Objective To investigate the retroperitoneal lymph nodes involvement in for nodal in ovarian carcinoma and the influence factors.Methods We studied 89 patients with ovarian carcinoma underwent systematic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection on the pelvic and para-aortic areas.Results Overall incidence of retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis was 23 cases.The case number of lymph node metastasis by stage was 3 in stage Ⅰ,3 in stage Ⅱ,12 in stage Ⅲ and 5 in stage Ⅳ.There was a clear relationship between clinical stage and incidence of lymph node metastasis(P0.01).The positivity rates for PAN and PLN were 5.9% and 0% in stage Ⅰ,23.1% and 7.7% in stage Ⅱ,55.6% and 33.3% in stage Ⅲ and 71.4% and 42.9% in stage Ⅳ,respectively.Lymph node metastasis to each area was correlated with clinical stage(P0.01 for both PAN and PLN).Twenty-three of 89 patients had lymph node metastasis.Of these,12 had only PAN metastasis,3 had only PLN metastasis and 8 had nodal involvement in both areas.PAN was most frequently metastasized by ovarian carcinoma,with rates of 15(16.9%) for PAN superior to IMA and 13(14.6%) for PAN inferior to IMA.Positive rates for lymph node groups related to the iliac vessels,i.e.,the common iliac 8(9%),external iliac 7(7.9%),lateral deep inguinal 6(6.7%) and obturator node 5(5.6%).Conclusion The overall incidence of lymph node metastasis include PAN and PLN were correlated with clinical stage,and PAN metastasis were independent risk factors for PLN metastasis(P0.01).PAN was the fi rst site of lymph node involvement in epithelial ovarian carcinoma.


Histopathological findings Histopathological examination showed invasion of the dermis by pleomorphic cells that line irregular channels which dissect the connective tissue. Some channels contain red blood cells. The pleomorphic cells are large with hyperchromatic nuclei and protrude into the vascular lumina. Immunohistochemical study demonstrated positivity of the neoplastic cells for factor VIII related antigen, CD31 and CD34. Moderately [...]


In this article the ancient and modern social work in Russia was analyzed. The author shows the history of social work in Saratov's region since XVIII Century. Materials on the data of the rich actual sources including archives were prepared.


Feng You-lan was an important scholar in the field of the academic history of the Qing Dynasty.With vision of "pure philosophy",Feng tried to summarize and revaluate the philosophy and academic history of the Qing Dynasty clearly.As other scholars,he din not only think the Qing Dynasty sinology contributes much to philosophical thought,but also its methodology was very troublesome.But,in fact,the Qing Dynasty learning contains rich philosophy thought as well as its science in methodology.The Qing Dynasty sinology represents one kind of new typical thought and its pattern different from the predecessors.This essay considers that Feng You-lan's Neo-Confucianism standpoint and the history model of"pure philosophy"cannot reveal completely the Qing Dynasty philosophy.


Purpose:To investigate the therapeutic effect of Qi extending affected parts for treatment of contusion of superior clunial nerve.Methods:120 cases of contusion of superior clunial nerve were divided into Qi extending affected parts group and routine acupuncture group.Results:The cured rate in the Qi extending affected parts group was better than that of routine acupuncture group ( P 0.01).Conclusion:Qi extending affected parts is an effective method for theatment of contusion of superior clunial nerve.


The paper shows how urbanization, the world trends and Russian specifics determine the sources and limitations to economic development in Russia. We present our analysis of the data concerning RF federal units to show how economic growth and urbanization depend on each other. We can conclude that still there are few urbanization sources left in the Russian economy, though the effects of a large city proved to be small.


Shock-driven annealing of pyroxene and shock deformation of olivine were analyzed in a recently found H chondrite called Csatalja. The most characteristic infrared (IR) spectral shape of shock-annealed sub-grained pyroxene was identified: the strongest peak occurs at 860 cm−1 with a smaller shoulder at 837−840 cm−1, and small bands are at 686, 635−638, and 1,044−1,050 cm−1. The appearance of forbidden bands in pyroxene and shift of band positions to a lower wave number in olivines clearly demonstrate the crystal lattice disordering due to shock metamorphism. The shock annealing produced mixed dark melt along fractures, which consists of feldspar−pyroxene and olivine−pyroxene melt. The dark shock melt at sub-grain boundaries of shocked pyroxenes and along fracture of pyroxenes is characterized by elevated Ca, Na, and Al content relative to its environment, detected by element mapping. So far, shock deformation of pyroxene and olivine was not studied by IR spectroscopy; this method has turned out to be a po...


The writer is interested in examining directive discourse between lecture and students in indonesian learning process as general subject in indonesia muslim university . The problem statement of this research is how the politeness forms from lecturer to students, students to lecturer, and students to students in Indonesian Language Subject at Universitas Muslim Indonesia.  The purpose of this study is to describe the form of politeness in the interaction of lecturers to students, students to lecturers, and students to students. This study focused on lecturers who teach general Indonesian language subject at the Faculty of Letters and first semester students, especially those who program general subject in Indonesian. The collected data will be analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis techniques. Based on the results of the research found, forms of language politeness in the interaction of lecturers to students in the form of declarative sentences, namely obeying the maxim of wisdom, praise, and agreement ; interrogative sentences, namely obeying the maxim of wisdom; imperative sentence, namely obeying the maxim of wisdom; the exclamation sentence, namely obeying the maxim of wisdom; and language politeness in the interaction of students to lecturers in the form of declarative sentences, namely obeying the maxim of generosity and agreement ; interrogative sentences, namely obeying the maxim of generosity; the exclamation sentence, namely obeying the maxim of wisdom; and the form of politeness in the interaction of students to students in the form of declarative sentences, namely the maxim of wisdom, generosity, agreement and sympathy; interrogative sentences, namely the maxim of wisdom and sympathy; imperative sentence, namely the maxim of wisdom; exclamation sentence, namely the maxim of wisdom. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the use of politeness in the formal setting is very useful for people's lives, including in the education side .


The invention discloses a method for extracting general flavone from folium apocyni veneti. The method comprises the following specific processes: enzymolysis extraction, microfiltration, ultrafiltration membrane impurity removal, macroporous resin purifying and eluting and the like. Compared with the prior art, the method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that ethanol is needed in the macroporous resin eluting process in the production process, the production cost is greatly reduced, and the production safety is improved; the operations of clarifying, removing impurities and concentrating are performed in the process by utilizing a pure physical process, the environmental pollution can be greatly alleviated, and the product quality safety is improved; and moreover, the extracting solution subjected to membrane separation and purification is further purified on a macroporous resin column, the pollution degree of the macroporous resin is reduced, the service life of the macroporous resin is greatly prolonged, the macroporous resin column can be repeatedly used for over 13 times under the optimized conditions, the adsorption amount of flavone can be maintained to be over 87 percent of the adsorption amount during first use, the utilization frequency is far more than the 5-8 times in a general method, and the highest content of general flavone in the obtained general flavone extract of folium apocyni veneti can be 80 percent.


Objective. A physically active lifestyle is recommended for overall health— both physical and mental. Serious psychological distress (SPD) is associated with adverse health behaviors. We compared patterns of physical activity (PA) among adults with and without SPD using current public health guidelines for PA and examined whether adults with SPD were physically active at recommended levels. Methods. We used data from the 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) to assess SPD using the Kessler 6 (K6) scale of nonspecific psychological distress and PA categories based on the 2008 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services guidelines. Complete data were available for 78,886 adults in 16 states that used an optional BRFSS mental illness and stigma module containing the K6 scale. We performed multiple logistic regression analyses to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results. The unadjusted prevalence of SPD was 3.9% (95% CI 3.6, 4.2), and the age-adjusted prevalence of SPD was 3.8% (95% CI 3.5, 4.1). After adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, employment, body mass index, smoking status, and heavy drinking, adults with SPD were significantly less likely to be physically active at recommended levels than adults without SPD. PRs were attenuated but remained significant after further adjustment for limitations to PA. Conclusion. Adults with SPD are less likely to meet current PA recommendations than adults without SPD, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.


The purpose of this study is to determine the implementation of purchasing accounting information systems and internal control over the purchase of raw materials. This study uses a qualitative method using an interpretive paradigm and a case study approach. The data used in this study are primary data, such as the company's organizational structure, operational system procedures, and enterprise resource planning systems that are implemented in the company. The results of the research that has been done show that PT Standard Indonesia Industri (SII) at the time of implementing the accounting information system and internal control of raw materials had good and neat documents related to purchases, making it easier to record. Plus PT Standard Indonesia Industri (SII) has procedures or standard operating procedures that are good enough so that they can maintain and control the stock of raw materials for the production process.


Three‐dimensional numerical simulation of the unsteady flow over a blunt plate held normal to a uniform stream has been carried out to study the physics of unsteady separation and reattachment. A finite‐difference procedure is used with 32 spanwise grid cells. In comparison with previous two‐dimensional results, it is observed that the inclusion of spanwise variations significantly improves the calculations and provides superior comparisons with experimental data. Mean turbulent quantities are calculated and found to be in good agreement with experiments. Instantaneous as well as statistical quantities describing the characteristic length and time scales of the large‐scale structures are also presented. The calculations have also been able to capture the experimentally observed low‐frequency unsteadiness of the separation bubble. In addition, a selective high‐frequency shedding from the separated shear layer was found to occur with a period equal to that of the low‐frequency unsteadiness.


