Low efficiency was a long-standing problem on No.5 boiler in Nanjing Cogeneration Power Plant.With the steam turbine load 110 MW,the No.5 boiler load was below 355 t/h.In order to improve the safety and economics of boiler operation,the technic retrofit of No.5 boiler were carried through,were raised to improve the safety and economics of boiler operation.According to the tests results,the retrofitting options on No.5 boiler were raised with good economic benefit obtained and security.The experience of the retrofit of the No.5 boiler may be provided as a reference for the design and retrofit of the same type boilers.


Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objective The present study aims to describe a widely held misconception in the literature concerning preoperative hypertension diagnosis. The blood pressure elevation occurring in the operative room is seen commonly even in subjects considered hitherto fully normotensive. As these patients have a condition which – similar to White Coat Hypertension (WCH) – indicates the presence of hypertension, and thus necessitates more frequent intraoperative checks. Methods We have named a condition 'Diagnosed in Operating Room (DIOR) with Hypertension', following the preoperative stage at which it is detected. Result Our observational study evaluated 718 elective noncardiac surgery adult patients, finding 28% of them (n = 204) to be 'DIOR-tensive' and thus at risk for suboptimal intraoperative care. Conclusion In addition to recommending a modification to the domain's best practices, we provide a preliminary description of DIOR hypertension patient identifying characteristics (older, higher body weight and BMI, and higher rates of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypothyroidism and obesity), so that DIOR hypertension patients may be more readily identified, and that future research may build on the findings, and that the operating team may remain generally aware that this problem can occur and be dealt with regardless of the patient's medical history.


Oldham Council and partners are backing a regional campaign "Let's Look again at Alcohol" to protect more young people from alcohol.


In this paper we take a general OSARP inspection as an example to explain the method of inspection of an OSARP. We relate the adjustable quantities of each adjustable assembly of the OSARP (Optical Systhetic Aperture Radar Processor) with each characteristic number of a SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) data film. The applicable range of the OSARP is obtained by testing the adjustable quantities. The imaging quality of the OSARP is inspected with the general testing targets and a shift lens. The advanced inspection of the OSARP is done with the simulated SAR data films. It is a different way, but the results are the same as the former. Finally, the ture SAR data film is processed to whow the comprehensive imaging quality of the SAR and the OSARP. The experimental pictures and data presented in this paper are for reference only. The experimental results show that the method is applicable.


A generalized and unified method of interpolation and transformation is used to generate all known maximal distance codes and important subfield subcodes. Some powerful tools for the analysis and synthesis of maximal distance codes are presented, as well as a generalization of the Mattson-Solomon polynomial and Lagrange and Fourier transforms to more general functions. In certain cases new codes can be obtained by differentiating a kernel function. Some further generalizations of Srivastava codes are constructed. A general method of decoding is given which can be used for complete decoding of ali coset leaders.


Background: The discrimination of inactive inflammatory processes from the active form of the disease is of great importance in the management of interstitial lung disease (ILD). Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of 99mTc-IgG scan for the detection of severity of disease compared to high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and pulmonary function test (PFT). Patients and Methods: Eight known cases of ILD including four cases of Mustard gas (MG) intoxication and four patients with ILD of unknown cause were included in this study. A population of six patients without lung disease was considered as the control group. The patients underwent PFT and high-resolution computed tomography, followed by 99mTc-IgG scan. They were followed up for one year. 99mTc-IgG scan assessment of IgG uptake was accomplished both qualitatively (subjectively) and semiquantitatively. Results: All eight ILD patients demonstrated a strong increase in 99mTc-IgG uptake in the lungs, compared to the control patients. The 99mTc-IgG scan scores were higher in the patient group (0.64[95% confidence interval(CI)=0.61-0.69])) than the control group (0.35 (0.35[95% CI=0.28-0.40]), (P<0.05)). In patients, a statistically significant positive correlation was detected between 99mTc-IgG scan and HRCT scores (Spearman's correlation coefficient = 0.92, P < 0.008). The 99mTc-Human Immunoglobulin (HIG) scores were not significantly correlated with PFT findings (including FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC), O2 saturation and age ( P values > 0.05). There were no significant correlations between 99mTc-IgG score and HRCT patterns including ground glass opacity, reticular fibrosis and honeycombing (P value > 0.05). Conclusion: The present results confirmed that 99mTc-IgG scan could be applied to detect the severity of pulmonary involvement, which was well correlated with HRCT findings. This data also showed that the 99mTc-IgG scan might be used as a complement to HRCT in the functional evaluation of the clinical status in ILD; however, further studies are recommended.


The Zealot is the man who takes refuge from the unknown in the familiar; and when he joins battle with a stranger who practices superior tactics and employs formidable newfangled weapons, and finds himself getting the worst of the encounter, he responds by practicing his own traditional art of war with abnormally scrupulous exactitude. "Zealotism," in fact, may be described as archaism evoked by foreign pressure1....This paragraph aptly describes the Islamist movement of today and was written by Arnold Toynbee over 60 years ago, in describing the reaction of the Islamic East in confronting a superior Western civilization. The current author has written extensively on the ineffectiveness of Arab conventional armies and cultural factors involved,2 and also on the cultural and social reasons the Arab insurgent is so much more effective.3 The author has also written a great deal on why Western training methods are only marginally effective with Arab armies.4 With this ineffectiveness of Arab armies in conventional combat against disciplined foes, then, how has the Islamic State (IS, formerly the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and the Islamic State of Iraq and Levant (ISIL)) created a near mythology of epic warrior success?This article will examine the strategy and tactical effectiveness of the Islamic State and relate it to early Islamic warfare and conquests of Arabia. It is the purpose of this paper to show that much of their effectiveness can be traced to recreating an earlier era of warfare and adhering to traditional Bedouin Arab warfare and its cultural attributes.5 In this regard, the tendency by many Western historians assessing early Arab/Islamic warfare has been to disregard the influence of Islamic doctrine. However, the rise of the Islamic State and its seemingly dogmatic attention to the early teachings of Islam have brought "Islamic warfare" back into the limelight.It is true one would be hard pressed to find in the recent history of the Arab world any overwhelming evidence that Arab armies fought in accordance with Islamic dictates, and many would deny that something called "Islamic warfare" even exists.6 Partially, this is due to the embedded mythology that characterizes early Islamic warfare. Perhaps more importantly the dangers of treading the minefield of a critical analysis of Islam can be detrimental to an academic-or even a military-teaching career.Much of the success of the early warriors, ill-disciplined and lacking in conventional military organization, reflected an ingrained Arab way of war that was in consonance with tribal and village culture.7 The IS doctors of doctrine have delved into past and sometimes obscure passages of various Islamic teachings, adding their own interpretations to recreate a mythical caliphate and justify almost any sort of barbarism. The core of IS leadership, including experienced officers of Saddam's Ba'thist regime,8 has created a successful integration of early Arab/Islamic doctrine and modern multidimensional warfare to excite the imagination of youth, while instilling fear into the hearts of their opponents.Some of the characteristics of this Islamic warfare so effectively used by the IS are their use of terror, intimidation, ruse and the use of war, not as a means to an end but an end in itself. War in the Western sense is seen as a failure of diplomacy, but in medieval Islamic history, it is the dictate of God's plan.9 The emphasis on human assets is paramount in the Islamic way of war.The early wars within the Islamic world and against the first two great external enemies, the Persians and Greeks, are the focus of this admittedly first look at the connection between IS strategy and tactics and those of the early Islamic commanders. This is not to imply that IS, a movement combining the cutting edge of social media and propaganda, somehow roots its entire conduct of warfare in medieval Islamic history, much of which is unreliable at best. …


We introduce and experimentally demonstrate a simple yet reliable and fast tool for estimating BER of lightpaths over uncompensated links. The model provides accurate estimates for capacity upgrade scenarios when modulation format order is increased.


We consider evaluating the UK Monetary Policy Committee's inflation density forecasts using probability integral transform goodness-of-fit tests and measures related to a decision/cost based approach. In implementing the decision-based approach a number of difficulties arise in the absence of full information on payoffs, and when the actual and forecast inflation probabilities may depend on the actions taken in setting interest rates.


An integrated approach to climate and energy policy is required to meet the challenges associated with climate changes caused by anthropogenic emissions. At the same time, the demand for electricit ...


A series of double metal cyanide (DMC) complexes based on Zna[M(CN)b]c (M= Fe2+,Cr3+, Ni2+, Co3+, Mn3+, Mo4+, Cd2+ and Fe3+) were prepared and employed as catalysts for copolymerization of propylene oxide and CO2 to investigate the effect of central metal on catalytic performance. The results showed that the efficiency of catalysts and the composition of products varied significantly with change of central metal. The DMC based on Co3+, Ni2+ exhibited highest efficiency among these catalysts, which was 2000 and 482 g/g, whereas the DMC based on Cd2+, Mn3+ nearly exhibited no catalytic activity towards copolymerization. The copolymer with molar fraction of CO2(x(CO2) )greater than 0.3 could be obtained when DMC based on Co3+, Ni2+, Fe3+ were employed, in contrast copolymers with low x(CO2) (≤0.1)produced in most cases for other catalysts.


Research using electronic health care databases continues to grow given widespread adoption of electronic health records (EHR). As manual record review is often not feasible with the increasing amount of data, use of International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems‐Clinical Modification (ICD‐CM) codes are a method of capturing the study population or abstracting outcomes. The accuracy of ICD‐CM coding and methodological validity of its use in medical research has been variable.


