The text explores some basic ideas about the epistemology behind the theory ofStructural Realism, or Neorealism, by Kenneth Waltz. First, theproblem of descriptive interpretation of theories, particularly in the disciplineof International Relations, as well as certain critical conceptions that arise fromthis logic. Second, the formal structure of the theoretical programs is analyzedin general, with an emphasis on the theoretical structure of Structural Realism. The notion ofthe duality of international political phenomena is described as an elementcentral to the core of empirical laws and principles of theory, defining its purposeand establishing its scope and limitations. Finally, the last section explores thepredictive potential of international relations theories, elaborating acritical approach to these issues from the theory itself. Finally, theconclusions consider the contribution of Waltz's general theory onthe way of thinking theories and their importance for the discipline of RelationsInternationals.


The problem of removal of hydrogen sulphide and mercaptans from oil and gas is discussed, and also new ways of absorption of hydrogen sulphide by means of various absorbers are resulted. Influence of the absorbers on hydrogen sulphide absporbtion is investigated, and also examples of their interaction on the basis of structural formulas and schemes have been resulted. Various properties of absorbers at different concentration, temperatures, parities and reaction time are studied. Results of tests of the received samples are shown.


Due to the development of society and higher vocational education,higher vocational education must follow the trend of internationalization.The purpose of which is to combine the transnational and trans-cultural concepts and atmosphere with our management,teaching,research and social service functions and so on.It is helpful for bringing up talents with internationalized and high-qualified qualifications.These students are expected to have international vision and good competence.The core concept of internationalization of higher vocational education is supposed to be the internationalization of courses according to professional certificates in international general standards.The key concern is to bring up teachers with international accomplishment.


The mRNA isolated from adult Laodelphax striatellus was reverse transcribed. The cDNA was PCR amplified using degenerate primers designed according to the alignment of the β 3- tubulin amino acid sequences of other species. To complete the coding sequence, the 3' and 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) was performed. The full- length cDNA of β 3- tubulin gene of L. striatellus (LSTUB3) spans 1859 bp and encodes a protein of 454 amino acid. The amino acids sequence predicted for the putative protein is highly homologous to β 3- tubulin characterized from various insects. It shares two conserved amino acid sequence motifs NNWAKGHY and RKAFLHWYTGEGMDEMEFTEF with other insect tubulins. In addition, there is an insertion of a six amino acid sequence from LSTUB3 residue 56- 61, which is a significant characteristic of β 3- tubulin.


How does a leading executive in today's complex business world go about creating a climate of effectiveness and innovation? A good candidate for providing valid insight into this issue is a gentleman who has served as a high-level corporate officer at a well-known international company, Mr. Al Carey. As immediate past president and chief executive officer, Mr. Carey led PepsiCo's Frito-Lay North American Division of snack and convenience foods-the company's largest producer and most profitable operating division on this continent. Mr. Carey previously served as president of PepsiCo's successful Power of One Program, a cross-divisional customer-service strategy that leverages the combined strengths and capabilities of all its businesses under a unified approach to serving customers. He is currently CEO of PepsiCo Beverages, the single largest entity under the Pepsi umbrella of companies.To illuminate the strategies and leadership-related activities he implements at one of the world's most-recognized international firms, the following interview with Mr. Carey covers four distinct areas of specific significance to modern leaders: 1) The concept of "speed of trust" and how this affects both internal teamwork and external alliances; 2) How a leader's "coachability" helps in developing both knowledge and talent; 3) A global firm's ability to incorporate environmental sustainment as a key factor for success; and 4) The manner by which innovation creates value for all stakeholders, especially customers.The "Speed of Trust"As they conduct their daily lives, people place an extraordinaiy amount of trust in eveiy person they encounter. They trust that drivers will remain in the proper traffic lanes on the interstate, that elevators will ascend and descend safely, and that their children will come home from school eveiy day unharmed. Eveiy working individual conducts countless daily business transactions which are largely dependent on trusting both internal team members (such as employees, supervisors, and management team members) and external stakeholders (such as customers, and supporting partners).Interviewer:In his landmark article two decades ago, Butler (1991) addressed extant conditions that can lead to trust. These conditions were availability, competence, consistency, discreetness, fairness, integrity, loyalty, openness, promise fulfillment, and receptivity. More recently research has examined and supported Butler's work in different settings including Li's (2013) look at relational trust and Olson and Olson's (2012) study on virtual team trust. Mr. Carey, based upon your experience at Frito-Lay and PepsiCo, which of Butler's ten conditions seem most relevant, and why?AC:When it comes to trust, character, and competence are important components. Character comprises several of the conditions you mentioned. For example, I would say that character involves fairness, integrity, and openness. It goes back to the old saying, "They don't care how much you know, until they know how much you care." How much you care is based on character. Leaders must demonstrate over and over how much they care about eveiyone they come in contact with. This includes customers, employees at all levels, vendors, consultants, supply-chain partners, and shareholders. With equal parts competence and character, you have a solid leader.Interviewer:Butler (1991) also mentions that critical incidents can lead to destruction of trust, and that sometimes power differences can affect reciprocal trust conditions. What challenges have you seen in this regard?AC:Command-and-control leadership style is one that is broadly practiced but not effective long term. It is veiy top down but will not empower employees to own their results. Sometimes, when performance lags, empowering leaders can drift back and forth from empowerment and command and control. When that happens, employees get confused and credibility is lost. …


The major portion of own source revenue of Hetauda municipality is tax. The main purposes of this research study are to expose the own sources revenue potentiality and analyze the municipal revenue compliance in Hetauda municipality. Both analytical and descriptive research designs were applied for the analysis of revenue potentiality and its compliance in Damak municipality.


This study evaluated the Hematotoxic effect of water soluble fraction (WSF) of Bonny Light Crude Oil (BLCO) in Wistar Albino rats. After preparation of the WSF and a range finding test, the Wistar albino rats were administered three concentrations (25%, 50% and 100%) of WSF of BLCO for 30 and 60days. Data from the study showed that there was a significant decrease (p≤0.05) in PCV values (30.2% in the control group to 17.2% in the 100% group), Hb levels decreased significantly from 9.25 g/dl in the control group to 5.27 g/dl in the 100% group. WBC count decreased significantly from 2932 mm in the control group to 136 mm in the 100% group and finally RBC count decreased significantly from 241.8E4 mm 3 to 567 mm 3 with increasing concentrations in the treatment groups after 60days administration. These results suggest that the oral consumption of the WSF of BLCO led to an onset of anaemia which indicates the presence of less than normal concentrations of PCV, Hb and RBC. Original Research Article Nicholas et al.; AJRB, 6(1): 1-5, 2020; Article no.AJRB.53204 2


List of figures and plates. Preface and Acknowledgements. Date-List. Abbreviations. Notes on Contributors. 1. Introduction Lawrence A. Tritle 2. Athens Cynthia Schwenk 3. Sparta Charles D. Hamilton 4. Thebes and Central Greece Mark H. Munn 5. The Eastern Greek World Stephen Ruzicka 6. The Greeks in Sicily and South Italy Richard J. A. Talbert 7. Macedonia and the North, 400-336 Julia Heskel 8. Resistance to Alexander the Great Waldemar Heckel 9. The Successors of Alexander W. Lindsay Adams 10. Art and Architecture Steven Lattimore Select critical bibliography. Index


If e-commerce in general experiences sustained growth, French cybermarkets find it difficult to develop while the hypermarket format is struggling. The literature provides very few answers to questions on shopping and e-shopping behaviour in the grocery sector with empirical evidence nearly limited to the North-American market. The purpose of this research is to investigate how consumers plan on using cybermarkets and hypermarkets for grocery shopping. An empirical analysis based upon qualitative data collected by personal interviews of 61 French consumers is presented. Results suggest that, even so it is highly criticised, the hypermarket format continues to make sense to French shoppers. The cybermarket usages are difficult to imagine by French customers and seem to correspond to two target segments: the "reluctant to hypermarket" and the "organised".


The Poetry of Boris Pasternak has been known in Poland thanks to translations and critical articles already since 1920s. Nonetheless Polish researchers became interested in his oeuvre as whole after the authors death. The largest number of studies originates from the last two decades, and their characteristic features include a great diversity of problems and methodology. The Polish authors are especially interested in the contents and form of Pasternak's writings, and their analysis concern particular works (e.g. poems) or asserted questions and phenomena typical for Pasternak. The most active researchers in Poland are Anna Majmieskuoow, Jerzy Faryno and Zygmunt Zbyrowski, other authors have published pertinent articles.


Pavement rutting is the accumulation of permanent deformation in all or a portion of the layers in a pavement structure that results in a distorted pavement surface. The overall objective of this study was to develop recommendations for more rut resistant asphalt concrete mixtures which comprise the uppermost layers of flexible pavements. To accomplish project objectives a plan of study was conducted that included: 1) an analysis of rutting data from the Alabama Highway Department's pavement condition data base; 2) a field evaluation and sampling program at thirteen test sites; 3) a laboratory testing program; and 4) analyses of data from the field and laboratory testing programs. The analysis of the pavement condition data base indicated that rutting is increasing and that rutting susceptibility varies geographically because of the variable quality of locally available aggregate. In most cases permanent deformation appeared to be combined to the top three or four inches of asphalt aggregate layers, thereby implicating high tire pressures as the primary causative factor. Mix and aggregate properties that appeared to be related to rutting include: layer thickness, voids, gyratory shear index, gyratory roller pressure, percent fractured faces, percent passing No. 200 sieve and creep strain.


