Let Q be the set of primitive words over a finite alphabet with at least two symbols. We characterize a class of primitive words, Q_I, referred to as ins-robust primitive words, which remain primitive on insertion of any letter from the alphabet and present some properties that characterizes words in the set Q_I. It is shown that the language Q_I is dense. We prove that the language of primitive words that are not ins-robust is not context-free. We also present a linear time algorithm to recognize ins-robust primitive words and give a lower bound on the number of n-length ins-robust primitive words.


Over the past few decades, engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) have been increasingly used in many commercial products.1,2 As a result, more and more ENPs have been released into the environment, which raises concerns over their fate, toxicity and transport therein.3 Cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) are widely used in industry, and once they are released into the environment, soils are likely to be their primary repository. Nevertheless, given their relatively low concentrations and high natural background of Ce-containing minerals in the environment, it still remains a challenge to detect and characterize the CeO2 NPs in environmental samples. Single particle ICP-MS (SP-ICP-MS) has proven to be a powerful technique to detect and characterize ENPs, especially at very low concentrations (as expected in environmental samples), owing to its capability to quickly provide information about particle size, size distribution and particle number concentration.4-6 Since its development, SP-ICP-MS has been successfully utilized to investigate ENPs in various matrices.7-16 This work demonstrates a robust method using SP-ICP-MS technology to detect CeO2 NPs which were extracted from soil samples with tetrasodium pyrophosphate (TSPP). Analysis of Cerium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Soil Using Single Particle ICP-MS ICP Mass Spectrometry A P P L I C A T I O N N O T E


The precision and accuracy of diffraction measurements with 2D area detectors depends on how well the experimental geometry is known. A method is described to measure the module geometry in order to obtain accurate strain data using a new Eiger2 4M CdTe detector. Smooth Debye–Scherrer powder diffraction rings with excellent signal to noise were collected by using a fine-grained sample of CeO2. From these powder patterns, the different components of the module alignment errors could be observed when the overall detector position was moved. A least squares fitting method was used to refine the detector module and scattering geometry for a series of powder patterns with different beam centers. A precision that is around 1/350 pixel for the module positions was obtained from the fit. This calibration was checked by free refinement of the unit cell of a silicon crystal that gave a maximum residual strain value of 2.1 × 10−5 as the deviation from cubic symmetry.


Photographic image. Black and white. Image of a boys high school in Bessarabia. Greeting card, like business card, with black & white graphic of large two-story stone building in background with bare trees in foreground. Printed on front, "Das neue Gymnasium in Tarutino/ Herzliche Glueckwuensche zum Neuen Jahre." Inscribed on back, "The boys high school 'Knabengymnasium' in Tarutino/ Bess[arabia] in the 1920s." Circa 1920s. Courtesy of Dr. Elvire Necker-Eberhardt Collection, 2012.23, GRHC.


This paper proposes an efficient score tracking system that can track musical performance on a score in real time. This kind of technology is called score following. It can be used in wide range of applications. Our algorithm is like Dannenberg's Dynamic Programming algorithm but extends his algorithm to process polyphony music. Ideally, the notes of polyphony have to be played at the same time. But in fact, it is impossible. When the notes are played, there are tiny differences among the time. We group nearly played note and classify them into leading notes and following notes. The algorithm, adopting Oshima's coping with four types of errors, also takes in consideration some performer's habits and circumstances, such as repeating unfamiliar parts or playing the wrong note.


I use a joint frailty model for recurring and terminal events (Rondeau et al., 2007) to explore the effects of democracy on two types of constitution changes: replacements and amendments. The statistical model takes into consideration that repeated amendments can affect the hazard of constitution replacement. I find that democracy increases the hazard of suffering an amendment and decreases the hazard of replacement, and estimate a negative correlation between the two types of events. Repeated amendments increase the survival of a constitution and decrease the hazard of replacement. These effects were predicted by a simple bargaining model of constitution negotiation in which in autocracies the incumbent has more political power relative to that of the opposition, which means a stronger bargaining position.


The phenomenon of caked papers is one of the most serious problems faced the restoration and conservation of historical manuscripts, books, and paper documents. The papers reach a state of weakness and fragility make it difficult to deal with. Although various causes lead to this phenomenon, fungal bio-deterioration is the most important one. For the disassembling of caked papers, the traditional applied methods including mechanical separation and organic solvents are not completely effective. The present research aimed to find an applicable solution in the disassembling of caked papers via the evaluation of the use of locally produced cellulolytic enzyme. Therefore, different treatment conditions including the use of different enzyme activities for different treatment periods were examined. The amount of reducing sugars released in the treatment solution was initially determined. In addition, chemical, physical and mechanical properties of the treated samples were monitored using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, color change measurement, tensile strength and elongation. Digital and scanning electron microscopy were also applied to examine the topographic changes occurred on the surface of the treated papers. The results proved that the lowest concentration of the used enzyme able to separate the caked papers, improving its mechanical and physical properties.


The cranial morphology and extensive dentition of the dicynodont therapsid Endothiodon are different from those of any other dicynodont and it clearly had a different feeding niche. Recently prepared material from Mozambique which has relatively well preserved dentition has revealed that the mode of tooth replacement of Endothiodon differs in the upper and lower jaws. The very high and narrow vaulted palate with a close fitting, pointed lower jaw indicates that Endothiodon had a small mouth with muscular cheeks and extensive cheek pouches, suggesting a browsing feeding niche.


By the use of an optical current transformer(OCT) based on the Faraday Effect,the method of current measure in power system is presented.The problem of automatic gain equalization of two optical intensity signals in the OCT is solved.The phase synchronization of the sampled signal in measure process is realized by a phase-locked loop circuit,and the measuring accuracy is improved.The current measure system is tested and analyzed in the paper.


SUMMARYRestriction enzyme fingerprints were generated from purified plasmid DNA from 324 clinical isolates that belonged to 7 enterobacterial genera and 88 singleplasmids in Escherichia coli K12 according to thefollowing strategy.Purified plasmid DNA was digested with PstI. The number of fragmentsdetected ina0-8agarose gel was used to determinewhich 2 of 6restrictionenzymes including PstI was most likely to provide a fingerprint comprising sufficientfragments toensure specificitybutsufficiently few toalloweasy visual assessment and minimize coincidentalmatching. When Pst I produced >20 fragments,Eco RI and HindIII were used; when PstI generated <6 fragmentsBsp 1286 andAvaII were used and SmaI was employed when between 6 and 20 fragments were obtainedfromPstIdigests. Using aminimum of 12 fragmentsfrom a combinationof 2 enzymes as the criterion for characterizing a strain/plasmid, satisfactory 2-enzyme fingerprints were obtainedfrom 87 % ofthe strains andplasmidsstudied usingPstI and


Oceanic fracture zone traces are widely used in studies of seafloor morphology and plate kinematics. Satellite altimetry missions have resulted in high‐resolution gravity maps in which all major fracture zones and other tectonic fabric can be identified, and numerous scientists have digitized such lineaments. We have initiated a community effort to maintain low‐cost infrastructure that allows seafloor fabric lineaments to be stored, accessed, and updated. A key improvement over past efforts is our processing software (released as a GMT5 supplement) that allows for semiautomatic corrections to previously digitized fracture zone traces given improved gridded data sets. Here we report on our seafloor fabric processing tools, which complement our database of seafloor fabric lineations, magnetic anomaly identifications, and plate kinematic models.


The traditional structure of law and the communicative approach used in College English teaching has certain limitations,lexical chunk construction can be effective in promoting input and output of spoken English teaching,improve their oral fluency and accuracy,provide a new way in oral English teaching in higher vocational colleges.


This article reviews current urbanization processes associated with the development of cities; the research is on specific cultural area of a megapolis: socio-cultural heterogeneity, dialogic urban space, intention to innovation, and predominance of intellectual nature of spiritual life in big cities.


A UV-curable polyurethane acrylate with super low viscosity has been prepared by mixing tolulene 2,4-diisocyanate(TDI),methylacrylate-β-hydroxyethyl (HEMA) and polyethylene glycol(PEG400).The resulting oligomer was characterized by IR spectroscopy.The results show that the reaction conditions including the manner of addition of reagents,reactant ratio,catalyst,and temperature have an important effect on the viscosity of the resulting PUA.Preliminary studies of the optimization of the sensitivity of UV-curable ink based on the prepared oligomer were carried out.The UV-curable ink thus prepared had a minimum curing time of less than 15?s.


This report starts out with an overview of the immune system, describes the central nervous system (CNS), and future consideration.


induction of addition, patients in the severe group were more likely to have complications and had a much higher mortality rate and lower discharge rate than those with non-severe disease but agrees that smoking is associated with increased risk of sever COVID-19. The letter in disagreement by Lippi et al. titled 'Active smoking is not associated with severity of COVID-19' was critiqued in this publication for flaws in data collection, statistical analysis, and inference of conclusions. The author of this letter believes that consensus should be that smoking does increase risk of severe disease in COVID-19, in accordance with the majority of meta analyses published


The current media need for employees capable of producing multiplatform content and thriving in collaborative environments. This has made digital journalism one of the fields considered to have the...


Considering the speciality of communication channel and the natures of image sources ,based on the study of the need of network communication and JPEG standard ,JPEG algorithm is improved and an adaptive bit-rate control method is given.