Using 2007-08 special education child counts data from Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction and Taiwan's Ministry of Education, this study compares prevalence rates by disability categories. Wisconsin's prevalence rate of 12.55 is found 5.75 times greater than that of Taiwan. The greatest discrepancy is revealed in the area of Speech and Language Impairment. In other Category B areas identified by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development report such as Learning Disabilities and Emotional Behavior Disability, Wisconsin also reports significantly higher prevalence rates. The findings were discussed in relation to different cultural, linguistic, socio-economical and philosophical perspectives and future comparability due to the implementation of Response-to-Intervention model for LD eligibility determination in the U.S.


Barrier property, gap-fill quality, and electromigration (EM) resistance of a TaN diffusion barrier with ultrathin-Cu/Ru(Ta) liner layers were carried out to evaluate its feasibility for back-end-of-the-line Cu/low- k interconnects. Ru/TaN and Ru0.9 Ta0.1/TaN liner stacks show comparable oxidation and Cu diffusion barrier properties to the conventional Ta/TaN bilayer liner stack. Through observed better wettability to ultrathin Cu seed and therefore enhanced gap-fill quality, both Ru/TaN and Ru0.9 Ta0.1/TaN liner stacks show EM resistance improvement over the Ta/TaN bilayer liner system.


The relationship between force level of isometric contraction and time of three indices of muscular fatigue was studied for the shoulder abductors, elbow flexors, elbow extensors, knee flexors, knee extensors, plantar flexors and dorsiflexors in 5-7 males. Endurance tasks were performed at the contraction levels of 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40 and 50% of the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). The relative force (F %MVC) versus the endurance time or the time of tiredness ("darui") and pain ("itai") appearance (T min) curves were fitted to the following equation; log T=a+b log (F-k), 0*k*30. The most fitted equations were determined by the value in the coefficient of determination. In the examined muscle groups, the shoulder abductors were the most fatigable. The least fatigable were the plantar flexors and dorsiflexors, followed by the elbow flexors. The knee extensors were fatigable at higher contraction levels, and relatively fatigueless at very low contraction levels. The knee flexors, which were relatively fatigueless at higher contraction levels, became fatigable at lower contraction levels, where they showed similar fatigability as the elbow extensors.


AIM: analyse the clinical and functional results during the first year of application of the ERS/ESTS guidelines on fitness for radical therapy in lung cancer (LC) patients. Methods: prospective analysis of data of those patients proposed to surgical treatment for LC. We analysed pre FEV1, DLCO, VO2%, VO2/kg/min , complications in the first 30 days, mortality at 6 months and six months postFEV1, DLCO, VO2%, VO2/kg/min when available. Results: during 2013,103 patients were proposed to surgical treatment because of LC .All of them were evaluated with FEV1 and DLCO. Of them, 52 needed a CPET (ERS/ESTS guidelines: FEV1 or DLCO 8 complications were registered in first 30 days, three of them moderate. 2 deaths in six months not related to surgery were found. In 12 patients we made a second CPET six months after surgery. Only VO2/kg/min showed a significant difference (p=0.02) Conclusions: -We could apply ERS/ESTS guideline to 100% of our patients -The main cause of CPET indication was impaired DLCO -Half of cases proposed for surgery needed CPET, much more than those if we use previous protocol -we only found deterioration in VO2/k/min but our sample is still small.


Metabolic syndrome is a health condition that increases the risk of heart diseases, diabetes, and stroke. The prognostic variables that identify this syndrome have already been defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), the National Cholesterol Education Program Third Adult Treatment Panel (ATP III) as well as by the International Diabetes Federation. According to these guides, there is some symmetry among anthropometric prognostic variables to classify abdominal obesity in people with metabolic syndrome. However, some appear to be more sensitive than others, nevertheless, these proposed definitions have failed to appropriately classify a specific population or ethnic group. In this work, we used the ATP III criteria as the framework with the purpose to rank the health parameters (clinical and anthropometric measurements, lifestyle data, and blood tests) from a data set of 2942 participants of Mexico City Tlalpan 2020 cohort, applying machine learning algorithms. We aimed to find the most appropriate prognostic variables to classify Mexicans with metabolic syndrome. The criteria of sensitivity, specificity, and balanced accuracy were used for validation. The ATP III using Waist-to-Height-Ratio (WHtR) as an anthropometric index for the diagnosis of abdominal obesity achieved better performance in classification than waist or body mass index. Further work is needed to assess its precision as a classification tool for Metabolic Syndrome in a Mexican population.


Intraperitoneal administration of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), a cytokine mediator of inflammation and injury, induces afferent vagus nerve signaling and brain‐mediated sickness syndrome. However, the mechanism of IL‐1β signaling through the vagus nerve is unknown. Here we show that transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) expression in sensory vagus neurons is required to mediateIL‐1β‐induced thermoregulation and vagus nerve activation. We monitored body temperature in conscious and unrestrained mice by radiotelemetry using probes implanted into peritoneal cavity. Intraperitoneal administration of IL‐1β induced a significant change in body temperature in wild type mice. However, this response was significantly impaired in TRPA1 knock out mice (TRPA1 KO) (wild type vs. TRPA1 KO; 1045 ± 35.29 AUC vs. 577.9 ± 26.13 AUC; t‐test with Welch's correction; p<0.0001). To investigate whether selective TRPA1 expression in neurons is required for IL‐1β‐induced thermoregulation, we generated Syn‐Cre/TRPA1fl/fl mice selectively devoid of TRPA1 expression in neurons. Selective ablation of TRPA1‐expression in neurons significantly attenuates IL‐1β‐induced changes in body temperature (wild type vs. Syn‐Cre/TRPA1fl/fl; 1082 ± 61.49 AUC vs. 775.8 ± 66.89 AUC; t‐test with Welch's correction; p<0.01). We have previously shown IL‐1β induces sensory signaling by recording vagus nerve activity. Accordingly, here we collected extra‐neural recordings from the cervical vagus nerve and as expected observed administration of IL‐1β induced a significant increase in vagus nerve activity (total spikes 5 minutes pre‐ and post‐administration: 85.6 ± 0.17 spikes vs. 9998.0 ± 3617.0 spikes; t‐test; p<0.01). Moreover, no significant changes in vagus nerve activity occurred in TRPA1 KO mice (pre vs post‐administration: 867.3 ± 395.7 spikes vs. 1069.0 ± 455.8 spikes, t‐test, N.S.), and in Syn‐Cre/TRPA1fl/fl mice (pre vs post‐administration: 2179.0 ± 558.8 spikes vs. 1996.0 ± 460.8 spikes; t‐test; N.S.). Whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings and calcium imaging revealed TRPA1 is required to mediate IL‐1β‐dependent activation of vagus sensory neurons. Together, these studies indicate IL‐1β‐induced thermoregulation and vagus nerve activation is mediated by TRPA1.


We search all possible string grand-unified-theory models obtained from heterotic superstrings compactified on a [ital Z][sub 4] orbifold with one Wilson line. It is shown that there is an essentially unique anomaly-free flipped SO(10) model with three generations plus one mirror conjugate generation of matter fields. We derive effective Yukawa interactions and examine the structure of mass matrices as well as a possible scenario of string coupling unification. The four-generation [ital Z][sub 4] orbifold model is a phenomenologically viable model beyond the minimal supersymmetric standard one.


The intervals between injury and death in 450 fatalities after road accidents were analyzed and correlated with other data. Pedestrians were commonest group involved (28.7%) followed by occupants of cars (25.8%) and Motorcyclists (23.1%). In round figures, a third of series died with in half an hour, two third by 12 hours and three Quarter by 48 hours after accidents. Ninety percent of victims died with in one week. The pattern of survival time could be divided into three phases.There was an early steep decline the 38.4% dying during first half an hour and 40% with in one hour of accident. This was followed by longer stage during which rate of dying decreased progressively in logarithmic fashion. The cumulative tolls were 60.2% by 6 hours, 67.8% by 12 hours, 77.1%by 24 hours and 90% by 7 days. Between 7 to 14 days another 7% died.


The development of the mass media or broadcasting of terrestrial television in Indonesia is very rapid. Increasing number of terrestrial television stations in Indonesia makes the competition among television stations increasingly stringent. The terrestrial television requires a relatively high amount of revenue for operational costs. Advertising is one source of revenue. The advertisers will pair its ads in the program of interest by the public. Therefore, the television station competely to create programs that liked by the public. This is done so that the televison station can fight the competition. To determine whether the programs are interesting for public or not , the TV station uses the services of AGB Nielsen to measure whoever are viewing terrestrial television. The results of AGB Nielsen survey are rated and shared. The result of rating and share of the programs are liked by the public interest or not become a benchmark. The higher the rating and share program means the higher the interest of the public to watch the program. That became a problem and interesting to be discussed, in which in reality many programs are reprimanded by the KPI (Indonesian Broadcasting Commission) even in fact they have a high ratings . Whereas the program that gets a reprimand from the KPI is a program that can be said to be problematic and it cannot be imagined what happen if the problematic program maintained by the television station is on the pretext of a high rating. Facing this kind of television, viewers required to be more selective and critical of television, because media owner of television defends its economic interests. Therefore, the audience should have the skills of media literacy. Ability to digest what ispresented by the mass media, then the television is very important. Keywords: Media literacy, rating, share, AGB Nielsen


This study examined influence of National Home-Grown School Feeding Programme on primary school pupils' attendance and academic performance in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. Two specific objectives with corresponding research questions and hypotheses were raised and formulated respectively to guide the study. The study adopted survey research design and was carried out in Makurdi Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. The population of this study is 1870 teachers from 79 public primary schools in Makurdi Local Government Area of Benue State. The sample size for this study is 330 teachers. A structured questionnaire titled "National Home-Grown School Feeding Programme and Pupils Attendance and Performance in Public Primary Schools Questionnaire" was developed and used for the study. Cronbach Alpha Statistic was used to obtain an overall reliability coefficient of 0.89 for the instrument. The descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation were used to answer the two research questions. Chi-square statistics was used to test the two null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. From analysis of data, the following major findings were made: provision of meals to pupils improve their daily regular attendance, improves enrolment in primary schools, enhances their punctuality, and also improves their co-curricular activities. Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendations are made; the State Government should try and replicate the blue print of the Federal Government's National Home-Grown School Feeding Programme to every Local Government in the State so as to ensure sustainability in the provision of meals to pupils and as well as improve their daily regular attendance as well as enhancing their punctuality. Also, the Universal Basic Education Commission (UBEC) and other education stakeholders should initiate school feeding integrated intervention programmes that improves co-curricular activities through provision of meals to pupils this will influence their ability to understand the practicality of things during learning and also improve their ability to engage with digital technologies.


