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This study reports the results of an experiment that examined alternative forms of web assurance for "B2C" e‐commerce. Specifically, using a repeated measures design, variations in purchase intent were examined across four within‐subjects web site conditions (two MP3 players and two digital cameras from different web sites) and five between‐subjects assurance conditions (undirected or directed retailer disclosures, VISA, TRUSTe, and WebTrust™). The effects of assurance (present vs. absent) on purchase intent were studied relative to the roles of retailer disclosures, information risk (security, disclosure, and product risk), and familiarity (with the retailer and product). Control variables encompassing previous Internet and online purchase experiences, general intent to buy online, and web site design were also incorporated in the study. No differences in intent to purchase were found for the three assurance conditions and they were combined for further data analysis. Results indicate that higher intent ...


This report presents evaluations, recommendations, and requirements concerning passive soil vapor extraction (PSVE) derived from a three-year program of stakeholder involvement. PSVE takes advantage of the naturally occurring tendency of soil vapor to leave the subsurface during periods of low barometric pressure. PSVE seeks to expedite the release of volatile contaminants through the use of boreholes and technological enhancements. This report is for technology developers and those responsible for making decisions about the use of technology to remediate contamination by volatile organic compounds. Stakeholders` perspectives help those responsible for technology deployment to make good decisions concerning the acceptability and applicability of PSVE to the remediation problems they face. The report provides: stakeholders` final evaluation of the acceptability of PSVE in light of the technology`s field test; stakeholders` principal comments concerning PSVE; requirements that stakeholders have of any remediation technology. Technology decision makers should take these conclusions into account in evaluating the effectiveness and acceptability of any remedial method proposed for their site. In addition, the report presents data requirements for the technology`s field demonstration defined by stakeholders associated with the Hanford site in Washington State, as well as detailed comments on PSVE from stakeholders from Sandia National Laboratory, Rocky Flats, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, and Los Alamos National Laboratory.


The authors analyzed the domain specificity of emotions and focused on experiences of enjoyment, anxiety, and boredom in the domains of mathematics, Latin, German, and English. On the basis of assumptions in R. Pekrun's (2000; in press) control-value theory and findings of pilot studies, the authors hypothesized the existence of a largely domain-specific organization of emotional experiences. The sample consisted of 721 students from grades 7 to 10. Confirmatory multitrait-multimethod factor analysis of the 2-faceted dataset (emotions and domains) corroborated assumptions of domain specificity. Furthermore, using multilevel analysis, the authors found that emotions were significantly more domain-specific than students' grades, with enjoyment being the most domain-specific of the three emotions under investigation. The authors discuss implications for future research and practice.


Voice Over IP (VoIP for short) on wired line networks has gained significant attention in the past few years as the bandwidth of the internet accesses of a custom user is increasing continuously. The expansion of using the mobile environment induces an effort for integrating mobile communication with VoIP. However, integrating mobile environment with VoIP does not mean simply applying the techniques used in wired networks to wireless networks. There are many tasks that have to be solved in order to obtain an appropriate quality of such communications. There are two common mobile transmission techniques that can be used for transmitting data across a mobile telephone network, namely, GPRS and WiFi. This paper deals with the problem of integrating VoIP with mobile environment. It describes the various difficulties one faces when using GPRS or WiFi technologies for this purpose.


Type I cryoglobulin is composed of a monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) and can be found in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders. Some frequent symptoms of type I cryoglobulinemia are skin necrosis and Raynaud's phenomenon [1]. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a precursor lesion for multiple myeloma [2] and one of the principal causes of cryoglobulinemia [3]. A 37 year-old-male was admitted with gangrene of the left second toe (Figure 1). The patient was diagnosed with primary Raynaud's syndrome at a tertiary center and has been under observation without treatment for 3 years. Concerning the complete blood count, the white blood cell count was 9,920/μL and the differential was normal. Hemoglobin was 11.5 g/dL; and the platelet count was 361,000/μL. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 120 mm/h. Total protein was 10.1 g/dL; and albumin was 3.4 g/dL with a reversed albumin/globulin ratio of 0.5. Serum creatinine was 1.2 mg/dL; and the total calcium was 8.7 mg/dL. The rheumatoid factor was 17 IU/mL; and the antinuclear antibody test was positive but was in a low titer of 1:40. The test for anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody was negative; and both IgG and IgM anticardiolipin antibodies were negative, and the lupus anticoagulant was also negative. However, cryoglobulin came out as positive. Furthermore, a peripheral blood smear showed marked rouleaux formation and numerous


Abstract Low-field magnetic and plagioclase fabrics were compared in Mesozoic mafic dykes of the Rio Ceará-Mirim swarm. Coarse titanomagnetites with pervasive ilmenite lamellae constitute the main carrier of the magnetic anisotropy. The hysteresis parameters of the mafic dykes fall in the pseudo-single domain field. The resulting AMS ellipsoid is usually oblate and has a very low anisotropy (<3%). Textures indicate that the oxi-exolution processes and size reduction of the ferrimagnetic domains occurred at subsolidus temperatures on cooling of the dykes. The magmatic fabric was determined by the shape preferred orientation of plagioclase laths. It rarely matches the magnetic fabric. Besides their contrasting shape ellipsoids, prolate and oblate respectively, their corresponding principal directions diverge from each other or exchange their positions depending on the symmetry of the ellipsoids. These discrepancies are attributed principally to small differences in the net shape of Ti-poor magnetite after exsolution of ilmenite and in the inherently oblique fabric of grains with different shapes. These results draw attention to the need to use independent methods to confirm the conclusions about flow fabrics of weakly anisotropic mafic dykes based only in AMS.


White House criminality, but does not locate any actual political influence that he wielded, despite the intimacy that the two men once claimed. Nixon praised Graham for his political savvy. But the evidence for such astuteness is remarkably thin, and the banalities that this book records (for example, that a George Wallace third-party candidacy would siphon more votes away from Nixon than from Senator George McGovern) surely occurred to countless newspaper readers in 19 2 as well. The consequences of proximity to power remain the biggest question mark dangling over the six decades of Graham's career. Miller accepts the view that, despite all of the golfing dates with government figures, the convivial Graham has never lost the common touch. Did Graham mingle much among ordinary people? The author offers no evidence, and fails to mention that Jesus did it differently.


In this paper, the performance of tri-band multi-polarized adaptive array antenna for 5G mobile base station is introduced adopting the polarization and directivity control. First, the design of multi-band circularly polarized antenna element at 28/38/48 GHz is presented. The measured results show that the designed antenna element has a reflection coefficient of less than −20 dB in the assigned frequency bands of 28/38/48 GHz with a realized antenna gain of 7.82 dB, 8.39 dB, and 7.73 dB, respectively. Based on the designed antenna element, a 32-element are distributed in an octagonal prism configuration is presented as possible candidates for the future 5G mmWave cellular networks. The antenna array performance is studied in terms of gain, radiation efficiency, return loss, and axial ratio for different scenarios, in addition, the metrics of total scan pattern and coverage efficiency are investigated. To optimize the antenna parameters and synthesizing multi-beam patterns, a modified version of hybrid gravitational search algorithm and particle swarm optimization algorithm is introduced. This enhancement has improved the global search ability and accelerates the convergence capability. The proposed array antenna achieved good S11 < −20 dB with high isolation between the array elements. Besides, an acceptable realized gain of 16.85 dB on average with a radiation efficiency of more than 82 % is obtained in the entire operation bands.


During the COVID-19 pandemic, face masks detection has become a critical responsibility. Since the pandemic is still ongoing, and workplaces are opening up it is absolutely necessary that all COVID-19 rules & regulations issued by the government which require all employees in a workplace to wear a face mask to be followed. In order to enforce this rule with severity a face mask detection system can be set up in the workplace. This is achieved with the help of artificial intelligence models, face recognition based neural network and transfer learning approach. Once the model is developed it will be integrated with an application which will keep reminding the employee to wear a mask and also keep records and track of the times the employee was liable to pay a penalty.


ABSTRACT This conceptual paper presents a radical humanist framing of the relationship between human needs and social welfare. It draws and develops its conceptualisation of radical humanism from the early philosophical writings of Marx in which he identified the radical constitutive needs of the human species. It seeks to translate the definitive characteristics of humanity's 'species being' – namely consciousness, 'work', sociality and historical development – into overarching claims or social rights to autonomous thinking, creative activity, mutual caring and human progress. It argues for a 'needs-first ethos' from within which critically to evaluate welfare policy and practice, and through which to conceptualise approaches that humanise rather than dehumanise.


For high quality computer generated holograms As2S3-films are used as a real-ime phase recording material . To reach the required quality of optical interconnects it is necessary to expose the exact refractive index change for defined wave front distortions. Different methods were used, as scanning force microscopy (SFM), Mach Zehnder interferometry, confocal laser microscopy and interferometer microscopy to measure the wave front distortion on the pixel level. A computer simulation shows good agreement with the experimental results.


Objective : To understand the situation of second kind psychotropic drugs (SKPDs) used and abused by drug addicts in the pearl river delta. Methods: With cluster-sampling investigation, surveys were carried out on 5737 drug addicts with a self-designed questionnaire at five high prevalence areas in the pearl river delta. Results: Of 5737 drug addicts, 720 cases (accounting for 12.55%) had ever applied SKPDs. The types of SKPDs had been applied were as follows: diazepam 469 cases (8.18%), buprenorphine hydrochloride sublingual tablet 149 cases (2.60%), estazolam 115 cases (2.00%), barbital 6 cases (0.10%),etc. The mean duration of SKPDs applied was 2.53a±s2.51a. The frequency of SKPDs used and abused daily were 2.13times±1.31/daily,2.50times±1.52/daily respectively. Which showed significant difference. The frequency of acute poisoning caused by SKPDs application was 0.51%.The main sources of SKPDs were private clinic and private drug store. Conclusion: It is necessary to strength on the SKPDs administration. [


'Economical' is nowadays used synonymously with 'efficient'. But are economic practices really always efficient? To answer this question, the author of this book takes a look back and examines which conceptual factors are decisive for Lionel Robbins, as a relevant representative of economics, in describing economic action. This perspective is extended with a sociological one through Karl Polanyi's substantive concept of economic action. Basing his analysis on this, the author makes clear that it is not efficiency but the interchangeability of goals as well as the institutional context that allow us to understand practices as economic.