TPS1109 Background: PALB2 (Partner and Localizer of BRCA2) plays a critical role in the maintenance of genomic integrity through its role in the Fanconi anemia and homologous recombination DNA repair pathways. Our recently reported phase II clinical trial (Gruber, et al. JCO 2019) showed that talazoparib monotherapy was associated with single agent activity in germline PALB2 (gPALB2) mutation-associated advanced breast cancers. Of 5 patients with a germline PALB2 mutation, all 5 had reduction in target lesions > 20% with 3 of 5 achieving a RECIST 1.1 response. All patients had visceral metastases and were heavily pretreated; one response occurred in a patient with 8 prior lines of therapy for metastatic breast cancer. Clinical activity of the PARP inhibitor olaparib was also demonstrated in breast cancer patients with gPALB2 mutations in the Olaparib Expanded trial (TBCRC 048). Thus, we believe there is significant value in generating additional PARP inhibitor monotherapy data in subjects with advanced PALB2 mutation-associated breast cancer. We propose this phase II trial to better estimate the rate of RECIST 1.1 objective response in this patient population. Methods: This is a single-arm, two-stage, non-randomized study to assess the objective response rate (ORR) of talazoparib monotherapy in patients with PALB2 mutation-associated advanced breast cancer. Eligible subjects will be adults with inoperable locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer with a germline or somatic PALB2 mutation with 0-3 prior therapies for advanced disease. Eligible patients must have a deleterious or suspected deleterious mutation in PALB2 on a CLIA approved commercial germline or next generation sequencing tumor assay. Study treatment is talazoparib 1 mg PO daily. In stage 1, ORR will be assessed after 15 patients; if at least 2 responses are observed then an additional 15 patients will be enrolled; if less than 2 responses are observed the study will be terminated. The primary objective is to evaluate whether talazoparib monotherapy can induce a 30% ORR in subjects with advanced breast cancer associated with a PALB2 mutation. Response will be assessed by RECIST 1.1. Secondary objectives include safety, PFS, clinical benefit rate, and patient-reported quality-of-life. Exploratory endpoints will assess for the presence of PALB2 loss-of-heterozygosity, biallelic mutations, correlation of ctDNA profile with treatment response and the correlation of germline versus somatic mutations with response rate. This trial is currently activated and enrolling at Stanford Cancer Center and it is expected that 4 additional sites will be added. Conclusion: This trial will evaluate gPALB2 as a biomarker for PARP inhibitor monotherapy in advanced or metastatic HER2- breast cancer. Clinical trial information: pending .


Experimental results are presented which show the generation of several neutral oxide hole traps by keV electron irradiation. The density of the existing hole trap increases by about a factor of 2 after 4‐keV electron irradiation. The added traps appear to be associated with broken silicon‐oxygen bonds by the keV electrons. A new oxide hole trap of cross section of 1.4×10−15 cm2 is also observed in dry oxides with post‐oxidation anneal in argon and post‐metallization anneal in forming gas. This new hole trap may be related to an oxygen deficient or hydrogen‐bond center. Heating at 370 °C anneals out the new hole trap but it does not restore the broken bonds.


Legumes are highly important food, feed and biofuel crops. Economically, legumes represent the second most important family of crop plants after grass family. High input costs and environmental pressures to reduce nitrogen use in agriculture have increased the competitive advantage of legume crops. The symbiotic relationship that legumes form with nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria in root nodules is central to this advantage. An immediate goal of legume genomics is to transfer knowledge between model and crop legumes. Especially GmNARK which is highly related to autoregulation of nodulation is used in this study as a model gene. In-depth understanding of conservation of gene through whole genome duplication among Papilionoideae legume species which is economically most important crop legumes is a required to achieving this goal. This study revealed orthologs of GmNARK among legume species and their relationships and suggested evolution models of these competitive genes.


We study the hadron spectra in nearly central A+A collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in a broad transverse momentum range. We cover the low-pT spectra using longitudinally boost-invariant hydrodynamics with initial energy and net-baryon number densities from the perturbative QCD (pQCD)+saturation model. Buildup of the transverse flow and sensitivity of the spectra to a single decoupling temperature Tdec are studied. Comparison with RHIC data at sqrt[sNN]=130 and 200 GeV suggests a rather high value Tdec=150 MeV. The high-pT spectra are computed using factorized pQCD cross sections, nuclear parton distributions, fragmentation functions, and describing partonic energy loss in the quark-gluon plasma by quenching weights. Overall normalization is fixed on the basis of p+p (p) data and the strength of energy loss is determined from RHIC Au+Au data. Uncertainties are discussed. With constraints from RHIC data, we predict the pT spectra of hadrons in 5% most central Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC energy sqrt[sNN]=5500 GeV. Because of the closed framework for primary production, we can also predict the net-baryon number at midrapidity, as well as the strength of partonic energy losses at the LHC. Both at the LHC and RHIC, we recognize a rather narrow crossover region in the pT spectra, where the hydrodynamic and pQCD fragmentation components become of equal size. We argue that in this crossover region the two contributions are to a good approximation mutually independent. In particular, our results suggest a wider pT region of applicability for hydrodynamical models at the LHC than at RHIC.


Low-temperature formation of graphene films with ethane gas cluster ion beam (GCIB) implantations were investigated. Ethane GCIBs realize both shallow carbon implantation and creation of high temperature and high pressure conditions simultaneously, which lead to reduction of substrate temperature for graphene formation. By optimization of deposition conditions, it was found that graphene like films were formed on Ni by 5 keV ethane GCIB irradiations at substrate temperature of 400 oC, which was much lower than that required for a typical CVD graphene deposition (800 - 1000 oC).


Chapter 1 defines the call to preach as containing two aspects, inward and outward, and identifies a gender gap or difference in how men and women can claim their call to preach. By identifying the central problem of gender inequality, this chapter establishes the fundamental concern of this book as a significant issue of patriarchy and ecclesiastical authority. Next, the chapter reviews relevant scholarship in homiletics and history of preaching to contextualize this issue. Drawing on social theorists, obstacles are identified and defined that have formed and maintained the dominant narrative limiting women preachers and their voice and agency. Utilizing feminist hermeneutics, this chapter argues that the historical women preachers of this work and their power of resistance still hold valuable lessons for people struggling to claim their call to preach today.


Purpose – This paper aims to highlight the availability and use of software systems in the Irish construction professional cost consultancy process. Also to gather the views from practising quantity surveying professionals as to how available systems could assist total cost management of green buildings throughout their lifespan.Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire was given to a number of senior quantity surveyors throughout Ireland to ascertain the extent to which IT systems were being used as part of a total life cycle cost analysis and control procedure. Particular focus of questions related to the extent to which use of IT systems encouraged information sharing. Statistical analyses of results of same are given.Findings – Quantity surveying practice must adapt and integrate cost management systems within the life cycle cost plan of a building. Use of well‐designed IT systems should complement the existing knowledge base of traditional cost models.Originality/value – The extent to which life ...


The intraperitoneal administration of l‐Dopa and a series of ester prodrugs of l‐Dopa to reserpinized mice produced elevations of striatal and tuberculum olfactorium homovanillic acid (HVA) and 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels. Differences in the pattern of change produced by individual drugs, compared with l‐Dopa, were observed. Only the phenoxyethyl ester caused elevations of both striatal and tuberculum olfactorium HVA and DOPAC, greater than those measured following l‐Dopa administration. Overall the m‐trifluoromethylbenzyl, phenylethyl, p‐chlorophenylethyl and p‐methoxyphenylethyl ester prodrugs produced greater elevations of striatal and tuberculum olfactorium HVA, but not DOPAC, compared with l‐Dopa. The administration of the 2‐tetrahydropyranylmethyl derivative only enhanced striatal HVA and striatal and tuberculum olfactorium DOPAC concentrations. Changes of HVA and DOPAC tissue concentrations following administration of the 2‐hydroxypropyl, n‐propyl, methyl, ethyl and 2‐(1‐methoxy)propyl ester prodrugs were comparable with those produced by the administration of l‐Dopa itself. The alterations in striatal and tuberculum olfactorium HVA and DOPAC levels observed did not correlate with the ability of these compounds to elicit locomotor activity in reserpinized mice.


This paper basically follows [1], where the transfer function formalism in nonlinear control systems, both continuous and discrete-time, is discussed. Here, we demonstrate how such a formalism can be adopted to design constrained nonlinear discrete-time controller for a fluid tank system. The first step consists in finding appropriate nonlinear discrete-time description for a fluid tank system, which is, in general, a difficult task, as it involves solving nonlinear differential equations. Second, we design nonlinear discrete-time controllers which linearize closed loop, eliminate input disturbance and deal with the controller output constraint. Finally, all results are verified on a real fluid tank system.


Flip bifurcation of a time-delayed blowfly model with piecewise constant variables is discussed.The necessary and sufficient conditions for the local stability of the system are obtained by applying the eigenvalue theory and Jury criterion of difference equation model.By bifurcation theory,the conditions for the existence of Flip bifurcation are studied.The direction and stability of Flip bifurcation is investigated based on the normal form approach theory and center manifold theory.Finally the feasibility of the conditions and conclusions is illustrated by some examples and graphics drown by Matlab 7.0.


Strong coupling WPT system such as contactless slipring (CS) may suffer from the large harmonic content in resonant tank, which causes decrease in efficiency. This paper systematically analyzes the relationship between the harmonic and coupling coefficient for serial and parallel compensated CS system. In addition, a novel fundamental-harmonic parallel-transferred CS System is proposed. The CS system improves the power transfer capacity and meanwhile promises the soft switching and constant output gain. Experimental results on a 500W prototype are presented to verify the proposed method, and the peak efficiency is 93.99%.