The Upper Interlake Subgroup (Silurian) of the central Williston Basin produces oil and gas from a sequence of thinly interbedded peritidal dolomites and calcareous dolomites. Most of the formation consists of light gray dolomite mudstones with 0-24% porosity and very low permeability (< 0.5 md) even where porosity exceeds 10%. These subtidal mudstones exhibit irreducible water saturations from 85-100% for capillary pressures of 0 to 100 psia. For all structures in the central Williston Basin with less than 350 feet of oil column, almost no oil has entered the pore system of these rocks. The subtidal mudstones grade upward into high intertidal to low supratidal, buff to light gray calcareous dolomites, which are commonly capped by blackened dolomite caliche crusts formed in the high supratidal zone. Fenestral algal boundstones are the primary reservoir rocks found in this portion of the Interlake cycles, with porosity ranging from 5 to 24% and permeability from 0.01 to 1000 md. Although the observed porosity range completely overlaps the porosities found in the non-reservoir mudstones, the larger pore sizes and excellent connection between pores results in irreducible water saturations of 20 to 80% for capillary pressures from 0 to 100 psia. These rocks contain essentially all the producible hydrocarbons in the Upper Interlake. salt thin-bedded formation in 3


Compositesof montmorillonite (MMT) lithium salts have been prepared using a simple process of powders mixing followed by heating. The powders resulting from this method are expected to beionic conductors with a high ionic conductivity characteristics. This characteristics is also further improved by employing gamma-ray irradiation technique at specified irradiation doses. The best results were obtained for the (LiCl)0.5(MMT)0.5 composite with a room temperature ionic conductivity of 2.192 mS/cm, which then increases to ~5 mS/cm after gamma irradiation at a dose of 400 kGy. This value is equivalent to the value of the ionic conductivity of current commercial rechargeable lithium battery, which is ~10 mS/cm. However the commercial battery system is still employing an unsafe organic electrolyte. By employing this lightweight,inexpensive and high-temperature resistant ceramic montmorillonite, the final result of this Research and Development workt is expected to provide an alternative solid electrolyte system for rechargeable battery which is safer and more inexpensive especially for secondary battery technology development in Indonesia.


In the report the author analyzes the results of psychological diagnostics of Ukrainian villagers. On their basis the author tried to make a forecast concerning the future dynamics of the state and behavior of the villagers. This is the extension of the report previously printed last year.


This study investigated the Quality of Life and Subjective Wellbeing of Australian Adults with and without autism. This thesis validated the Personal Wellbeing index for use among Australian adults with an autism spectrum condition.


Watercress is a vegetable whose consumption has been increasing over time in the
Ecuadorian highlands, because of its high nutritional value. According to studies from
other countries, watercress is highly susceptible to bacteria, parasites and heavy metals
accumulate. In this investigation it carried out microbiological and heavy metal
determination in watercress Nasturtium officinale R. Br. sold in 30 markets of the
Metropolitan District of Quito. Fresh samples were analyzed according to the color,
odor, size and weight of leaves (length: 9.51-18.62 cm, width: 3.02-7.61 cm and weight:
0.33-1.90 g). Then, it was performed the physicochemical characterization, where the
average value of all samples was: 92.78% moisture, 1.28% ash, 3.78 °Brix (soluble
solids), pH 6.78 and 0.07% titratable acidity (oxalic acid). Heavy metals analyzed were
lead and cadmium; these were within the maximum level of concentration in leafy
vegetables established by CODEX, while CFU/g (Colony-Forming Units per gram) of
aerobic mesophilic bacteria in all samples exceeded the microbiological limits
established in the regulations proposed by Moragas and De Pablo, except for one
market. Aerobic mesophilic bacteria were not correlated directly with the parameters
pH, moisture and oBrix. In parasitology, all samples had at least a cyst and concluded
that watercress sold in Quito markets lacks health and it may be dangerous to human
health.


We report on the variation of infection and histopathological change of Microcotyle sebastisci parasitic on cultured rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli, in Namhae Islands and Kamak Bay from April to October in 1995. Microcotylosis due to Microcotyle sebastisci occurred among cultured rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli. This parasite was not found on the host fish from June to July. Parasite sites were mainly consist of 2nd and 3rd gill arch`s filaments of rockfish. Also, the sites were secreted in large quantity of mucus with a very small bleeding. In Namhae Islands, maximum values of prevalence, relative density and mean intensity were found on September 1995, as 40.0%, 30.7 and 76.8, respectively. In Kamak Bay, maximum values of prevalence, relative density and mean intensity were obtained on October 1995, as 46.0%, 40.5 and 88.0, respectively. Histopathological changes of the heavily infested gills were showed necrosis, epithelium of the gill filaments underwent hyperplasia with fusion of the lamella and filamental clubbing. And a bacterial colony is invaded on the surface of lamella epithelium.


Zircon is a rare metal natural mineral composed of zirconia and silica. The silica content in zircon can be used as anode material for lithium-ion batteries because of the low cost and high theoretical capacity. Silica is obtained from the extraction process of zircon with 5M NaOH solution with aging time variation to determine the silica surface area. The SiO2/C composite was obtained from the solid state reaction process of a mixture of silica and graphite. The silica results obtained were tested for characteristics using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Surface area analyzer (SAA), and Scanning electron microscopy/Energy dispersive x-ray (SEM/EDX). Test the battery performance to find the number of cycles, capacity, voltage, and battery current using Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Continuous discharging current (CDC) tests. The highest silica yield and optimal surface area were obtained at 24 hours aging time variation of 8,721 m2/g with percentages of O 36.48% and Si 18.04%, and battery performance test with the highest capacity of 222.7 mAh/g on silica aging time variation 18 hours.


Background Themetereddoseinhaler is difficult tousecorrectly, synchronising actuation withinhalation beingthemost important problem. A breathactuated pressurised inhaler, designedto help patients withpoorinhaler technique, was comparedwith a conventional metereddoseinhaler intermsofaerosol deposition andbronchodilator response. MethodsRadioaerosol deposition and bronchodilator responseto100pgsalbutamol weremeasuredin18asthmatic patients, who inhaled froma conventional metereddoseinhaler bytheir own chosenmetereddoseinhaler technique, from a conventional metereddose inhaler byataught metereddoseinhaler technique, andfroma breathactuated pressured inhaler (Autohaler). Results Inthe10patients who could coordinate actuation andinhalation of theinhaler on theirown deposition of aerosol inthelungsandbronchodilator response wereequivalent on thethree studydays.By contrast, intheeight patients who couldnotcoordinate the mean (SEM)percentage of thedose deposited inthelungswiththeirown inhaler technique (7-2%(3-4%)) wassubstantial lowerthanthoseattained bythe taught metereddoseinhaler technique (22-8%(2-5%)) andbyAutohaler (20-8% (1P7%)). Although oflittle additional benefit toasthmatic patients withgood coordination, theAutohaler ispotentially a valuable aidtothosewithpoor coordination, andshouldbeconsidered inpreference toaconventional metered doseinhaler inanypatient whoseinhaler technique isnotknowntobesatisfactory.


Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a progressive, complex neurodegenerative disease characterised by both motor and non-motor symptoms. PD medications are time sensitive, and their correct prescription and administration are crucial in optimal management strategies. Previous work presented at the Irish Gerontological Society showed a lack of knowledge regarding PD and its medications among healthcare staff in a level four hospital.

 Data were collected from a retrospective chart analysis of PD admissions in 2019. 115 admissions coded PD were identified from HIPE data. Subsequently, 10 patients were randomly selected from medical, surgical, and orthopaedic admissions respectively (39 admissions). Patients were excluded if they were not on PD-specific medications or if their drug Kardex was not available. 28 patient Kardex's were reviewed. Data was collected using a predetermined spreadsheet and analysed using Microsoft Excel.

 100% of patients were on levodopa medication. 86% of patients did not receive their appropriate PD medications in the Emergency department. 21% had errors in medication prescription (omitted drug [n = 4, 14%], incorrect timings [n = 2, 7%]) on admission. 75% missed at least one dose of levodopa. 83 doses of levodopa were missed across the 28 admissions. 40% were because the patient was nil by mouth (NPO), while 21% had no reason documented. 64% of patients had doses of levodopa delayed by more than 1 hour, with over 80% of these in the perioperative period. 5 patients (18%) received antidopaminergic drugs.

 This review highlighted multiple shortcomings in PD medication management during acute admissions. We introduced hospital guidelines for the management of patients with PD while NPO. This guideline includes information on alternatives to oral route, advice regarding the perioperative period, and medications to avoid. It has been approved by the Medications and Therapeutics committee and will be introduced with education sessions at the changeover. We will reaudit practices after 6 months.


The utility model provides a rotor for a permanent-magnet motor, which comprises a rotating shaft, a front clamping ring, an iron core, a rear clamping ring and a permanent magnet, wherein, the iron core is sleeved on the rotating shaft via interference fit. The rotor is characterized in that the permanent magnet is sealed and embedded in a permanent magnet slot of the iron core, and permanent magnet slot wedges for fixing the permanent magnet are arranged on both sides of the permanent magnet; both ends of the permanent magnet slot of the iron core are encapsulated via the front clamping ring and the rear clamping ring which are compressed on both end surfaces of the iron core via a pull rod; and moreover, a ventilation hole which serves as a ventilation air duct of the rotor is formed on the side of an iron core punching sheet close to the inner circle.


A disaster brings huge damages to both infrastructure and human beings. The rapid and efficient disaster management is critical for reducing the negative effects by the disasters. A widely accepted approach to assist disaster management is to find and learn the experiences from the similar cases in history. Thus, to record the whole procedure of each disaster, a digital disaster case structure is offered in this paper. The importance of spatial and temporal information for a digital disaster case is focused through the experiences of disaster management. Then a simplified case based reasoning method with the considering of spatial-temporal information is proposed. Comparing with the traditional cased based reasoning methods, it is simple to use and can handle the attributes with basic geospatial dimensions. The proposed method can be integrated to the widely constructed emergency platform as a part of functions of the disaster case repository for assisting the disaster management.