Ground based gas turbines are responsible for generating a significant amount of electric power as well as providing mechanical power for a variety of applications. This is due to their high efficiency, high power density, high reliability, and ability to operate on a wide range of fuels. Due to increasingly stringent air quality requirements, stationary power gas turbines have moved to lean-premixed operation. Lean-premixed operation maintains low combustion temperatures for a given turbine inlet temperature, resulting in low NOx emissions while minimizing emissions of CO and hydrocarbons. In addition, to increase overall cycle efficiency, engines are being operated at higher pressure ratios and/or higher combustor inlet temperatures. Increasing combustor inlet temperatures and pressures in combination with lean-premixed operation leads to increased reactivity of the fuel/air mixture, leading to increased risk of potentially damaging flashback. Curtailing flashback on engines operated on hydrocarbon fuels requires care in design of the premixer. Curtailing flashback becomes more challenging when fuels with reactive components such as hydrogen are considered. Such fuels are gaining interest because they can be generated from both conventional and renewable sources and can be blended with natural gas as a means for storage of renewably generated hydrogen. The two main approaches for coping with flashback are either to design a combustor that is resistant to flashback, or to design one that will not anchor a flame if a flashback occurs. An experiment was constructed to determine the flameholding tendencies of various fuels on typical features found in premixer passage ways (spokes, steps, etc.) at conditions representative of a gas turbine premixer passage way. In the present work tests were conducted for natural gas and hydrogen between 3 and 9 atm, between 530 K and 650K, and free stream velocities from 40 to 100 m/s. Features considered in the present study include a spoke in the center of the channel and a step at the wall. The results are used in conjunction with existing blowoff correlations to evaluate flameholding propensity of these physical features over the range of conditions studied. The results illustrate that correlations that collapse data obtained at atmospheric pressure do not capture trends observed for spoke and wall step features at elevated pressure conditions. Also, a notable fuel compositional effect is observed.Copyright © 2014 by ASME


PurposeIn this contribution to EDI's professional insights, the authors develop practical and evidence-based recommendations that are developed for bias mitigation, discretion elimination and process optimization in panel evaluations and decisions in research funding. An analysis is made of how the expectation of "selling science" adds layers of complexity to the evaluation and decision process. The insights are relevant for optimization of similar processes, including publication, recruitment and selection, tenure and promotion.Design/methodology/approachThe recommendations are informed by experiences and evidence from commissioned projects with European research funding organizations. The authors distinguish between three aspects of the evaluation process: written applications, enacted performance and group dynamics. Vignettes are provided to set the stage for the analysis of how bias and (lack of) fit to an ideal image makes it easier for some than for others to be funded.FindingsIn research funding decisions, (over)selling science is expected but creates shifting standards for evaluation, resulting in a narrow band of acceptable behavior for applicants. In the authors' recommendations, research funding organizations, evaluators and panel chairs will find practical ideas and levers for process optimization, standardization and customization, in terms of awareness, accountability, biased language, criteria, structure and time.Originality/valueShowing how "selling science" in research funding adds to the cumulative disadvantage of bias, the authors offer design specifications for interventions to mitigate the negative effects of bias on evaluations and decisions, improve selection habits, eliminate discretion and create a more inclusive process.


Helical deformations of a plasma column in a reversed field pinch experiment have been investigated using stereoscopic framing and/or streak photographs together with magnetic search-coils. A toroidal-mode number of 6 was found to be dominant in this experiment. This number agrees with the mode number predicted by a growth-rate calculation based on an ideal magnetohydrodynamic equation. It was observed that the plasma center moved around in a circular arc in the poloidal direction with a frequency of 100 kHz. Moreover, it could be seen that the displacement of the plasma center in the major radial direction traveled in a toroidal direction with a velocity of 0.9×104 m/s.


The discrete periodic extension is a technique for augmenting a given set of uniformly spaced samples of a smooth function with auxiliary values in an extension region. If a suitable extension is constructed, the interpolating trigonometric polynomial found via an FFT will accurately approximate the original function in its original interval of definition. The discrete periodic extension is a key construction in the algorithm FC-Gram (Fourier continuation based on Gram polynomials) algorithm. The FC-Gram algorithm, in turn, lies at the heart of several recent efficient and high- order-accurate PDE solvers. This paper presents a new flexible discrete periodic extension procedure that performs at least as well as the FC-Gram method, but with somewhat simpler constructions and significantly decreased setup time.


Radiology is a 'visual' field and is best taught and learnt by looking at images rather than reading from text alone. This is the basis when this book was prepared. This book is written to provide a quick and hopefully a useful reference for radiologists, and surgeons and others involved in managing these types of cases including medical officers working in radiology, surgery and emergency departments. It can also be a useful book for medical students, nursing students and allied health students to consolidate their knowledge on this important topic to prepare them for clinical practice in later years. The understanding of imaging findings related to blunt abdominal injuries can facilitate communications among clinicians for optimum patient care.


Pes planus (flat foot) is a musculoskeletal abnormality of lower limb, oftenassociated with some degree of malalignment at the knee i.e. genu valgum (knock knees). Inmajority of cases, these deformities resolve by themselves during infancy and childhood, butif they persist in adolescent age, then there is no chance of resolution and might pose seriousproblems for the individual in the future. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determinethe factors associated with pes planus and genu valgum in adolescents. The two main factorsunder investigation were physical activity and dietary habits of adolescents and their effect onthese lower limb musculoskeletal conditions. Material and methods: A case-control study wasconducted on 400 (161 cases and 239 controls) school- going adolescents (11-16 years). Aftercompleting the demographic data and recording the height and weight of each participant, thediagnosis of pes planus was made on the basis of physical examination and special tests. Thedata for genu valgum was collected by the measurement of clinical tibiofemoral angle. A selfreportquestionnaire was used to collect other relevant data such as the symptoms experiencedby the individuals. Data was analyzed on SPSS 21. Results: Out of 400 adolescents, therewere 171 males and 229 females. The physical activity level of cases was 2.17 ± 0.70, slightlyless than that of control group 2.32 ± 0.76. The diet score of cases (11.087 ± 3.75) did notdiffer much from that of controls (11.214 ± 3.75). Tibiofemoral angle of cases was 15.7 ± 3.42degrees valgus for controls it was 14.1 ± 3.49 degrees valgus. There was also a greater trendof cases towards overweight (12.8% cases and 7.43% controls) and obesity (5.84% cases and2.62% controls), whereas the frequency of controls was higher in underweight (19.8% casesand 27.5% controls) and healthy/ normal weight category (55.5% cases and 66.8% controls).Other associated symptoms such as foot pain, knee pain, trauma to foot and knee, difficultyin running and jumping activities etc were also found to be in higher frequency in cases ascompared to in controls along with significant gender differences. Conclusion: Our study resultsshowed that reduced physical activity can be a factor for causation of flat foot and knock-kneesbut the difference in diet habits was not very significant between cases and controls. Thereforeunhealthy diet is not a very considerable factor in the contribution to musculoskeletal conditionsin lower limb. There was a direct link between obesity and pes planus, along with a greater TFA.There was also a higher incidence of knee pain in the flat foot cases who complained of footpain along with various other associated symptoms.


The generation of sub-five optical cycle pulses centered at 11.2 µm wavelength with 50 µJ energy at a 1 kHz repetition rate is reported. A GaSe optical parametric chirped pulse amplifier (OPCPA) is driven by the residual 2.0 µm pump and 5 µm idler of a high-energy midwave-IR OPCPA. The latter serves as driver for hard X-ray generation and this makes the achieved fs longwave-IR pulses available for X-ray pump-probe experiments.


Since the publication of Dream of Red Mansion, there has been some understanding realization and an absurd recurrence in the provenance of "Red Mansion" and on the seeking of the assigned connotation of "Dream of Red Mansion", as well as several outlandish wild guesses by the mystery seekers. An overall review of CAO Xueqin*ss life experience, and the 7 major evidences from a thorough study of "Dream of Red Mansion" show that CAO Xueqin had not only digested but also soaked in the Complete Tang Poems, in which there are 60 cases of the imago of "Red Mansion" in 9 different meanings that can be classified into 5 groups of connotations. In parallel to these, there can be 5 levels of explanation in its assigned connotation from superficial level to profound one, from narrow angle to panorama view, from realistic description to philosophical contemplation. The personae, the background, the trend of the plot, the main clue, and the philosophic pursuance can then dissolve or develop from the title of the book, "Dream of Red Mansion". The superficial and absurd explanations on the assigned connotation of the title "Dream of Red Mansion" are therefore eliminated.