ABSTRACTThe three species forming the Allium erdelii group differ in chromosome numbers and karyotypes. A. qasyunense has 7 metacentric chromosomes, A. erdelii (n = 8) has 6 metacentric and 2 telocentric, A. negevense (n =10) — 4 metacentric and 6 telocentric chromosomes. The number of chromosome arms is equal in all three species (14).The idiograms of A. erdelii and A. negevense are characterized by the m, metacentric chromosome with a long extended centromere and a secondary constriction next to it.In meiosis the metacentric chromosomes form ring-bivalents, the telocentric rod-bivalents. All populattions of the three species are monomorphic in chromosome numbers.The distribution areas of A. erdelii and A. qasyunertse overlap in part. Nevertheless, no interbreeding between the two occurs; one of the possible causes may be the difference in their flowering time.A. negevense is geographically isolated and confined to rather arid localities. It is suggested that this species may have established itself in t...


This study provides an analysis of representative critical service networks based upon research of component failure data. We used IP-SURVIV, a Noblis survivability analysis tool, to assess the availability of three representative critical service networks as components were disabled. Our findings indicate that the generally accepted high availability network topology and routing strategies - dual-homing access nodes and providing a primary and a single alternate route between all backbone node pairs - may result in surprisingly low network availability. We present architecture guidelines which significantly improve network availability. In light of our findings, entities requiring robust, high availability network service should consider reassessing the availability of their networks and also consider implementing both a multi-carrier, 3- connected backbone and a second MPLS backup route to achieve high availability (i.e., ≥ 0.9999).


Lupus nephritis depends on autoantibody deposition and activation of multiple immune cell types that promote kidney inflammation, including lymphocytes and monocyte/macrophages. Laquinimod, currently in clinical trials for multiple sclerosis and lupus nephritis, reduces infiltration of inflammatory cells into the spinal cord in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Activated monocyte/macrophages infiltrate the kidneys during nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We undertook this study to determine whether using laquinimod to reduce monocyte/macrophage‐driven tissue damage as well as to alter lymphocytes in SLE nephritis could have greater therapeutic benefit than current treatments that primarily affect lymphocytes, such as mycophenolate mofetil (MMF).


Soil carbon (C) models are used to predict C sequestration responses to climate and land use change. Yet, the soil models embedded in Earth system models typically do not represent processes that reflect our current understanding of soil C cycling, such as microbial decomposition, mineral association, and aggregation. Rather, they rely on conceptual pools with turnover times that are fit to bulk C stocks and/or fluxes. As measurements of soil fractions become increasingly available, soil C models that represent these measurable quantities can be evaluated more accurately. Here we present Version 2 (V2) of the Millennial model, a soil model developed to simulate C pools that can be measured by extraction or fractionation, including particulate organic C, mineral-associated organic C, aggregate C, microbial biomass, and dissolved organic C. Model processes have been updated to reflect the current understanding of mineral-association, temperature sensitivity and reaction kinetics, and different model structures were tested within an open-source framework. We evaluated the ability of Millennial V2 to simulate total soil organic C (SOC), as well as the mineral-associated and particulate fractions, using three soil fractionation data sets spanning a range of climate and geochemistry in Australia (N=495), Europe (N=176), and across the globe (N=730). Millennial V2 (RMSE = 1.98 – 4.76 kg, AIC = 597 – 1755) generally predicts SOC content better than the widely-used Century model (RMSE = 2.23 – 4.8 kg, AIC = 584 – 2271), despite an increase in process complexity and number of parameters. Millennial V2 reproduces between-site variation in SOC across a gradient of plant productivity, and predicts SOC turnover times similar to those of a global meta-analysis. Millennial V2 updates the conceptual Century model pools and processes and represents our current understanding of the roles that microbial activity, mineral association and aggregation play in soil C sequestration.


Kinetic deprotonation of meso-dimethylcyclohexanones by chiral lithium amides in the presence of excess trimethylsilyl chloride afforded the corresponding silyl enol ethers in good yields and in reasonably high enantiomeric excesses


A pot experiment on soybean growth at different cadmium and phosphorus levels was conducted.The soybean was cultured at three levels of cadmium (0,5,20 mg/kg) and five levels of phosphorus (0,20,40,80,160 mg/kg) to investigate complex effects of cadmium and phosphorus on chlorophyll contents,SOD(superoxide dismutase)activities and MDA (malondialdehyde)contents in soybean leaves.And the experiment was also designed to discuss new ways to mitigate the toxicity of cadmium through phosphorus application.The results showed that cadmium addition inhibited growth of soybean;phosphorus application in the soil,however,counteracted the growth inhibition caused by cadmium to some extent.With increasing cadmium levels,chlorophyll contents and SOD activities decreased remarkably,and MDA contents increased significantly.Phosphorus application could,to some extent,heighten chlorophyll contents and SOD activities and depress MDA levels.In this experiment,80 mg/kg was the best application amount of phosphorus to the soil polluted with 5 mg/kg cadmium,and 160 mg/kg was the best application amount to the soil polluted with 20 mg/kg cadmium.So application of excess phosphorus (160 mg/kg) showed not to be more effective than others in the alleviation of cadmium toxicity to soybean.


A new-style separator of coarse coal slime and its working principles are introduced;The three dimensional inner flow field of pulsating liquid-solid fluidized bed was simulated by Fluent.The result shows that the behavior of coal particles in the separator is related to theirs density,viscosity and particle size.Under the action of ascending current,stratification and separation of coal particles quickly happened indicates that using this equipment to separate coarse slime is feasible.But there are several problems appeared during the separation course such as short circuit flow and back mixing,in order to optimize the separator,the structure of the feed tube and the water distributor must be ameliorated.


This paper proposes a voltage-sharing method for the divided capacitors of the nonisolated three-level (TL) converter, so the voltage stresses of the switches are balanced and a TL voltage waveform can be obtained. The experimental results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.


The eddy covariance(EC) technique can measure turbulent exchanges between surface and atmosphere directly,and is now used widely in all of the flux stations.Since this method is based on certain assumptions,the obtained surface fluxes are not true values if there are no necessary corrections.Recent development and some focal points of the eddy-covariance method are reviewed,and used in the processing of the data collected in Miyun station,which is one of the flux stations near Beijing.The analysis of EC data at Miyun station shows: Despiking and the sonic temperature and coordinate rotation corrections have a rather little effects on the surface sensible and latent fluxes(about 1%),however,coordinate rotation has large effect on the momentum flux.The air density correction(WPL correction) is important for water vapor and CO2 fluxes,and should be applied.The turbulent spectral checks in the data quality evaluation are satisfactory.Turbulence stationarity and integral characteristics are used in the flux data quality analysis.After rigorously data screening,the final result shows that about 75% flux data is good,and 2% flux data need to be discarded.Footprint analysis shows for all day and daytime periods,over 70% source area of the fluxes is located in the interested area(non mountainous region) with over 90% of the biggest contribution points in the area.


Sunday 7 December 1941 We heard on the wireless tonight that the Japanese have made a violent attack on the American naval base at Pearl Harbour in Hawaii and other places in the Hawaiian group of islands – American ships sunk, aircraft destroyed, heavy casualties – they are also invading Thailand and the Malay Peninsula – and all the time their Ambassador and special agent are in Washington carrying out negotiations with Roosevelt – I suppose the little swine have been preparing this coup for some considerable time – and, after all, they are only doing what they did when they fought Russia – rushing into Port Arthur and torpedoing the Russian ships before they declared war – and now they have more excuse for their methods for Hitler has used them all along in this war.


Possible worlds possess the characteristics of possibility,dependence and incompleteness,which results in the identity of transworld individual problem.Through analysis of individuals,natural kinds and the nature of scientific objects,the paper reveals that there is even serious science-based parochialism hidden in the essence of Kripke's theory.By resorting to the "essence" and "rigid designator",Kripke failed to solve the transworld individual problem,which led to "Kripke Cycle"as well as "Kripke Sampling Problem".


The purpose of the paper is to present the results of a comparative analysis of two main-line productivity measurement procedures: the American Productivity Center's total factor model, and the Ethyl Corporation's "Profitability = Productivity + Price Recovery" model. Several fundamental differences between the two approaches are identified and analyzed. As demonstrated in the paper, differences such as the method of deflation can substantially affect the proper choice of the more appropriate procedure to use in a given corporate setting.