We study with finite temperature Monte Carlo simulation the temperature-dependent demagnetization behaviour of exchange-coupled multilayers of hard (SmCo5) and soft (FeCo) magnetic materials. The easy axis of the hard phase is perpendicular to the layers, as is motivated by recent experimental results. We perform simulations with and without the dipolar interaction and study the effect of finite temperature on the coercivity, the remanence and the energy density of the composites. We investigate these properties as functions of the soft layer thickness. We find that as the temperature is increased, the increase in the energy product with the addition of soft material becomes progressively smaller than expected because the increase in the remanent magnetization is less than anticipated for two reasons. Because of the different magnetization densities between the hard and the soft phases, magnetic charges are created at the hard–soft boundaries. To reduce the corresponding dipolar energy, at moderate temperatures the magnetization of the soft phase becomes tilted with respect to that of the hard phase; at relatively high temperatures vortex-like structures are created in the soft phase. Furthermore, the addition of soft material reduces the spin wave stiffness and increases the amount of thermal fluctuation. These two effects reduce the rate of increase of the magnetic moment and hence the maximum energy product. At low temperatures, the hysteresis curve shows a two-stage magnetization reversal process. Simulation results for the first instability field Hc1 are in reasonable agreement with theoretical nucleation field Hn estimates for a moderate amount of soft materials. The difference between Hc1 and Hn when the amount of soft material is small is explained. As the temperature is increased, the two-stage process disappears, most likely due to the formation of vortex-like structures in the soft phase.


Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects millions of people worldwide, and its prevalence is increasing. The two primary subtypes, type 1 and 2, have different causes and mechanisms, but both result in abnormal glucose metabolism. The standard of care for diabetes includes insulin therapy, oral anti-diabetic medications, diet, exercise, weight loss, and frequent self-monitoring of blood glucose levels. However, these treatments have limitations that can lead to poor patient compliance and suboptimal outcomes. Alternative insulin delivery systems such as inhalers, patches, and oral sprays offer potential benefits such as increased convenience, reduced pain, and improved adherence. Non-insulin injectables, long-acting basal insulins, and GLP-1 agonists have also shown promise in improving glycemic control and reducing the risk of complications. Nanoparticle-based systems like SLNs are a novel approach that offers several advantages for diabetic management. They allow for targeted drug delivery, controlled release, and improved biocompatibility, enhancing drug efficacy and reducing side effects. SLNs have shown potential in animal models for reducing extracellular matrix degradation, inhibiting carbohydrate digestive enzymes, and enhancing the regeneration of insulin-producing beta cells. More studies are needed to validate their safety and efficacy in humans, but the potential benefits of SLNs make them a promising option for diabetes management.


La2/3Sr1/3Mn1-xCuxO3-β (LSMC perovskite) ceramic samples were prepared by using a polymerized complex method. Their magnetization under a 100-Oe DC magnetic field steeply changed in the vicinity of Curie temperature Tc, which linearly decreased with increasing Cu content, x. When the LSMC samples were kept in a starch paste and exposed to an alternating magnetic field (40 Oe-rms and 1 MHz), the temperature of the paste was increased and stabilized at a temperature that corresponded well with the Tc of the LSMC perovskite. The stabilized temperature did not change much (e.g., from 38 to 42°C when the field strength increased from 20 to 50 Oe.) compared to conventional ferromagnetic materials whose magnetization does not change abruptly. The LSMC perovskites show promise as materials for heating mediators that have temperature-self-controlled magnetic hyperthermia.


The red alga Asterocytis ramosa has been cultivated aseptically in artificial seawater ASP6 F. The alga shows optimal growth at 22·5–25° C. Optimal light conditions as well as phosphorus and nitrogen requirements were investigated. Nitrate and ammonium salts as well as organic nitrogen can be used as a nitrogen source. Arginine was an extremely good source of nitrogen, presumably because it splits off urea. Asterocytis is vitamin B12 heterotrophic and growth is obtained with cyanocobalamin, Factor III and Factor Z1. A mixture of other vitamins gives further stimulation. In the newly isolated culture, hexoses and pentoses enhanced growth. Acetate increased growth in an old axenic culture. In darkness no growth was obtained.


The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon can be both measured and computed to a very high precision, making it a powerful probe to test the Standard Model and search for new physics. The previous measurement by the Brookhaven E821 experiment found a discrepancy from the SM predicted value of about three standard deviations. The Muon g–2 experiment at Fermilab will improve the precision to 140 parts per billion compared to 540 parts per billion of E821 by increasing statistics and using upgraded apparatus. The first run of data taking has been accomplished in Fermilab, where the same level of statistics as E821 has already been attained. This paper, summarizes the current experimental status and briefly describes the data quality of the first run. It compares the statistics of this run with E821 and discusses the future outlook.


The modeling of Li-Paczyński macronova/kilonova signals gives a reasonable estimate on the neutron-rich material ejected during the neutron star mergers. Usually the accretion disk is more massive than the macronova ejecta, with which the efficiencies of converting the disk mass into prompt emission of three merger-driven GRBs can hence be directly constrained. Supposing the macronovae/kilonovae associated with GRB 050709, GRB 060614, and GRB 130603B arose from radioactive decay of the r-process material, the upper limit on energy conversion efficiencies are found to be as low as ∼10−6–10−4. Moreover, for all three events, neutrino annihilation is likely powerful enough to account for the brief gamma-ray flashes. Neutrino annihilation can also explain the "extended" emission lasting ∼100 s in GRB 050709, but does not work for the one in GRB 060614. These progresses demonstrate that the macronova can serve as a novel probe of the central engine activity.


The external auditory canal (EAC) is formed by lateral cartila ginous and medial bony part. The stenosis of EAC is narrowing of the width of the EAC, i.e. either caused by congenital or acquired causes. Myringosclerosis is a condition caused by calcification of tissues in the tympanic membrane and ossi fication is a special form of fibrosis due to the longterm, irreversible continued inflammation in the middle ear cleft. We are presenting rare case of idiopathic tympanic membrane ossification with generalized stenosis of EAC in 29yearold patient.


Neuropilin‐1 (NRP1) is a highly interactive molecule that exists as transmembrane and soluble isoforms. Measurement of circulating levels of soluble NRP1 (sNRP1) in human serum and plasma has proven to be difficult due to present matrix interferences and due to the lack of a reliable technique.


In the Rhetoric, Aristotle considers emotions in two different contexts: as motives for wrongdoing in book I, and as influences on judgement in book II. In the long chapter on pleasure in book I, he adopts a Platonic framework, treating pleasure as the fulfilment of a painful lack. In book II, he describes emotions as caused by impressions (φαντασίαι) of either good or bad things, suggesting a theory that would classify them as either pleasures or pains. The Stoics developed a theory of emotion along these lines, with the difference of insisting that impressions that lead to emotions are always mistaken.


Adjuvants drive the efficacy of many vaccines, however, they also elicit undesirable inflammation which is commonly pyrogenic resulting in local or systemic increases in temperature. Based on this, we envisioned that inversely coupling adjuvant potency to small (~2 °C) temperature changes could be a uniquely effective approach to balance efficacy while maintaining safety and tolerability. Here we report the first Thermophobic Adjuvant Polymers (TAPs) that reversibly attenuate potency in response to temperature. TAPs consisted of co-polymers containing both trehalose glycolipid adjuvant and thermoresponsive N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) subunits. In an Influenza A/California/04/2009 virus vaccine mouse model, TAPs were effective adjuvants. Mice immunized with TAPs adjuvanted vaccine exhibited increased neuraminidase neutralizing antibodies, lymph CD4 +T cells, and CD4 +/44 +/62L +lung central memory T cells. Protection after viral rechallenge was comparable between TAPs and alum adjuvanted vaccines. At 37 °C in-vitro, TAPs elicited cytokine profiles comparable to other glycolipid adjuvants in the JAWSII cell line and primary CD11c +BMDCs. Relative to 37 °C, inflammation (TNF-α and IL-6) was enhanced at 35 °C and abrogated at 39 °C. DLS and NOESY-NMR suggest that the temperature-dependent activity is due to intramolecular hydrophobic shielding between the adjuvant and NIPAM which is enhanced beyond the lower critical solution temperature. Overall, this study demonstrates TAPs are an effective influenza vaccine adjuvant and elicit inflammation which is inversely linked to temperature. We envision this approach could be extended to many other adjuvants to enhance efficacy while maintaining safety and tolerability.
 Supported by grants from NIH (1R01CA234115), AAI (Careers in immunology fellowship), and the Washington Research Foundation.


Studies were conducted on the selected quality attributes of rice flour obtained by dry and wet grinding methods. Raw and parboiled rice have been dry ground at a moisture content of 12%, while wet grinding is performed at 30%. The functional properties of ground samples and doughs made out of the flours were characterized. The damaged starch contents in the dry ground rice flour were 21.5 and 22.6% for raw and parboiled samples, respectively; whereas, these were only 8.7 and 9.5% for wet ground samples. The dry ground rice flour formed sticky dough having high stickiness values but it was less cohesive in nature compared to those of wet ground samples. The doughs made from wet ground rice were more adhesive than the dry ground samples; the former was suitable for forming extrusion processing for preparing various convenience foods like pasta and noodles.


29 Background: The current standard of care for stage II/III esophageal carcinoma for patients who can withstand aggressive therapy is chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery (tri-modality therapy). This is the largest study of its kind to date.

METHODS
Using the National Cancer Database (NCDB) 46,758 patients diagnosed with stage II/III esophageal carcinoma between 2000 and 2009 were identified. The NCDB database includes data from 70% of cancer patients in the US.