The paper focuses on web data mining to solve a problem of estimation of the authoritativeness measure of social web users, particularly contributors to a discourse content of social web discussions. Two methods from machine learning domain were used - regression analysis and genetic programming. Our aim was to find an approximation of the dependency of the authoritativeness value on variables representing parameters of the structure of discourse content. The approximation function can be used for computation of the authoritativeness value of a given user as well as for discrimination of authoritative from non-authoritative contributors to web discussions. This information is important for web users, who search for truthful and reliable information in the process of decision making about important things since the web users would like to be influenced by some credible professionals.


Recently, constructive interference precoders have been considered for downlink communication systems to utilize the multiuser interference constructively. Such precoders are normally obtained by solving constrained optimization problems at each symbol period. We demonstrate that there exists an analytic solution to a constructive interference precoder under the constraint of QoS for phase-shift keying (PSK) symbols. In this case, the computational cost is saved for the precoder design without solving the optimization problem.


One hundred thirty-one patients with histologically proved solid sinonasal lesions (56 benign and 75 malignant) who underwent conventional DWI and intravoxel incoherent motion were evaluated. The diffusion coefficient (D), pseudodiffusion coefficient (D*), and perfusion fraction (f) values derived from intravoxel incoherent motion and ADC values derived from conventional DWI were measured and compared. The mean ADC and D values were significantly lower in malignant sinonasal lesions than in benign sinonasal lesions and the mean f value was higher in malignant than in benign lesions. Multiparametric models can significantly improve the cross-validated areas under the curve for the differentiation of sinonasal lesions compared with single-parametric models. The authors conclude that intravoxel incoherent motion appears to be a more effective MR imaging technique than conventional DWI in the differentiation of benign and malignant sinonasal lesions. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Intravoxel incoherent motion is a promising method for the differentiation of sinonasal lesions. This study aimed to evaluate the value of intravoxel incoherent motion in the differentiation of benign and malignant sinonasal lesions and to compare the diagnostic performance of intravoxel incoherent motion with that of conventional DWI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred thirty-one patients with histologically proved solid sinonasal lesions (56 benign and 75 malignant) who underwent conventional DWI and intravoxel incoherent motion were recruited in this study. The diffusion coefficient (D), pseudodiffusion coefficient (D*), and perfusion fraction (f) values derived from intravoxel incoherent motion and ADC values derived from conventional DWI were measured and compared between the 2 groups using the Student t test. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, logistic regression analysis, and 10-fold cross-validation were performed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of single-parametric and multiparametric models. RESULTS: The mean ADC and D values were significantly lower in malignant sinonasal lesions than in benign sinonasal lesions (both P < .001). The mean f value was higher in malignant lesions than in benign lesions (P = .003). Multiparametric models can significantly improve the cross-validated areas under the curve for the differentiation of sinonasal lesions compared with single-parametric models (all corrected P < .05 except the D value). The model of D+f provided a better diagnostic performance than the ADC value (corrected P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Intravoxel incoherent motion appears to be a more effective MR imaging technique than conventional DWI in the differentiation of benign and malignant sinonasal lesions.


In this study glochidia as most sensitive life-stage of bivalves were used to evaluate the toxicity of copper, zinc and lead. Sensitivity of three species, Anodonta anatina , Pseudanodonta complanata and Unio tumidus were compared to copper and zinc, based on 24 and 48 h LC50 s. The copper 24 h LC50 showed the lowest value (26.8 μg·L-1 ) for Unio tumidus glochidia. After 48 h exposure, close LC50 values, 18.9 and 19.0 μg·L-1 , were recorded for A. anatina and U. tumidus glochidia, respectively. U. tumidus glochidia exhibited the highest sensitivity to zinc (48 h LC50  = 134.2 μg·L-1 ) followed by P. complanata (48 h LC50  = 201.6 μg·L-1 ) and A. anatina (48 h LC50  = 233.5 μg·L-1 ). Toxicity of lead to P. complanata glochidia was estimated, 24 and 48 h LC50 s of lead to 374.6 and 260.8 μg·L-1 , respectively. No observed effect concentrations (NOECs) for the tested metals exhibited species differences. All NOECs exceeded environmental quality standards (EQS), therefore these species are at risk only in such European freshwaters which have extreme concentration of these metals. Synergistic effect was reported for the combinations of Cu + Zn and Cu + Pb, additive effect was reported for Zn + Pb.


................................................................................................................ iv ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS .................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................... vi TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................... vii CHAPTER ONE .......................................................................................................... 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ................................................................................... 1 1.


In future exploration mission to low gravity bodies (e.g. a Mars moon or a near-Earth asteroid) it is planned to collect more than 100 grams of regolith (dust plus cm-sized pebbles) and return them to Earth for further ground-based analysis. In past Near-Earth Asteroid and Marco Polo and current Marco Polo-R studies several sampling tools have been proposed but there is no single technology for low-gravity sampling that has undergone a rigorous engineering assessment, aiming at proving the ability of the sampler to collect material in any envisaged situation. This is the purpose of this activity. The use of Discrete Element Method (DEM) to investigate mechanical properties of geomaterials is growing fast and their applications in geotechnics have become almost systematic. DEM granular approach suites the problem of studying the soil dynamics during the soil-tool interaction; moreover the investigation of the tool effectiveness in sampling under the influence of desired parameters (tool geometry, tool motion, soil properties) can be addressed. On the other hand, the DEM model of the soil needs a lot of effort to set up the particles interaction in order to faithfully represent the real work environment. The DEM is implemented to realize an affordable and reliable tool useful to investigate the sampling device dynamics in soil sampling activities to support the sampling tool concepts identification, trade off and selection. Comparing real experiment data to numerical models proves the quantitative capabilities of the DEM tool. The implemented tool addresses both the effectiveness evaluation of the sampling device concepts and the main solicitations estimation. This study addresses the following main steps: review of requirements and soil parameters identification, soil specimen modelling, sampling tool concept modelling, dynamic simulation of soil sampling, sensitivity analysis of dynamic simulation to soil parameters and environment variables. Copyright © 2013 by the International Astronautical Federation. All rights reserved.


Objective To analyze the clinical effects of postoperative cytokine-induced killer cell (CIK) treatment of the patients with mid-low locally rectal cancer.Methods Data of 80 patients with mid-low locally rectal cancer afteroperation were analyzed retrospectively from November 2005 to November 2008.Forty patients received only postoperative chemotherapy(C group),and 40 patients received postoperative chemotherapy concomitant with CIK(CC group).CIK were induced by culturing PBMC of healthy people by incubation in vitro with IL-2、γ-IFN、anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody and IL-1,then were transfused back to the 40 patients(CC group) after two weeks,for observation the changes of immunity indexes,tumormarkers and following up the local recurrence rates and survival quantity with two groups.Results The CEA、CA242、CA724 from CC group patients was significantly lower than C group(P0.05) except The CA199,The CD3+、CD4+ from CC group were significantly higher than C group(P0.05),But The CD8+ from CC group were significantly lower than C group(P0.05).The local recurrence rates was 15.8%(6/38) in C group,and 2.7%(2/37) in CC group (P0.05).The 1,3-year survival rates for C group and CC group were 88.6% and 92.4% (P0.05 ),62.3% and 75.5%(P0.05 ) respectively.Conclusion CIK have strong antitumor abilities.Postoperative hemotherapy concomitant with CIK can reduce local recurrence,prolong survival period and provide a potent immune therapeutic strategy for patients with mid-low locally rectal cancer.


A new species of Isopoda, Typhlocirolana reichi, is described from the rheocrene spring of Ein Hakikar (Ayn el Beida), south of Sedom, in the rift valley of the Dead Sea. The species is characterized by the short antennulae and antennae, and the paucity of spines and setae on pereiopods, pleopods, uropods and telson. The "propodial organ" is present only in the male. A few observations on behaviour are given and the zoogeographical significance of this new find is mentioned.


In IEEE802.11 wireless mesh networks (WMN), we had suffered from performance degradation caused by contention and interference. To avoid the issue with a reasonable cost, we have been working on the configuration where nodes are equipped with multiple commodity IEEE802.11 interfaces and antennas. Although the WMNs of the configuration were segmented by multi-channelized links, traditional applications needed it to be a single-tier and easy-to-use network. In this paper, we present a scheme introducing a virtual link layer that allows mobile nodes to move around without changing its identifier and losing its connectivity to such kind of WMNs. We have implemented a prototype system of our scheme using the click modular router framework [2]. We have confirmed that existing applications, such as DHCP and mDNS, run on the multi-radio and multichannel WMN without any modification.


