When bound to thyroid hormone, the nuclear receptor TRα1 activates the transcription of a number of genes in many cell types. It mainly acts by binding DNA as an heterodimer with RXRs at specific response elements related to the DR4 consensus sequence. However, the number of DR4-like elements in the genome exceed by far the number of occupied sites, indicating that minor variations in nucleotides composition deeply influence the DNA-binding capacity and transactivation activity of TRα1. An improved protocol of synthetic STARR-seq was used to quantitatively assess the transcriptional activity of thousands of synthetic sites in parallel. This functional screen highlights a strong correlation between the affinity of the heterodimers for DNA and their capacity to mediate the thyroid hormone response.


Purpose: To discuss the advantages of pedicle buccal fat pad flaps used to cover areas of exposed bone of the lateral hard palate. Patients and Methods: Fifty patients had buccal fat pad flaps used in cleft palate repair. Fat pad is filled into the lateral defect and sutured to palatal flap and gingiva without any tension over the midline suture of palatal flap. Results: No patients had any perioperative complication related to buccal fat pad or donor-site. In all cleft palate patients, the recipient areas fully epithelialized within 2 weeks or less. No patients had developed infection, loss of graft, palatal fistulas, or cheek depression. Conclusion: This technique allows safe, simple, durable, autologous, and vascularized coverage of the denuded bony hard palate.


Product platforms allow companies to compete in the global marketplace by facilitating product variety and by adding, removing, or substituting components and features across a product family, while reducing costs and lead times. In many cases, developing a common platform involves determining which components are in a product family, their connections, and their spatial layouts. The development of product configurations and layouts is a complex problem and involves both discrete and continuous mathematical processes. This paper presents algorithms and an implementation to address the problem of configuring products and component layouts. The algorithms will describe the processes used to generate the product configurations based on constraints on combinations and the layout of components within the products. The implementation presents software developed to present the algorithms for the configuration and layout processes.


This paper deals with a thermodynamic study of 1H-1,2,4-triazole and 1H-benzotriazole (general formula C2H3N3 and C6H5N3 respectively). Investigations were performed by combustion calorimetry of small amounts of substance (a few milligrams), sublimation calorimetry, differential thermal analysis and heat capacity measurements. The experimental combustion, sublimation and fusion enthalpies of the two compounds were determined as well as their triple point temperatures and are as follows: From these results, experimental resonance energies have been obtained and compared with theoretical values. The experimental atomization enthalpy of 1H-1,2,4-triazole is compatible with the calculated value. In the case of 1H-benzotriazole, it was possible to determine from this thermodynamic quantity a value of 298·4 kJ mol-1 for the N=N bond enthalpy.


Electronic brokerage, multimedia banking, cyber money - the list of terms for tomorrow's banking goes on. The banks are facing serious changes created by rapid development in information and communication technology. Electronic networks will allow banking services to be provided everywhere and around the clock. This development will result in a virtual bank which, in the end, poses exactly that challenge which must be met by banks today. The article analyses this challenge by describing the elements of a virtual bank and examining the changes occuring in bank-customer relations in order to draw conclusions regarding possible opportunities and risks for the existing banking system.


View-based recognition is a simple, relatively robust method for object recognition. Current techniques use small, simplistic object databases requiring, in many cases, large processing training and/or recognition times. In this paper we propose an extension to the view-based object recognition paradigm using lines or transects of 2D image views together with a k-NN classi er that achieves high generalisation recognition rates with reduced computational times compared with other more elaborate recognition algorithms.


The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the tenure of auditor and audit quality in Nigeria. The Binary Logit Model estimation technique was use to analyze the relationship between the tenure of an auditor and audit quality. Further research should consider other vital variables that affect audit quality such as non-audit services. Findings reveal that there is a negative relationship between auditor tenure and audit quality though the variable was not significant. The recommendation is that there is the need for the financial reporting council and other regulatory bodies in line with best practices to look critically into the issue of auditor tenure and its impact on audit quality in Nigeria.


A reliable and rapid cold start of the engine is related with the unburned hydrocarbon (HC) emissions as well as energy efficiency. Because combustion characteristics are relevant parameters for a reliable combustion process, an experimental investigation on the combustion characteristics has thus been made in a constant volume combustion bomb for methanol−gasoline blended fuel at relatively low temperatures. The effects of the equivalence ratio of the combustible mixture on the combustion pressure, ignition delay time, mass burning rate, and the flame propagation speed are mainly studied. It is shown that moderate methanol addition can slightly improve the combustion performance at low temperatures, compared to that of pure gasoline fuel, because methanol addition into gasoline results in the improvement of blend evaporation. The exhaust emissions are measured in terms of unburned HC, carbon monoxide (CO), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions. It is reported that the emissions of HC during the rich fue...


It is almost self-evident that the relationship between rhythm and metre must vary from one composer to another. Generalization in such matters is difficult and probably ill-advised. But it seems clear that for German/Austrian composers in the first half of this century, who customarily used divisive rhythms set within traditional metres, the interdependence of rhythm and metre was not as critical as it was in the music of composers such as Stravinsky and Bartók, whose typically additive rhythms were notated in those metres – often asymmetrical or constantly changing – that most clearly expressed their natural accents. In most cases the rhythms of a Schoenberg or a Webern, as well as-the choice of metre in which to express them, would seem not to have been intrinsic to the original musical idea in the same way that they were to a Stravinsky or a Bartók (even when folk music was not directly involved). This is not to say that rhythm and metre were not important to the two Viennese composers, but only that their conception seems initially to have been more concerned with pitch sequences and contours than with rhythm and metre, these being things that could be worked out later, as composition progressed. The surviving sketches of Webern, at least, appear to bear out such an assertion.


The effects of energy level, fat type, and fat level in breeder hen diets on subsequent offspring market age live BW, carcass yield, and liver characteristics from breeder hens at 29 and 36 wk of age were evaluated. At 22 wk of age, six dietary treatments were imposed. Dietary treatments contained: 1) 3.0%, added poultry fat (PF) and 467 (high energy) kcal/hen per day at peak production (CPP), 2) no added fat and high energy, 3) 3.0% added PF and 430 (low energy) CPP, 4) no added fat and low energy, 5) 1.5% added PF and 449 (moderate energy) CPP, and 6) 3.0% added corn oil (CO) and moderate energy. Breeder age influenced Day 43 broiler live BW, percentage total carcass and front-half yields, and liver moisture contents. Furthermore, wet and dry liver weights were higher in female broilers compared to those of male broilers from 29-wk-old breeder hens. Live BW was higher in broilers from hens fed low-energy diets compared with moderate-energy diets and 3.0% compared to 1.5% PF diets. Percentage liver DM was higher in females compared to male broilers from hens fed 3.0% CO and moderate energy and was highest in male and female broilers from hens fed 1.5% PF and moderate energy. Percentage wet liver weight and liver DM were higher and liver moisture content was lower in broilers from hens fed 1.5% compared to 3.0% PF diets. Overall, energy and fat levels in breeder diets had subsequent influences on market age weight and liver characteristics of broilers.


ABSTRACT Library Web developers can improve their Web pages and work towards accessibility by all user groups. This article describes some general accessibility guidelines to follow when creating Web pages. It discusses the recommendations of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), called the Web Accessibility Initiatives (WAI). This article focuses attention on the accessibility of Web pages to users with visual impairments, auditory impairments, and mobility impairments. Accessibility guidelines for these user groups are suggested. Another important aspect of creating accessible Web pages is to test the pages during and after development. Online products that test accessibility are discussed as well as additional test methods, such as user input.


Asghar Zaidi: The Well-Being of Older People in Ageing Societies. Aldershot and Vienna 2008: Ashgate and European Centre for Social Welfare Policy and Research, 318 pp.


As the traditional transparent encryption drive technology brought about serious problems such as conflict by the file damage,application compatibility difference,and antivirus software and similar technology,this paper presents a transparent encryption method based on layered file system according to the use of multi-level file filter driver to achieve the file multiple filter function.High efficiency,high stability,high compatibility in the process of file encryption is ensured.


Large amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus and other pollutants in livestock wastewater caused serious water pollution. Using aquatic plants can be effective for removal and purification livestock wastewater. In this paper, the purifying efficiency of livestock wastewater with three aquatic plant species, Potamogeton pectinatu, Elodea nuttallii, and Duckweed were investigated by Aquatic plant purification tank simulating experiment. The results showed that the aquatic plants had significant removal efficiency. The removal efficiency of Turbidity attained 80.6%, 82.6%, 90.8% respectively and dissolved oxygen, respectively, increased to 83%, 89.3%, 94.8%. Removal rate of COD in Duckweed tank accounted for 43.83%, which was significantly higher than those in Potamogeton pectinatu, and Elodea nuttallii tanks. Three aquatic plants had high removal rate of total phosphorus (TP), which reached 84.4%, 90.5%, 95.95% respectively. Removal rate of total nitrogen (TN) which attained 76.4% in Elodea nuttallii tank was evidently higer than those in Potamogeton pectinatu, and Duckweed tanks. Moreover, removal rate of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) in three aquatic plants tank had reached more than 95%. Over all, the pollutant removal efficiency showed a sequence of Duckweed > Elodea nuttallii > Potamogeton pectinatu.


Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) can be generally described as large-bodied, mainly frugivorous apes that live in large social groups with a fission-fusion organization. However, the specificities of their socioecology have been shown to greatly vary across populations. Additionally, the types of habitats in which chimpanzees live and sympatric faunal species differ among study sites. It is becoming clear that the description of "chimpanzee" needs to be contextualized in order to be scientifically informative, but using what context? Here, I consider one possibility, that of subspecies classification. For example, are eastern chimpanzees (P.t. schweinfurthii) clearly different from western chimpanzees (P.t. verus)? Or is there too much variation within these categories, thus making a socioecological description by subspecies just as ineffective as a general one? Data comprising geographic location, rainfall, seasonality, food resources, sympatric fauna, and behavioral variables from numerous chimpanzee study sites were compiled from the existing literature and compared. Not surprisingly, when examined individually, the variables of sympatric fauna and vegetation cluster sites according to subspecies, since this designation is closely tied to geographical and thus environmental factors. However, study sites with similar cultural variants are not necessarily of the same subspecies. When these and other variables are combined, the delineation between subspecies becomes less clear. Therefore, while referring to "eastern", "western", "Nigerian", or "central" chimpanzees might be more meaningful, this classification can obscure some variation within a population, perhaps making site-name based referencing nomenclature a better option.


The effect of investment in higher education has been hardly evaluated due to its indirectness,lagging,long-term and difficulty to be calculated in quantity,and as a result the further improvements of management on higher educational investment have been restricted in our country.To solve this problem,an index system for post-evaluation on investment in higher education is established based on post-evaluation theory,and a fuzzy comprehensive approach to post-evaluation on investment in higher education is also proposed.The method builds the hierarchy relationships of the index system and computes the relative weights of the indices by means of the analytical hierarchy process, and then takes into account all the factors that affect the higher educational investment.An example demonstrates that the proposed method is feasible and effective to produce a reasonable general conclusion.


Later this year, the Canadian firm Li-Cycle will begin constructing a US $175 million plant in Rochester, N.Y., on the grounds of what used to be the Eastman Kodak complex. When completed, it will be the largest lithium-ion battery-recycling plant in North America.


Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of common female endocrine metabolic disorders, characterized by oligo-ovulation and/or anovulation (OA), clinical and/or biochemical hyperandrogenism (HA) and polycystic ovaries (PCO). The clinical manifestations of PCOS are highly complex and heterogeneous. Aside from menstrual and reproductive dysfunctions, PCOS is often associated with long-term health risks, such as obesity, insulin resistance (IR), dyslipidaemia, increased oxidative stress (OS), subclinical chronic inflammation, elevated risks of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and future cardiovascular diseases. HA plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Increased OS is not only an important factor leading to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases, but also potentially related to the occurrence and progress of PCOS. Recent studies have shown that there was a strong association between HA and increased OS in PCOS. In this article, we focus on the sources of OS molecules and the antioxidant defense mechanisms, the OS status in PCOS and its relationship with HA, the interaction and its impossible mechanisms between HA and OS, and the current status and future prospects of OS prevention and treatment in patients with PCOS.

Key words:
Polycystic ovary syndrome; Hyperandrogenism; Oxidative stress; Female


On a broad understanding of the existing research, in-depth investigation of present situation of Sports Tourism projects carrying out of " Sichuan Pangolin Tourism Co., Ltd." ,with the methods of literature and SWOT analysis, this essay has a comprehensive and detailed parse of company settings of sports tourism projects, puts forward some strategic suggestions for the problems in the project settings, and offers theoretical reference for sports tourism businesses to carry out tourism projects.


Minute pulmonary meningothelial-like nodules (MPMNs) are rare lesions of the pulmonary interstitium. They comprise small nests of monomorphic round to spindle cells, likely reactive in nature. Although multiple lesions with unilateral involvement of one or even all lobes of the same lung have been described, they are most often single and their average size is 1-3 mm in diameter. Computed tomography (CT) scan did not contribute to the detection of these small pulmonary lesions. These nodules are generally asymptomatic and are usually found incidentally at autopsy or in surgical specimens resected for unrelated causes. Here, we report a patient with solitary pulmonary nodule receiving lobectomy. Intraoperatively, the surgeon found a grey white firm tumor about 1.6×1.2×1 cm in size and tour tiny firm satellite nodules in the same lobe. Because of different AJCC pathological stage, it is necessary to examine whether the tumor nodules in the same lobe are separate or not. The intraoperative frozen sections reported adcnocarcinoma for the largest one and benign for the other four smaller nodules. The final diagnosis is moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of lung with pulmonary meningothelial-like nodules. The AJCC pathological staging is pT1aN0M0. stage IA, and mis-staging as stage IIB has been avoided.


The separation according to the invention of a material-laden hot gas stream consists essentially of the following steps: - the material-laden hot gas stream is separated in a first separator into a gastronome and a material stream, wherein the stream of material contains a coarser and a finer fraction and - the stream of material is then sifted in a sifter with at least a portion of the gas stream, wherein the coarser fraction of the material stream is discharged, while the finer fraction is discharged together with the gas stream separately from the coarser fraction.


Protection panel (3) for an aircraft, suitable for being associated with at least a portion of the surface to be protected, comprising the protection panel a plurality of layers bound together, wherein at least one of said layers consists of an aramid fiber, wherein the layers are arranged such that the panel is stepped (31) in the perimeter area and said circumferential area is provided a tape and elements of mechanical connection for connecting the panel to the surface intended to be covered.


Heart disease and failure typically arise from the heart's inability to meet systemic oxygen demands. During disease progression, working cardiomyocytes are less able to generate the rigorous force required for the heart to pump blood to the whole body. Action potentials during each heartbeat are normally coupled with uniform Ca2+-dependent myofilament contraction, known as excitation-contraction coupling, and is governed through a process called Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release.1 To achieve an efficient and synchronous Ca2+ release throughout the cytosol, cardiomyocytes have developed an exquisite network of specialized membrane structures known as transverse tubules or T-tubules.2,3 During early postnatal cardiac development, T-tubules originate from the sarcolemma along sarcomeric Z-lines that begin to invaginate and project interiorly. As T-tubules mature, they concentrate L-type Ca2+ channels required for Ca2+ influx and form stable contacts with nearby sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membranes abundant with RyR2 (type 2 ryanodine receptor) Ca2+ release channels. These T-tubule/ SR contact sites are referred to as cardiac dyads or junctional membrane complexes (JMCs).4,5 Thus, cardiomyocyte maturation results in regularly arrayed Ca2+ crosstalk microdomains, facilitated by an intricate T-tubular network, that provide the physical basis for simultaneous and concerted intracellular Ca2+ spikes required for each heartbeat. The importance of maintaining dyad structure is evident in the hypertrophied and failing heart as T-tubule remodeling and ensuing uncoupling from junctional SR constitute the ultrastructural basis of excitation-contraction uncoupling and Ca2+ handling dysfunction in heart disease.6,7 Although much is known regarding the structure and function of the T-tubule system in both health and disease, what remains incompletely understood is how the articulately invaginated T-tubule is initiated and formed, and how the JMC itself is regulated in cardiomyocytes.


Error and expectation in language learning: The curious absence of mouses in adult speech Michael Ramscar & Melody Dye Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Jordan Hall, Stanford, CA 94305. Abstract 1988). However, these factors have been largely overlooked in discussions of children's learning, especially in relation to language. The extensive literature asserting the lack of negative evidence to children learning language (e.g., Chomsky, 1959; Pinker, 1984, 2004; Marcus, 1993) either ignores expectation and error-driven learning, or treats them superficially at best. Expectation is usually dismissed as a weak form of 'indirect negative evidence' that can offer little to no assistance in the complex process of language acquisition (Pinker, 2004). Here we show that prediction-error provides an abundant source of evidence in human learning, and in particular language learning, by testing and confirming an intriguing prediction that error-driven learning makes about children's plural over-regularization errors: namely, that at an appropriate point in learning, the tendency of children to over-regularize irregular plurals can be reduced through exposure to regular plurals alone. Although many learning theories make use of negative evidence, it is often overlooked in the language-learning literature, leading both to claims that learning simple aspects of grammar is logically impossible and appeals to a universal grammar. Here we investigate the ability of young children to correct their tendency to over-regularize plural nouns. We present an error-driven model of plural learning that makes a surprising prediction: at an appropriate stage in learning, children's tendency to over-regularize irregular plurals can be reduced through exposure to regular plurals alone. We describe a simulation and a behavioral experiment showing that, consistent with the model's predictions of 'U-shaped' learning, memory testing on regular plurals led to significant reductions in plural over-regularization in six-year-olds, while increasing over-regularization in four-year-olds. Prediction error appears to be a strong corrective source of evidence in learning, suggesting that learning language may be far more possible than is sometimes supposed. Introduction Prediction error and learning theory Formal learning models are able to account for a wide range of the effects associated with learning by assuming that learning is driven by the discrepancy between what is expected and what is actually observed (error-driven learning). The learned predictive value of cues produces expectations, and any difference in the value of what is expected versus what is experienced produces further learning. In the Rescorla-Wagner (1972) model, for example, the change in associative strength between a stimulus i and a response (or event) j on trial n is defined as: 1 Gregory: "Is there any other point to which you would wish to draw my attention?" Holmes: "To the curious incident of the dog in the night- time." Gregory: "The dog did nothing in the night-time." Holmes: "That was the curious incident." "Silver Blaze," Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. A racehorse vanishes on the eve of an important race, its trainer murdered. Sherlock Holmes lights upon a crucial piece of evidence: a dog on the premises has remained silent throughout the time in question. The fact that the dog did not bark – and thus, that an expected event did not occur – proves an important clue to the identity of the murderer. As the curious incident of the dog in the nighttime reminds us, much can be learned from discrepancies between what is expected and what actually occurs. In what follows, we show how in the ordinary course of their lives, people use the discrepancy between what they expect and what they actually experience as a vital source of information in learning; and that often, as in the case of Sherlock Holmes and The Silver Blaze, the non-occurrence of expected events provides important negative evidence. That people use such evidence is only natural: expectation and prediction-error are important components of animal learning (Rescorla, ΔV ijn = α i β j ( λ j – V total ) Learning is governed by the value of ( λ j - V TOTAL ) where λ j is the value of the predicted event and V total is the predictive value of a set of cues. In the ordinary course of learning, the discrepancy between λ j and V total reduces over repeated trials, producing a negatively accelerated learning curve, and asymptotic learning. n indexes the current trial. 0 ≤ α i ≤ 1 denotes the saliency of cue i , 0 ≤ β j ≤ 1 denotes the learning rate of event j , λ j denotes the maximum amount of associative strength that cue j can support, and V total is the sum of the associative strengths between all cues j present on the current trial and event j .