Double layer coating with variations in layer thickness on radar absorbent material (RAM), and Polyaniline dobed by DBSA as a dielectric material has been successfully synthesized. As well as Barium M-Hexaferrite doped by Zn2+ at x=0.9 as magnetic material successfully synthesized. Polyaniline has been synthesized by polymerization method and Barium M-Hexaferrite has been synthesized by solid state method. Characterization results obtained the conductivity of Polyaniline and Barium M-Hexaferrite respectively 4.4 × 10-1 S/m and 2.09 × 10-3 S/m, both of which are in range of semiconductor materials conductivity. The presence of Zn2+ doping successfully reduced hard magnetic properties of Barium M-Hexaferrite to be soft magnetic, with coercivity field (Hc) equals 0.0181 Tesla. Based on research that has been done, represent that double layer design with variations PANi : PANi + BaM (3:1) has maximum reflection loss value about -29,6003 dB, and 96.69% of energy absorbed. Whereas in variation of PANi: PANi + BaM (3: 1) has minimum reflection loss value about -15.2937 dB, and 82.21% of energy absorbed. In addition, the coating thickness variations also affect the absorption band width, with the most effective absorption peaks in "D" variation with bandwidth equals 1.81 GHz in range of frequency 8 to 9.81 GHz.


Radio frequency (RF) screening is a practical antijamming technique. Determining screening pulse width is key to the performance of RF screening. In this article, we investigate the problem of radar screening pulsewidth allocation against a cognitive jammer, which also seeks a strategy to best jam the radar. As both the radar and the jammer are taken as intelligent agents learning to optimize their respective performance, dynamic game theory is employed and the problem is constructed as an extensive-form game. A strategy learning approach based on reinforcement learning is proposed to approximate the Nash equilibrium (NE). Simulation results verify that the proposed learning approach outperforms existing ones and that the learned strategies approximate the NE.


ABSTRACTMigration and migration inversion are the seismic processing methods for structural determination and subsequent amplitude analysis, respectively. To date, the most well-founded and physically interpretable migration method is based on predicting a coincident source and receiver experiment at depth at time equals zero. We have extended that migration method for heterogeneous media and to accommodate two-way propagation in a local sense at every point from the source to the target reflector and back from the reflector to the receiver and in a global sense, separately for each of the two legs from the source to the reflector and from the reflector to the receiver. That provides the first migration method that avoids high-frequency assumptions in the imaging principle and how it is implemented, and hence, it is equally effective at all frequencies at the target or reservoir. This advance for two-way wave propagation migration then provides a tool to quantitatively, unambiguously, and definitively def...


1395 Introduction: Mesothelin is a membrane bound glycoprotein that is over-expressed in 100% of pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Regulatory T-cells inhibit the immune response to cancer and vaccines. Here, we target mesothelin using a xenogeneic DNA vaccine in combination with anti-GITR antibody in an attempt to overcome T-reg suppression and reject pancreatic cancer. Materials and Methods: Mice were vaccinated with a gene gun and 4μg of full length human mesothelin cDNA once a week, for three weeks. Experimental groups consisted of 10-15 mice per group. Anti-GITR antibody (TolerRx/ Clone 2F8) (1mg/mouse) injections were given IP one day prior to the 2nd and 3rd vaccinations. Intradermal injections of 50,000 cells/mouse of a syngeneic murine mesothelin expressing pancreatic cell line were given 4 days after the final vaccination. Tumor free survival was measured and plotted using a Kaplan-Meier curve, and experimental groups were compared using a log-rank test. Results were considered significant when there was a p value of less than 0.05. Results: Fifty percent of mice vaccinated with mesothelin alone versus 0% of non-treated mice were tumor free 25 days after tumor injections (p


The process of aligning Serbian legislation with the legislation of the EU has stimulated the creation of a large body of specialized lexis and the modernization of the existing lexicon. In this paper, I discuss the linguistic mechanisms of contact-induced secondary term creation processes in the Serbian language within the scope of EU legislation and activities under the influence of English. Regarding the standardization of EU legislation terminology, Peruzzo (2012: 177) explores the need for the uniformity of terminology within every language in the EU. Namely, every language should be allowed 'normative flexibility' in adopting EU legislative provisions, but should also guarantee the maximum degree of uniform interpretation and the terms used should be clear, simple and precise. This means that in every EU language, consistent use of uniform terminology is of vital importance not only within a single text, but also across different texts related to the same issue. Fischer (2010: 28) observes two steps in the creation of terms in the EU: (1) terms are created in the dominating languages, predominantly in the procedural languages of English, French and German, and (2) they are translated into all other languages. She concludes that in most languages terms are created on the basis of a source term by translation, and that the creation of EU terminology can be described as a process in which (1) multilingual primary term-creation for the dominant languages is followed by (2) a secondary activity, intra-conceptual term-transfer for most other languages.


In today's hypercompetitive world, electronics manufacturing companies experience challenges to respond to increasing consumer electronics demand while combatting disruptive change in their industries. The revolution in manufacturing via Industry 4.0 has transformed the way that companies approach supply chain process to gain a stronger understanding of data efficiencies. This case study examines OptimalPlus to demonstrate how its services while tapping into today's technologies keep pace with competitors during disruptive change in the consumer electronics industry. OptimalPlus is a leader in providing the software solutions necessary for electronics manufacturers to get the most out of its supply chain process. This study explores the concept of Industry 4.0 and the benefits that manufacturers can gain from utilizing technologies. By understanding the benefits of using Industry 4.0, scholars and practitioners can better understand the way to innovate under the lens of disruptive change in the marketplace.


Optoelectronic technology has the potential for high-density information transmission and storage, both in time and space. However, the ultimate speed of information transmission-storage systems is believed to be limited mainly by the performance of photonic and electronic devices. The smaller optical loss against the gain is required for high efficiency and stable operation of semiconductor lasers, and larger field-induced refractive-index variation is required for high-speed optical switches, but these optical properties are limited by the nature of carriers in bulk crystals. Thus, some effort has been made to attain superior device performance with novel material systems by using the quantum-size effect. In this paper recent research on lasers and photonic switches based on the quantum size effect are reviewed relative to high-speed information systems. First, the theoretical background of optical properties in quantum size structures is reviewed, and expected improvements in device performance caused by the increase of the dimension of quantization from quantum-film to quantum-box structure will be discussed fsom the aspect of high-speed systems. Second, experiments toward the quantum-wire and quantum-box lasers and optical waveguide switch/modulators utilizing quantum size effects are reviewed. Finally, some basic studies on electronic devices that use quantum size effects are reviewed in relation to highspeed electronics.


The public sphere is where citizens can come together to discuss issues of public concern and attempt to influence the political handling of these. Social media and online discussion forums have created new arenas where citizens can participate in the public debate. Discussions found in these arenas, however, seldom hold deliberative qualities. This paper examines how one increasingly complex and controversial issue – immigration – is discussed in Scandinavian newspapers' comment sections. It does so through a case study of discussions about the arrival of Syrian refugees to the three nation-states. Rather than evaluating the deliberative functions of these discussions, the paper asks how the rhetorical situation influences how attitudes are expressed, and how these utterances in turn function in the particular situation. The analysis finds that similar rhetorical practices are performed independent of the national context, suggesting that the individual speaker's rhetorical latitude is contingent upon the issue and the arena. The ways in which these practices are performed, however, differ between the three national contexts, suggesting that the cultural context in which the discussion takes place also influences the individual speaker's rhetorical latitude.


This version of the paper should be considered as an announcement of results, it is incomplete and we present sketches of proofs.
We describe a topological method to study dynamics with rapidly oscillating vector fields. As an example we apply the technique to the Burgers equation with nonautonomous forcing and the periodic boundary conditions. We prove that for large initial condition integral the equation admits a globally attracting solution defined on the real line. We show that the technique applies to 2D Navier-Stokes equations.


The metabolic rate of normally fed harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) was measured during starvation and the subsequent refeeding period. Resting metabolic rate was calculated from the y-intercept of the metabolic rate versus swimming speed curves and was 20% lower during the starvation period than during normal feeding. During starvation, about 50% of mass loss was fat, i.e., 77% of the energy was obtained from fat. Metabolic rate returned to the initial value about 1 week after the onset of refeeding.


A 350GHz 4 × 4 element heterodyne focal plane array using SIS detectors is presently being constructed for the JCMT. The construction is being carried out by a collaborative group led by the MRAO, part of the Astrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, in conjunction with the UK-Astronomy Technology Centre (UK-ATC), The Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (HIA) and the Joint Astronomy Center (JAC). The Delft Institute of Microelectronics & Sub-micron Technology (DIMES) is fabricating junctions for the SIS mixers that have been designed at MRAO. Working in conjunction with the 'ACSIS' correlator & imaging system, HARP-B will provide 3-dimensional imaging capability with high sensitivity at 325 to 375GHz. This will be the first sub-mm spectral imaging system on JCMT - complementing the continuum imaging capability of SCUBA - and affording significantly improved productivity in terms of speed of mapping. The core specification for the array is that the combination of the receiver noise temperature and beam efficiency, weighted optimally across the array will be <330K SSB for the central 20GHz of the tuning range. In technological terms, HARP-B synthesizes a number of interesting and innovative features across all elements of the design. This paper presents both a technical and organizational overview of the HARP-B project and gives a description of all of the key design features of the instrument. 'First light' on the instrument is currently anticipated in spring 2004.