The present invention provides a method wherein an MNO receives a secret key allocated to a corresponding embedded UICC (el JICC) through SM-SR (secure routing) in an envi ronment where SM is divided and implemented as SM-SR and SM-DP (data preparation), that is, provided is a method wherein the MNO dynamically acquires the secret key (pub lic key or the like) from the corresponding el JICC through the SM-SR and uses the acquired secret key. In addition, the present invention allows the el JICC to receive an encrypted profile from the MNO or the SM and decrypts the encrypted profile using profile access credential information (a secret key corresponding to an eUICC public key) stored in the elJICC to use the decrypted profile, thereby securely trans mitting important data Such as operation profiles, and block ing external entities such as a device or terminal from access ing the important data.


This study explored relationships between specialization and anglers' attitudes and beliefs connected to marine protected areas (MPAs). A mail survey questionnaire was sent to 697 private boat saltwater anglers in five northeastern states (62% response, n = 419). Although recreation specialization theory predicts that more specialized participants will indicate greater support for management regulations than will less specialized participants, the authors found no significant difference in attitude toward MPAs across specialization level. Highly specialized anglers were more likely to believe that recreational harvest has a detrimental impact on fish populations than were less specialized anglers. However, the loss of access to specific fishery resources will likely be more consequential for highly specialized (more resource dependent) anglers. This greater resource dependency may have counterbalanced their general tendency to show more support for regulations as compared to less specialized anglers. Incorporation of specialization theory into attitude research can improve the understanding of important cognitive differences that exist among diverse recreation participants. Implications for specialization theory and natural resource management are discussed.


This study assessed the self-reported supervision practices, experiences, and multicultural competence of White intern supervisors (n 211). White training directors and staff psychologists who were currently supervising predoctoral interns completed a 2-page survey regarding their multicultural supervision. Female supervisors reported higher multicultural supervision competence and spent more time processing cultural differences with their supervisees than male supervisors. Training directors also reported higher multicultural supervision competence than staff psychologists. Further, the number of interns supervised currently and over a career significantly predicted multicultural supervision competence. Recommendations for White intern supervisors include ongoing participation in education and professional practice experiences to improve multicultural supervision competence.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the phenotypes and prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms(MDROs).METHODS Data of non-repeating bacteria obtained from various specimens of the inpatients between Jan 2006 and Dec 2010 were collected and analyzed by WHONET 5.4 software.RESULTS A total of 6779(29.0%) strains of pathogens were isolated from 23 405 clinical specimens,of which 704(10.4%) strains were gram-positive bacteria,4480(66.1%)strains were gram-negative bacilli,1750(25.8%) strains were fungi.Of the 861(12.7%)strains of isolated MDROs,there were 307 strains of ESBLs-producing bacteria,18 strains of CRE,137 strains of MRCNS,127 strains of MRSA,103 strains of CRAB,72 strains of MDRAP,19 strains of PDRPA and 2 strains of VRE.Pathogens were mainly isolated from lower respiratory tract(475 strains,53.1%),urine(152 strains,17.7%),pus and secretions(150 strains,17.4%)and blood(56 strains,6.5%).The detection rate of MDROs was the highest in ICU(21.7%),followed by neurosurgery department(10.7%),respiratory department(9.1%),and oncology department(8.9%).CONCLUSION ESBLs-producing bacteria,MRCNS,and MRSA are the major resistance phenotypes of MDRO;MDRO are mainly isolated from lower respiratory tract,urine and pus secretion.The prevalence of MDROs is very high in ICU,neurosurgery department,respiratory department,and oncology department.


Coconut is a crop demanding with regard to water to produce satisfactorily. The use of brackish water in agriculture (including coconut) has been a reality in many regions of the earth. If it is necessary to identify the consequences that such practices. The aim was to study the effects of different salinity levels of irrigation water on the mineral composition of coconut leaves cv. Green Dwarf. The experimental design was randomized blocks with five replications. Treatments consisted of four salinity levels of irrigation water (EC w): 0.1 (T1) (control), 5.0 (T2), 10.0 (T3) and 15.0 (T4) dS m -1 . CEA irrigation significant effect on the levels of sodium, chloride and potassium quadratic trend of increasing levels of these nutrients in coconut leaves. Magnesium levels showed a decreasing trend in quadratic function of increasing salinity. The salinity of irrigation water did not significantly affect the levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, boron, zinc and iron.


In order to grasp the operation reliability of cooling system in tank diesel engines,a stochastic point process model was used to verify the distribution of the failure data.A estimation method of cooling system reliability character parameters based on adaptive neural network combined with Monte Carlo simulation validation was proposed,and the operation reliability character parameters of the cooling system of a new diesel engine and an overhauled diesel engine were obtained.


Thanks to the University of New South Wales and IBM Research, scientists are moving closer to the junction of quantum and digital computing.


Plants are widely used in the treatment of various diseases. The present study evaluates for the first time the potential antioxidant and antimicrobial activities as well as the total flavonoid contents of the ethanol extracts of leaf and flower parts of G. gracilis Celak. species distributed in Muğla province. The antioxidant activities were determined by DPPH, ABTS and β-carotene assays. The antimicrobial activities were evaluated by the disc diffusion method and by determining the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). According to the outcomes from DPPH and β-carotene assay, the ethanolic flower extract may be suggested to have a higher antioxidant potential than that of the leaf. The total flavonoid content was found in the highest in the ethanolic leaf extract. Gram (-) P. aeruginosa was detected as the most sensitive bacteria to both extracts. C. albicans was determined to be more sensitive to both extracts compared to all tested bacteria. These results suggest that G. gracilis possess potential antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.


Teachers often use drawings of the normal distribution to support explanations of related statistical concepts, assuming that the normal curve provides a common language for such discussions. However, we find that students may not understand the basic features of the normal curve. In Study 1, we showed that students who already have studied the normal distribution in a college-level class do not understand basic concepts associated with it. Then, in Study 2, we investigated whether a brief instructional, narrated video could improve students' understanding of the normal probability distribution. Specifically, we compared three instructional formats: static slides, a video recording of a hand physically drawing those plots, and a screen recording of the hand-drawing. Despite the brevity of the intervention, we found significant improvements in students' understanding of the normal probability distribution and related probability concepts. The findings are discussed in relation to the dynamic representation and embodied cognition literature.


We believe that all instructors should find ways to include meaningful active learning approaches in their classes. This chapter provides a framework for choosing active learning strategies that take into account course objectives, teaching styles, and students' level of experience.


The paper considers a number of high-frequency applications of a technique, described by Midgley, which uses Hall effect in a semiconductor to increase the penetration of an externally applied magnetic field. High-mobility semiconductors, like the intermetallic indium compounds, giving large Hall effects, also have a high conductivity with a correspondingly small skin depth, so that it becomes difficult to utilise the body of the semiconductor effectively. Hall-effect reinforcement of the applied field is therefore particularly valuable at high frequencies, and methods by which this may be exploited to advantage in Hall-effect and magnetoresistance-effect linear mixers, power-measuring devices and mode transducers, are discussed. A new form of electrically controlled attenuator embodying the same principle is also proposed.


Worked out organizational and methodical approaches to perfection of trichological service organization are given in the article, what lets to inculcate a new organizational form of hear diseases treatment in practice, and it is trichological way.


T HE FOLLOWING ARTICLE BY GRETE HERMANN ARGUABLY occupies an important place in the histo~y of the philosophical interpretation of quantum mechanics. The purpose of Hermann's writing on natural philosophy is to examine the revision of the law of causality which quantum mechanics seems to require at a fundamental level of theoretical description in physics. It is Hermann's declared intention to show that quantum mechanics does not disprove the concept of causaliv, 'fret has clarified [it] and has ~,enzovedfiom it other principles which are not necessarily connected to it."' She attempts to show that this most "obvious" counter-example to the aprioricity of causality, quantztm theor?: is in fact not a counter-example at all. The central claim of Her~nan~z's e say published in tbe 1930s' implies that quantzrm mechanics, "though predictively indeterministic, is retrodictive(y a causal theo~y."" In her argument, Herman11 commits to tbe orthodo.~fi)r~tz~tlntioiz ( fquantum 1~2echanics characterized in Bohr's enr(?t essays': the quantrrm postulate, the iden that all obsersntions "disturb" the object ~??rtenz, the fin mework of complcmentn r i ~ and tbc reqw irrment thnt the observing ageuc? be described by means of clnssicnl concepts. From today's point of view, Hermann's essays mtlst also be considered part of the debate about tbe completeness of the quantum mechanical description. For if she succccds, sbe will have rejected all those approaches as futile tvhieh aim to revise quantum theory on the basis of additional parameters in order to reinstate the predictabi1it-j~ of specific experimental outcomes. In 1935, Bohr introduces a relational approacb to quantum tbeo~:v in his respons2 to the challenge by Einstein, Podolsk?, and Rosen."Eere, Bohr relativizes quantum phenomena with respect to a kind of apparatus, to an experimentalfinvnelvo~~k of ccrtain general characteristics. In her essays, Hermann proposes a form of relationalism thatgoes much further than Bohr's. For her, quantum mechanical phenomena are not only relative to the experimental framework of observation, the Beobachtungszusamme~~hang, but also relative to the concrete particular of the specific outcome of the observation, the Beobachtung. Such a notion of relativization to a concrete particular is a key feature of Everett's formulation of quantum mechanics,' proposed in 1957. Everett introduces a formal relativization procedure between quan-


This paperdescribesan incremental deployment algorithm for mobilesensornetworks. A mobile sensornetwork is a distributedcollectionof nodes,eachof which hassensing,computation, communication and locomotion capabilities. The algorithm deploys nodesone-at-atime into anunknown environment, with eachnode making useof informationgather ed by previously deployed nodes to determine its target location. The algorithm is designedto maximizenetwork 'coverage'whilst simultaneously ensuringthatnodesretainline-of-sightwith one another (this latter constraint arisesfrom the needto localizethenodes;in our previouswork on mesh-basedlocalization[12, 13] we have shown how nodescanlocalize themselvesin a completely unknown environmentby using other nodes as landmarks). This paperdescribes the incrementaldeployment algorithm and presents the resultsof an extensi ve seriesof simulationexperiments. Theseexperimentsserve to both validatethe algorithm andilluminate its empiricalproperties.