Closed cell aluminium foam samples and panels with phase change material (PCM) infiltrated in vacuum were investigated. The utilization of PCMs in larger volumes is strongly limited because of its low thermal conductivity in liquid state. However, porous structure of aluminium foam allows to absorb or to dissipate very homogenously latent heat at almost constant temperature if PCMs with phase change at the temperature range between 4°C and 28 °C are used inside of foam. Therefore the degree of filling of closed cell aluminium foams with PCM material was investigated. It was shown that it is possible to fill sufficient amount of pores with PCM. Further, aluminium foam panels with PCM were tested for heating/cooling applications in buildings. It was confirmed, that such foam panels provide an excellent alternative for large built-in ceiling radiators for efficient heating or cooling of rooms using low potential energy resources. These features of foam panels allow significantly reduce energy consumption of heating/air conditioning systems of future zero energy buildings.


Thermal and ionizing (gamma-ray) radiations were used to induce damage to barley seeds (IB65). The activity and isozyme banding patterns of peroxidase were compared. It was found that both physical agents caused damage to barley seeds (as observed from seedling height), but their action on peroxidase activity is not similar. Gamma-Rays enhance peroxidase activity. Thermal radiation, on the other hand, tends to reduce it but fails to alter the number of peroxidase isozymes. It is conjectured that the pathways of damage by thermal and ionizing radiations are not the same.


A periodic predator-prey model with patch-diffusion and feedback control is studied.By changing the ordinary differential system into an operator equation and using Mawhin's continuation theorem,the existence of at least one positive periodic solution for this model is proved.


The magnetic hydrogels have been fabricated via standard method of polymer preparation. Hydrogels were the mixture of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and water by certain ratio of mass. Magnetism in hydrogels was presented by introduction of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles with crystal size ranging from 11 nm to 15 nm, prepared by coprecipitation technique from iron-sands. According to the magnetic induction experiment, it has shown that the magneto-elasticity of gels containing Fe3O4 of around 2.5% – 15% tends to decrease as increasing Fe3O4 concentration. The magneto-elasticity responses of the gels clearly form hysteresis in the increasing and decreasing applied magnetic field, where in turn open the potential applications of these magnetic hydrogels.


Angle-resolved photoemission experiments using synchrotron radiation have been performed on an As-rich GaAs(111)-2×2 surface over the photon energy range 10-70 eV. The occupied bulk and surface band structures of the surface were investigated using theoretical structure plots involving the linear-muffin-tin-orbital (LMTO) calculated initial bands and free-electron-like final states. Based on a three-step model, the calculations suggest that this surface is rich in surface umklapp effects and that many strong transitions may be explained as surface umklapp transitions involving mainly the surface reciprocal lattice vector g 2×2 =2π/a(-1/3,2/3,-1/3)


Abstract : Mathematical models of underwater acoustic propagation are used in designing, deploying, and using underwater acoustic surveillance systems. This report documents a package of computer programs which solves the parabolic equation for underwater acoustic propagation using a split-step algorithm. These programs are implemented on the Texas Instruments Advanced Scientific Computer and make use of its pipelining and vectorizing capabilities. They include the ability to partially correct for the errors induced by the parabolic assumptions. All of the programs of this package can plot their outputs. These plots include sound-speed contours, sound-speed profiles, the initial pressure field, transmission loss as a function of range, transmission loss as a function of depth, transmission-loss histograms in specified range-and-depth regions, and intensity contours as a function of range and depth. The report summarizes the theory, describes the implementation, and tells how to run the programs.


We calculate the absorption spectrum and cross sections of resonance Raman of ClO2 molecule due to transition X 2B1‹ A 2A2. We evaluate multi-dimensional time domain integrals that arise in the calculation of absorption cross section when the electronic transition takes place between displaced, distorted, rotated harmonic potential energy surfaces.


The growing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in intensive care units (ICUs) is a major problem in the treatment of critically ill patients.


Table of ContentsI. Introduction 327II. The Four Components of a Uniform System 328III. Unilateral, Multilateral, and Federal Action 330A. Unilateral Action 331B. Multilateral Action 334C. Federal Action 335IV. The Willis Committee Report 335V. The Politics of Uniformity 337A. Multilateral Action 337B. Federal Action 338C. Political Stalemate? 339I. IntroductionIn his Note, Beyond BATSA: Getting Serious About Corporate Tax Reform,1 Quinn Ryan examines several common defects of state corporate income taxes that, in isolation or in combination, create distortions, inequities, and complexity, and argues for federal legislation that would substantially reduce the problems he describes. I will expand a bit on Ryan's analysis, review some history, and argue that neither multilateral state action nor federal legislation - especially legislation that would not make matters worse - is likely to occur.II. The Four Components of a Uniform SystemAn ideal system of state corporate income taxes would exhibit uniformity in four important respects: the definition of the potential taxpayer (or of the corporate group whose economic activities are considered in determining tax liability); standards for jurisdiction to tax, hereinafter "nexus"; the definition of income that is potentially subject to tax; and the method used to divide taxable income among the states.2 Uniformity of rates would not be required, should not be imposed, and, as in Ryan's Note, is not considered further.3The "system" of state corporate income taxes actually found in the United States fails on all four counts,4 although there is a fair amount of uniformity across states in the definition of income5 - an issue that will, for that reason, not be considered further here. State assertion of nexus is restricted by federal statutory law (Public Law 86-272) under certain circumstances, but not others, and whether a federal constitutional restriction on the assertion of nexus in the sales and use tax area is applicable for income tax purposes is a matter of continuing controversy in state courts.6 Although a model law, the Uniform Division of Income for Tax Purposes Act7 (UDITPA), has been in existence for over fifty years, it deals with only one of the four areas where uniformity would be desirable, not all income tax states have adopted it or patterned their laws after it, and, despite UDITPA's endorsement of an apportionment formula that accords equal weight to the taxpayer's payroll, property, and sales, there is substantial variation in the weights that the states actually apply, with an increasing number giving sales double or greater weight - or even sole weight, presumably for economic development reasons.8In his note, Ryan has emphasized the lack of a clear nexus standard and the need for a uniform definition of income and a uniform method of dividing income, describing the inequities, economic inefficiencies, and complexity that result from the current defective system.9 He argues that the federal government should enact legislation that would allow a state to assert nexus over any corporation that has an economic presence in the state, rather than the legislation pushed by the business community,10 which would further limit state assertion of nexus for income tax purposes by extending the physical-presence test found in the sales and use tax area to income taxation. …


An improved class AB version of the super source follower is used to implement a compact and power-efficient second order analog low-pass filter. The proposed circuit achieves a 41% power reduction as well as an improvement in linearity and pass band gain with respect to its class A counterpart. Measurement results of a test chip prototype fabricated in a 180 nm CMOS technology show a power consumption ranging from 50.3 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to 85.27 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for cutoff frequencies from 600 kHz to 890 kHz, with a supply voltage of ±0.75 V. A third order intermodulation distortion of −35.34 dB (for an input signal of 0.4 mVpp and 350 kHz) and a THD of −69.7 dB (for an input signal of 0.4 mVpp and 100 kHz) are measured, which results in an improvement with respect to the conventional class A version of 13.98 dB and 43.6 dB, respectively. The silicon area is 0.0592 mm2 (using external capacitors).


The academic feature of liberal arts journal in University determines that the editing work should abide by not only a sound political direction but also a correct academic orientation. The academic orientation of journal resides in its science of editing. The science of journal editing, with abundant meaning, requires editing staff to have strong spirit of science and follow scientific principles.


nausea and vomiting and general malaise. The patient was well until one week prior to admission to this hospital, when at night he suddenly developed a severe headache. The next morning he was unable to eat and vomited several times. At this time his temperatuire was 101.6' F. He was admitted at once to the camp hospital where he remained for a week. During this week the boy's temperature remained elevated with daily remissions to normal. His headachle persisted and vomiting occurred at least once a day. Urine was normal, W.B.C. 8,500, and a chest film disclosed no evidence of pulmonary disease. Since no improvement was observed at the end of one week, the boy was transferred to this hospital. On admission we were confronted with a well nourished, well developed boy who appeared moderately ill. Physical examination revealed slight neck stiffness aind a questionable Kernig sign. The remainder of the physical examination was negative. Ptulse rate 62, B.P. 130/84, respirations 18. Mentally, the bov was alert and cooperative. Laboratory findings are as follows: Urine normal; Hb value 85%, W.B.C. 5,800; erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) 34 mm. in 1 houir; normal dif-


"Becak" is one of three dimensional visual media that can be concrete the student's understanding towards the material of transplantation. Because of becak media, student's can see participate. Student's will be easy to understand the material because it's practical and should be visualized. The aim of this media is student's can practice "Becak" (Belajar Cangkok) media in the IPA learning. It's to develop the critical thinking skills of student's elementary school. This research uses experiental method and research variabel uses pre-test and post-test. By using this method, the researcher will know the understanding from each student. How the apply the media correctly. By the concrete media  and the participation of students's the learning process will be impressive. So that the student's understanding will grow on their own in the way they participate in the learning process.
Keywords: effectiveness, media, critical.