The article looks at the problems involved in understanding Laforgue's poetry and asks whether these difficulties are, as has been claimed, symptoms of a universe slipping towards chaos or whether the meaninglessness is more apparent than real. It argues that the building-blocks of Laforgue's poetic language are the letters of the alphabet which are combined and recycled like atoms. Thus, Laforgue is able to create new words such as'violupte'by breaking up and re-using existing ones. Language is imbued with change -so that it can adapt itself to convey new meanings. Change, therefore, is not totally negative. It is a movement in time that does more than tear down: it permits the recycling, the making new of what has gone before so that something of value can be handed on. Laforgue's extensive use of the intertext is part of this for it represents a renewal of tradition. Laforgue, then, uses protean, shifting language to construct a poetic artefact that will communicate meaning and preserve it for the future.


Supply chain management has attracted much attention from both practitioners and researchers. With the scope of this paper, 3 first-level indices and 9 second-level indices were chosen to construct a supply chain management performance evaluation indices system on the basis of research both domestic and international on supply chain management. Analytic network process (ANP) was adopted to model a multi- criteria supply chain management performance evaluation indices system with dependence and feedback. Due to complexity in evaluating supply chain management indices system, it is difficult for decision-makers to provide exact numerical values for the factors. Therefore, a fuzzy ANP method was taken to calculate the weights of factors and sub-factors of the model, which can solve problems in an uncertain condition effectively.


Cardiovascular diseases are major causes of mortality in chronic renal failure patients before and after renal transplantation. Among them, coronary disease presents a special emphasis. Predictors of risk for coronary heart disease have been used for its challenging diagnosis. The current paper aimed to update about physiopathology, diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic management of coronary heart disease in chronic kidney disease.


Study design, materials and methods Forty consecutive women referred for advanced pelvic organ prolapse between November 2008 and May 2009 underwent a pelvic examination by the same pelvic reconstructive surgeon with a full bladder and after spontaneous voiding. The degree of pelvic organ prolapse was assessed using the POP-Q system. Bladder volume was assessed using a bladder scan. All POP-Q parameters before and after urination were compared using a paired student ttest.


To study the effects of glutaraldehyde on human RBC,RBC brittleness test and hemoglobin release test(HRT)were used to study the membrane fragility and hemoglobin release of RBC treated with 0.25,0.125,0.01,0.075%,0.05,0.025mL/L glutaraldehyde respectivly.The results showed that the brittleness of RBC was not changed significantly,but the hemoglobin release was decreased with increased concentrations of glutaraldehyde.So the hemoglobin release of RBC can be significantly reduced by glutaraldehyde.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for detecting whether an object to be worn, such as a predetermined uniform, helmet or glove, is worn or not, without wrong determination nor malfunction, and to provide a safety system utilizing the method. SOLUTION: On an object to be worn on a body Bd, such as a uniform or a helmet, a transmitter S and receivers R1 and R2, using the body as the data transmission channel, are arranged, and when the object is properly worn on the body Bd, the transmitter S and the receivers R1 and R2 perform communication with each other through the body Bd, thereby detecting that the object is not worn or not properly worn based on receiving states of the receivers R1 and R2. COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT


In order to reduce the time complexity and improve the efficiency of the OBB Collision Detection Algorithm,an object-oriented OBB collision detection algorithm and traversal tracing strategy are proposed.The improved OBB collision detection algorithm tests this object's collision with the other objects in the scene only when the location or direction is changed,and the traversal tracing strategy tracks t model's last traversal process in the object tree,which can remove duplication of traversal process,to identify the current path.The experiment result shows that improved algorithm can detect the collision efficiently and quickly between the complex solid objects.


The purpose of the study was to examine the human resource architecture with employee's productivity of chemical industries of Nooriabad. The purpose of the organization is big or small formation that with specific intent has created to achieve a specific goal. Enterprise architecture is a set of principles, rules, standards and guidelines that led the design of all components of the organization and how the relationships between these components. The method of the study was the descriptive survey and correlational study. The population of the study was employees of the chemical industries of Nooriabad. The sample size of the study was 200 from the whole population of employees. A simple random sample technique was used for data collection. Questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection and data were analyzed in SPSS Software. The result shows that there is a significant relationship between human resources architecture and its dimensions with labor productivity with the help of Person correlation test, Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government Vol. 27, No. 2,2021 https://cibg.org.au/ P-ISSN: 2204-1990; E-ISSN: 1323-6903 DOI: 10.47750/cibg.2021.27.02.587 5848 univariate and multivariate regression Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) has the greatest impact on labor productivity and then value-based human resources management has the greatest impact on labor productivity of Chemical industries.


A method for controlling the threshold voltage of a semiconductor element having at least a semiconductor as a component is characterized in including a process to measure one of a threshold voltage and a characteristic value serving as an index for the threshold voltage; a process to determine one of the irradiation intensity, irradiation time, and wavelength of the light for irradiating the semiconductor based on one of the measured threshold voltage and the measured characteristic value serving as the index for the threshold voltage; and a process to irradiate light whose one of the irradiation intensity, irradiation time, and wavelength has been determined onto the semiconductor; wherein the light irradiating the semiconductor is a light having a longer wavelength than the wavelength of the absorption edge of the semiconductor, and the threshold voltage is changed by the irradiation of the light.


A continuous spray button assembly of the type primar ily used in conjunction with an aerosol dispenser and comprising a button contained within a tubular sleeve. The button and sleeve are rigidly press-fitted over the stem and turret of the valve, respectively. In one em bodiment, two upstanding arms are disposed at the upper end of the sleeve. The button is pushed between the upstanding arms which lock the button into a tilted position thereby actuating the tilt valve and dispensing the product. By pushing the button in the reverse direc tion, the upstanding arms release the button located therebetween to deactuate the tilt valve and terminate dispensing of the product.


Recruitment of marine fishes is largely determined by biological and environmental factors acting on early‐life stages. Subtle changes in larval condition in response to their environment can result in order‐of‐magnitude differences in year‐class‐strength. Overlap of larval production and favorable feeding conditions drives recruitment for many temperate marine fishes, but challenges associated with studying marine larvae have made it difficult to assess how environmental processes act on individual larvae to affect their growth and survival. We conducted a 2‐yr study in an upwelling system to assess the influence of regional productivity, temperature, and larval condition in explaining growth in rockfishes (Sebastes spp.). We employed otolith microstructure and satellite imagery to measure initial larval growth and estimate the productivity and temperature experienced by individuals to determine their relative importance in subsequent growth at metamorphosis. We compared model performance using indexed environmental conditions scaled over three different regions. In both years, net primary productivity explained the most variation in pre‐metamorphic growth relative to temperature and initial growth. This relationship was consistent across spatial regions, although model fit was highest using indices scaled to the south continental shelf region. Recent settlement, juvenile recruitment, and individual growth were significantly higher in a year when productivity bloomed earlier and individual larvae experienced higher levels of productivity. Thus, this link between regional scale productivity, growth, and subsequent year‐class strength supports the hypothesis that large‐scale oceanographic processes stimulating upwelling and secondary production are primary drivers of larval growth and recruitment in rockfishes.


Award of damages as a relief in trademark infringement, has increasingly assumed importance in the modernized economies of the world; though grant of punitive damages is more recent. Initially, in order to restrain infringers, the courts usually granted injunction and in rare cases, granted damages. Damages are awarded to monetarily compensate the aggrieved party that has suffered injury. However, with increasing instances of piracy and growth of counterfeit goods, the courts have come to realize that awarding punitive damages may be a necessary deterrent to protect the interest of trademark holders. This article compares the principles governing damages in trademark infringement in United Kingdom, European Union, and United States of America while rendering an insight into the principle of damages as conceived under the Indian trademark law.


To explore men's experiences of relationship with mothers-in-law, this study conducted a qualitative study using grounded theory. The data were collected from 15 participants and analyzed into 111 concepts, 25 sub-categories and 11 categories. The results showed that the core category was 'the visitors for centuries become a true family through hard and uncomfortable relationship" The sons-in-law and mothers-in-law relationship was classified into 4 types; 'welcomed guest for centuries', 'my true beloved son', 'butler', and 'uninvited guest'. The results are expected to be a basic data to develop sons and mothers-in-law relationship and prevent the dissolution of family by alleviating the conflicts of sons and mothers-in-law. * 이 논문은 2013년도 정부(교육부)의 재원으로 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 연구되었음 (NRF-2013S1A5A8022074) 한국가족관계학회지 제19권 4호, 2015, pp. 165-187 166 한국가족관계학회지 제19권 4호 주제어(Key words): 사위(son-in-law), 장모(mother-in-law), 장서관계(relationship of mother-in-law and son-in-law), 양계사회(bilateral society), 근거이론(grounded theory)


The polysaccharide was extracted by water extraction and alcohol precipitation method from "deer tripe mushroom," which was domesticated and bred from wild Auricularia delicata in Zambia. The structure of the deer tripe mushroom polysaccharide (DTMP) was characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and other analytical techniques. And the rheological and gel properties and antioxidant capacities of the polysaccharide were studied. The results showed that DTMP was mainly composed of mannose, fructose, glucose, and galacturonic acid, of which the galacturonic acid was the main component. By calculation, the molar ratio of mannose : fructose : glucose : galactoacid in DTMP is 0.8 : 14.8 : 1.0 : 26.32. The polysaccharide was mainly composed by α-1,4-glycosidic bond. DTMP solution showed a shear-thinning (pseudoplastic) behaviour, and its pseudoplasticity was more obvious at a concentration of 2%. The power law model was used to evaluate the viscosity curves of DTMP, and its viscosity and consistency indices both increased as the concentration increased, whereas both indices decreased as the concentration decreased. The viscosity of the polysaccharide solution changed as the pH changed: the polysaccharide solutions had a higher viscosity at pH = 10. DTMP showed gel-like behaviour (G′ > G″), and the gel strength enhanced with the increase of concentration (2%–10%). In addition, the antioxidant experiment of DTMP showed that it had good antioxidant activity, and there was a significant dose-effect relationship between its activity and concentration in the low concentration range.