I have recently qualified after three hard years of study, stress and laughter, and had a wonderful day celebrating with my fellow graduates.


Information about experimental units is usually available before they are assigned to treatments in agricultural or biological research. Such information, however, is taken into consideration in few available designs, if any. Based on the objective of homogeneity between groups, a new criterion (X- criterion) is suggested for measuring the goodness of allocations or designs. Under certain conditions, the ^.-optimum design is equal to D-optimum and A-optimum designs proposed by Harville (1974a), for a covariance model


In the system of state support of the reproductional process in agroproduction the institutional infrastructure of state regulation occupies an important place. Therefore the article dwells on the issue related to elevation of effectiveness of economy subjects functioning in the sphere of agroproduction under the conditions of market economy, institutional infrastructure as a leading sub-system of an agrarian sector. The author considers an institutional structure of state regulation of reproductional process which effectuates the regulation aimed at optimal development of agroproductional branches; reproductional process of economy subjects and land tax in the sphere of agrarian land use having a privileged character and including only a part of land rent. The author substantiates the role and importance of economic methods of state regulation of the activities of economy subjects in the process of reproduction. He canvasses price disparities in agrarian economy and analyzes an index of prices for consumer goods and services in Tajikistan Republic.


In 2 recent cases, the High Court has considered when an impost will be a tax for the purposes of the Constitution. The High Court has generally defined a tax as 'a compulsory exaction of money by a public authority for public purposes, enforceable by law, and ... not a payment for services rendered' (Air Caledonie International v Commonwealth (1988) 165 CLR 462, 467 citing Matthews v Chicory Marketing Board (Vic) (1938) 60 CLR 263, 276). In Roy Morgan Research Pty Ltd v Commissioner of Taxation [2011] HCA 35, the High Court upheld the validity of the superannuation guarantee charge (SGC) and considered the 'public purpose' aspect of the concept of taxation. In Queanbeyan City Council v ACTEW Corporation Ltd [2011] HCA 40, the High Court held that 2 imposts by the ACT on its wholly-owned corporation, ACTEW Corporation Ltd, were not taxes but instead internal financial arrangements of government.


This chapter examines issues in cultivating community resources in programs for gifted and talented children. First, ways to meet the affective needs of gifted children are considered and the importance of bridging the gap between home and school and resolving conflicts is stressed. Ten hindrances to the optimum development of children are identified as well as 10 positive affective strategies for parents (such as providing consistency in discipline and expectations). The second section looks at ways to promote community support for gifted children including marketing, getting others involved in mentorship programs, and forming school business partnerships. Finally, ways in which the legal system can be used to influence education are discussed. These include lobbying for legislation and use of court cases, due process, and mediation. Finally, a need is seen to influence the training of health professionals (physicians, psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers) so that these community professionals become more informed on behavioral or health correlates of high intelligence or creativity. (10 references) (DB) *****************st***************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Community Links as Resources Patricia A. Kleine Assistant Professor of Educational Leadership, %tight State University and James T. Webb Professor and Assistant Dean, School of Professional Psydiology, Wright State University


CaMV 35S promoter activity has not been analysed in different stages of growth in oilseed (B. napus). Higher plants lack intrinsic β-glucuronidase activity, thus enhancing the sensitivity with which measurements can be made. The binary transformation vector pVW432 (Buchanan-Wollaston, unpublished), carrying the GUS gene fused to the CaMV 35S promoter, was used to test transformation efficiencies and promoter activity in B. napus. The effect of different components of culture media was tested. Having studied different antibiotics, two selectable markers, and Agrobacterium strains, the combination of 500 mg/l carbenicillin with 25 mg/l kanamycin was the optimum level for inhibition of Agrobacterium strain C58pGV3101 and the selection of transformants, respectively. Different developmental stages of plants were analysed by protein assay. DNA extraction and PCR amplification confirmed the presence of the gene. High level of β-glucuronidase activity, hence CaMV 35S promoter activity, was observed for one of the transgenic plants. The β-glucuronidase activity altered from maturity to senescence indicating that the CaMV 35S promoter has different activity at different developmental stages in B. napus. Therefore, the growth stage of B. napus may influence the CaMV 35S promoter activity.


Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease. Two hallmarks of AD are neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and senile plaques (SPs). The main component of SPs is Aβ, the product of a serial enzymatic digestion of amyloid precursor protein (APP). Therefore, it is important to understand the processing of APP to prevent or cure AD. Human brain proteins interacting with APP-intracellular-C-terminal-domain (AICD) were identified using a yeast two-hybrid screening assay. One of the protein candidates that may interact with AICD is flotillin-1, a lipid raft marker expressed predominantly in brain tissues. The association between APP and its C-terminal-fragment (CTF) with flotillin-1 was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation experiment using the protein extracts from a neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. In addition, a series of deletion mutants of flotillin-1 were generated to identify region(s) on flotillin-1 important for the interaction between AICD and flotillin-1 or between flotillins by yeast two-hybrid assay and co-immunoprecipitation experiment. Our result suggests that a putative oligomerization domain near the N-terminus of flotillin-1 (137-188 a.a.) may be crucial for the AICD-flotillin-1 interaction. The other putative oligomerization domain near the C-terminus of flotillin-1 (189-282 a.a.) may be crucial for flotillin-1-flotillin-1 interaction. Experiments to elucidate whether phosphorylation of APP is associated with oligomerization of flotillin-1 are still ongoing.


It is possible to define a typing system for Multiplicative Exponential Linear Logic (MELL): in such a system, typing judgments are of the form ⊢ R : x : Γ, where R is a MELL proof-structure, Γ is the list of types of the conclusions of R, and x an element of the relational interpretation of Γ, meaning that x is an element of the relational interpretation of R (of type Γ).
As relational semantics can be used to infer execution properties of the proof-structure, these judgment can be considered as forms of quantitative typing.
We provide an abstract machine that decides, if R satisfies a geometric condition, whether the judgment ⊢ R : x : Γ is valid. Also, the machine halts in bilinear time in the sizes of R and x.


To investigate whether there is a difference between a continent versus a stress urinary incontinent group of women regarding: (i) fatigue in pelvic floor muscles, and (ii) pre‐activation times between pelvic floor and abdominal muscles during coughing.


Estimating the state of a system especially for lithium-ion battery has been an area of extensive research; where most of the remaining useful life (RUL) prediction techniques are highly dependent on usage of offline data. Development of a prognostics health management (PHM) framework for flexible electronics and flexible components is still in its nascent stages due to the novelty and understanding of the flexible regime. Little to no information exists on techniques which incorporate depth of discharge (DoD) and other varying test parameters such as varying load (across test conditions) and can then successfully evaluate the degradation in capacity and compute the remaining useful life for flexible lithium-ion power sources. Flexible electronic systems need to have a thin, robust power system that also has the capability to sustain dynamic stresses which are replicative of daily motions. Such applications can foresee the usage of flexible power sources in areas with both direct mechanical and environmental stresses. Current health monitoring techniques and test standards for rigid power sources which are used in portable electronics and electric vehicles (EVs) demonstrate robust and efficient RUL techniques with some of them considered as the benchmark in terms of model accuracy. With the current boom in internet of things (IoT), flexible power sources/flexible energy harvesting units will be the go to product of the industry for the next couple of decades. Therefore it is the need of the hour to develop PHM frameworks for such flexible lithium-ion based power sources. In this research study, 60mAh flexible lithium-ion batteries have been analyzed by cycling them through multiple full charge and shallow discharge cycles at distinct DoD operating conditions. Effects of simultaneous thermal stresses and repeated cyclic events have been studied on output parameters such as efficiency, capacity and charge-discharge time. State-Of-the-art Li-Ion batteries have been tested under: multiple operating temperatures of 40°C and 25°C with different Crates. In this paper, capacity and "number of cycles" have been used as vectors to monitor the health of the power source and assess remaining useful life. Regression based modeling technique has been used to estimate the battery capacity deterioration in form of number of cycles to reach the end of life (EoL) which is about 80% of the original life.


