Today the steady increase in the consumption of reinforced composite materials indicates their value as competitive engineering materials, and they are successfully replacing more conventional materials in many applications. In the wind energy industry, glass fiber reinforced composite materials have been used to make wind turbine blades which require long service life under severe loading and unloading environments. Thus, the fatigue resistance of wind turbine blades is an important design consideration. In this study, a plasma reactor system was developed and plasma polymerization was used to modify the surface of E-glass fibers in an attempt to improve the fatigue resistance of composites. An inductively coupled radio frequency glow discharge reactor was designed and constructed "in house" for the experiments. E-glass fiber strands and fabric cloth were used as the substrates. Ethylene and methane gases were used as the monomers. The effects of different reaction parameters, such as the discharge power, the reaction time, the gas flow rate and system pressures, were explored. The characteristics of plasma polymerized films were analyzed using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical properties of treated fiber strands and fabric cloth were tested by Jinhua Bian at Montana State University. Plasma treatment of glass fibers is an effective method for modifying the fiber surface properties and allows for the most flexibility. The ethylene or methane plasma polymerized films on the glass fibers could not be washed off with acetone, and no degradation was observed after keeping the treated fibers inthe air for one week. For ethylene or methane plasma treated fiber strands and fabric, a better coating was obtained at higher discharge power and longer reaction time. However, the plasma deposition and plasma etching would reach an equilibrium state and no further plasma deposition could be observed after the equilibrium discharge power and reaction time level. SURFACE MODIFICATION OF E-GLASS FIBERS WITH RADIO FREQUENCY PLASMA POLYMERIZATION AND ITS EFFECT ON FATIGUE RESISTANCE OF COMPOSITES


The article considers topical problems of modeling control processes in intelligent systems in transport. Management of such systems also involves control and monitoring of the processes of their design and maintenance. The article proposes an ontological model of process control of intelligent systems in transport. The proposed ontological model is necessary for the formation of a common understanding of the essence of the subject area, which is the transport sphere (transport systems, transport enterprises, vehicles and transport infrastructure). The proposed ontological model contributes to the presentation of knowledge in a form that is convenient for their processing in the intelligent system of transport; ensuring the possibility of obtaining and accumulating new knowledge. The proposed ontological approach provides multiple use of knowledge and previously developed ontologies. The proposed approach allows the use of modern multi-agent technology, when each agent has its own ontological model. The considered ontological approach to modeling of management of intelligent systems allows to pass to automatic control of processes in these systems (in the presence of the corresponding restrictions). The developed ontological model of the subject area is planned to be expanded and supplemented with new components, imposing appropriate restrictions. The OWL software code obtained from the simulation results in Protégé can be further used within the knowledge base of the intelligent system, processing this information in various software applications, including Java applications.


This paper deals with the hardware and control system design of a low power active suspension system for a passenger car application. The theoretical analysis is supplemented with hardware design aspects and an evaluation of the ride and handling qualities of a modified mid-size sportscar equipped with a newly developed actuator system. The suspension system denoted by Delft Active Suspension (DAS) is able to suppress the low frequent sprung mass motions (such as roll during cornering or pitch during braking/accelerating) using only a small amount of energy. Besides being able to control the vehicle's attitude, DAS can also be applied for improving the ride when the vehicle is operated on an uneven road (vibration control) (A) For the covering abstract of the book see IRRD 875218.


A periodic self-interaction is proposed as a possible extension of the standard model Higgs potential. Using the usual parametrisation of the field around the first minimum, one recovers the Lagrangian of the Higgs sector but with a periodic self-interaction term for a single-component real scalar field. The exact phase structure of the periodic scalar theory, i.e., the sine-Gordon model has been mapped out by the functional renormalization group method in arbitrary dimension and it is shown that the model has a single (broken) phase for d>2. Results are used to study the phase structure of the equivalent neutral Coulomb gas and to demonstrate that the isotropic XY spin model belongs to a different universality class for d>2.


Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is a vegetatively-propagated crop which is used as a natural dye in the food industry and also presents many biological active compounds. Turmeric conventional breeding is difficult and often limited to germplasm selection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic divergence among turmeric accessions available in Brazil using seven morpho-agronomical descriptors. Overall genetic divergence was low, although some divergent genotypes were identified. Four main groups of genotypes were identified and could be further used in breeding programs. Canonical variable analysis suggested that some descriptors were more important to discriminate accessions and also that one of the descriptors could be discarded. The results provided useful insights for better management of the germplasm collection, optimizing conservational and breeding efforts.


In recent years, the effects of the N methyl D aspartate(NMDA) receptor on the long term potentiation(LTP) and the intracellular cascade reaction after the activation of the NMDA receptor are emphasised widely by people through antagonists and gene knockout technique. These studies show the processeing of induction and maintenance of the LTP. The results provide evidences for the pre and post synaptic mechanism of the LTP.


Cloud computing has created much enthusiasm in the IT world, institutions, business groups and different organizations and provided new techniques to cut down resource costs and increase its better utilization. It is a major challenge for cloud consumers and service providers equally. Establishing one's identity has become complicated in a vastly interconnected cloud computing network. The need of a consistent cloud security technique has increased in the wake of heightened concerns about security. The rapid development in cloud data storage, network computing services, accessing the cloud services from vendors has made cloud open to security threats. In this chapter, we have proposed an approach based on Ear Biometric for cloud security of individual consumers and vendors. This approaches started to get acceptance as a genuine method for determining an individual's identity. This chapter provides with the stepping stone for future researches to unveil how biometrics can change the cloud security scenario as we know it.


This article has as purpose to discuss concepts about aesthetic and artistic education based on Friedrich Schiller a German philosopher, who contributed for a theoretical support which objective is the human life fullness, characterized by the relation of the sensitivity with the rationality. The author believes that this analogy makes it possible to turn viable the being, a necessary humanity to promote social changes, when providing an aesthetic education which overcomes the primordial nature need and its extends by means of a culture which reveals the Beauty. Schiller points out art as one of the premises to experience, the human perception and the creative capacity towards the "I", of the other and of the environment conscience. The article also reveals a proposal of pedagogical practice in art-tridimensional nature education supported by Schiller principles and the support by Piaget worked out stages of intelligence.

Key words: Schiller. Piaget. Art. Education.


For the laser-induced shockwave lithotripsy the electromagnetic energy of a laser light pulse is converted intracorporally into the acoustic energy of a shock wave. The lithotriptor is based on a specially developed, Q-switched Nd:YAG laser whose high power light pulses (70 mJ, 25 ns) are coupled into a flexible quartz fiber of 600 pim core diameter. Using focussing elements energy densities higher than 6 1O J m2 can be achieved resulting in an optical breakdown in water followed by a shock wave. As a result of different absorption mechanisms the breakdown threshold can be decreased by placing a metallic target into the laser beam. The different shockwave formations of such optomechanical transducers have been measured. First clinical applications have been performed.


A method for calibrating the total annual cost function of a single firm is developed by using optimal control and assuming rational behavior of the firm. The method is applied to peat-harvesting firms in New Brunswick, but has wider applicability. Information on the exogenous variables is available without resorting to surveys of individual firms, leaving as endogenous the variables specific to a firm. The results are sufficiently promising that the approach suggested herein may serve as a useful set of parameters for individual firms in follow-up work.