To provide a flat type image display apparatus, using available having a sufficiently low electric field electron emission cathode material, so that the control electrode current is reduced to a minimum to improve the efficiency of the electrode, and so that the flat-panel image display device is easily produced. Made of a structure that is formed on substantially the same plane as the first panel in the control electrode 7 and the cathode 4, comprising a plurality of pixels not including a plane parallel to the phosphor screen panel of a cathode 4 and the control electrode 7 on the control electrode 7 is electrically connected to the control electrodes 6 are connected together.


The basic data obtained in this research for single element performance were directly applied to the design of injector head(7 elements). Designed performance of the 7-element Swirl Coaxial injector was sea level thrust with 20bar combustion chamber pressure. Numerical analysis were performed to obtain the change of spray pattern for the design of injector head, and we confirmed the feasibility and application of those results. Hot tests were performed for the multi-element injector to compare with the performance of the single element injector and those can be applied to the design of scaled liquid rocket engine. The basic data obtained in this research can be directly applied to the real liquid rocket injector design.


The inversion of seismic observations leads to maps of the interior of the Earth that can be interpreted. Regions of low seismic velocity have historically been interpreted to be due to factors related to high‐temperature and high‐melt retention. Subsequently, geodynamic models can be used to test such interpretations. However, the inversions are nonunique, and arguably, it would be best to test geodynamic scenarios against observations rather than interpretations. Here we make a first attempt at this. At depths greater than 80 km below Réunion, a low shear‐wave velocity zone is imaged. Rather than interpret this inverted model, we test a forward model of melt generation and retention against seismic observations. Geodynamic model solutions are converted with a mineral parameter database to P wave and S wave velocity profiles from various initial temperatures T, upwelling velocities v‾ , and permeabilities k0. By embedding these velocity profiles, synthetic seismograms are generated. For a range of k0, T, and v‾ , we generate synthetic traces for 21 teleseismic events registered at a receiver on Réunion island. We measure the traveltime difference between observed and synthetic waveforms and the interphase differential travel times for 210 scenarios for several phase arrivals of three components, filtered between 0.01 and 0.2 Hz. The results indicate that upper mantle temperatures beneath Réunion lie within 1400–1450 °C, with permeability coefficients of 10−5–10−6 m2. These conditions are associated with porosities of <0.28% and high‐melt extraction rates of 8.37–18.35 m·year−1. This study demonstrates the potential for fully comparing geodynamic scenarios with seismic observations.


The article includes an exposition of customary law relevant to guardianship as an incident of the customary law of a parent and child, and the different classes of children considered in the light of such principles, of court decisions, and of legislation.


A proceedings of WOCMAP III : the IIIrd World Congress on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Perspectives in natural product chemistry, Chiang Mai, Thailand, February 3-7, 2003 , A proceedings of WOCMAP III : the IIIrd World Congress on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Perspective... , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی


In this paper, the design of parallel-connected dc-ac converters using sliding mode controller with GM(1,1) model is presented. AC output voltage regulation and balanced current-sharing among the parallel modules is achieved by means of sliding mode control (SMC). But, the chattering around the sliding surface exists when the system uncertainties values are overestimated. This may excite the unmodelled high-frequency dynamics of the system and imperil system. In order to overcome the chattering, GM(1,1) model is used to estimate the system uncertainties boundaries. A low distorted sinusoidal output voltage can be obtained even though at the nonlinear load conditions because SMC with GM(1,1) model provides the excellent performances, such as fast dynamics response, robustness to system uncertainties, and reduced chattering. Simulation results are performed to verify this proposed control scheme.


Different social and psychological variables has been identified in previous studies leading to understand the tourist's behavior and intentions to visit a destination. However, tourism literature does not have a combined list of these constructs for predicting such intentions. Understanding these constructs can provide guidelines for tourism's stakeholders to attract tourists to a specific destination. This review identifies the variables that provoke the intentions of tourists to visit a destination. A systematic literature review methodology has been adopted, focusing on conference papers published during the last six year on tourism research. The study uncovered six essential constructs, namely: Satisfaction, Destination Attractions, Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC), Perceived Risk, Perceived Value, and Experience. A metamodel has been designed revealing the relationship among the aforementioned constructs. Moreover, the findings show that tourist's satisfaction, experience and destination attractions creates positive intentions to visit a destination or recommend it to others.


This article explores challenges in starting, developing, and incorporating partnerships between the secondary and postsecondary education sectors. We use qualitative data from site visits at high schools, district offices, and state colleges across six Florida counties to identify the types of challenges educators faced in various phases of partnership around college readiness. Then we provide empirical evidence to support a conceptual framework based on a partnership model, which demonstrates that social capital and organizational capital are needed to create "partnership capital" to initiate and sustain cross-sector partnerships. We find that whereas considerable collaborative resources are available to help higher performing students prepare for selective universities, there is much less collaboration around improving college readiness among students who lack the requisite skills.


Objective To explore the effect of different pressure of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on postoperative shoulder pain occurred following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods Patients admitted in this department of surgery for selective cholecystectomy were enrolled in this study.These patients were divided into two groups(group A and group B).In group A(n = 50),patients were operated under low pressure pneumoperitoneum(8 ~ 9 mmHg).In group B(n = 50),patients were operated under standard pressure pneumoperitoneum(13-14 mmHg).Postoperative shoulder pain was assessed at 8h,24 h and 48 h by the Visual Analogue scale of pain.Results The number of postoperative shoulder pain in group A is less than group B,and the mean intensity of postoperative shoulder pain in group A was less than that of group B.Conclusion Low pressure laparoscopic cholecystectomy can significantly decrease the frequency and intensity of postoperative shoulder pain compared to standard pressure pneumoperitoneum.


Contemporary Review, Feb 2000 "Some superb insights into different aspects of this question." "a most interesting and informative collection of essays...it would certainly be of use to anyone undertaking research related to the areas of nationalism and/or masculinity in sport - two areas that directly relate to the organisation and management of sport." European Sport Management Quarterly


This paper studies an adaptive CDMA/PRMA protocol for satellite LEO systems. The new protocol is called S-CDMA/PRMA (satellite-code division multiple access/packet reservation multiple access). The goal is to integrate several types of traffic (voice, file transfer and Web) on the channel. This leads to a service multiplexing and resource allocation study. New permission probability control functions are defined to give priority to voice traffic in order to guarantee its QoS. As a first step, we propose an analytical model for voice and file transfer data to calculate their performance. As Web traffic is very complicated to be studied analytically, we studied it by simulation. A simulation multiplexing several traffic types is also presented. The essential performance parameters are the loss probability for voice users and the waiting time for data users.


This study investigates the effects of replacement of sucrose by maltitol on the quality properties of rose apple jams. Three jam formulations were developed, the traditional jam formulation containing sucrose (T1, control), jam formulation prepared by partially (50%, T2) and fully (100%, T3) replacing sucrose with maltitol. The nutritional composition, antioxidant, color, texture, and sensory characteristics were determined. The finding revealed that total sugars and energy value of the T3 jam were significantly reduced compared with those of the T1 jam (P<0.05). The energy value of T3 jam was decreased by 35% in relative to T1 jam. The water activity (aw) and total soluble solids (TSS) content of jams were in the range of 0.76-0.81, and 67-70°Brix, respectively. Partially (T2) and fully (T3) replacing sucrose with maltitol in jams significantly increased the aw (P<0.05). The use of maltitol significantly increased the lightness (L*) value and reduced the redness (a*) of the jams (P<0.05), but minimally altered jam's yellowness (b*). The antioxidant, texture, and sensorial properties showed slightly variations between the prepared jams. Overall, the experimental findings verify the prospects of maltitol as a sweetener in the jam product.