The ci(cid:87)(cid:92) (cid:82)f Ul(cid:80) (cid:90)a(cid:86) (cid:86)elec(cid:87)ed a(cid:86) (cid:82)(cid:81)e (cid:82)f eigh(cid:87) (cid:179)Ci(cid:87)ie(cid:86) (cid:82)f (cid:87)he F(cid:88)(cid:87)(cid:88)(cid:85)e(cid:180) (cid:87)h(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:88)gh(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:87) Ge(cid:85)(cid:80)a(cid:81)(cid:92) i(cid:81) a (cid:81)a(cid:87)i(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:90)ide c(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:83)e(cid:87)i(cid:87)i(cid:82)(cid:81) organised by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). After an ideas and planning phase, the visions of the first two phases are implemented on site in the third phase. The goal is to develop digital and innovative solutions for a sustainable and liveable city together with the citizens. The Centre for General Scientific Continuing Education (ZAWiW) of the University of Ulm, as a partner for the thematic field of education, focuses on social sustainability and develops various educational and participation formats together with other actors as well as citizens in and around Ulm. Digitalisation now reaches almost all areas of life. At the same time, older people in particular are often excluded from participation opportunities due to a lack of access or skills (digital divide). The aim of the project is to build bridges and enable people to use digital technologies in a self-determined way (cid:177) because social participation increasingly requires digital participation. Approaches were tested together on how (cid:179)digi(cid:87)i(cid:86)a(cid:87)i(cid:82)(cid:81) f(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:80) bel(cid:82)(cid:90)(cid:180) ca(cid:81) (cid:86)(cid:88)cceed i(cid:81) (cid:87)he ci(cid:87)(cid:92). The (cid:179)Vi(cid:85)(cid:87)(cid:88)al Neighb(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:85)h(cid:82)(cid:82)d(cid:86)(cid:180) a(cid:81)d (cid:87)he (cid:179)Digi(cid:87)al Me(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:180) a(cid:85)e (cid:83)(cid:85)e(cid:86)e(cid:81)(cid:87)ed here as examples of programmes that have been sustainably anchored and established in the city thanks to the cooperation of various actors. These projects show that it is above all human encounters that reduce fears, give courage and offer support. Digitalisation is not only a technical, but also a social issue. It is therefore all the more important that everyone has the opportunity to help shape digitalisation.


To solve the technical difficulties of intersection part's construction when entering into the tunnel via the service gallery(such as the transverse gallery),in this paper,the Liujialiang Tunnel was cited as an example,and the construction practice were performed,including the scheme selection of entering into the tunnel and the construction technology of intersection between the transverse gallery and the main tunnel.Also,the construction scheme of entering into the tunnel via the transverse gallery were summarized,with which the unfavorable geological condition and the situation of cannot normally entering into the tunnel were avoided.Further,the construction technology of the intersection between transverse gallery and main tunnel were studied in detail.The results show that this kind of construction technology is safe and feasible,with the helpful references for entering into tunnel and key part's construction of similar project in future.


Bonsucro was set up in 2008 by a group of stakeholders to support the sugarcane sector in improving its sustainability performance. The organisation designed a metric-based performance standard that provides operators with a set of measurable sustainability objectives. To allow a consistent measurement of performance, Bonsucro has developed the Bonsucro Calculator. It relies on the collection of a set of real production data to measure the performance of social, environmental and technical practices ranging from agriculture activities (e.g. yields), to milling activities (e.g. recovery of sugar), as well as social impact (e.g. accident rate), through to environmental impact (e.g. GHG emissions). The Bonsucro Calculator uses the data to demonstrate sustainability performance against metric thresholds and to grant operators (mill and farms) with a Bonsucro Certificate. Since its launch in June 2011, 59 mills and cane supplying areas have used the calculator on a yearly basis. That has provided the organisation with over 50,000 verified individual production data points captured on Excel spreadsheets. Using visualisation software, it has been possible to represent aggregated data to identify individual producer performance in relation to the performance of all Bonsucro certified mills and farms. This paper evaluates three examples of benchmarking performance and the opportunity of learning from best performers created by the visualisation of data. Taking into account the results and the identified challenge of transferring knowledge, the conclusion evaluates the potential application of the Bonsucro Calculator as a tool for global sustainability performance management and improvement in the sugarcane sector.


Vital Numbers: 28 ventilation systems (19 from USA, 8 from Europe, 1 from Canada), a total of 622 workstations monitored over 542 months represent over 4.8 million data records collected and analyzed. Data published in this report is unknown to factory management, industrial ventilation designers, and factory owners alike. When asked how high the use of machinery is, they usually answer 90% of shift time. That's far from the facts revealed by our measurements. The data published here is based on installed on-demand ventilation systems, where sensors and PLC are installed with each system, so data is easily collected.


The present invention relates to a process for preparing p-CdS nanowires and p-CdS / n-Si nano-pn junction by doping the surface of MoO3, which is first characterized in intrinsic CdS nanowires wrapped to a thickness of 5 ~ 150nm MoO3 layer, and then at a temperature of 100 ~ 300 ℃ annealed for 10 to 30 minutes to obtain p-CdS nanowire; and on the surface of the n + type silicon substrate layer is silicon dioxide photolithography and etching, to give only a partial region is covered with a silicon dioxide layer n + -type silicon substrate and then the intrinsic CdS nanowires dispersion on the n + type silicon substrate, so that an intrinsic nanowire end resting on the silica, the other end of the n + -type silicon ride on a substrate, followed by the preparation of the metal electrodes on the silicon dioxide layer, and then covering the MoO3 layer on n + -type silicon substrate, annealing treatment to obtain p-CdS / n-Si nano-pn junction. The present invention process is simple and suitable for mass production, a high conductivity can be obtained, stable performance p-CdS nanowires and high-performance p-CdS / n-Si nano-pn junction.


A method for the extraction sample preparation of pyrolysis oil obtained from the waste automobile tires with the subsequent GC-MS component and quantitative analysis has been proposed and tested. The method is based on the sequential extraction of pyrolysis oil components from its hexane solution by several selective solvents and reagents, followed by the separation of the components from the extracts and their GC-MS analysis. Pyrolysis oil can be separated into water-soluble polar substances of relatively low molecular weight, including organic acids and bases; water-insoluble substances with polar functional groups in the molecule; multi-core condensed structure arenas; aliphatic and naphthenic hydrocarbons that do not contain other classes of organic compounds. A hexane solution of pyrolysis oil was subsequently extracted with water (with additions of mineral acid and alkali), ethylene glycol (with additions of mineral acid and alkali), dimethyl sulfoxide, and then treated with oleum. As a result, it was found by using the chromato-distributive method that the pyrolysis oil contains saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, derivatives of benzenes, naphthalenes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, sulfur- and nitrogen-containing organic compounds, phenols, etc. It was shown that the preliminary extraction separation of the components of pyrolysis oil can increase the number of identified oil components and increase the reliability of GC-MS analysis.


2. This Test Guideline, which is an updated version of the protocol agreed at the London meeting, is the outcome of a Nominated Experts Meeting on Reproductive Toxicity Screening Methods, held in Tokyo, October 1992 (2). The reproduction/developmental toxicity screening part is based on experience gained in Member countries from using the original method on existing high production volume chemicals and in exploratory tests with positive control chemicals (3)(4). For the repeated dose toxicity part, it is in concordance with (the current proposal for updating) Guideline 407.


A significant increase in cargo turnover between the Moon and the Earth is expected in case of full implementation of recently announced programmes of exploration and development of the Moon (Luna, Artemis, Chang'e). A feature of the spacecraft trajectory when it returns from the Moon's orbit is that the spacecraft speed at the entry into the Earth's atmosphere is close to parabolic. Compared to orbital landing sections, those of lunar interplanetary spacecraft expose to more intensive radiation and heat flows, and due to it and the above circumstance, the problem of the design of thermal shield for these spacecraft becomes much more complicated.This paper considers two approaches, which help decrease heating of the thermal shield. The first one is the use of trajectory with multiple entrance in the atmosphere. This approach allows for reducing the heat flow intensity due to the gradual deceleration during the repeated re-entries. The second one is the use of anisotropic heat-shielding materials referring to the heat conductivity. This approach allows for reducing the surface temperature in the area of the maximum density of heat flow by redistribution of thermal energy in the thermal shield along the tangential direction.As follows from the analysis provided in the paper, the use of two approaches described herein provides the reduction of the temperature of the spacecraft surface either to the level not destroying the thermal shield or to that providing to reduce its destruction significantly. It allows for improving the spacecraft reliability and, in prospect, provides the multiple uses of it.


With the increasement of the quantity of small and medium-sized enterprises and the enhancement of their contributions to the development of national economy,the problems of financing difficulties of the enterprises have caused widely concerns by related department and academic circles.The reason of financing difficulties not only caused by the enterprises themselves,but also by the incomplete financing system of our country,the narrow financing channel and the less financing ways,etc.This article presents five suggestions on building our country's financing system of minor enterprises by referring foreign experiences.


In the olden days of acoustics (pre digital), low frequency analysis used analog narrow band filters and cathode ray oscilloscopes for special problems leading to the general use of peak values. Analog filters have time constants that can affect the derived rms values requiring caution where high crest factors are involved. Modern narrowband digital analysis is based on a FFT of the time signal to extract the periodic function that occurs in the time domain that are then displayed as discrete peaks in the frequency domain. FFT analysis of turbines show discrete infrasound peaks at multiples of the blade pass frequency in addition to sidebands in the low frequency range spaced at multiples of the blade pass frequency. Are these signals actually there or are they a product of modern day analysis. Is the infrasound signature a clue to a different area of investigation? The paper will show the results of testing to compare old fashioned and modern day analysis.


In the last five decades, a significant effort has been directed to the accurate localization of partial discharge (PD) in power cables, based on the traveling wave measurements. In this paper, a novel and effective method for PD localization, which is based on a totally different technique called time-reversal (TR) method, is presented. This method doesn't need to estimate the time difference of arrival of a PD pulse and its reflection at the far end of the cable. And it takes the frequency-dependent characteristic of phase velocity into account. Firstly, the applicability of the TR technique to localize PD source is discussed. And to validate the feasibility of the new method, the computer simulation of this method has been carried out. Under different cable lengths, signal-noise ratio, quantification error and sampling rates, the location accuracy of the proposed method is discussed. Afterward, the experimental validation of the proposed method is presented. Before experimental test, a 10kV XLPE cable of 498 meters with an artificial defect is used as a test object. During PD detection, two types of PD signals are tested and the PD source is localized by different detection methods. After comparison with other PD localization methods, it is found that the TR technique shows great value and superiority for the localization of PD source in power cable in some ways.


Maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) strategies are aimed to improve the efficiency of induction motor (IM) which regularly operate at low load levels. However, these strategies penalize the dynamic response due to the need to remagnetize the machine when torque must be increased. Dynamics of torque during remagnetization are strongly conditioned by current constraints, as well as by voltage constraints when the machine operates at high speeds. Once torque dynamics must be limited, torque during remagnetization process can be profiled to follow a ramp to reduce jerk. It is needed in this case to determine the minimum settling time (maximum slope of the torque ramp) achievable by fully exploiting the current limits of machine and inverter. Furthermore, when remagnetization occurs at high speeds, current regulator will be subjected to voltage constraints. This paper deals with the selection of overmodulation strategies during the remagnetization process, with the aim of guaranteeing proper operation of the current regulator under severe voltage constraints.


The homologous series of 4 ′ - IJ 4-ROC 6 H 4 )-4,2 ′ :6 ′ ,4 ″ -tpy ligands with R = Me, Et, n Pr, n Bu, n pentyl, n hexyl, n heptyl, n octyl, n nonyl and n decyl ( 1 – 10 , respectively) are reported, including single crystal structures of 6 and 7 . Reactions of zinc IJ II ) acetate with 1 – 10 have been investigated using room temperature crystallization methods (diffusion or layering). For ligands with the shortest alkoxy substituents, 1-dimensional coordination polymers ij {Zn 2 (OAc) 4 IJ L)} n ] IJ L = 1 , 2 or 3 ) are formed. In each polymer, the 4 ′ - IJ 4-ROC 6 H 4 )-4,2 ′ :6 ′ ,4 ″ -tpy ligands bind zinc through the two outer pyridine donors. The polymer structures are similar with the n -propyl chain adopting a folded conformation in ij {Zn 2 (OAc) 4 IJ 3 )} n ] which allows it to fit in the cavity occupied by methyl or ethyl groups in ij {Zn 2 (OAc) 4 IJ 1 )} n ] and ij {Zn 2 (OAc) 4 IJ 2 )} n ]. Reaction between 5 and Zn IJ OAc) 2 · 2H


The present invention relates to the use of an aromatic hydrocarbon saturated hydrogenation catalyst for aromatic saturated monocyclic and bicyclic hydrogenation reaction, the carrier is a γ-Al 2 O 3 , press load the total weight of Ni 2.5% ~ 10%, Mo from 6% to 25%, at 500 ~ 550 ℃ calcination of the carrier; nickel acetate, ammonium molybdate, and a molar ratio of HMT is dissolved in 13% 14:3:20 formulated as a clear aqueous ammonia solution immersion liquid, the carrier is added to the impregnating solution, dipping at room temperature, dried at 60 ℃ ~ 100 ℃ vacuum drying, forming, in an Ar gas flow at a rate of 10 ℃ / min from room temperature liter to 680 ℃, Ar gas space velocity of 500h -1 ~ 1500h -1 ; handover H 2 gas stream, in H 2 cooled to room temperature, H 2 a space velocity of 500h -1 ~ 1500h -1 ; containing 1% O 2 of N 2 passivation, having high catalytic activity.


Performance characteristics are presented for high-power, singlemode, strained-layer InGaAs/AlGaAs quantum well separate confinement laser diodes. A maximum output power of 460 mW continuous wave with single transverse mode behaviour to 245 mW is achieved in the wavelength range 1020-1030 nm. These singlemode laser diodes have narrow far-field divergence, making them highly attractive as optical pumps for Pr/sup 3+/-doped fluoride fibre optic amplifiers. >


HESE two books, published in the past year, are general statements of the contemporary anthropological credo. They reject the earlier conception of anthropology as the study of prehistoric and primitive culture, and assert strong claims to its relevance in the solution of crucial problems of modern politics. Clyde Kluckhohn is a psychoanalytically trained anthropologist. Alexander Leighton is an anthropologically trained psychiatrist. Both have had distinguished academic and governmental careers. Leighton was chief and Kluckhohn cochief of the Foreign Morale Analysis Division of the Office of War Information, an organization which pioneered in the application of psycho-anthropological insights and methods to problems of government policy. Leighton's general views are based on a detailed analysis of his experiences during the war in the Office of War Information and the United States Strategic Bombing Survey in Japan. Kluckhohn's book is a general statement of the nature and significance of modern anthropology directed at an informed lay audience. Special interest for students of international relations attaches to propositions advanced by these writers about the usefulness of the modern anthropological approach in the study of problems of foreign policy and international order. While there is some difference in the treatment of these themes in the two books, there is such substantial agreement between them that there is no need for our purposes for a separate statement of individual views. We review these propositions in brief form. 1. Cultural-psychological differences are largely unconscious in character. The peculiar sentiments, values, and attitudes of


Abstract
The rise of arts and culture is transforming citizen politics. Though new to many social scientists, this is a commonplace for many policy makers. We seek to overcome this divide by joining culture and the arts with classic concepts of political analysis. We offer an analytical framework incorporating the politics of cultural policy alongside the typical political and economic concerns. Our framework synthesizes several research streams that combine in global factors driving the articulation of culture into political/economic processes. The contexts of Toronto and Chicago are explored as both enhanced the arts dramatically, but Toronto engaged artists qua citizens, while Chicago did not.


In this paper, a near field analysis based on measurements is used in order to optimise the feeding network of a 24-GHz radar array. The near field measurement results were used to tweak the network and optimise the performance of the antenna in terms of phase distribution and sidelobe levels.


The purpose of the article is to establish the temporal features of terminographic activity in the field of Ukrainian physical and chemical special vocabulary. To achieve this goal it is necessary to perform the following tasks: to determine the temporality of terminographic works in physics and chemistry, to characterize the dynamics of terminographic processes from 1940-to 2010, to establish the types of terminographic works in physics and chemistry, to determine the intensity of their publication by different classification criteria. The methodology is to use general and special methods to study Ukrainian terminology in natural sciences. The use of analytical-synthetic, logical, comparative methods made it possible to establish the specific features of Ukrainian terminological works in the temporal context. With the help of the statistical method, the periodization of the development of modern natural terminology is substantiated, and the regularities of publishing activity by types of terminographic publications are revealed. The scientific novelty of the work is that the article establishes the systemic nature of Ukrainian terminological works in physics and chemistry, created during the 1990-2010 and designed to meet the information needs of specialists in the modern conceptual and terminological apparatus. Conclusions. The positive dynamics of the system of Ukrainian terminographic works allow performing gradation according to the method of describing the lexical meaning of the word, the breadth of terminological vocabulary, the structure of publications, and the primacy of publication. Lexicographic works of reference and encyclopedic types predominate over translation dictionaries, which contributes to the unification of the conceptual and terminological apparatus. Terminological vocabulary is a component of the global national ideal, which serves as a generator of ideas for social development. The study and republishing of the terminological achievements of the past testify to the unity of axiological, scientific and technical, worldview, political, and spiritual meanings, which are inextricably linked.
Key words: terminology, term, dictionary, encyclopedia, terminography, special vocabulary


We discuss the various aspects of white and coloured Portland cements. We highlight the manufacture, hydration behaviour and application of these decorative cements, in order to increase the awareness of their value in improving the visual appearance of concrete and mortars where this is desirable


The results of this study are: (1). Leadership planning in the People's Welfare Administration Section (Kesra) is to determine the direction of leadership management and the objectives of the leadership institution.. (2). In determining the organization is an activity to formulate or re-examine the direction of organizational goals as stated in the vision, mission and values in leadership institutions. (3). The use of leadership management implementation in the People's Welfare Administration Section (Kesra) is very positive proven to be increasingly efficient and effective work procedures and successful goals to be achieved by the organization. (4). Leadership control that can be carried out in the People's Welfare Administration Section (Kesra) can prevent various problems inside and outside the organization. Keyword : management,leadership


Companies that are active in global markets have demanding needs for translation services. Terminological resources enhance translation memories in order to meet those demands. Automated term extraction is the only way to build the scale of terminological resources required. Term extraction is not feasible without a process to clean the extracted terms that is at least partially automated and utilizes a range of complementary lexical resources. The entire process needs to apply concepts of recycling and avoidance of duplication in order to be cost effective and productive. The output of a term extraction process helps to build the corporate terminology database, which can subsequently be used in a range of applications. 1. Enterprise-scale translation needs As a large global company, IBM® performs tremendous amounts of translation; according to recent estimates, the company translates about 450 million words annually, into as many as 46 languages, depending on market conditions. A given IBM product may comprise thousands of individual files in many different file formats. Translation schedules are tight, so the files are distributed to multiple translators who work in parallel but not necessarily together. Under these conditions, consistency and accuracy of key product terminology is a major challenge. A pioneer in the use of translation memory, IBM developed and still uses its world-leading computer assisted translation (CAT) tool, TranslationManager. However, IBM recognized long ago that translation memory as a language resource could not completely address its translation needs. To continually refine the translation process, IBM has explored various language technologies such as machine translation and controlled authoring, and has developed terminology data and sophisticated workflow tools. This paper will focus on IBM's terminology management strategy, and specifically, the automatic acquisition and processing of terminology data in support of the translation process. 1. 1 Background of IBM's terminology strategy IBM started developing terminological resources over 20 years ago. Long before there were any terminology management systems (TMS) available as commercial products, IBM researchers developed a sophisticated TMS, called TransLexis, which IBM Translation Services Centers (TSC) used to develop bilingual terminology databases. The bilingual databases are used in conjunction with translation memory to ensure consistency at the subsegment level. With multiple translators typically assigned to translate parts of a given product, it was understood that pretranslating the key product terms and providing those "standardized" translations to the translators would help to increase quality and minimize post-editing. This task was delegated to a staff member at each TSC, who simultaneously held the roles of project manager, translator, and terminologist. It was soon realized, however, that the collection of source language (English) terms before translation was inefficient. Each TSC working on the same product was manually extracting terms, if time allowed, duplicating the work but with variable results. There was never enough time to extract and pre-translate enough terms. Furthermore, having not been involved in the development of the product, and with English as their second language, TSC terminologists sometimes had difficulty understanding and clarifying the meaning of terms that were ambiguous, highly technical, or poorly documented. IBM's globalization leadership team agreed that terminology should be managed in a centralized fashion. TSC terminologists distributed around the world joined forces with two newly-appointed English terminologists, based in Toronto, to define the requirements and set up the process. Gradually, the bilngual databases were merged into one multilingual terminology database, or "termbase." After networking with terminologists from other companies, such as through the Localization Industry Standards Association, it was determined that an automated term extraction tool and handling process was key to building the type and scale of terminological resources necessary to support IBM's translation needs. The goal was to establish an effective process for extracting and pre-translating key product terms so that a bilingual CAT dictionary of those terms could be provided to all the translators assigned to a given product before they started translating. 2. Term extraction and automated processing In 2003, computational linguists at the IBM Watson Research Center completed the development of IBM's


