Received: May 19, 2022 Revised: May 30, 2022 Accepted: May 30, 2022 Edited by Woo-Jung Choi, Chonnam National University, Korea ORCID Hyo-Jung Choi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0584-8006 Seok-In Yun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0456-9216 Livestock manure compost (LMC) can be used as an alternative nitrogen source instead of chemical fertilizer in order to reduce nitrous oxide (N2O) emission. To evaluate the effect of LMC on reducing N2O emission, we cultivated red pepper by treating with no treatment (Con), chemical fertilizer (CF), and the powder (LMCPD) and pellet type (LMCPE) of livestock manure compost for two years, and analyzed N2O emission and plant growth. The N2O emissions were 5.6 and 5.5 kg N2O ha -1 for the LMCPD and LMCPE treatments, respectively, which were lower by 48% than that of the CF treatment, 11.6 kg N2O ha -1. The yields of red pepper fruits of LMC treatments were 70.8 94.7% of that of CF treatment, but the yields were not significantly (p > 0.05) different between CF and LMC treatments. The lower yields of LMC treatment were attributable to deficiency of some other nutrients such as potassium (K) rather than nitrogen. Those results suggested that LMC can contribute more positively to reducing N2O emission than to reducing red pepper yield.


Titanium is among the most demanded metals by high-tech industries. In Russia, imported raw materials are used for its production. At the same time, a new promising type of gold-ilmenite ores and placers associated with ultrabasite intrusions has been discovered in the south of the Far East. On the example of one of these objects, the Ariadne ore-placer node, the possibilities of creating the foundations of a technology for complex extraction of useful components from titanium-bearing placers using pyro-hydrometallurgy techniques are investigated. The objectives of this study were to improve the technological methods of titanium from ilmenite concentrate using ammonium sulfate. It was found that the reactions of the main components of the concentrate with (NH4)2SO4 begin when the temperature of thermal decomposition (NH4)2SO4 (3000C) is reached and proceed with the formation of a mixture of well-soluble in water double salts - ammonium sulfate and iron compositions (NH4)2Fe2 (SO4)3 and NH4Fe(SO4)2 and ammonium sulfate and titanyl composition (NH4)2TiO(SO4)2. It is shown that an increase in the interaction temperature above 3600C leads to the thermal decomposition of the formed double salts to sulfates and then oxides. The experience gained in deep processing of ilmenite mineral raw materials will help to more reasonably outline ways to develop Far Eastern complex deposits in compliance with the principles of rational nature management and environmental protection. Further research should be carried out in the direction of deepening the degree of processing of gold-titanium sands, which will reduce the cost of obtaining individual products and ensure higher production efficiency.


In this paper, we report outline of a finger dimension measurement application. This application is used in the grip design system. The grip design system is intended for technical support of local industries. Miki hardware is a local industry in Hyogo Prefecture. Recently, Miki hardware has been focusing on the development of tools. The grip design is important for the development of tools. The design system is considered to simulate how to grip using user's hand size. Key Word : design support, finger dimensions, regional industry support


It's been just over 2 months since UnitedHealthcare (UHC) launched its advance notification program on June 1 requiring providers to record nonscreening colonoscopy and other gastroenterology procedures to be eligible for its 2024 Gold Card program. The program, which will begin next year, may eliminate prior authorization requirements for providers who successfully complete the advance notification program this year. However, there is no guarantee that providers who complete the advance notification program will be enrolled in the Gold Card program, which means they would have to seek prior authorization for nonscreening procedures, says the American Gastroenterological Association. While UHC has provided some information about how advance notification works, there are unanswered questions, said Barbara H. Jung, MD, AGAF, AGA president. Mirikizumab performs well in UC, new data show


Basically the company's main goal is to maximize the company's value, the higher the value the more prosperous companies describe their owners anyway. A company should consider and develop Intellectual Capital owned. Intellectual Capital is the knowledge possessed by the human resources in the company, with increased resources owned company is expected to provide added value for the company that will eventually be able to increase the value of the company. When resources are owned creative and innovative company will be able to win the competition and become a competitive company and superior. In addition Intellectual Capital Companies must also consider strukturkepemilikan in companies such as the percentage of foreign ownership in the company that will provide supervision so as to increase kinerja perusahaan tersebut terhadap perusahaan. This study aimed to determine the effect on the value of Intellectual Capital companies with foreign ownership as a moderating variable in banking companies and financial institutions listed on the Stock Exchange Year 2012-2014. The sampling technique used in this research is purposive sampling. The analysis tool uses Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The results of this study indicate that the Intellectual Capital has no effect on the value of the company, while the interaction between foreign ownership and Intellectual Capital negatively affect the value of the company.
Keywords: Foreign ownership, Intellectual Capital and the value of the company.


Rapid progress in silicon integrated circuits (ICs) at VLSI complexity and sub-micron feature sizes, coupled with the continuing acute shortage of electronics engineers qualified in this technology, has accentuated the requirement by industry for intensive training modules. Such in-house company training is increasingly needed to complement the longer timescale associated with traditional, advanced college courses, e.g. MSc programmes. Industrialists, in recognising this need, usually do not have the in-house teaching skills or cannot afford to deploy otherwise productive personnel in training exercises. This paper presents how an academic department, whilst continuing to provide a full undergraduate/postgraduate and R and D programme, addressed this training need. It also identifies what factors were required for the start up and success of the initiative. Our approach was for Edinburgh University to form a non-profit making company, limited by guarantee - Eumos Ltd. All courses (normally of five days duration) are prepared and presented by academic staff from the University's Department of Electrical Engineering on behalf of the Company. Since its formation in 1984, Eurnos has trained over 1,000 engineers who have participated in 41 courses. We believe that our approach to continuing education is timely and provides industry with an advanced, cost-effective training resource. Future directions for our approach to continuing education will be discussed, including video courses and coursebook/PC combinations.


By discussing a class of the neutral difference equation with several delay arguments, the author deduces a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of bounded positive solutions.


Many researches have been conducted to describe the elastic and inelastic behavior of H-shaped beams with web openings, and were generally concentrated on the uniaxial loading conditions. With previous research results, the formulae for the design of beams with web openings, considering local buckling, have been proposed by Darwin. Although the formulae are so simple and useful to apply to real situations, it needs more research on cyclic loading conditions. In this experimental study, a total of seven H-shaped beams with circular web openings under cyclic loading conditions were investigated. The dimension criteria were based on the formulae proposed by Darwin. The suitability of the existing design formulae, the effects of plastic hinges on beams with web openings, and the local bucking around the web openings to the beam strength under cyclic loading were also investigated through by the observations of the behavior of these beams with various dimensional openings.


Taking a large interferometer for radio astronomy, such as the ALMA1 telescope, where the amount of stations (50 in the case of ALMA's main array, which can extend to 64 antennas) produces an enormous amount of data in a short period of time – visibilities can be produced every 16msec or total power information every 1msec (this means up to 2016 baselines). With the aforementioned into account it is becoming more difficult to detect problems in the signal produced by each antenna in a timely manner (one antenna produces 4 x 2GHz spectral windows x 2 polarizations, which means a 16 GHz bandwidth signal which is later digitized using 3-bits samplers). This work will present an approach based on machine learning algorithms for detecting problems in the already digitized signal produced by the active antennas (the set of antennas which is being used in an observation). The aim of this work is to detect unsuitable, or totally corrupted, signals. In addition, this development also provides an almost real time warning which finally helps stop and investigate the problem in order to avoid collecting useless information.


Instructor's Manual designed with respect to the tasks of the course "Zoology" under the program of higher educational school for students of non-biological specialties. Each theme designed laboratory course work and questions for self-control.
Handbook for students of non-biological specialties of higher educational institutions, teachers.


Scarcities of drugs have broad implications across health systems, including research. Insofar as clinical research trials, drug shortages adversely affect trial enrollment, result in protocol deviations and modifications, and, ultimately, impede the ability to advance the state of science. At the patient level, drug shortages compromise patient choice, minimize contributions of patients already enrolled in research studies while simultaneously exposing them to risk of harm without the potential for benefit, and waste valuable time that for some research participants may be irrecoverable. Before embarking on a clinical trial, clinician-investigators and sponsors must engage in transparent discussions with one another and with research ethics committees and relevant public bodies concerning researchers' reciprocity-based obligations, post-trial access, and balancing generalizable knowledge with participant/proxy hope for therapies determined to be beneficial.


The paper focuses on the commodification and politicisation of cultural heritage using as a case study the ongoing debate on the return of the Parthenon Marbles from the U.K. to Greece, recently reignited by the press release for the movie The Monuments Men in 2014. Greece has been in the throes of a severe financial crisis for over six years with the ever imminent threat of Grexit constantly disputed. In parallel with this ongoing turmoil, discourses of Greek antiquity have been persistently prominent in the media. In this context, we problematise the complex nexus of relationships between the financial crisis, national identity and cultural heritage. We combine the Discourse-Historical Approach and Interactional Sociolinguistics drawing data from an online forum, and investigate how the users negotiate pro-/anti-return positions and make the financial crisis relevant in the argumentation process. The analysis shows that history, identity, value, and debt are recontextualised in relation to the Parthenon sculptures. The analysis identifies an underlying process of value trade off and brings the current political and economic environment to the fore. We close the paper by foregrounding the implications of our study and provide directions for further research.