RESULTS
In stage II/III esophageal cancer private insurance holders received more tri-modality therapy (39%) than VA insurance (18%), Medicaid (22%), Medicare (18%), and the uninsured (19%) (p<0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference in the amount of tri-modality therapy received in patients with VA, Medicare, or no insurance. Medicaid patients received more tri-modality therapy than Medicare, uninsured, and VA patients (p<0.05). VA and uninsured patients received no treatment more frequently (13%) than those with private insurance (5%), Medicare (10%), and Medicaid (9%) (p<0.0003). Patients over 70 less frequently underwent tri-modality therapy (13%) as compared to those under 70 (34%, p<0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS
Although VA, Medicare, and the uninsured patients received similar rates of tri-modality therapy (18-19%), it was much less than private insurance holders (39%). Medicaid patients received less tri-modality therapy than private insurance holders despite similar ages. Uninsured patients received a similar amount of tri-modality therapy as those with VA and Medicare. [Table: see text].


The need for space to carry out human activities is increasing day by day. One of them is for teaching and learning activities that require better classrooms. With the growth in the number of students, the need for classrooms cannot be avoided. Classroom construction is a form of labor-intensive construction work. To start construction activities, start by budgeting construction costs. Cost budgeting is required so that the contractor can provide information to the client regarding the required costs. This study aims to determine the budget for building classrooms. The study used the BOW method. The BOW method is considered sufficient because it makes the building labor intensive. The research was conducted on an area of 5 x 7 meters. The results showed that to build a classroom on vacant land, Rp. 74.567.534. Contractors strengthen foundation work such as concrete work, wall work, and floor work. These three jobs use higher construction costs.


FIELD: engines and pumps. SUBSTANCE: rotary gas turbine engine contains a centrifugal impeller with centrifugal channels rigidly mounted on the shaft, which compresses the oxidizing working fluid supplied to it, installed in a toroidal combustion chamber coaxial with it, tangentially located on it nozzles, providing creation of a reactive force pulse from flowing through nozzles combustion products of the mixture of inflammable and oxidizing working fluid for impeller and combustion chamber rotation, means for supplying inflammable working fluid and means of ignition of the mixture of inflammable and oxidizing working fluid. The internal cavity of the combustion chamber housing is divided into individual combustion chambers by rigidly fixed transverse partitions, which are a continuation of the impeller blades, and fixed to form the inlet openings into separate combustion chambers. The outlet openings of the centrifugal channels are open in the cavity of the individual combustion chambers through the inlet openings. At least one outlet of the centrifugal channel is open to the cavity of each individual combustion chamber provided with at least one nozzle made supersonic in the form of a round or flat Laval nozzle. The central axis of the nozzle at its inlet coincides in direction with the central axis of the individual combustion chamber at its outlet. Separate combustion chambers are provided with means for supplying the inflammable working fluid and with ignition means located in each transverse partition and allowing simultaneous ignition of the mixture of inflammable and oxidizing working fluid in adjacent combustion chambers adjacent to each other. Between the centrifugal impeller and individual combustion chambers, a throttling means is provided to provide the desired flow and thermodynamic parameters of the compressed streams of the oxidizing working fluid at the inlet to each individual combustion chamber. EFFECT: increased efficiency and reliability of the rotary gas turbine engine by organizing a sustainable and efficient burning of the fuel-air mixture. 8 cl, 3 dwg


flowering of the Khmer style, in the late eleventh and twelfth centuries, displays imaginative shapes that must endear it to the modern studio potter, and certainly class it with the most entertaining of the pre-Song inventions of Chinese potters: birds, elephants, tortoises, pot-bellied humans turned into vessels, the detail of conch shells incorporated into profiles, gourds and fruit imitated our chief witness to the minor art of the Khmers. The noble pedestal urns suggest architecture by their cordons and arcading, and some sturdy pedestal bowls aim at the solidity of bronze. It must be accepted that the meandering of viscous brown glaze on vessel sides was appreciated for itself, since it appears to be approximately contemporary with pots wearing a uniform smooth orange-brown or light celadon-green. Having in mind all previous publication, the OUP is to be congratulated on this surpassing contribution to our bookish knowledge of the subject.


In the last years many research studies have been focused on the features of MILD combustion that is a stable form of combustion, obtained with high temperature reactants and high exhaust gas recirculation and characterized by low flame temperature and, consequently, low Nox emissions. This form of combustion is also characterized by low light emissions (for this reason it is also called "flameless" combustion) and a large range of stable operation. MILD combustion has been already applied in industrial furnaces where ceramic regenerators provide to raise the temperature of the entering diluted air, the main advantages being high efficiency and low emissions. The introduction of MILD combustion in power plants would allow for increasing the temperature of the entering reactants beyond the self-ignition temperature without increasing the NOx emission. The main goals of this technique are low combustion exergy losses, large range of stable combustion, and low NOx emissions. Some experiments have shown that the flameless conditions can be obtained using diluted reactants, even using heavy fuel oil. Good results in terms of NOx emissions and soot formation have been obtained for heavy oil combustion in a 10% oxygen concentration of reactants and combustion chamber inlet temperature of about 900K. In order to meet these conditions, a semiclosed CCGT cycle with high recirculation ratio, suitable for the use of heavy fuel oil, is proposed here, assuming state-of-the-art technologies for gas turbine and steam plant and steam cooling of the turbine blades. The thermodynamic analysis shows that the overall plant efficiency of the new scheme is close to 60% that is about the efficiency that can be obtained in modern CCGT power plant fuelling natural gas.Copyright © 2004 by ASME


Aiming at the problem that aliasing noise will be introduced when alleviating network congestion by software down-sampling in IP video communication,a spatial processing method of aliasing noise is proposed. It uses mask operator to preprocess image before down-sampling. The system test indicates that this method can effectively reduce the aliasing noise of the low resolution video image. The method is simple,easy to realize and real-time. It guarantees the smoothness and robustness of the video when the network is in congestion.


Image workstation is applied to observe the images of pathological tissue;and it is used to save and output any one of the images,in order for doctor diagnosis and treatment.This paper is mainly about the functions of the image workstation,and it from three parts to prove that all the functions can be implanted.The three parts is about image-pretreatment,images browsing and reference functions and building a database to save data.


Eight watercourses in North-Central Sardinia were studied between 2008 and 2009 to ascertain their environmental quality and to gain insights into the requirements for their proper management. In addition to physicochemical and microbiological parameters, epilithic diatoms were analyzed at 15 stations. Data on the diatom community of each sample were used to calculate the diatom-based eutrophication/pollution index (EPI-D) and the biological diatom index (IBD). In the 21 collected samples, 153 taxa belonging to 36 genera were identified, but the diatom flora also included species that could not be determined with certainty. Most of the observed diatoms are considered cosmopolitan and were common to various sites, with Cocco- neis placentula var. pseudolineata and Diadesmis confervacea among the most frequent and sometimes the most abundant taxa. Platessa hustedtii, which like Diadesmis confervacea is considered a tropical species, was recorded for the first time in Sardinia. While these species are not considered by the EPI-D proposed for use in Italian watercourses, their integration will improve the usefulness of this index in the assessment of islands of Mediterranean typology. The applicability of the EPI-D and IBD was confirmed with water quality at nearly all the con- sidered stations ranging from mediocre to bad according to both indices. Moreover, these results were supported by physicochemical and microbiological variables and were consistent with the typology of the investigated environments. PERIPHYTIC ALGAE DIATOMS BIOLOGICAL QUALITY DIATOM INDICES EPI-D IBD


English rules are occasionally restricted, for instance, -ing form. This form is acquired in the early stage of natural acceptance and whether the earliest will guarantee ESL students to understand and compose it easily. This research is designated to investigate errors, sources of errors, and error tendencies made by students in composing –ing form. This research was carried out at UAD University in the English Department. Writing essay test was utilized to diagnose the tendency of –ing form misconception. Erroneous data were identified and categorized based on surface structure taxonomies and communication effect taxonomies. The findings prove that –ing form construction is not that easy for students to compose. Misformation frequenly appears due to some inappropriate formulation, mainly when students are asked to compose the –ing form as the constituent of phrase or clause, the direct object of certain verbs, and object of preposition with a particle of preposition to. The main factor affecting the deviation is caused by the distinct linguistic system of both English and Indonesian. The lack of knowledge towards the target language or incomplete instruction additionally makes students over-generalize every aspect of English rule which is occasionally restricted.


Prostate cancer (CaP) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in males in Australia, North America, and Europe. If found early and locally confined, CaP can be treated with radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy; however, 25-40% patients will relapse and go on to advanced disease. The most common therapy in these cases is androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), which suppresses androgen production from the testis. Lack of the testicular androgen supply causes cells of the prostate to undergo apoptosis. However, in some cases the regression initially seen with ADT eventually gives way to a growth of a population of cancerous cells that no longer require testicular androgens. This phenotype is essentially fatal and is termed castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In addition to eventual regression, there are many undesirable side effects which accompany ADT, including development of a metabolic syndrome, which is defined by the U.S. National Library of Medicine as "a combination of medical disorders that increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes." This project will focus on the effect of ADT induced hyperinsulinemia, as mimicked by treating androgen receptor positive CaP cells with insulin in a serum (hormone) deprived environment. While this side effect is not widely explored, in this thesis it is demonstrated for the first time that insulin upregulates pathways important to CaP progression.
Our group has previously shown that during CaP progression, the enzymes necessary for de novo steroidogenesis are upregulated in the LNCaP xenograft model, total steroid levels are increased in tumours compared to pre castrate levels, and de novo steroidogenesis from radio-labelled acetate has been demonstrated. Because of the CaP dependence on AR for survival, we and other groups believe that CaP cells carry out de novo steroidogenesis to survive in androgen deprived conditions. Because (a) men on ADT often develop metabolic syndrome, and (b) men with lifestyle-induced obesity and hyperinsulinemia have worse prognosis and faster disease progression, and because (c) insulin causes steroidogenesis in other cell lines, the hypothesis that insulin may contribute to CaP progression through upregulation of steroidogenesis was explored.
 Insulin upregulates steroidogenesis enzymes at the mRNA level in three AR positive cell lines, as well as upregulating these enzymes at the protein level in two cell lines. It has also been demonstrated that insulin increases mitochondrial (functional) levels of steroid acute regulatory protein (StAR). Furthermore, insulin causes increased levels of total steroids in and induction of de novo steroid synthesis by insulin has been demonstrated at levels induced sufficient to activate AR.
The effect of insulin analogs on CaP steroidogenesis in LNCaP and VCaP cells has also been investigated because epidemiological studies suggest that some of the analogs developed may have more cancer stimulatory effects than normal insulin. In this project, despite the signalling differences between glargine, X10, and insulin, these analogs did not appear to induce steroidogenesis any more potently that normal insulin. The effect of insulin of MCF7breast cancer cells was also investigated with results suggesting that breast cancer cells may be capable of de novo steroidogenesis, and that increase in estradiol production may be exacerbated by insulin.
Insulin has also been long known to stimulate lipogenesis in the liver and adipocytes, and has been demonstrated to increase lipogenesis in breast cancer cells; therefore, investigation of the effect of insulin on lipogenesis, which is a hallmark of aggressive cancers, was investigated. In CaP progression sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) is dysregulated and upregulates fatty acid synthase (FASN), acetyl CoA-carboxylase, and other lipogenesis genes. SREBP is important for steroidogenesis and in this project has been shown to be upregulated by insulin in CaP cells. Fatty acid synthesis provides building blocks of membrane growth, provides substrates for acid oxidation, the main energy source for CaP cells, provides building blocks for anti-apoptotic and proinflammatory molecules, and provides molecules that stimulate steroidogenesis. In this project it has been shown that insulin upregulates FASN and ACC, which synthesize fatty acids, as well as upregulating hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), diazepam-binding inhibitor (DBI), and long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 3 (ACSL3), which contribute to lipid activation of steroidogenesis. Insulin also upregulates total lipid levels and de novo lipogenesis, which can be suppressed by inhibition of the insulin receptor (INSR). The fatty acids synthesized after insulin treatment are those that have been associated with CaP; furthermore, microarray data suggests insulin may upregulate fatty acid biosynthesis, metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism pathways, which have been implicated in CaP growth and survival.
Pharmacological agents used to treat patients with hyperinsulinemia/ hyperlipidemia have gained much interest in regards to CaP risk and treatment; however, the scientific rationale behind these clinical applications has not been examined. This thesis explores whether the use of metformin or simvastatin would decrease either lipogenesis or steroidogenesis or both in CaP cells. Simvastatin is a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) inhibitor, which blocks synthesis of cholesterol, the building block of steroids/ androgens. It has also been postulated to down regulate SREBP in other metabolic disorders. It has been shown in this thesis, in LNCaP cells, that simvastatin inhibited and decreased insulin induced steroidogenesis and lipogenesis, respectively, but increased these pathways in the absence of insulin. Conversely, metformin, which activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to shut down lipogenesis, cholesterol synthesis, and protein synthesis, highly suppresses both steroidogenesis and lipogenesis in the presence and absence of insulin.
Lastly, because it has been demonstrated to increase steroidogenesis in other cell lines, and because the elucidation of any factors affecting steroidogenesis is important to understanding CaP, the effect of IGF2 on steroidogenesis in CaP cells was investigated. In patient samples, as men progress to CRPC, IGF2 mRNA and the protein levels of the receptors it may signal through are upregulated. It has also been demonstrated that IGF2 upregulates steroidogenic enzymes at both the mRNA and protein levels in LNCaP cells, increases intracellular and secreted steroid/androgen levels in LNCaPs to levels sufficient to stimulate the AR, and upregulated de novo steroidogenesis in LNCaPs and VCaPs. As well, inhibition of INSR and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), which IGF2 signals through, suggests that induction of steroidogenesis may be occurring predominantly through IGF1R.
In summary, this project has illuminated for the first time that insulin is likely to play a large role in cancer progression, through upregulation of the steroidogenesis and lipogenesis pathways at the mRNA and protein levels, and production levels, and demonstrates a novel role for IGF-II in CaP progression through stimulation of steroidogenesis. It has also been demonstrated that metformin and simvastatin drugs may be useful in suppressing the insulin induction of these pathways. This project affirms the pathways by which ADT- induced metabolic syndrome may exacerbate CaP progression and strongly suggests that the monitoring and modulation of the metabolic state of CaP patients could have a strong impact on their therapeutic outcomes.


Somatic cell nuclear transfer associated with transgenesis allows the production of animals with beneficial properties that cannot be obtained by conventional breeding programs. Unfortunately these biotechnologies are characterized by a very low efficiency being extremely important to optimize the results of each step from skin biopsy and cloning, until the birth of calf. Animals obtained by cloning have special requirements after birth that must be considered to ensure their survival capacity. Taken into account that there is not much information regarding neonatology of cloned animals, new cases represent a great challenge, and each clinical finding and treatment report should be considered of great value. In this work, we describe all facilities and medical procedures used to ensure the survival of the first bitransgenic bovine clone for human lysozyme and lactoferrin obtained by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT), born under clinical patterns of Large Offspring Syndrome (LOS). We summarize all maneuvers performed from cesarean section and primary neonatal evaluation, to intensive cares such as sepsis management, internal medium evaluation and correction, and total parental nutrition over a total period of 80 days.


Present methods for exploiting parallelism in Lisp programs perform poorly upon lists (long, flat s-expressions), as such structures must be both created and traversed sequentially. While such a serial operation may be masked by overlapping it with other computation (by virtue of process spawning, or by the use of a mechanism such as futures), it represents a lost (and potentially large) source of parallelism. In this paper we describe the representation of s-expressions employed in PARCEL (Project for the Automatic Restructuring and Concurrent Evaluation of Lisp), which facilitates the creation and access of lists, without compromising the performance of functions which manipulate s-expressions of a more general shape. Using this representation, the PARCEL compiler translates Lisp programs written in a subset of the Scheme dialect (which allows for global variables and atom properties) into code for a large, tightly coupled shared memory multiprocessor. 12 refs.


Antimicrobial resistance is a major health problem worldwide, but marked variations in the resistance profiles of bacterial pathogens are found between countries and in different patient settings. In Tunisia, the strikingly high prevalence of resistance of bacteria to penicillins and cephalorosporins drugs including fourth generation in clinical isolates of Gram negative bacteria has been reported. During 30 years, the emerging problem of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates is substantial, and some unique enzymes have been found. Recently, evidence that Gram-negative bacteria are resistant to nearly all available antimicrobial agents, including carbapenems, have emerged.


In this paper, we examine the relationship between the average productivity of labor and its marginal counterpart. As long as the income share of labor is fairly steady over time, which happens to be true for the United States, the two measures give very similar results. However, the apparent stability of the labor share is the outcome of several opposing forces. Thus, capital deepening tends to increase it due to the relatively large value of the Hicksian elasticity of complementarity. This is essentially offset by the fact that technological change is mostly labor augmenting. Furthermore, changes in the terms of trade and in the real exchange rate impact on the labor share as well, although these effects are quantitatively small in the case of the United States. Our analysis rests on a tight theoretical framework being based on the GDP function approach to modeling the production sector of an open economy. Full multiplicative decompositions of both measures of labor productivity are provided, and the link with total factor productivity is documented as well. Our estimates are based on both econometric and index-number approaches.


Aims: In this study, we aimed to investigate the interaction between amyloid‐ and Tau‐associated pathologies to gain further insights into the development of Alzheimer's disease. We examined the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in adult mouse brain without the prior overexpression of Tau at embryonic or early post‐natal stages to dissociate any developmental mechanisms. Methods: Lentivirus technology was used to examine the effects of overexpressing mutant Tau‐P301S in the adult mouse brains of both wild‐type and amyloid precursor protein (APP)‐transgenic mice. Results: We find that injection of lentivirus Tau‐P301S into the hippocampus of adult wild‐type mice increases levels of hyperphosphorylated Tau, as early as 3 months post injection. However, no NFT are found even after 13 months of Tau expression. In contrast, the overexpression of Tau‐P301S in adult APP‐transgenic animals results in the formation of Gallyas‐stained NFT. Conclusions: Our current findings are the first to show that overexpression of Tau‐P301S in adult mice overexpressing APP, but not wild‐type mice, leads to enhanced Tau‐related pathology.


A new design method of sliding mode control (SMC) is proposed to generalize the conversional procedure which is usually based on Filippov's approaching conditions for only smooth surface. As the fundamental result, the new approaching criteria are developed to show the sufficient conditions on the relation between the trajectories and a nonsmooth surface in state space, if the dynamics of the trajectories can be described by Filippov's differential inclusion. According to the new approaching criteria, the approaching phase design of SMC can be relaxed, through the switching surface may be nonsmooth. Furthermore, for a class of nonlinear single-input single-output (SISO) systems, the sliding mode controller with a linear Lipschitz continuous switching surface can be systemically designed. From the viewpoint of SMC, it provides a new path to realize the different requirements of the sliding motion according to the partitioned regions.


As an important form and approach to realize the sustainable development of tourism,coastal ecotourism is highly regarded by both theoretic and practical fields.However,there is no common understanding on the concept of coastal ecotourism in academia at present.The purpose of this research is to present a set of criteria by which coastal ecotourism can be better defined.Content analysis methodology,comparative analysis methodology and text cluster have been applied in order to extract 6 key indicators of ecotourism and 4 key indicators of coastal tourism through the analysis of the definitions of ecotourism and coastal tourism,all of which were published after 1990.Based on the integration of the ten indicators and compared with the existing definitions of coastal ecotourism,we propose a better definition of coastal ecotourism and its characteristics.


This article demonstrates how the development of labour market institutions alongside economic reform has impacted the human resource management (HRM) practices of foreign companies in China. A historical approach is applied to examine the transformation of China from a centrally planned labour administration system to a market-based labour institution. The HRM practices of foreign companies are seen being embedded in China's macro-institutional environment, which constrains and/or enables foreign companies to exercise people management. Drawing on previous research, the study shows that HRM practices in the early reform period were primarily constrained both by formal and by informal institutions. The evidence from Finnish companies operating in China shows that HRM practices in the late reform period are largely enabled by formal institutions; however, foreign companies face the need for adaptation to the demands of informal institutions. Furthermore, the scarcity of human resources and rapid yet heterogeneous socio-economic development pose additional challenges for people management in China today.


Sliding Mode Control with Perturbation Estimation (SMCPE) is a recent control routine which steers uncertain dynamic systems with disturbances to follow a desired trajectory. It eliminates the conventional requirement for the knowledge of uncertainty upper bound. A perturbation estimation scheme provides a tool for robustness. This text offers an additional robustizing mechanism: selection of time-varying sliding functions utilizing frequency shaping techniques. Frequency shaping together with sliding mode control introduces a behavior for selectively penalizing tracking errors at certain frequency ranges. This combination provides two advantages concurrently: (a) It filters out certain frequency components of the perturbations therefore eliminating the possible excitation on the unmodelled dynamics, and (b) it drives the state to the desired trajectory despite perturbations. The crucial point is that a priori knowledge of the perturbation upper bound is not necessary to eliminate the perturbation effects at the designated frequencies. Numerical examples prove the effectiveness of this novel scheme.


The switched inductor is a new circuit configuration for electronically varying the effective inductance of an inductor. In conjunction with a capacitor, filters with electronically adjustable tuning frequency can be constructed. This filter has the advantage to follow specific harmonics at the output of an inverter with varying frequency. In this way selective harmonic elimination is possible.


In analogy to the electronic topological edge states at the interface between two domains of gapped crystals, we demonstrate that plasmonic topological edge states also exist between two gapped plasmonic domains made of plasmonic nanoparticle dimers. Zak phases for arrays of plasmonic nanoparticle dimers (diatomic chain) are calculated in the quasistatic limit. It is found that the edge state frequency is independent of several variable separation distances without changing the topological invariants. The quasi-static theory is found to be consistent with full electrodynamic three-dimensional simulations of photon emission within the system.


"Yanyou 1",a new variety of three-line indica hybrid rice,was bred by Chinese National Rice Research Institute and Zhejiang Wuwangnong Seed Ltd.The key points of high-yielding cultivation(transplanting and direct sowing) and seed production techniques for "Yanyou 1" were summarized.


Background: Stroke induces a great amount of suffering for the people it affects and can many times mean a total change of one's everyday life. Often there are also at least one and sometimes sever ...


The optimum quenching rates and annealing conditions to prepare near stoichiometrical (Nd,Pr)12(FeCoZr)82B6 bonded magnets were investigated by using sub-overquenching and post annealing method. The quenching rates, annealing temperatures, and annealing time directly influence the microstructure and magnetic properties of alloy ribbons. The optimum magnetic properties of bonded magnets are achieved by melt spinning at 24 m*s-1 wheel surface speed, annealing at 655 ℃ for 10 min, and bonding with 3.25% (mass fraction) epoxy. The best magnetic properties of remanence Br, intrinsic coercivity Hci and maximum energy product (BH)max are 0.669 T, 811 kA·m-1, and 75 kJ·m-3, respectively.


Five of the eight possible chlorofluoroantimonate(v) anions have been characterised in solution by 131 Sb and 19 F NMR spectroscopy; of these three have been isolated in at least 90% purity as their tetraalkylammonium salts and their infrared and Raman spectra have been assigned. None of the three trans isomers was detected either in solution or in the solid state. Factors influencing the appearance of the antimony NMR spectra of the octahedral anions are discussed.


The New York Senate approved a bill requiring public health officials to notify spouses, sexual partners, and needle-sharing partners of HIV-positive people, that they have been exposed to the virus. Under S. 4422-A, physicians are required to report HIV-positive patients, by name, to the State Department of Health, so as to begin the process of partner notification and statewide HIV case surveillance. AIDS activists consider the new law coercive and less effective than growing programs that reinforce safer-sex messages. The current notification system, which allows the physician or patient the option of notifying the State Health Department, has sometimes been assessed as a failure. A compromise is being considered that involves telling the State Department the names of the partners to contact, while protecting the confidentiality of the HIV-positive patient by assigning the patient a unique identifier number. This would allow tracking of the HIV surveillance data, without comprising the confidentiality of the HIV-positive patient.


The mathematical theory of evidence (Shafer et al. [9]) has recently found much interest as an approach to treat uncertainty in expert and knowledge-based systems. Although the theory is very promising, there are not yet many practical applications. Modeling practice has still to be developed. This is a crucial task in view of facilitating the application of evidential modeling. It is the aim of this paper to discuss an important element of evidential modeling–conditional belief–within the scope of the mathematical theory of evidence.


The utility model discloses a bumper block structure for a shock absorber assembly. The bumper block structure for the shock absorber assembly comprises a top portion, a base and a negative poisson's ratio component which is arranged between the top portion and the base, the negative poisson's ratio component comprises a plurality of layers of negative poisson's ratio modules, the negative poisson's ratio modules comprise support layers and connecting layers which are connected with the support layers, the support layers which are arranged on adjacent negative poisson's ratio modules are connected with the connecting layers, the negative poisson's ratio modules comprise a plurality of negative poisson's ratio units, and the negative poisson's ratio units are of hollow structures which are formed by enclosing the support layers through the connecting layers. The utility model further discloses a shock absorber assembly. The shock absorber assembly and the bumper block structure thereof are reasonable in structural design, can be obtain a desired nonlinear stiffness value, improve driving smoothness of vehicles, and further improve impact load resistance capacity of bumper blocks.


Researchers tend to believe that Hemingway is the spokesman of "Lost Generation"and "Loss" is the focal idea of his works.From the perspective of Colin Wilson's humanism,this thesis,combining the analysis of the representative heroes in Hemingway's works with Hemingway's experience,points out that the focal point of Hemingway's works is not "loss";whereas he bent on inspiring people's struggling consciousness and awakening people's shumber spirit and will by fundamental themes such as wars,bullfights and love so as to demonstrate his own value.


Methods: Recipient pigs, exposed to donor pigs that demonstrated clinical signs of PAR, either did not (NME group) or did (ME group) receive tilmicosin in feed for 3 weeks; a third Control group was neither exposed nor medicated. Pig weights and nasal swabs for bacterial culture were collected on study days 0, 21, and 42. Feed intake was also monitored. On study day 21, all medication was removed from the ME feed and the donor animals were submitted for postmortem examination. On study day 42, NME, ME, and Control pigs were euthanized and submitted for postmortem examination. Snout scores, pneumonia, and pleuritis were assessed grossly and scored. Turbinate perimeter ratios were also scored using a digital image processing and analysis program.


The extract from leaves of Juglans mandshurica is extracted by common method.The results showed that the extract from leaves of Juglans mandshurica has insecticidal activities in contact toxicity and stomach poisoning action for Lymantria dispar.The corrected mortality is more than 50% when the concentration of the extract was above 5g/L and the insecticidal time was above 3d for all.The insecticidal activities in contact toxicity and stomach poisoning action of alcohol extract are better than chloroform extract and ethyl acetate extract.


Abstract
All parts of Canada's health care system are facing fiscal pressures these days, but they are particularly great at Canada's medical schools. However, Dr. David Hawkins of the Association of Canadian Medical Colleges is optimistic that all 16 of Canada's medical schools will remain open, mainly because of the huge impact they have on health care in their local communities. "We don't just turn out students — we raise the standard of health care in a whole community," he says.


This is an Accepted Manuscript of a book chapter published by Routledge in Sport and Social Capital on 17/03/2008, available online: http://www.routledge.com/9780750685863


of to is is a two dimensional is a does have the spatial resolution of a TEM or a Dual Beam Focused Ion Beam (DB-FIB). of


Figure 3. Reconstructions of a liver perfusion data set. COMBINING COIL COMPRESSION AND DIRECT VIRTUAL COIL FOR DYNAMIC MRI USING AUTOCALIBRATING PARALLEL IMAGING Kang Wang, Tao Zhang, Philip J Beatty, Dan W Rettmann, Ersin Bayram, and James H Holmes Global Applied Science Laboratory, GE Healthcare, Madison, WI, United States, Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada, Global Applied Science Laboratory, GE Healthcare, Rochester, Minnesota, United States, GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI, United States


The application feasibility and technical improvement of the flow velocity forecast method on sampling and analyzing of the flue dust concentration in high temperature and pressure in oil refinery are discussed in this paper. It is suggested (the problem of the method and) the steps which should be taken for ensuring accuracy of analyzing.


The scenario assumed that the CFO (carrier frequency offset), which is caused by the ICI (inter-carrier interference), exists in the environments of short-term fading, a multi-dimension combining (M-D combining) receiver for an MC-CDMA (multi- carrier coded-division multiple-access) system is proposed in this paper. The system performance is validated by the evaluation with assumption of the working environment state is in the frequency selective fading environments. In order to obtain the validation of the accuracy of the derivation and the proof of the proposed schemes the numerical results are illustrated in this paper. Keywords—MC-CDMA system, ICI (inter- carrier interference), multi-dimension combining (M-D combining), MIP


Many security problems in distributed systems are challenging by nature, and are caused by the lack of trust in such systems. There has been a recent direction in solving such problems by relying on the trust fabric and the wealth of algorithmic properties in social networks. For example, consider the class of attacks known as Sybil attacks, in which a node generates multiple identities with the intention to use these identities as that node is multiple nodes, are addressed using social networks: a single node in the social network can have a single identity, and is limited by the number of edges it creates with other nodes. Accordingly, detecting Sybil identities become possible when such algorithmic assumptions hold in a social network used for bootstrapping the operation of distributed systems. The mixing characteristics of social graphs, on the other hand, are the main algorithmic property used for building detection algorithms to Sybil identities in distributed systems. In this work we relate the mixing time of social graphs to graph degeneracy, which captures cohesiveness of the graph. We experimentally show that fast-mixing graphs tend to have a larger single core whereas slow-mixing graphs tend to have smaller multiple cores. Equipped with these findings we propose several heuristics to improve the mixing of slowmixing graphs using their topological structures by augmenting them. We finally show that our heuristics greatly improve Sybil defenses built on top of social networks for the, by accepting more honest and less Sybil nodes, even in some cases at lower cost.


Naked DNA and standard vectors have previously been used for gene delivery from implantable carrier matrices with great potential for gene therapeutic assistance of wound healing or tissue engineering. We have previously developed copolymer‐protected gene vectors which are inert towards opsonization. Here we examine their potency in carrier‐mediated gene delivery in comparison to standard vectors using a vector‐loaded collagen sponge model.


Abstract : With ever growing network resources, video communication is an important part of today's internet applications. In this research, we developed a spectrum of techniques for unicast and multicast video communication over packet switched networks. These included best effort networks, as well as Quality of Service (QoS) enabled ones, such as those with Diffserv. In doing so, we pay particular attention to video compression techniques, as well as networking issues. Specifically, in the area of video compression, we continued our efforts on application of overcomplete signal expansion schemes to video coding, and explored a number of issues related to matching pursuits based video coding. These include, dictionary approximation, dictionary design, modulus quantization, rate control, multiple description coding and its application to wireless video communication. In the area of video multicast, we proposed the use of hierarchical FEC-as an-error control mechanism that allows receivers to individually trade off latency for received video quality. This scheme is efficient since FEC packets are used to protect only the more important days layers and are multicast only to receivers that need them, thereby improving network utilization. We - perform actual MBONE experiments to evaluate the performance of our scheme.


Abstract An overview of the regional metamorphic belts of Japan is given in the context of the tectonic evolution of the Japanese Islands. The Japanese Islands were situated on an active margin of the Eurasian continent or its constituent landmass before their assembly during the Phanerozoic. The Japanese Islands are composed mainly of metamorphosed and unmetamorphosed accretionary complexes, granitoids and their effusive equivalents that were formed by the Cordilleran‐type orogeny. The metamorphic belts are regarded essentially as a deep‐seated portion of an accretionary complex. In spite of continuous subduction of oceanic plates beneath the continents, these orogenic rocks were formed quite episodically, as evidenced by discontinuous matrix ages of the accretionary complexes and a striking concentration of isotopic ages of the granitoids. A systematic along‐arc age shift of Cretaceous large‐scaled granitic magmatism and regional metamorphism suggests a tectonic control such as ridge subduction, which triggered the episodic orogeny. A tectonic model based on the paired metamorphic belts, combined with the non‐steady tectonic control, works well to explain this magmatism and metamorphism in a single arc‐trench system as a continental margin process. However, the juxtapositional process of the paired metamorphic belts is still a problem. Two possible cases, namely transcurrent displacement and back‐arc overthrusting are discussed.


Report presenting comparisons of the aerodynamic characteristics and flow phenomena at transonic speeds for two unswept zero-taper-ratio wing-body combinations. The first had a cylindrical afterbody, while the second had an indented afterbody in the region of the wing-body juncture. Results regarding force characteristics, flow surveys, and an interpretation of the results are provided.


Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. While 2.5 million people are affected by MS worldwide, there is no cure other than ameliorating the symptoms through broad immune suppression, which leads to side effects, including increased risks of infection and cancer development. Therefore, tolerance induction specific to disease‐associated antigens serves as a promising alternative as it inhibits disease progression without sacrificing immune competence. In this study, the authors show the efficacy of acetalated dextran (Ace‐DEX) microparticles (MPs) as a potential MS treatment. Ace‐DEX MPs encapsulating ovalbumin (OVA) and the immunosuppressant rapamycin (Rapa) substantially inhibits the inflammation in OVA‐induced delayed‐type hypersensitivity reactions. When tested as a therapeutic treatment for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, the mouse model for MS, MPs containing Rapa, and disease‐associated proteolipid protein (PLP) (Rapa/PLP/MPs) inhibits disease progression, lowers the clinical score, and suppresses the production of inflammatory cytokines (e.g., interferon gamma, interleukin‐17A, and granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor) in splenocytes isolated from treated mice. Rapa/PLP/MPs in vitro also promotes Foxp3 expression, inhibits pro‐inflammatory cytokine production, and dampens T cell proliferation, suggesting the differentiation of antigen‐specific regulatory T cells. Together these data illustrate the promise of a MS treatment using a polymeric particulate delivery platform via the induction of antigen‐specific T cell tolerance.


While much research investigates how social capital relates to mental health after disasters, less work employs a multi-scalar, multi-dimensional framework on social capital. We apply such a framework of social capital to an analysis of novel survey data of approximately 1,000 urban and rural Texans after Hurricane Harvey. On the individual level, we find that greater social support is linked to less mental health impacts, but that greater civic and organizational engagement is linked to greater mental health impacts. At the community level, we find that neither a density of bridging social capital organizations nor of bonding social capital organizations is associated with poorer mental health, although we find that greater bonding organizations are linked to negative mental health impacts for rural residents. We conclude by focusing on how individual and community social capital relationships with mental health are contingent on measurement, scale, and rural or urban location. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Abstract In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of Black-headed Sibia. The total length was 17864 bp, which contained 13 protein-coding genes(PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 2 control regions (D-loop). Eight tRNA genes with one PCG(ND6) encoded on the L-strand, others were encoded on the H-strand. The neighbor-joining analysis shows that Black-headed Sibia has a close relationship with the genus of Leiothrix and Minla. This study had further provided a proof for the genetics and evolution of Black-headed Sibia.


We clarified the mounting precision for the active integrated array antenna for 25-GHz-band wireless access communication systems and confirmed that wirebonding is useful in constructing such antennas for the quasi-millimeter-wave frequency band, resulting in low-cost antenna systems. We also present an active integrated antenna configuration designed for broadband mobile wireless access systems using the 25-GHz band. The antenna and RF circuits are integrated into each side of a thick copper backing plate and they are connected through microstrip line/slot transitions. The antenna exhibited output power of 14.6 dBm and a noise figure of less than 5 dB. A wireless system using this antenna showed a 6-dB improvement in packet error rate compared with one using a passive antenna with the same array design. Furthermore, we obtained the first license for an active integrated antenna for high-speed wireless communication systems in Japan. Active Integrated Antenna Technique † NTT Network Innovation Laboratories Yokosuka-shi, 239-0847 Japan E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


Synthetic Li-taeniolite LiMg2Li(Si4O10)F2 reacts with water, and nearly free swelling occurs. Its X-ray diffraction spectra show that the interlayer spacing d (001) discontinuously expands with the increase of water content, and eight crystalline swelling steps are observed.


The natural damage is getting worse, especially in urban areas. The damage was caused by the decreasing number of green open spaces. Modern society thinking is not in line with traditional society, especially in spatial planning. Modern society tends to eliminate Green Open Space for commercial purposes while traditional society provides a large space for the provision of Green Open Space. This condition can be observed from the spatial arrangement of the Bali Madya traditional society. This study aims to determine how to adapt the spatial planning of Bali Madya, especially in densely populated urban areas. This study uses a qualitative method which will be presented descriptively. Data collection was carried out using a purposive sample method with the criteria for residential houses using Bali Madya arrangement and having a Green Open Space. The location of the research object is in the city of Denpasar, Gianyar and Badung regencies which are directly adjacent to the city of Denpasar. The increasing population in urban areas makes it difficult to get enough land for residential houses for Green Open Space. The steps that can be taken are adapting the traditional way of managing the yard of the living house. The adaptation of the Bali Madya spatial arrangement does not eliminate open space but only changes shape and form. This is due to adjustments to the availability of land, the dimensions of the building. The form of Green Open Space is adjusted through the selection of plant types and pavement materials.


The traditional methods for the sample preparation of insoluble solid materials have represented one of the more time consuming and labor intensive efforts in analysis. In this installment of "Sample Prep Prespectives," Ron Majors examines modern sample preparation methods for solids that often involve increased temperature and higher extraction process. In addition, modern sample preparation methods have been automated to relieve analysts of the drudgery associated with traditional methods, Here, he reports on automated Soxhlet extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, pressurized fluid extraction-accelerated solvent extraction, and microwave-assisted extraction and updates earlier coverage.


Data are presented from a range of operating conditions which include background photo flux, operating temperature, and frequency. Each detector is equipped with a load resistor, a cryogenic field effect transistor preamplifier, and a temperature sensor. Data are also presented of detector signal, noise spectra, noise equivalent power, and spectral response.


Aqueous extracts of meconium obtained from normal children and from patients with meconium ileus were examined by means of chemical precipitation, paper electrophoresis and precipitin tests.
 All the extracts from patients with meconium ileus were found to contain protein which was readily precipitated by trichloracetic acid. In 59 extracts of meconium from normal infants no protein could be demonstrated by the use of trichloracetic acid.
 In the abnormal extracts, the major constituent was found to be identical with serum albumin, both by paper, electrophoretic-migration studies at two pH levels and by precipitin tests with anti-albumin horse serum. Other protein components were found on electrophoresis that were similar, but not necessarily identical with, the alpha-, beta-, and gamma-globulins of human serum.
 The extracts from normal meconium gave only a very faint reaction for protein. The electrophoretic pattern did not in any way resemble that obtained with the abnormal extract.
 Precipitin tests showed that the albumin content of the normal extract was about 1-2% of that of the abnormal extract.
 After electrophoretic separation of the components of extracts of meconium from patients with meconium ileus, the stainable carbohydrate was found to be greater in the "alpha" region than in the corresponding area for normal serum.
 The possible role of plasma proteins in the formation of abnormal meconium in meconium ileus is discussed.


This paper discusses on some problems related to enterprise development from aspects of the formation of enterprise strategy,the design of organizational frame,and the effective combination of the strategy and the organization,etc.


The basic concept of mutex problem is introduced, and two methods based and non-based on token to resolve mutex problem in distributed system design are analyzed. Some typical examples are given to help to form practical mathematical model for distributed system.


Abstract : This report summarizes the information exchange at the Modern Topics in Energy and Power Technical Meeting hosted by the Energy and Power Division at the US Army Research Laboratory and held at the Adelphi Laboratory Center, Adelphi, Maryland, 14-16 July 2015. The meeting's 8 sessions focused on energy conversion technologies, energy and power for directed energy, high-energy-density materials, plasma and nuclear physics, low-energy nuclear reactions, novel compact power sources, quantum vacuum energy, and information-energy parallels, with presentations from subject matter specialists as well as scientists and managers from the Army, academic institutions, national laboratories, and other US Department of Defense and Department of Energy activities. The meeting's intent was in part to provide current perspectives to the Army science and technology community on selected energy and power technology related topics that have recently attracted attention.


Single unit responses to stimulation of the extraocular muscle receptors or of their afferent fibers were recorded from the visual cortical area 18 in normally or dark-reared cats. These responses were improved by a random visual stimulation delivered during the test. These proprioceptive responses, elicited with or without random visual activation, changed with age and as a function of the postnatal rearing conditions. In the normally-reared group, neurons which were activated by stimulation of the afferents from the Obliquus inferior displayed a preferred orientation for visual stimulus oriented at right angle to action plane of this particular muscle.


Acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) is originating from hematopoietic precursor cells. CD7 is expressed in 30% of AML cases and is associated with poor prognosis in myeloid malignancies [1,2]. Pericardial effusion complicated by cardiac tamponade is a life-threatening condition is quite rare as the initial symptom in cases with AMLM4 [3,4]. Pericardial effusion can be observed during the course of the leukemiawhile it can also develop secondary to infectious, hemorrhagic causes as well as leukemic infiltration. It is especially associated with chemotherapeutics such as bleomycin, all-trans-retinoic acid, and cyclophosphamide [5]. In this report, it was aimed to increase the awareness of the fact that pericardial tamponade may sometimes be the first sign of leukemia. A 7-year-old boy in toxic appearance presented with fatigue, respiratory difficulty for 1 month. He was hypotensive, tachypneic, and tachycardic. His growth and development were consistent with his age. Respiratory examination revealed fine crackles at the base of the lungs. His heart sounds became muffled and hepatosplenomegaly was detected. Chest X-ray demonstrated increased cardiothoracic index. Transthoracic echocardiography showed pericardial effusion and diastolic right atrial collapse (Figure 1). Pericardiocentesis was performed. Direct examination of the exudative fluid revealed leukemic cells. Complete blood count revealed, hemoglobin level 8 g/dL, platelet count 35 × 106 per mm3, leukocyte count 7,7 × 10 mc/L. Serum lactate dehydrogenase: 1995U/L (normal 125–243U/L), other biochemical tests were normal. According to immunophenotyping study and bone marrow aspiration; the patient was diagnosed with CD7+ AMLM4 (French-American-British classification). Based on AML-BFM-2004 protocol, induction chemotherapy was begun. At the tenth day of the therapy, pericardial fluid was dramatically decreased.The patient now is at thefirst year ofmaintenance therapyof theAML-BFM2004 treatment protocol and healthy. Inchildhood,AMLsexpressionof lymphoid-associated surfaceantigens is amarker of poor prognosis [1]. AML, especially subtypeM4, associatedwith CD7 has a particular worse prognosis with a lower complete remission rate [6]. When complications of leukostasis known as a severemedical emergency necessitating rapid treatment, such


Abstract The present study deals with the treatment of complex waste (WW) treated for removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the food industry by a sono-Fenton process using a batch reactor. The response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to investigate the five independent variables, such as reaction time, the molar ratio of H2O2/Fe2+, volume ratio of H2O2/WW, pH of waste, and ultrasonic density on COD removal. The experimental data was optimized. The optimization yields the conditions: Reaction time of 24 min, HP:Fe molar ratio of 2.8, HP:WW volume ratio of 1.9 ml/L, pH of 3.6 and an ultrasonic density of 1.8 W/L. The predicted value of COD was 91% and the experimental result was 90%. The composite desirability value (D) of the predicted percent of COD removal at the optimized level of variables was close to one (D = 0.991).


The proposed research looks at the CRM business software concerning the new client management services in different companies and uses case studies. Although it is one of the least understood software programs CRM (customer relationship management) is one of the most useful business software programs that can help companies connect with customers or potential customers with more elements. The research underlines the changes necessary to maximize the benefits of customer relationship management. In order to extend the knowledge in this area the research is interdisciplinary. It uses a structural approach to model the determinants of organizational performances using CRM software analysis and to measure the complex relationships concerning risks in customer relationship management and different facets of organizational performances related to the benefit for customer relationship management.


In this paper, we propose two novel transmission and detection schemes based on rate-splitting (RS) and non-orthogonal-multiple-access (NOMA) for uplink user cooperation. At the first mini-slot of these cooperative schemes, each user transmits its signal and receives the transmitted signal of the other user, and at the second mini-slot, each user relays the other user's message with amplify-and-forward (AF) protocol. To achieve better spectral efficiency, users transmit their signals in non-orthogonal mode in both mini-slots. We propose two detection schemes for these proposed cooperative (C)-NOMA and cooperative-rate-splitting-multiple-access (C-RSMA) schemes in which we apply a combination of maximum-ratio-combining (MRC) and successive-interference-cancellation (SIC). Finally, we derive the achievable rates corresponding to the C-NOMA and C-RSMA schemes. Simulation results prove the superiority of the proposed C-NOMA and C-RSMA schemes rather than cooperative-orthogonal-multiple-access (C-OMA) and non-cooperative schemes.


This paper presents a new empirical strategy for estimating the effects of trade policy on domestic factor prices when policy endogeneity is suspected. Absent income effectson factor supplies or domestic prices, the coefficient on the terms of trade can provide an unbiased estimator of the effect of trade barriers on the factor distribution of income for a small economy. In the more general case where income effects are allowed for, we provide a means to quantify and control for the possible bias. We implement our strategy on a cross-national data set of trade policies and income shares of capital and labor. We find little evidence of the existence of Stolper-Samuelson effects, both for the sample as a whole as well as within cones of diversification. Consistent with a model of wage bargaining, we find that the effect of openness on capital shares is greater for countries with higher unionization rates.


Dating back many millennia, agriculture is an ancient practice in the evolution of civilization. It was developed when humans thought about it and concluded that not everyone in the community was required to produce food. Instead, specialized labor, tools, and techniques could help people achieve surplus food for their community. Since then, agriculture has continuously evolved across the ages and has occupied a vital, synergistic position in the existence of humanity. The evolution of agriculture was based on a compulsion to feed the growing population, and, importantly, maintain the quality and traceability of food, prevent counterfeit products, and modernize and optimize yield. Recent trends and advancements in blockchain technology have some significant attributes that are ideal for agriculture. The invention and implementation of blockchain have caused a fair share of positive disruptions and evolutionary adoption in agriculture to modernize the domain. Blockchain has been adopted at various stages of the agriculture lifecycle for improved evolution. This work presents an intense survey of the literature on how blockchain has positively impacted and continues to influence various market verticals in agriculture, the challenges and the future.


An output control apparatus which performs output control of data displayed on a display unit includes a detection unit configured to detect an output apparatus located near the display unit, an acquisition unit configured to acquire arrangement position information indicating an arrangement position of the output apparatus, a determination unit configured to determine an output layout of the data according to a relationship between the arrangement position of the output apparatus indicated by the arrangement position information and a display position of the data displayed on the display unit, and a control unit configured to perform control to output the data from the output apparatus with the output layout determined by the determination unit.


A semi-synthetic culture medium and method are described for the production of a reduced dose Clostridium chauvoei vaccine. The vaccine gave excellent results in guinea-pigs, and 2 injections of 2.0 ml protected cattle against challenge with 2 M.L.D. of a virulent culture for at least 12 months. The suitability of C. chauvoei Strain OP64 as a vaccine strain was confirmed.


Background and objective
Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is the most common inborn error of metabolism in the country. The main cause of the neuropathology is still not well established although the accumulation of branched chain amino acids (BCAA) and alteration in large neutral amino acids (LNAA) as well as energy deprivation have been suggested. It is the aim of the study to determine the plasma amino acid and urine organic acid profiles of Filipino patients with MSUD and correlate the findings with their neurologic features.


Abstract The purpose of this study is to find out the effectiveness of Adolescent Development Program (ADP) of BRAC in elevating awareness regarding various social issues among poor rural girls in Bangladesh. The study focuses on rural adolescents, who now able to change their outlook regarding various social phenomena of rural societies in Bangladesh. Through primary and secondary data it is identified that this program plays a very important role in awareness elevation among rural adolescents regarding various social issues that allow them to think differently about their life as a whole.


This paper presents a novel optimization approach to development of a digit mechanism for a bio-inspired anthropomorphic industrial gripper, or a prosthetic device. The proposed approach is going to help to provide a necessary trajectory of phalanges through calculation of links lengths of a robotic hand. In this paper the approach is applied to design of the prosthetic hand fingers, which are able to perform both types of the grasp: power and precision. The structure of the robotic hand finger is able to use different modes to actuate the finger: if the kinematic chain of the finger mechanism is closed it has only one degree of freedom and the trajectory is predictable, but if the kinematic chain is opened the finger will have two degrees of freedom, which allows to perform adaptive grasp. The paper is concerned with the proposed approach, fingers implementation, design of the prosthetic hand and its simulation.