Numerous academic studies point out the detrimental effects of large acquisitions on the performance of acquirers, often concluding that companies rarely recognize the revenue and cost synergies that they hope to attain with an acquisition. Concurrently, a number of finance professionals propose that investment bankers tend to maintain extreme optimism about the value of acquisitions. Thus, in study I ask the following research question: Are individuals with work experience in investment banking more likely to participate in M&A activity than their non-banking peers? Specifically, I test whether the executives (specifically CFOs) of publicly traded technology companies with investment banking work experience are more likely to make acquisitions than their peers who have never worked in transaction advisory. I predict that CFOs with backgrounds in investment banking are more likely to participate in M&A activity due to the confidence they possess in their ability to realize merger synergies. I find evidence indicating that firms with CFOs with work experience in the investment banking industry make more acquisitions than firms that have CFOs with no investment banking work experience. That is, CFOs with investment banking work experience make twice as many acquisitions as firms that have CFOs with no investment banking experience. **I would like to thank my thesis advisor, Sam Melessa, Ph.D., for his assistance throughout this project. Additionally, I would like to thank Jon Garfinkel, Ph.D., Jue Wang, and Alanson Tobias for their support in my data retrieval and analysis.


In-silico studies are used for the prediction of the properties of several novel materials using computer simulation technique. The present study describes the complete description of the molecular vibrations and electronic feature of the title compound by this technique. 7-(4-nitrophenyl)benzo[6,7]chromeno[3,2-e]pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-6(7H)-one was prepared by the multicomponent reaction of 2H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidine-2,4(3H)-dione, 2-naphthol and p-nitrobenzaldehyde. The structure of the compound was confirmed by UV, IR, NMR (1H, 13C) and mass spectroscopic studies. The compound was further subjected to quantum chemical calculations at the level of Hartee-Fock (HF) method using Lan2DZ basis set to compute polarizability, hyperpolarizabilities, AIM approach, Natural bond orbital analysis, complete vibrational assignments, Mulliken charges, spectral analysis and HOMO-LUMO energies


INFECTIONS ACQUIRED in hospitals and care homes can complicate illnesses, cause distress to patients and their families and have serious economic consequences. NHS Plus, which provides an occupational health service to staff in the NHS and the independent sector, reports that 15 per cent of hospitalacquired infections are preventable. It is not surprising then that infection control management and training has a high profile in the healthcare sector. The educational services group Protocol brings together training materials, students and assessors to enable healthcare staff to acquire quickly and efficiently the necessary knowledge and skills to minimise infections.


This study was carried out to investigate the effects of various salts on the physical and fermentative characteristics of doughs and on the quality of white pan breads produced using purified salt, Korean solar salt, Chinese solar salt, Mexican solar salt, washed and dehydrated salt, roasted salt, and bamboo salt. In farinogram patterns, dough prepared using the purified salt had the highest water absorption. Extensograms showed that the resistances and resistance/extensibility ratios of the doughs with the solar salts were higher than those with the purified salt. In amylograms, the dough with the bamboo salt had the highest viscosity value. A specific volume was the smallest in the bread with the Korean solar salt (4.11 mL/g), while the largest with the Mexican solar salt (4.85 mL/g). A baking loss rate of the bread prepared with the Korean solar salt (10.34%) was less compared to other samples (10.91~11.65%). The crust of the bread added with the Korean solar salt showed higher L value and lower a value while its crumb showed the highest b value. A sensory evaluation indicated that significant differences in some characteristics of the breads were observed in the breads prepared with the Korean solar salt and Mexican solar salt. However, flavor, taste, and overall acceptability showed no significant differences among all breads prepared with different salts.


We start these Highlights with a perspective on psychiatry. In 2012, The World Health Organization developed its QualityRights initiative, together with an accompanying Tool Kit. It sought to translate international human right standards – in particular, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) – into practice. In 2019, training material was published to support the initiative, but the negative portrayal of psychiatry is a cause of concern raised in an editorial by Hoare and Duffy (pp. 240–242). They argue that psychiatrists implement coercive practices as a last resort, after a careful weighing of the risks and benefits and extensive discussion with the individual receiving treatment and their family. Although the QualityRights initiative has a lot going for it, the finer points may need to be more subtly nuanced.


This paper investigates an event-triggered output feedback control problem with guaranteed tracking performance for microelectromechanical system (MEMS) gyroscope subject to the lumped disturbances, including parameter uncertainties, coupling between driving mode and sensing mode, and unknown external disturbances. Firstly, to make the system output tracking errors evolve within the predetermined performance envelopes, a prescribed performance control (PPC) is employed in our controller design, such that a prescribed trajectory tracking with preselected settling time and steady-state tracking accuracy can be ensured. Besides, to simultaneously realize disturbance rejection and estimation of the immeasurable velocity state, linear extended state observers (LESOs) are designed to reconstruct the lumped disturbances and immeasurable velocity states for both MEMS gyroscope driving and sensing modes. In general, excessively energy and resource consumption are fundamentally neglected in most of the existing output feedback controllers for MEMS gyroscope, which will dramatically reduce the operational time of the close-loop system. To address this problem, we embed a fixed threshold event-triggered mechanism into the controller design procedure, such that the communication data size can be drastically reduced without sacrificing the tracking accuracy. Finally, to obtain the close-loop stability for MEMS gyroscope, robust control laws are designed to compensate for the measurement error and estimation error, meanwhile Zeno phenomena can be effectively eliminated. The simulation results and comparisons validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.


Abstract : The primary objective of NORDA's Ka-band Radiometric Mapping System (KRMS) program is to provide basic research needed for Navy development of an operational imaging system that can produce detailed information concerning ice conditions over broad regions of the Arctic. To this end, methods suitable for automated identification and classification of sea ice types and open water are being developed. An experimental plan has been formulated that will lead to an automated system that will provide real-time ice classification information onboard Navy aircraft. This report represents completion of the initial state of this plan. During March 1983 extensive high-quality KRMS imagery and coincident high-resolution photography were obtained of ice in the Beaufort Sea. Analysis of these data suggests that four classes of winter surfaces can be distinguished solely on the basis on Ka-band brightness temperature: open water, frazil, old ice, and young/first year ice. New ice (excluding frazil) and nilas display brightness temperatures that overlap the range of temperatures characteristic of old ice and young/first year ice. Scenes in which new ice or nilas are present in appreciable amounts are subject to substantial errors in classification. Textural characteristics of nilas and new ice, however, differ significantly from textural features characteristic of other ice types and probably can be used with brightness temperature data to classify single-band microwave images.


Radiative heat transfer between materials with dielectric coatings is numerically studied based on the fluctuational electrodynamics and the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. The results show that whereas a dielectric coating (SiC) enhances the far-field radiative heat transfer between two bulk metals, it will suppress the radiative heat transfer in the near-field and the suppression is only for the s-wave contribution. The total radiative heat flux continuously decreases as the coating thickness increases up to 1 μm. A further increase in the coating thickness will cause the total radiative heat flux to increase slightly before it saturates. In addition, a much smaller coating thickness than the coating's skin depth is enough to significantly change the total radiative heat flux in the near-field region. On the contrary, a thin dielectric coating that supports surface polaritons can greatly enhance the radiative heat transfer between a metal and a dielectric in the case that the coating is on the metal. The large enhancement is due to surface polaritons excited on the two surfaces of the air gap boundaries.Copyright © 2008 by ASME


The recent cosmic microwave background data from the Planck satellite experiment, when combined with Hubble Space Telescope determinations of the Hubble constant, are compatible with a larger, nonstandard number of relativistic degrees of freedom at recombination, parametrized by the neutrino effective number ${N}_{\text{eff}}$. In the curvaton scenario, a larger value for ${N}_{\text{eff}}$ could arise from a nonzero neutrino chemical potential connected to residual neutrino isocurvature density (NID) perturbations after the decay of the curvaton field, the component of which is parametrized by the amplitude ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{\mathrm{NID}}$. Here we present new constraints on ${N}_{\text{eff}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{\mathrm{NID}}$ from an analysis of recent cosmological data. We find that the $\text{Planck}+\mathrm{WMAP}$ polarization data set does not show any indication of a NID component (severely constraining its amplitude), and that current indications for a nonstandard ${N}_{\text{eff}}$ are further relaxed.


In the second of our two articles focusing on the war in Iraq, Richard Ryder looks at a range of possible justifications, and finds them all wanting.


This paper analyses the power line carrier communication channel characteristics,presents channel model,the spreading of the anti-jamming communications technology features,a spread spectrum technology modulation system simulation model,designes the lighting control system hardware circuit.It shows the lighting control system communication protocol,developes the lighting control system software,demonstrats the lighting control system for the testing laboratory.


We prove the existence of integral canonical models of Shimura varieties of preabelian type with respect to primes of characteristic at least 5.