The keywords provided by authors in their scientific articles and the descriptors assigned to those articles in various databases are analysed to find out the role played by these keywords during the indexing process. In order to do that, 108 periodical publications proportionally distributed between Social Sciences and Humanities (36 journals), Science and Technology (36) and Medical and Health Sciences (36) were selected. Ten articles were selected from each of the 108 journals from different years, so that we worked altogether on 1080 articles meeting two conditions: including keywords and being indexed in the databases ISOC, ICYT or IME. Then, we proceeded to draw a comparison between the keywords used by the authors of the 1080 articles with the descriptors assigned by the database indexers. The comparison shows that in IME database 64.96% of the keywords provided by the authors exactly coincide with the descriptors or just do so after normalization; 60.48% in ISOC and 58.18% in ICYT.


Strong coupling between light and matter generates hybrid polaritons. We present a continuum model that describes the polaritons by light and matter densities of states (DOS) that only depend on the refractive index of the material. This model is applied to molecular polaritons derived from molecules with broad spectral absorption. While the photonic DOS has a complex spectral distribution, the matter DOS is largely unmodified by strong coupling. We argue that bright states cannot be partitioned from dark states, and instead the photonic DOS is shared over a vast number of matter states.


first case was that of a heated plate with uniform temperature in the midst of an incompressible fluid with uniform velocity and temperature at infinity. The second case was that of an adiabatic plate also in a steady uniform flow of a fluid with uniform temperature. In a literature search, no previous work could be found, except for an analysis by L. Prandtl [2] in which no calculations of temperature distributions were included. Pohlhausen's analysis has become a classic of boundary layer methodology, but, for the calculations of temperature distributions, he used the data available at the time for the velocity distribution in the boundary layer [3]. This did not affect the expected qualitative trend of the temperature profiles which he determined for the two particular cases mentioned above. It is only when Pohlhausen's results are used to eonstruet the general solution for the thermal boundary layer that the inaceuracies in the veloeity profiles are large enough to distort some of the temperature profiles [4]. This occurs in a manner that can be easily deteeted as anomalous even by a relatively inexperienced observer. To facilitate the discussion, we summarize first the classieal treatment of the problem, and then show how possible wrong trends can be deteeted through a simplified qualitative analysis. This is aecomplished by establishing basie properties that the solution must possess. The governing equations for laminaI' flat-plate boundary layers without pressure gradient and buoyaney effeets, but with dissipation of energy, are: Introduction


In this paper, we study the extension and restriction theorems of the anisotropic Besov spaces in a Lipschitz hyper-surface in space-time domain. We hope that such theorems will be useful in solving a parabolic type equations in a time-varying domain.


The article focuses on two major fields of economic analysis of international interaction: international economics and international political economy. Each of the areas is considered through its formal methodological foundations. An attempt to formulate a general theoretical and methodological foundations of economic analysis of international interaction is made.


Device fabrication based on piezoelectric materials requires prior characterization of full matrix constants. For this, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers standard on piezoelectricity suggests the use of ultrasonic pulse-echo and electric resonance methods. However, these techniques tend to provide inconsistent characterization, because they require multiple samples with drastically different sizes. Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) is a promising alternative, because it uses only a single sample for characterization, thus ensuring self-consistent results. The inverse problem of finding material constants from resonant frequencies is often solved using the nonlinear least squares method despite its being a time-consuming algorithm. Herein, deep learning (DL) is introduced in the inversion procedure of RUS. After the DL network is trained, the material constants are determined with high efficiency. The practicability and reliability of the combination of DL and RUS are demonstrated by characterizing the full tensor constants of LiNbO3 single crystals.


Regional agricultural sustainable development is a complicated system, and it is the basement and important component of sustainable development system(SDS). Based on the dissipative structure principle and the analysis of essential features of regional sustainable development (RSD), the conception, connotation, component and function mechanism of RASDS were generally analysed. In view of dissipative structure principle, countermeasures for realizing harmonious development of RASDS were put forward.


The electric utility industry created the Electric Power Institute (EPRI) in 1973 to manage research in all areas of electric energy generation, transmission, end use, and environmental impact. Each EPRI program and every EPRI project is reviewed by advisory committees made up of utility management people. This brings focus to EPRI work, and in nuclear power, it means focus on issues that have important regulatory implications. EPRI must walk a fine line to see that it does not negotiate with the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) for any licensee or group of licensees. This cardinal principle has been strictly adhered to. However, when positions are presented to NRC, it is the licensee, owners group, or industry committee that carries the issue, with EPRI called on to provide technical information and evidence of its accuracy and quality, and how it was developed and reviewed. Outstanding examples of issues that have been treated by cooperative licensee/EPRI programs are noted.


Abstract Obligate brood parasitic birds may improve their reproductive success if they cause the failure of nests that they had not parasitized, because many host species renest soon after failed nesting attempts and replacement nests may be available for future parasitism. Presently there is conflicting evidence on a key correlate of this parasite-predator hypothesis, namely whether parasitized nests survive at higher rates than non-parasitized nests. Using data collected by volunteers for the Cornell Nest Record Program and by examining nest survival in a northeastern population of Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia) where parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) was common, I found that parasitized sparrow nests in the nestcard sample were more likely to survive at the early stages of the nesting cycle than non-parasitized nests. In addition, while overall reproductive success in the focal study population did not differ significantly between parasitized and non-parasitized hosts, non-parasitized nests were significantly more likely to fail due to predation prior to hatching than non-parasitized nests. Whether the correlation between the presence of parasitic eggs and decreased predation occurs due to cowbirds causing the failure of non-parasitized nests or, alternatively, preference for safe host nests and/or the protection of parasitized nests by parasitic females, will require direct observations and experimental manipulations.


Giovanni Andrea Cornia challenges the idea that a recession by definition increases inequality. In the first decade of the twenty-first century various Latin American countries saw declines in income inequality. These declines in inequality were the result of changes in the political regimes towards the left or the centre, from deliberate policies changes as well as from changes in international conditions. Policies that helped to reduce inequality included a rise in secondary education of low-middle class children, labour market policies that included a rise in the minimum wages greater than in average wages, improved collective bargaining, especially in Southern Cone countries and a formalization of informal jobs, changes in tax policies, that included a rising tax/GDP ratio, more progressive taxation, more attention in public expenditure towards the poor, including social transfers in the form of social pensions and Conditional Cash transfers.


This chapter explores whether magic is an appropriate or useful term for scholars to use in the context of ancient Egypt. It provides a historical overview of the development of Egyptian magic from the third millennium BC until the end of paganism during the first centuries AD. The origins of magic in the creation and its preservation in medical papyri further associate Egyptian magic with learnedness. The earliest period of Egyptian history from which texts have survived is the Old Kingdom. Several types of material related to magic are attested from the Middle Kingdom. The close association between Egyptian magic and medicine becomes explicitly clear in the famous Edwin Smith Papyrus of about 1550 BC. The Egyptians were well aware of the dangers of black magic. Just as in the earlier periods, there are also extant in the Graeco-Roman epoch manuscripts of narratives on magicians.


Application of pure linear deterioration models for Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) is not effective in the representation of the physical degradation of water pipes because of the theoretical approach of water pipes deterioration or simply the uncertainty related to the specific form of effects that a covariate has on the response variable. Polynomial approaches are convenient to represent the complexity of the physical phenomena. However, even high degree polynomials wiggly estimate the relationships and are unsatisfactory in some regions where they fail to fit the observed data. Flexible regression techniques that enable automatic data-driven estimation of nonlinear relations between covariates and response constitute an alternative approach that is able to represent the physical deterioration process. In this study, a Geoadditive Bayesian regression model with smooth nonlinear splines functions for the continuous covariates and spatially distributed effects for the geospatial information of the pipes is applied to predict the failure rate of metallic water mains. The results highlight nonlinear dependency between continuous covariates and the response variable. A map representing the effect of the covariates and the geospatial location of the pipes on the response variable is produced. This map can be used as an early indicator to localize areas where the effect of covariates on the failure rate is high and prioritize them for inspections and maintenance.


Graduates require evidence of employability beyond marks and grades to differentiate themselves in the highly competitive labour market. Universities cannot guarantee employment, but they can engage students in learning and recognise achievement that is relevant to employment. Here, we share preliminary insights from interviews investigating student perceptions of an extra-curricular video strategy designed to develop and showcase graduate employability. The Me in a Minute video strategy provides students with support to film a one minute video pitch aimed at potential employers. Student perceptions of the strategy suggest that in addition to providing an individualised artefact that can be used to showcase achievement, the strategy engages students in reflection that helps them to better understand and articulate evidence of their achievements relevant to employment. Furthermore, students value the learning associated with pitching, more than the video itself.


A combined experimental and theoretical spectroscopic study of high-$n$, ${30 \lesssim n \lesssim 100}$, triplet $\text{S}$ and $\text{D}$ Rydberg states in $^{87}\text{Sr}$ is presented. $^{87}\text{Sr}$ has a large nuclear spin, ${I=9/2}$, and at high-$n$ the hyperfine interaction becomes comparable to, or even larger than, the fine structure and singlet-triplet splittings which poses a considerable challenge both for precision spectroscopy and for theory. For high-$n$ $\text{S}$ states, the hyperfine shifts are evaluated non-perturbatively taking advantage of earlier spectroscopic data for the ${I=0}$ isotope $^{88}\text{Sr}$, which results in good agreement with the present measurements. For the $\text{D}$ states, this procedure is reversed by first extracting from the present $^{87}\text{Sr}$ measurements the energies of the $^{3}\text{D}_{1,2,3}$ states to be expected for isotopes without hyperfine structure ($^{88}\text{Sr}$) which allows the determination of corrected quantum defects in the high-$n$ limit.


High temperature effects on shock wave-boundary layer interaction induced by two-dimensional compression corner have been numerically investigated. When a strong normal shock wave impinges on a ramp surface and refiects on the surface, steady flow is induced behind a normal shock wave and the flow separates near the compression corner and s' h' ock-wave/boundary-layer interaction region is formed. Since the static temperature of the flow is quite high enough for oxygen gas and nitrogen gas to dissociate, high temperature effects including dissociation and recombination of oxygen and nitrogen play very important roles in aerodynamic heating phenomena ofshock-wave/boundary-layer interaction. The effects of chemical reactions on peak heating, peak pressure and separation length have been investigated. Also the effects of wall catalysis and free stream pressure to shock-wave/boundary-layer interaction flow fieldS are also discussed. The results show chemical reaction makes separation region smaller and surface catalytic effect is significant role to surface heating.


In this paper, we focus on the relative efficiency of different e‐collaboration tools and their impact on the performance of individual firms positioned along the supply chain. In exploratory study, the supply chain of one large telecommunications OEM was analyzed in two consecutive phases, namely a detailed case study and an electronic survey. This led to the examination of an entire supply chain from both upstream and downstream perspectives. Supply chain execution and supply chain planning e‐collaboration tools were identified and their relative efficiency was assessed. We attempt to map out the tools' potential to enhance the performance of, individual firms, in particular the link between e‐collaboration configurations and key performance dimensions.


In theory, the application of corporate governance in a company will give good performance. Which determines the quality of corporate governance such as managerial ownership, institutional ownership and types of industry. The purpose of this research was to analyze the effect of managerial ownership, institutional ownership and the type of industry to the quality of corporate governance, and also analyze the effect of the quality of corporate governance to a company's market performance.
 Hypothesis showed that managerial ownership, institutional ownership and the type of industry has a positive effect on the quality of corporate governance, and the quality of corporate governance has a positive effect to a company's market performance. The sample used in this study were 8 companies, consisting of 2 companies of banking and 6 companies of non-banking. Data were obtained from SWA magazine, financial statements ,annual reports and Indonesian Capital Market Directory (ICMD). Analysis techniques that used in this research is multiple linier regression and simple regression.
 These results indicate that managerial ownership does not affect the quality of corporate governance and institutional ownership and type of industry influence on the quality of corporate governance. While the quality of corporate governance do not affect the performance of the market.


Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a serious complication following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT) and can lead to serious organ disease and mortality. This study aimed to investigate the association between absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) and CMV to determine whether ALC could help to identify those at an increased risk of CMV infection and recurrence

 Adults undergoing HSCT between 2011 and 2016 at Rigshospitalet, Denmark were included. Cox proportional hazards models investigated risk factors, including ALC, for CMV infection in the first year post-transplant and recurrent CMV infection 6 months after clearance and stopping CMV treatment for the first infection. For the primary outcome ALC was investigated as a time-updated risk factor lagged by 7 days, and for recurrent CMV, ALC measured at the time at the time of stopping treatment for the first CMV infection was investigated (+/- 7 days).

 Of the 352 HSCT recipients included, 57% were male, 40% received myeloablative conditioning, 42% had high risk (D-R+) CMV IgG serostatus at transplant and the median age was 56 (IQR 43-63). 143 (40.6%) patients had an episode of CMV DNAemia a median of 47 days after transplant (IQR 35-62). A lower current ALC (≤ 0.3 x109/L) was associated with a higher risk of CMV infection in univariate analysis compared to a high current ALC (> 1 x109/L). However, this association was attenuated after adjustment, particularly for acute graft versus host disease (Figure). 102 HSCT recipients were investigated for risk of recurrent CMV of which 41 (40.2%) had a recurrent CMV episode a median of 27 days (IQR 16-50) after stopping CMV treatment for the first infection. A lower ALC (≤ 0.3 x109/L) at the time of stopping CMV treatment was associated with a significantly higher risk of recurrent CMV after adjustment (Figure). A higher peak viral load (> 1500 IU/ml) during the first episode of CMV infection was also associated with an increased risk of recurrent CMV (aHR 2.47, 95%CI 1.00-6.10 compared to < 750 IU/ml).
 Association between absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) and risk of CMV infection and recurrent CMV within 6 months. **First CMV infection multivariable model also adjusted for sex, CMV serostatus, age, year of transplant, Charlson Comorbidity Index, Anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) given, HLA donor-recipient matching, and acute graft versus host disease (time-updated) *Recurrent CMV infection multivariable model also adjusted for conditioning regimen, sex, CMV serostatus, age, year of transplant Anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) given, HLA donor-recipient matching, and acute graft versus host disease and peak CMV viral load during the first CMV infection

 A lower ALC at the time of stopping treatment for the first CMV infection was associated with an increased risk of recurrent CMV and could be used to help guide decisions for augmented CMV surveillance and clinical awareness of CMV disease symptoms in these patients.

 All Authors: No reported disclosures


In recent years, the digital transformation of Higher Education (HE) has had a significant impact on educators and teaching practices across the sector. New ways of working have led to teachers experiencing more pressure to develop technical expertise while simultaneously supporting students through a labyrinth of change. This small-scale explorative study investigates educators' experiences of working and teaching online in a teaching-focused institution through the lens of Leavitt's Diamond Model (1964). The data collected consists of six semi-structured interviews with teachers working in a teaching-focused university. The study indicates that many participants have experienced a significant increase in workload since the Covid-19 pandemic, with some exhibiting signs of technostress associated with online working (Panisoara et al., 2021). This seemed especially prevalent with more senior academics as policies and digital infrastructure appear to have led to additional administrative burdens. Despite these findings, the research suggests that Information Communication Technology (ICT) may not be the sole cause for this, but rather, it is a symptom of a more complex phenomenon. It has been further suggested that as the HE landscape evolved, little emphasis has been placed on how organisational initiatives influenced the structure, work tasks, technology, and teachers' experiences. Due to the limited scope of this study, it is unclear if this is an isolated situation within the school or a more extensive sector-wide issue. Nevertheless, Higher Education


Handling crisp and precise data in SQL is an easy process but classical data models often suffer from their incapability of representing and manipulating imprecise and uncertain information which is found in many real world applications. Since the early 1980's, Zadeh'sfuzzy logic has been used to improve and modify various data models. This introduction of fuzzy logic in databases enhances the capability of classical models so that uncertain and imprecise information could easily be represented and manipulated.This paper proposes an algorithm with the help of which crisp values are converted into fuzzy values by calculating their membership value at the database level. The paper then uses a GUI through which the result of fuzzy queries can be obtained from the database. With the help of proposed algorithm, the calculated membership value will be stored in the database for differentpredefined categories (e.g.-child, young, middle age and old in case of ages). These membership values helps in fetching the result of fuzzy queries from the database with the help of developed GUI (the database used here is oracle 10g but other databases can also be used).The fuzzy queries have a wider retrieved space and can be used to identify the characteristic of an individual (marks in this case).


Med Sci 2009;29(5) 1315 eterotopia, from the Greek "heteros" (different) and "topos" (location), is defined as the occurrence of normal tissue in an abnormal location. Synonymously, the term "choristoma", from the Greek "choristos" (separated), has also been used.1 HGM may be found anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract. Gastric ectopic tissue has been found in the tongue and mouth, in the esophagus, duodenum, biliary tree, liver, pancreComplicating Recurrent Gastric Heterotopia of the Small Intestine: Case Report


The corrosion behavior of carbon steel in the broth culture of green sulphur bacteria at room temperature was studied in this paper.It was found that the bacteria grew quickly after an incubation phase of nearly 50 hours,the content of bacteria rised to the maxium at 192 hours,then it came into the dead phase.The rapid decrease of the sulphur concentrations and increase of pH value were accompanied by the metabolism process of bacteria.The increase of pH value led to the decrease of anodic dissolution rate,and even to the occurance of passivation.The decrease of sulphur concentration probably reduced the corrosion as well.Thus the changes of chemical circumstance in the broth decreased the corrosion rate of carbon steel at the same time.The results indicated that green sulphur bacteria seemed to be a kind of microorganism which inhibited the corrosion process of carbon steel by changing the chemical composition of the broth.


Abstract The digestive tracts of 29 Hemidactylus bowringii from Hong Kong, China were examined for helminths. One species of Cestoda, Oochoristica javaensis, two species of Nematoda, Parapharyngodon maplestoni and Spauligodon hemidactylus, and one species of Acanthocephala, Acanthocephalus bufonis, were found. These helminths are opportunistic generalists that infect other lizard species and each species represents a new helminth record for H. bowringii. Hong Kong, China is a new locality record for O. javaensis, P. maplestoni, and S. hemidactylus.


Timing synchronization is premise and foundation of reliable receiving for OFDM signals, especially when multipath fading and Doppler shifting exists. In this work, a robust timing synchronization method based on fast timing search window and double threshold for decision is proposed. The fast timing search window can effectively reduce the false alarm probability and the double threshold decision can reduce the acquisition lost probability. Also, simulations to testify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy are carried out.


Recent years have seen a gradual shift of focus from entity-based tasks to event-based tasks in information extraction research. Being a core event-based task, event coreference resolution is less studied but arguably more challenging than entity coreference resolution. This paper provides an overview of the major milestones made in event coreference research since its inception two decades ago.


This study discusses the process of moral and spiritual formation of prisoners in the Pekanbaru Class IIA Correctional Institution. The purpose of the study was to find out and analyze the form of implementation of moral and spiritual formation in Pekanbaru Class IIA Correctional Institution. This research uses descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The technique of collecting data is through interviews, documentation and observations of officials, prison officials, dai and pastors and assisted citizens. The results of the study showed that the forms of moral and spiritual formation in the assisted citizens of the Class IIA Correctional Institution in Pekanbaru were in the form of oral preaching


make governance relevant to the postcolony while running up against its shortcomings and contradictions as a largely imposed set of theories and measures. At times, one might have expected that the inequalities in power that Everatt centres would be foregrounded, such as in Nieuwkerk and Mphahlele's chapter (p. –) on crisis leadership during the West African Ebola outbreak of –, where this key context is all but an afterthought; or in Monyane's chapter (p. –) on the judiciary in South Africa, where there is no elaboration on the significance of what the author acknowledges to be colonial 'rules of the game'. In general, conventional analyses using African examples outweigh any reimagining of governance in the context of post-colonial Africa. Given the subtitle – A view from Africa – one would expect a greater share of voices or case studies reflecting the diversity of African contexts. One case study from West Africa and a chapter informed by research in Zambia are unbalanced by the preponderance of South African material and perspectives. The attempt to theorise governance in the African postcolony is therefore limited. No study can be exhaustive, but one would also welcome African perspectives on patterns of labour, un/employment, migration and xenophobia: all important issues for governance. The absence of a working definition or deeper conceptualisation of 'democracy' hampers the analysis of governance in relation to 'democratic tension'. What is democracy? When is tension democratic – between which actors, and in relation to which post-colonial questions? Two chapters attest that the South African events around decolonising higher education in – are an important field of inquiry for post-colonial governance. But this demands closer attention to the content of those movements than the chapters deliver. An analysis of the ways those movements challenged governance logic and structures, and suggested or formulated new techniques and patterns for 'governance' based on their visions of the postcolony, would be a more substantial contribution than analyses through existing models of governance or a governance agenda set by a group of academics. Democracy would be a focal element in such a discussion. Cumulatively, the chapters complicate governance as a concept and provide a (South) African context for thinking about governance. But the ambitious promise around post-colonial and decolonial theory laid out in Everatt's opening chapters is not sustained. The primary contribution of Governance and the Postcolony is to open the concept of 'governance' to further inquiry and debate on its relevance to the postcolony. PADDY O 'HALLORAN University of the Witwatersrand


With the increasing complexity of combat environment which UAVs operate on,the research on the UAV to avoid dynamic obstacles has become a hot issue. With the help of the idea of proportional navigation law,we guide the direction of the relative speed of the UAV to the dynamic obstacle to the direction of collision avoidance vector to complete collision avoidance. In order to meet the completion time and the constrains of maneuver performance of UAV,this paper gives the formulations of the estimated time of collision avoidance and the normal acceleration.Then we get the range of the proportional navigation coefficient by solving the formulations. After the UAV reaching the collision avoidance point,we make path planning at the point by using the proportional navigation law and the UAV reach the target at last. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the algorithm.


Structural integrity assessment procedures to assess the effect of interaction between multiple adjacent flaws normally consist of two stages. First, alignment rules categorize non-coplanar flaws as aligned or non-aligned. Second, combination rules classify aligned flaws as interacting or non-interacting. Although these criteria are applied to different failure modes like brittle fracture, elastic–plastic fracture and plastic collapse, most of them were developed based on linear elastic fracture mechanics for the sake of simplicity. However, there are very limited references available for the technical background of these criteria. This lack of justifying backgrounds becomes more critical when applying these procedures to any other failure modes other than brittle fracture. This article studies the interaction between non-coplanar edge notches in scenarios of large deformation. Hereto, strain patterns are studied through full-field deformation measurements utilizing both experimental and numerical tools. Digital image correlation is used to measure strain during experiments and to verify the finite element analyses. The results show that in addition to the crack driving force, which represents a local response of notches, the global strain distribution within the specimen in terms of strain patterns can be used to probe the interaction between non-coplanar flaws. The authors suggest a novel criterion based on the trajectory of maximum equivalent strain to distinguish between aligned and non-aligned flaws. This study is based on double-edge notched tension specimens and gives a fundamental insight into flaw interaction in failure modes other than brittle fracture.


A new rapid, sensitive and selective method is proposed for the spectrophotometric determination of a trace of mercury (II) by solvent extraction. The method is based on the formation of an ion-pair complex between the tribromo-mercury(II) complex anion and the dyestuff cation obtained by oxidation of variamine blue B. The optimum pH range for the color reaction is 2.5–4. The blue complex can be extracted into nitrobenzene and has a maximum absorption at 605 mμ in the organic solvent. Beer's law holds in the range 3.2×10−6−2.2×10−5 M of mercury(II) in the aqueous layer before the extraction, with a molar absorptivity of 4.03×104 mol−1cm−1 l at 605 mμ. The color reaction is instantaneous and the complex remains stable 15 mintes in the nitrobenzene layer. Of the 22 cations and 11 anions examined, tin(II), tin(IV), antimony (III), iodide, cyanide, and thiocyanate showed serious interferences.


In this paper, the filtering problem for a large class of continuous-time, continuous-state stochastic dynamical systems is considered. Inspired by recent advances in asymptotically-optimal sampling-based motion planning algorithms, such as the PRM* and the RRT*, an incremental sampling-based algorithm is proposed. Using incremental sampling, this approach constructs a sequence of Markov chain approximations, and solves the filtering problem, in an incremental manner, on these discrete approximations. It is shown that the trajectories of the Markov chain approximations converge in distribution to the trajectories of the original stochastic system; moreover, the optimal filter calculated on these Markov chains converges to the optimal continuous-time nonlinear filter. The convergence results are verified in a number of simulation examples.


Several models had been proposed for dynamic systems, and different criteria had been analyzed for such models such as Hamiltonian, synchronization, Lyapunov expansion, and stability. The geometry criteria play a significant part in analyzing dynamic systems and some study articles analyze the geometry of such topics. The synchronization and the complex-network control with specified topology; meanwhile, the exact topology may be unknown. In the present paper, and by making use of the adaptive control method, a proposed control method is developed to determine the actual topology. The basic idea in the proposed method is to receive evolution of the network-nodes


Renewable energy generation is offered through electricity markets, quite some time in advance. This then leads to a problem of decision-making under uncertainty, which may be seen as a newsvendor problem. Contrarily to the conventional case for which underage and overage penalties are known, such penalties in the case of electricity markets are unknown, and difficult to estimate. In addition, one is actually only penalized for either overage or underage, not both. Consequently, we look at a slightly different form of a newsvendor problem, for a price-taker participant offering in electricity markets, which we refer to as Bernoulli newsvendor problem. After showing that its solution is consistent with that for the classical newsvendor problem, we then introduce distributionally robust versions, with ambiguity possibly about both the probabilistic forecasts for power generation and the chance of success of the Bernoulli variable. Both versions of the distributionally robust Bernoulli newsvendor problem admit closed-form solutions. We finally use simulation studies, as well as a real-world case-study application, to illustrate the workings and benefits from the approach.


The ability to prepare solvent-borne, high-solids, coating resins has been hampered by the need to use resins which have lower than desired T g s or use more solvent than would be preferred to reach application viscosity. Recent work has indicated that cyclic, higher T g , methacrylate monomers that are incorporated into a styrene/acrylic copolymer may be effective in reducing solution viscosity. This work will discuss the effect of incorporating different cyclic methacrylate monomers on solution viscosities of several styrene/acrylic polymers. The high T g cyclic monomers studied were : isobornyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, t-butylcyclohexyl methacrylate, and 3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl methacrylate. The monomers were incorporated into two polymers of different T g s (30°C and 60°C) at between 60-65% solids level. Viscosities were measured and distinct differences in solution viscosities were noted. The polymers were characterized by various measurements. This paper will discuss these observations and the impact that this data provides.


Pneumographic tracings of the movements of the upper chest, lower chest and abdomen have been recorded individually and simultaneously with the velocity of air flow by means of electronic equipment in 70 newborn infants. A total of 114 recordings were made on infants from zero to 49 days of age and with birth weights of 1000 gm. or more. Most infants during the first 24 hours after birth had a respiratory pattern in which the inspiratory and expiratory movements of the upper chest, lower chest and abdomen were parallel and tended to be synchronous. In a few infants at birth and in most older infants this respiratory pattern was modified. The modification consisted in the lower chest tending to move in a direction opposite to that of the abdomen and upper chest.
 The theory has been advanced that diaphragmatic breathing, which is so characterisitc of older infants, is not completely established at birth except in a few infants who perhaps are more mature. In the more mature infant, contraction of the diaphragm probably exerts a pull on the lower chest, causing its indrawing during inspiration. It has been suggested that inability to develop adequate diaphragmatic contractions may be an important factor in the many neonatal deaths that occur in the first few days of life. It has been pointed out that the newborn infant may have a poorly developed vagal mechanism and that this may be one of the factors causing diaphragmatic activity to be inadequate. Observations on three infants who died during the first 48 hours of life are reported which tend to support the theory that vagal deficiency is a possible cause of inadequate diaphragmatic activity, pulmonary hyaline membranes and neonatal death.


This article deals with the results and further consequences of my empirical investigation of Christian–Muslim families and their children in Germany. It gives an insight into the religious world of 4‐ to 12‐year‐old children in Christian–Muslim families through the analysis of evaluated interviews and drawings concerning religious practice and the image of God. Through the presentation of different aspects such as prayer, the image of God, gender issues, religious practice and affinity, the question of children's own needs is discussed.


A revision of several painted inscriptions discovered in a late antique chamber tomb in Tyre shows that they recorded verses from two Psalms (3, 6 and 62, 2-3), both not otherwise attested epigraphically. The article subsequently examines how these verses were received and interpreted in early Christian literature and by the Greek Fathers of the Church: The popular verse 6 of Psalm 3, with its reference to sleep and awakening, was understood by most—but not all—commentators as a reference to the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. The less famous first verses of Psalm 62 were usually just read as an expression of the longing for God. The juxtaposition of these two Psalms, which share the liturgical role of Morning Psalms, suggests that the verses from Psalm 62 as well as the one from Psalm 3 were understood as referring to the resurrection and used to express the deceased's belief in salvation.


This article has made some technological improvement on the previous finishing line timing and has made achievements through three years of experiment on university sports meeting.The principle of the research is to acquire the video of athletes in the sports through the picture recognition technology,inducement and process of picture,preservation of records to form the finishing line timing system.Then through the coordination of computer to achieve all the results of the system.The result of the experiment:improve the levels of judges and ensure the correctness of the record and standardization of management.


O/R Mapping is a bridge between Object-Oriented Model and Relational Data Model.This paper made a thorough analysis of the basic principle of the mapping between Object-Oriented Model and Relational Data Model,and showed how to use an open source object persistence framework,Hibernate,in CRM.


The quality of the probiotics is determined by the microbiological composition and can thus be verified by analyzing this characteristic. The use of the Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) allows the detection of each microorganism through the corresponding band on the gel, which can be considered as the "bar code" of that microorganism. This "bar code" principle demonstrates the potential for the application of DGGE technology to test microbial probiotics with or without a bacterium as registered to assess whether they are qualified. As such, in this study, we experiment the application of DGGE method to test 10 commercial probiotic products, with a focus on products consisting of only bacteria which dominate the market. First, we performed DNA genome extraction and amplification of 550 bp DNA of the 16S rDNA by PCR. Then, the  amplicon was analysed on polyacrylamide gels containing a 30% to 60% linear denaturing gradient of urea and formamide. Microbial composition of 7 of the 10 products showed a strong correlation between DGGE results with product labeling as well as isolation of micoorganism. This study thus demonstrates the potential application of DGGE technology in evaluating the qualities of probiotic products.


Nucleoside diphosphate kinase (Ndk) is ubiquitous and highly conserved multifunctional key enzyme in nucleotide metabolism. It generates nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) by transfer of gamma-phosphates from nucleoside triphosphates such as ATP or GTP to nucleoside diphosphate. The formation of an autophosphorylated enzyme intermediate is involved in that mechanism. The phosphate is usually supplied by ATP and Ndk activity in different subcellular compartments. Ndk may regulate the crucial balance between ATP and GTP or other nucleoside triphosphates. Ndk is playing an important role in bacterial pathogenesis and emerging evidences recognize multiple roles of Ndk in host-microbe interaction. Here, I review some examples of the role of Ndk in intra- and extracellular microorganism.


How can the human brain retrieve unique memories, given the vast amount of overlapping information available in memory? The aim of the present study is to understand what role hippocampal theta oscillations play in this mnemonic selection process. Computational models propose that phase coding along a slow (theta) oscillation provides an efficient way of separating relevant, to-be-remembered information from overlapping, currently irrelevant information (Lisman & Jensen, 2013; Norman et al., 2006). In the present study, we used a newly developed approach (Kerren, Linde-Domingo, Hanslmayr, & Wimber, 2018) for analysing periodic memory reactivation in non-invasive magnetoencephalographic (MEG) data. We show that to-be-remembered memories are reactivated at a specific phase along a slow (7Hz) hippocampal oscillation, and that the brain codes competing memories at a different phase of the oscillatory cycle. This is the first demonstration of phase shifts in periodic memory reactivation signals in humans, and provides new insights into how the brain handles mnemonic competition on a millisecond time scale.


The entry into force of the Unified Patent Court Agreement is an event that will significantly affect the examination of patent cases in Europe. On this occasion, it is worth comparing the procedure of the newly created court with the national procedure. The aim of the article is to present the procedure before the Unified Patent Court, as well as to compare both procedures and consider changes that should be introduced in the national procedure. Particular attention is paid to the technical judges, as well as to the procedure to determine the amount of compensation.


As a result of apparent variations in the social, political and economic context of countries, accounting professionalization takes diverse forms and passes through varied challenges in different countries. While accounting professionalization in Western societies has generally been well documented, studies that examine this process in developing countries appear relatively limited. This paper examines the accounting professionalization process in the context of alternating politico-economic developments in Ethiopia over the past century. A combination of functionalist, interactionist, and critical perspectives is employed to interpret the ongoing efforts to establish a viable professional accountancy body in the country. The study illustrates how the dynamics of state-profession interactions, structure of the economy, the role of the state in the market for accounting lab our, interactions between the state and global forces, and attributes of the aspiring associations have impacted on the professionalization enterprise. The results are interpreted in light of the results of similar studies in other English-speaking developing countries.


During power grid cascading failure, the operating point changes frequently, resulting in a mismatch or inaccuracy of online pre-decision making emergency control strategy. To solve this problem, an online power system stability decisionmaking and control method based on super-real-time simulation is presented in this paper. A decision-making and control system is developed in which the three main operation modes, offline pre-decision-making, online pre-decision-making, and real-time control, are all coordinated. To verify the method, ADPSS (advanced digital power system simulator) is used to simulate a digital power grid with about 20,000 buses. The closed-loop operation of the digital power grid and the online decisionmaking and control system are implemented. Test results show that when online pre-decision making control strategies are mismatched, aided real-time control works well and can prevent power grid stability loss.


The task of the orbit correction is to find the kick vector Θ for a given measured orbit vector X↘. We are presenting a method, in which the kick vector is expressed as linear combination of the eigenvectors. An additional advantage of this method is that it yields the smallest possible kick vector to correct the orbit. We will illustrate the application of the method to the NSLS X‐ray and UV storage rings and the resulting measurements. It will be evident, that the accuracy of this method allows the combination of the global orbit correction and local optimization of the orbit for beam lines and insertion devices.The eigenvector decomposition can also be used for optimizing kick vectors, taking advantage of the fact that eigenvectors with corresponding small eigenvalues generate negligible orbit changes. Thus, one can reduce a kick vector calculated by any other correction method and still stay within the tolerance for orbit correction.The response matrix A is defined by the equation X↘=AΘ↘, where Θ↘ is ...


This paper studies the use and benefits of bar codes for providing greater student anonymity and enhancing grading fairness. Two studies are reported in this manuscript. Study 1 found that using bar codes to obscure the identity of students is more difficult than using other common methods for identifying students such as using names or numbers. Study 2 revealed that although most students supported greater anonymity in grading, many students opposed anonymity because they felt that it reduces the social process that also influences grade judgments, a process that they perceived to work in their favor.


The current research has as starting point the decision process model and innovation adoption process, applied on the specific of mobile telecommunications users, focusing on mobile telephones/ smartphones. The decision process model has the following steps: perception of need, expectations, looking for information, alternatives evaluation, creation of preferences, choice, purchase, consumption, assessment after purchase. On the other hand, the model of innovation adoption focus on the following stages: innovators (the first to adopt innovations), early adopters (become convinced by innovations and quickly buy), early majority (first expect the experience of others and then buy), late majority (wait for the popularization of innovations before buying) and latecomers (the last to buy innovations). The research was made during March 2013, using a questionnaire based survey, which was filled in by 165 mobile telephones owners. The sample was calculated with the help of the probabilistic method. The hypotheses derived from the objectives of this research and were formulated taking into consideration the final results of the research paper: more than half of the respondents are open to new technology and have a smartphone; the brand with the highest success among mobile telephones owners is Samsung; most frequently, mobile telephones owners bought this product very quickly after its launch; most frequently, mobile telephones owners accorded main attention to the following stages of the buying decision process: information search and choice; most frequently, the mobile telephones owners were influenced in their decision process by family, friends, colleagues and sales force. The final results were obtained using statistical functions, such as: descriptive statistics and factor analysis, with the help of the SPSS 16.0 software for Windows XP.


Most of the radioactivity was eliminated exclusively into the urine when thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide-S35 (outer) was fed to rats. The metabolites were isolated by chromatographic fractionation using silicic acid or a hyldietaminoethyl Sephadex anion exchanger. The isolated metabolites were compared with synthetic standards and were characterized chemically by isotope dilution, infrared analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. About 90% of the urinary radioactivity was thus identified as υ-hydroxy-δ-methylsulfonyl valerie acid (50-70%), methyl tetrahydrofurfuryl sulfoxide (15-30%), υ-hydroxy-δ-methylsulfinyl valerie acid (4-7%), methyl tetrahydrofurfuryl sulfone (2-4%) and inorganic sulfate (3-6%). The hydroxy valerie acid metabolites were converted to the corresponding υ-lactones by treatment with acid, and the identity of the lactones was also established by spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and isotope dilution. Time course studies on metabolite pattern show that υ-hydroxy-δ-methylsulfonyl valeric acid is a main and terminal product. The present studies add further evidence for the importance of the methylsulfonyl pathway in the biotransformation of foreign alkyl mercaptans.


Computational radiation transport has steadily gained acceptance in the last decade as a viable modeling tool due to the rapid advancements in computer software and hardware technologies. It can be applied for the analysis of a wide range of problems which arise in nuclear reactor physics, medical physics, atmospheric physics, astrophysics and other areas of engineering physics. However, radiation transport is an extremely chanllenging computational problem since the governing equation is seven-deimensional (3 in space, 2 in direction, 1 in energy, and 1 in time) with a high degree of coupleing betwen these variables. If not careful, this relatively large number of independent variables when discretized can potentially lead to sets of linear equations of intractable size. Though parallel computing has allowed the solution of very large problems, avaliable computational resources will always be finite due to the fact that every more sophisticated multiphysics models are being demanded by industry. There is thus the pressing requirement to optimize the discretizations so as to minimize the effort and maximize the accuracy.


PM2.5 is a scientific index used for measuring air pollution degree. WHO proposes PM2.5 less than 10 is safe. However, PM2.5 in many areas of China is higher than 50 and even close to 80, which is much higher than that in Sahara Desert. From the perspective of environmental protection and human's physical health, it is necessary for governmental departments to organize environmental monitoring stations for carrying out PM2.5 concentrations monitoring, using the annual concentration of 35 micrograms/m3 as standard and knowing well the dynamics of PM2.5 concentration with all sorts of flexible monitoring methods. Therefore, concerning about these, a study is made in this paper.


The Institutiones iuris canonici of Giovan Paolo Lancellotti (1522-1590), a handbook of canon law, was published in 1563, and has been regularly edited until the end of the 18th century, in a monographic form or joined to the Corpus iuris canonici. This book affiliated to legal humanism (or mos gallicus), announces a rupture in canonical science. It adopts the tripartite plan " personae-res-actiones " of the Justinian's Institutes ; aims to expose the whole of the Latin Church law by excluding civil law ; and is organized in books, titles and concise paragraphs. It breaks with the Medieval tradition which practiced dialectic methodology, and inserts the Catholic Church into the great codification movement. Lancellotti's book is presented in the context of its emergence (intentio auctoris), is submitted to external and internal criticism (intentio operis), and is analysed in the context of its reception up until the institution of modern canon law (intentio lectoris).


We present experimental results on the atomic structure of the interfaces between a‐Si:H and a‐SiNx:H layers obtained by analyzing the intensity of the Raman lines from zone‐folded acoustic phonons and of the peaks of x‐ray diffraction at grazing angles. We determine the width of these interfaces and their stability under thermal annealing in temperatures below the crystallization temperature.


As an impact of globalization, English has become an international language and a means not only to obtain further information or knowledge but also to access and socialize in international professional or academic communities. It is also considered the most important and popular foreign language taught in school in every country, including Thailand. As a result, effective teaching and learning English is vital. However, amongst the four macro language skills, speaking skills seem to be difficult for Thai learners because of the lack of opportunities to be exposed to authentic English and thus failed to achieve the standards required. To be successful in improving English speaking skills, this study has the principle objective of investigating five variables affecting Thai learners' development of oral proficiency. To accomplish this goal, 327 Thai learners participated in this study. Based on an extensive review of literature, a systematically-designed questionnaire and semistructured interviews were used. The findings indicated that most of Thai learners relatively had high extrinsic motivation in learning English. They also had positive attitudes towards the English language which helped them learn English. However, many of them had inhibitions, hindering their success in mastering their English speaking competence. The implications of the findings are useful in providing a basis for improving English speaking instruction in general, and classroom activities and environment, and textbook development in particular.


Spatial distributions of principal elements in a NFSa fibrosarcoma tumor treated with a vascular disruption agent, AVE8062 (a derivative of combretastatin A-4) at a single dose of 40 mg/kg were evaluated on the basis of particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis using a submillimeter-sized proton beam. We found not only potassium and sulfur concentrations at the periphery of the treated tumor but also a ring-shaped calcium distribution in the area between the inner necrotic region and the periphery. These observations were supported by results for quantitative evaluation of elemental concentrations in the tumor samples obtained from conventional PIXE analysis based on the internal standard method. It is suggested that the potassium and sulfur concentrations are related to residual viable cells at the tumor periphery which are commonly observed in VDA treatments whereas the ring of calcium concentration just inside the tumor periphery is possibly derived from hypoxia-induced response.


Machine translation has witnessed many advances in recent years and has become ever more accessible. However, no matter how good an automated translation is, a proficient human translator does a better job. In this project, we attempt to identify areas of machine translation that need addressing by analyzing texts from three different disciplines translated using 'Google translate' from English into Arabic. We then suggest where and when human intervention is necessary as well as further automated functions to be incorporated in an improved proposed model to be developed based on the findings of this study. Human intervention can be required in instances when machine translation fails to detect the context, and automated functions include determining the discipline of the text using keywords and titles and connecting the text to more specialized dictionaries.


24 months follow-up. Of these, 91 children (61%) were Engel class 1, 13 (9%) were Engel class II, 19 (12%) Engel class III and 25 (17%) Engel class IV. Children with tumour histology had the best outcome, with 73% achieving Engel I. Tumour predicted better outcome than hippocampal sclerosis (59%), dysplasias (44%) or cavernoma (33%). Post-op neuropsychology reports were available for 57 children. Of these, 46 (80%) had no new defi cit detectable following surgery. Conclusions. Th is is the largest series of TLR yet reported, and the implications will be discussed.