•  Following unexpected ipsilateral knee extension joint rotations applied during the late stance phase of the gait cycle in humans, a crossed reflex response was observed in the contralateral biceps femoris (cBF) muscle with a mean onset latency of 76 ms. •  Transcranial magnetic and electrical stimulation applied to the primary motor cortex revealed that a transcortical pathway probably contributes to the cBF response. •  We hypothesize that the cBF response signifies a preparation of the contralateral leg for early load bearing, helping the body to maintain dynamic stability during walking. •  This is the first study to show that a transcortical pathway contributes to an interlimb reflex in upper leg muscles. The transcortical nature of the response may allow for more adaptable responses than purely spinally mediated reflexes due to integration with other sensory information.


To study blasting seismic signal from the features of energy distribution point and to control the blasting vibration hazard,the wavelet packet technology was used to comparatively analyze the energy distribution at different frequency band considering millisecond delay and free face effect.Results show that the energy of blasting seismic signal mostly concentrates on the dominant frequency band(below 200 Hz) which was divided into several sub-bands.The attenuation of high frequency(90~125 Hz) components was more rapid than low frequency(0~75 Hz) components in blasting seismic signal.Compared to multi-millisecond blasting,the energy of single blasting vibration signal focuses much more on low frequency band.The seismic wave from explosive energy across the rock crushing zone decreased due to the free face effect.In the case of single blasting,the total energy of blasting vibration signal increased obviously with charge amount,while the energy distribution change little.


assumes an essential part in today's electronic world. The developer utilizes diverse dialects to build up the product. Keeping in mind the end goal to create programming, it needs a few stages, for example, Analysis, Design, Implementation, Testing and Maintenance. Of these few stages, the investigation and outline get to be fundamental, since these are the most crucial component in the advancement of the product. Presently a-days, a large portion of the product is article stated, in light of the fact that the item arranged dialects give a simple approach to create and keep up the system. This item situated project is comprised of a few divisions based upon the reason. Every division performs some capacities subordinate upon the code. Every one of these divisions are then incorporated to give the single system. In the event that any blunder happened in any part of the project implies, it is important to change the influenced part of a system to expel the mistake. To keep away from this sort of pointless change with the long time term, the engineer must diagram and tests the underlying stage, for example, investigate and configuration. These sorts of tests on examination and outline for an article arranged project did by an innovation called the OOP (Object Oriented Paradigms). In this paper, an approach proposed for examination, the configuration to be completed in the improvement of the system, before begin to execute. These measurements developed by taking or gathering substantial volume of information keeping in mind the end goal to give the measurements reasonable to a wide range of Object-Oriented dialects, for example, Python, Ruby, .Net and R software for big data analysis. The proposed work gives the summing up procedure which termed as GenM (Generalized Measurement) strategy on the item situated programming. This is finished by executing the arrangement record for recognizing the mistake rate. Along these lines, this paper gives proficient systems to OOP.


The formation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiols on GaAs was studied using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. SAMs formed from an ethanol solution containing ammonium hydroxide were more ordered and stable than those obtained by the method previously reported in which surfaces were derivatized from neat molten alkanethiols at elevated temperatures. It is suggested that ammonium hydroxide etches the native surface oxide of GaAs during an initial step followed by the chemisorption of alkanethiols on the chemically reactive surface. The effect of ammonium hydroxide concentrations on the SAM coverage was investigated. Well-ordered layers with close packing were formed when the ammonium hydroxide concentration was 3 vol %. SAMs of alkanethiols with different chain lengths showed that the order increases with increasing chain length (from C12H25SH to C18H37SH).


ABSTRACT Rab GTPases control membrane identity, fusion and transport by interaction with effector proteins. Effectors that influence the activation–inactivation cycle of their own or other Rab proteins contribute to the timely conversion of Rab membrane identities. Rab5 and its effector rabaptin5 (Rbpt5, also known as RABEP1) are generally considered the prime example for a positive-feedback loop in which Rab5-GTP recruits Rbpt5 in complex with Rabex5 (also known as RABGEF1), the GDP/GTP exchange factor of Rab5, to early endosomes, thus maintaining the Rab5 membrane identity. By deletion analysis, we found that the membrane recruitment of Rabaptin5 required binding to Rab4 and Rabex5, but not Rab5. Deletion of either one of the two Rab5-binding domains or silencing of Rab5 expression did not affect Rabaptin5 recruitment, but produced giant endosomes with early and late endosomal characteristics. The results contradict the model of feedback activation of Rab5 and instead indicate that Rbpt5 is recruited by both Rabex5 recognizing ubiquitylated cargo and by Rab4 to activate Rab5 in a feed-forward manner. Highlighted Article: Membrane recruitment of the endosomal effector protein Rabaptin5 is shown to be mediated by both Rabex5 binding to ubiquitylated cargo and Rab4 to activate Rab5 in a feed-forward manner.


During the critical period of further reform and development of enterprises in China,it is significant to strengthen the company's internal control system. Based on the thorough analysis of the function and target about the company internal control, the author explores the internal control factors in the company and its possiblility facing with threat.


• Opioids can be classified according to their mode of synthesis into alkaloids, semi-synthetic and synthetic compounds. • There are three classical receptors (DOP, KOP and MOP). The novel NOP receptor is considered to be a non-opioid branch of the opioid receptor family. • Opioids can either act as agonists, antagonists or partial agonists at these receptors. • Opioid agonists bind to G-protein coupled receptors to cause cellular hyperpolarisation. • MOP receptor agonists act in the central and peripheral nervous system to elicit analgesia.


Defected ground structures (DGS) have known to be serving for the improvement in characteristics of many microwave circuits. Not only DGS has various advantages in the area of microwave power amplifier, Wilkinson power divider, microwave antennas, couplers etc, it is also used in the design of microwave filter to achieve stopband effects, slow-wave effects, frequency adjustment etc. A bandpass filter based on Dumbbell-shaped DGS unit is presented here. This unit provides two transmission zeros near the passband edges. The center frequency has been tuned to 2.4 GHz using different dimensions of DGS. This filter gives an insertion loss of -0.42 dB, a return loss of -12.31 dB and -3 dB bandwidth of 0.92 GHz. The tuning of end-coupled line bandpass filter, using dumbbell DGS structure parameters is discussed here. The measurements show a close agreement with simulation results.


As an example of Kaifeng city,the article studies the loading capacity of water resources.for shortage of water resources this area and establishes the new model of water resources loading capacity based on sustaining of the vector machine.It describes the evaluated method of water resources loading capacity,the evaluated result truly and impersonally response the situation of water resources loading capacity.The result shows there are water resources quantity per person which totally are10 indexes to influence the loading capacity,the overall level of water resources loading capacity in Kaifeng city is on the low side.


The purpose of this research is to solve some problems with the optimal control approach to the design of moving flight simulators. A tracking model of the optimal washout filter is applied in the human vestibular sensation system. It can efficiently limit the translational motion of the platform and also generate sustained acceleration. The simulation results demonstrate that we can minimize the difference between the physiological outputs of the vestibular organs of the actual system and the simulator platform system. In this work, the otolith senses not only the high frequency component of the acceleration, but also the sustained acceleration constructed by the gravity component with the corresponding rate‐ limited tilt angle in the simulator.


By the analysis of regional stress field, the evolutionary of Turpan-Hami Basin can be divided into three phases. The paper forcuses on the analysis of stress features, types of basin, environment and thickness of deposition.


An experiment was conducted in micro-plots during winter (rabi) seasons of 2000–2001 and 2001–2002 at Hisar on 5 wheat genotypes ('PBW 343', 'NIAW 34', 'UP 2338', 'HD 2428' and 'Raj 3765') subjected to different growing environments by sowing on normal date (25 and 20 November) or late (3 January and 24 December), to study post-anthesis dry-matter accumulation and its partitioning. The total dry matter as well as its partitioning into leaves, stems, roots, spikes and grains was reduced significantly at anthesis and maturity under late sowing compared with normal date of sowing. The reduction in dry-matter partitioning into leaves, stems and roots was 31.3, 12.0 and 21.9% at anthesis; while at physiological maturity it was into leaves, stems, roots, spikes and grains was 31.7, 34.3, 22.4, 31.3 and 38.5% respectively. Partitioning of dry matter at anthesis indicated the maximum contribution from stems (35.9%), followed by roots (34.6%), leaves (15.5%) and spikes (14.0%); whereas at physiological maturity, the spikes contributed the maximum (38.4%), followed by roots (25.9%), stems (25.5%) and leaves (10.4%) towards total dry matter. Among the genotypes, 'PBW 343' and 'NIAW 34' produced significantly higher total dry matter as well as spikes and grain weight at maturity under both normal and late sowing. A significantly positive association of grain weight with total dry matter, stem weight, root weight and spike weight under normal and late sowing indicated that higher biomass yield and its maximum partitioning into spikes improved the grain yield of wheat.