M. BREWSTER SMITH is professor emeritus of psychology at the University of California, Santa Cruz. Among other publications, he is author of Values, Self, and Society: Toward a Humanist Social Psychology (Transaction Books, 1991) and coauthor of Opinions and Personality (John Wiley, 1964). He has been president of the American Psychological Association and of its Division of Humanistic Psychology.


Introduction: Aluminum Phosphide (ALP) is one of the most common sources of pesticide toxicity. Mortality is remarkably high due to immediate release of lethal phosphine gas which causes severe oxidative stress. Unfortunately, treatment is mainly supportive and there is no specific antidote. Studies on the beneficial effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in acute ALP poisoning are controversial. Aim of the Work: This study aimed to assess the benefits of NAC in association with adequate supportive treatment in the management of acute ALP intoxication and exploring its effect on duration of hospitalization, mortality rate and survival time among Egyptian patients admitted to "Toxicology Unit of Emergency Hospital Mansoura University". Subjects and Methods: This was a randomized clinical trial carried out on 60 intoxicated patients of both sexes, presented within 6 hours from ALP intoxication. All participants were divided into two groups, "NAC treated group" and "NAC non treated group". Results: The duration of hospitalization has diminished significantly among NAC treated group (P<0.001*). There was significant increase in the mean overall survival duration (P=0.023*) in the 1 st 24 hrs. of intoxication with significant decrease in the mortality rate among NAC treated group (P=0.05*). Moreover, survival time before death was significantly prolonged among expired patients in NAC treated group (P<0.001*). Conclusions: The present study suggests that, early administration of high doses of NAC along with adequate supportive treatment may have a survival benefit over supportive treatment alone for the outcome in such highly fatal ALP poisoning.


Over the last decade the swift evolution of technology has introduced new ways to develop applications and learning environment. It has been argued that, using technology in education can broaden the horizon of students and help them thinking interactively. This paper aims to evaluate the usage of augmented reality in education, especially in general education schools of Saudi Arabia. In this study, some factors have been considered such as, students' type (i.e., primary, intermediate and secondary), the main courses that apply the AR technology, the possible effect of using it in SA education, and challenges of using AR in educational settings. The most reported motive of using AR in Saudi Arabia schools is improving the quality of education skills. Some noted challenges imposed by AR are usability issues and lack of technical support. Other several challenges and effects of AR usage are founded, which will be discussed in detail.


Using an analytical grid mixing international relations and public policy analysis, we assume in this paper that international organisations compete actively at the international level for the formulation of public policies. We enlighten the difficulties experienced by the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) both to exist and to be considered as legitimate in international arenas and debates on agricultural policies. Our main hypothesis to explain such difficulties is that the FAO makes a poor use of its cognitive resources and that its discursive production is weak. This hinders the FAO from adding value to international debates and from appearing as a legitimate discussion partner. In this paper, we propose three categories of explanatory variables for such a cognitive and discursive malfunctioning: (i) acting as an international bureaucracy, the FAO presents some specific organisational weaknesses (policy work organisation and coordination, cultural tensions and paradigmatic oppositions between units and departments, leadership and management problems); (ii) the FAO is subject to the political control of developed countries that are able to leverage budgetary pressure; (iii) no efficient measures have ever been taken to really include the civil society and peasant organisations in the FAO's policy works and thoughts. ...French Abstract : Dans un cadre analytique melant approche cognitive des politiques publiques et sociologie des relations internationales, ce texte pose l'existence d'une concurrence internationale pour l'influence sur la fabrication des politiques publiques a laquelle prennent pleinement part les organisations internationales. Il fait ensuite le constat des difficultes de la FAO, Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'Alimentation et l'Agriculture, a faire entendre sa voix dans les debats mondiaux sur les politiques agricoles. L'hypothese avancee pour expliquer ces difficultes renvoie a des defaillances dans l'emploi de ses ressources cognitives et dans la qualite de sa production discursive, qui empechent la FAO d'apporter une valeur ajoutee au debat international et d'apparaitre comme un interlocuteur legitime. Trois categories de facteurs explicatifs de ces dysfonctionnements et defaillances discursives, a priori paradoxales compte tenu de la specialisation de l'organisation, sont avancees : la premiere se refere au fonctionnement de la FAO comme bureaucratie internationale (organisation et coordination du travail en matiere de politique, sous-cultures professionnelles et tensions cognitives au sein de l'organisation, problemes de leadership et de management), la deuxieme explication reside dans le controle politique strict impose a la FAO par les pays developpes jouant, notamment, de leur pouvoir de pression budgetaire, et la troisieme a l'absence de dispositions efficaces visant a associer les organisations paysannes et la societe civile aux reflexions de l'organisation.


Discussion and analysis are made for the impact of sands depth on critical standard penetration hammer and discrimination of liquefaction, and then the formula of liquefaction discrimination is compared with Seed's simplified procedure. The results are consistent with the liquefaction principle that critical standard penetration hammer increases with the increasing of sands depth, and the validity of liquefaction discrimination formula can't be denied because of some extreme conditions.


Occasionally a single case is so unusual that publishing it seems justifiable. We feel that this is true of the following case, which is also to be referred to briefly in another paper. 1 A 35-year-old woman was admitted to St. Philip Hospital on June 7, 1957, complaining of pain in the lower part of the abdomen. According to the history given by her she had been beaten up by her "boyfriend," whom she thought used a piece of pipe, knocking her into semiconsciousness. She thought also that she had been struck in the vagina, because after the attack there was vaginal soreness and bleeding. She further stated that she had been kept a prisoner in her friend's quarters for three days and that he and some relatives had made an attempt to extract something from the vagina. Two weeks after the attack she was brought to the hospital with


The absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF) is a finite-element-based formulation developed for large deformation analysis in multibody applications. During the course of progress of the ANCF, a number of beam, plate and shell elements are introduced. Numerous different kinematic and strain energy definitions have been considered. However, the convergence behavior of ANCF-based beam elements has been investigated in the past primarily only with uniform mesh refinement. The objective of this paper is to study numerically the effects of different mesh refinement strategies within an Euler–Bernoulli beam-type problem solved with two-dimensional ANCF-based beam elements. To this end, h- and p-refinement meshing strategies are implemented for two-dimensional ANCF beam elements. The p-refinement is achieved by adding internal degrees of freedom to the elements. In addition, another p-refinement strategy is studied that employs higher-order derivatives as nodal coordinates. The rates of convergence for the different meshing strategies are calculated based on the known iteratively solved extensible elastica analytical solution. The numerical results indicate that the p-refinement strategy, with increasing number of higher-order derivatives at the element interfaces, in conjunction with h-refinement improves the rate of convergence. For the studied numerical example, this mesh strategy leads to better absolute error of displacement convergence than the uniform h-refinement or the p-refinement with internal nodes. The improvement in rate of convergence results from the use of higher-order derivatives that impose continuity to the bending and axial deformations across the elements, which may smooth the oscillations of bending and the axial strain fields.


Objective: To determine the ability of three questions from the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) to detect major depressive disorder (MDD) in a cohort of patients hospitalised for acute myocardial infarction (MI). Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: Coronary care unit and cardiac step-down unit of an urban academic medical centre. Patients: 131 post-MI patients within 72 h of symptom onset. Interventions: Patients were administered the BDI-II and participated in a structured diagnostic interview for MDD. Three individual BDI-II items (regarding sadness, loss of interest and loss of pleasure) were examined individually and in two-question combinations to determine their ability to screen for MDD. Main outcome measures: Sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values and proportion of patients with MDD correctly identified. Results: The individual items and two-question combinations had good sensitivity (76–94%), specificity (70–88%) and negative predictive values (97–99%). Item 1 (sadness) performed the best of the individual items (48% with a positive response to the item had MDD; 3% with a negative response had MDD; over 80% of patients with MDD were correctly identified). A combination of questions about sadness and loss of interest performed best among the two-question combinations (37% with positive response had MDD v 1% with a negative response; 94% of patients with MDD were identified). Conclusions: One to two questions regarding sadness and loss of interest serve as simple and effective screening tools for post-MI depression.


Coordinated and sustainable development of production-living-ecological space (PLES) is directly related to the global energy security and quality of life in coal areas. However, the current surface subsidence control methods have some problems, such as low resource recovery rate, high cost, insufficient materials, which are difficult to meet the requirements for the PLES sustainable development in coal areas. Under this background, based on characteristics of surface subsidence and deformation due to sub-critical extraction, the large protection area, and high deformation tolerance in PLES of mining areas, the new method of regional mining subsidence control was proposed, with the combination of source control and ground rehabilitation. The effectiveness of the method was verified by numerical simulation results and practical applications, and the application principles and implementation methods were proposed. The research results could provide technical support for the sustainable development of coal areas in major coal producing countries of the world.


Isolation of germ-layers, isolation of the foetal eye, lacrimal gland, organ culture ex vivo and transplantation under the kidney capsule are described.