A series motor, energized by the current from a noisy resistor, develops a nonzero average torque; it seems that work can be done by the motor while the resistor's temperature decreases, violating the second law of thermodynamics. This paradox is resolved by specifying the thermodynamic properties of the motor's load.


The banking sector is increasingly involved in environmental protection and management initiatives by introducing green banking practice. Green banking is very much in line with the principles of Islamic banks that underlie its practice on Islamic values, which among other things prohibit humans from making damage on earth. The purpose of this study is to determine the green banking practice in Indonesia's Islamic Banks from 2014-2017 using environmental risk index. Environmental risk index uses 44 variables which are grouped into ten thematic vectors that relate to different aspects of environmental risk management. This study reveals that the green banking practice in Indonesia's Islamic Banks is still quite low. In average, Indonesia's Islamic Banks excellent in water management, paper management, employee involvement in environmental commitment and collaboration with NGOs while in terms of carbon neutrality, waste management, environmental due diligence, ESG specific funds, environmental training and involvement in initiatives recognized environment still needs improvement. The finding of this study provide a significant contribution in green banking practice of Indonesia's Islamic Banks. They can find out how much green banking practice has so far been running and in what ways they need improvements to achieve the maximum Environmental Risk Index score.


M. Naveh-Benjamin, N. Ohta, Preface. Part I. Psychological Perspectives: Short-Term and Working Memory. P. Verhaegen, Working Memory Still Working: Age-Related Difference in Working Memory Functioning and Cognitive Control. S. Kemper, The Interaction of Linguistic Constraints, Working Memory, and Aging on Language Production and Comprehension. E. Harada, Error Repetition Phenomenon and its Relation to Cognitive Control, Working Memory and Aging: Why Does it Happen Outside the Psychology Laboratory? Part 2. Psychological Perspectives: Long-Term Memory. M. Naveh-Benjamin, Age-Related Changes in Episodic Memory: Automatic and Strategic Contributions. L. Light, Dual Process Theories of Memory in Old Age: An Update. D. Howard, J. Howard, Dissociable Forms of Implicit Learning in Aging. G. Einstein, M. McDaniel, M. Scullin, Prospective Memory and Aging: Understanding the Variability. Part 3. Social, Emotional, and Cultural Perspectives. T. Hess, L. Emery, Memory in Context: The Impact of Age-Related Goals on Performance. E. Kensinger, Emotion-Memory Interactions in Older Adulthood. A. Castel, S. McGillivray, M.C. Friedman, Metamemory and Memory Efficiency in Older Adults: Learning about the Benefits of Priority Processing and Value-Directed Remembering. Part 4. Neuroscientific, Biological, Epidemiological, and Health Perspectives. G. Kalpouzos, L. Nyberg, Multimodal Neuroimaging in Normal Aging: Structure-Function Interactions. S.-C. Li, Dopaminergic Modulation of Memory Aging: Neurocomputational, Neurocognitive, and Genetic Evidence. R. Dixon, B.J. Small, S.W.S. MacDonald, J.J. McArdle, Yes, Memory Declines With Aging-But When, How, and Why? K. Anstey, Biomarkers and Memory Aging: A Lifecourse Perspective.


The etiologic agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a retrovirus called human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The CD4 molecule on helper T cells serves as a receptor for HIV infection. The viral RNA is converted into DNA by its own reverse transcriptase and incorporated into cellular DNA, resulting in an establishment of persistent infection. In the presence of lymphocyte-activating factors or some other factors, HIV is activated in vivo in infected individuals, resulting in insufficiency of cell-mediated immunity. Indeed, it takes several years for infected individuals to develop clinical symptoms of AIDS after initial HIV infection. This clinical feature of AIDS suggests that some factors other than HIV itself may be related to the onset of AIDS. On the other hand, the rapid replication of HIV seems to directly affect the development or progress of AIDS. Therefore, anti-HIV drug therapy is also essential for AIDS. Most of the HIV-infected persons in Japan are hemophiliacs to whom HIV was transmitted by administration of clotting factors. What is required now is to protect these HIV carriers from the development of AIDS as well as to prevent further spread of HIV.


To solve the problem of the detection and estimation of the signal known except for direction in Gaussian noise for passive radar,the sequential implementation for joint detection and estimation is discussed,the sufficient statistics of unknown direction is proposed and the natural conjugate density function class is constiucted,then the algorithm of the sequential joint detection and estimation is developed.The simulation results show that the new algorithm out performs the traditional one by about 2 dB,in which the estimation follows the detection.


When reared on diet containing the dye, Calco oil red, at a rate of 7.5 mg/individual, the corn ear worm did not perform differently from those reared on normal diet. Adult insects lived longer and mated more frequently when held at lower densities. The optimum density for egg production was 1 pair/1-gal cage.


The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between empathy levels, self-perceptions, and interactive play skills with peers in children during the preschool period. The study utilized a quantitative research design, specifically employing a correlational survey model. A total of 128 children attending educational institutions in the Uskudar district of Istanbul, Turkey, were included in the study. The participants were selected using the convenience sampling method. The data collection instruments used in the study were the "Demographic Information Form," "Empathy Scale for Children," "Purdue Self-Concept Scale for Preschool Children," and the " Penn Interactive Peer- Playing Scale-Teacher Form". The study's results revealed a moderate positive correlation between children's empathy skill levels and play interactions. Additionally, a moderate negative correlation was found between empathy skill levels and disengagement from play. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between the sub-dimension of maternal acceptance, which is one of the components of the self-perception scale, and play interactions, while a negative correlation was identified between scores related to play disruption and disengagement. However, no significant relationship was found between the other sub-dimensions of the self-perception scale, namely social, academic, and physical competence, and play skills.


Possible use of electron emission from carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for precision machining has been realized only recently. It is hypothesized that by coupling CNT electron emission with radiation transfer mechanism nano-scaled machining can be achieved. A laser, for example, can be used to raise the temperature of the workpiece near its melting point, and a carbon nanotube is then used to transfer additional energy required to the workpiece to complete the removal of minute amount of materials for nanomachining process. To investigate this hypothesis, a detailed numerical/analytical study is conducted. Electron transfer is modeled using a Monte Carlo approach, and a detailed radiation transfer model, including Fresnel reflections is adapted. Based on the numerical simulations we found that a power of one-tenth of a watt is required from a CNT alone to raise the temperature of gold beyond its melting point. However, using a localized heating with a 400-nm laser, the required power can be reduced by roughly more than a half. This paper outlines the details of the numerical simulation and establishes a set of design guidelines for future nanomachining modalities.


This research report is submitted in partial fulfilment of the Master of Arts in
Demography and Population Studies, in the Faculty of Humanities (School of Social
Sciences), at the University of the Witwatersrand, 2016


Abstract The bilateral trade and investment between China and India have been the most agreeable as also the most reliable positive link in the history of their not‐so‐correct relations. Therefore, despite being very negligible compared to their individual growth patterns and especially compared to their potential, economic engagement between these two Asian powers presents one example of how increasing mutual stakes and common understanding flowing from purely economic interactions can contribute to improving of overall interstate relations. However, while economic egnagement may function as a cushion for absorbing much of their misperceptions or genuine problems at the political level, yet this also shows that not‐so‐correct relations do have an impact in slowing down the pace of progress in their economic engagement. Therefore, in the context of China and India, the success of their economic interactions must be assessed from the angle of (a) its contribution to improvement in their overall relations and (b) its limitations in achieving its full potential in normal time span. It is in this context that this paper examines the nature and role of Sino‐Indian economic engagement.