A new tool is being designed to perform Monte Carlo analysis on applications which use Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) data as input. The purpose of the tool is to help determine the effects of PMU estimate error on applications' output. This paper describes the effect of the fixed filter transfer function on the PMU reports and describes a method to simulate the error from ideal reports. PMUs use a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) to estimate the magnitude and phase of the power system signal. The DFT output is a signal sampled at the internal sampling rate of the PMU with frequency components at both the difference and the sum of the power system signal frequency and the system's theoretical nominal frequency. The difference frequency components are the synchrophasor estimates and the sum frequency component must be removed by filtering. However PMU filters are not ideal, and a portion of the sum signal component is unattenuated by the filter. The unattenuated sum component becomes aliased into the synchrophasors transmitted at the PMU reporting rate. This unattenuated, aliased sum component is a significant error in the PMU reports. Many PMUs use a fixed filter with a known transfer function.


In order to reduce the energy consumption of irregular spatio-temporal query processing and improve the query success rate,a tree-based algorithm is proposed to process spatio-temporal data collection queries with irregular query regions.It organizes sensor nodes in query regions as a tree.The nodes in the tree send local data to their parents until reaching the root of the tree.An itinerary-based algorithm to process spatio-temporal data aggregation queries with irregular query regions is also proposed here.It collects the data of nodes in the query region and aggregates them along an itinerary to generate the final query result.Both of them divide the complex and irregular query region into some simple convex polygons in order to reduce the computational complexity of determining whether the nodes are in the query region and ensure that only the nodes in query regions send the sensed data,thus reducing the energy consumption.The experimental results show that the proposed algorithms outperform the existion spatio-temporal query processing algorithms for irregular region query.


Quora is a flourishing online question answer forum where millions of users post questions and answer questions in the subjects they have knowledge. A plethora of questions are posted by users and some of them can be similarly worded. This would make it tedious for the users as answering similarly worded questions can be time consuming. Hence, there is a need to detect similarly worded questions or duplicate questions. This research work proposes a MIKIDQD framework for detecting duplicate questions in the Quora forum by using the Quora dataset. The knowledge-centric, ontologybased and semantically-driven strategy incorporated in the proposed model surpasses the other baseline models in terms of the performance measures. The proposed model yields the highest accuracy value of 98.07% and the least False Negative Rate of 0.01 indicating the best performance.


We investigated the rare events of sunward (westward) sub‐auroral ion drifts (SAID) development in the dawn magnetic local time (MLT) sector by utilizing horizontal ion velocity measurements collected by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program F16 spacecraft. We surveyed the 2‐year time period of 2016–2017 and found only 15 SAID detections made in the 3–6 MLT sector over the northern winter hemisphere: seven in 2016 and eight in 2017. Results show that the dawnside SAID developed poleward of the ring‐current‐related plasma density trough, called ring ionospheric trough (RIT). With a few inner‐magnetosphere observations, we demonstrated that the favorable conditions were created by (a) the proton/ring current injections occurring across the newly‐formed dawnside plasmapause where (b) the ring current ions became unstable. As a result of (a), the outward SAID electric (E) field developed via short‐circuiting, mapped down to the ionosphere as a poleward E field and drove the sunward (westward) SAID flow in the dawn MLT sector. As a result of (b), a localized heat source developed near the newly‐formed dawnside plasmapause in the hot zone and the resultant downward heat flux led to stable auroral red (SAR) arc development when the electron temperature was sufficiently high. Then, the dawnside SAID flow developed parallel with the RIT and SAR arc.


Discipline is the unity of knowledge and power.Musicology system evolvement analysis from Disciplinary vision belongs to the study of meta-theory.Musicology system module currently operating in China belongs to Viola System,while the hypostasis of musicology system evolvement is not only the classifying rules of music knowledge,but also an internal classification of academic power.The tendency of musicology system evolvement is cross-disciplinary,and China musicology has paid attention to and caught up with the developments in both technical research and teaching.The cross-disciplinary study of musicology needs to intersect humanities,physical science and social science,and is a new branch formed according to the subject building regulations,and promotes the prosperity and development of musicology.


This study aimed to establish how students' perceived teaching effectiveness with the integration of kinesics teaching strategy affects the Science periodical test performance of indigenous learners. A questionnaire translated in the native dialect was used to gather the perception of indigenous learners on teaching effectiveness as well as their performance on periodical test. Ethical clearance was secured as well as permission from the concerned agencies. Data were statistically treated using the MS excel. Results revealed that a negatively high relationship between periodical test performance and kinesics specifically on emblems, illustrators, and regulators. Hence, further study is recommended to validate the findings and develop a kinesics teaching strategy as an emerging model for indigenous learners.


Vitamins are minor but essential constituents offload. They are required for the normal growth, maintenance and functioning of  the human body. Many different  analytical methods   has been  done  to determine Water Soluble Vitamins (B group: B1, B2, and B6) quantity in substances containing Water Soluble Vitamins, such as: (titration , spectrophotometer, electrochemical and chromatographic) methods  .


Sensor-based human activity recognition (HAR) aims to recognize a human's physical actions by using sensors attached to different body parts. As a user-specific application, HAR often suffers poor generalization from training on an individual to testing on another individual, or from one body part to another body part. To tackle this cross-domain HAR problem, this article proposes a domain adaptation (DA) method called local domain adaptation (LDA), whose core is to align cluster-to-cluster distributions between the source domain and the target domain. On the one hand, LDA differs from existing set-to-set alignment by reducing the distribution discrepancy at a finer granularity. On the other hand, LDA is superior to the class-to-class alignment because it can provide more accurate soft labels for the target domain. Specifically, LDA contains three main steps: 1) groups the activity class into several high-level abstract clusters; 2) maps the original data of each cluster in both domains into the same low-dimension subspace to align the intracluster data distribution; 3) predicts the class labels for target domain in the low-dimension subspace. Experimental results on two public HAR benchmark datasets show that LDA outperforms state-of-the-art DA methods for the cross-domain HAR.


SI Rules 2003 foresee a possibility of co-operation of an organic holding with other holdings in order to spread surplus manure.
Further there are no specific demands related to the storage facilities for livestock manure in SI Rules.


the greater importance of the left cerebral hemisphere as regards the faculty of language. A considerable congregation of notables, medical and otherwise, assembled under the auspices of the Maire of Sommieres, Dr. R. Andre. Professor Alajouanine of Paris unveiled a plaque over the house where the younger Dr. Dax was born, while Dr. Macdonald Critchley in his capacity as President of the World Federation of Neurology, unveiled a tablet in the market square now renamed 'Le Place des deux Docteurs Dax'. Among the many well-known persons in attendance were Professor A Conference will be held between 2nd and 6th April, 1967 at the Royal College of Surgeons ofEngland, to commemorate the beginning ofa revolution in Surgery. In March and April 1867, Lord Lister's first reports on the antiseptic technique were published and so presented to the world. Before this, surgery was precarious and its scope limited, and itwas through the understanding ofthe cause ofsepsis that modern surgerywas born. The programme will begin with the historical background to Lister's life and work and will include a Symposium entitled 'SAFE SURGERY'. Speakers and guests are being invited from many parts of the world, including Denmark, France, Germany and Russia, countries which were among the first to recognize the importance of Lister's work. A special exhibition will demonstrate the significance of Lister's achievement, both in his own time and today. THE HEALTH SCIENCES HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA The Health Sciences Historical Society of British Columbia has been formed. Its objects are to provide a forum for expression of interest and to promote the study of the history of the sciences dealing with human health. Those mainly responsible for the stimulus to constitute the Society were the Professor of the History of Medicine and Science in the University of British Columbia (Professor William C. Gibson) and the honorary lecturers in his department. With this support, the constitution of the Society has been designed to encourage the widest possible opportunity for participation in active and associate membership by all individuals concerned with the health sciences in British Columbia.


Background: Degenerative spondylolisthesis is a common disease of the lumbar spine especially in older ones. The disease represents a challenge to the treating physician. At present, for those patients that deteriorate clinically, there are many proposed algorithms for the surgical treatment. This before and after study was undertaken to assess the surgical results of decompression and instrumented posterolateral fusion in these patients. Methods: The study population consisted of 23 patients who had undergone no prior surgery for degenerative spondylolisthesis on the lumbar spine. These patients were treated by decompression, bilateral posterolateral fusion, and segmental (pedicle screw) instrumentation with mean follow-up of 29 months (range, 13-73 months). Finally, The clinical results were evaluated for all patients by means of an Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) version 2.1, the Henderson's functional capacity, and persistence of leg symptoms, low back pain or claudication. Mann-Whitney and Chi-Square tests were used to assess the average values and comparison, respectively. Results: Henderson's functional capacity at the last visit session was excellent in 14 (60.9%), good in 7 (30.4%), fair in 2 (8.7%) cases. ODI decreased from 72.2% (50-88%) preoperatively to 14.4% (0-54%) at the latest follow-up visit. A history of leg pain or claudication was correlated significantly with the amount of decline in ODI score and Henderson's functional capacity (p Conclusion: In spite of limited number of our patients, decompressive surgery plus instrumented posterolateral fusion is a safe, reliable, and satisfactory procedure for treating degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis. This procedure may be done when conservative treatment was failed and psychological problems can be ruled out.


