means of "deviating responses" to eminent British works, helped to bring about an "Americanizing" dissociation. – We need a conceptual frame of reference for this kind of historical study. Americans who studied at German universities, German immigrants, and American literati working from their own country gave nineteenth-century American literary culture a recognizably German dimension.


In recent years,the economy of China has got great progress.Further development of the economy of China relies on the development of the west of the country and the further opening up of the east.The strategy to develop the west is critical for the next generations.A lot of huge projects are now under implementation,such as the project on three gauges,the project on west development,the project on recovery of forest and grass,as well as the project on water transferring from the south to the north..These projects are certainly significant to the whole country.However,they come to a same direction that the sediment supply will be drastically reduced with time.It will,as the result,destroy the sediment balance in the coast of China.Coastal erosion will become a big problem and measures have to be taken to protect the China's coast,in particular the economically important coastal cities from erosion. The sea level rising caused by the green house effect due to the increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will put more salt in the wound.Coastal erosion is regarded as the by-product of sea level rising.Records have proved the sea level of the sea around the China is rising.This consists of another challenge we have to face. Environmental problems and geohazards will increase in both frequency and intensity due to the change of the weather and sediment budget,and human activities.The restricted water circulation of a marginal sea makes its self-cleaning capability weaker.It has proven that the coastal development has caused various hazards,which may bring great economic loss to the society. In conclusion,the China's coast is very fragile to the environment changes,which may happen in a not long future.Pre-measures must be taken to ensure the sustainable economic development of the country.Integrated coastal survey and coastal zone management are the only solutions to the problems.


The effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) is a crucial parameter characterizing the transmitting antennas of a radio frequency satellite link. During the satellite commissioning phase, the requirements compliance of communication subsystems is tested. One of the required tests concerns the EIRP of the satellite transmitting antenna. Ground-based power measurements of the satellite-emitted signal are collected to measure EIRP, provided that an estimate of the atmospheric losses is available from independent ancillary measurements or model data. This article demonstrates the applicability of the so-called Langley method to infer EIRP and atmospheric attenuation simultaneously from ground-based power measurements, with no need for ancillary measurements. It is shown that the proposed method gives results similar to more traditional methods, without prior information on atmospheric attenuation. Thus, the proposed method can be applied to monitor EIRP throughout the satellite lifetime from ground-based power measurements alone.


For the development of resistive fault current limiters understanding of the transition into the normal state is a crucial point. Thereby, there is a ongoing discussion of whether this quench formation is due to a thermal or a non-thermal process. Fast propagation velocity of the quench and a transition clearly below the critical temperature are hints at a non-thermal effect. We have investigated quench formation optically. Thereby, we found that the quench formation velocity is above 10 m s−1 along a YBCO stripe. After a certain quench length, which depends on the applied voltage, the propagation mechanism changes and the propagation velocity is reduced to 0.5 m s−1. We proved the optical results by measuring the quench propagation velocity via the voltage drop at taps separated by a defined distance. To explain quench formation we build up a thermal model within a numerical simulation. Thereby, flux flow motion leads to a thermally induced transition. Dissipated energy is transferred into the substrate, where it diffuses further on. This leads to a fast enlargement of the normal zone. The calculated propagation values are in good agreement with the experimental results.


With the enlargement of the productive capacity to 200 kt/a from 50 kt/a at the corp., the fluorine absorption system is modified with spray absorber instead of watersprinkling wheel absorption room,and with installations of separator and cooler for silica gel in the absorbent, which results in the much higher fluorine absorbility, the tail gas exhausting under the national environmental standard and the recovery of commercial byproduct fluorosilicic acid with highanalysis. Meanwhile its process, equipment and operation are also described.


To fuel further growth and development, many countries in Central and East Europe that have made the transition from socialist to market economies are anxious to reverse the brain drain by attracting their nationals who have studied and/or worked abroad to return. This study seeks to examine the experiences and challenges encountered by nationals upon their return home, after having lived abroad for an extensive period of time. These people are referred to as 'ex-host country nationals' (EHCNs). The findings of this exploratory study of 86 EHCNs, all recipients of prestigious scholarships to study abroad, have important implications, both theoretical and practical, for international human resource management, including governmental attempts to curb or reverse brain drain from their respective countries.