On April 2, 2015, the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) rendered its first ever advisory opinion by the full Tribunal in response to a request for an advisory opinion submitted by the Sub-Regional Fisheries Commission (SRFC), a regional fisheries organization comprised of seven West-African States. The Tribunal was asked to address four substantive questions relating to the obligations of the flag and coastal states regarding fisheries management and the ensuing responsibility of both states and competent organizations for illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing. In doing so, it also had occasion to clarify whether ITLOS indeed has plenary advisory jurisdiction.


In formulating some thoughts regarding a topic for discussion today I was influenced by a somewhat nostalgic reminiscence for 15 years' practice in the area of administrative law. The fact that I practised in the area at all is a source of some bemusement to me. When I became aware that the job that I had secured in the ACT in 1996 on my return from the United Kingdom involved the application of the principles of administrative law, I thought that I had happened upon a creature hitherto unbeknownst by me. It was only when attending my first conference in the area that I ran across my old administrative law lecturer from the University of Sydney, Stan Hotop, then a Senior Member of the Administrative Appeals Tribunal, that I was reminded that I had in fact studied the subject at university. It is far more telling of the quality of the candidate than the lecturer that I had absolutely no recollection of either attending or learning anything throughout that period. During the next 15 years of practice in the area I came to develop an enduring respect for the principles which underpinned this area of practice. On being appointed a magistrate in the ACT, I assumed that all I had finally learned in the area was once again to be rendered redundant as I embarked, this time as a referee rather than a player, into the adversarial game.


About 19 million Americans suffer from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), also known as GER or acid reflux disease. In many it could be silent and the patient may not be aware of the problem unless treated or tested. In this article we will see how GERD could cause respiratory symptoms such as chronic cough, persistent hoarseness, and laryngeal spasm and make preexisting asthma worse. During human development before birth, both lungs and esophagus and stomach develop from a common primordial tube. Therefore it is not surprising that one can influence the other significantly.


ABSTRACT When spatial variation is present in experiments, it is clearly sensible to use designs with favorable properties under both generalized and ordinary least squares. This will make the statistical analysis more robust to misspecification of the spatial model than would be the case if designs were based solely on generalized least squares. In this article, treatment information is introduced as a way of studying the ordinary least squares properties of designs. The treatment information is separated into orthogonal frequency or polynomial components which are assumed to be independent under the spatial model. The well-known trend-resistant designs are those with no treatment information at the very low order frequency or polynomial components which tend to have the higher variances under the spatial model. Ideally, designs would be chosen with all the treatment information distributed at the higher-order components. However, the results in this article show that there are limits on how much trend resistance can be achieved as there are many constraints on the treatment information. In addition, appropriately chosen Williams squares designs are shown to have favorable properties under both ordinary and generalized least squares. At all times, the ordinary least squares properties of the designs are balanced against the generalized least squares objectives of optimizing neighbor balance.


Introduction The radiological demonstration of peripheral blood vessels in the human cadaver was first achieved by Haschek in I896. In 1923 Berberich and Hirsch carried out the first in vivo arteriogram, but it was not until the introduction of safe radioopaque compounds, such as diodone, that the method came into universal practice. Today there is hardly a vascular system in the human body which has not been explored by arteriography. In this paper it is proposed to limit te discussion to arteriography of the limbs anif to aortography.


Railway systems, as with most Industrial Automation Control Systems (IACS), have been considered immune to cyber security threats and attacks for years. Nevertheless, the increase of interconnected and digitalized assets in the railway sector and the parallel increase of cyber-crime targeting IACS have driven the need for a coordinated approach to security assessment to deliver cyber-secure infrastructures and solutions in the railway industry. In this paper, the holistic cybersecurity approach proposed by the Shift2Rail project is depicted. A security assessment process is suggested for the railway industry that will deliver secure solutions and processes that are consistent and encompass asset owners, system integrators and product suppliers. The assessment procedure suggested blends together concepts from different international standards. In parallel, protection profiles and security-by-design concepts are defined and the current threat landscape is identified with the aim of setting a shared understanding and strategy for future security-related projects in the railway industry.


This study used attachment theory to examine romantic partners' use of negative behaviors to maintain their relationships. Romantic couples (N = 227 dyads) completed self-reports of their attachment styles and use of negative relational maintenance behaviors. Actor-partner interdependence models provided dyadic results: (a) having a secure attachment produced inverse actor effects for all negative maintenance behaviors except avoidance, and inverse partner effects for allowing control and infidelity; (b) having a preoccupied or a fearful attachment produced positive actor effects for all negative maintenance behaviors and positive partner effects for allowing control; and (c) having a dismissive attachment produced positive actor effects for jealousy induction, avoidance, infidelity, and destructive conflict, and positive partner effects for jealousy induction, spying, and allowing control.


Drilling machine is used for boring holes in various materials and used in woodworking, metalworking, construction and do-it-yourself projects. When the machine operate for a long time, the temperature increases and so we need to control the temperature of the machine and some lubrication system need to apply to reduce the temperature. Due to the improvement of technology, the system can be controlled with wireless network. This control system use Window Communication Foundation (WCF) which is the latest service oriented technology to control all drilling machines in industries simultaneously. All drilling machines are start working when they received command from server. After the machine is running for a long time, the temperature is gradually increased. This system used LM35 temperature sensor to measure the temperature. When the temperature is over the safely level that is programmed in host server, the controller at the server will command to control the speed of motor and applying some lubrication system at the tip and edges of drill. The command from the server is received by the client and sends to PIC. In this control system, PIC microcontroller is used as an interface between the client computer and the machine. The speed of motor is controlled with PWM and water pump system is used for lubrication. This control system is designed and simulated with 12V DC motor, LM35 sensor, LCD displayand relay which is to open the water container to spray water between drill and work piece. The host server choosing to control the drilling machine that are overheat by selecting the client's IP address that is connected with that machine.


In this field trial cotton was planted after barley in early June and irrigated up June 10. Double -row spacing produced 392 pounds more lint than single -row spacing although plant populations were lower than desirable in both patterns. Past research would indicate that 13,700 plants limited single -row production significantly, whereas 30,000 plants per acre in double row might not reduce yield, even though stripper harvest is less efficient at this population level. Skips in rows and harvest after frost appeared to have caused barky bales in stripper harvest.


The article discussed the necessity of hospital implementing human -oriented management from the viewpoints of the development tendency of hospital management,hospital competitiveness,service level,hospital culture,and so on.Some suggestions were proposed for promoting the personalized management in hospital, such as constructing personalized management system,cultivating and developing hospital culture,training and using human resource,improving personalized medical services,and so on.