Industrial gas flow has been tested in the well Heba-1 located in Tongnanba structure in the northeastern Sichuan basin.Hydrogen sulfide(H2S) of a certain concentration was tested in the gas samples,but no relevant research results have been reported at present.For this reason,study is performed on the genesis and distribution of H2S in the Lower Triassic in the study area.Based on analyses of various genetic mechanisms and features of H2S in the nature and correlation with the characteristics of gas reservoirs with high concentration of H2S in the adjacent areas,it is believed that the H2S in the study area is generated through thermochemical sulfate reduction(TSR).This understanding is the basis of prediction of H2S distribution.It is predicted that there is basically no H2S occur in the reservoirs in the third and first members of Jialingjiang formation and the third member of Feixianguan formation.Conditions for H2S generation exist in the second member of Jialingjiang formation and the fourth member of Feixianguan formation,especially the former in which H2S of a certain concentration has been tested both in formation test and production test.However,the concentration of H2S in the latter is limited.


Nucleotide analogues empower chemical biologists to investigate the relationship between RNA structure and function on a level deeper than would be possible using only the four natural nucleotides. N 4 -Methylcytidine and N 4 -hydroxycytidine represent two cytidine analogues whose physicochemical properties enable biochemical tests for specific aspects of cytidine function within RNA. Here, we describe an efficient synthesis of N 4 -methylcytidine and N 4 -hydroxycytidine derivatives, and their corresponding phosphoramidites in 40.7% and 25.2% yield, respectively, starting from uridine. These phosphoramidites couple efficiently during solid-phase synthesis, although N 4 -hydroxycytidine reverts partially to cytidine (5-10%) during oligonucleotide synthesis and deprotection.


Personalized genomic medicine: non-small-cell lung cancer and lymphoma kinase. Abstract Genomic medicine, that is to say, using genomic information about a patient in order to set the diagnostic path and to tailor therapy to his/her specific characteristics, is one of the cornerstones of modern precision medicine and forms an integral part of several fields, oncology first of all. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality, causing more than 1.6 million deaths worldwide per year and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of lung cancers. In a small subset of NSCLC (5%-8%), we can detect a genomic rearrangement on chromosome 2, between the Echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4) gene and the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene, resulting in the chimeric protein EML4-ALK, that acts as an oncogene and that can be specifically targeted by an ALK-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy. However, a major clinical challenge is represented by the fact that, after a first line ALK-TKI treatment, patients eventually develop acquired resistance to these agents, opening new scenarios for the right second-line drug choice.


: Natural language processing is a science that integrates computer knowledge, mathematical knowledge and linguistic knowledge, while text classification and recognition is considered an important research area and direction of natural language processing. In the context of the big data era, how to effectively classify text information in the face of a sea of text-based data is the focus of current research. This paper describes the theoretical knowledge of text classification concepts, text representation methods and text classifiers. Firstly, the basic concepts of text classification and the classification process are introduced. Then the model structures of convolutional and recurrent neural networks and their variants are introduced, followed by the structure and implementation principles of two classical word embedding models, Word2vec and BERT.


What is the nature of humankind's relationship with the natural world? To what extent can social science shed light on this relationship? What are the most pressing research questions? What limitations present themselves? Drawing from the experi- ences of a 16th century cartographer, Fra Mauro, the author addresses the prospects for successfully mapping the meaning of wilderness in contemporary life. I have been waiting my whole life to give this talk. You see, like John Steinbeck confessed in Travels with Charley (1962), I, too, am in love with Montana. When I was a youngster growing up in Michigan, my parents used to bring me to the edge of the Bob Marshall Wilderness every other summer on vacation and turn me loose. I fished mostly. I waded the streams in blue jeans and tennis shoes, floating grasshoppers over the riffles into the deeper holes, trying to entice a brook or rainbow trout to splash at my offering. When I got thirsty, I dipped my baseball cap into the water at my feet and drank to my heart's content. Later on, when I was a teenager, my dad taught me to fly fish on the South Fork of the Sun River, and I replaced grasshoppers with an imitator called the Crazy Goof that I purchased at Dan Bailey's Fly Shop in Great Falls. I rode trail horses, too, with names like Skeeter and Buster. They were plodders mostly, setting their own pace, delivering me in their own good time to places I wanted to fish—places like Pretty Prairie—and to other places from which I could gaze deeper and deeper into "The Bob"—places like the fire lookout atop Patrol Mountain. As a geography major at The University of Michigan, I returned to the Bob Marshall Wilderness with a friend to backpack into the Chinese Wall. Lo and behold, spring floods and a Forest Service airstrip had changed forever the Bench- mark area where I fished as a boy, and for the first time, I entertained thoughts of dedicating my life to the protection of wilderness. Now, 30 years later, I still count those Montana summers as the happiest days of my life. Viewed retrospectively, they provided not only a wonderful context for my boyhood adventures, they provided fertile ground for stimulating my imagination, for exploration and make-believe, and for dream- ing my future. They also provided, as it turns out, the inspiration for my life's work. Obviously, the Bob Marshall Wilderness had a significant effect on me, and the fact that I am standing here before you today is clear trace evidence of the depth and durability of the meaning of wilderness in my life.


A confrontation is made between two exponents of the humanistic existential psychology, which made its first appearance in the United States of American in the Thirties: Carl Rogers, the pioneer of the "person-centered-therapy" and Robert Carkhuff, a disciple of Rogers. The comparative study aims at making evident the points of convergence and integrations between the two psycho-therapeutic methods.


The detection of covert channel is of increasing interest in light of the recent study of network behaviorism. However, due to the high variation in legitimate network traffic, detecting covert channel is a challenging task. In this paper, we study and analyze a new covert channel detection methodology, based on the property of scale-free networks , with the objective of enhancing the covert channel detection capabilities. Keywords-power-law distribution;network behaviourism; covert channel; complex networks


Through an investigation of empirical character one has determined the characteristics that they impel or contain to a Murcias company to be decided to raise policies of electronic commerce in its company. This work shows the raised variables, that the agents who make the decisions, consider of greater importance or like objectives to reach or barriers to resolve, detecting in addition that certain intrinsic characteristics to the organization exist that also exert a strong infl uence and that do not depend on the decisions that can be taken in the same one.


Jews (pp. 20–21). The authors summarize unsparingly the antisemitic views of the Luther of the 1540s. But the unique value of this volume is two-fold. First, the French-reading general public is given a full version of this booklet. It is to be expected that a comparable English translation will also appear, benefitting from the superb annotation that the authors have furnished. For this is the second merit of the book. The arguments which Osiander offers from reason but also from Jewish tradition, are scrupulously researched and documented. It is difficult to imagine any fair-minded reader not being overwhelmed by the evidence, rationally presented. Johannes Eck was utterly unconvinced by his reading, of course, and one of the merits of the annotation is that it notes the arguments (if one may call them that) which Eck presented in his lengthy rebuttal. These have the value at least of illuminating the forcefulness of an ingrained antiJudaism and anti-Semitism which continued to characterize European Catholic culture until the twentieth century. This is in no way to exculpate Protestants, particularly central European Lutherans with their own shocking heritage. In this booklet, by Osiander or another, it is not always easy to disentangle the author's argument from the attempt to treat the details of the specific historical accusation at Pösing. Thanks to the editors' careful annotation, the flow of argument remains comprehensible. Let one example from his first eight proofs suffice. Unlike Protestant Christians, he states, Jews expect their obedience to the Law to give them access to eternal life (as St Paul repeatedly points out); inasmuch their law absolutely forbids the taking of human life, how can it credible that Jews would commit so vile an act that would guarantee for ever their loss of paradise? We must be grateful to the editors of the American edition of Luther (Augsburg-Fortress) for their decision to publish in volume 47 the 1543 vituperative treatise On the Jews and Their Lies. With the slim volume which is subject of this review, we now have access to a reasoned and effective response by a contemporary to the antisemitism of Luther and the majority in his era. It was a ray of light, a reason for some hopefulness in a dark chapter of European history. It ought to find its way on to college and university reading lists.


In this brief, for the first time, dual-band bandstop filters (DBBSF) for millimeter-wave operation at 30/80 GHz bands are presented in 0.18 $\mu \text{m}$ CMOS process. The filter design is based on TFMS shunt open-ended stepped-impedance resonators, which exhibit dual stopband response with impedance controlled center frequencies and bandwidths. Lossless transmission line model is used for theoretical analysis, where the conditions for acquiring two stopbands and to achieve good stopband isolation are investigated using single and double resonators. Furthermore, an improved design for good passband at mid-band has been proposed, resulting in a DBBSF that could also replace a wideband bandpass filter with sharp-rejection on both sides. Two prototype filters with optimally compact geometries are fabricated and characterized to demonstrate dual-band bandstop characteristics at 30/80 GHz. The measured results are in good agreement with full-wave electromagnetic simulations.


Ideological and political education in higher education plays an almost decisive role in establishing correct life concepts and values for college students.At the same time, it serves as a very critical role in the entire education system of universities and colleges. College students are often at the forefront of social development, as a result, they are endowed with extensive knowledge and understanding of popular social matters. As the development of network information technology, WeChat has become a imperative social software for every adult, and its powerful functions enable people to live a more convenient life, which has greatly contributed to the progress of the efficiency of human society. This article will explore the implementation path of WeChat regarding ideological and political education.