Objective To investigate the quality of life(QOL) and its influencing factors in military personnel in Tibet.Methods 490 military personnel in Tibet were assessed with WHO Quality of Life-BREF and self-made questionnaire of influencing factors.Results Scores in all domains of QOL of the subjects were 64.50±13.91,59.25±15.11,59.64±17.82,49.42±15.23 respectively,and the score in environmental domain lower than average.Level(50)was lowest;General evaluation of QOL and health condition were most at the common or better level.There were significant difference in scores of one or more domains of QOL in military personnel with different zone,times of entered Tibet,individual identity,marriage state(P0.05);Most domains of QOL were significantly correlated(P0.05) with factors such as age,time of service and entering Tibet,economic condition,employment in the future,work intensity,touch with outside world,relation with family,affiliation with opposite sex,and at a=0.05 level,except for the factor of age,other factors were all entered multiple regression equation.Conclusion The QOL in military personnel in Tibet should be improved,especially in the environmental domain.The QOL was influenced by sociological factors such as zone,times of entered Tibet,individual identity,marriage state,economic condition,employment in the future,work intensity,touch with outside world,relation with family,affiliation with opposite sex,and so on.


Electricity Systems modelling is one of the emerging area in the Global Energy policy studies recently. System Dynamics approach and Computer Simulation has become one the common methods used in energy systems planning and evaluation in many conditions. On the other hand, Indonesia experiencing several major issues in Electricity system such as fossil fuel domination, demand – supply imbalances, distribution inefficiency, and bio-devastation. This paper aims to explain the development of System Dynamics modelling approaches and computer simulation techniques in representing and predicting electricity demand in Indonesia. In addition, this paper also described the typical characteristics and relationship of commercial business sector, industrial sector, and family / domestic sector as electricity subsystems in Indonesia. Moreover, it will be also present direct structure, behavioural, and statistical test as model validation approach and ended by conclusions.


The problem of reconstructing smooth surfaces from discrete scattered sample points arises in many fields of science and engineering and the data sources include measured values (laser range scanning, meteorology, geology) as well as experimental results (engineering, physics, chemistry) and computational values (evaluation of functions, finite element solutions, numerical simulations). We describe a processing pipeline that can be understood as gradually adding order to a given unstructured point cloud until it is completely organized in terms of a smooth surface. The individual steps of this pipeline are triangulation, remeshing, and surface fitting and have in common that they are much simpler to perform in two dimensions than in three. We therefore propose to use a parameterization in each of these steps so as to decrease the dimensionality of the problem and to reduce the computational complexity. CR Descriptors: I.3.5 [Computer Graphics]: Computational Geometry and Object Modeling; J.6 [Computer-Aided Engineering]: Computer-Aided Design (CAD); G.1.2 [Approximation]: Approximation of surfaces and contours


Excerpt Are oral contraceptive hormones potentially harmful? The question, important enough itself, is related to the greater problem of proving the safety of any widely used drug or treatment. The...


Introduction Accurate mapping of tissue water content, M0, with high spatial resolution and short experimental times is technically challenging. One efficient method for obtaining simultaneous M0 and T1-maps is based on acquiring two spoiled gradient recalled echo (SPGR) images in steady states with variable flip angles. Linear parameterization is used to simultaneously estimate the T1 and M0 values (1,2). The two optimal flip angles for best T1maps (i.e., maximum SNR) were previously found both numerically (1) and analytically (2). Here, we demonstrate that these flip angles, however, are not optimal for best M0-mapping. Therefore, we analytically derive the optimal flip angles for SNR-optimized M0-maps and verify the result in eight healthy subjects. Accurate M0-maps with 1 mm isotropic and full brain coverage were achieved in a clinically acceptable time (6:30 min).


VER SINCE THE PIONEERING EFFORTS OF HENRY GREEN over a century L ago, emblem-spotting has proven an irresistible challenge to students of As You Like It. Green plausibly associated the description of the wounded stag (II.i.29-43) with the commonplace of "Incurable Love";' he went on, more tenuously, to relate Duke Senior's theatre-of-the-world metaphor (II. vii. 136-39) to an emblem, "Human life is a Theatre of all Miseries" from Boissard's Theatrum Vitae Humanae, and Jaques' effort to populate that theatre with seven ages to a woodblock print, "Rota vite que septima notatum."2 Act II, scene vii is particularly rich in its iconic clusterings, as more recent commentators have continued to demonstrate. Harry Morris, without specifying particular visual sources, relates Touchstone's meditation upon his "dial" to the memento mori tradition and, thereby, to the "Et in Arcadia Ego" function of pastoral.3 The substance of the fool's meditation might as easily be connected to emblematic sources; and it is a tempting coincidence that in Whitney's Choice of Emblemes (1586) we find both "Praecocia non diuturna," a proposition illustrated by "The fruicte that soonest ripes, doth soonest fade awaie," and an emblem defining the purpose of the touchstone.4 Jaques' pessimistic declension of the ages culminates in a final scene of "second childishness, and


Background

In 21st century, overweight and obesity among children became growing public health problem. Body mass index (BMI) is a measure used to determine childhood overweight and obesity. In children and adolescent, the healthy range for BMI varies based on age and gender. The aim of this study was to compare Croatian body mass index (BMI) percentiles for school-aged …


The northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) is characterized by extended terrestrial fasting periods corresponding to breeding, lactation, moulting and post-weaning. During the post-weaning fast, pups mobilize primarily lipids from their large adipose tissue stores, to prevent protein catabolism and extend the developmental fast. In order to study the fatty acids (FAs) composition of different compartments throughout this period, serum samples and biopsies extending the full depth of the blubber layer were longitudinally obtained from 22 pups captured at 1-, 4-, 7- and 10-week post-weaning. Inner and outer blubber layers were analysed separately. Medium-chain monounsaturated FAs ( 1% by mass) represented more than 95% of the measured FAs in the 3 targeted compartments, the 2 main FAs being 18:1n-9 and 16:0. SFA and ω-3 PUFA were particularly well mobilized from inner blubber throughout the fast, followed by MC-MUFA and ω-6 PUFA. On the contrary, long-chain monounsaturated FAs (≥ 20C) tended to be conserved within the blubber. FAs with a high fractional mobilization are 20:5n-3, 16:0 and 16:1n-7. Their proportions decreased within inner blubber between early and late fast. On the contrary, the proportion of 20:1n-9 rose in inner blubber between early and late fast, as a result of its low mobilization rate from this compartment. The kinetics of FA mobilization were similar to that observed in other phocids as well as terrestrial mammals.


The study was carried out to appraise the level of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) competencies possessed by OTM educators for effective training of self-reliance skills in Polytechnics in Kogi State with a view to finding out the specific skill areas in which competencies are lacking. Six specific objectives and six research questions were raised to guide the study. The study employed the descriptive research design. The population for the study consisted of all the OTM educators at the Federal Polytechnic, Idah and Kogi State Polytechnic, Lokoja. There was no sampling as the population was manageable. A 73-item, 4-point rating scale questionnaire titled: Appraisal of the Level of Information and Communication Technology Competencies Possessed by Office Technology and Management Educators for Effective Training of Self-Reliance Skills in Kogi State (ALICTPOTMEETSS) was used to obtain data from respondents. The findings indicated that OTM educators possessed high competencies in Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel and Microsoft PowerPoint; however, they recorded low competencies in Microsoft Access, Microsoft Publisher and Internet skills. The study concluded that these levels of competencies possessed have great implications for the self-reliance of OTM students as it justifies the opinion of a number of researchers that lack of competency in office applications has limited the effective impartation of Microsoft office skills. The study therefore recommended amongst others that OTM educators should be trained and retrained in Microsoft Access, Microsoft Publisher and internet skills for effective training and quality instructional deliveries.


ABSTRACT Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by recurrent and ritualized acts that often have no social behavioral function. These behaviors commonly co-occur with anxiety. We used a mild punisher to suppress compulsive behaviors in a 16-year-old male diagnosed with OCD. We paired a "hands down" instruction with red paper and systematically reduced paper size and added a red wristband while continuing to reduce paper size. Conditioned suppression by the wristband was then generalized to a novel setting and staff.


An automation environment is presented that can be used to support permanently the entire life cycle of a complex production system from the planning and projecting phase up to the runtime of the plant. The uniform and consistent data structure of Petri nets allow their application for modeling, simulation, control, and diagnosis. An important condition is the combination of transitions with a time component. The capability of a neutral structure of Petri nets as well as a comfortable graphical interactive user surface make tools developed within the project suitable for a large number of applications in manufacturing.<<ETX>>


In order to convert epoxy resins to hard, infusible thermoset networks it is necessary to use crosslinking agents. These cross linkers , hardeners or curing agents as they are widely known, promote cross-linking or curing of epoxy resins. Curing can occur by either homopolymerisation initiated by a catalytic curing agent or a polyaddition/copolymerisation reaction with a multifunctional curing agent. Specific curing mechanisms will be detailed within the ensuing sections. Following publication of the first patents describing cure of epoxy resins and the subsequent commercialisation, the choice of curing agents and catalysts has multiplied. Originally only a relatively few types were known and these included simple amines, acid anhydrides, phenol-formaldehyde and amino-formaldehyde resins. Nowadays there is an extended selection available and there are two reasons for the growth. Firstly, as alternative types of epoxy resin were developed so was the potential for other organic chemicals to function as curing agents recognised. This led to the introduction of polyfunctional amines, polybasic carboxylic acids, mercaptans and even inorganic chemicals: hence the diversity of product types, as previously described by Mika and Bauer (1973), which have been


From the last century of the 50's, the study for Liaoning dialect has pasted more than six decades, in the meantime, there are many certain study results in voice, vocabulary, grammar. Based on reality, look to the future, there are still many problems in Liaoning dialect to be done for further study.


Evaluation of reflection effects on semiconductor laser transmitters is complicated by multipath interference, which causes degradations in bit-error-rate and is independent of laser isolation. We have constructed a variable back-reflector utilising optical fibre up-tapers, which eliminates multipath interference effects by reducing spurious reflection levels to below −50dB. Reflection levels of −50dB to −16.5dB into the laser cavity are possible. Results of measurements of reflection effects on several multilongitudinal mode 1.3μm lasers operating at 1.7Gbit/s are shown.