A dual-channel aerosol sampler was recently designed and manufactured by the Group in the Division of Atmospheric Environmental Sciences,CRE,UCAS. It is available to collecting the aerosol sample of TSP,PM 10,or PM 2. 5 via switching the particle size selector easily. The flow rate of each channel of the sampler is accurately controlled by proportional valve,flow sensor,and single chip microcomputer and automatically corrected by pressure and temperature compensating. The application of advanced single chip microcomputer control and LCD Panel technique greatly optimized its operation interface making its function control and parameter display panel conveniently. In addition,the meteorological parameters of temperature,atmospheric pressure,relative humidity,wind direction and speed are also measured by this sampler. This sampler has already been applied in a sampling campaign during( from 12thAugust to 23thAugust,2011) and after( from 24thAugust to 4thSeptember,2011) the 2011 Shenzhen UNIVERSIADE. Results obtained from this sampler and commercialized sampler( Thermo2300) are analysed indicating that our aerosol sampler has stable and reliable performance( r 0. 99).


Natural suitability and restriction of human settlements is the important factors to determine geography population distribution.According to most research efforts are laying emphasis on evaluation studies of urban human environment,and the deficiency pattern of qualitatively research method,this paper mainly constructs geography spatial evaluation system by RS and GIS.It researches the general status of 21 cities or states in Sichuan province from the view of middle scale and natural suitability,and makes analysis and evaluation on it,which reveal the evolution characteristics and results of human settlements..


As a starting point I intend to solve different controversies involved with the conditional exercise in the training stages as: What role does physical conditioning in the training of athletes? Is it a notable component for the subsequent player? Is it convenient to conduct training planning?
The physical conditioning or the physical preparation in the sensitive stages or training, is often neglected by the lack of knowledge, the search for immediate achievements with which very soon will harm the future players. We will clarify the damage that this type of training can bring to the future athlete. It will be announced the benefit of planning the training following a systematic process where the distribution of loads for a good physical preparation is taken into account. We will be able to know the different particularities when training the different physical capacities, keeping in mind the age, the stage of growth, for a good development in the sensitive phases of the player. We will take into account the principle of gradualness of loads, which is not always well approached and applied in the class of sports training; By the trainers of the areas and in the different centers of high performance, specifically the dosage or treatment of such loads, because, it is not planned by its fundamental components. The basis of this deficiency lies in the lack of knowledge that sports training contains special didactics, where they combine with biological and formative factors.


Abstract Pollucite is a silicate mineral of the rare element caesium, occurring in granitic pegmatites. Experiments have been carried out at 450, 600, and 750°C, 1.5 kbar, to study the equilibrium between pollucite, albite and the co-existing hydrothermal solution. When pollucite co-exists with albite, the alkaline composition of the solution is buffered. The Cs/Na ratio of the solution has been determined to be 0.11 at 450°C 0.22 at 600°C and 0.23 at 750°C. Pollucite contains about 15 mol.% of sodium, whereas albite is almost purely sodic. In nature, pollucite with more than 82 mol.% caesium has never been found. This can be explained by the absence of solutions in granitic pegmatites having a higher Cs/Na ratio than those determined by us.


Pantograph maintenance has been a long standing issue for overhead electric train networks. Damaged pantographs can cause overhead wiring tear-downs resulting in lengthy network delays, costly infrastructure and rolling stock repairs and presenting serious safety concerns. As such, timely and costly manual inspections are employed to ensure the satisfactory condition of pantograph heads. Despite this, damaged and worn pantographs still cause high-profile dewirement incidents for major rail operators worldwide. Automatic condition monitoring of pantograph heads is a technical challenge which until recently has not been resolved to a satisfactory level. This paper details the development of a Pantograph Condition Monitoring System (PCMS) that accurately and reliably monitors the state of carbon strips and pantograph heads on electrified trains whilst they are in motion at mainline speeds. This paper presents an in depth look at the PCMS and the image processing technology behind the system. It also details the engineering challenges faced and the results that have been achieved during the Sydney Trains project to deliver the technology. It specifies how the system is being used in the Sydney network to prevent potential overhead wiring tear-downs and reduce maintenance requirements. The PCMS is a new and innovative technology that is one of few systems worldwide with its capabilities and is being effectively used to improve efficiency and reliability.


Efforts to extract energy from the ocean's thermal gradients by means of closed-cycle Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) plants require very large heat exchangers. The sea water passing through these will be heated (or cooled) by only a few degrees. Under these conditions it is feared that biological fouling (biofouling) may seriously impede heat transfer unless appropriate measures are taken. There exists surprisingly little data on biofouling under conditions approximating those expected to exist in an OTEC heat exchanger. For these reasons we have undertaken a study of biofouling in simulated OTEC heat exchangers. Currently, the effect of fouling on the heat transfer coefficient is being investigated as a function of the material used and water velocity. Next, the effectiveness of several means of biofouling prevention will be determined. Later stages of the study will include investigation of variation with a number of other phenomena important to OTEC design and operation.


Nowadays we can observe more and more sophisticated procedures to extract emotions from a speech signal and to classify them. Emotional speech recognition can be separated as following: select/build a speech data collection, extract features from the speech signal and select/build a classifier algorithm. This article will give an overview of the stateof-the-art in the field, will bring out what are the most important features to be taken into account for each steps of emotions recognition and will give an account of the lacunas in this field. The most important finding is the lack of data for research on spontaneous/real-life speech, both in terms of data collections and features.


Objective To systematically review the common side effects incidence rate of stereotactic body radiotherapy treatment in non-small cell lung cancer patients.Methods Data was from electronic databases at home and abroad such as:Medline,Pubmed,EBSCO;Chinese Journal Fulltext Database(CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database(CBM)and Wan Fang DATA,and the retrieval time was February 2014.Then related literature data described the common side effects after the stereotactic radiotherapy was screened.A proportion meta analysis across the studies was performed for the side effects incidence after stereotactic radiotherapy with the use of R software.Results Twelve retrospective studies and fifteen prospective studies were included,the common side effects concluded radiation pneumonitis,chest wall pain and rib fractures.Their incidences were respectively 18.24%[95%CI(13.24%~24.59%)],18.67% [95%CI(13.77%~24.11%)],12.45%[95%CI(7.28%~20.47%)].Conclusion Common side effects after stereotactic radiotherapy are mainly of radiation pneumonitis,chest wall pain,rib fractures,which should be taken into consideration to reduce the incidence and improve the prognosis of patients while planning the medical plan.


"Printed from the phonographic report of J. M. W. Yerrinton, revised and enlarged by Mr. Phillips."
The removal of Loring was sought because of his decision returning Anthony Burns to slavery.
Also available in digital form on the Library of Congress Web site.
A digital reproduction made from a copy held by the University of Michigan is available from the University of Michigan's Making of America Web site.


A new integrated method is presented to recognize the emotional expressions of human using both voices and facial expressions. For voices, we use such prosodic parameters as pitch signals, energy, and their derivatives, which are trained by hidden Markov model for recognition. For facial expressions, we use feature parameters from thermal images in addition to visible images, which are trained by neural networks for recognition. The thermal images are observed by infrared ray which is not influenced by lighting conditions. The total recognition rates show better performance than that obtained from each single experiment. The results are compared with the recognition by human questionnaire.


This paper describes methods to optimise robot applications in automation systems. These methods can be used during system planning or as a tool to improve existing systems. Based on an optimisation model which describes the kinematic of the used robot and the task the robot has to perform, the algorithm adapts robot configurations and robot positions to this task so that minimal cycle time is possible


ABSTRACT The anastomosis groups 3 and 4 (AG-3 and AG-4) of the fungus Rhizoctonia solani are important groups associated with potatoesworldwide. In Brazil, the AG-3 is reported affecting mainly potatoesand tobacco. The AG-4 cause considerable losses in crops of economicimportance, such as soybean, beans and peanuts and may also occurin vegetables such as spinach, pepper, broccoli, tomatoes, potatoesand fruit such as melons. The association of R. solani with invasiveplants was recently established in potato production areas fromBrasilia, DF. However, there is no information about the etiology ofthe pathogen as well as the role of invasive species as alternativehosts in the life cycle of the pathogen. The objective of this studywas to characterize isolates of R. solani obtained from potatoes andthree other invasive plant species associated with areas of potatoproduction: Shoo-fly plant [ Nicandra physaloides


The research on dull PVC series products with polymerization degree 800~4 000 conducted by the PVC Plant of Wuhan Xianglong Electric Co.,Ltd.was discussed.The experiments and application works conducted both by the PVC Plant and PVC processing Plant were summarized.


On the work of Andrzej Ehrenfeucht in model theory.- Syntax vs. semantics on finite structures.- Expressive power of unary counters.- Some strange quantifiers.- Pebble games in model theory.- An interpretive isomorphism between binary and ternary relations.- Vagueness - A rough set view.- Ehrenfeucht games, the composition method, and the monadic theory of ordinal words.- Monadic second order logic and node relations on graphs and trees.- Approximating the volume of general Pfaffian bodies.- Complement-equivalence classes on graphs.- On compact directed acyclic word graphs.- Metric entropy and minimax risk in classification.- Of periods, quasiperiods, repetitions and covers.- Combinatorics of standard Sturmian words.- Compactness of systems of equations on completely regular semigroups.- Decision problems concerning algebraic series with noncommuting variables.- Associative shuffle of infinite words.- Constructing sequential bijections.- Rewriting rules for synchronization languages.- DNA sequence classification using DAWGs.- DNA computing: Distributed splicing systems.