Objective:To investigate the expression of RhoA and ROCK2 in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN) and cervical cancer and its correlation with invasiveness.Methods: The expressions of RhoA and ROCK2 were examined respectively by immunohistochemical S-P method in 10 cases of cervicitis tissue,30 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and 30 cases of cervical cancer.The correlation between the immunohistochemical results and the clinicopathological features were analyzed.Results: ① The expression rate of RhoA and ROCK2 were 0% in cervicitis tissues,36.7% and 30.0% in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,83.3% and 76.7% in cervical cancer,respectively.The positive rate was significantly higher in the cervical cancer group than in the normal control group(P 0.01).From cervicitis tissue to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and to cervical cancer,the positive expression rates of RhoA and ROCK2 were gradually increased.② RhoA and ROCK2 protein expression were correlated with histological grade and lymph node metastasis(P 0.05),but not with age and clinical stage(P 0.05).Conclusion: Expression of RhoA and ROCK2 may serve as a parameter for evaluating metastasisand prognosis in cervical cancer.


This study employs longitudinal data to examine the rate at which recent immigrants to Canada obtain employment matching their previous or intended occupations. Socio-demographic factors such as visible minority status and area of residence are found to influence the rate at which this cohort of immigrants obtains job matches. Human capital factors also have a significant impact. An examination of occupational characteristics reveals that immigrants who seek high-status occupations obtain job matches at slower rates than those seeking lower-status occupations.


Rebecca Turner and Martin Thomas model ski costumes in Wellington. Photographed by an Evening Post staff photographer 6 June 1978.
Quantity: 2 b&w original negative(s) 35mm negative strips comprising 6 images.
Physical Description: Cellulose triacetate negatives, 35mm


We propose a methodology especially conceived to exploit the musical media in order to vehiculate some aspects in the realm of computational thinking to pupils of the lower secondary school (6th to 8th grades). The related activities are based on a visual programming language whose execution generates a melody shown using both its traditionally-notated musical score and its audio reproduction. This language provides the basic programming tools, such as simple and structured variables, iterations and so on. The learning activities are based on challenging small groups of students to solve programming exercises of increasing difficulty.


Currently, students are not interesting in reading and seldom come to library by using the documentation and low utilization. This paper analyzes the current situation and causes for the college students 'reading and proposes to build a platform to promote reading by " Quality Forum" program, which makes reading efficiently and sustainable development.


Reversible solid oxide cells (ReSOCs) are an energy conversion technology that can be used to either produce power from fuel when electricity is needed (fuel cell mode), or produce fuel from electricity when excess energy is available (electrolysis mode). By leveraging C-O-H reaction chemistry and operating at intermediate temperatures, these cells can be mildly exothermic in both operating modes, eliminating the need for external heat input or high over-potential operation during electrolysis. Tanked storage of fuel (H2, CO, CH4) and exhaust (H2O, CO2) allows ReSOC systems to provide stand-alone electrical energy storage services. However, tanks are inherently dynamic, and balance-of-plant hardware such as heat exchangers and compressors must be selected to operate efficiently in both modes. This work assesses the effects of tank dynamics and hardware off-design behavior on system design, performance, and cost for a 100 kW/800 kWh ReSOC system operating with a 16hour round-trip cycle, suitable for distributed energy applications. A novel floating piston storage tank that allows near-constant storage pressure and reduced overall tank volume is proposed and modeled, and off-design performance of balance-of-plant components is evaluated through the use of performance maps and flow correlations. Optimization is employed to minimize the levelized cost of storage (LCOS). These efforts determined that the floating piston tank concept significantly reduces the impact of tank dynamics on system design and performance, allowing efficient and reversible operation. Additionally, separate storage of water as a liquid yields lower costs and improved hardware compatibility relative to a system configuration that stores water as vapor with other exhaust gases. ReSOC system optimization indicates that a pressurized stack system with pre-storage water removal accomplishes a levelized storage cost of 16.4 ¢/kWh-cycle, an energy density of 100 kWh/m, and round trip efficiency of 68.8%. These results are shown to compare well with re-dox flow and conventional battery technologies.


The last two decades have seen the emergence of discourses that depict climate change as a major threat to security. This thesis seeks to explore the consequences of using security narratives to speak about climate change. Focusing on the EU as a case study, the thesis aims to answer two central questions. First, has the climate change and international security discourse become dominant in the way climate change is conceptualised in the EU? Second, has this discourse solidified in concrete policies or institutional arrangements? To this end, I use Maarten Hajer's framework for discourse analysis, which enables the uncovering of the narratives, metaphors and storylines through which climate change is being constructed as a security problem, but also the institutional consequences following from such discourse. I argue that, in the EU, the storyline that depicts climate change as a 'threat multiplier' has managed to gain considerable influence in the EU climate change, and security discursive spaces. While other conceptualisations of the climate problem co-exist, EU climate actors now accept that climate change should be viewed as a security issue. At the same time, EU security actors now include climate change in their comprehensive definition of security. Regarding the policy consequences of the discourse, I contend that these are mainly visible in the context of external climate policies, as the security dimension of climate change is now part of EU climate diplomacy strategies. In addition, climate change considerations have been increasingly included in the EU's comprehensive approach to external conflicts and crises. These findings, I argue, can shed some light on the normative debate over the securitisation of climate change as a positive or negative concept.


In this paper, the current situation of drilling data use is firstly summarized. For the fact that it is lack of drilling data sharing, the engineering drilling information system (EDIS) is developed based on web platform. The B/S network architecture of EDIS has been described, and emphases is put on the design of system's database and its function modules, as well as related technologies for implementing the system. At the end of this article, an algorithm for dynamically drawing the borehole profiles has been given.


A Volumetric segmentation method is disclosed for brain region analysis, in particular but not limited to, regions of the basal ganglia Such as the subthalamic nucleus (STN). This serves for visualization and localization within the Sub-cortical region of the basal ganglia, as an example of prediction of a region of interest for deep brain stimulation procedures. A statistical shape model is applied for variation modes of the STN, or the corresponding regions of interest, and its predictors on high-quality training sets obtained from high-field, e.g., 7T, MR imaging. The partial least squares regression (PLSR) method is applied to induce the spatial relationship between the region to be predicted, e.g., STN, and its predictors. The prediction accuracy for validating the invention is evaluated by measuring the shape similarity and the errors in position, size, and orientation between manu ally segmented STN and its predicted one.


The purpose of this paper is to research about the possibility to identify a legal dogma body in mining taxation and to show a certain disciplinary unity of Mining Tax Law, as a particular area of Tax Law with a strong link to Mining Law and Economic Law, among others characteristics. To do so, it explains specific problems, concepts, and categories that are usually dealt with by the law that regulate this industry. That is, use the method of legal doctrine in Comparative Law. This report is exploratory and does not pursue to present definitive or closed conclusions, because it is the first paper of a line of research that the authors have been working for some years. Given the extent allowed to this class of work, evidence of such disciplinary identity will be presented rather than adequately formulating a general theory of mining tax law.


This study aims at determining the teaching materials needed by marketing students at SMKN 1 Kota Bengkulu and analyzing students' needs in learning English at SMKN 1 Kota Bengkulu. The subjects of this study were thirty four students of grade 10 students at SMKN 1 Kota Bengkulu. There were 34 students who participated in this research gathered by using purposive sampling The research method in this research was descriptive qualitative, and the instruments used in data collection were questionnaires, interviews and documentation. The results showed that teaching materials that have not been specific and English learning materials that are still general in nature, and ESP material have not yet available at SMKN 1 Kota Bengkulu. Second, the data indicated that the English language skill most needed by marketing students was speaking, and they claimed speaking was a useful skill to support their future work. In conclusion, this study recommends teachers at SMKN 1 Kota Bengkulu to pay more attention to the students 'needs in learning English as solution to improve their abilities in learning English.


Chinese and foreign literature in the history of the family novel has become a literary motif;in Chinese contemporary literature the development of novel family has a history.While restoring the defails of the history of the Xia in Qia Opera,Jia Pingwa presented a deep thinking of its characteristics: to play down the family,marriage resolution,the spirit of inquiry and the attribution of the family keep the spirit of the resolution.


Aesthetic value does not exist objectively in the work of art itself but IS constituted in the reception of the work of art by the...


This article examines digital media debate over sexual violence by analyzing news reports and reader comments on the rape allegations against WikiLeaks founder, Julian Assange. Through analysis of the Guardian and New York Times, the article shows how this case became a flash-point for debate about feminist constructions of sexual violence. News reports amplified Assange's defense that the allegations stemmed from feminist influence on Swedish law and would not be criminalized in England, provoking feminist and anti-feminist commentary. Thus, this article illuminates the salience of feminist constructions of sexual violence for digital news and points to broader social contestation over the meaning of rape fostered by digital media.


The effects of sea bloom on gill primary lamellae of the teleost, young yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) were investigated from the morphological and histochemical point of view. Mucous goblet cells located on the afferent ridge were significantly impaired by the sea bloom (Gymnodinium), while they were intact on the efferent ridge. Most of the mucous cells epxosed to the sea bloom disappeared from the afferent ridge, and a few rudimental cells remained. Histochemically, these mucous cells contained neutral glycoproteins. Electronmicroscopically, the surface of the afferent ridge exposed to sea bloom was covered entirely with the pavement cells. These observations may have relevance to the manner in which the toxic effects of sea bloom on the teleost are mediated.


Prior to the commencement of deregulation from 1
July 2000, the Australian Dairy Research and
Development Corporation conducted a large-scale
telephone survey of 1826 Australian dairy farms to
examine the current on-farm management
practices in relation to milk production and farm
and farmer demographics. The questionnaire
results from the 214 dairy farms in the sub-tropical
region of South East Queensland and Northern
New South Wales were analysed (Zamykal et al.
2007) to uncover those significant inputs that
affect milk production.