Eighteen men were instructed to fake penile responses to discrete sexual stimuli presented auditorily or visually. The same stimuli were presented a second time following instruction on faking. Sexual responses were monitored using a penile plethysmograph (PPG). Further physiological response measures to detect faking attempts included the Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) and respiration (RESP). Faking attempts were found to be more successful to audio than visual stimuli, especially if the stimuli were relatively weaker. Arousal was much more difficult to fake than suppression. The more intense the efforts to fake, and especially following faking instructions, the more transparent the faking efforts. GSR and RESP added measurably to the detection of faked PPG responses which would have appeared otherwise to be genuine responses.


Background The Korean-style trend was one of the most prominent phenomena in home appliances in the 1990s. The mop vacuum, the kimchi fridge, the boiling washing machine, the pressure cooker microwave, and the ttukbaegi microwave became popular because they were designed to fit into the Korean lifestyle. Among them, Korean-style microwaves were claimed to cook Korean food as their core identity. Korean-style microwaves first appeared in the late 1980s. However, the typical Korean-style microwave oven appeared in 1991 and 1992. After a brief period of popularity, Korean-style microwave ovens were in rapid decline by 1994. This paper aims to shed light on the development and decline of Korean-style microwave ovens in the early to mid-1990s in a historical context. Methods This paper analyzed related literature, advertisement, and daily newspaper articles using the methodology of semiotics and discourse analysis and structured the resulting contents through the method of critical narrative to reach the research purpose. Results


Allelopathic eff ects of orange (Citrus sinensis L.) peel essential oil). Crop weeds are the main problem in agriculture, causing a worldwide annual loss of about US$95 billion. Th e principal method for control is the use of synthetic her- bicides. Th e continued use of these products increases crop costs, reduces crop quality, and leaves toxic residues in the environment, which are a threat to human and livestock health. Th erefore, there is a demand for environmentally friendly methods of weed control. Th e use of allelopathic compounds from crop residues is an alternative. Orange is one of the biggest crops in the world, and its cultivation generates large amounts of residues. Th ere is strong evidence of bioactivity in orange peel essential oil. Th erefore, the objective in this work was to verify the allelopathic proprieties of this oil. We extracted the oil from the peels of recently discarded oranges using water vapor fl ow with a Clevenger extractor, and tested it against the growth of Euphorbia heterophylla L. and Ipomoea grandifolia (Dammer) O'Donell seedlings when placed in contact with the oil vapor. Th e results were both quantitative and qualitative in the inhibition of the seedlings.


The Carnegie data offer important information about how institutions allocate funding for engagement and develop marketing and fundraising campaigns to support engagement activities.


The focus of this paper is to study the special properties of the rough sets which can be constructed by means of the congruences determined by filters of residuated lattice. Also the properties of the generalized rough sets with respect to filters of residuated lattice are investigated.


Objective To prepare azidothymidine palmitate liposomes and observe its tissue distribution in mice.Methods The azidothymidine palmitate was incorporated into liposomes by ethanol injection method.The concentrations of azidothymidine in various organs were determined by reversed phase HPLC after i v administration.Results The entrapment efficiency of azidothymidine palmitate liposomes was 95.2%,the particle sizes of the liposomes was(75.6±42.2)nm.The azidothymidine palmitate liposomes and azidothymidine solution were injected intravenously at a dose of 30.0 mg·kg-1 and 15.85 mg·kg-1 to Kunming mice,respectively.The elimination half-life of liposomes and free azidothymidine solution was 16.4 and 5.74 min,respectively.Compared to azidothymidine solution,the AUC(0-30 min) in liver,spleen,kidney and brain(15 min) were 1.6,1.19,0.8 and 1.8 times,respectively.Conclusions Through the ethanol injection method,a high entrapment efficiency of azidothymidine palmitate liposomes is obtained.In vivo distribution studies indicated that the elimination half-life and the targetability of azidothymidine palmitate to liver and brain are significantly increased by the azidothymidine palmitate liposomes.Azidothymidine palmitate liposomes might be a promising candidate for anti-HIV therapy and worth further investigation.


Flattened metaphase figures were obtained by squashing or air-drying cells from human leucocyte cultures that had been treated with colchicine and hypotonic sodium citrate prior to fixation. In such metaphase figures the Y chromosome was at the periphery of the figure more often than chance expectation and more often than the chromosome pairs 1, 2, or 16 or the chromosome groups 13–15, 17–18, 19–20, or 21–22. The Y chromosome was further from the center of circular metaphase figures than the mean value of all the chromosomes or the chromosome pairs 1, 2, or 3 or the chromosome groups 4–5, 6–12+X, 19–20 or 21–22.


Inclusive jet differential cross sections have been measured in neutral current deep inelastic scattering e+p collisions for photon virtualities Q2 > 125 GeV2 with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 65 pb−1. Jets were identified in the Breit frame using the longitudinally invariant kT‐cluster algorithm. Measurements of differential inclusive jet cross sections are presented as a function of jet transverse energy, ETB(jet), jet pseudorapidity, ηB, and Q2, for jets with ETB(jet) > 8 GeV. Next‐to‐leading‐order (NLO) QCD calculations describe well the measurements. An NLO QCD analysis of the differential cross sections allows a precise determination of αs(MZ).


A legislature has to reach a collective decision in either of two states of nature. In the …rst state, legislators vote over an ideological issue. In this state, legislators may not vote for the pragmatic (optimal) policy and, instead, con…rm voters'ideological bias. In the second state, the legislature handles an issue that is not ideologically charged. We …nd the optimal majority rule under the veil of ignorance. The chosen majority rule a¤ects (i) the nature and quality of policy reforms, (ii) the probability that changes are made (iii) the incentives of legislators with ideological constituencies to become agenda setter. We …nd that in some cases the optimal majority rule is hump-shaped with respect to ideological polarization. Finally, we test some of our theoretical predictions. JEL Classi…cation: D7, D02.


Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse y Abstract This paper presents a relational model of movement based on the notion of mobile moving about with constant speed. Three basic relations between mobiles are considered: (1) \Sometime or other, the mobiles x and u meet up somewhere", (2) \The position of the encounter between x and u and the position of the encounter between y and v are equal" and (3) \The moment of the encounter between x and u precedes the moment of the encounter between y and v".


The mission of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is to understand and predict changes in the Earth's environment and to conserve and manage coastal and oceanic marine resources and habitats to help meet our Nation's economic, social, and environmental needs. As a branch of NOAA, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) conducts or sponsors research and monitoring programs to improve the scientific basis for conservation and management decisions. NMFS strives to make information about the purpose, methods, and results of its scientific studies widely available. NMFS' Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) uses the NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS series to achieve timely dissemination of scientific and technical information that is of high quality but inappropriate for publication in the formal peer-reviewed literature. The contents are of broad scope, including technical workshop proceedings, large data compilations, status reports and reviews, lengthy scientific or statistical monographs, and more. NOAA Technical Memoranda published by the PIFSC, although informal, are subjected to extensive review and editing and reflect sound professional work. Accordingly, they may be referenced in the formal scientific and technical literature. 2013. Estimation of Hawaiian monk seal consumption in relation to ecosystem biomass and overlap with fisheries in the main Hawaiian Islands. ii iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY As the Hawaiian monk seal population has recently increased in the main Hawaiian Islands, it has resulted in increased marine resource use overlap between monk seals and commercial, recreational, and subsistence fisheries. This has understandably led to questions and concerns about the potential impact of Hawaiian monk seals on the near shore ecosystem and in particular, on populations of marine species that are consumed by humans. In this analysis, we estimated food consumption by the current Hawaiian monk seal population in the main Hawaiian Islands. To put this consumption into context, we also estimated biomass of near-shore fishes, including apex predators, herbivores, secondary consumers, and planktivores, and the biomass consumption by apex fish predators and humans (i.e., fishery landings). Finally, we compared the families of fish found in the monk seal diet and those targeted by fisheries. Major findings: • We estimate that the current population of about 200 Hawaiian monk seals in the MHI consumes around 1300 kg/day (2900 lbs/day, or about 15 lbs/day per seal), which is a maximum of 0.009% of the estimated available prey biomass. • The biomass of apex predatory fish in the MHI near-shore marine ecosystem is estimated …


Abstrcat Taking a sand-grown plant garden for example, the garden's natural conditions and land use actuality are analyzed, and the landscape ecological construction goal of the garden is proposed. A study is conducted on the ecological design of the garden landscape.