Objective To study the production of beta-lactamases on pseudomonas aeruginosa(PA) and provide the guideline for treatment and control of PA infection in intensive care unit(ICU).Methods The susceptibility of 78 strains of PA was tested by K-B method.The three dimensional method was taken to test the various beta-lactamases.Results Among 78 strains,there were 5 strains producing extended spectrum beta-lactamases(ESBLs),accounted for 6.4%,31 strains producing Ampc beta-lactamases(AmPC),accounted for 39.7%,17 trains producing ESBLs and AmPC at the same time,12 strains of them were producing metallo-beta-lactamases.Conclusion The main beta-lactamases was AmPC beta-lactamases in our hospital.In order to reduce the drug-resistance stains and control the infection of PA,antibiotics should be used reasonably according to drug susceptibility test.


Today, robotics is an auspicious and fast-growing branch of technology that involves the manufacturing, design, and maintenance of robot machines that can operate in an autonomous fashion and can be used in a wide variety of applications including space exploration, weaponry, household, and transportation. More particularly, in space applications, a common type of robots has been of widespread use in the recent years. It is called planetary rover which is a robot vehicle that moves across the surface of a planet and conducts detailed geological studies pertaining to the properties of the landing cosmic environment. IDE (Integrated Development Environment) for Rover is the development environment for the language Rova. We developed a language called rova, this language only built for the machine rover. Rover is a remotely controlled vehicle, which consists of camera to capture the images. The dynamic model of a Six-Wheeled Articulated lunar rover is researched in this paper.Refer to vehicle dynamics theory, the forces acting on the wheels are analyzed in terms of mechanical principles and configuration features on rough terrain. The language Rova consists of set of instruction and some control structures, which is used to control the Rover and to capture the videos and images. Using this IDE we can send the signal to the Rover and the Rover will respond according to the signal. And it will send images and videos to the system. KeywordRova, Rover, Circular Trajectory.


Bootstrapping is commonly used as a tool for non-parametric statistical inference to assess the quality of estimators in variable selection models. However, for a massive dataset, the computational requirement when using bootstrapping in variable selection models (BootVS) can be crucial. In this study, we propose a novel framework using a bag of little bootstraps variable selection (BLBVS) method with a ridge hybrid procedure to assess the quality of estimators in generalized linear models with a regularized term, such as lasso and group lasso penalties. The proposed method can be easily and naturally implemented with distributed computing, and thus has significant computational advantages for massive datasets. The simulation results show that our novel BLBVS method performs excellently in both accuracy and efficiency when compared with BootVS. Real data analyses including regression on a bike sharing dataset and classification of a lending club dataset are presented to illustrate the computational superiority of BLBVS in large-scale datasets.


430074, China) Abstract: High temperature proton conductor CaZr 0.9 In 0.1 O 3- α powders were prepared. By using the prepared powders, solid state electrolyte tubes were prepared. After assembling two types of concentration cell type hydrogen sensors, the effects of reference hydrogen partial pressures on electromotive force errors and hydrogen partial pressure calculation errors were investigated. At temperatures ranging from 873-1073 K and in the hydrogen partial pressure range of 0.005-0.1 atm (1 atm=1.013  10 5 Pa), the relative errors of electromotive forces increase when the hydrogen partial pressure difference between reference and measurement sides enlarged. This phenomenon is more obvious at low temperature of 873 K. The calculation error of the hydrogen partial-pressure according to the Nernst law is greatly dependent on hydrogen pressure ratio of the two sides of the cell. This error can be eliminated through reference hydrogen partial pressure at electromotive force of zero instead of hydrogen partial pressure. Hydrogen pressures platforms of β -ZrH x and δ -ZrH x coexistence zone were calculated by this method, as well as the formation enthalpy and formation entropy in the


This study seeks to find optimum conditions for the heating schedule of the Diopside-Devitrite system, to fine the amounts and the kinds of nucleus which affect the crystal growth and forming nucleus. Generally, crystallization in the glass depends on the number of nucleus growing in the internal system and the rate of crystal growth. In order to obtain homogeneous polystalline phase, Diopside as MgO source and ZrO₂·P₂O?, TiO₂, NaF, CaF₂ as nucleating agents were added to the Na₂O·CaO·6SiO₂ glass. The results obtained were Summarized as follows. 1) Optimum Batch Composition of base glass is 76.82 wt. % SiO₂, 5.84 wt. & CaO, 4.54 wt. % MgO and 9.80 wt. % Na₂O. 2) Best heating schedule. 3) The optimum amounts of ZrO₂·P₂O?, TiO₂ and CaF₂ are 3wt. % and that of NaF is 4 wt. % as a nucleating agents.