Background: The Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire (4DSQ) (Huisarts Wetenschap 39: 538–47, 1996) is a self-report questionnaire developed in the Netherlands to distinguish non-specific general distress from depression, anxiety, and somatization. This questionnaire is often used in different populations and settings and there is a paper-and-pencil and computerized version. Methods: We used item response theory to investigate whether the 4DSQ measures the same construct (structural equivalence) in the same way (scalar equivalence) in two samples comprised of primary mental health care attendees: (i) clients who visited their General Practitioner responded to the 4DSQ paper-and-pencil version, and (ii) eHealth clients responded to the 4DSQ computerized version. Specifically, we investigated whether the distress items functioned differently in eHealth clients compared to General Practitioners' clients and whether these differences lead to substantial differences at scale level. Results: Results showed that in general structural equivalence holds for the distress scale. This means that the distress scale measures the same construct in both General Practitioners' clients and eHealth clients. Furthermore, although eHealth clients have higher observed distress scores than General Practitioners' clients, application of a multiple group generalized partial credit response model suggests that scalar equivalence holds. Conclusions: The same cutoff scores can be used for classifying respondents as having low, moderate and high levels of distress in both settings. Background In many European countries, including the Netherlands, consulting a General Practitioner (GP) is a formal prerequisite for referral to specialized care providers in case of mental health problems. As such, GPs fulfill the role of gatekeeper for mental health services and with this task comes the need for adequate and efficient methods to screen for possible mental health problems. Many tools such as structured interviews and questionnaires have been developed to facilitate this process, and the latter are also incorporated in assessment batteries of various eHealth providers. The 4DSQ [1] is such a questionnaire. The 4DSQ is a self-report questionnaire developed in the Netherlands to distinguish non-specific general distress from depression, anxiety, and somatization. As with many questionnaires, the 4DSQ is often administered in various populations in different settings and with different mediums: A test or questionnaire may be designed for implementation in, for example, the general population, the working population, or the population of ambulant health care recipients. With setting, we refer to the specific situation in which the * Correspondence: firstname.lastname@example.com University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700, RB, Groningen, The Netherlands Department of Education and Research, GGZ Friesland, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2017 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. van Bebber et al. BMC Psychiatry (2017) 17:382 DOI 10.1186/s12888-017-1552-3


Fracture begets fracture. Since the 1980s, we have known that approximately half of individuals who sustain a hip fracture break another bone in the months or years before breaking their hip. More recently, investigators in Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States have reported similar findings. Meta-analyses have demonstrated that a prior fracture at any site is associated with a doubling of future fracture risk.
 Individuals who sustain fragility fractures usually present to healthcare services to seek medical attention and, as such, represent an obvious group to target for osteoporosis assessment and falls prevention. However, a persistent and pervasive care gap is evident in the secondary prevention of fragility fractures throughout the world. The care gap is well documented in countries in Asia-Pacific.
 A Fracture Liaison Service (FLS) is a system to ensure fracture risk assessment, and treatment where appropriate, is delivered to all patients with fragility fractures. A FLS is usually comprised of a dedicated case worker, often a clinical nurse specialist, who works to pre-agreed protocols to case-find and assess fracture patients. While FLS are usually based in hospital, some primary care based FLS have been developed. A FLS requires support from a medically qualified practitioner.
 The FLS model of care has been endorsed and advocated for by governments, healthcare professional organisations and national osteoporosis societies, and national alliances comprised of these and other groups.
 This presentation will provide a global perspective on implementation of FLS as a central component of a broader systematic approach to fragility fracture care and prevention.

 Fracture Liaison Services (FLS) Toolbox for Asia Pacific. Asia Pacific Bone Academy. 2017.


We demonstrate high-speed live-cell imaging at 50 frames/s with a mid-infrared photothermal quantitative phase microscope by implementing nanosecond pulsed lasers and a high-full-well-capacity image sensor.


ABSTRACT Science education trends promote student engagement in authentic knowledge in practice to tackle personally consequential problems. This study explored how partnering scientists and students on a social media platform supported students' development of disciplinary practice knowledge through practice-based learning with experts during two pilot enactments of a project-based curriculum focusing on the ecological impacts of climate change. Through the online platform, scientists provided feedback on students' infographics, visual argumentation artifacts that use data to communicate about climate change science. We conceptualize the infographics and professional data sets as boundary objects that supported authentic argumentation practices across classroom and professional contexts, but found that student generated data was not robust enough to cross these boundaries. Analysis of the structure and content of the scientists' feedback revealed that when critiquing argumentation, scientists initiated engagement in multiple scientific practices, supporting a holistic rather than discrete model of practice-based learning. While traditional classroom inquiry has emphasized student experimentation, we found that engagement with existing professional data sets provided students with a platform for developing expertise in systemic scientific practices during argument construction. We further found that many students increased the complexity and improved the visual presentation of their arguments after feedback.


. This study aims to determine the level of physical condition of athletes in the sport of Pencak Silat KONI Banjarnegara in preparation for the Kedu Pekalongan and Banyumas Sports Week (PORDULAONGMAS). The method in this research is using descriptive analysis method. The population in this study were athletes of the KONI Banjarnegara pencak silat with a sample of 21 people. The data collection technique used a test to measure the physical condition. Based on the test results measuring the physical condition of the athletes of the Banjarnegara Regency pencak silat in general are in the quite good category. As for the physical condition specifically, the average cardiovascular endurance is 38.1 which is in the moderate category, the average arm muscle endurance is 52.86 in the very good category, the average grip strength of the right hand is 25.71 with the poor category. and the average left hand grip strength 23.05 is in the enough category, the average back strength is 78.5 in the very good category, the average leg strength is 110.67 in the enough category and the average leg power is 35.05 included in the sufficient category, the average abdominal strength was 52.86 very good, the average agility 20.47 was in the enough category and the average flexibility was 14.40 in the poor category.


The foundation for a fruitful prevention policy should be a probabilistic study of the natural phenomenon occurrence, along with an estimate of the short- and long-term damages it could cause. This probabilistic study can be used to provide the relevant authorities with the necessary data to define possible risk scenarios and, at the same time, allow a sustainable territorial planning. Peñón de los Baños is in the borough of Venustiano Carranza. It has a perimeter of 6,180 m (20,275 ft) and an area of 1.59 km 2 (392.9 acres). It is a zone where ponding often occurs during wet season on a yearly basis. However, this problem has not been mitigated despite its recurrence. The purpose of this paper is to show the results of a numerical simulation model, by referencing a collaborative flood risk map made by the community and the academy. From an engineering point of view, efforts were made to make a numerical simulation model that could be used to support flood predictions as per data provided by the population (streets where water is perceived to run and ponding zones). Iber is a two-dimensional mathematical model for the simulation of flows in rivers and estuaries, it is promoted by the Center for Hydrographic Studies of CEDEX, and it was used to get scenarios and to be able to prevent floods. The coincidence of routes (streets where water runs) and flooding zones, as provided by the community, could be contrasted with the results of the numerical model to provide feedback and possible solutions that would mitigate this problem.


Since the beginning of 60s of the 20th century the European Community has been voicing its concerns about the need for tax harmonization. First attitudes towards tax harmonization were very ambitious. The aim was not only to reach structural harmonization in the Member States, but also harmonization of tax base and tax rates. The article explores the nature and conditions of the harmonization process while addressing its legislative modifications. The article analyses and compares the most important indirect taxes (value added tax, excise duties) in the Member States of the EU. Despite decades of efforts to harmonize taxes countries continuously apply national taxes. Heads of the Union argue that this approach can lead to disintegration in the future.


The state-of-the-art of data query languages in the database management area is briefly surveyed and analyzed with a discussion based on the criteria of expressive power and ease of use. The survey is confined by the discussions of the approaches that use "logical" data models and "logic" data models in order to create a query language interface. Through the comparative discussions, the strengths and weaknesses of both approaches are pointed out and evaluated. An application for making use of the approaches identified is also presented in the paper. We are hopeful that this may spawn creative ideas for future research.


David North has already ably dealt with many of the questions arising from both Alex Steiner's lecture "Dialectics and the Crisis of Science" and his polemic "Marxism without Its Head or Heart," but he asked us to provide an addendum supplementing some of the points he has made. (See David North's essay) At the outset some background will be useful. We first encountered Steiner when we read the text of the lecture he gave to party members and supporters in Berlin in 2002. Both of us were concerned at his treatment of science and its history in the Renaissance and Enlightenment. Steiner had recently written a useful article on Heidegger, but his approach here was very different. The lecture was ill informed, thoroughly non-materialist and anti-dialectical. The history of science is a complex subject and we assumed that Steiner had stumbled into an area of which he knew little and needed to do more work to develop an adequate analysis. We met informally for dinner while Steiner was on holiday in the UK and discussed some of the issues arising from the lecture in friendly terms. Later, Chris Talbot wrote to him suggesting some reading. Our patience was rewarded with the reply that North has already discussed. It was a 37-page diatribe reasserting and expanding on the points he made in the original lecture and article. Neither Steiner's lecture nor his reply have been posted on his web site, which is perhaps not surprising considering what poor pieces of work both of them are. But Steiner has taken a sentence from Chris Talbot's letter out of context to demonstrate the supposed "vulgar materialist" and "empiricist" mode of thought indulged in by members of the International Committee. Ann Talbot's articles on the Enlightenment and bourgeois revolution have also come in for criticism from Steiner. He regards them as examples of the uncritical attitude of the WSWS towards Enlightenment values and democratic rights and compares them to the comments of Christopher Hitchens and Sam Harris, or even the Bush administration, which claims to be exporting democratic values to Iraq. We shall therefore take this opportunity to reply jointly to the attacks on both of us and to examine the questions of science and its history that he raises. These are wide-ranging topics, but Steiner's attacks in both areas are closely related methodologically. We will begin by looking at Steiner's misconceived view of String Theory before examining his conception of the Enlightenment and the bourgeois revolution.


Key Words : ANALYSIS, OLD-AGE SECURITY, DEATH SECURITY, FILING AND PAYMENT PROCEDURES ABSTRACT : In Indonesia today, it has become an obligation of an organization which employs a workforce of more than 10 people to run Social Security. This is intended to further appease the workers to work harder, because one day at old age, they will get a decent income in the form of Old Age Security. If these workers died not because of accident, their heirs are eligible for Death Security after fulfilling specified requirements. This writing aimed to find out procedures and filing procedures for becoming members of old age and death security programs PT. Jamsostek and to know procedures and claim payment procedures of old age and death security programs at PT. Jamsostek. The methods used were field study, interviews, and literature study. From the results, it can be concluded that every company is obliged to register its workforce to be members of Jamsostek. Then, after the Social Security members meet the specified requirements thoroughly for claiming old age and death security, then the members follow procedures for claiming and payment of old age and death security.