One hundred years ago, the three major causes of death in the United States were tuberculosis, pneumonia, and gastrointestinal infections. Subsequently, the advent of antibiotics resulted in a majo...


continuance of the Kartar phase broad-spectrum foraging strategy. An increase in the number of sites, and of house pits within sites, suggests population growth during this phase. The lifeway reconstructed for the subsequent Coyote Creek phase exhibits the highest degree of logistical organization seen for the period of record, and closely resembles the ethnographic pattern. The three basic site types occur in the most even distributions of any period, while animal species distributions are the most uneven, indicating a tendency toward specialization on salmonid fish and deer. Finally, one monograph reports 30 historical-period sites with related archival and oral-interview documentation pertaining to late nineteenthand early twentiethcentury occupation. As pointed out by Sarah K. Campbell (series editor), previous studies have sketched the essential course of Plateau prehistory, but the large, systematically collected Chief Joseph data base makes a contribution both through its strong empirical documentation of proffered generalizations, and through the compelling evidence it provides for continuity of cultural patterns and general subtlety of change over time in the region. There are of course questions and doubts about some aspects of the interpretations offered, but a great and consistent virtue of this set of reports is that such problems are clearly identified, and not left for the reader to ferret out. The Chief Joseph research, as reported in these volumes, is outstanding for its theoretical and methodological integration. A stress on the recovery of artifactual and biotic remains in the context of well-defined cultural features was dictated by the project's theoretical focus on hunter-gatherer economic organization and mobility patterns. A pervasive alertness is displayed for possible bias in the archaeological record, and in the project's sampling of that record. This is evident for example in the thoughtful approach taken to the definition of "analytical zones" (aggregated provenience units), in the multistage approach taken to field sampling, and in the awareness manifested throughout the analytical discussions of how samplesize variation may affect quantitatively based interpretations. Prehistorians with regional research interests in the Plateau will profit by study of all of the volumes of this series. They contain an abundance of well-ordered, quantified data (nearly 1,000 tables in all) that should be applicable to various questions beyond those addressed in the current set of reports. For others, with more general interests in North American prehistory or in topically conceived hunter-gatherer studies, the most important volumes are the one on research design and the one that summarizes overall project results. Archaeologists concerned with the matter of how to effectively bring concrete, empirical field research to bear on abstract, theoretical questions (this should be all of us) can also learn from these two volumes. There may even be some tidbits here for the philosopher of archaeological science; the research-design volume reports candidly, with relevant specifics, that the original theoretical scheme proved only partially useful, and that the research design actually employed (here summarized after the fact) evolved considerably during the course of the project. It often is overlooked, when archaeologists complain among themselves about the limitations of culturalresearch-management contract work, that only in the context of large mitigation projects is funding normally available to generate, interpret, and make available for further analysis truly abundant and consistently controlled data bases, such as that from Chief Joseph. This set of reports is a signal example of how good archaeology can be done in this context, and all involved in the Chief Joseph project are to be congratulated on its fruitful outcome.


the risk associated with copyright laws defense, multimedia data associated with computer systems that provide quickly and also no cost indication associated with any kind of unauthorized multimedia data has been increased. One possible solution may be in order to add another signal or design in the impression that's not perceivable and is blended while using authentic a digital files that it is inseparable and unaltered versus almost any multimedia data signal running .This kind of stuck extra facts will be a digital watermark which is, in general, an obvious or maybe hidden detection rule that may comprise some information about the supposed beneficiary, the authorized seller or maybe author from the authentic files, their copyright laws and so on.as textual files or image. Here is a scheme to create a standard watermarking algorithm depending on Discrete Cosine Transformation (DCT) with regard to defending a digital photograph. Finally with the help of watermarking algorithm add the secret message in to original image. Also this proposed algorithm is used for copy write protection of digital images in DCT domain. KeywordsDiscrete cosine transform (DCT), copyright laws defense, Electronic impression watermarking.


In this paper, we present the performance of a dual bus reservation based (DBRB) access protocol, for high speed local and metropolitan area networks. The DBRB network consists of unidirectional dual bus topology of fiber optic cables. At each end there is a master station which generates a frame of slots. When a station wants to transmit, it has to make a reservation in a frame on one bus and waits for the free frame slots to transmit it's packets on the other bus. Within a single frame, each station is allowed to reserve any number of slots up to a maximum number of reservations that is set by the protocol. A simulation program and an approximate analytical model were developed for performance evaluation of the DBRB-net protocol and to study the characteristics of DBRB-net. Through simulation and approximate analytic analysis, it was shown that DBRB-net performance is not limited by operating data rate, the network size or normalized propagation delay if the appropriate network parameters were chosen. A comparison between the performance of DBRB-net and other high speed networks (HSN's) protocols proved that the DBRB has advantages of efficient throughput approaching unity for most practical configurations, low bounded delay, fair access for all nodes at different load, simplicity of the protocol, and implementation flexibility.<<ETX>>


At present,there are many impeding factors have restrained the agriculture sustainable development in our country such as agricultural technology backwardness,dual household register system,the land system and so on.Only from the angle to consider the question of relieves the system restraint,we can eliminate these basic bottleneck factors.Only establishes the effective village organization,consummate market integration of the city and countryside,implement the principle of national treatment of education,permit to compensated transfer the right of land employment,eradicate the discrimination of one's native heath,relieves the system restrains,implement the synthesis governs,we can fundamentally eradicate the restriction factors of agricultural development and establishes the foundation of agricultural sustainable development.


This paper mainly introduces partial long special type interface card wire rope in no molding equipment and processing experience conditions.It can develop processing slightly long special type interface card process,through studying general interface card processing method analysis and research


Given in the article is a morphological characteristic of the antral mucous membrane of children and adults who suffer from stomach and duodenal ulcer, alongside an assessment of the baseline histochemical indices of the epithelial layer before the patients' discharge from the hospital and after an extended period of six months, during which red palm oil was administered


The relationship between modern debris flows in the Antofagasta region of northern Chile (23oS) and El Nino events was studied through the revision of local newspapers, rainfall data and the characterization of geologic sections [Vargas et al., 2000]. During the twentieth century, all the debris flow episodes were associated to heavy rainfall (20-40 mm/3 hr) in austral winter during the development phase of strong to moderate El Nino events: August 1930, June 1940, May 1982, July 1987 and June 1991 (Figure 1). Meteorological conditions for the development of heavy rains in June18, 1991 have been described in Garreaud and Rutllant [1996], but further verification and search for additional meteorological mechanisms in different phases of the ENSO cycle should lead to improved ENSO reconstructions from Holocene alluvial sequences in this region.


Hourly soil moisture and rainfall data which from 12 soil water observation stations were used to analyse vertical variability of soil moisture under continuous drought or rainy conditions.The space-time characteristics of different depths soil moisture in one-time rainfall process was analysed,and the vertical changing regularities of soil moisture was discussed based on soil profile moisture variation diagram of Renhuai,Zhenyuan,Luodian and Libo.


Resilient and sustainable infrastructure development is necessary to support innovative industries. Batang Regency is one of the regencies on the island of Java that is currently intensively building infrastructure to prepare the Batang Integrated Industrial Estate (KITB). Therefore, the government also supports this Presidential Regulation Number 79 of 2019 and Presidential Regulation No. 109 of 2020, which observes the development of the Batang Regency Integrated Industrial Estate. When the Covid-19 pandemic hit Indonesia in early March 2020, many changes occurred in the infrastructure development process. Some infrastructure has been temporarily suspended due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Of course, this will be followed by a decrease in emissions due to limited movement and infrastructure development there. This study wants to analyze how the air changes from the beginning of the pandemic until 2022. The air changes will be seen by monitoring NO2 formed from emissions from cars, trucks, buses, and industry. This is intended to measure/identify how the pattern of air changes considering the Batang District is passed by the Pantura road so that there is a high intensity of movement. The method used is spatial analysis with google earth engine Sentinel 5P images. The result of this study can provide input monitoring emissions related to technological advances in the era of open data.


Objective To establish the method of MSC isolation and culture in vitro,and to induce MSC differentiation towards osteoblasts.Methods Human marrow was obtained by puncture and gradient centrifugation was performed to isolate cells containing MSCs,whose biological features were observed by cell culture.Results mesenchymal stem cell showed active proliferative capacity in vitro,and it could be induced to osteoblasts by using osteogenic inducing culture.Conclusion The conditions of isolation and culture of hMSCs were established successfully,and some biological features were observed,which create a base for further research using hMSCs as seed cells for bone tissue engineering.


The taxon Lycodrilusphreodriloides Michaelsen, 1905 is fully described for the first time. It is now recognized as Baikalodrilus phreodriloides (Michaelsen) comb.n., a member of the Tubificidae. This is the last of the original Lycodrilus species to be reclassified.


Increasing wettability of carbon felts is an important strategy to improve their efficiency in bio‐electrochemical applications. Herein, influence of cold remote plasma (N2 + O2) treatment on surfa ...


This article examines the main challenges of Mexican Fiscal Policy. For simpíicity we divide them into macro and micro leve!. Among the former ones, through an econometric analysis, we condude that oil revenues have been spent on current expenditures, contrary to wfiat the theory states. Lil<ewise, this is exerting pressure to the aggregate demand. Second, we find that Mexican fiscal policy is not sustainable. Finally, from the micro perspective it is concluded that México should restructure its revenue and expenditure sides of policy so that it promotes growth and redistributes income.


In this study, the design and analyses of a novel morphing trailing edge control surface is presented. The developed control surface is intended to be utilized on an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The morphing features of the control surface was obtained by using different compliant materials, which are able to undergo large in-plane deformations. The design also includes the utilization of the composite materials together with conventional aluminum material hence the design is called a hybrid one. The actuation was applied by using various number of small servo actuators located inside the control surface at different locations. During the design, CATIA V5-6R2012 package program was utilized and the structural analyses were conducted with Finite Element Method by using ANSYS® WorkbenchTM v14.0 package program. First, the design and analyses were done for in-vacuo condition and the relevant aerodynamic loading was later considered. The required aerodynamic loads, which were representing the flight conditions of the UAV, were calculated by Computational Fluid Dynamics analyses. The aerodynamic mesh used was generated by Pointwise® V17.2 R2 package program. The SU2 (Stanford University Unstructured) V3.2.1 open source software was also used in the study as the flow solver. The UAV had a baseline wing with NACA6510 airfoil. The required camber and de-camber characteristics were tried to be achieved for various NACA airfoil targets. By conducting a non-linear Finite Element Analysis it was shown that the control surface can successfully undergo both camber and de-camber morphing, both in-vacuo condition and under aerodynamic loading.


Flower is an object favored by most people since the ancient times till now. Flowers as symbol of beauty, love, happiness, and even sadness do not only exist in human everyday life, but also in religious ceremonies, festivals, even the poets also use the word flower as a symbol. Likewise, Chanoyu, which in the Indonesian language is known as tea ceremony, always use flowers in every step of its ritual. The flower as a literal meaning is poured in the form of a wreath as a marker of unity with nature and as a marker of the season, also the flower as a symbol is poured on a Zen proverb written on Kakejiku and hung on the tea room as a symbol of Chanoyu spirit. Chanoyu a tea-drinking tradition in Japan influenced by Zen Buddhism, was introduced to all societies in Japan by Sen no Rikyu in the 16th century. The influence of Zen in Chanoyu is not only on its unity with nature but also carried out with quiet stages as part of meditation to gain peace of mind. These two aspects affect the spirit of Chanoyu, namely, harmony, mutual respect, having a sincere heart, and always maintaining mental calmness that become the basic principle until now. Based on this matter, this paper discussed the symbol of flower that expressed through Zen proverb, taken from the book entitled Ippuku Haiken Zen no Kotoba Ocha no Kokoro by Chisaka Suugaku. This research was conducted to study the metaphorical meaning of the flower stated in the stated proverb that becomes the spirit of Chanoyu. Keywords—flower symbolism; Zen proverb; spirit of Chanoyu.


A new uplink bandwidth resource allocation scheme for broadband wireless multimedia systems was pro- posed.In this new method,all services were differentiated by the three types:real-time invariable rate services,real- time variable rate services and non-real-time services.According to the different requirements of delay and bandwidth of different services,this method adopted different algorithm to allocate uplink bandwidth,successfully resolved the up- link bandwidth allocation problem for the simultaneous multiple services,and also reduced the protocol wasting and transmission delay.The detailed illustration of the algorithm was proposed and the performance was evaluated by ex- periments.


Abstract : Kinetics of chlorine acceptance by succinimide suggests that the negative ionic form of the imide is responsible for the main course of the reaction. Additional data were obtained on the rate of reversible halogen transfer from N-chlorosuccinimide (NCSI) to various secondary amines. Preliminary results on the reactions of quinuclidine with halogenating agents indicate the great stability of the resulting chloroammonium form. The rate of formation of this species from hypochlorous acid and the base was determined. Although the mechanism of breakdown of NCSI in solution has not as yet been solved, several additional bits of information were obtained. (Author)


Nonprofit housing developers are taking on greater importance in U.S. housing policy. This study reports the findings of a survey of U.S. cities regarding the ways in which local governments provide support for nonprofit developers. The findings suggest that nonprofit developers are active in all larger U.S. cities and that local governments provide financial and technical resources to them. Further, the findings suggest that the political organization of the community-based housing sector is an important factor in determining the range of support provided by local government. The article provides a typology of political and programmatic arrangements reached by nonprofit housing providers and local governments.


We analyse Kepler/K2 light-curve data of the AM CVn system HP Librae (HP Lib). We detect with confidence four photometric periodicities in the system: the orbital frequency, both positive and negative superhumps, and the positive apsidal precession frequency of the accretion disc. This is only the second time that the apsidal precession frequency has ever been directly detected in the photometry of a helium accreting system, after SDSS J135154.46-064309.0. We present phase-folded light curves and sliding power spectra of each of the four periodicities. We measure rates of change of the positive superhump period of ∼10−7 d. We also redetect a quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) at ∼300 cyc d–1, a feature that has been stable over decades, and show that it is harmonically related to two other QPOs, the lowest of which is centred on the superhump/orbital frequency. The continuum power spectrum is consistent with a single power law with no evidence of any breaks within our observed frequency range.