Deployment,as the fundamental of application,is one of the main research contents of sensor networks.The optimal deployment can redound to combining the high end and remote intelligence with the sensor networks local own intelligence,consequently,can realize the function and value of the sensor networks application systems better.On the points of view of random and deterministic,peer-to-peer and hierarchical,and homogeneous and heterogeneous,the extension of deployment is analyzed,along with some key technique issues,such as typical types of deployed components,manners of region treating,and means of deploying.Finally,the further research directions are presented.


Abstract The possibility of an enzyme-immobilized membrane using invertase-entrapped polyolefin porous films such as porous polypropylene films with plasma-induced graft polymerization is discussed. Even though plasma-induced graft polymerization on the membrane surface is a very rough method, we performed it without losing the enzyme activity. This simple method will significantly aid in applications for engineering use of enzyme-immobilized membranes.


Introduction:
 Newborn rats exhibit natural heart regeneration after myocardial infarction (MI), yielding no evidence of cardiac dysfunction or scar at 3 weeks post-MI. This phenotype is absent when MI occurs after 1 week of age. The long-term function of the regenerated heart and its impact on survival post-MI have not been studied. We hypothesized that natural heart regeneration preserves cardiac function and normalizes survival through adulthood.

 Methods:
 Wistar rat neonates (n=51) underwent left anterior descending coronary artery ligation on postnatal day 1 (P1, n=17) or postnatal day 9 (P9, n=12). Sham surgery was performed in littermates (P1 n=12, P9 n=10). The rats were observed for the entirety of their lifespan, reaching 18 months post-MI (equivalent to 45 human years) at the time of this analysis. Echocardiography was obtained at 15 months post-MI. After each mortality event, hearts were sectioned and stained with Masson's trichome.

 Results:
 Echocardiography at 15 months after P1 MI vs P1 sham surgery revealed no differences in left ventricular (LV) wall thickness (p=0.881, Fig 1A) or end-diastolic diameter (p=0.118, Fig 1B), and LV ejection fraction (EF) was sustained within normal limits (63.2% vs 68.5%, p=0.003, Fig 1C). In contrast, after P9 MI, severe LV wall thinning (p<0.001), massive LV dilation (p<0.001), and profoundly depressed EF were observed (41.8% vs 69.1%, p<0.001). Concordant results were observed for both sexes. Trace scar was detected after P1 MI, while large infarcts and LV aneurysms were observed after P9 MI (Fig 1D). At 18 months post-MI, overall survival was 13/17 (76.5%) in the P1 MI group compared to 9/12 (75.0%) in the P1 sham group (p>0.999) and 3/12 (25.0%) in the P9 MI group (p=0.009).

 Conclusions:
 Natural heart regeneration mechanisms may offer long-term protection from LV dysfunction and mortality after cardiac injury, suggesting potential applications in congenital heart surgery and as a durable treatment for ischemic cardiomyopathy.


In this paper, a low-complexity high-performance detection algorithm for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) channels with severe delay spread is proposed. This algorithm performs iterative data detection over factor graphs which apply an independence approximation as well as a Gaussian approximation. It is shown that this algorithm achieves a near-optimum BER performance for coded MIMO systems with severe delay spread. The computational complexity of this algorithm is strictly linear in the number of transmit antennas, the number of receive antennas, and the number of non-zero channel coefficients.


The utility model relates to a car body cavity vibration isolating pad arranged in a car rear wheel cover, and comprises a framework and a foaming body. The framework is integrally in a plate shape, which has a similar plane shape with the sectional plane of the car body cavity in the car rear wheel cover, and leaves a space for the foaming body foaming and expanding on the periphery of the corresponding section. A circle of steps are arranged on the periphery of the framework, and the foaming body is enclosed with the steps and is provided with a thickness for filling in the space after the foaming body foams and expands. A special rapid fixing part firmly connected with the car body is arranged at one end of the framework, and a clamping block clipped and connected with the car body is arranged at the other end thereof. After the utility model is pre-arranged in the car body cavity of the rear wheel cover through foaming expanding, the utility model can be cohered tightly with the car body plate at the same place into a whole, so as to separate the cavity channel effectively, therefore the purpose of further improving and advancing the vibration insulation, the sound insulation, the vibration damping and the noise reduction in the car body cabinet is achieved.


This article is aimed at highlighting the role of a Cost and Management Accountant (CMA) in the latest ERP implementations. The ERP implementation scenarios have entered the next generation with various options that can be leveraged by the organization with an extensive Cost Benefit Analysis by a CMA. With the advent of cloud computing, Software as a Service (SaaS) Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) can now afford an almost risk free ERP to scale up their operations. There have been number of ERP systems that are available based on the maturity of the organizations.An ERP is a single application single database across the organization for all the business process management. Over the time, it has evolved further to accommodate the extended needs of an organization and the deployment models have radically changed. CMAs with experience at various levels have much to offer for the success of an ERP implementation. The success or otherwise of Enterprise Resource Planning largely depends on various factors viz., top Management's support, selection of a suitable ERP system, role of the implementation partners, end-user training and involvement, quality of hardware deployed etc. These key success factors determine the effectiveness of ERP and will have significant effect on Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) or Return on Investment (ROI) of an ERP Project. Hence, CMA's role in selection and implementation of an ERP is one of the most important key success factors. While making Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) successful and to ensure its effective ness CMAs role in the present context can be described as s Computerized Management Accountant (CMA).


Democrats and Republicans in the US Congress are as ideologically consistent and distinct as they have been at any point in the past three decades. Since 1973, the Senate has become 29 percent more polarized and House polarization has increased 47 percent. This investigation of party polarization finds that member adaptation accounts for one-third of the total party polarization in both the House and Senate. Member replacement accounts for the other two-thirds, the lion's share of which has been the replacement of moderate southern Democrats by conservative Republicans. Republicans in both chambers are polarizing more quickly than Democrats. If the Democratic senators have taken one step toward their ideological home, House Democrats have taken two steps, Senate Republicans three steps and House Republicans four steps.


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The field of brain computer interfaces has been emerged as a new way to simplify the lives of paralyzed, `Locked-in' people and people with motor disabilities. Modern brain computer interfaces provide an alternative to the natural neuronal pathways that are normally used to convey the brain signals/commands to different body parts. Brain computer interfaces use the captured brain signals to automate a particular user action. Before actually using the BCI, a subject needs to be trained accordingly. Training, though beneficial for system usage, appears quite tedious for the paralyzed/Locked-in subjects. Also, as the number of activities that can be automated using BCI increases, the amount of training that needs to be given also increases. Motivated by this fact, we propose a new intelligent BCI system, which require minimum amount of training, to be given to the subject. The proposed system uses P300 brainwaves for subject thought translation. The paper gives a brief study of these P300 waves. Finally, we discuss different factors involved in implementation of such system.


The increased attractiveness of knowledge work offerings in cost competitive countries has pushed companies to seek for even more intensive forms of outsourcing. Striving for higher competitiveness and productivity, companies are looking beyond their current ways of outsourcing to create partnerships related to their core operations like research, development and innovation (RDI). Today and in future the success of distribution of knowledge intensive efforts in globally operated businesses is dictated by game changing capabilities such as quality of services, dynamic competence building of individuals and teams, as well as management of decentralized work. Yet, these are just examples of a larger spectrum of factors manifesting the dynamism of distributed software development. The DD‐SCALE research program (2014‐2016) has been targeted at investigating especially the aforementioned matters. The lack of feasible evaluation practises for explaining productivity of knowledge organizations in a comprehensive way has been an important driver. Managing and measuring productivity in the global settings of knowledge work has been in the focus of the program. Thus far, a baseline concept of the DD‐SCALE evaluation framework, containing some 90 aggregated indicators, has been constructed. These Capability Indicators are related to individual, team and organizational capabilities, aiming to explain productivity in software engineering organizations. The development work was supported by context related theories concerning distributed knowledge work and Intellectual Capital (IC), which has been a key in capturing the less visible elements of productivity. Intellectual capital lenses were utilized in analysing interviews and workshops conducted with managerial level software RDI professionals in two globally operating case‐companies. The contribution of this study is finding new dimensions for complementing the rather short‐term input‐output approach in assessing productivity. Also further elaboration about factors underpinning productivity in building a comprehensive evaluation framework is exercised. Eventually, the emphasis of this article is to bring forth the practical uses for the DD‐SCALE evaluation framework. Initial instantiations of the framework include assessing 1) the influence a change in an organization's operation model has on software developers' perceptions, and 2) organizational impacts of technology transfer activities. As further research, the plan is to evaluate the comprehensiveness of the framework and advance its development into an actual tool to support managerial decision making.


The original goal for the Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) TREC 2002 Interactive Track experiments was to perform some preliminary experiments comparing searching on tablet devices versus ordinary personal computers. Unfortunately, the vendor who had promised the devices we planned to use was unable to deliver them in time for the experiments. We therefore shifted our experimental focus to assessing user factors found in previous experiments to be associated with success, with a particular desire to assess the role of spatial visualization.