This paper presents a design of integrated battery charger based on switched reluctance motor(SRM) drive. A novel SRM converter topology which integrated driving mode and battery charger are proposed in EV application. In the battery charger mode, the boost inductance is fixed by the original phase winding of motor. The performance of integrated battery charger is limited. A split-winding method is used to redesign the suitable inductance to obtain the high performance of charger. Compared with conventional asymmetric converter, two relays and two thyristors are added in the proposed circuit. This topology can be rebuilt as a bridgeless buck-boost battery charger to satisfy the battery charzing requirement. The split-winding design of SRM is analyzed in magnetic field by finite element method. The symmetrical magnetic field of the split-winding of phase A and B is easy to product the zero torque in battery charger mode. And split winding of the phase C is selected the suitable value to reduce the loss. The control strategy of proposed drive is suggested to more stable working. Some simulation results are done to verify the performance of proposed converters.


Degradation of the transmitted signal and the reduced reliability of the powerline communication (PLC) channel due to impulsive noise bursts are well-documented in numerous studies. As a result, to develop mitigation strategies for this troublesome noise, its characteristics need to be examined and modelled. In this paper, the powerline communication (PLC) channel is viewed as a single infinite server queue where the PLC noise generated from different sources is transmitted to the receiver on a first-come- first-serve basis as either background noise, single impulse noise or impulse noise bursts. These impulse noise bursts are thought to result from the overlap in the occurrence of high amplitude single impulse noise. Consequently, this paper proposes modelling the distribution of the duration and inter-arrival times of successive PLC impulsive noise bursts as well as the distribution of the number of single impulses present in a noise burst. The performance of the model is then validated using measurements taken from various indoor networks where the impulsive noise bursts are observed to exhibit queueing properties.


Disappearance of images and expressions summarizes the character of the Korean abstract art that emerged during the 1970's and 1980's. Monochrome painting, a leading artistic style during this period, and abstract sculpture were non-representational and eliminated even visual elements which previously had often been found in l'art informel and geometric abstraction. Instead, materiality was considered as an important element. The properties of materials used in artworks were emphasized especially in the monochrome paintings of Seo-Bo Park and Chong-Hyun Ha, the abstract sculptures of Moon-Seop Shim and Seok-Won Park during the 1970's and 1980's, as well as the abstract ink-an-wash paintings of Soo-Nam Song, who headed the ink-and-wash painting movement. This paper considers that the primary reason why these contemporary artists, regardless of their areas, produced works focused on materiality based not on inner necessity but upon external influence. This paper concludes that Ufan Lee was the immediate influence. Originated from critical perspectives on Western modernism, Ufan Lee's Mono-ha is an artistic style that shows things "as they are," unmanipulated by human intentions. Mono-ha arrived in the Korean art world during the late 1960's, and subsequently Korean artists came to stress the materiality of the objects used in their work. Even though it is difficult to compare painting and sculpture styles of the 1970's and 1980's, we can observe that the common aspect of these two areas is to highlight the materiality of mediums used. This reflects that artists of the 1970's and 1980's shared common concepts and artistic consciousness rather than art forms. Focusing on this matter, this paper studies the meanings that the artists tried to convey through materiality.


AbstractThe clinical picture of 83 cases of hepatitis in connection with hemodialysis and kidney transplantation is described. The disease had a characteristic clinical course with a long incubation period (60–100 days) and a long prodromal period (mean 14.3 days). Arthralgia, pruritus, cutaneous manifestations and high temperature were common and generally the maximum levels of thymol turbidity were remarkably high. Administration of more than 12 ml of gamma globulin during the 6 months preceding onset of illness did not prevent the disease or modify its clinical course. Although the clinical course of the disease was not in all respects typical for serum hepatitis epidemiological as well as clinical evidence speak in favour of this diagnosis.


ABSTRAC
The purpose of the investigation was to determine the effect of the expenses subject to limits in the determination of the income tax of the commercial companies of the province of Chiclayo; In the present investigation, 66 commercial companies from the province of Chiclayo were selected through simple random sampling, using the inductive - deductive, descriptive method; A reliable and validated questionnaire was also used to collect the field information; the data obtained were processed through the statistical software.
The results are presented in tables and statistical figures determining the effect of the expenses subject to limit. Likewise, an analysis was made of the expenses that were generated in the development of the operations of the companies, in order to determine which expenses are deductible and not deductible and therefore can cause temporary and permanent differences.
It is concluded that the effect of the deductible expenses in the determination of the Income Tax of the commercial companies, of the Chiclayo province, 2016, is negative allowing to pay higher income tax.
It is recommended that the Tax Administration eliminate the restriction of the expenses subject to limits and accept to deduct all the expenses indicated in Article 37 of the Income Tax without any limitation, for which reason greater control measures would have to be implemented, allow to mitigate the possible abusive use in the deduction of costs or expenses.


Unethical leadership behavior can encourage follower CWBs and have costly organizational impacts. In this meta‐analysis, we use data from 3,000 managers and executives to identify antecedents of ethical behaviors: integrity and accountability. Results suggest that many five factor model (Big Five) personality scales, personality derailers (dark side attributes), and values predict integrity and accountability. Leaders who are more conscientious, professional, and rule following and less attention seeking receive higher ratings of integrity and accountability. The strongest relationships were often for personality derailers (Excitable, Leisurely, Mischievous, Imaginative). Values and preferences (Aesthetics, Hedonism, Recognition) also had notable relationships. We discuss our results and their implications for organizations seeking to reduce CWBs, promote OCBs, or establish a climate of ethical behavior.


The main objective of this paper is to find a rapid pruning method for Bagging to reduce the storage space needed by the algorithm,speed up the computation process and obtain the potential of improving the classification accuracy.A new idea of selective ensemble is proposed,which computes the diversity of base learners directly.The base learner which has the strongest ability to improve the diversity of other base learners in the base learner set is chosen and deleted,and hierarchical pruning is used to speed up the new algorithm.The new algorithm can greatly reduce the size of the bagging ensemble without performance degradation.It also supports parallel computing and its selective ensemble speed is much faster than that of GASEN(genetic algorithm based on selected ensemble).The upper bound of classification error of ensemble learning is given.


In the United States, the safety and efficacy of medical devices are regulated by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which must successfully navigate a crucial tradeoff between speed and safety in approving applications for new devices. Although a shorter (and potentially less thorough) approval process could benefit patients by resulting in quicker access to potentially life-saving therapies, the potential benefits could be outweighed if a shorter approval process allows more unsafe devices to enter the market. In 2002, Congress passed the Medical Device User Fee and Modernization Act (MDUFA), with the aim of pushing the FDA toward the speed side of the tradeoff. The MDUFA levied large user fees on manufacturers of medical devices in exchange for the promise of shorter review times by the FDA. Whether the Act has resulted in shorter review times is unclear. We conducted a regression analysis using data on FDA review times for devices seeking approval between 1991 and 2012 to address this question. During the pre-MDUFA era (1991–2002), review times for new devices fell by 8% annually for device applications submitted for approval under the more stringent process of premarket approval and fell by 4.5% annually for devices submitted under the less stringent premarket notification, or 501(k), process. These trends continued during the initial MDUFA era (2003–2008), as well as during the initial period after the law's reauthorization (2008–2012). Our results suggest that, for the years studied, the MDUFA was associated with a smaller annual decline in review times and does not appear to have achieved its intended goal of reducing review times for medical devices.


Both surgeons and anaesthetists liave long recognised the occasional occurrence of unpleasant symptoms, amounting in some cases to actual poisoning, from the use of chloroform in ill-ventilated rooms, and many samples of chloroform have been, no doubt unjustly, blamed as impure in consequence of such accidents arising. During the past few years, however, it has been shown in a considerable number of instances that the mischief is due to the decomposition of the chloroform vapour which takes place in the presence of a flame?as, for example, a gas flame?and that the injurious material formed by this decomposition is carbonyl chloride, a body discovered by Sir Humphry Davy and by him called phosgene gas. This is now so well recognised that it should be always borne in mind, for it is another and a very strong reason for avoiding the open method of administration when giving chloroform at night in the presence of any artificial illumination except the incandescent electric light. It is, perhaps, possible that even with a Junker inhaler, if the ventilation of the room were very deficient, some small amount of vapour might reach the flame, and thus give rise to the trouble


The sensitivity of very large scale integrated circuits to alphaparticle-induced soft errors is considered. It is shown that alpha flux levels in packages are unlikely to be reduced below 0.001-0.01 \alpha/cm2-h and that device design and technology changes will offer the most significant opportunities for soft error improvement. The use of error detection and correction (EDAC) will become more widespread in the next decade. Accelerated testing methods and additional sources of soft errors in VLSI are discussed.


The purpose of this research is to study the features, forms and structure, as well as the possibility of practical application of scribing in the process of teaching foreign language speech to students of technical universities. Scribing is considered to be a technology that has great didactic potential and contributes to the solution of pedagogical problems in various fields of knowledge. Having come to pedagogy from the business environment, this technology can also be used to develop oral speech skills in foreign languages. The main stages of scribing have been defined. It is noted that scribing technology can be considered as a type of project activity. The main advantages of this technology are highlighted. Paper versions of scribing on several topics have been developed and presented in accordance with the Foreign Languages Work Programs of the Rostov State Transport University. Methods of description, analysis, systematization and generalization of theoretical material have been used, as well as practical application of the studied technology during the classes of foreign languages. The analysis of the obtained results has been carried out. The results of the work will be of interest, first of all, to the tutors and teachers who are trying to apply innovative teaching technologies in the classroom. In future work, it is planned to develop and apply scribing for the presentation of other educational topics using online platforms.