The progressive intercalation of graphite by potassium has been studied by x-ray diffraction methods. It has been established that potassium graphites of stages 4, 3, 2 and 1 (with intercalated potassium layers separated by 4, 3, 2 and 1 graphite layers respectively) can be formed successively within a single graphite sample encapsulated with excess potassium. Each stage was prepared in turn by adjusting the temperature difference between the graphite and the potassium in a specially designed double furnace. The graphite layer stacking sequences and repeat distances for stages 2, 3 and 4 are stage 2 AB| BC| CA| A c=26·25 Å stage 3 ABA| ACA| A 24·20 Å stage 4 ABAB| BCBC| CACA| A 46·35 Å Within each intercalate layer the potassium atoms are distributed irregularly over the centres of carbon hexagons in adjacent graphite layers. The fully ordered structure of the stage 1 compound, A α A β A γ A δ A, has been confirmed.


A facile two-step asymmetric synthesis of target compounds (V) is achieved using L-proline-derived amine base (I) as chiral template and magnesiation with iPr-MgCl.


The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is estimated to be 13.4% worldwide and 15% in the United States. CKD has been recognized as a leading public health problem worldwide. Unfortunately, as many as 90% of CKD patients do not know that they already have CKD. Ultrasonography is usually the first and the most commonly used imaging diagnostic tool for patients at risk of CKD. To provide a consistent assessment of the stage classifications of CKD, this study proposes an auxiliary diagnosis system based on deep learning approaches for renal ultrasound images. The system uses the ACWGAN-GP model and MobileNetV2 pre-training model. The images generated by the ACWGAN-GP generation model and the original images are simultaneously input into the pre-training model MobileNetV2 for training. This classification system achieved an accuracy of 81.9% in the four stages of CKD classification. If the prediction results allowed a higher stage tolerance, the accuracy could be improved by up to 90.1%. The proposed deep learning method solves the problem of imbalance and insufficient data samples during training processes for an automatic classification system and also improves the prediction accuracy of CKD stage diagnosis.


The aim of this study is to analyze the Brazilian export profile, by technological  intensity, between 2000 and 2012. Data were extracted from the Ministry of Development,  Industry and Foreign Trade (MDIF), classified according to the Mercosur Common  Nomenclature (MCN) to six digits. The identification of categories of technological  intensity followed the classification proposed by the taxonomy of Pavitt (1984). It was  found that there was a tendency towards the reprimarization of the exports, and this process  was recognized through greater representation of primary goods and intensive in natural  resources over the period. Most of this scenario is due to the increase in international  commodity prices, resulted from the growth of demand from emerging markets, especially  China.


Invention of the digital camera and also cell phones with powerful cameras with moderate and low pricing system has given the common man the privilege to capture his world in pictures anywhere, at any time, and conveniently share them with others. This has resulted the generation of volumes of images. These factors have created numerous possibilities and finally created interest among the researchers towards the design of an efficient and accurate Content Based Information Retrieval (CBIR) system. That's why new technological advances and growth in CBIR has been unquestionably rapid during the last five years. Various face recognition methods are derived using local features, and among them the Local Binary Pattern (LBP) approach is very famous. The basic disadvantage of these methods is they completely fail in representing features derived from large or macro structures or regions, which are very much essential for faces. To address this present paper proposes a median based multi region LBP. The proposed median based multi region LBP, initially divides the facial image in to non-overlapped regions of size 5 × 5. LBP values are evaluated by dividing the region in to sub regions of size 3 × 3. The 9 sub-region LBP values are arranged in the sorted manner and the median LBP code is considered as the feature vector for the region. The present paper also proposes the minimum and maximum based regional LBP methods for efficient image retrieval. To overcome the noise and illumination effect the proposed method initially applied DOG preprocessing method with gamma correction. The proposed method is applied on FG-NET and Goggle databases for efficient facial image retrieval. The experimental results indicate the efficiency of the proposed method.


Dictionary learning (DL) has found many applications in sparse approximation problems. Two important properties of a dictionary are maximum and average coherence (cross- correlation) between its atoms. Many algorithms have been presented to take into account the coherence between atoms during dictionary learning. Some of them mainly reduce the maximum (mutual) coherence whereas some other algorithms decrease the average coherence. In this paper, we propose a method to jointly reduce the maximum and average correlations between different atoms. This is done by making a balance between reducing the maximum and average co- herences. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach reduce the mutual and average coherence of the dictionary better than existing algorithms.


Wake steering control can significantly improve the overall power production of wind farms. However, it also increases fatigue damage on downstream wind turbines. Therefore, optimizing fatigue loads in wake steering control has become a hot research topic. Accurately predicting farm fatigue loads has always been challenging. The current interpolation method for farm-level fatigue loads estimation is also known as the look-up table (LUT) method. However, the LUT method is less accurate because it is challenging to map the highly nonlinear characteristics of fatigue load. This paper proposes a machine-learning algorithm based on the Gaussian process (GP) to predict the farmlevel fatigue load under yaw misalignment. Firstly, a series of simulations  with yaw misalignment were designed to obtain the original load data, which considered the wake interaction between turbines. Secondly, the rainflow counting and Palmgren miner rules were introduced to transfer the original load to damage equivalent load. Finally, the GP model trained by inputs and outputs predicts the fatigue load. GP has more accurate predictions because it is suitable for mapping the nonlinear between fatigue load and yaw misalignment. The case study shows that compared to LUT, the accuracy of GP improves by 17% (RMSE) and 0.6% (MAE) at the blade root edgewise moment and 51.87% (RMSE) and 1.78% (MAE) at the blade root flapwise moment.


Introduction: This study was aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the emergency activity restriction policy implementation to slow down the daily incidence and mortality of COVID-19 in the East Java Province of Indonesia. Methods: An ecological study design was used for this research as the data were acquired from the daily confirmed cases and mortality reports of COVID-19 in 29 regencies and 9 cities in East Java Province of Indonesia from June 14 to July 25, 2021. Interrupted time series using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) was used for the analysis. Results: The mean of COVID-19 daily incidence and mortality was increasing during the implementation of emergency public activity restriction. The result of the ARIMA interrupted time series reported that the implementation of emergency public activity restriction significantly (P < 0.05) affects the increase of COVID-19 daily incidence in 18 cities and daily mortality in 9 cities. Analysis on the provincial level showed that there was no reduction both in daily incidence and mortality during the implementation of emergency public activity restriction. Conclusion: The study reported that the implementation of emergency public activity restrictions was not beneficial in reducing COVID-19 daily incidence and mortality in the East Java Province of Indonesia during the 1st month of policy implementation.


Recent findings indicate that thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) plays a key role in allergic inflammation (1). Thymic stromal lymphopoietin is highly expressed by keratinocytes in skin lesions of patients with atopic dermatitis and airway epithelial cells of patients with asthma. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin-activated dendritic cells secrete Th2-recruiting chemokines but not IL-12, and induce naı̈ve T cells to differentiate into inflammatory Th2 cells. The TSLP-activated dendritic cells can induce allergen-specific Th2 memory cells to undergo homeostatic expansion and further Th2 polarization and to mediate recall responses. Studies using mice with keratinocyteor lung-specific overexpression of TSLP or mice lacking the TSLP receptor support the findings in humans. Bogiatzi et al. (2) have recently reported that proinflammatory and Th2 cytokines act synergistically to induce the release of TSLP from human skin explants obtained from healthy donors. Very recently, we demonstrated that polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), a synthetic doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) recognized by toll-like receptor (TLR) 3, was the strongest trigger for TSLP production in primary human keratinocytes among TLR ligands tested, and the release can be synergistically enhanced with an atopic cytokine milieu (3). Topical glucocorticoids (GCs) and calcineurin inhibitors are mainstays of the treatment of atopic dermatitis (4). In human airway epithelial cells, GCs suppressed the dsRNA-induced release of TSLP in vitro (5). In the present study, we examined the effect of GCs and calcineurin inhibitors on the dsRNAinduced release of TSLP from primary human keratinocytes. Primary human keratinocytes (Cascade Biologics, Portland, OR, USA) were cultured in EpiLife KG2 (Kurabo, Osaka, Japan) with supplements including 300 nM hydrocortisone. Cells were seeded in flat-bottomed 96-well microculture plates and cultured until they reached 100% confluence, and then the medium was changed to fresh medium without the addition of hydrocortisone. After further cultivation for 24 h, cells were stimulated with poly I:C (GE Healthcare, Buckinghamshire, UK) and Th2/TNF cytokines (100 ng/ml IL-4, 100 ng/ml IL-13 and 20 ng/ml TNF-a; R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) in the absence or presence of GCs (Sigma, St Louis, MO, USA) or calcineurin inhibitors (FK506/tacrolimus and cyclosporin A; Sigma) (Fig. 1). Concentrations of TSLP were measured using diluted culture supernatants collected at 24 h after the stimulation with ELISA Kits (DuoSet; R&D Systems). At 10 and 10 M, dexamethasone inhibited TSLP s release (Fig. 1A) but cyclosporin A and FK506 did not (Fig. 1B). Glucocorticoids other than dexamethasone (prednisolone, betamethasone, fluticasone propionate and clobetasol propionate) showed similar inhibitory effect as dexamethasone (data not shown). Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) added to the medium at the dilution factors equivalent to those for stock solutions of the reagents did not affect the release (Fig. 1C), indicating that the inhibitory effect was not because of the solvent used in the preparation of stock solutions. Glucocorticoids had an inhibitory effect even at lower concentrations (10 to 10 M; data not shown). No synergistic effect was obtained with a GC plus either of the calcineurin inhibitors (data not shown). Glucocorticoids exert their anti-inflammatory actions through multiple mechanisms including transcriptional and posttranscriptional controls (6). Nuclear factor j-B (NFj-B), interferon regulatory factor-3 (IRF-3), STAT6 and activator protein-1 (AP-1) have been reported to contribute to the gene expression of TSLP in airway epithelial cells (5, 7, 8). Further study will be required to determine the mechanism by which GCs inhibit the release of TSLP from keratinocytes. In summary, we examined the potential of GCs and calcineurin inhibitors to suppress the dsRNA-induced release of TSLP from keratinocytes in an atopic cytokine milieu and demonstrated that GCs have an inhibiting effect at low concentrations. Glucocorticoids could be effective in the treatment of atopic dermatitis through the suppression of Glucocorticoids but not calcineurin inhibitors inhibit TLR3 ligandinduced TSLP in keratinocytes in atopic cytokine milieu.


For economic and efficient development of extremely high-condensate shale gas reservoirs, a numerical model of segmental multicluster fractured horizontal well was established considering the effect of condensate and desorption, and the optimization of fracturing segments, fracturing clusters, half-length of main fracture, fracture permeability, fracture mesh density, and fracture distribution patterns were studied. It is indicated that the horizontal well whose design length is 2,700 m performs best when it has 43 fracturing segments with three clusters in each segment and the fracture permeability is 300 mD. The production capacity of horizontal wells is positively linearly correlated with the half-length of fractures. Increasing fracture half-length would be an effective way to produce condensate oil near wellbore. An effective fractured area can be constructed to remarkably improve productivity when the half-length of the fracture is 50 m and the number of secondary fractures is four in each segment. On the basis of reasonable fracture parameters, the staggered type distribution pattern is beneficial to the efficient development of shale gas-condensate reservoirs because of its large reconstruction volume, far pressure wave, small fracture interference, and small precipitation range of condensate.


ABSTRACT Uranium dioxide (UO2) is one of the most common nuclear fuels. During burn-up, the fuel undergoes substantial microstructural changes including the formation of pressurized pores, thus becoming a porous material. These pores reduce the elastic modulus and alter the yield behavior of the material. In this work, a finite-element-based homogenization technique has been used to map the yield surface of UO2 with pressurized pores. Two scenarios are considered; in the first, the fuel matrix is a ductile material with a Von-mises type behavior, while in the second, the matrix is quasi brittle, which is simulated using the concrete damaged plasticity (CDP) model available in ABAQUS. For both of the scenarios, it is found that the yield strength decreases with an increase in porosity for a given internal pore pressure. For a given porosity, the yield surface shifts towards the negative hydrostatic axis in the Haigh-Westergard stress space with an increase in pore pressure. When the matrix is quasi brittle, the decrease in tensile hydrostatic strength is less than the increase in compressive hydrostatic strength, whereas in the case of a ductile matrix, the changes in the hydrostatic strengths are same. Furthermore, the shape of the yield surface changes from one deviatoric plane to another in both scenarios. Analytical equations, which are functions of pore pressure and porosity, are developed to describe the yield surface of porous UO2 while accounting for the changes in shape of the yield surface from one deviatoric plane to another. These yield functions can be used to predict the failure of porous UO2 fuel.


A computer-linked automated system was developed for counting the number of moving microorganisms under a microscope, that discriminates whether they showed reversals or smooth swimming. The features of the system are 1) commercial I/O devices, and a microcomputer can be used to process the moving pictures, 2) fast processing is accomplished by bit opera-tions for computing the correlation matrix, and pseudo moving objects for processing on the later frames, and 3) a number of cells on the frames are processed in a short time, occluded individuals on a frame are neglected.The system was used to study the phototactic behavior of Halobacterium halobium. High intensity background illumination caused a decrease in the sensitivity of the behavioral response of the cell to the attractant light.


This paper discusses the use of spatial autonomy for detecting and avoiding physical conflicts by using examples from a warehouse environment. Like many other real world environments that are the subject of simulation, a warehouse has numerous autonomous elements, including workers, AGVs and humanoperated equipment. Traditional simulations have not fully considered the effects of this autonomy, which can have significant impact upon system performance and result in accidents, delays, and deviation from modeled behavior. In the past, modelers have treated these deviations as inputs to simulations, hidden in travel time distributions and delays based on real world observations.


Performing exact numerical simulations, the photonic Hall effect is found to exist in clouds of resonant Rayleigh scatterers in a magnetic field. Our results also suggest that it could be observed in cold atomic vapors.


The force and compliance upon scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) of macromolecular specimens and the conductivity of the specimens upon scanning force microscopy (SFM) have been studied, using a hybrid scanning force/scanning tunnelling microscope. Unlike conventional force microscopy, the sample lies on top of the force sensor. This gives full freedom in the choice of the shape, size and material of the probing tip. Hence, the setup is well suited for those combined scanning probe microscopies, where the probe to sample distance must be kept constant while some property of the sample is measured locally in its near field.