We study a commensurate chain of atoms subject to a periodic substrate potential, damping, and a thermal bath, and driven by an external dc force. In the underdamped case the average system velocity as a function of adiabatically varying force exhibits hysteresis at nonzero temperatures. The hysteresis exists due to the instability of the driven motion of kinks at high velocities. In the force-decreasing process, the system passes through two regimes: the {open_quotes}cavity-mode{close_quotes} regime (a standing wave superimposed on the state of running atoms) and the {open_quotes}traffic-jam{close_quotes} regime, where the mobility is due to kink-antikink pairs, the kinks being bunched into compact groups. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}


Accurate blood pressure measurements are fundamental in order to achieve correct diagnosis and treatment of hypertension. This study performed a validation of the A&D UA767PlusBT and the Omron 705IT, using different oscillometric waveform simulators. The researchers first tested 30 monitors of the A&D UA767PlusBT using 2 different waveform simulators (Metron QA-1280 and BioTek BP Pump2). Second, we tested 5 previously used blood pressure monitors from A&D UA767PlusBT and Omron 705IT using a Fluke BP Pump 2L simulator, 5 monitors per manufacturer, 10 monitors in total. Three measurements were obtained per monitor, for each of the 8 simulated and preset patient conditions. Third, we tested new and unused blood pressure monitors from A&D UA767PlusBT and the Omron 705IT using a Fluke BP Pump 2L simulator; 10 monitors per model, 20 monitors in total. Six measurements were obtained per monitor, for each of the 8 simulated patient conditions. Using the Metron simulator, the A&D UA767PlusBT showed a significant deviation for systolic blood pressure (systolic/diastolic, −7.8 ± 2.9/1.5 ± 1.6 mm Hg). Using the BioTek simulator, the same systolic deviation was shown (systolic/diastolic, −9.1 ± 2.3/2.7 ± 3.2 mm Hg). Both systolic deviations exceed the specified measurement accuracy of ±3 mm Hg. Using the Fluke simulator, previously used A&D UA767PlusBT monitors showed similar deviations (systolic/diastolic, −10/2 mm Hg; range, −14 to −4/−7 to 7; P < .001/P < .001), whereas used Omron 705IT did not show deviations exceeding the specified level (systolic/diastolic, −1/2; range, −5 to 5/−5 to 5 mm Hg; P = .6/P < .001). Using the Fluke simulator, new and unused A&D UA767PlusBT monitors showed significant deviations exceeding the specified accuracy (systolic/diastolic, −4/2 mm Hg; range, −14 to 2/−6 to 8; P < .001/P < .001), whereas new and unused Omron 705IT monitors did not show deviations exceeding the specified level (systolic/diastolic 0/2.4 mm Hg; range, −5 to 10/−1 to 6; P < .001/P < .001). The A&D UA767PlusBT monitors measured systematically too low systolic blood pressure but exhibited good precision. Omron 705IT monitors showed both high accuracy and good precision for both diastolic and systolic values. The differences between monitors from these 2 manufacturers can most likely be attributed to differences in the algorithms used to estimate the blood pressure. The consequence for patients with hypertension would be an increased cardiovascular risk, if systolic blood pressure is estimated to be falsely too low.


The sensor system for the steering wheel of the vehicle, in order to detect the contact between the front left of the steering wheel, comprising a first sensor disposed within the first portion of the steering wheel. Sensor system, in order to detect the contact between the front right-hand steering wheel, the first portion including a second sensor disposed within the second portion of another steering wheel. The sensor system for detecting contact between the rear surface of the steering wheel, comprising a third sensor disposed within the steering wheel. First, second and third sensors, front left of the steering wheel by the driver is not a hand Matate part of each vehicle, configured to sense contact with the front right and back. First, second and third sensors may be complex impedance sensor. .The


Is Democracy Good for the Rural Population? : A Cross-National Study on the Effect of Democracy on the  Urban-Rural Divide


The cash flow estimation is important to evaluate projects in view of adding values to the owners' equity of a firm. Cash flow estimation is a primary requirement for capital budgeting and using project evaluation techniques. Hence, this paper provides cash flow estimation methods from an accounting perspective to facilitate a reader understand the basics and bases of cash flows estimation with suitable exhibits from an accounting point of view. This paper provides explanations on basic principles of project cash flow estimation, meaning of incremental cash flow, trade-off between the equity and debt capitals used in projects, reason for excluding the cost of financing a project, tax concern, opportunity cost consideration, and the process and methods of estimating cash flows.


THE MYTH OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: Why Computers Can't Think the Way We Do by Erik J. Larson. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2021. 312 pages. Hardcover; $29.95. ISBN: 9780674983519. *The Myth of Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers a technical and philosophical introduction to AI with an emphasis on AI's limitations. Larson, a computer scientist and tech entrepreneur, keeps his central claim modest: true general AI is neither inevitable nor imminent, and if it is possible, it will require fundamentally new approaches. It is an easy read, combining references to fiction, history, and science. It lays out a bird's eye view of the origins and ideas behind current AI methods, focusing on general AI, a category of AI that would need to learn and engage with a wide variety of problems. *Separated into three parts, The Myth of AI begins with the history and algorithmic logic of AI, largely through the lens of the Turing test. Larson argues that we are not near the singularity (superintelligent computers able to create ever more intelligent machines) and that, in fact, the basic premise of the singularity is flawed. *The second part discusses inference. AI falls short of human intelligence because it can work with hard rules, but cannot make the guesses necessary to formulate new ones or handle uncertain rules. In attempts at the Turing test, AI can throw data at the problem but will always lack understanding. Achieving the understanding necessary for true intelligence will require an approach fundamentally different from recent advances made in AI, which are only effective for narrow AI (a category of AI for solving specialized problems) and not general AI. *The final, and relatively brief, part examines AI in science. According to Larson's assessment, new scientific research relies heavily on newly available computation power and big data in order to use narrow AI to its full extent. Larson claims that this approach will hinder development of new theories. He also claims that this leads to treating scientists as if they were computers as well, which causes overvaluing the system of science above people. He criticizes "swarm science," which he describes as a large group of scientists approaching one problem with a variety of projects, emphasizing this collaboration over the individuals. Instead, he claims, we need our culture to continue to emphasize individual discovery and intelligence, as it is the key to innovation. *Through the discussions of the history, philosophy, and logic of AI in the first two parts of the book, Larson disentangles the hype of AI from what is actually possible with current technology. Even as he sheds light on the gap between the singularity prediction and what machine learning is truly capable of, he emphasizes the significance of the myth. "The myth is an emotional lighthouse by which we navigate the AI topic" (p. 76). The stories we tell through predictions and science fiction define AI in the public eye and set the goals for AI research. *Our underlying philosophy matters as much as the current state of AI research, when we consider the social role of AI and what we predict for our future. In the development of AI, we must define intelligence and explore what it means to be human. While this is not a book with overtly religious claims, it does acknowledge the spiritual claims inherent in discussions of personhood. It also frames technoscience as replacing philosophy and religion and as the oversimplified understanding of humanity and the precursor to expectations of the singularity. *Beyond the stated goal of disenchanting the reader of the inevitability of AI, the book highlights the significance of stories to both society and science and emphasizes the importance of understanding for both humans and AI. We need to understand not only the technical aspects of the technology we build but also the philosophy that defines our goals. *While I found the first two sections of the book to be an engaging and accurate discussion of the tension between the science and hopes of AI, I had concerns about the warnings of "swarm science" in the third. Larson is placing a strong emphasis on individual genius in science; however, science has never been a truly independent endeavor. Many times in history, from evolution to DNA, multiple teams of scientists independently made the same discoveries at nearly the same time, based on previously published work. Though these discoveries were not inevitable, they built upon other research and relied on collaboration at least as much as individual genius. Larson focuses on a particular neuroscience project and makes some valid criticisms, but then he generalizes his observations to all of science in ways that I do not believe to be accurate. His argument that all of science is moving away from theory toward shallow observations is not as obvious as he claims, nor is it supported by the evidence offered in the book. *As a counterexample, the research that resulted in the COVID-19 vaccine could be considered "swarm science" and was effective. Large amounts of funding were very suddenly directed to many scientists for one goal: understand and prevent the coronavirus. Due to both new funding and established research, we developed and approved multiple vaccines in one year. I was not convinced of several of Larson's generalizations in this third section. Tension between celebrating collaboration and individual genius will persist. However, it appears that there is more collaboration in science today. This is likely due to a variety of reasons, including a scientific community connected by the internet and more contributors receiving appropriate credit for their work. *The Myth of AI is a broad view of AI that should prove valuable and comprehensible to readers with or without a technical background. The first two sections offer a clear explanation and history of AI, and the third offers food for thought on how the process of science has been shaped by advances in AI and computer technology. The first sections would be a good introduction to someone not familiar with AI or looking to think about the philosophy of AI and I would recommend the book for these sections. *While the book avoids religious claims, the philosophical discussions of what it means to "understand" and the level of trust we place in AI are essential questions for Christians working in technology-related disciplines. The Myth of AI presents a jumping-off point for much deeper reflection about using AI responsibly and what it means to be human. *Reviewed by Elizabeth Koning, graduate student in the Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801.


Epidemic Cerebro-spinal Meningitis.?Cerebrospinal meningitis was first described in 1805, by Vieussieu of Geneva, who studied an epidemic in his city. Next year, in 1806, its first appearance in America was recorded, and since that time various outbreaks have been chronicled in the latter ?country and in Europe, while recent severe ?epidemics in Germany and in the United States have aroused public anxiety as well as stimulated professional interest. Since 1860 the disease appears to have taken the form of occasional


The genus Trichonius Bates, 1864 and its species are redescribed. Eight species are recognized, of which five are described as new: Trichonius minimus sp. nov., T. bellus sp. nov. and T. griseus sp. nov. from French Guiana and Brazil; T. affinis sp. nov. (Mato Grosso), and T. atlanticus sp. nov. (Bahia, Minas Gerais) from Brazil. All the species are illustrated and a key to species provided.


A design for a 30-tesla, liquid-neon-cooled magnet was reported which is capable of continuous operation. Cooled by nonboiling, forced-convection heat transfer to liquid neon flowing at 2.8 cu m/min in a closed, pressurized heat-transfer loop and structurally supported by a tapered structural ribbon, the tape-wound coils with a high-purity-aluminum conductor will produce over 30 teslas for 1 minute at 850 kilowatts. The magnet will have an inside diameter of 7.5 centimeters and an outside diameter of 54 centimeters. The minimum current density at design field will be 15.7 kA/sq cm.


Abstract Truncating the Fourier transform averaged by means of a generalized Hausdorff operator, we approximate functions and the adjoint to that Hausdorff operator of the given function. We find estimates for the rate of approximation in various metrics in terms of the parameter of truncation and the components of the Hausdorff operator. Explicit rates of approximation of functions and comparison with approximate identities are given in the case of continuous functions from the class $\text {Lip }\alpha $
 .


The land-based temperate Malaspina Glacier is a partial analog to the late Wisconsinan Laurentide Ice Sheet that occupied New England and adjacent areas. The Malaspina occupies a bedrock basin similar to basins occupied by the margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Ice lobes of the Malaspina are similar in size to end moraine lobes in southern New England and Long Island,New York. Estimated ice temperature, ablation rates, surface slopes and meltwater discharge per unit of surface area for the Laurentide Ice Sheet are similar to those for the Malaspina Glacier. In a simple hydrologic-fluvial model for the Malaspina Glacier meltwater moves towards the glacier bed and down-glacier along intercrystalline pathways, crevasses and moulins, and a series of tunnels. Regolith and bedrock at the glacier floor, which are eroded and transported by subglacial and englacial streams, are the sources of essentially all fluvio-lacustrine sediment on the Malaspina Foreland. Supraglacial eskers containing coarse gravels occur as much as 100 m above the glacier bed and are evidence that bedload can be lifted hydraulically. Subordinant amounts of sediment are contributed to outwash by small surface streams draining the ice margin. By analogy a similar hydrologic-fluvial system existed along the southeastern margin of themore » Laurentide Ice Sheet. Subglacial regolith and bedrock eroded from beneath the Laurentide Ice Sheet by meltwater was also the source of most glaciofluvial and glaciolacustrine deposits in southern New England, not sediment carried to the surface of the ice sheet along shear planes and washed off the glacier by meltwater.« less


Surface enhanced Raman scattering was observed from cyanide adsorbed on copper. The cyanide was adsorbed electrochemically and the spectra were taken in air. The relevant parameters were optimized to produce the largest Raman signal. The adsorbed material is believed to consist of multilayer coverage of CuCN on copper metal. The Raman signal probably results from the first adsorbed layer with an enhancement on the order of 104.


Objective
To investigate chromosomal abnormalities in fetuses with conotruncal defects(CTD).

Methods
From January 2013 to February 2017, 107 fetuses (singleton pregnancy) prenatally diagnosed as CTD in Beijing Anzhen Hospital were enrolled. Umbilical cord specimens of these fetuses were collected after termination of pregnancy and analyzed by low coverage whole gene sequencing to detect chromosomal aneuploidy and copy number variations. Types of chromosomal abnormalities in these cases were analyzed. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis.

Results
Twenty-two cases (21%, 22/107) were identified with chromosomal abnormalities. The most common seen chromosomal abnormalities were found in those with interrupted aortic arch (2/2), followed by those with tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia/stenosis accompanied with ventricular septal defect (28%, 12/43). No chromosomal abnormalities were detected in fetuses with aortopulmonary septal defect (0/2). Differences were shown in the detection rates of chromosomal abnormalities among different types of CTD (χ2=12.744, P=0.026). Among the 22 fetuses with chromosomal abnormalities, there were seven with abnormal aneuploidy (three trisomy-13s, two trisomy-18s, one trisomy-21 and one 45,X) and 15 with pathogenic copy number variations [11 cases with 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome, two with 17p12p11.2 microdeletion (Smith-Magenis syndrome), one with 8p23.3p21.3 microduplication and one with 2p23.1p25.2 microdeletion]. Of the 15 cases with pathogenic copy number variations, 12 segments of microdeletion/microduplications were de novo and one was paternally inherited, while the causes of the other two were not clear because their parents refused chromosomal testing.

Conclusions
Fetal CTD are likely to be accompanied with aneuploidy abnormalities and chromosome microdeletions/microduplications and the detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities varied with the type of CTD. Microdeletion and microduplication, especially de novo microdeletions/duplications, are the common chromosomal abnormalities. Chromosome analysis is recommended for fetuses prenatally diagnosed with CTD.

Key words:
Cardiovascular abnormalities; Chromosome aberrations; Chromosome deletion; Aneuploidy; DNA copy number variations


The interactions of {sup 16}O, {sup 22}Ne, and {sup 28}Si nuclei at energies of 3.3-3.7 GeV per nucleon, of {sup 28}Si nuclei at an energy of 13.7 GeV per nucleon, and of {sup 32}S nuclei at an energy of 200 GeV per nucleon with Ag and Br are analyzed. The data obtained show that nuclear fragmentation occurs not only as the result of evaporation, but that it is also governed by another mechanism of the explosive type. The features revealed for the specific multiplicities of all secondary particles indicate that it is impossible to represent nucleus-nucleus interactions as a superposition of hadron-nucleus collisions. 16 refs., 7 figs., 2 tabs.


Abstract The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine COVID-19-related concerns and risk perceptions among older employees aged 50+ related to reopening a large state university campus during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recruitment focused on older employees from diverse backgrounds and job classifications. Six focus group interviews, with a total of 24 participants, were conducted using Zoom video conferencing. Interviews were transcribed using Zoom and were double-checked for accuracy. Transcripts were coded and analyzed using ATLAS.ti 9 after establishing inter-rater reliability among two coders. During the campus reopening, older employees reported several concerns and perceptions of risk focused on COVID-19 exposure and transmission to others, individual health and health of other household members, mental health and stress, and job security. Findings were used to inform the development of intervention strategies and resources to promote the health and well-being among older employees during the pandemic.


In the long-term operation of power grids, foreign objects on transmission lines can affect the safe and stable operation of transmission lines and even lead to large-scale power outages, which bring incalculable losses to social and economic development. In this paper, based on the characteristics of the acquired transmission line images, we construct a transmission line foreign object dataset, improve the loss calculation and network structure of the basic Faster RCNN based on the RCNN network model target detection method, and detect foreign objects on transmission lines, such as plastic film, kites, bird nests, ice, etc., by training the model. The final experimental results show that compared with the traditional object recognition method, the improved Faster R-CNN not only overcomes the instability of manually extracted features, but also has the ability to resist complex environmental interference and improves the accuracy of foreign object detection on transmission lines.


The current COVID-19 pandemic has created new environmental problems. The increase of medical waste due to increased activity in public health facilities is a new threat to environmental health. Unfortunately, not all health facilities have the capacity to manage their own waste. This causes the medical waste need to be taken to a waste treatment center for proper treatment that meets environmental health standards. Reverse logistics is one of the activities that can help the process of transporting medical waste. This study uses a vehicle routing problem with a time window (VRPTW) for multi depot cases. The limitations used in this study are the operational time of each Puskesmas, vehicle capacity and operational working hours of waste transport officers. In this case, the optimization of the cost calculation for the transportation of waste from 42 health centers in the DKI Jakarta area is carried out to be taken to three central locations for waste treatment. The purpose of the model used is to minimize transportation costs, namely fixed costs and variable costs of the vehicle used. The routes generated from this research are six transportation routes with a total distance of 412,31 km, with a total cost of Rp 5.928.498,75.


There are only few Brazilian studies that have measured the quality of life (QOL) of university students. This paper surveyed the QOL of students from a public university in Brazilian northeastern and its relation with knowledge fields. Therefore, WHOQOL-BREF was answered by 975 students. The participants were mostly female (55.6%) with an average age of 21 years old (SD + 5) and with a mean family income of R$ 3.875.00 (SD + 4,690). The medium value of the QOL of all participants was 62.04 (SD = 12.15). Withal the areas of Health (M = 63,7; DP = 12,47), Education (M = 63,64; DP = 11,91) and Applied Social Sciences (M =62,93; DP = 11,97) presented significantly higher QOL than the general medium value, whilst the areas of Technologies (M = 61,32; DP = 11,99) and Human Sciences (M =60,62; DP = 12,1) revealed a medium QOL lower than the average overall. Regardless of the study field of the participants, the QOL scores were higher for social domains, followed by psychological, physical and environmental domains. It is suggested an increase on the amount of studies about this subject, including a more miscellaneous sample of students and more diverse data collection methods. Key-words: quality of life, life style, students Brazilian Journal of Development Braz. J. of Develop., Curitiba, v. 6, n. 9, p.68024-68045,sep. 2020. ISSN 2525-8761 68026


, Mw = 10,000 g/mol) and O-(2-Carboxyethyl)polyethylene glycol(PEG-COOH, Mw = 10,000 g/mol) molecules. The modified PEG capped ZnS:Mn nanocrystal powders werethoroughly characterized by XRD, HR-TEM, EDXS, ICP-AES and FT-IR spectroscopy. The optical propertieswere also measured by UV/Vis and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies. The PL spectra showed broademission peaks at 600 nm with similar PL efficiencies of 7.68% (ZnS:Mn-PEG-NH2) and 9.18% (ZnS:Mn-PEG-COOH) respectively. The measured average particle sizes for the modified PEG capped ZnS:Mnnanocrystals by HR-TEM images were 5.6 nm (ZnS:Mn-PEG-NH2) and 6.4 nm (ZnS:Mn-PEG-COOH),which were also supported by Debye-Scherrer calculations. In addition, biological toxicity effects of thenanocrystals over the growth of wild type E. coli were investigated. They showed no biological toxicity toE. coli until very high concentration dosage of 1 mg/mL of the both nanocrystal samples.Key Words : ZnS:Mn nanocrystal, Polyethylene glycol derivatives capping, Water-dispersible nanocrystal,Biological toxicity IntroductionNanosized semiconductor materials have gained signi-ficant attention over the past decade.


To create more jobs in the non-agricultural sector for rural labor is of great importance to boost rural development and narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents. The gender differences in non-agricultural employment are of particular interests. Using household survey data, this paper examines the gender differences in non-agricultural employment and the factors affecting female rural non-agricultural employment. Policy implications are discussed.