The Cu L α,β , O K a , and F α x-ray spectra of Nd 2-x Ce x CuO 4 and Nd 2 CuO 3.6 F 0.4 are presented. It is found that doping with Ce or F and reduction lead to the formation of Cu + ions. The O K α difference spectra of Nd 2-x Ce x CuO 4 (x¬=;0) and Nd 2 CuO 4 exhibit a charge-density redistribution from Cu-O to Ce-O bonds. Fluorine ions are introduced into oxygen sites in Nd 2 O 2 layers


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&NA; Effective stakeholder engagement is an essential, but commonly overlooked, component of the ecosystem approach. In this article, we draw lessons from two European Union LIFE+ (LIFE is the European Union's financial instrument supporting environmental, nature conservation and climate action projects throughout the EU.) funded projects led by WWF‐UK: PISCES (Partnerships Involving Stakeholders in the Celtic sea EcoSystem) and the Celtic Seas Partnership to present an approach for effective stakeholder engagement. These projects developed steps to operationalise the ecosystem approach within the context of a key piece of European legislation: the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD, 2008/56/EC). We identified an approach for involving stakeholders in delivery of the ecosystem approach, which can be applied to other areas and contexts. The approach involves four steps:Identify a relevant policy framework and the role of stakeholders in its implementation and identify or agree environmental, social and economic objectives for the area.Create an open, neutral, cross‐sectoral forum and design an engagement process that creates a "safe" and inclusive space, and is facilitated independently.Demystify terminology and develop a shared vision or principles through an engagement processCollaboratively develop management actions that are needed to achieve objectives and implement them.


The P2X7 receptor has been widely studied for its ATP‐induced pro‐inflammatory effect, but in the absence of a ligand, P2X7 has a second function as a scavenger receptor, which is active in the development of the human brain. The scavenger activity of P2X7 is only evident in the absence of serum but is fully active in cerebrospinal fluid. P2X7 on the cell surface is present as a membrane complex, and an attachment to non‐muscle myosin of the cytoskeleton is required for particle engulfment. Selective antagonists of P2X7 pro‐inflammatory function have little effect on phagocytosis, but inheritance of a variant haplotype spanning the P2RX7 and P2RX4 genes has been associated with loss of P2X7‐mediated phagocytosis. Recent studies in mice suggest that the innate phagocytosis mediated by P2X7 receptors declines with ageing. Thus, defective P2X7‐mediated phagocytosis may contribute to age‐related neuro‐degenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, age‐related macular degeneration and primary progressive multiple sclerosis.


ABSTRACT The comfortability of fabric is essential for improving its wearability, and several properties affect the comfort. Assessment and selection of the best cotton fabrics among these properties involving fuzziness and uncertainty are regarded as a multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. This research proposed the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) approach under Pythagorean fuzzy sets (PFSs) context to select the best cotton fabric among these properties. The PFSs are used to handle uncertain information on cotton fabrics, and the TOPSIS approach is applied to choose the best cotton fabric. Since the distance measure is a critical factor of TOPSIS, a sensitivity analysis with different parameter settings for the distance measure is performed to investigate the ranking effects. A comparative analysis is conducted between the Hamming and Euclidean distance measurements and sine trigonometric Pythagorean fuzzy weighted average and geometric aggregation operators. The comparative results have significantly high correlation coefficients with other distance measures and aggregation operators. The novelties of the proposed approach are that it not only can offer objective evaluations but also can be easily calculated and obtain reliable and reasonable results, and it can be applied to other textile areas.


Constructive Analysis and Nonstandard Analysis are often characterized as completely antipodal approaches to analysis. We discuss the possibility of capturing the central notion of Constructive Analysis (i.e. algorithm, finite procedure or explicit construction) by a simple concept inside Nonstandard Analysis. To this end, we introduce Omega-invariance and argue that it partially satisfies our goal. Our results provide a dual approach to Erik Palmgren's development of Nonstandard Analysis inside constructive mathematics.


Image compression is the emerging field to transmit the multimedia products like image, video and audio. Image compression is used to reduce the storage quantity as much as possible. The objective of this paper is to compare the multiscale transform based image compression encoding techniques. The multiscale transforms involved in this paper are wavelet transform, bandelet transform, curvelet transform, ridgelet transform and contourlet transform. Wavelet transform allows good localization both in time and frequency domain. Bandelet transform takes geometric regularity of the natural images to improve the efficiency of representation. Curvelet transform handles curve discontinuities well. Curvelets are the good tool for the analysis and the computation of partial differential equations. Curvelets also have micro local features which make them especially adapted to certain reconstruction problems with missing data. The ridgelet transform is the core idea behind curvelet transform. It is used to represent objects with line singularities. The contourlet transform gets smooth contours and edges at any orientation. It filters noise as well. The Encoding techniques involved in this paper are spatial orientation tree wavelet (STW), set partitioned embedded block (SPECK) and compression with reversible embedded wavelet (CREW). The performance parameters such as peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), image quality index and structural similarity index (SSIM) are used for the purpose of evaluation. It is found that bandelet transform with all the encoding techniques work well.


As we known, some fish species are infected by betanodavirus such as grouper, which results in severe mortality and significant economic losses on the aquaculture industry. In previous studies, RGNNV can induce necrotic cell death via mitochondrial membrane (MMP) loss in grouper cells. The RGNNV B1 is belonging to early expression gene which plays a crucial role on anti-apoptotic function and reduces viral replication. But, whether B1 overexpression can regulate ROS is still unknown. And how to reduce cell death with virus infection is also unclear. In this study, we found that the B1 can induce superoxide anion (O2- ) production at 12h. And then the B1 can up-regulate some anti-oxidant enzymes such as Cu/Zn SOD, Mn SOD, catalase and arrest the cell cycle via oxidative stress response. On the other hand, the B1 can reduce cell death with treat H2O2, tBHQ (H2O2 inducer) and Act D (Actinomycin D), an apoptosis inducer. Furthermore, we still don't know whether B1 protein targeting into nucleus is correlative to anti-death function. In the result, we found that B1 targeting into nucleus can correlate to B1 function. Finally, we analyzed the transcription level by cDNA microarray after EYFP-B1 transfection and try to find some hint for ROS and anti-cell death studies. In the result, the B1 protein may play a multifunction roles, which not only arrest cell cycle but also induce ROS production and cell death. This first finding may provide an insight into the molecular pathogenesis of betanodavirus infection in future. Keywords: Betanodavirus, nonstructural protein B1, reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress respone, anti-oxidant enzyme, cell cycle arrest, anti-apoptosis.


Humans are a vision-dominated species; what we perceive depends on where we look. Therefore, eye movements (EMs) are essential to our interactions with the environment, and experimental findings show EMs are affected in neurodegenerative disorders (ND). This could be a reason for some cognitive and movement disorders in ND. Therefore, we aim to establish whether changes in EM-evoked responses can tell us about the progression of ND, such as Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's diseases (PD), in different stages. In the present review, we have analyzed the results of psychological, neurological, and EM (saccades, antisaccades, pursuit) tests to predict disease progression with machine learning (ML) methods. Thanks to ML algorithms, from the high-dimensional parameter space, we were able to find significant EM changes related to ND symptoms that gave us insights into ND mechanisms. The predictive algorithms described use various approaches, including granular computing, Naive Bayes, Decision Trees/Tables, logistic regression, C-/Linear SVC, KNC, and Random Forest. We demonstrated that EM is a robust biomarker for assessing symptom progression in PD and AD. There are navigation problems in 3D space in both diseases. Consequently, we investigated EM experiments in the virtual space and how they may help find neurodegeneration-related brain changes, e.g., related to place or/and orientation problems. In conclusion, EM parameters with clinical symptoms are powerful precision instruments that, in addition to their potential for predictions of ND progression with the help of ML, could be used to indicate the different preclinical stages of both diseases.


The purpose of this design experiment was to research, test, and iteratively derive principles of word learning and word organization that could help to theoretically advance our understanding of vocabulary development for low-income preschoolers. Six Head Start teachers in morning and afternoon programs and their children (N = 89) were selected to participate in the World of Words, a 12-min daily supplemental vocabulary intervention; six classes (N = 89) served as a comparison group. Our questions addressed whether the difficulty of words influenced the acquisition and retention of words and whether learning words in taxonomies might support vocabulary development and inference generation. We addressed these questions in two design phases for a total intervention period of 16 weeks. Pre- and post-unit assessments measured children's expressive language gains, categorical development, and inference generation. Significant differences were recorded between treatment and comparison groups on word knowledge and category development. Furthermore, children in the treatment group demonstrated the ability to infer beyond what was specifically taught. These results suggest that instructional design features may work to accelerate word learning for low-income children.


Abstract An analysis is presented which allows the spectral linewidth of a light source with a pure Gaussian or a pure Lorentzian spectral profile to be calculated from the measured visibility of the transmission fringes of a scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer. The linewidth is expressed in terms of the free spectral range of the interferometer and hence the result is general and may be applied to any interferometer. The relationship between fringe visibility and spectral linewidth has an analytic form for complete profiles. In addition, the method is applied to truncated spectral profiles, which may provide a more appropriate model for the spectral profile of some lasers, and the differences are characterized. Linewidths up to 2 times the free spectral range for Lorentzian and 1·3 times for Gaussian envelopes are measurable using these techniques.


Aneurysmal bone cysts are benign active or aggressive bone lesions that commonly arise in the long bones, especially the femur, tibia and humerus and in the posterior elements of the spine. They are extremely rare, occurring in 1.5 per one million people per year. They most commonly occur in the metaphysis of long bones during the first two decades of life and usually present with pain, swelling or fracture. The etiology of aneursymal bone cysts is unknown, but numerous authors have proposed that they form in response to vascular disruption in the bone due to a pre-existing primary tumor or a traumatic insult. The early rate of growth of aneursymal bone cysts is also unknown. We wanted to share this case to show the destructive effects of aneursymal bone cysts.


It is shown that high resolution imaging is possible by use of a reference star that is separated wider than the isoplanatic angle from an object under observation. A shift-and-add operation to the reference star results in a high resolution image of an object, though not diffraction-limited. Observational results of a binary star with angular separation of 22" indicate that a simple adaptive optics system is feasible in the visible region.


The aim of this article is to exhibit prison vocabulary and phraseology included in Praktyczny słownik współczesnej polszczyzny [The Practical dictionary of modern Polish language], ed. H. Zgółkowa as well as present the semantic analysis of the lexis. On the basis of the collected materials, it has been concluded that the basic characteristic of prison lexis is a substantial narrowing of the world view. However, thematic vocabulary related to living conditions – taking into account the poverty of designata – is very rich. Many vocabulary items used in prison jargon are emotionally loaded, which testifies to subjective and evaluative character. The language of prisoners is abundant in expressive vocabulary, which in fact is already known in the general language, but here, it receives new, usually metaphorical, meaning.


The invention discloses a method and a system for monitoring access of a remote agent. The method comprises the following steps: an access gateway receives an access request sent by a remote agent for requesting to access a call center system, wherein the access request includes an access account; whether the access request is an illegal access request not in conformity with scheduling information is identified according to the preset scheduling information of the remote agent and based on the access account, wherein the scheduling information includes the access account and the work period of the remote agent; and that the access request is an illegal access request is responded and the illegal access request is refused through the access gateway. Based on the technical scheme provided by the invention, remote agent access control can be carried out by aiming at the service characteristics of the call center and according to specific scheduling information, and monitoring management on remote service access is enhanced.


ABSTRACTThe phenomenon used as the object of research is the empowerment of hinterland community in Batam City. The objectives of the research are (1) to analyze of the influence of the policy implementation of change village statute toward the empowerment of hinterland community; (2) to analyze of the influence of village master leadership toward the empowerment of hinterland community; (3) to analyze of the influence of the policy implementation of change village statute and village master leadership together toward the empowerment of hinterland community; (4) Obtain a new concept from discussion of influence of the policy implementation of change village statute toward the empowerment of hinterland community; (5) Obtain a new concept from the influence of the village master leadership toward the empowerment of hinterland community. The research used quantitative research approach; A sample of 220 respondents taken from a population of 1574 people using sample size SEM; Data collection using literature study, interview and observation techniques; Data analysis using SEM Analysis and Regression Analysis. The conclusions are the following: The amount of influence of the policy implementation of change village statute toward the empowerment of hinterland community reaches 0,65, is determined by content of policy and context of Implementation.The amount of influence of village master leadership toward the empowerment of hinterland community reaches 0.54, is determined by personality, role, organization, task, values, and setting. Therefore, influence of the policy implementation of change village statute and village master leadership together toward the empowerment of hinterland community. New Concept derived from the discussion of influence of the policy implementation of change village statute toward the empowerment of hinterland community is the new concept I about context implementation of basic government policy. New Concept derived from the discussion of influence of the village master leadership toward the empowerment of hinterland community is the new concept IIabout bureaucracy leadership behavior setting.
Keywords: policy implementation, village master leadership, community empowerment


This paper describes the implementation of a supervisory framework for monitoring and verification of energy resources compatible with a standardized energy management system, including energy use and consumption requirements, as well as documentation, communication, best practices of project, equipment procurement, systems, processes and human resources involved in energy performance. The strategy of energy use analysis proposed in this work is based on the methodology of monitoring and targeting that consists of a systematic approach in the use of energy resources in order to achieve the best economic result through the permanent management of energy consumption. In addition, it was proposed the inclusion of this methodology as a procedure in the planning phase of ISO50001 standard, which establishes the concepts for implementation of energy management systems. In order to integrate the tools associated with this scenario, this platform includes the use of a supervisory system associated with an software (Soft-PLC) that executes the control application of energy use in an industrial environment with distributed automation compatible with IEC61131 standard. The results arising from the adoption of an automation based platform to energy management include high flexibility, adaptability and usability of the system. Furthermore, an automation project in this scenario of open platform tends to introduce lower development and deployment costs.


The recent credit crunch, and liquidity deterioration, in the mortgage market have led to falling house prices and foreclosure levels unprecedented since the Great Depression. A critical factor in the post-2003 house price bubble was the interaction of financial engineering and the deteriorating lending standards in real estate markets, which fed onto each other, and caused an unsustainable rise in prices, and then collapse. Empirical evidence points to amplification in the correction of real estate prices as the direct result of the end of access to under-priced financing. Thus the pro-cyclicality of lending standards has been the driving factor in both the housing boom and subsequent collapse.


The reconstruction of Holocene coastal environments, and ultimately relative sealevel changes, normally utilises a range of microfossil proxies, such as diatoms, foraminifera and pollen. As microfossils are sometimes poorly preserved, sparse or absent from coastal sediments, this thesis assesses the potential of using 6 13C and ON analysis of sedimentary organic material as a possible alternative. Modern high inter-tidal and sub-tidal surface sediments of the Inner Mersey Estuary, UK, reveal distinctly different 613C values, with variation in ON ratios also evident, reflecting changes in the dominant source of organic matter in relation to ground elevation within the tidal frame. Despite decomposition effects, the relationship between ground elevation, 813C and C/N, is preserved in the sediment record, with a gradual increase in S13C and a decrease in C/N from supra-tidal, through to inter-tidal and to sub-tidal environments. Holocene variations in 813C and C/N are compared with coastal palaeoenvironmental changes inferred from microfossil evidence and show a good correspondence. Although 813C and ON are not as accurate as microfossil indicators in terms of coastal palaeoenvironmental reconstruction, they may be applied successfully in the field of relative sea-level reconstruction by helping to verify sea-level index points when microfossils are absent. This is demonstrated by employing 813C and C/N analysis as part of a multi-proxy investigation into the Holocene evolution of the Inner Mersey Estuary, which was found to follow the tripartite model of estuarine evolution common to other UK estuaries. Early Holocene expansion and Mid Holocene contraction of the coastal zone was driven by changes in the rate of regional RSL rise, and a possible increase in terrigenous sediment flux in the Late Holocene may have allowed the re-establishment of lower inter-tidal conditions. These processes resulted in the observed minerogenicorganic-minerogenic sediment structures, which is the characteristic sedimentstacking pattern of estuarine deposits associated with the tripartite model of


The high level of income inequality in the United States is at the forefront of policy attention. This paper focuses on one potential policy response: an increase in the top personal income tax rate. We conduct a simulation analysis using the Tax Policy Center (TPC) microsimulation model to determine how much of a reduction in income inequality would be achieved from increasing the top individual tax rate to as much as 50 percent. We calculate the resulting change in income inequality assuming an explicit redistribution of all new revenue to households in the bottom 20 percent of the income distribution. The resulting effects on overall income inequality are exceedingly modest.


Background: Nepeta menthoides Boiss & Buhse is a species from Lamiaceae family. It is used as a herbal medicine with common name "Ostokhodus" in Iranian traditional and folk medicine but there is not enough information about its quality and quantity control methods. Objective: In this study we use micromorphological and phytochemical evaluations for qualitative and quantitative control of N. menthoides powder. Methods: Macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, phytochemical screening and flavonol quantification were done on N. menthoides powder. Results: Results showed that all of these assessments can use as quality control parameters for authentication of N. menthoides, particularly micromorphological specifications. Conclusion: Our study shows the importance of micromorphological evaluation in authentication of this herbal medicine but further investigations are needed to complete these data.


Artificial intelligence systems have been improving for a decade (Sanders, 1999) and new advances in machine intelligence may not be far away. Ambient-intelligence has been developing to create seamless interactions between people and digital systems (Riva et al., 2005). These electro-mechanical systems will be personalized and responsive to people. In industrial research, a less human and more system-centred definition of ambient-intelligence is emerging but industrial use is limited (Stokic et al., 2007). Although the introduction of ambient-intelligence into assembly and manufacturing is slow (Sanders et al., 2008), it promises to bring improvements in flexibility, reconfigurability and reliability.


Summary form only given, as follows. In Plasma Source Ion Implantation (PSII) a target is immersed in a plasma and a train of high negative voltage pulses is applied to accelerate ions into the target and to modify the properties in the near surface region. In PSII, until now we have been using gaseous species to generate plasmas. However metal ion plasma may be used to modify the surface properties of material for industrial applications. Conventionally the ion implantation of metal ions is performed using beam line accelerators which have complex engineering and high cost. The employment of a metal are source to PSII has tremendous potential due to its ability to process the conformal surfaces, simple engineering and cost effectiveness. We have installed metal arc source for generation of titanium plasma. Currently, we investigating the properties of titanium plasma material behavior of titanium implanted aluminum and 52100 steel. The recent results of this investigation are presented.


Microalgae and cyanobacteria have come forward as promising feedstocks for multiproduct biorefineries for the provision of a broad variety of biobased products to be used within the food, feed, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, agriculture, biotech industry, environmental health, and are believed to be one of the leading food sources of the human [1]. Keeping in view their substantial potential, algal centers, culture collection banks, and focused labs are established across the globe, and microalgal research as an alternative food/feed, and biopharma products has skyrocketed during a previous couple of decades [2, 3]. This special issue was proposed to collect recent advances, and emerging trends in the field of microalgae and cyanobacteria with a special focus on algae‐derived bioactive compounds having pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. This special issue contains 10 research and review articles collected from eminent research groups focusing on microalgae and cyanobacteria to exploit these valuable biological resources for industrial and environmental applications. Among the articles published in this special issue, Rajput et al. (this issue) reported that an optimized combination of cultivation conditions including nutrition (nitrogen, phosphorous, salts) and light quality, improved the biosynthesis carotenoids in their newly isolated strain Scenedesmus quadricauda PUMCC 4.1.40. Ejaz et al. (this issue) evaluate the pharmacological potential of N‐([1,1ʹ‐biaryl]−4‐yl)−1‐ naphthamide‐based scaffolds. Kumar et al. (this issue) reviewed the algae‐based ketocarotenoid astanxanthin as a super biopharma product for diverse applications including aquaculture, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, therapeutics, and cosmetics. Saeed et al., Kapoor et al., and Hassan et al. (this issue) systematically reviewed the literature focused on the bioprospecting of microalgae and cyanobacteria to explore the bioactive compounds having antibacterial, anticancer, antiviral, antifungal, and antioxidant properties. Hassan et al. (this issue) emphasized that a comprehensive knowledge of the exploration, extraction, screening, and trading of bioactive products from microalgae and cyanobacteria will open new avenues for bioprospecting and drug discovery in future. Shahid et al. (this issue) reviewed cyanobacteria‐derived metabolites for their potential as possible anticancer compounds. Nag et al. (this issue) reviewed the literature focused on the evaluation of microalgae‐derived bioactive compounds for their potential applications ton control microbial biofilms. They mentioned that around 225 microalgae and cyanobacteria species have shown to produce antibiofilm bioactive metabolites, which indicates the remarkable potential of microalgae and cyanobacteria to control microbial pathogens through inhibiting the biofilm formation. Hosseini et al. (this issue) focused on the bioprospecting of marine microalgae for their biotechnological applications, while marine sources are being considered as promising resource owing the huge photosynthetic efficiency occurring in the oceans. They also discussed the economic feasibility and legal aspects of marine and highlighted the shortcomings of international laws. Based on the findings for the published literature and original research articles published in this special issue provided a better picture of the promising potential of the microalgae and cyanobacteria in the biopharma industries. Among various possible applications, microalgae and cyanobacteria have shown promising potential to become feedstock to produce alternative protein‐rich food and feed for human and animals. Besides, algal‐derived bioactive compounds could be exploited to develop renewable bioproducts for antimicrobial, antiaging, anticancer, and nutraceutical applications. However, researchers should focus to establish contamination‐free cultivation, robust harvesting, and efficient extraction procedures in the future. Employing the Internet of things (IoT) to establish sophisticated cultivation strategies could help to improve the quality of algae‐derived bioproducts in future.


Although pre-entry experience is widely regarded as a critical asset that positively influences new entrant performance, empirical support is mixed. To address this inconsistency, we conduct a meta-analysis of the empirical findings in 272 papers. We draw theoretically on the organizational learning literature to argue that the pre-entry experience–new entrant performance relationship is contingent on the characteristics of pre-entry experience, the environmental context of the new entrant, and the interaction between the two. In particular, we examine the effects of two levels of pre-entry experience (firm and founder), four types of founder-level pre-entry experience (entrepreneurial, managerial, industry, and functional experience), and two types of environments (industry and institutional). The meta-analysis results show a significant and positive correlation between founder-level pre-entry experience and economic performance of 0.07. Likewise, the failure rates of spinouts and diversifying entrants are 11% lower than that of start-ups. The moderating analysis results show that the correlation of founder-level pre-entry experience and economic performance is lower in knowledge- or technology-intensive (KTI) industries and higher in low-KTI manufacturing and service industries. The correlation is also higher in institutional environments with high power distance and individualism. These findings provide compelling new evidence for the importance of pre-entry experience and advance our understanding of the boundary conditions on the pre-entry experience–new entrant performance relationship.


Clinical, radiological, and pathological findings of the occupational disease, asbestosis, have been presented. This disease must be grouped with silicosis as a very serious pneumonoconiosis. The average length of employment in fatal cases is only one-half that of silicosis. A diagnosis, which is most likely to be made during the winter months, when acute respiratory complications occur, must depend upon a combination of factors: (a) opportunities for inhaling asbestos dust; (b) the occurrence of asbestosis bodies in the sputum; (c) clinical and radiological findings of fine diffuse, pulmonary fibrosis commencing at the bases; the characteristic radiological findings are probably the most important reliable single piece of evidence in early diagnosis. The clinical features of the disease indicate that the onset of symptoms usually occur after some five to ten years of exposure to the dust; the degree of dyspnœa and emaciation, the complexion, the absence of haemoptysis, and the very scanty expectoration, a...


The major criteria for selection of improved forage varieties for ruminants have been to optimize yield and digestibility along with the need to minimise disease susceptibility and maintain other agronomic traits (Beever 1993). Relatively little regard has been given to the deliberate selection and breeding of plants for other components of feeding value for ruminants. Feed quality (digestibility, protein and fibre content) and presence of anti-nutritional factors are major determinants of animal performance and grazing preference. It is important to ensure that new releases of pasture legumes have desirable feed qualities and do not contain compounds that cause illness or taint animal products, eg. coumerins, tannins and cyanogens. This study aims to characterise a diverse range of alternative perennial pasture legumes for quality and anti-nutritional characters and to demonstrate the variation that exists within and between these plant species with a view for exploitation through selection and breeding. Whole plants were sampled from the Department of Agriculture (WA) Perennial Pasture Legume Breeding Program at Medina, 30kms south of Perth. Representative samples were taken from approximately 100 accessions, ranging across 27 species, in June and October 2000. Samples were analysed for in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), crude protein (CP), and tannin content.


Despite the focused attention of improvements achieved by the NLP community on various language-related issues of knowledge representation, knowledge representation has not been satisfactorily achieved. This paper focuses on five axes. The first axis deals with presenting a structured repre sentation of linguistic knowledge of natural language sentences through the Universal Networking Language (UNL) framework. The second axis deals with applying the UNL knowledge representation system on Arabic examples illustrating how effective the UNL system in representing Arabic morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics. The third axis highlights the available corpora of the UNL. The fourth axis highlights the potential applications of the current knowledge representation system in the fields of information extraction, summarization and other applications that seek an understanding of natural language input. The fifth and final axis deals with the eval uation of the UNL system output.


1. The retroreflector of the road dividing barrier is made integral, and also contains a base and side working walls, which are connected at one end to opposite ends of the base, reflective film optical elements are fixed on the outer planes of the working walls, characterized in that the side working walls are rigidly interconnected and have a transverse stiffening rib with a recess, a through hole is made at the base, which is associated with a pair of bulges on the lower surface of the base. 2. A retroreflector according to claim 1, characterized in that the hole in the base is open. 3. The retroreflector according to claim 2, characterized in that the hole is made in a square shape. 4. A retroreflector according to claim 1, characterized in that the side working walls are made in the form of a trapezoid. 5. The reflector according to claim 1, characterized in that the side working walls are made in the form of rectangles.


In 15 combinations of growing sandalwood with other plant species the incidence of insect pests and their predators were observed for two years from 2014 to 2015 in Karnataka. The more diversified areas recorded more species of insect pests and natural enemies but the severity of the infestations were less and resulted in no insecticidal application. In less diversified areas the severity of sap suckers and stem borers were more often seen and resulted in undertaking control measures. An analysis of sapsuckers and defoliators with the natural enemies like coccinellids, mantids and spiders showed positive linear relationship between pest and predators. The findings demonstrated that habitat diversification in growing sandalwood is an ideal option to manage the insect pest problems.


Lyme disease belongs to the group of natural-focus zoonoses. It is transmitted through activity of tick from genus Ixodes, which is transmitter of bacterium Borellia burgdorferi. Although this disease is thoroughly studied, significance of Lyme disese problem is not precisely determined in many countries where it was registered. This problem specifically concerns some of European countries, and it is caused by existence of several serotypes that initiate Lyme disease. Diagnostic of Lyme disease is based on three criteria: clinical manifestation, data that confirm thick bite and serological method, while serological diagnostic is only confirmation of clinical diagnostic. In praxis, most of cases is registered using only first and second criteria. In Serbia and most of the countries from the region Lyme disease is serologicaly confirmed by the test of indirect immunofluorescence or using ELISA test. In here presented study Lanthanide Immunofluorescence Analysis was used for detection of seroprevalence on Lyme disease in healthy population of Serbia. The presence of antibodies specific for group antigen of Borrelia burgdorferi was determined in 40,76% of population of Tutin, 4,54% of population of Kosovska Mitrovica, while there was no positive cases in the population of Krusevac. Obtained results on seroprevalence of population of Serbia are significantly higher comparing to official data of registered cases of Lyme disease obtained using ELISA test. Lanthanide Immunofluorescence Analysis is recommended as a method of choice for confirmation of Lyme disease diagnostic.