This paper involves small unilamellar liposomes (SULs) of phosphatidylcholine (PC) imparted with a negative charge via the incorporation of cardiolipin (CL 2- ), a lipid with a double-negative charge. Such liposomes in water strongly adsorb polycations such as CP(2)(a 93/7 copolymer ofN-ethyl-4-vinylpyridinium bromide and 4-vinylpyridine) or CP(2,16) (a 83/3/14 copolymer of N-ethyl-4-vinylpyridinium bromide, N-cetyl-4-vinylpyridinium bromide, and 4-vinylpyridine). Neither CP(2) nor CP(2,16) disrupts the integrity of the PC-CL 2- liposome despite the tight binding. Addition of NaCl is able to totally dissociate CP(2) from the negative SULs, whereas CP(2,16) is only partially dissociated even at high salt concentrations. Thus, only 3% long-chain pendant groups on the polycation is sufficient to immobilize the polycation onto the negative surface of SULs. Similarly, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) in its anionic state will remove CP(2) from the liposome surface to form a CP(2)-PAA complex. CP(2,16), on the other hand, is more resistant to removal. Evidence is provided that the CP(2,16) associates with PAA but nonetheless remains on the surface of the liposome. Thus, a liposome-CP(2,16)-PAA ternary complex is created. This work makes heavy use of photon correlation spectroscopy, conductometry, electrophoretic mobility, and fluorescent labeling of the liposomes.


Based on the Fourier representation of spatial derivatives, the recursive convolution approaches, and the perfectly matched layer (PML), we develop a pseudospectral time-domain (PSTD) algorithm for electromagnetic problems involving general dispersive media. As a result of the accurate representation of spatial derivatives, the PSTD algorithm for dispersive media requires only a small number of cells per minimum wavelength, significantly reducing the number unknowns. Multidimensional numerical results confirm efficacy of the PSTD algorithm for large-scale inhomogeneous media.


There is much more to designing usable GUI screens than making them look good. The way a screen looks should tell the user how to interact with it, and what behaviour to expect. Screen design is about visual communication, the bridge between the look and the feel of the user interface. In this full day tutorial you will examine the principles of good screen design, including a detailed examination of screen layout, templates and metaphors.


Taking into account the diversified feature of information on the aerial platform, a multi-source data processing system was designed. The sender received multi-source data from different loads without frame format, and combined them into the multiplex frame. The system automatically determined the priority according to characteristics of multi-source data, and dynamically allocated space for multi-source data in the multiplex frame. The receiver decomposed the multiplex frame and retrieved multi-source data. The system has the versatility, high utilization, intelligent and scalable features. Now the system is successfully used in 863 programs, UAV( Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) and airship projects and so on. The practical application shows that the system can be commonly used for different types of loads and can be operated stably and reliably.


Abstract of Quantifying Mental Health via Ontological Engineering with a Bias Toward Mood Science. This text book address the problem of mental health from both qualitative and quantitative perspectives. As such it examines mental health from the beginning of life in the womb of the mother. Since no human alive every choose to be born, this approach appears to discount the notion of free-will. However by use of the World Knowledge DataBase (WKDB) as designed using a serial (as opposed to "stove pipe") architecture, free will is quantified from knowledge of the child birth parents. In particular the hormonal propagation of the birth mother provides a fertile data rich environment from which to quantify mental health while satisfying the knowledge database of mood science.


Abstract The comfort of the children is one of the important factor that must be considered by parents, especially when travel using a motorcycle. One of the equipment when using the motorcycle is helmet. Helmets that don't have the ergonomics aspect will cause fatigue in it's users. Therefore this study aims to redesign  the ergonomic helmet for the children. The design will be displayed in the form of 3D image and prototype. The first step in this research is collecting data. The data collected is anthropometric data children's heads as much as 80 students from kindergarten An-Namiroh. Anthropometric data that is needed are a high head, head width, head length, circle head, eyes to the head, and ears onto the head. The next step is anthropometric data processing which includes testing the normality of the data, testing the uniformity of data, testing the adequacy of the data, the calculation of percentiles, testing product concepts and drawings from the design. The last step is an analysis of the design product. Based on the results obtained helmet = 13 cm wide, circular helmet = 52.08 cm = 15,334 cm tall helmet, part of the helmet ear distance = 14.62 cm, length = 14.92 cm helmets, helmet glass distance to the eye is divided into 2 parts: a clear glass helmet = 4.85 cm, glass, black helmet = 5.72 cm. Key words: Anthropometry, Ergonomics, Helmet  children


BACKGROUND
We studied the effect of the prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and weight gain during pregnancy on the rate of puerperal complications after spontaneous vaginal delivery.

METHODS
This is a prospective cohort study of 11,114 women delivered spontaneously between 36 and 43 week's gestation at a university hospital, between January 1996 and December 2000. Postpartum complications were analyzed according to prepregnancy BMI category (low < 19.8; normal 19.8-26; high 26.1-29; obese > 29) and weight gain during pregnancy. Weight gain was defined as low, normal or high according to the National Academy of Science recommendations for BMI.

RESULTS
Overall, 7.3% women had complications. Anemia and readmission were significantly more common in lean women than in women with normal BMI (3.5% versus 2.6%; P = .021 and 1.0% versus 0.3%; P < .001, respectively). Obese women had significantly more infectious complications (especially urinary tract infection) than women with normal BMI (6.3% versus 3.8%; P = .005).

CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that obese women should be screened for puerperal urinary tract infection. Weight gain during pregnancy has no influence on puerperal complications.


The objective of this paper is to analyse the driving forces of the development of organic farming. More precisely what are the contributions of market, of policies and of territory ? This study was requested by the regional organic association (CORABIO) to ISARA and supported in the framework of regional policy, the PIDA Agriculture Biologique (Programme Integre de Developpement Agricole). The analysis was carried out in three areas of the Rhone Alpes Region. Surveys showed that market demand is not enough to explain the development of organic farming in an area. It is also necessary to find farmers, who are convinced by that production. Then the territory plays an important role in facilitating the development of organic projects : logistic facilities, partnerships (between producers, between producers and industries, between producers and consumers), institutional and financial support.


In the domestic and international environmentally friendly certification system, energy-related credit occupies a high ratio in the total distribution of certification score Leadership in the Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) system is a certification system developed by the US Green Building Council (USGBC) in order to assess the environmental friendliness of buildings. The energy-related credit is approximately 30% of the total and also the energy simulation ratio specifically is the highest among the single credits as it is 20%. In this research, the energy simulation process using Building Information Modeling (BIM) based on the energy simulation case performed at the A-Tower, LEED certification was proposed. It places an emphasis on the verification process which was short in the previous research. The architectural geometry modeled through the BIM tool is converted to the gbXML, and in this process the geometry is verified through the interference check functions, the gbXML Viewer and the FZKViewer. The energy simulation is performed after the verification procedure. The geometry verification process in the A-Tower project is presented throughout this paper. In conclusion, an improved process is proposed for the productivity and reliability of energy simulation.


Numerous satellite sensor systems have been launched during the last twenty years and satellite data are increasingly being used in regional or global vegetation monitoring. The observation of global vegetation from multiple satellites requires much effort to ensure continuity and compatibility due to differences in sensor characteristics and product generation algorithms. More recently the launch of hyperspectral sensor like Hyperion make the compatibility problem even more difficult as the very narrow hyperspectral bands need to be simulated to the broader multispectral bands before proceed to any further comparison. In this study we tried to compare multispectral (Landsat ETM+ and EO-1 Advanced Land Imager) data with hyperspectral (Hyperion) data for the vegetation cover mapping of Milos Island. All the data were collected the same day within one-minute time. As a result the atmospheric conditions were exactly the same and that make the data ideal for comparison. The performance of the EO-1 Hyperion imaging spectrometer with the Advanced Land Imager (ALI) and the Landsat 7 ETM+ sensor was compared using a method that aggregated portions of the Hyperion 10 nm bands to simulate the broader multispectral bands of ALI and ETM+. The general process was to calculate a weighted sum of the Hyperion bands that covered each Landsat band. The weights used in the sum were derived, by comparing the spectral response of the hyperspectral bands with the respective multispectral band. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index was used for the comparison of the three data sets and the results are presented in this study.


One of the forms of the informal sector is street vendors, and they unknowingly possess numerous potentials and uncounted benefits that could significantly contribute to Indonesia's economy. The purpose of this research is to analyze the factors influencing street vendors' access to support from banks. Conducted in Balikpapan, East Kalimantan, this quantitative study utilizes primary data collected through distributed questionnaires, specifically targeting starch-dough fried street vendors. The analysis method employed in this research includes descriptive and factor analysis, which was performed using SPSS version 29. The findings reveal three new factors that hold significant influence and present fresh perspectives for street vendors seeking support. These factors are (1) awareness of street vendor formalization, (2) development of street vendors, and (3) prejudice towards vendor association. The research results indicate that the predictive ability of all independent variables as new perspectives for street vendors amounts to 56.275%. However, it is worth noting that the remaining 43.725% is affected by other variables that have not been taken into account within this particular study. In conclusion, this research highlights the importance of recognizing and tapping into the potential of street vendors, as well as understanding the factors that can help them access support from financial institutions for their economic growth and development.