Higher education and community partnerships have transitioned from casual relationships to more of a mandate with the advancements in technology and globalization. The result of this large-scale change has led to an increase in these efforts, but the relationships are still emerging. Using survey research and the human resource development (HRD) perspective, we explore higher education and community partnerships, assesses their challenges, and discusses potential contributions of such partnerships in community development. This article contributes to our understanding of how these partnerships interact and what strategies the field of HRD may offer to advance such collaborative efforts.


7520Background: Current treatment options for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are diverse, including intensive chemotherapy (IC), low intensity therapy, best supportive care (BSC), and hospice care. D...


Sixty rats divided among ten groups of equal average weight were offered for 28 days five different diets, all equivalent except for the proteins, casein (diet C) or zein (diet Z), and supple- mented amino acids missing in zein: lysine (diet ZL), tryptophan (diet ZT), and both (diet ZLT). On day 7 one group on each diet was infected with three cysticercoids of Hymenolepis diminuta per rat; 21 days later infected rats were killed and tapeworms and certain host materials, taken from nine other rats fed on diets C, Z, or ZL for 28 days, were processed for chemical analyses. Physical data for tapeworms, such as point of attachment, length, and wet weight, were recorded. Weight changes of infected and noninfected rats on each diet were similar. Rats on diet C gained steadily, on diet Z lost steadily, on diets ZL and ZT losses were less, and on diet ZLT after 12 days gains above initial weight commenced, but at a slower rate. Worms from rats on all four zein diets were longer and of greater biomass than from diet C hosts. Homogenized worms, intestinal mucosae, walls and con- tents, and feces were freeze-dried and hydrolyzed in evacuated and sealed ampules in 6 N HC1 at 110 C for nitrogen and amino acid determinations. Nitrogen values were equivalent in diets C and Z, in tapeworms from all rats, and in the intestinal mucosae and walls. Percentages of amino acids determined by ion exchange chromatography were equivalent in worms, diets C and Z, and intestinal walls from rats on all five diets. Zein-fed hosts had greater percentages of N and amino acids in intestinal contents and feces than in diet C rats.


FKBP52 is a widely expressed FK506-binding immunophilin that possesses peptidylprolyl isomerase activity and a tetratricopeptide repeat involved in protein–protein interaction. FKBP52 plays an important role in steroid receptor function and is implicated in other diverse processes, including regulation of transcription, cation channel activity, and gene transfer efficiency. Reported here is the genomic organization of the human FKBP52 gene ( FKBP4), which shares all but one of the same exon–intron boundaries as the structurally related immunophilin FKBP51 gene ( FKBP5). Approximately 3.5 kb of 5 -flanking DNA ofFKBP4 was subcloned into a luciferase reporter vector and was found to exhibit robust activity in T-47D, MCF7, and COS-7 cells. Promoter constructs with only 143 bp of upstream sequence maintained high activity. This region contains a CAAT motif sequence and consensus binding sites for Sp1, heat-shock factor, and MYC-MAX, which are conserved in the rabbit FKBP4 promoter and, when deleted, dramatically reduced promoter activity in T-47D cells. © 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.


Assist in the daily administration of the office. Must possess exemplary interpersonal skills and be able to interact with the IT team in addition to staff and management throughout the University. An attention to detail, focused student with a positive attitude and good Customer Service skills is required. Proficiency with Microsoft Word and Excel and PowerPoint is also required.


When repetitive high frequency patterns appear in the view of a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera, annoying low frequency Moire patterns are often observed. This paper demonstrates that such Moire pattern can useful in measuring surface deformation and displacement. What is required, in our case, is that the surface in question is textured with appropriately aligned black and white line gratings and this surface is imaged using a grey scaled CCD camera. The characteristics of the observed Moire patterns are described along with a spatial domain model-fitting algorithm that is able to extract a dense camera-to-surface displacement measures. The experimental results discuss the reconstruction of planar incline and curved surfaces using only a coarse 33 lines per inch line grating patterns printed from a 600 dpi printer.


Veterinary Pharmaceuticals (VPs) are used world-wide to cure or prevent illness of animals, and increasingly investigated in view of emissions into the environment. It is known that environmental routes of VPs are complex while transport rates and persistence are not yet well established. Our investigation focuses on the route till application of VPs in (liquid) manure to soil. To characterize this for the Netherlands, we investigated national usage of 4 livestock sectors (dairy cow, veal calf, sow and fattening pig), as well as animal excretion rates prior and degradation during slurry manure storage. This has been done for 12 antibiotics, 4 antiparasitic drugs and one hormone. An inventory of data bases and taking into account data reliability, revealed for almost all substances a reduction of quantities administrated to the animals during the period 2015-2018. Literature review on excretion rates identified that there is still insufficient information, despite that those rates directly influence the VP portions in the environment. Our developed storage model showed that VPs concentrations during a period of 6 months could reduce by a factor as large as 60 and that the fractions present in that manure are highly dependent on animal type, quantity of produced manure and substance degradation rates. At the same time, our predicted after-storage concentrations were found to be comparable with the reported measurements available for some parts of the Netherlands. Considering that similar manure types are applied on arable lands and grasslands in considerable quantities in many other countries, our approach and results may represent a good foundation for further research on the environmental fate of VPs.


Current hardware design practice often relies on integration of components, some of which may be IP or legacy blocks. While integration eases design by allowing modularization and component reuse, it is still done in a mostly ad hoc manner. Designers work with descriptions of components that are either informal or incomplete (e.g., documents in English, structural but non-behavioral specifications in IP-XACT) or too low-level (e.g., HDL code), and have little to no automatic support for stitching the components together. Providing such support is the glue design problem. This paper addresses this problem using a model-based approach. The key idea is to use high-level models, such as dataflow graphs, that enable efficient automated analysis. The analysis can be used to derive performance properties of the system (e.g., component compatibility, throughput, etc.), optimize resource usage (e.g., buffer sizes), and even synthesize low-level code (e.g., control logic). However, these models are only abstractions of the real system, and often omit critical information. As a result, the analysis outcomes may be defensive (e.g., buffers that are too big) or even incorrect (e.g., buffers that are too small). The paper examines these situations and proposes a correct and non-defensive design methodology that employs the right models to explore accurate performance and resource trade-offs.


ABSTRACT: A song it is said to become popular if is known and loved almost throughout the world. Each song has different meanings and intentions, according to the purpose of the author. Kana Nishino is popular Japanese musician who create many hit songs in Japan. One of her songs which is she created "Best Friend" about friendship become popular song. That is the basis of the writer to research, analyze, and prove whether "Best Friend" has eight characteristics of friendship according to De Vito's theory. The author uses a descriptive method by examining the lyrics of "Best Friend" as well as the meaning of friendship. From this research indicate that the friendship shown in the song lyrics of Kana Nishino "Best Friend" has eight characteristics of friendship according to De Vito's theory.


Voice synthesis uses a voice model to synthesize arbitrary phrases. Advances in voice synthesis have made it possible to create an accurate voice model of a targeted individual, which can then in turn be used to generate spoofed audio in his or her voice. Generating an accurate voice model of target's voice requires the availability of a corpus of the target's speech. This paper makes the observation that the increasing popularity of voice interfaces that use cloud-backed speech recognition (e.g., Siri, Google Assistant, Amazon Alexa) increases the public's vulnerability to voice synthesis attacks. That is, our growing dependence on voice interfaces fosters the collection of our voices. As our main contribution, we show that voice recognition and voice accumulation (that is, the accumulation of users' voices) are separable. This paper introduces techniques for locally sanitizing voice inputs before they are transmitted to the cloud for processing. In essence, such methods employ audio processing techniques to remove distinctive voice characteristics, leaving only the information that is necessary for the cloud-based services to perform speech recognition. Our preliminary experiments show that our defenses prevent state-of-the-art voice synthesis techniques from constructing convincing forgeries of a user's speech, while still permitting accurate voice recognition.


Apolipoprotein
 A5 is a protein produced by the liver. Its concentration in plasma is minimal
 but it has a great impact on plasma triglyceride levels. The mechanism by
 which apoA5 influences plasma triglycerides is not
 yet fully elucidated. Studies in vitro and in vivo have demonstrated that
 apoA5 activates proteoglycan-bound lipoprotein
 lipase. Contributing thereby to the hydrolysis of trigylcerides
 and chylomikrons and faciliating
 the release of fatty acids. Aim of this study was to investigate the
 influence of apoA5 on the fatty acid composition in plasma and various organs
 on a normal and on a high fat diet. Since elevated free fatty acid levels
 foster insulin resistance we also determined glucose tolerance and insulin
 sensitivity in the mice on high fat diet. Three different groups of mice
 (apoA5 wildtype, apoA5 transgene,
 apoA5 knockout) were fed with standard chow while four groups of mice (apoA4 wildtype, apoA5 transgene,
 apoA5 heterozygous knockout, apoA5 homozygous knockout) received for 12 weeks
 a high fat diet. For both the mice on normal chow and the mice on high fat
 diet there was made a lipoprotein profile and a gaschromatographic
 analysis of free fatty acid compositions in various organs. In addition to the the
 overall fatty acid concentrations in the organs the fatty acids of the
 delta-9-desaturase-pathway as well as the omega-6- and omega-3 fatty acids
 were examined. Differences in single fatty acids were found especially between the
 knockout and the wildtype mice. These differences
 indicate induction or decrease of enzymatic activities or shifting in lipid
 classes. The overall fatty acid content in plasma of the knockout mice on
 standard chow was significantly higher compared to wildtype
 mice whereas the contents in epidiymal fat and in
 muscle were lower. Interestingly there were no differences in subcutaneous
 fat between the groups. For fatty acids of the delta-9-desaturase pathway and
 the omega-6 and the omega 3 fatty acids significant differences were found in
 single fatty acids between the knockout and the wildtype
 mice.
 In the organs of the mice on high
 fat diet the fatty acid composition was similar to that of the mice on
 standard chow. Partially the differences were less distinct. That could be
 assigned to an unmasking effect of the high fat diet.
 Unexpectedly the results of the
 oral glucose tolerance test and the insulin and HOMA-data showed a much
 better glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity of the knockout mice
 compared to the wildtype.
 In summary, an impact of apoA5 on the fatty
 acid contents can be supposed. Further investigations are necessary to
 elucidate the mechanisms underlying the different fatty acid contents in the
 organs. An improved insulin sensitivity of homozygous knockout mice compared
 to wildtype mice has been demonstrated.


In this work, the effect of superplasticizer type and dosage on early-age shrinkage of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and rice husk ash paste (RHA) was investigated. The OPC and RHA pastes with a water/binder materials ratio (W/B) by weight of 0.22 and various dosages of polycarboxylate ether-based superplasticizers (PCE) and sulphonated naphthalene formaldehyde condensates (SNF) were investigated. RHA was partially substituted of 0%, 10% and 20 % by weight of OPC. Volumetric shrinkages of the pastes at the first 72 hours of hydration have been found to range from 0.28 to 12.26 mm3/g and from 0.20 to 9.04 mm3/g of binder materials for SNF-based and PCE-based superplasticizers, respectively. The PCE-based superplasticizer can decrease an increase in shrinkage of the OPC and RHA pastes higher than those of containing the SNF-based superplasticizer.


Since the end of the Cold War, donors have come to realise that when security sectors operate autonomously, with scant regard for the rule of law, democratic principles, and sound management practices, sustainable, poverty-reducing development is extremely di?cult, if not impossible, to achieve. Because of the substantial ?nancial resources and technical expertise at their disposal, there is a growing expectation that the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund will play an important part in supporting improved security-sector governance. These organisations have, however, long taken the position that, because of restrictions on political activities in their Articles of Agreement, their involvement in issues pertaining to the security sector must be limited. This article suggests that a governance approach to the security sector is well within the mandate of both organisations. And it is necessary for the Bank and the Fund to address the quality of security-sector governance if they are to be e?ective in carrying out two of their core functions: reforming public institutions and strengthening governance.


This article addresses popular culture and the humanities. It uses shoes as an object of analysis to interrogate the place and function of aesthetic pleasure in critical thinking and cultural practice in the age of globalization and the neoliberal university. Tracking contemporary articulations of the shoe as a popular cultural object, the discussion begins by recalibrating Judith Halberstam's concept of the "queer art of failure" in terms of what I call an oblique art of shoes. The discussion also revisits Fredric Jameson's footwear musings in Postmodernism, or the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism to elucidate a missing link between aesthetics, affect, and materiality in the critique of popular culture. The article accordingly works with obliqueness in two ways. First, my approach is oblique in the sense that I address popular culture and the humanities indirectly via the aesthetics and materiality of the shoe. Second, like many popular objects, I find shoes themselves to have an oblique relationship with art and so-called high culture. My argument – developed in relation to examples from visual art, museum exhibitions, urban space, and advertising billboards – is that analyzing the oblique art of shoes can make newly visible the extent to which aesthetic pleasure can inform, and sometimes even constitute, critical practice.


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The seasonal reproductive cycles of the brush mouse (Peromyscus boylii) and the white-footed mouse (P. leucopus) were studied for 1Y2 years in southern Missouri. Breeding activity of female brush mice occurred primarily during two periods; February-April and September-November, in 1961 and 1962. Lows in reproduction occurred in the summer and winter. Female white-footed mice followed a similar pattern in 1961, but breeding continued through the midsummer period of 1962. For P. boylii the average number of corpora lutea per ovulation was 3.40?+ 0.42; the mean number of embryos, 3.39?0.81; and placental scars averaged 3.28=?0.35. For P. leucopus the average number of corpora lutea. per ovulation was 4.46?1.24; the mean number of embryos, 3.74?+ 0.51; and placental scars averaged 4.32?0.97. Differences in litter size correlated to parent body length (age) or to the time of pregnancy during the reproductive season could not be demonstrated. Embryonic loss during gestation averaged between 5-10% of ova ovulated in both species. Total litter resorption was not observed. Differences in prenatal loss could not be correlated with body length (age) or with the time of pregnancy during the reproductive season. Transmigration of embryos from one uterine horn to the other was a common phenomenon in these Peromyscus. Synchrony of females in the occurrence of first pregnancy was observed at the onset of the breeding season in August, 1961, for P. boylii. A marked biannual testicular cycle occurred in adult P. boylii, demonstrated by the criteria of testis weight and length, seminal vesicle length, and testis histology. The spring peak occurred in February or March and the fall peak occurred in October during 1961 and 1962. Greatest sexual decline was recorded in June and December of these years. Use of the same criteria on adult P. leucopus revealed peak seasonal activity of the male reproductive tract in March and September, and lows in June and October of 1961. During the summer of 1962 full regression of testes did not occur and spermatogenesis returned to high levels by June. Regressi9n of testicular activity or resumption of spermatogenesis was not synchronous in males of either species; some lagged behind or preceded others by a month or more. The biannual nature of reproductive cycles of the brush mouse and white-footed mouse in Missouri cannot be explained satisfactorily on the basis of photoperiodism, environmental temperatures, or precipitation, although all three are probably of some. importance. For twelve litters of brush mice born in captivity the mean litter size was 2.80?0.41. A single nonlactating gestation period of 23 days was recorded, and the length of lactating gestation ranged from 26-32 days. The earliest age recorded for the appearance of spermatozoa in the testes of known-age P. boylii was 60 days. Studies of the reproductive cycles of several species of Peromyscus in California by Jameson (1953) and McCabe and Blanchard (1950) revealed one reproductive season from spring to fall followed by cessation of breeding during the winter months. In Florida, however, Pournelle (1952) recorded the greatest intensity of breeding for Peromyscus gossypinus in the winter months and little breeding during the summer. In the central United States no thorough study of 1 Present address: Department of Zoology, University of Wyoming, Laramie.


Cultural Heritage Tourism uses the remains of the history in which the traveler is interested. Cultural Heritage Tourism has positive and negative impact on social-cultural, physical and economic aspects of Indian Society. Ajanta Caves in India which is a world heritage site and caves of Buddhist affiliation have been carved in Deccan basalt. From a social-cultural perspective tourism affects cultural resources through changes in forms and functions of traditional artworks, commodification of living culture, crowded condition and community members. Tourist activities exact physical impacts on precious heritage in form of vandalism, wear, tear and pollutions. On a more positive note, tourism from the increasing number of people, helps in creating jobs and taxes and stimulates entrepreneurialism in heritage destinations. This study recognizes the impacts of Cultural Heritage Tourism at Ajanta Caves and its surrounding regions in western India. For this research project, primary data is collected through observation and interviews of local community members, visitors, agents and officers of tourism department and secondary data is obtained from books, journals, survey reports, and publication of the government.


PURPOSE: To change the expression method of a game image and to improve a game property. CONSTITUTION: This video game device 11 is a game machine in which a character selected by the player attacks a target and acquires an item while flying in the air. During a game, when the character displayed at a display part 13 reaches an operation limit position, the entire display image vibrates and reports that and the lock-on number of the target is changed corresponding to the level of a lock-on meter. Also, for a rolling operation, in the case that a displayed view point is an objective position, only the character is rolled. The target is changed to the item such as a coin or gold bullion at the time of being attacked and the item is moved toward the course of the character. Also, in the case that the character attacks by using a sword, a flash is radiated from the entire periphery of a cut end.


Aster jiangkouensis (Asteraceae), a new species from karst areas of southwestern Wuling Mountain, Guizhou province, China, is described and illustrated. It is most similar to A. huangpingensis, but differs from the latter in having inconspicuously triplinerved leaves, ovate to oblong-lanceolate leaf blades, cylindric-campanulate involucre. A line drawing, photographic image and preliminary conservation status of the new species are provided.


The number of plants produced in horticultural substrates has increased over the last decade. These substrates are to have some physicochemical and phytosanitary characteristics that allow for optimal growth. Rhizoctonia solani JG Kühn is one of the root and hypocotyl diseases that frequently develops in seedbeds causing severe economic losses worldwide. The aim of this work was to evaluate the substrates and additives used in bean plantlets and the R. solani disease severity. The use of vermiculite or peat did not affect bean germination percentage, but peat promoted the development of the aerial part and vermiculite improved the growth of the root system. R. solani reduced bean germination percentage and bean growth in both peat and vermiculite. The presence of additives (bentonite and/or cornmeal) in the substrates (vermiculite or peat) reduced bean germination and development, favouring the severity of R. solani. However, the addition of cornmeal improves bean dry weight of the aerial part. So, whenever it is necessary to add additives to the substrates to improve the installation and development of a biocontrol agent, such as Trichoderma harzianum, the mix of peat and cornmeal would improve the development of both bean and biocontrol agent.