The subject of this work is the oil and gas markets as well as their trade through shipping. In the first section we will record the definitions of oil and gas. We will also refer to their key features and give a brief historical review of their extraction and marketing.
In the second chapter we will deal with the global oil and gas market. We will give definitions of supply and demand and we will associate supply with demand.
In the third chapter, we will focus on how to transport oil and gas, on preferred transport routes and on transport costs.
In the next chapter we will discuss in detail the tankers used for transport. We will record their species, their capacities and their basic characteristics.
In the fifth chapter we will make an extensive account of how oil and gas are loaded onto tankers and how terminals work.
In the sixth and final chapter we will deal with the oil economy. We will refer to oil crises from time to time and to the impact of oil and gas prices on the global economy.


This study explores how identical final CV syllables in C1VC3V C2VC3V word pairs affect speech error patterns. Recent kinematic studies have shown that speakers frequently added non-intended movements to intended articulatory movements during the first consonants of C1VC3 C2VC3 syllables or reduce the range of the intended movements [1, 2, 3]. This effect was especially strong in syllables that contained identical final consonants, such as in switching from "cop top" to "top cop" [2]. It was hypothesized for the current study that C1VC3V C2VC3V word pairs, in which the second and fourth syllable were identical, would show similar intrusion and reduction patterns. Articulatory movements of the tongue tip, dorsum and lower lip were recorded with the 3D ElectroMagnetic Articulograph (AG501). Stimuli consisted of pairs of open and pairs of closed syllables. The findings revealed that CVCV CVCV word pairs resulted in significant more intrusions than CVC CVC word pairs.


Monocyte chemotactic activities in supernatants of ovalbumin (OA)‐stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures were studied in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) who were sensitive to hen's egg. The monocyte chemotactic activities in hen's egg‐sensitive AD patients were significantly higher than those of non‐atopic healthy controls and patients with immediate allergic symptoms. However, the monocyte chemotactic activities were not detected in bovine serum albumin‐Stimulated PBMC culture supernatants in patients with AD who were sensitive to hen's egg. but not to cow's milk. Furthermore, there was significant correlation between the monocyte chemotactic activities and proliferative responses of PBMCs to OA in hen's egg‐sensitive AD patients, whereas there was no significant correlation between the monocyte chemotactic activities and radioallergosorbent test values. These results suggest that PBMCs stimulated with food antigens produce monocyte chemotactic factors which relate to the pathogenesis of AD in food‐sensitive AD patients and that the pathogdenesis of AD may be related to cell‐mediated immune responses.


Purpose – This article aims to stimulate discussion of how the advertising of brands affects the product category by creating generic demand.Design/methodology/approach – The article outlines the author's personal viewpoint.Findings – Although greater emphasis has been given to generic advertising's effect on brands, there is evidence that brand advertising can stimulate generic demand.Practical implications – The article takes the discussion of the issue to a different level.Originality/value – The article not only explores ways of increasing generic demand, it also provides theoretical explanations for how it can occur.


Preface The Semantic Web offers new technologies and paradigms to the developers of e-learning applications aiming at providing more intelligent access to and management of Web information and semantically richer modelling of the applications and their users. An important target for (educational) Web application researchers and developers nowadays is to provide means to unite, as much as possible, the efforts in creating information and knowledge components that are easily accessible and usable by third parties. Within the educational space this motivates efforts to achieve semantically rich, well-structured, standardised and verified educational content The Semantic Web with its emerging technologies and standards allows achieving of such reusability, shareability and interoperability among educational Web applications. Conceptualizations (formal taxonomies), ontologies, and the available Web standards, such as XML, RDF, XTM, OWL, DAML-S, and RuleML, allow specification of components in a standard way. The notion of Web services offers a way to make such components mobile and accessible within the wide sea of Web information and applications. The research on e-learning systems involves research interests and efforts from various fields. Starting with the traditional ITS and going towards Web-based ITS, the research on intelligent educational applications strengthens its positions within this context. They all come together in their attempt to serve better the needs of the education community by employing Semantic Web technologies in order to achieve improved e-learning efficiency, adaptation and flexibility for single and group users (e.g. instructors, courseware authors and learners). Knowledge capture is becoming increasingly important in the educational Semantic Web context by offering technologies for acquiring, representing, reasoning, and manipulating information. The ambitious target is to offer manageable, extendable and standardised infrastructure for complementing and collaborating knowledge-based learning applications. In this way, the Semantic Web offers a different perspective on the Intelligent Educational Systems by providing advanced technologies to support more adequate and accurate representations of learners, their learning goals, learning material and contexts of its use, as well as better access and navigation through the learning resources. SW-EL'05 @ K-CAP'05 focuses on the application of Semantic Web technologies for the needs of Web-based educational systems with an emphasis on issues related to knowledge acquisition and management, semantic interoperability, standardization and Semantic Web-based personalization. The following topics are addressed in the attempt to achieve the Educational Semantic Web: • Using ontologies and/or Semantic Web technologies within e-learning applications: