A common complaint among the elderly is a difficulty in understanding speech. One central factor that may contribute to this difficulty, is a deterioration in the ability to process the dynamic aspects of speech such as the formant transitions. Formant transitions, which are characterized by a change in frequency over time, enable us to discriminate one consonant sound from another. A number of investigators have suggested that processing speed deteriorates with age. For the aging auditory system, this deterioration may be manifest as a deficit in processing time-varying sounds that contain rapidly changing sounds, such as the formant transitions. Thus, if temporal processing deteriorates with age, then our ability to recognize speech could be seriously affected. Unfortunately, the nature of temporal processing in the aged auditory system, has not been explored very extensively, particularly in relation to speech comprehension. Thus, the primary goal of this study was to explore one aspect of the neural mechanisms underlying the effects of aging on temporal processing. A stimulus which lends itself well to studying this type of processing is the frequency modulated (FM) sweep which in many respects, FM sweeps resemble formant transitions found in a variety of communication signals. METHODS. Experiments were conducted on 12 young (34 months) and 3 old (24-30 months) male Long Evans hooded rats. Rats were anaesthetized and maintained at a surgical level of anaesthesia throughout the experiment with Equithesin (3 mg/kg i.p.). Animals were placed in a modified head holder and a craniotomy performed. Earphones connected to speculae were placed within 3 mm of the tympanic membranes. All extracellular single unit recordings were conducted in a sound attenuating chamber. Rats were initially stimulated monaurally through the contralateral ear with tone bursts (100 ms duration with a 10 ms rise/decay time, 700 msec interstimulus interval) to determine characteristic frequency (CF) and threshold, followed by linear FM sweeps ranging from 150 Hz to 45.0 kHz (upward-directed) and 45.0 kHz to 150 Hz (downwarddirected) at speeds of 0.8,0.3, and 0.05 kHz/msec. All stimuli were generated and data collected by a Macintosh computer using the MALab system. RESULTS. A total of 60 units were studied of which 40 were recorded from young rats and 20 from old rats. The average CF was 14.2 kHz for cells recorded from young rats and 11.0 kHz for those tested in old rats. The results show that the majority of units in both age groups (Y: 37/40, O: 17/20) were selective for the direction and/or speed of FM sweep. There were 3 units in each age group that did not appear to be sensitive to FM sweeps and thus, were excluded from further analysis. Preferred Speed. All of the FM-sensitive units examined were sensitive to speed of frequency modulation. Perhaps the most striking result observed was a significant difference in the distribution of preferred speed between young and old animals. In the young animals, the largest number of cells (43%; n=16) responded most vigorously to the fast speed while the preferred speed of the remaining units was more evenly distributed between the medium (27%; n=10) and slow speed (30%; n = ll). In contrast, the majority of units (59%; n=10) recorded from the old animals responded best to the slow speed while relatively few units preferred the fast speed (12%; n=2). Direction Selectivity. Using a criterion where the cell \ responded at least twice as vigorously in one direction as in the opposite direction, almost half (49%) of the units recorded from young rats showed no preference for the direction of FM sweep. Of the cells that exhibited direction selectivity, all of them preferred upward-directed sweeps. For the old rats, the majority of units (71%) were directionselective with 58% of these units preferring upward-directed sweeps. DISCUSSION. The results of the present study provide one of the first demonstrations of a difference between young and old animals in cortical temporal processing speed of dynamic stimuli. The difference in FM speed preferences observed between the neurons recorded from young and old rats may reflect a deterioration of temporal processing speed in the aging auditory cortex.


The subband structure in thin silicon films under stress is rigorously analyzed. Calculations of the effective masses in the subbands show a dependence on shear strain and film thickness simultaneously. Both, the effective masses and the subband splitting determine the transport properties in silicon films. A decrease of the transport effective mass controlled by the shear strain component leads to a mobility enhancement even in ultra-thin silicon films. This increase of mobility and thus drive current combined with the improved channel control makes multi-gate MOSFETs based on thin films preeminent candidates for the 22nm technology node and beyond.


Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk assessment is an outstanding area of investigation. In a previous large prospective study, involving more than 800 ambulatory cancer patients from two European academic institutions, we pioneered an extensive screening with a upperand lower limbs ultrasound to all patientsto have the most precise incidence of VTE in cancer outpatients (ONKOTEV trial - data under submission). We investigated several risk factors potentiallyassociated to a increased riskof thrombosis and tested the efficacyof Khorana score in preventing VTE events. We finally constructed afour-cathegory risk model score, improving the predictability of VTE in cancer outpatients. The four variables included in the ONKOTEV score are the following: the presence of metastases, a positive historyof previous VTE, the macroscopic compression of vessels or lymphnodes by tumor mass and a Khorana score point of 2 or more. The validation of this new risk assessment model is the goal of the further prospective trial, ONKOTEV 2. Trial design: ONKOTEV 2 trial is an observational, multicentric, no-profit study, endorsed by EORTC Young Investigator Program, and aims tovalidate the ONKOTEV score as novel easy-to-use tool for the prediction of VTE in ambulatory cancer patients starting a newantitumoral treatment (chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, radiation therapyor surgery). The study will be based on clinical, laboratoryand imaging data collection, which will allow to calculate the ONKOTEV score in each patient at baseline. The patient will be clinically monitored for 8 months, in order to detect any thromboembolic event during the trial. The duration of the study will be


Oligosaccharide is a bioactive substance in the life movement, the relations between its structure and the function are becoming to be an interested research topic. In this article the physiological function, the action mechanism and the separation preparation method discovered in recent years were elaborated. The prospect of oligosaccharide' exploitation and application was present.


Tniv importance iof the subject that forms the title of this volume, technical though it is, will not be under-estimated by the medical profession. We have no doubt that the book will be warmly received and eagerly read. It is full of experimental and clinical interest and will appeal to the chemist and doctor alike. The research work was carried out in a most thorough and efficient manner by 'the Laboratory Staff of the Medical Department of the University of Michigan and the book is a last-


This paper discusses the legal aspects, the challenges and difficulties that the traditional theories face when dealing with attribution on the cyber world. First, it will explain how the cyberspace is seen on the international law context. Following, it will be made a close examination of the standard of proof and the attribution tests, and how they work on regular situations. Then, it will be made a critical approach on the inefficiency of this rules when applied on State conducts on the cyberspace. Finally, the due diligence principle and the mitigation of the standard of proof will be analyzed as proper solutions to this dilemma, along with the need for proper codification and adaptation of the control tests to the particularities of the cyberspace.


176 This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (NRF-2012R1A1A2042414). This study was supported by Samsung Medical Center Grant [GFO1130081] and this study was supported by a grant of the Korea Healthcare Technology R&D Project, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea (HI10C2020). Received 18 August 2014, Revised 17 September 2014, Accepted 18 September 2014 Correspondence: Dongryul Oh (email@example.com) Tel: 82-2-3410-2613, Fax: 82-2-3410-2619 cc This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Comparison of Dose Distribution in Spine Radiosurgery Plans: Simultaneously Integrated Boost and RTOG 0631 Protocol


Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life‐limiting disease caused by a defect in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor is a novel CFTR modulator approved for patients that are homozygous for Phe508del CFTR, but its clinical effectiveness varies amongst patients, making it difficult to determine clinical responders. Therefore, identifying biochemical biomarkers associated with drug response are clinically important for follow‐up studies.


Introduction. This article presents data on the manifestations of changes in the microenvironment of the peritoneal cavity in patients with carcinomatosis, expressed by the mineralization of the peritoneum, which in turn leads to functional changes in drainage of the peritoneal cavity. Materials and methods . We examined autopsy tissue of the peritoneum with symptoms of carcinomatosis and intact peritoneum using comparative scanning electron microscopy. Results and discussion . The study of the ultrastructure of peritoneum in patients with PC, revealed the phenomenon of SLL mineralization. The resulting elemental composition profile showed a high content of Ca, P, Na. Conclusions . 1. Carcinomatosis is not a local, but rather a systemic process. Determining the role of mineralization in carcinomatosis is of fundamental importance in carcinogenesis. 2. The serous membranes mineralization in patients with carcinomatosis can become a new treatment target, the impact on which may increase life expectancy and improve the quality of life. 3. The serous membranes demineralization can serve as a part of a combination treatment that includes the subsequent endolymphatic anti-tumour drug therapy.


The increasing negative effects of hydro carbon fossil fuels on the environment has called for quest for alternative source of energy. Among the renewable energy sources, biogas has been evaluated as one of the most effective, efficient and environmentally benign sources of energy. This study evaluates the flammability of biogas produced from cow dung compared with firewood. The experiment was conducted batch wise in mixing ratio 1:1 at mesophilic temperature under 25 days retention time. Weighing balance was used to measure the cow dung and firewood. Biogas production and firewood flammability were measured using combustibility test in seconds using stopwatch. The total gas yield was burnt and recorded 5,088 seconds (1hour 24.8mins), on average 1kg of cow dung produces biogas that burns for 636 seconds (10.6mins), the gas burnt with clear blue flame revealing the effectiveness of water scrubbing method, while the 8kg of firewood was burnt 8,208 seconds (2hours 28mins). On average 1kg of wood fuel burns for 1,026 seconds (17.1 mins). Comparing the result in term of flammability and efficiency, Biogas could be used as waste management option, generate light and run vehicles and at the same time replace the use of firewood which produces toxic gases that are harmful to health, thus biogas is more efficient.


This study which is part of a research project aimed at the characterization of the Apulian wine growing and production, is addressed to investigate phenolic compounds in grape's peel of two autochthon black grapes, "Bombino Nero " and "UVA di Troia " collected in different plots of land of the area "Castel del Monte " (appellation controllee). Grapes were harvested in five vineyards of "Bombino Nero " and eight of "Uva di Troia ". Grapes' peel extract was diluited and filtered and analysed by HPLC-DAD. In order to find the variation trend among phenolic compounds and identify possible grouping of samples by variety, area of production and growing system, Principal Component Analysis was applied. The first principal component (41% of explained variance) distinguished between the two grape varieties for their content of acylates anthocians and idroxi-cynamil-tartaric acids. Particularly, in "Bombino Nero" the idroxi-cynamyl-tartaric acids content was twice as higher than "Uva di Troia ". Anthocyanin profile of the two varieties was quite similar, nevertheless anthocyanin content in acylatedform was higher in "Uva di Troia ". No evident grouping for area of production was observed on the base of their phenolic compounds.


Nausea and vomiting are among the most common complications after surgery. Postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV) may cause wound dehiscence, pulmonary aspiration, dehydration, and electrolyte disturbances. Despite the new classes of antiemetics and research published, PONV remains high incidence still. This article covers the different pharmacologic strategies taken introduced with multimodal approach by using antiemetic drugs for prevention and treatment of PONV.


Abstract A randomized controlled study was conducted to determine whether addition of a Follow-up Clerk to the emergency-room staff would improve compliance among emergency-room patients requiring ...


Objective
To investigate the level of aspiration knowledge and the influencing factors of ICU nurses in Foshan area, so as to provide basis for completing the clinical training schemes for ICU nurses.

Method
A self-designed aspiration risk assessment questionnaire was applied to investigate the ICU nurses from 6 hospitals in Foshan area.

Results
The total score of aspiration knowledge of ICU nurses was (25.98±6.82). Multivariate regression analysis showed that aspiration knowledge score of ICU nurses were affected by their working age, professional title, and the fact whether they had received ICU specialized theoretical training (P<0.05). 72.17% of the nurses had never received aspiration knowledge training, and aspiration knowledge training was greatly demanded by them.

Conclusions
ICU nurses' level of aspiration knowledge was low and there was lack of ways by which ICU nurses could systematically acquire aspiration-related knowledge. ICU nurses' level of aspiration knowledge can be improved by establishing norms and guidelines for preventing aspiration and carrying out systematic training.

Key words:
Intensive Care Unit; Nurse; Aspiration; Investigation and analysis


Abstract Single crystals of bismuth thiourea chloride (BTC) with molecular formula Bi[CS(NH2)2]Cl3 were grown in gels at ambient temperature, and were characterized by chemical analysis, EDX, IR and XRD. BTC crystallizes in the hexagonal system with a=b=13. 5335A, c=7. 1093A, γ=120°, space group P3. The d. c. electrical conductivity and dielectric characteristics were measured as a function of temperature in the range 300–500K. DTA and TGA were also performed. The results of electrical measurements, DTA, and TGA suggest the existence of a phase change at 152°C. BTC is stable up to 188°C.


FIELD: medicine, pharmacy. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to drugs and concerns sustained-release oral compositions. Agent comprises micelle-forming water-soluble main drug showing a positive charge at physiological pH value, polymer showing an opposite charge chosen from group consisting of polyacrylic acid, carboxymethylcellulose, xanthane gum, hellane gum, guara gum, dextran-sulfate and carragheenan, polyethylene oxide and if necessary a hydrophilic base. Also, invention proposes a method for sustained-release of micelle-forming drug. EFFECT: improved and valuable medicinal and pharmaceutical properties of agent. 20 cl, 4 tbl, 24 dwg, 13 ex


The definitions and the conditions of cavitation erosion and flash vaporization have been discussed in detail; the paper also shows examples of different definitions in different books, which cause the complexity of calculating discharge factor and the damage to control valve; suggests relevant measures to avoid the damage in real working condition.


Page Introduction 1 Distribution surveys 2 Austria 3 Germany. _ 3 Poland 4 Rumania 4 Czechoslovakia 5 Yugoslavia 5 Greece.-_ -6 The central European plains 7 Climate of the central European plains.. 7 Agriculture in Hungary 8 The distribution and cultivation of corn, 10 Varieties of corn and methods of planting. 12 Page The corn borer as a native of the central European plains 14 Original host plants 14 Seasonal history _ 15 Number of generations [wr year 17 Extent and economic results of infestation.-_ 18 Natural enemies -__, 32 Parasites _._ 32 Disease 35 Other natural enemies 35 Control 36 Agricultural practice 37 Environmental factors in control 43 Conclusions _ 53 Literature cited 64


Hold on to your hats, because healthcare's about to tip. The driving force? Consumerism, and it's transforming the way Americans think about, pay for, and manage their healthcare.


Research by which purpose is executed was to define{determine} influence of the drospirenon which is a part of a preparation the Angeliq, on a metabolism of carbohydrates and a condition of a hemostasis at patients with a diabetes 2 types in a postmenopause. 50 patients with the climacteric syndrome, being in the natural menopause, duration more than 2th years, 2 types suffering by a diabetes are investigated{researched}. To 30 women who are not having contra-indications the Angeliq is appointed{nominated} a preparation. Parameters of a carbohydrate exchange on a level of glucose on an empty stomach, With-пептида, insulin, an index of an insulin-resistance were estimated{appreciated}. Parameters of a hemostasis on a level thrombocyte, clotting factor, D-Dimerу initially, through 3 and 6 months of treatment. During treatment by a preparation the Angeliq we have noted authentic decrease{reduction} in a level of glucose and an insulinresistance by 6 month of reception Absence of influence on a condition system of a hemostasis. Obtained data allow to recommend a preparation the Angeliq for replaceable hormonal therapy at patients in a postmenopause, suffering diabetes 2 types as effective, safe and possessing a number{line} of additional positive properties.


The Korean Wave, popularly known as Hallyu (한류) is the rapid spread of Korean popular culture in the form of Korean drama, dance, music, as well as fan clubs for Korean stars, among others. This term is the "Korean wave" written in Chinese characters, said to have been derived from the title of an album compilation of Korean popular songs that became a sudden hit in China during the 1990s. Some of the people in the Philippines claim that Hallyu is just a fad – a craze, an intense and widely shared enthusiasm for something, most of the time that is short-lived [3] just like its predecessors in the Philippines such as Mexicanovelas, Chinovelas [4] or Jpop (Japanese pop) but as time pass by, Hallyu following increases with no hints of its decline for the next few years. This paper tries to solve and explain the cultural phenomenon that is revolutionizing the world today which became a mystery to the eyes of most Filipinos. It expounds the deeper root of Hallyu's staying power in the Philippines as well as the challenges it possess through the concepts of cultural imperialism as explained by Joseph S. Nye's soft power [4] and Filipino's sense of cultural identity [5].


In order to scientifi cally appraise some of the folkloric uses of Bougainvillea glabra Choisy, the present study wasundertaken to examine the anti-diarrhoeal, antiulcer and antimicrobial activities of acetone, ethanolic and aqueousextract of leaves. Anti-diarrhoeal activity was tested in Castor oil induced diarrhea model using rats and Loperamide(3 mg/kg) was used as reference standard. The antiulcer activity was determined using alcohol induced ulcer modeland Omeprazole 10 mg/ kg was used as the standard. Both the studies were carried out at two dose level, 200 mg/kgand 400 mg/kg respectively. Antimicrobial activity was done by disc diffusion method at a concentration of 500 μg/discof the extract, using ofl oxacin (5 μg/disc) as the standard. The organisms used were Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis,Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus vulgaris and the zone of inhibition was determined. Theplant extracts showed signifi cant anti-diarrhoeal, antiulcer and antimicrobial activities in the present study. The resultsobtained support the claim of local medical practitioners.


may/june 2013 advanced ocular care 1 T he Retinal Health Assessment (RHA, Annidis Health Systems Corp.) is a multispectral imaging (MSI) device that is useful for the early detection of optic nerve and retinal disease. It features advanced imaging modalities that allow users to differentiate and follow a wide variety of complex eye conditions and diseases. This instrument differs from other retinal imaging in that it employs an extensive range of discreet monochromatic light sources to create a series of en face fundus spectral sections throughout the thickness of the retina and choroid.1 The images are captured in a few seconds and reveal detailed views of a variety of retinal and choroidal structures, allowing for very early diagnosis and easier differentiation of occult or overlapping pathology. Images can be captured in the screening mode through anatomically small or undilated pupils or in the full diagnostic mode through small or dilated pupils. Image quality is maintained through small pupils using a low-light xenon flash that is applied to the retina during image acquisition. The screening mode is designed to survey the deep retina for early pathological change during routine examinations or as part of a pretesting workup (Figure 1). The diagnostic mode provides clinicians the ability to differentiate and follow pathology. The diagnostic modality provides additional images captured through a broader spectral range (Figure 2). One of the instrument's biggest advantages is that it can provide a high-resolution, en face view of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the deep retinal structures not commonly seen with conventional noninvasive imaging techniques or ophthalmoscopy. The RPE has a high metabolic rate and is considered to be one of the multispectral Imaging: a revolution in retinal diagnosis and Health assessment


Theoretically, if the cardiac output were increased in the presence of a given intrapulmonary shunt, the arterial haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SaO 2 ) should improve as the venous oxygen extraction per ml of blood decreases. To test this hypothesis, eight pigs were subjected to one-lung ventilation and adrenaline and isoprenaline infusions used to increase the cardiac output. The mixed venous oxygen, shunt fraction and oxygen consumption were measured. With both adrenaline and isoprenaline, although there was a small rise in mixed venous oxygen content, there was a fall in SaO 2 . With adrenaline, the mean shunt rose from 48% to 65%, the mean oxygen consumption rose from 126 ml/min to 134 ml/min and the mean SaO 2 fell from 86.9% to 82.5%. With isoprenaline, the mean shunt rose from 45% to 59%, the mean oxygen consumption rose from 121 ml/min to 137 ml/min and the mean SaO 2 fell from 89.5% to 84.7%. It is concluded that potential improvement in SaO 2 , which might occur from a catecholamine-induced increase in mixed venous oxygen content during one-lung ventilation, is more than offset by increased shunting and oxygen consumption which reduce SaO 2 .


Although he asserts that knowing its sources and influences is unnecessary for understanding the novel, James Hinkle, in "Some Unexpected Sources for The Sun Also Rises," intimates that Bill Gorton's allusion to William Cullen Bryant's "A Forest Hymn," embedded within his discourse on William Jennings Bryan's fundamentalism, has significance beyond Bill's playful association of similar-sounding names. Had Hinkle, in fact, further probed his own trenchant questions—"But Bryant? What of Bryant in Bryan?"—he might have discovered how Bill's conjoined references to William Cullen Bryant and William Jennings Bryan—American icons long venerated for their personal piety—provide an ironic counterpoint to one of The Sun Also Rises's central issues—Jake Barnes's ongoing quest for spiritual values in a broken world.


A brief review of some topics in hadron production from heavy ion collisions is given. They include charged pion ratio as a probe of nuclear symmetry energy, in-medium effects on pion production, en- hanced Λc/D0 ratio, Λ local polarization, and X(3872) production.


his is a prospective pre-post study which was carried out to assess the impact of a community pharmacist-based diabetes management program on clinical outcomes measures. Forty seven outpatients from the Government polyclinic were initially enrolled for this study but only 30 stayed on till the end of the program which was for duration of 3 months. Subjects were followed-up on 4 visits, whereby the community pharmacist provided a structured, standardized diabetes education program which involved counseling and education. Each session lasted about 1 hour on a one to one basis. Lifestyle behaviours such as physical activities, smoking and alcohol consumption were also evaluated. Compliance, awareness and also their knowledge on diabetes were assessed. A Likert-type patient satisfaction survey was also conducted. At the end of the study, HbA1c was significantly reduced by 1.2% (p< 0.001), post-prandial 2 hours blood glucose reduced by 3.34mmol/l (p< 0.001), total cholesterol decreased by 0.37mmol/l (p<0.016), systolic blood pressure decreased by 9.1mmHg (p< 0.001), diastolic blood pressure decreased by 4.8mmHg (p<0.001). Weight, BMI and waist circumference did not change significantly. There was a significant improvement in the compliance score and the patients were satisfied with the outcome of the program which showed better control of their diabetes. In conclusion, the community pharmacist has made an impact on the clinical outcome measures of the diabetic patient who participated in the program.


23 April 2020 – The number of confirmed COVID-19 cases continues to rise in Somalia, including associated deaths attributed to coronavirus disease. While the number of cases increase, there is increasing demand on the health system for patient care. When health systems are strained and overwhelmed, especially in fragile and vulnerable settings like in Somalia where adequate mechanical ventilators and other critical care support for patient care are basic, rudimentary or absent, mortality from the outbreak may increase substantially over time. Since the beginning of the outbreak, 7 associated deaths out of 135 cases were reported by the Government in Somalia as of 19 April 2020.


DEBTORS' INFORMATIONAL BRIEF I. Preliminary Statement The Boy Scouts of America ("BSA") is a non-profit corporation founded in 1910 and chartered by an act of Congress signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson on June 15, 1916. The BSA holds a federal charter alongside other organizations distinguished for their service to the national community, including the American Red Cross, the Boys & Girls Clubs of America, and Little League Baseball. The BSA's mission is to prepare young people for life by instilling in them the values of the Scout Oath and Law and encouraging them to be trustworthy, kind, friendly and helpful. The BSA also trains young men and women in responsible citizenship, character development, and self-reliance through participation in a wide range of outdoor activities, educational programs, and, at older ages, career-oriented programs in partnership with community organizations. At the time of the BSA's chartering, Congress recognized the "importance and magnitude" of the BSA's work and observed that the BSA "tends to conserve the moral, intellectual, and physical life of the coming generation."


Brain tumor is considered as one of the deadliest and most common form of cancer both in children and in adults. Consequently, determining the correct type of brain tumor in early stages is of significant importance to devise a precise treatment plan and predict patient's response to the adopted treatment. In this regard, there has been a recent surge of interest in designing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for the problem of brain tumor type classification. However, CNNs typically require large amount of training data and can not properly handle input transformations. Capsule networks (referred to as CapsNets) are brand new machine learning architectures proposed very recently to overcome these shortcomings of CNNs, and posed to revolutionize deep learning solutions. Of particular interest to this work is that Capsule networks are robust to rotation and affine transformation, and require far less training data, which is the case for processing medical image datasets including brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images. In this paper, we focus to achieve the following four objectives: (i) Adopt and incorporate CapsNets for the problem of brain tumor classification to design an improved architecture which maximizes the accuracy of the classification problem at hand; (ii) Investigate the over-fitting problem of CapsNets based on a real set of MRI images; (iii) Explore whether or not CapsNets are capable of providing better fit for the whole brain images or just the segmented tumor, and; (iv) Develop a visualization paradigm for the output of the CapsNet to better explain the learned features. Our results show that the proposed approach can successfully overcome CNNs for the brain tumor classification problem.


It discloses a method for cutting a laminated reinforced glass substrate. Providing a glass core layer comprising a first and second surface portions, a laminated reinforced glass substrate having a glass cladding layer of at least one layer fuse with the first surface portion or second surface portion of the glass core layer It discloses a method comprising. Glass core layer has a smaller core thermal expansion coefficient than the cladding thermal expansion coefficient. The method further includes the step of heating the first and second regions on the glass cladding layer forming a corner chipping the edges of the laminated tempered glass substrate, and at least one layer of laminated reinforced glass substrate. The first region is offset from the first side of the desired dividing line, the second region is offset from the second side of the desired separation line. The method further includes the step of propagating the crack starting at edge defects between the first region and the second region.


the broth of Bacillus laterosporus of a designed to find microorganism-produced inhibitors of aminopeptidase of chromatography Sepabeads IRC-50, G- Leuhistin AP-Mstrongly AP-Aand It is competitive with the substrate, and the inhibition (Ki) x


I N A previous paper (MCMURRAY, 1964) the incorporation of cytidinediphosphate [ 1 ,2-14C]choline (CDPCh-14C) and of cytidinediphosphate [ 1 ,2-14C]ethanolamine (CDPEt-14C) into phosphatides of developing rat brain wasinvestigated. Considerable labelling of the lipids stable to mild alkali was observed with both precursors, particularly during myelination. Preliminary data based on the effects of treatment with mild acid suggested that the major alkali-stable lipid labelled from CDPCh-I% in young rat brain was a choline-containing plasmalogen, while the predominant alkali-stable component labelled from CDPEt-14C had the characteristics of the 'kephalin B' phosphatide first described by BFUNTE (1949). To elucidate further the nature of the metabolically-active, alkali-stable, phosphatides in myelinating rat brain, the labelled lipids were purified by chromatography on alumina and silicic acid columns, and the properties of the isolated lipids were examined. The effects of lipid acceptor compounds (plasmalogenic diglyceride, ceramides and glycerol diethers) were also studied. A preliminary account of part of this investigation has appeared (MCMURRAY, 1963).


The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of temperature (5–25°C) on epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) populations during 60 days of fermentation of whole‐plant corn silage.


Human motion capture is a promising technique for the generation of humanoid robot motions. To convert human motion into humanoid robot motion, we need to relate the humanoid robot kinematics to the kinematics of a human performer. In this paper we propose an automatic approach for scaling of humanoid robot kinematic parameters to the kinematic parameters of a human performer. The kinematic model is constructed directly from the motion capture data without any manual measurements. We discuss the use of the resulting kinematic model for the generation of humanoid robot motions based on the observed human motions. The results of the proposed technique on real human motion capture data are presented.


The effect of service‐load‐induced internal damage in advanced filamentary composite materials has for some time been a topic of extensive research. It is well known that the stiffness of the material system is degraded as load is applied and damage accumulates. A computational simulation of the processes by which the internal damage propagates was developed for studying the effect of the complex interactions among identified internal damage mechanisms. The approach considers the random distribution of initial matrix flaws (microcracks and micropores) and weak fiber‐matrix interfacial bonding, the random strength properties of the fibers, and load transfer in the vicinity of broken fibers through matrix shear, and it employs an iterative, time‐stepping technique to simulate damage propagation under increasing load and over periods of sustained constant load. The developed model is employed to simulate the response of strands of Kevlar 49/epoxy to specified loading conditions. The statistical nature of the...


The invention concerns the separation of lanthanides and actinides by combined nanofiltration-complexing. The invention aims at providing an inexpensive, efficient and simple technique for separating lanthanides and actinides. The inventive method is characterised in that it consists in using amino polyacid ligands such as EDTA and DPTA for complexing the lanthanides and/or actinides, before separating them by nanofiltration. The invention also concerns novel amino polyacid ligands, except EDTA and DPTA. The invention is useful for producing rare earths or treating nuclear waste, in particular derived from recycling treatment processes of spent nuclear fuels.


[1] Intense substorm disturbances, which typically have an unusually broad auroral enhancement, occur in association with magnetic storms. We have investigated the cause of these intense and broad disturbances using interplanetary observations, global auroral images from the WIC imager on the IMAGE spacecraft, geosynchronous energetic particle observations, and mid/low-latitude dayside ground H observations for 28 large stormtime auroral disturbances. We find evidence that the magnetosphere was impacted by a substantial Pdyn increase at the onset of 19 of these disturbances. For disturbances with evidence of such an impact, we found that auroral brightenings extended over about twice as broad an MLT range as did the auroral brightening of disturbances that did not have evidence for a Pdyn increase at onset. We thus conclude that Pdyn increases at onset offer a feasible explanation for many of the larger-scale aurora disturbances that often occur during magnetic storms. Our results indicate that it is the combination of the global compression response to a Pdyn increase and the nightside substorm response that gives a much broader response for many stormtime disturbances than is seen from the substorm alone. We also found some indications that a substantially shorter than typical growth phase may be sufficient for there to be a triggered substorm onset if the preceding IMF ∣By∣ or negative Bz, and/or a pressure increase at onset, is unusually large.


52 totally or partially embedded teeth were studied in ground sections by soft microradiography to assess the quality of the enamel and the dentine. In 79 % the dentine was more or less globularly mineralized. In 50 % the dentine-enamel junction (D.E.J.) was more scalloped than normally and in three cases the border-forming globules were vacuolated. All kinds of hypoplasia were found, gross, minor, and tube. The enamel-cementum junction was irregular in 63 %, hypoplastic in 60 %, hypomineralized in 42 %, and provided with loose enamel globules in 27 %. Cementum or bonelike tissue covered the enamel lingually in two front teeth and occlusally in a third lower molar. The fissures could be extremely narrow and penetrate the enamel till near the dentine border. The distance between the fundus of the fissure and the D.E.J, was measured to 0.15-0.5 mm, is one case only 0.06 mm. In their basal parts the fissures could be invaginated or ampullar. T-hypoplasia could be found in the walls or the fundus of the fissu...


Photoluminescence spectrum is a powerful tool to investigate the excitonic and defect-related information in condensed phase materials. Through temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectra, heavy- and light-hole free excitons, and the exciton bound to a neutral donor and the accompanied LO-phonon replicas of the zinc blende ZnSe are observed and verified in ZnSe-based longitudinal twinning nanowires. In the deep-level emission region, two peaks at 1.979 and 2.315 eV are attributed to the donor–acceptor–pair recombination and the acceptor impurity of Au, respectively.


The present investigation dealt with the effect of the two granular systemic nematicides aldicarb and carbofuran, individually and in combination with 100 mg · 1-1 GA3, on plant growth and root knot formation in C. frutescens var. California Wonder. Both nematicides and GA3 were applied as a seed-dip treatment. GA3 increased seed germination and seedling growth. All concentrations (2 to 20 g a.i. · 1-1) of aldicarb and carbofuran, when applied independently, reduced seed germination and length of epicotyl and hypocotyl. However, application of these nematicides in combination with 100 mg · 1-1 GA3 showed antagonistic behaviour.

All the treated seedlings were inoculated with 1000 nematode larvae of Meloidogyne incognita. Vegetative parameters of the plant were studied 15 days after transplantation. A combination of GA3 (100 mg · 1-1) with different concentrations of nematicides showed a synergistic effect on treated plants. Root knot index in plants treated with nematicides was found to be reduced with increasing concentrations of both nematicides. Maximum reduction in root knot index was observed at highest dose (20 g a.i. · 1-1) of both nematicides, when applied in combination with 100 mg · 1-1 GA3. Proteolytic activities were decreased in plants treated with both aldicarb and carbofuran. Supplementation of the nematicides with GA3 resulted in an increase in enzyme activities of the treated plants. Toxic residues increased with increasing concentration of both nematicides, whereas it was reduced at highest concentration of both nematicides when applied in combination with GA3.


The aim of this research is to know the potency Wates subdistric area for developing beef cattle by integrated farming system. Sixty eight respondents were taken in a random sampling from eight villages (Karangwuni, Sogan, Kulwaru, Ngestiharjo, Bendungan, Triharjo, Giripeni and Wates). The data were tabulated and analyzed descriptively. This research showed that the average area that are owned for wetland and dryland, 934,57 m2 and 703,71 m2 respectively. The average of beef cattle owned was 1,54 UT with the aim of raising cattle was 89% as main effort. The type of plant which is planted are paddy, corn, peanut, soybean, and cassava, with total straw production are 114.564,92 Kw/year. All of respondents use the straw for feeding their beef cattle, but the productivity of beef cattle was unoptimal, with calving interval 16,69 months, S/C 1,81 and average of body weight 365,34 kg. Based on this research, with the number of cattle 5396 UT and faeces production 17,5 kg/day, produced the faeces 94,43 ton/day, 2% of faeces was sold and 98% was used for fertilizer. It could be concluded that Wates subdistrict has potency for beef cattle development by integrated farming. Key words : Integrated farming, Areal potention, Beef cattle, Wates subdistrict


A method to obtain the exact control-to-output and input-to-output transfer functions for switched DC-to-DC pulse-width modulated power converters is applied to different combinations of operating conditions such as continuous conduction mode (CCM), discontinuous conduction mode (DCM), and discontinuous voltage mode (DVM) and methods of control such as normal voltage mode (NVM), current programming mode (CPM), and V control. The majority of these combinations have not previously had their transfer functions of interest derived to the accuracy provided by the method. The derivation of the method is covered, and the results from its application are verified by simulation. The simulation method is also justified and proposed as an improvement to the methods used by simulation engines for switched mode power supply design such as SIMPLIS.


Now-a-days more children who come into the hospitals receive intravenous fluids than in the past. A standard formula is uniformly followed around the world by Paeditricians to calculate the maintenance fluid requirements (i.e, 100ml/kg for the first 10kg of body weight, 50ml/kg for the next 10kg and 20ml/kg for body weight exceeding 20kg).1,2 This prescription of PMF is based on studies conducted in healthy children more than 50 years back by Holliday et al.3The primary basis for this recommendation is that the body needs 1ml of water/1 Cal spent. The Na and K requirement of 3 and 2 meq/100 Cals/day respectively reflects the electrolyte composition of breast and cow milk.3,4 This formula resulted in almost the universal practice of using PDS as the paediatric standard maintenance fluid. Since its publication in 1957, the prescription has remained unchanged, although the safety of administering this hypotonic PMF has never been evaluated prospectively.4 It is very important to remember that these recommendations are appropriate for a healthy child whose kidneys can handle significant variations in volume and composition of the fluid ingested.

There is a higher incidence of hospital acquired hyponatremia in children treated with traditional PMS often with devastating consequences.4-11 Hyponatremia-definition-Plasma Na is less than 135meq/l.5,8 International literature cites more than 50 cases of serious injury and 27 deaths of children resulting from hospital acquired hyponatremia as a result of receiving hypotonic PMF and another 4 deaths in the UK since 2000.5,8-11 Although many researchers attribute this to the type of fluid used, after reviewing these studies, it was apparent that the volume of fluid infused was also an important contributing factor.

This report briefly discusses the altered water and electrolyte physiology in acute illnesses, the rationale for using a fluid with higher tonicity than PDS and WHAT should roughly be the right amount of maintenance fluid in a sick child.

Normal kidneys play a great role in maintaining extracellular fluid volume and tonicity by varying the amount of water and solutes they reabsorb and excrete. Most healthy children do not drink the water that is recommended each day, so their kidneys usually concentrate, or if they drink more, dilute the urine.12,13 This is not the case for many children who come into the hospital with infections or for surgery. Antidiuresis during fever and sepsis has been known for over a century, especially in pneumonia and meningitis.14

Generally, two factors are required for Hyponatremia to develop. They are; excess electrolyte free water (EFW) and non-volumic, non-osmotic release of Anti diuretic hormone (ADH) to prevent the excretion of that water.5,8 This non-osmotic release of ADH (SIADH) is stimulated by many abnormal physiological states commonly encountered during acute illnesses such as pain, anxiety, nausea, fever, illnesses affecting the lungs and brain and peri-operative states.4,14-16 It is to be noted that this Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion(SIADH) thus occurs in most sick children and often aggravated by SIAD(syndrome of inappropriate dextrose infusion).17 This phenomena of SIADH has clear evolutionary and physiological advantages in sickeness.17 The nature failed to anticipate an intravenous route of forceful fluid administration. In such situations of increased ADH release, hyponatremia does not develop because as PNa falls, thirst is suppressed and there is no longer any large intake of water. In contrast, in the hospital the physician rather than the patient determines the water intake.

Over 50% of children with PNa<125 meq/l develop hyponatremic encephalopathy of varying severity.8 Thus children are more prone to acute encephalopathy because of the higher brain size compared to the skull size.18 Children with CNS infections are prone to and deteriorate rapidly when they become hyponatremic, and there are suggestions to redefine the acceptable PNa values in such children to avoid even a mild fall in plasma Na.18,19

Acutely ill children who are not taking enteral feeds are at risk of hypoglycemia and should always have glucose in the maintenance fluid and the concentration recommended varies between 2.5 to 10%.9,14

People who still advocate the use of conventional fluid (PDS), widely quote two studies to augment their argument that there are other reasons for the hyponatremia. One of them is the Desalination theory.20 Here Steele et al. argues that even patients given isotonic saline infusion developed Hyponatremia due to natriuresis. Some degree of natriuresis develops in SIADH with the associated suppression of Aldosterone.14 However, it is likely that their patient developed Hyponatremia not because of the type of fluid used but the amount of fluid infused (5l/day for an adult post-operative patient) resulting in acute expansion of extra cellular fluid volume and natriuresis. Another mechanism considered for the development of Hyponatremia is sick cell syndrome.16 However, these mechanisms may not be relevant in most clinical situations.

An important common factor in many reported cases of hospital acquired hyponatremia is excess volume of the fluid infused.5,6,14,21 The RR(relative risk) of death or severe neurological sequel when facial oedema (a sign of fluid overload) was present was 2.5 (95% CI 1.4-4.8) despite the absence of differences in serum Na.14 This shows that fluid overload without hyponatremia is equally dangerous and can contribute to adverse neurological events.

Current weight based fluid calculation overestimates the maintenance intravenous fluid requirement in children. The requirements are based on the supposition that energy expenditure is based on body weight, and for every 100 Cals consumed, there is a loss of 100 ml of water.3 In actual fact, resting energy expenditure is related to fat free mass (25% children are obese in industrialized nations). Almost half of calorie intake (hence water) suggested by Holliday and Segar is designated for growth.3 An unrealistic goal in acute illness, and the energy expenditure in sick children is significantly lower than in healthy children, as low as 40-50Cal/kg/day.22-24

Hence, in sick children in whom renal clearance of free water is reduced by more than 50%, a further 30% reduction of insensible water loss can be expected if the child is on a ventilator.18,23 Therefore, the actual fluid requirement may amount to approximately half that suggested by Holliday and Segar- roughly 50ml/kg/day for a sick child who has no hypovolumia and adequate organ perfusion.7,22-24 Most authors agree that in children with Pneumonia and CNS injury, fluid should be restricted to half to two thirds of the maintenance.15,17

Post-perative states need special emphasis. The most frequent clinical setting for acute hyponatremia is after elective surgery.5,6,10 The problem mainly arises when appropriate adjustments (restrictions) are not made in the volume of fluid, in addition to the hypotonicity of the fluid.20 Up to 7.5% of patients develop significant hyponatremia in the first post-operative week and sometimes, this may lead to life threatening complications such as encephalopathy.25-27

It seems that the rationale for changing the conventional PMS is very clear from these studies since there is overwhelming evidence of a greater level of risk of hospital acquired hyponatremia associated with the use of hypotonic solutions.4-11,14,18,19,21,28 The National Patient safety Agency (NPSA) alerts that with the range of hypotonic fluids available, the use of NaCl 0.18% with glucose 4%(PDS) presents an even greater risk and all the deaths cited in UK literature since 2000 were all associated with PDS infusion.9

NPSA in their patient safety alert dated September 2007, recommended changing the standard paediatric maintenance fluid from 0.18%(PDS) to 0.45% saline(1/2 Normal saline), to prevent children from developing serious Hyponatremia.9 In 2003, the Royal College of Anaethetist issued a statement advising against the use of traditional PDS and this statement was supported by The Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, although a subsequent survey showed that action had not been implemented in some instituitions.9,29 There are many studies and review articles in Paediatric literature strongly arguing in favor of using Normal saline (with added glucose) as a safe maintenance solution both peri-operatively and in the acute phase of most childhood illnesses requiring hospitalization along with a moderate degree of fluid restriction (50-60%).7,14

Overall, the original guidelines for maintenance fluid and volume may not be applicable now. The development of Hyponatremia is unacceptably high in hospitalized children and there is already substantial experience of harm from hypotonic solutions especially less than 0.3% saline at the conventional prescribed volume. Although most of the recommendations are in favor of replacing PDS with isotonic saline, there are some who still find it difficult to change and shed the traditional practice and argue in favor of the PDS.

Here it has been postulated that the "truth lies somewhere in between" and that 0.45% (half normal saline) with added glucose could be the PMS of choice. Fluid restriction is also an equally important child safety practice during illnesses and in the absence of hypovolumia, and with adequate organ perfusion, limiting fluid intake to 50-60%of previous recommendations would be in the best interest of the Child.


Viscous pressure forming (VPF) is a good sheet metal forming flexible method to manufacture high strength and difficult-to-form material parts. The variation of critical point, during the forming of sheets with VPF and conventional stamping, has been investigated in simulation of the forming process of superalloy corrugated part via the FE commercial software DEFORM? It was found that compared with rigid punch forming, the critical point of the sheet will move during VPF, benefiting to release the stress concentration and decrease the possibility of necking occurrence hence improvement of the formability of sheets.


Objective. To evaluate the clinical significance of serum soluble IL-2R (sIL-2R) in inflammatory myopathies. Methods. Serum sIL-2R and CK levels were determined in 27 patients with IM during periods of disease exacerbation and inactive disease and were compared to 20 healthy controls and 23 controls with noninflammatory elevated CK. The performance of sIL-2R and CK tests for assessing disease activity was compared. Results. sIL-2R levels were increased in patients with IM. Significantly higher sIL-2R levels were detected in patients with disease exacerbation than in patients with inactive disease. In patients with IM, the sIL-2R levels correlated with the CK levels. Based on ROC analysis, diagnostic accuracy of sIL-2R and CK tests for disease activity was similar. However, when the CK threshold was defined by the upper limit of the normal, the specificity for the CK test dropped to 58%. Conclusion. Serum sIL-2R level could be useful to distinguish disease exacerbation from damage in IM, especially in patients with persistent elevated CK levels when a clinical muscular worsening is noted. For discrimination of the disease activity, CK testing requires the use of a different threshold than the upper limit of the normal.


Recently technology develops very rapidly. At the first time community only knew about radio, television, and newspapers, but along with the time human need gets more complex especially in information and communication so that scientists create sophisticated technology that can simplify human life. With advance in information and communication technology, recently the world does not know boundary. The internet also develops to adapt human need, even community use it as a means of buying and selling online goods or service in which recently is called online market. Online shopping is new phenomenon in shopping world in Indonesia. People prefer online shopping rather than having to spend time and energy to visit store directly. Therefore, Tree-X company utilizes online marketing to support sale. Tree-X company runs in wooden gifts and merchandises. The purpose of this research is to find out the effect of social media marketing and marketplace marketing on buying interest on Tree-X products. The variables in this research consist of social media marketing (X1), marketplace marketing (X2), and buying interest (Y). Data collection through online questionnaire distribution with the total sample of 100 respondents. Sampling uses purposive sampling technique. Data process uses Microsoft Excel 2013 and SPSS 22 For Windows. This research uses quantitative method and multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this research are social media marketing affects positive on buying interest and marketplace marketing affect positive on buying interest. The correlation value between social media marketing and marketplace marketing variables on buying interest variable is 75%  can be concluded there is close relationship between independent variable and dependent variable in this research. The results of t test are social media marketing affects significant on buying interest of Tree-X products, marketplace marketing affects significant on buying interest of Tree-X products. The results of F test are social media marketing and marketplace marketing simultaneously have significant effect on buying interest of Tree-X products.
Keywords: social media marketing, marketplace marketing, buying interest


The analytical formula for the beam propagation factor ( M 2-factor) of cosh-Gaussian (ChG) array beams propagating through atmospheric turbulence is derived, and the influence of turbulence on the M 2-factor is studied by using the relative M 2-factor. It is shown that the M 2-factor is not a propagation invariant in turbulence, and the turbulence results in an increase of the M 2-factor. For the incoherent combination, the M 2-factor of ChG array beams increases with increasing propagation distance, beam parameter, relative beam separation distance and beam number. For the coherent combination, the M 2-factor of ChG array beams increases with oscillatory behavior as the beam parameter or the relative beam separation distance increases. For the coherent combination the M 2-factor is always smaller than that for the incoherent combination. However, for the incoherent combination the M 2-factor is always less sensitive to turbulence than that for the coherent combination. In particular, the influence of turbulence on the M 2-factor can be reduced by a suitable choice of the relative beam separation distance. With increasing beam number, the M 2-factor becomes more sensitive to turbulence for the coherent combination, while for the incoherent combination the M 2-factor becomes less sensitive to turbulence.


Transforming growth factor-p (TGF-~) is a potent inhibitor of immune cells including T-Iymphocytes. natural killer (NK) cells. and antigen presenting cells (APes). Because large amounts of TGF-~ are often produced by tumors, it has been hypothesized that blockade of TGF-~ would prevent the loss of antitumor immune activity and exert effective antitumor efficacy. Thus. a number of experimental studies have been performed in tumor models blocking TGF-~ production. TGF-~ receptor binding. or TGF-~ signaling to augment host antitumor immune responses. In this chapter. we review studies employing blockade of TGF-~ using a soluble type II transforming growth factor-f receptor (sTGF-~R) and discuss future ways in which TGF-~ inhibition might enhance cancer immuno-therapy.


Objective:
To develop a quantitative, clinically relevant magnetization transfer (MT) technique for multiple sclerosis (MS).
 Background:
Quantitative MT (qMT) allows one to objectively assay myelin content, but requires acquisitions that are too long for most clinical applications. An optimized, single-point qMT method was recently developed for the brain and spinal cord (SC), providing high-resolution indices in clinically relevant scan times; however, this technique has not been studied in the MS SC.
 Methods:
Ten healthy volunteers and four relapsing-remitting MS patients were imaged at 3.0T (Philips Achieva) from C2-C5. High-resolution (0.65x0.65x5 mm 3 ) MT data were acquired at a single offset/power (+ a reference image). B 1 and ΔB 0 maps were acquired to correct for inhomogeneities, a T 1 map to correct for T 1 differences, and an anatomical image for registration. Total scan time for all MR images ~ 16 minutes. Data were fit to a two-pool qMT model, while fixing parameters to values in the literature to reduce the number of data points required to invert the model. The macromolecular to free proton pool size ratio (PSR, relates to myelin content) in the dorsal, lateral WM, and central GM was generated for each subject.
 Results:
MS patient lesions show a significant reduction in PSR (0.09±0.01, p < 0.01) compared to the surrounding WM (0.17±0.02) and control WM (0.16±0.01). A patient who presented with difficulty walking as well as sensory/motor deficits showed lesions in lateral/dorsal columns on anatomical MRI, but the ventral columns appeared normal. The PSR, however, demonstrated intact ventral columns (0.14±0.01), and a pervasive PSR lowering in the remaining cord (0.07±0.01).
 Conclusions:
The results highlighted here provide evidence that PSR can be studied in the SC of MS patients in clinically meaningful scan times and may provide an imaging biomarker of MS. It is currently being deployed in a larger MS cohort. Disclosure: Dr. Smith has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dortch has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lyttle has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pawate has nothing to disclose. Dr. Smith has nothing to disclose.


A 36-year-old woman was referred February 2007 to the outpatient clinic in of an academic dermatology department for investigation of a skin rash. She had a history of unilateral deafness related to a delayed diagnosis of cholesteatoma. She also had Sjögren s syndrome (SS), which had been diagnosed 4 years earlier when she presented with a typical sicca syndrome. At that time, she had Chisholm–Mason stage IV salivary gland involvement and anti-Ro (SSA) and anti-La (SSB) auto-antibodies were found. She also had distal tubular acidosis with normal renal function and without proteinuria, as a minor renal involvement of the SS. Onychomycosis had been suspected at a visit in January 2007 and she was treated with terbinafine. Five weeks after starting this treatment, a widespread erythematosquamous and annular rash developed, involving the trunk, limbs and face, leading to her referral to the dermatology department. Histological examination of a skin biopsy found intense interface dermatitis with vacuolization of basal cells and numerous necrotic keratinocytes scattered among the epidermis, consistent with subacute cutaneous LE. A drug-induced flare of subacute cutaneous LE associated with the presence of Ro (SSA) antibodies, was suspected. Terbinafine was stopped and the patient was treated with topical steroids and chloroquine 100 mg ⁄ day, but within 2 months the rash progressed and covered the trunk and the limbs (Fig. 1a). As the patient had complete unilateral deafness, she was reluctant to increase her chloroquine dosage because of concern about ototoxicity and she refused immunosuppressive drugs. We thus decided to perform extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) on two consecutive days (1 cycle) every 15 days to avoid any potential ototoxicity or neurotoxicity. Three days after each cycle, the patient noted improvement, starting from the first cycle. The rash completely cleared after four cycles (Fig. 1b) and did not relapse over an 18-month follow-up period. This patient had a terbinafine-induced flare of subacute cutaneous LE. We report this case because some cases with primary cutaneous involvement of LE are difficult to treat, either because of contraindications to drugs that are commonly prescribed for LE or because they are resistant to antimalarials, thalidomide and immunosuppressive drugs. In such patients, ECP could be an alternative. The mechanism by which photopheresis might possibly act remains still unclear. Downregulation of T-cell activity of T-cell clones seems to play a major role. Ultraviolet Ainduced T-cell damage with DNA damage by cross-links between sister strands and consequent cell death is also probably involved. Furthermore, ECP induces apoptosis of T-lymphocytes, the key mediators of cutaneous LE, which are highly sensitive to this effect. (a)


In understanding the degree of choice we have in our emotions, we benefit from the Stoics' analysis into first and second movements: appraisals and reappraisals. The Stoics were concerned to avoid the harm that emotions can cause, but their idea of working on goals, rather than on emotions as such, generalizes beyond their concerns. For modern people, the problem of taking responsibility for our emotional life becomes less paradoxical when we consider interpersonal issues.


IntroductionHumor? Are you kidding me? In a professional journal? Well, yeah. You can chuckle or chortle all the way to the scholarly journals on humor. There are more serious humor researchers than members of the Mormon Tabernacle Choir. And they take humor seriously, the researchers that is, not the choir. "So what's this article about? It's certainly not very funny so far."Let's begin with an unscientific, statisticallybiased, sloppy survey. Are you currently using humor in your teaching and/or presentations at professional conferences? Have you been considering it, but haven't taken the leap yet? Are you too scared and shaking in your Birkenstocks to try humor? Do you attempt humor with your urologist? If you answered "yes" to any of those questions, especially about your Birkenstocks, "come on down!" If you answered "no" and would like to add a new dimension to your teaching and shaking, stay on board. If you're already totally confused, that's fine. I am too.Instructional BreakthroughGuess what? If you always wanted to use humor, but didn't for any reason, now you can. This is YOUR time. There are two major global educational trends that have changed the form and execution of humor in the classroom and in professional conferences: (1) the burgeoning instructional technology, especially PowerPoint, which can provide a vehicle for several forms of low risk humor anyone can present, and (2) the diversity of classroom demographics, especially students with different nationalities, which restricts the use of culture-specific humor. The first trend now permits anyone to present humor without saying a word, much less a punchline. That means that any instructor, even one with the personality of a grapefruit, can deliver humor. You may not be able to land a job at Goldman Sachs, but you can do this. The second trend draws a line between culture-specific and culture-free humor. Instructors need to be particularly sensitive to the cultural composition of their classroom in choosing appropriate humor.What Humor Is NOT in the ClassroomHumor is NOT about telling jokes to your class, comedy, or "Last Professor Standing." Wow! Bummer. None of us is trained to perform, although some of you may be gifted with that comic gene or have theatre in your bone marrow or spleen. Ouch! Humor is not a random act of entertainment in the classroom. When humor is intended for teaching, it is a teaching tool that is systematically-planned and has a specific learning outcome.The purposes of this groundbreaking article are: (1) to briefly review the research on humor and laughter, (2) to present a half dozen of the most effective techniques, (3) to suggest how and where to infuse humor throughout your PowerPoint, (4) to list 40 safe, culture-specific and culture-free content topics for humor, and (5) to proffer a few final thoughts.Review of Research on Humor and LaughterFor you "doubting Rons" out there and others, there are buckets of humor research on the individual psychological, physiological, and educational benefits, and techniques in teaching, training, and speaking. There are also more than 350 research papers (Nilsen, n.d.). Most critical reviews of the research appeared within the last decade (Berk, 2001a, 2002, 2004a, 2004b, in press; Martin, 2001, 2003, 2006; McGhee, 1999, 2010; Provine, 2000). Those reviews furnish a somewhat sobering, realistic assessment of the evidence to pinpoint precisely what we know and what we don't know (but would like to know). I am ashamed to admit that I contributed to the destruction of scores of trees and shrubbery by publishing a few studies on humor in the classroom (Berk, 1996, 2000, 2001b, 2002, 2004b; Berk & Nanda, 1998, 2006).Humor in TeachingSo what could I possibly type in this article that you can't get elsewhere? How about an up-to-date summary of the specific effects of humor in teaching and the classroom environment? …


The effects of diffeomorphism and Leibniz mapping on Casimir function of Leibniz manifolds are investigated,which finds the following conclusions:(1) Casimir function C(x) on Leibniz manifolds(M,M),can be induced by diffeomorphism φ∶M→N to a Casimir function(φ-1)*C on N;(2) with invertible Leibniz mapping Ψ∶M→N,the linear combination of No's Casimir functions ∑s i=1λiCion N,can be pulled back into a Casimir function on M.Finally,several formulas concerning Leibniz vector field and Casimir function are presented.


Abstract: In spite of its usefulness to early detect cardiovascular disease, photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals are prone to motion artifacts due to its typical measurement locations. These artifacts consequently affect the reliability of systolic peak detection-based PPG parameter calculations. In this paper, the PPG signals are modeled by a small number (3 to 6) of Amplitude-Frequency Modulation (AM-FM) modulated signals such that the synthesis signal preserves its harmonics structure in time-frequency domain. We propose a coherent AM modulating signal detection by which the filterbank tracks Instantaneous Frequency (IF) of each harmonic component. This time-varying filterbank method offers bandwidth preservation of the AM components. Furthermore, the experimental results show that motion artifact (MA) noise reference for the input of the adaptive filter is generated from the corrupted PPG signal itself by using one of applications of our method.


Infauna at six stations in western Lake Erie was sampled on four occasions during 1981–1982 to determine if natural patterns of distribution and abundance reflected the response to disturbance that was revealed previously in tray colonization experiments. The distribution of opportunist species was patchy and positively associated with a gradient of bottom disturbance due to prevailing southwest winds. Distribution of late colonizers was more even and either unrelated to the gradient or more abundant in lower stress regions. Except to the extent that it covaried with bottom stress gradients, sediment grain size was not a significant predictor of benthos distribution. Small, shallow-dwelling, early colonizers appeared to suffer higher mortality during an unusually windy period (October 1981–April 1982) than the larger, deeper-dwelling, late colonizers. We suggest that a portion of the spatial and temporal variability of benthos in large, shallow lakes is probably the result of differential adaptation to a ...


Foreword to the First Edition by Arthur L. Costa Preface to the Second Edition Acknowledgments About the Authors 1. Getting Started We Have to Begin With Learning Natural Learning Capacities Three Critical Elements Teachers Must Master What Are We After? Developing Higher-Order Learning Functions Scaffolding the Journey: Shifting Your Instructional Approach The Process That Makes It Real: How to Use This Book Mastering the Vocabulary: Getting Started Part I. Relaxed Alertness 2. Why Relaxed Alertness Provides the Optimum Emotional Climate for Learning Relaxed Alertness Is a Psychophysiological State Foundations of Relaxed Alertness Executive Functions What Can Educators Do? For the Empowering Leader Mastering the Vocabulary: Introduction to Relaxed Alertness 3. Complex Learning Is Enhanced by Challenge and Inhibited by Threat, Helplessness, and Fatigue How Do We Know This? The Research That Supports This Principle Processing This Principle Taking It Into the Classroom The First Foundational Skill for Relaxed Alertness: Ordered Sharing For the Empowering Leader Mastering the Vocabulary: The Development of Competence and Confidence Accompanied by Meaning or Purpose 4. The Brain/Mind Is Social How Do We Know This? The Research That Supports This Principle Processing This Principle Taking It Into the Classroom The Second Foundational Skill for Relaxed Alertness: Effective Listening and "I" Messages For the Empowering Leader Mastering the Vocabulary: How the Social Environment Contributes to Relaxed Alertness 5. The Search for Meaning Is Innate How Do We Know This? The Research That Supports This Principle Processing This Principle Taking It Into the Classroom The Third Foundational Skill for Relaxed Alertness: Process Meetings For the Empowering Leader Mastering the Vocabulary: How Meaning Contributes to a State of Relaxed Alertness 6. Emotions Are Critical to Patterning How Do We Know This? The Research That Supports This Principle Processing This Principle Taking It Into the Classroom The Fourth Foundational Skill for Relaxed Alertness: Resolving Conflict For the Empowering Leader Mastering the Vocabulary: Emotions and Patterning Part II. Orchestrated Immersion 7. Creating the Richest Learning Environments Using Immersion in Complex Experience How Do We Know This? The Research That Supports This Principle Processing These Ideas Taking It Into the Classroom For the Empowering Leader Mastering the Vocabulary: Creating the Richest Learning Environments Using Immersion in Complex Experience 8. The Brain/Mind Processes Parts and Wholes Simultaneously How Do We Know This? The Research That Supports This Principle Processing This Principle Taking It Into the Classroom The First Foundational Skill for Orchestrated Immersion: Designing Teacher-Orchestrated, Global Experiences For the Empowering Leader Mastering the Vocabulary: The Brain/Mind Processes Parts and Wholes Simultaneously 9. All Learning Engages the Physiology How Do We Know This? The Research That Supports This Principle Processing This Principle Taking It Into the Classroom The Second Foundational Skill for Orchestrated Immersion: Guiding Actor-Centered Learning For the Empowering Leader Mastering the Vocabulary: All Learning Engages the Physiology 10. The Search for Meaning Occurs Through Patterning How Do We Know This? The Research That Supports This Principle Processing This Principle Taking It Into the Classroom The Third Foundational Skill for Orchestrated Immersion: Seeing and Teaching Patterns For the Empowering Leader Mastering the Vocabulary: The Search for Meaning Occurs Through Patterning 11. Learning Is Developmental How Do We Know This? The Research That Supports This Principle Processing This Principle Taking It Into the Classroom The Fourth Foundational Skill for Orchestrated Immersion: Effective Assessment For the Empowering Leader Mastering the Vocabulary: Learning Is Developmental Part III. Active Processing 12. How to Help Learners Digest and Consolidate Learning How Do We Know This? The Research That Supports This Principle Active Processing and the Instructional Approaches For the Empowering Leader Mastering the Vocabulary: How to Help Learners Digest and Consolidate Learning 13. There Are at Least Two Approaches to Memory. One Is to Store or Archive and the Other Is to Engage Multiple Memory Systems in Order to Make Sense of Experience How Do We Know This? The Research That Supports This Principle Memory and Decision Making Processing This Principle Taking It Into the Classroom The First Foundational Skill for Active Processing: The Effective Use of Questions For the Empowering Leader Mastering the Vocabulary: There Are at Least Two Approaches to Memory. One Is to Store or Archive and the Other Is to Engage Multiple Memory Systems in Order to Make Sense of Experience 14. Learning Engages Both Focused Attention and Peripheral Perception How Do We Know This? The Research That Supports This Principle Processing This Principle Taking It Into the Classroom The Second Foundational Skill for Active Processing: Capitalizing on Attention Through the Effective Use of Observation For the Empowering Leader Mastering the Vocabulary: Learning Engages Both Focused Attention and Peripheral Perception 15. Learning Is Both Conscious and Unconscious How Do We Know This? The Research That Supports This Principle Processing This Principle Taking It Into the Classroom The Third Foundational Skill for Active Processing: Self-Regulation For the Empowering Leader Mastering the Vocabulary: Learning Is Both Conscious and Unconscious 16. Each Brain Is Uniquely Organized How Do We Know This? The Research That Supports This Principle Processing This Principle Taking It Into the Classroom The Fourth Foundational Skill for Active Processing: Advanced Questioning For the Empowering Leader Mastering the Vocabulary: Each Brain in Uniquely Organized Resource A: The Brain/Mind Principles Wheel Resource B: The Brain/Mind Learning Capacities Wheel Resource C: How to Develop Process Learning Circles Resource D: Guided Experiences Presentation Cycle Resource E: Guidelines for the Guided Experiences Model Resource F: Global Experience Design Wheel Resource G: Sensory Poem References Index


An analytical study is performed to study the influence of radiation and mass transfer on unsteady hydromagnetic free convective memory flow of viscous, incompressible and electrically conducting fluids past an infinite vertical porous plate in the presence of constant suction and heat absorbing sink with chemical reaction taking into an account. Approximate solutions have been derived for the mean velocity, mean temperature and mean concentration using multi-parameter perturbation technique and these are presented in graphical form. The effects of different physical parameters such as magnetic parameter, Grashof number, modified Grashof number, Prandtl number, Schmidt number, Eckert number, Radiation parameter; Chemical reaction parameter and heat sink strength parameter are discussed.


The analysis of the results of examination and treatment of 15 operated patients with deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities and pelvis in combination with skeletal trauma in the departments of vascular surgery and traumatology of the RSCEMP for the period from 2017 to 2019 was carried out. All patients underwent a simultaneous operation, the purpose of which was the prevention of pulmonary embolism and the elimination of skeletal trauma. Depending on the level of the thrombotic process, 13 patients underwent IVC clipping and 2 patients underwent ligation of the femoral vein in combination with the traumatological stage of the operation.


Toronto, along with cities all over the world, faces numerous health, social and environmental problems related to food. Over the last half-century, there has been a global upsurge in the consumption of meat and processed foods rich in saturated fats, sugars and salts. Meanwhile there has been a steady decline in the consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables, pulses and whole-grain products. The result is a rise in chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, osteoporosis, certain types of cancer and obesity. Addressing food systems security and a degraded food system is a complex global problem, and a problem that requires innovative and strategic solutions. Municipal Government has a key role to play.


A D D R E S S Correspondence should be addressed to: A N D R E A S . M C D U F F I E , PhD CCC-SLP, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA. e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Learning new words presents a special problem for children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder because these children have core deficits in joint attention behaviors, including attention following. By attention following, we mean the child's ability to turn his or her head or change direction of gaze in order to monitor and respond to verbal and non-verbal cues that indicate the referential focus of a social partner. A deficit in following adult autism © 2006 SAGE Publications and The National Autistic Society Vol 10(3) 288–301; 063287 1362-3613(200605)10:3 www.sagepublications.com DOI: 10.1177/1362361306063287 K E Y W O R D S attention following; autism; language development; word learning at VANDERBILT UNIV on December 13, 2013 aut.sagepub.com Downloaded from Mc D U F F I E E T A L . : L A B E L S I N C R E A S E AT T E N T I O N 289 attentional directives is among three primary indicators for the early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (Baird et al., 2000; Baron-Cohen et al., 1996). According to a social pragmatic approach to language acquisition, attention following represents one of a number of social-cognitive behaviors that children use to understand the referential intentions of conversational partners (Tomasello, 2001). Theoretically, the ability successfully to follow adult indicating behaviors should increase the efficiency with which children determine the correspondence between labels they hear and object referents they see in the environment. Children who can follow into the focus of adult attention should learn more words and avoid mapping errors during word learning (Baldwin, 1991; 1993a; 1993b). A concurrent relationship between attention following and vocabulary comprehension has been well documented for typically developing children (Carpenter et al., 1998; Landry and Loveland, 1988; Mundy and Gomes, 1998; Mundy et al., 1995; Slaughter and McConnell, 2003) as well as children with autism (Charman et al., 2003; Landry and Loveland, 1988; Mundy et al., 1987). A positive relationship between attention following and the number of words children understand may be observed for children with autism as early as 20 months of age (Charman et al., 2003). Thus, we have support from both word-learning theory and research that attention following represents a behavior worthy of detailed examination by those interested in improving language outcomes for children with autism spectrum disorders. For children with autism, there is indirect evidence that learning the conventional meanings of words may be primarily restricted to situations in which adults follow into the child's current focus of attention. BaronCohen and colleagues (1997), using a modified version of the Baldwin (1993a; 1993b) paradigm, demonstrated that school-aged children with autism made mapping errors in word learning because they incorrectly used their own direction of gaze when making word–object associations, rather than following the speaker's gaze to the intended referent (BaronCohen et al., 1997). Only 29 percent of children with autism, between 7 and 12 years of age, were able correctly to map verbal labels to novel objects when the speaker's direction of gaze was discrepant from their own, while almost 80 percent of typically developing 24-month-olds were able correctly to complete the experimental task. When the speaker's direction of gaze coincided with their own, children with autism were able to make word–object associations as often as typically developing, languagematched controls. Assuming these findings generalize to very young children with autism, then identifying ways to support attention following should have a positive impact on word-learning outcomes. at VANDERBILT UNIV on December 13, 2013 aut.sagepub.com Downloaded from Typically developing infants demonstrate a preference for listening to lexical word forms early in development (Shi and Werker, 2003; Tincoff and Jusczyk, 1999). There is also evidence that listening to verbal labels increases both visual attention to objects and manual object exploration in typically developing toddlers. Baldwin and Markman (1989, study 1) observed that children aged 10–14 months spent significantly more time looking at and touching a single novel object when the examiner labeled the object than when a novel object was presented with no speech directed toward the infant. Neither age nor vocabulary comprehension were significantly related to the attention-facilitating effect of adult labeling. In this experiment, the examiner stood several feet away and only gazed or smiled at the infant as the infant played with the toy. Hearing a label heightened infant attention to a novel object, compared to a condition in which the adult did not provide any language input, although the adult was not interacting with the infant in a proximal context in either condition. In another more recent study, typically developing 18-month-olds spent a longer duration of time looking at single unfamiliar objects when adults directed infant attention using verbal encouragement in addition to the use of gaze shifts and pointing, compared to when adults directed attention using gaze shifts and pointing alone (Flom and Pick, 2003). Both of these studies suggest that adding a verbal label to other non-verbal indicating behaviors has a facilitative effect on attention following in typically developing children at the earliest stages of word learning. However, both of these studies compared a condition in which labels were presented to a condition in which the adult was silent and used only eye gaze and gestural cues to support attention following. Parents usually introduce novel words to their children within the more naturalistic context of connected speech (Woodward and Aslin, 1990; as cited in Jusczyk, 1997). Despite strong theoretical support for the notion that labels increase attention to novel objects in typically developing children, no study in the extant literature has directly considered whether hearing verbal labels can support child attention following over and above the effects of talking about an object without labeling. This is an important empirical question for typically developing children and a question that has important practical implications for young children with autism as well. If we are able to identify cues that enable children with autism to follow adult attentional directives more efficiently, we might then use such strategies to increase word learning outside of 'follow-in' labeling situations. The construct of adult 'follow-in' labeling (Baldwin, 1993a; Tomasello and Farrar, 1986) characterizes a triadic interaction in which the adult labels the object toward which the child is already attending. In such an interaction, it is not necessary for the child to shift their own focus of A U T I S M 10(3)


The behavior of a steel pipe pile in sand subjected to lateral load is examined by three-dimensional finite element (FE) analyses using the commercially available software package ABAQUS/Standard 6.10 EF1. The sand around the pile is modeled using a modified form of Mohr-Coulomb soil model. The modifications involve the nonlinear variation of elastic soil modulus with mean stress and the variation of mobilized angle of internal friction and dilation angle with plastic shear strain, which are implemented in ABAQUS/Standard using a user subroutine. Numerical analyses are also performed by using the LPILE software which is based on the p-y curve approach and widely used in design for estimating lateral load capacity of pile foundations. The FE and LPILE results are compared with the results of two full-scale tests available in the literature. It is shown that the FE model better simulates the response of a pile under lateral load. Comparing the numerical results with the full-scale test results, some limitations of the p-y curve method are highlighted. -- In the second part of the study, finite element analyses are performed to estimate the pullout capacity of a suction caisson subjected to oblique loading. Three-dimensional finite element analyses are performed using ABAQUS/Standard 6.10 EF1 finite element software. The effects of two key variables, loading angle and mooring line position, are investigated. The finite element results are compared with centrifuge test results available in the literature. The maximum pullout capacity is obtained when the mooring line is attached at approximately 75% depth of the caisson for the cases analyzed in this study.


An imperfectly conducting surface may support surface wave s provided appropriate impedance boundary conditions (Leontovich conditions ) are satisfied. Electromagnetic surface waves propagate along an impedance surfac e and interact with its singular points such as edges or conical vertices giving ris e to the reflection and transmission of such surface waves as well as to those diffra cted into the space surrounding the canonical body. In this work we discuss a mathem atical approach describing some physical processes dealing with the diffract ion of surface waves by canonical singularities like wedges and cones. We develop a mathematically justified theory of such processes with the attention centred on iffraction of a skew incident surface wave at the edge of an impedance wedge. Ques tions of excitation of the electromagnetic surface waves by a Hertzian dipole are a lso addressed as well as the Geometrical Optics laws of reflection and transmission o f a surface wave across the edge of an impedance wedge, and possible type conversion of the transmitted surface wave.


It is of importance to provide loans such as small forest right mortgage(SFRM)for revitalizing the forestry capital,and promoting the forestry production.Taking Youxi and Qingliu counties in Fujian province,Lin'an County in Zhejiang Province,Fu and Xixiang Counties in Shaanxi Province as examples,on the basis of the survey data using SPSS13.0statistical analysis software to build multivariate regression model,factors influencing the demand of SFRM were analyzed.The results showed that the demand of SFRM was independent with the factors such as the annual income of the households of forest owners,the area of the forests that a household owned,loan term,loan purposes,and whether or not their assets were evaluated.However,the demand of SFRM was significantly and negatively related to the age of forest owners and the ways of household income,and significantly and positively related to their education levels,loan amount,and the participation of forest insurance.The authors proposed that SFRM should be granted to those in which the family members were young and the family incomes were depended on the forests they owned.Financial institutions should increase the amount of loans,extend the loan term,expand thescope of the loan purpose to meet the practical requirements of forest production and the life demands of the households.The insurance institutions also should increase the types of forest insurance,lower the insurance costs,improve the level of security,and simplify the insurance formalities to actively promote the development of forest insurance business.Also the government should pay more attention to the development of education in forest area to raise the education levels of forest owners.


BACKGROUND
Mental illness is a global health burden that remains poorly understood even by health care providers. It is important to get insight of the prevalence, clinical features and management of psychiatric morbidity in general practice in Uganda as it affects treatment outcome.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the prevalence, types and associations of psychiatric morbidity as seen among adult in-patients on medical and surgical wards of Mbarara Regional Referral hospital as a prototype Ugandan regional referral hospital.

METHODS
This was a cross sectional descriptive study. Psychiatric diagnosis was arrived at by administering the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) as the diagnostic instrument.

RESULTS
Of the 258 participants in this study, 109 (42%) met criteria for at least one DSM IV psychiatric diagnosis. Only 6% of all the psychiatrically diagnosed patients were recognized by their treating doctors as having mental illness.

CONCLUSION
The psychiatric disorders on the general medical and surgical wards are highly prevalent and not recognized by staff on these wards despite their common occurrence. There is need for sensitisation of staff on recognition and management of psychiatric disorders in physical illness.


The utility model discloses a carrier member and a method for manufacturing the same and a method for manufacture of a printed circuit board using the same. The carrier member comprises an insulator; at least one first metal plate is formed on the upper surface of the insulator, the lower surface of the insulator or each of the upper surface and the lower surface; and at least one second metal plate is formed on each first metal plate for exposing the outer edge of the first metal plate. According to the invention, an isolation layer is prevented from stripping because of negative influence caused by physical effect or chemical medicine during substrate preparation.


In this research we implement an EEG based music therapy. Music therapy can help the student deal with the stress, anxiety and depression problems. To do so we will develop EEGbased human emotion recognition algorithm. Proposed training program works as a therapist. The music choice and duration of the music is adjusted based on the student's current emotion recognized automatically from EEG. If the happy emotion is not induced by the current music, the system would automatically switch to another one until he or she feel happy. Proposed system is personalized brain music treatment that is making a brain training application running on smart phone or pad. That overcomes the critical problems of time and space constraints of existing brain training program. By using this brain training program, student can manage the stress easily without the help of expert.


Introduction A total of 14 known bower birds species are found throughout Australia and New Guinea. Six of these are found· within Australia. The most poplar two species in captivity today are the Satin Bower Bird and the Regent Bower Bird. They are very striking in color and are presently in demand by aviculturists. There are usually also one or two other species, but they are not available in great numbers, .e.g., Great Bower Bird and Western Bower Bird. Bower birds can be considered very hardy in captivity and are usually used as display species in many bird collections. Their overall husbandry and breeding techniques have long been taken for granted with most bower birds coming into captivity directly from the wild. This trend of collecting birds directly from the wild has slowed down somewhat so the pressure is on all of us to breed, record, and maintain many softbilled species. This, in turn, will increase our understanding, knowledge, and, who knows, may even help support the wild population in some way. The Regent Bower Bird The Regent Bower Bird Sericulus chrysocephalus is found along the east coast of Australia from New South Wales into Southern of Queensland. A second sub-species Sericulus chrysocephalus rothschildi is believed to be found further north in Queensland. Description The male Regent Bower Bird has a forehead, crown, nape to mantle rich golden yellow, suffused with orangered on forecrown and hindneck. The two outermost primaries and their coverts black, remaining flight feathers, golden yellow with black tips becom- ing broader toward outer primaries. Secondary-coverts and tertials, rich golden yellow with other parts of the body mainly black. Male bower birds usually mature at around six or seven years of age. The female Regent Bower Bird is usually larger than the male with the crown and nape sooty black. She is prominently brown with grayish to white feather markings throughout the rest of her body. Immature birds are similar to adult females. Acquisitions On the 22nd October 1987, the Perth Zoo acquired a pair of Regent Bower Birds of unknown age from Taronga Zoo. These birds were collected from the wild in October 1985. One of the main reasons for Perth Zoo becoming involved with bower birds was to obtain more breeding and captive information on them. The Perth Zoo uses the Regent, Satin and Great Bower Birds as analogue species to gain and gather information which may help alleviate the future threat to bower bird species either here in Australia or in New Guinea. Housing and Behavior Within Perth Zoo these birds are housed in adult pairs or one male to two females, using two or three aviaries side by side to allow introduction, breeding, and for other management reasons. This arrangement allows us to quickly separate the males from the females or, visa versa, remove offspring with minimal disturbance to them. When the Perth Zoo first considered breeding Regent Bower Birds, we prepared two to five aviaries for breeding and maintaining ·them long term. In 1985 when we obtained our first pair of immature Regent Bower Birds from Taronga Zoo, we set aside two of our display aviaries. This was partly to enable us to show the public these beautiful birds but, most importantly, to monitor their behavior, knowing from previous experiences what they could do to each other. These two aviaries are 2.70m (9.5 ft) in length, 4.5m (16 ft) in width and 2.70m (9.5 ft) in height. Both are made of 50 ml (2 inch) pipe and l.6mm (one inch. by half inch) heavy wire. They also have a sheltered 1.8m (8 ft) area in each aviary. The aviaries had been well planted before to allow safety for the birds, and to give the plants enough time to become established. As bower birds are big plant eaters and destroyers, plants such as Fish Bone Fem, tree ferns, some native plants, fig tree species, fruit trees, Hibiscus plants, etc., can all be used in the aviary. It is important to provide plenty of decayed leaf mulch and fine sticks each season. The staff replaces all dead tea trees in the shelters, trims plants and re-mulches these aviaries every Autumn. Introduction of bower birds can be very stressful to the birds which is why we used two aviaries side by side with interlocking doors. They were well planted so the birds could escape from each other. At least two feeding and drinking stations should be available so individual birds can not dominate a single station. Close staff observations are very important during feeding. mets The main diet of bower birds at the Perth Zoo consists of minced heart, ground dog kibble, cheese, egg mix (insectivore mix), S.A. 37. (mineral and vitamins), diced fruits and vegetables such as bananas, pawpaw, rockmelon, grapes, pears, apples, oranges, tomatoes, watermelons, figs, currants, corn, carrots, lettuces/spinach etc. Finch or a parrot mix is also given, along with mealworms, fly pupae, moths and native figs which can be collected in the zoo grounds. This is fed to the birds twice a day. In addition, when there is young, the female receives live baby (pinky) mice and moths three to five times a day, as well as the normal twice a day feeds. If the female does not have young then she will leave any baby mice offered.


To the Editor:

We read with great interest that the carotid total plaque area (TPA) appears as a better independent predictor for ischemic stroke than carotid intima-media thickness. When analyzed with Kaplan-Meyer survival analysis corrected for a number of major cardiovascular risk factors, TPA was superior to intima-media thickness.1 Although TPA was …


Regularization energy is defined as the energy required to move the points of a homogeneous point process in a bounded set to unique points of a lattice. The optimal mapping required for this movement is derived for one dimensional processes, and bounds are derived for the Poisson point process in one and two dimensions. In addition regularization energy is evaluated for well known point processes in one dimension by simulation.