Rectus sheath hematoma is an uncommon cause of acute abdominal pain. We report three cases of rectus sheath hematoma presenting with tender lump in lower abdomen following history of trauma or exercise. Ultrasonography confirmed the diagnosis in two and the third one required Computerised Tomography. Two patients were managed conservatively whereas one required surgical evacuation of hematoma


A variety of computing concepts that involve a large number of computers connected through a Real-time communication network such as the Internet. . In this paper, an improved community aware scheduling algorithm is proposed in which the resources are utilized effectively by minimizing the execution time. A task scheduling model is established for reducing the system power consumption of cloud computing and to improve the profit of service providers Keywords—: Cloud computing, resource


Convention center is essential to the development of meetings industry.This study is focused on how to improve service quality of convention center and increase the exhibitors' satisfaction.Importance-Performance Theory(IPA) was applied in the study,ChongQing International Convention﹠Exhibition Center(CQCE) was taken as a case,a structured questionnaire to exhibitor was developed,which based on literature review and the focus group findings.A series of analysis methods were conducted to find out if there were any statistically significant differences between or among responds to the tangible products and intangible service provided by convention center,and to evaluate the importance and satisfaction of convention facilities and services,the study shows that the level of satisfaction is obviously less than the level of importance at CQCE,at last the suggestion of improving service quality is to improve facilities,catering service,management of staff and engaging in propaganda.


Purpose: To report a case of late opacification of a hydrophilic acrylic monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) with a hydrophobic surface (CT SPHERIS 204) after a second vitrectomy in a patient with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Case summary: A 50-year-old male with diabetes presented with decreased visual acuity in the right eye. He had undergone phacoemulsification and IOL (CT SPHERIS 204) implantation, vitrectomy, endolaser photocoagulation, and intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) injection due to vitreous hemorrhage in the right eye about 43 months prior. Four months after the surgery, presenting with recurrent vitreous hemorrhage and neovascularization of the angle, he underwent partial vitrectomy and intravitreal and intracameral bevacizumab (Avastin) injection. The best-corrected visual acuity was 0.1 in the right eye when he presented with decreased visual acuity. Slit lamp examination of the right eye showed diffuse whitish granular opacity on the surface of the IOL. The IOL was explanted, together with the capsular bag, and examined using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Conclusions: This case is the first to report late opacification of a hydrophilic, acrylic monofocal IOL with a hydrophobic surface, the CT SPHERIS 204. It is necessary to be cautious in using this type of lens in patients with diabetic retinopathy. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2020;61(10):1225-1229


Since renin was discovered by Robert Tigerstedt more than a century ago, interest in the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) remains stronger than ever [1]. Tigerstedt injected saline extracts prepared from a rabbit kidney into other rabbits and observed marked increases in arterial blood pressure, which led to the hypothesis that the kidney might release an endocrine substance to control systemic blood pressure [1]. This pressor substance was named renin by Tigerstedt. It was Harry Goldblatt who confirmed and extended Tigerstedt's discovery of the RAS in his legendary studies on two-kidney, one-clip renal hypertension in 1934 [2]. For several decades, angiotensin II was known as an endocrine peptide that is formed by the actions of kidney-derived renin and lung-derived angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and causes systemic hypertension. The RAS is now well recognized as a dual vasoactive system, acting as both a circulating endocrine system and a local tissue paracrine/autocrine system [3,4]. Re further defined intracrine angiotensin II as the effector peptide that is either synthesized within a cell via interactions of renin, angiotensinogen and ACE or internalized from extracellular angiotensin II [5]. Most or all major components of the RAS cascade, including angiotensinogen, renin, ACE and angiotensin II receptors (AT1 or AT2), have been demonstrated in the heart, adrenal glands, brain and blood vessels [6,7]. Renin, the rate-limiting enzyme in the cascade, acts on the hepatocyte-synthesized substrate angiotensinogen to form angiotensin I, which is converted to angiotensin II by ACE. Angiotensin II is further metabolized by aminopeptidases into the active fragments angiotensin III and/or angiotensin IV. The principal effector molecule of the RAS cascade is angiotensin II, although other angiotensin fragments such as angiotensin III, angiotensin 1–7 and angiotensin IV have been shown to be biologically active [6]. The presence of renin, angiotensinogen and ACE in many tissues makes local formation of angiotensin II possible, whereas expression of angiotensin II receptors is essential for angiotensin II to induce biological effects at target sites. Two major classes of angiotensin II receptors are expressed in the heart, kidney, brain, adrenals and blood vessels, AT1 and AT2 [6,7]. AT1 is a G protein-coupled receptor belonging to the superfamily of seven transmembrane-spanning proteins. Two subtypes of AT1, designated AT1A and AT1B, have been identified in rodents, but the former is the predominant isoform in the kidney, blood vessels, and heart [6]. Although the pressor effect of angiotensin II is historically considered its primary action, it also stimulates aldosterone synthesis, promotes body salt and fluid retention, and induces cellular growth and proliferation in cardiovascular and renal tissues [4,6]. Most of the known actions of angiotensin II are mediated by the AT1 receptor, which is coupled to multiple signaling pathways, including phospholipase C, D, and A2 signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and tyrosine kinase. Activation of AT1 leads to phosphoinositide hydrolysis, mobilization of intracellular calcium, and inhibition of adenylate cyclase [6–8].


Protests in September 2004 in the Free State town of Harrismith over the lack of service delivery by corrupt officials (taking their cue, perhaps from the corrupt fatcat Members of Parliament implicated in the R17-million travel scandal?) saw the cops open fire on the demonstrators, killing Teboho Mkhonza, a 17-year-old youth. This murder sparked a series of anti-municipal riots in townships right across the Free State, the latest being in Phomolong in early April. It is important to note that in none of these uprisings have the radical social movements been present as instigators, which suggests that a new layer of the pissed-off poor is emerging. But the social movements need to engage with this layer to ensure coherence and continuity. We need to assist this layer, so that it does not burn itself out like its burning barricades, but so that we can spread our struggles for liberation like a bush-fire across the region. We need to build a new confidence in horizontally-organised selfmanaged working class resistance.


Pancreatic tumors often represent primary neoplasms, however organ involvement with metastatic disease can occur. The use of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) to determine the underlying pathology provides guidance of clinical management.


The paper shows investigations of relationship between the length of approach sections of level crossing safety installation and braking distances of trains. It is established that the existing methods of calculating approach sections of automatic level crossing safety installation don't guarantee, if necessary, a full stop of a train by braking before a crossing after it's closure. The authors have formulated a condition when a train can be stopped before a closed crossing occupied by a motor vehicle. They have also carried out a verification of the existing automatic level crossing safety installation systems and established that such systems don't comply the formulated condition, so the full stop of a train is not guaranteed. So, the authors have proposed measures on developing an algorithm of automatic level crossing safety installation operation for the control of automatic stop of a train before a crossing occupied by a motor vehicle. It is shown that the development of engineering is on a level sufficient for realization of this suggestions.


ABSTRACT In 2008 Joe Calzaghe (from Wales) fought Bernard Hopkins (from the USA) in a light-heavyweight boxing match. Prior to the fight Hopkins had taunted Calzaghe with the refrain that he would never lose to a white boy. This paper assesses the interplay of discourses surrounding race and nation in the build-up to the contest between the two boxers. The analysis highlights how simplistic binaries are used to perpetuate notions of difference and considers how this accentuates divides in contested racial and national terrains.


Self-assembly of a 1,2-diol appended naphthalene diimide derivative featuring chiral and J-type aggregation is reported. In MCH/CHCl3, the compound exhibited intense yellow excimer and thermoreversible "sol–gel" behavior. Morphological and circular dichroism studies revealed long range M-helical nanofibre formation. A theoretical model of the cooperative hydrogen bonding was also proposed.


Thirteen specimens were tested out of which nine were for creep of sealed concrete and four for shrinkage test,for a period of 700 d under controlled temperature condition.The experimental results for creep and shrinkage were compared with creep and shrinkage computation model B3 and distinct discrepancies between observed and calculated creep and shrinkage strains were observed.Based on regression analysis,modification on B3 model has been formulated which will be applicable at least for concrete of characteristics strength of C40 and C50 with additives.Besides,on the basis of observation on identical specimens with varied stress strength ratio,a function is generated which accounts effect of stress strength ratio on creep.Finally,Civil Engineering community is suggested not to follow the creep prediction models without correction at least for modern concrete,as they do not account the effect of additives on its compliance function.


The spatial distribution of the oxidation state for the nickel species in the LiNiO2 cathode was analyzed by means of the in-situ XAFS imaging technique during the charging and discharging processes. The inhomogeneous reaction for the LiNiO2 cathode was observed under the operating condition. The pattern in the 2-dimensional map of the oxidation state of the active material in the discharging process was similar to that in the charging process. It means that the areas preceding the discharging reaction agree with the areas delaying the charging reaction. It was suggested that the diffusion of Li+ was restricted by the surface product of the LiNiO2 electrode, and the concentration gradient of Li+ delayed the charging reaction at the reaction channel of the discharging reaction.


The legume–Rhizobium symbiosis is the most important source of biologically fixed nitrogen in agricultural systems. However, it is complex and sensitive to environmental effects, including available mineral nitrogen, soil salinity, and low root-zone temperature. How these factors inhibit the symbiosis is not well understood. If the effects are mostly on the early stages of nodulation, addition of signal molecule(s) may overcome it. Pisum sativum seeds were germinated and the seedlings were inoculated with bacterial culture and cultivated under controlled environment conditions, studying each of the above nodulation-inhibitory factors, under 3 levels: control (little or no inhibitory condition), and moderately or severely inhibitory conditions. Aspects of nodule development (size and number) were measured with a scanner-based technology. All of the environmental conditions studied had effects on both nodule establishment and development. The addition of either hesperitin or naringenin frequently modified nodule development, most markedly under saline conditions. Flavonoid additions had only small effects under high nitrogen availability conditions, and stronger effects under saline and low root zone temperature conditions.