Groundwater typology is a method which is intended to address the relative lack of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) data on a global basis. On the local scale, a typology was developed for Port Jefferson Harbor with the ultimate goal of scaling nitrates additions to the Long Island Sound. SGD measurements at one location in the south-east side of the Harbor were extrapolated around the shore in 100-m intervals of the harbor using a typology based on calculations of freshwater underflow. The highest SGD rates were forecast to be found in the east side of the Harbor (Belle Terre community), and in the west side of the Harbor (Poquott community). Lower SGD rates are estimated to be found in the south and south-east end of the Harbor, in the area of Port Jefferson community. INTRODUCTION Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is a composited flux of groundwater underflow and diffused sea-water that occurs in the coastal zone (Bokuniewicz, 2001; Bokuniewicz et al., 2003; Moore, 2009). Classically, SGD flux is much greater than underflow (Cartwright et al., 2004; Mulligan and Charette, 2009), confined to a distance of up to 100m from the water's edge and modified by tidal fluctuations, with larger SGD rates linked to low tides (Burnett et al., 2006). When underflow absorbs elevated concentrations of dissolved, SGD lifts fluxes of dissolved constitutes to the coastal environment (Wachnicka et al., 2011). When considering implications of SGD, Nitrate (N) is a bio-geochemical of importance. Naturally, or artificially disproportionate N discharge is called eutrophication. Artificially eutrophication is often linked to phosphates (P) and N infiltration into groundwater underflow (Lee et al., 2009; Mutchler et al., 2007; Tapia González et al., 2008). When discharged, SGD may cause an intense increase of organisms (e.g. phytoplankton) (Troccoli-Ghinaglia et al., 2010), leading to oxygen depletion, or hypoxia (Kodama and Horiguchi, 2011). Thus, some habitats may not survive in the hypoxic environment. Measurement of SGD is a daunting task. Therefore, data are usually obtained at only few sites along the shore (Taniguchi et al., 2002). In order to assess the regional supply of SGD, point measurements need to be extrapolated over wider areas from characteristics measured at one or a few sites. One strategy for accomplishing this extrapolation is the use of groundwater typology (Bokuniewicz, 2001; Bokuniewicz et al., 2003; Buddemeier et al., 2008; Dahl et al., 2007; Dulaiova et al., 2006). SGD data extrapolation over the surroundings of Port Jefferson Harbor, NY; as a part of a study purposed to assess N additions into the Long Island Sound, through groundwater underflow; is described. PREVIOUS WORK Local typologies had been constructed for Manhasset Bay and Northport Harbor (Pick, 2012 ). Sparse, direct measurements of SGD were correlated with calculations of freshwater underflow using modeling relationships from Destouni and Prieto (2003). Port Jefferson Harbor, located in the town of Brookhaven, NY, is a natural deep water harbor. At its opening, the Harbor is connected to Setauket Harbor, and Conscience Bay, and is also at its widest with an almost 1800m width. The Port Jefferson Harbor is about 2.2 km long (measured on Google EarthTM), and its deepest water depth is around 7.6m (Google EarthTM elevation data). The surroundings of the Harbor are divided between three communities. From Belle Terre community, in the east coast side, to Port Jefferson community in the south, and south-west coastal zone, and Poquott community in the western coast of the Harbor. Belle Terre community has a population density of 369.2 people/ km for a 2.3 km area. Population density of Port Jefferson community is 998.6 people/ km for a 7.8 km area. Poquott community has a population density of 855.6 people/ km, for a 1 km area (US 2000 Census, www.census.gov). Average precipitation in this area as was measured using rain gauge data in the location of Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is 90 cm/ year (Zhou and Hanson, 2008). Port Jefferson Harbor was recognized as a critical area for wading birds, and includes designated areas as New York State Significant Coastal Fish and Wildlife Habitat (www.brookhaven.org). Nevertheless, the Port Jefferson Harbor area is highly developed. Surroundings of the Harbor include an electric power plant, and a sewage treatment plant (Buck et al., 2005; Freudenberg, 2008), all communities around the Port Jefferson Harbor are connected to a sewer system (http://www.co.suffolk.ny.us/Home/departments/planning/Cartography%20and%20GIS/ Cartography/Online%20Maps.aspx). Dominant sources of groundwater nitrate are expected to be due to leakage in the sewer system, fertilizer applications and road runoff. METHODS The typology was based on calculation of the underflow, that is, the volume of groundwater flowing under the shoreline. The coastal zones of the specific areas were divided into 100m cells, specified by their central, Slate-Plane coordinates. There are 45 coastal cells for Port Jefferson Harbor (Figure 1, below).
 Figure 1 (Left). Coastal data cells for Port Jefferson Harbor.
 Groundwater contours are not available for this area, excluding a small portion of the area south to the Harbor. These data are insignificant when building a typology. Available data from USGS wells (whttp://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/usa/nwis/gwlevels) are not significant to build groundwater typology as well (Figure 2, below). Figure 2 (Left). USGS wells data, represented by the pins images, for surroundings of Port Jefferson Harbor. The conventional wisdom is groundwater elevation mimics land elevation (Toth, 1963). To overcome the lack of groundwater data in the surroundings of Port Jefferson Harbor, a linear regression that describes water table elevation, as was observed from the USGS wells data, as a function of land elevation. Land elevations were measured at a fixed distance from the shore using Google EarthTM (Figure 3, below). Figure 3 (Left). Relationship between land (Google EarthTM data), and water table elevations (USGS wells data) This method, which allows usage of land elevation as a surrogate to water table elevation, was used to overcome the lack of data. Water table elevation (m) was computed to be equal to 0.2443 multiplied by land elevation (m) for this area. SGD was measured using manual seepage meters (Lee, 1977), and extrapolated by computing of available hydrological parameters which are available by the USGS, physical data available by Google EarthTM. The underflow was calculated using an hydraulic conductivity of 76.2 m/day (Busciolano, 2002). The underflow was converted to SGD using the relationships of Destouni and Prieto (2003) and calibrated with the direct measurements. An aquifer thickness of 5 m was assumed, to explain SGD rates in the measurement site. SGD measurements were made with a vented benthic chamber (Lee, 1977). The sediment layer was penetrated by the top of a 55 gallon drum with 2 holes. One hole was sealed with a rubber stopper during collection periods, and the other was a small nozzle covered with a 3.79-liter collection bag connected with a piece of Tygon tubing. The bag was zip-tied to the Tygon tubing to prevent leaks. A Schlumberger "CTD-Diver" pressure sensor (model DI261: 10m/80 mS/cm) was attached to at least one of the drums at the nozzle to record tide levels and water temperature. RESULTS SGD in Port Jefferson was measured in one location, northern to Setauket Yacht Club, the Port Jefferson community. Coordinated of the measurements site location are 40.95167; -73.06750. Three seepage meters were installed, July 13, 2010, 13 meters away from the coast, parallel to the shore line. Data, with relationship to tides, were collected from 12:00 PM to 4:00 PM. Results show variation in SGD measurements. Figure 4, below, illustrates the variations in SGD measurements which were recorded. Port Jefferson (7/13/10) 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 12:12 12:40 13:09 13:38 14:07 14:36 15:04 15:33 Time F lo w R a te ( c m /d a y ) 10.20 10.40 10.60 10.80 11.00 11.20 11.40 11.60 H e ig h t (m ) 12.9 m (B)


Climate warming has currently been one of the most important global environmental issues. Coal mine methane (CMM) is a typical greenhouse gas with higher global warming potential and ozone depletion potential than CO2. Unfortunately, it should be noted that the CMM emission increases rapidly with the increasing coal consumption in China. Fast and whole protection technology of borehole is a recently developed method to maintain the drainage efficiency in deep mining level. However, the potential negative impact of screen pipes on CMM drainage efficiency has not been well studied. To investigate this impact, an innovative coal permeability model from elastic to post-failure state was deduced to develop our previous gas migration model. Then redistributed stress, coal permeability and gas pressure around a borehole were studied by implementing the mathematical model into Comsol Multiphysics. Numerical results indicate that the negative impact of screen pipes on drainage subpressure do not affect the drainage efficiency due to the stress redistribution. Engineering application shows that comparing to the traditional borehole protection technology, the gas concentration increases about 120% and the gas flux increases about 110% by using the fast and whole protection technology. The research will provide theoretical foundation of CMM capture and borehole protect technology and is of great significance for the CMM utilization and the global environment.


This work aimed to develop new biodegradable in situ forming implants for the treatment of periodontitis, the most common infections in the world. These implants would locally deliver the active ingredient and control its release. One of the prerequisites for these new systems is to provide a good bioadhesion and mechanical properties to prevent premature expulsion from the periodontal pocket. Firstly, new in situ forming implants with promising potential to overcome one of the major drawbacks for the local treatment of periodontitis: limited adhesion to the surrounding tissue were developed. The addition of various concentrations of different types of plasticizers (acetyltributyl citrate, ATBC and dibutyl sebacate, DBS) and adhesive polymers (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, HPMC) resulted in a significant increase in the adhesion of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based implants. The systems are formed in situ from N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP)-based liquid formulations. Importantly, at the same time, good plastic deformability of the implants could be provided and desired drug release patterns could be fine-tuned using several formulation tools. The antimicrobial activity of this new type of in situ forming implants, loaded with doxycycline hyclate, was demonstrated using the agar well diffusion method and multiple Streptococcus strains isolated from the oral microflora of patients suffering from periodontitis.Secondly, a better understanding of the mechanisms of the in situ implant formation was followed using different techniques such as electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), mass change and drug release measurements under different conditions, optical microscopy, size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The in situ forming implants containing PLGA, ATBC, minocycline hydrochloride, HPMC and NMP were prepared and characterized in detail in vitro. Based on these results, deeper insight into the physico-chemical phenomena involved in implant formation and the control of drug release could be gained. For instance, the effects of adding HPMC to the formulations, resulting in improved implant adherence and reduced swelling, could be explained. Importantly, the in situ formed implants effectively hindered the growth of bacteria present in the patients' periodontal pockets.Finally, the impact of the composition of the implants on system performance was investigated using advanced characterization techniques, such as EPR analysis. Interestingly, HPMC addition to shorter chain PLGA slightly decreased drug release, whereas in the case of longer chain PLGA the release rate substantially increased. These tendencies could be explained based on the mass transport kinetics during implant formation and the systems' inner structures. Furthermore, the implants' antimicrobial activity against microorganisms present in the periodontal pockets of patients suffering from periodontitis was evaluated. Interestingly, these systems more effectively hinder the growth of pathogenic bacteria than of physiological microorganisms. Thus, a re-colonization of the patients' pockets with healthy flora can be expected to be favored in vivo.


This paper aims to analyze the impact of married couples' educational level on the allocation of working hours in a household. This study contributes to the literature on women's participation in employment, especially among married women, to see whether the traditional norms about gender roles in marriage still continue to shape the employment participation among married women in Indonesia despite the increase in women's human capital through education. This study utilizes the Indonesian National Socioeconomic Survey (SUSENAS) 2016 and estimates the results using the multinomial logistic model. Our results offer evidence that, compared to low-educated couples, couples with more educated wives have a higher probability that the wife works longer than the husband. However, this result is not as significant as the probability that the wife works longer hours than the husband when both partners are highly educated and when the wife is less educated than the husband. Thus, it seems that it is not the education level of the wife that affects her probability to work longer; it is the education level of her husband that plays a bigger role. Moreover, the notion of traditional family norms also seems to still play a significant role in married women's employment, particularly when a family has children under the age of five or lives in a rural area. Keywords—couple employment, education, women labor


As a typical short life-span species,cephalopods always live for only one year. Researchers from many countries have paid attention to its basic biology for its special characters of life history and important position in marine ecosystem. The stable morphology and anticorrosion characters of the hard structure of beak have attracted many researchers. Like other hard structure,such as statolith,beak plays an irreplaceable role in feeding behavior of cephalopod,and it is also a part of feeding system which includes buccal mass and radula. Like bird,cephalopod beak is composed of two parts: the lower beak and upper beak,and it also has its own features. The beak is divided into hood,crest,rostrum,wing and lateral wall. Cephalopod beak is a kind of polymer of protein and polysaccharide,and chitin accounts for 95% of total weight. Pigmentation occurrs in beaks,from the tip of rostrum to the edge of lateral wall,it gradually dilutes. By chemical analysis,the structure of cross-linking was found in most of adult individuals. This special structure strengthened the beak and made it harder. As a kind of short life-span species,it is difficult for us to understand their life history by traditional method. Statolith has been accepted by researchers at home and abroad as a good material for age determination. Some European experts described beak as a replaceable material for age determination,the similar growth ring as the one in statolith is more accurate except for the juvenile. The linear relationship between mantle length and beak parameters has proved that beak could reflect the growth status of cephalopod. In this paper,we concluded the studies on morphology,biochemistry and age and growth of beak,and analyzed the research trends in recent decades and looked forward to the future. In conclusion, the interests of reseachers shifted from qualitative to quantitative, traditional measurement could not explain the transformation of shape,so geometrics morphometric gave us a more direct way to get the ontogeny changes from pictures processed by software. Meanwhile,we will concentrate more on the biochemical structure of beak. The elemental analysis,organic structural analysis should be taken in the future research,significant attention be paid to the amino acid changes during the growth of beak,and its relation with darkness changes in area or density. Using beak as a material to determine the age of cephalopod should be extented to more species,and its accuracy compared with the results from statolith should beconfirmed. The parameters of beak are a great part to reflect the growth of individual,so relationship between morphological variation and regular variation of growth or age will be a better way to understand the growth rate,combined with trace element analysis and isotope analysis,we could know the related environmental conditions or factors. Beak study is imperative for cephalopod ecology research.


ABSTRACT In this essay, we discuss the Australian Government's refusal to provide international students with adequate support during the COVID-19 pandemic, in spite of the hardships these students are facing in relation to mental health, financial hardship, exploitation and the risk of homelessness. We call on the Australian Government to provide better support, not only for the sake of international students but also for the benefit of the Australian international education sector.


The cascade structure in system theory.- Smooth dynamical systems which realize arithmetical and logical operations.- Pole assignment by output feedback.- Zeros, poles and modules in linear system theory.- Representations of infinite-dimensional systems.- Symmetric modeling in system identification.- Elements of factorization theory from a polynomial point of view.- A state space approach to H ? optimal control.- Decentralized control of large scale systems.- State space approach to the classical interpolation problem and its applications.- Generalized state-space systems and proper stable matrix fractions.- Scattering theory, unitary dilations and Gaussian processes.- On the theory of nonlinear control systems.- Aggregation of linear systems in a completely deterministic framework.- Linear system representations.- Optimal Control.- System theory and mechanics.- The impact of the singular value decomposition in system theory, signal processing, and circuit theory.- Stochastic realization problems.- Robust stabilization of uncertain dynamic systems.- On the control of discrete-event systems.


Unsymmetrical disulfanes are obtained by simple and efficient reaction of disulfanes of phosphorodithioic acid such as (I) with various thiols under mild reaction conditions.


A reducing agent removal line comprises a heat exchanger, an air supply line and a cleaning liquid supply line. The cleaning liquid supply line feeds cleaning liquid into a first passage chamber. The air supply line supplies mixed air of after-drying air containing high-melting point additive and additive containing air containing low-melting point additive into the first passage chamber. Due to contact between the mixed air and a heat-exchanging element, a mixture material containing the high-melting point additive is precipitated from the mixed air. Since melting point MP1 of the high-melting point additive in the mixed air can be controlled to be lower than a temperature of the cleaning liquid by changing a mixture ratio M, the cleaning liquid contacts and dissolves the mixture material in the mixed air.


We read with great interest the recent paper by Torre-Castro and colleagues on three cases of nonneural granular cell tumors (NNGCT) immunoreactive with cyclin D1. We would like to contribute by adding a further case and comparing it with a typical epithelioid histiocytoma. Briefly, a 55-year-old woman presented with a slowly enlarging, asymptomatic, whitish nodule in the first interdigital space of the right foot. A punch biopsy was performed with a clinical suspicion of a cyst. On histopathology, a solid proliferation of epithelioid cells with abundant, eosinophilic, granular cytoplasm was present in the dermis (Figure 1A). The nuclei were small and centrally located; no mitotic figures were present (Figure 1B). Immunohistochemical stainings showed equivocal immunoreactivity for histiocytic markers, namely, CD68 was positive while CD1a and BRAF were negative. In addition, the lesion was strongly immunoreactive for ALK (Figure 1C) and cyclin D1 (Figure 1D), while it was negative for S100 (Figure 1E), MART1 and pankeratin. It has been hypothesized that NNGCT are granular cell dermal root sheath fibromas, being related to the hair follicle, or they are


A suitable thin film transistor array panel is provided for application to the electronic ink display device. TFT array panel includes a substrate, scanning lines, data lines, thin film transistors, pixel electrodes, and the scan signal line. Data lines and scanning lines are arranged on the substrate to define a plurality of pixel areas. Each thin film transistor is driven by the scan lines and data lines are arranged in the corresponding individual pixel areas. In addition, each pixel electrode is electrically connected to the thin film transistor is disposed in each pixel region corresponding to the electrode. Furthermore, the test signal lines are sequentially coupled to the scan lines and / or data lines. By the above-mentioned test circuit architecture as well as the inspection accuracy of the electronic ink display device and a TFT array arrangement can improve the production yield. Electronic ink display device, the TFT array substrate, the scan signal lines, scan lines, data lines, a test circuit


Zhong Shi,who is the hero in Ma Zhiping's long novel A Recall of the Stories about the National College Entrance Examination,is a typical artistic character grown up in adversity.When molding this character,the author lays focus on the depiction of the personality and good virtues and reveals the life philosophy that adversity contributes to form strong character and virtue.However,in his depiction of this character,the author also fails to keep his depiction consistent.


This article evaluates the structure and potential of the furniture industry of the city of Boa Vista (Roraima). The idea was to make suggestions to enhance the competitiveness of the sector, through improvements in materials, labor, technology and design, to add greater value to the final product. Questionnaires were applied to 19 companies affiliated to the Union of Industries of the State of Roraima Carpentry; 15 companies responded to the questionnaires. The literature review focused on the theory of location, growth poles theory and endogenous local development, focusing on the role of innovation and local actors. The raw material comes from the interior of Roraima; 80% of production is for the city of Boa Vista and 20% is for the rest of the state. It was concluded that the industry needs many improvements, both in technology, with more modern machinery, as the point of view of management and logistics. The main difficulties faced by the sector are labor-skilled, working capital and equipment (production is semi-craft). The sector needs support to official bodies, such as technical assistance and credit.


Population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) models of valproic acid (VPA) have been developed to aid individualized drug dosing, but most of these have been based on the treatment of epileptic patients and recent evidence shows that VPA clearance (CLVPA) in manic patients differs from that in epileptic patients. In the light of this, the predictive ability of selected VPA PopPK models based on epileptic patients was assessed to determine whether they could be used with patients with mania.


In an era of high social risks,the risk management system in Chinese rural area faces increasing challenges.Institutional deficiencies,poor social welfare mechanism,serious overlapping in functions of villagers committee and party branch committee,damage to village party committee's prestige,surplus laborers,empty-nest family,land transfer and mass disturbances all contribute to this issue.Therefore,comprehensive rural social risk management system,early warning system,and monitoring-feedback systems should be developed.


Viewing from the new institutional economics,this paper first gives a brief review and remarks about all the views concerning the reason why old industrial base in the Northeast falls behind.Then,on the base of the demonstration about the falling behind of old industrial base in the Northeast and the fact of the state-owned enterprises reform in China,the author modifies North's model and comes to the conclusion that the complex action of factors about" lock-in" of institution is the essential cause of the old industrial base falling behind.What follows next is an extending in common sense about the institution-change model of the state-owned enterprises,then the model of institution change about transitional economy is attempted to construct and finally policy suggestions on the institution innovation for old industrial base in the northeast China are brought up.


A new construction of a full-diversity full-rate space-time block code (FDFR-STBC) is presented in this paper. The design is for 2 transmit antennas and 2 time slots. The code outperforms the previous FDFR-STBC codes in [3], [4], [5], [6] for 1 receive antenna. We reduce the decoding complexity by exploiting the algebraic structure of the code and using the hybrid maximum-likelihood interference cancellation (HMLIC) decoding algorithm and show that it achieves optimum ML performance. Finally, we study the performance of our proposed code over 2 times 2 multi-input multi-output (MIMO) channels and show that it outperforms the Alamouti code for all signal-to-noise ratios (SNR).


We carried out clinical-instrumental analysis of myocardium lesion in 227 young patients. Infectioustoxic mild myocardium was diagnosed in 96 patients. The rest of the patients had myocardium dystrophy. These two groups differed greatly in terms of clinical picture, EСG and EchoСG values.


Author's summary.— American attitude toward languages is a symptom of our attitude toward world problems. Linguistic isolationism and linguistic imperialism must give way to linguistic collaboration if we are to convince other nations of our own desire for peace and equality among nations. The post-war world will open fields of opportunity to people who are linguistically equipped to take advantage of them.


This article attempts to identify the problems of financing small and medium enterprises in the Nizhny Novgorod region on the example of implementation of the programmes of grants for regional Subprogramme "Development of entrepreneurship in the Nizhny Novgorod region for 2014-2016".