The objective of the present study was to gain new insights on the evolution and phylogeny of the PPV genome, specifically on the NS1 and VP1/VP2 genes. Moreover, two new complete sequences from PPV isolates from China (BQ and ZJ strains) were generated and included in the study. The data set studied contained available NS1 and VP1/VP2 sequences at the GenBank database, plus those corresponding to the mentioned Chinese isolates. PPV sequences were divided into two major groups, with one group separated into two branches. Both phylogenetic groups were homogeneous and several marker aminoacidic changes and synapomorphic positions were identified along both genes. Despite the two genes were


Heavy frozen damage to winter wheat occurred in Huanghuanhai plain in 2004-2005.The cause analysis of the damage was conducted based on meteorological data of six representative stations in Huanghuaihai plain,including Beijing,Tianjin,Heze,Zhumadian,Shangqiu and Fuyang.In this study,winter in 2004-2005 was divided into two periods by 20th Dec.The accumulated temperatures from 1st Oct.to 20th Dec.at all stations were extremely higher as compared with the average annual values;however,the temperatures became extremely lower during period from 21st Dec.to 28th Feb.Under such excellent thermal condition before 20th Dec.,wheat plant developed rapidly and about 6-8 expanded leaves were obtained.In some areas,wheat plant even came in shoot elongating stage,and in this growing stage the ability of wheat seedling in resisting freeze became very low.On the other hand,the abrupt change in temperature after 20th Dec.induced low freeze-resistant ability due to lack of anti-freeze-exercise.Furthermore,the prevalence of spring-sown variety was also considered as an important reason for the heavy frozen damage in 2004-2005.


One of the central questions that the influence of the humanities on law raises is this: how, and with what legitimacy, can judgment take place if the texts on which judges base their decision do not – even in principle, let alone in practice – yield 'one right answer.' Over the past few years, as the question of judgment has ever more urgently weighed upon scholars within the broad church of the humanities, at least two kinds of answer have emerged: one broadly speaking influenced by Derrida's later work and the other, equally schematically, taking Heidegger as its point of departure. Now these two streams draw very closely on a common intellectual tradition and share many points of similarity. Both, for example, think that positivism is incapable of either adequately describing the nature of legal reasoning or seriously justifying its core claim that law is a system of determinates rules capable of neutral application. In this chapter I focus on these two divergent paths now open to law and the humanities. The key difference between them (although not everyone will agree) lies in the transcendentalism – I would say the Romanticism – of the latter, and the relativism I would say the humanism – of the former. The difference between the two strands of anti-positivism generated by recent work in law and the humanities has profound implications for our understanding of what it means to interpret a law or to make a legal decision. Secondly, we have both social and intellectual reasons to prefer the humanist perspective over its Romantic alternative. Drawing on the language of deconstruction, and the experience of literature that lies at its heart, I want to defend an understanding of the purpose and nature of legal judgment which places as its central concern the provisional and multi-vocal experience of human discourse. From this we might develop a theory of judgment that is neither positivist nor Romantic.


CAVITE THE BALL JOINT A HEAD OF A STENT. THIS IS FIXED PROSTHESIS BASIN OF A SUBJECT AND SHALL BE A FRAME 1, 2 AGAINST THE BOTTOM 2 WHICH IS APPLIED A STAMP 5 ELASTIC AGAINST WHICH REFERS A TRIM 3 PLASTIC AXIAL TO LIMIT TRAVEL WITHIN THE FRAME WHICH INCLUDES A CAVITE 4 BALL FOR BALL TO STAY THE HEAD OF A JOINT. STENT THIS IS INTENDED TO REPLACE THE HIP jOINT.


Objective:To explore a new extraction method of Baicalin.Methods:use the orthogonal test for optimization of extraction and purification of baicalin to determinate the best conditions of baicalin's extraction.Results:Of various factors on the extraction yield of baicalin,order is Ethanol concentration,extraction time,medicinal herbs granularity.Conclusion:Scutellaria preferred extraction process has good reproducibility and stability possible.


Drainage improvement projects in agricultural fields such as improvement of drainage channel and pump station have been carried out to prevent the influence of inundation for yield amount. In this research, finite element model in consideration of drainage channel and road was constructed, and the movement of the farmland drainage was analyzed. In this model, farmland which is delimited by drainage channel and road was assumed as a block. Then, flow in drainage channel and each block was modeled by one-dimensional unsteady flow model and two-dimensional shallow flow model, respectively. The introduction of present model makes it possible to forecast the inundation of the agricultural fields without dividing into small finite elements for the reproduction of drainage channel and road.


Objective To review the recent advances on polymeric nanoparticles obtained from synthetic polymer or natural macromolecule. Methods According to the references in recent years,the method and principles of preparing nanoparticles through synthetic polymer,proteins or polysaccharides were discussed in details. Results and Conclusions Polymeric nanoparticles can be prepared by emulsion-solvent evaporation,emulsion-solvent diffusion,aggregation,and other method. Such nanoparticles may be used as colloidal carriers for drug delivery.


Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is about 5% of all thyroid carcinomas and is hereditary in 20–30% of cases. Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN2), in addition to medullary thyroid cancer, may include pheochromocytoma, hyperparathyroidism, and some other manifestations. The multidisciplinary data bank (MDB) developed by us is a specialized resource for storing, accumulating and subsequent analysis of data on patients with MTC and MEN2 syndromes. The MDB allows you to collect data from any sources (primary care, medical institutions at various levels, federal centers) and provides internal automated control of the quality and quantity of input data. It is necessary to keep a record of such data to improve the efficiency of diagnostics, treatment and rehabilitation of patients. MDB is an integrated digital platform containing reference materials for doctors, which allows combining evidence-based clinical experience in patients, and provides the opportunity for expert support of medical decisions. In the long run, it will help us organize digitally stored data for machine learning and lays the groundwork for the development of artificial neural networks.


The objectives of this study were to test the effect of Nd: YAG Laser welding parameters (WP, PE, Ton and WS) on the HAZ of C.P Ti and T-6Al-7Nb alloys. The chosen Nd: YAG Laser welding parameters were three levels and CCD was selected to design the experiments. A 2nd regression equation relating to outputs and Nd: YAG Laser welding parameters was developed by using RSM. The result conducted that all the main effects of input parameters, i.e., WP, PE, Ton, and WS were found to be highly significant in affecting the HAZ.


Genome-wide association studies promise to significantly expand our knowledge of host control of deadly pathogens. Lurking in the background of these studies, however, is a serious methodologic issue. Individuals who participate in the cohorts used in genome-wide association studies are often


Athletes generally undertaken intermittent fasting via reducing their daily caloric intake for certain period of time. However, such practice may impair high intensity exercise performance mainly due to disturbances in fuel availability. Meanwhile, if such practice was continuous, body will make changes to meet the exercise demand. Hence, this study aimed to examine changes in lipid constituents throughout 10 days (D) of intermittent fasting (IFA) and normal diet (CON) while performing a series of intense exercise. Twenty male collegiate athletes (aged 20.3 ± 2.7 years; 2.8 ± 0.2 L.min-1 VO2peak) were randomly allocated to either IFA group which consumed 1590 ± 79 kcal.day-1 (40% total caloric omission), or CON group with 2672 ± 139 kcal.day-1 (normal intake). Participants performed high-intensity exercise at 90% VO2peak cycling to exhaustion, 2 h after breakfast in the morning on D0, D2, D4, D6, D8, and D10 before blood samples were collected. The high intensity exercise time-toexhaustion performance declined over the 10 days, however, showed a trend of recovery at the end of the experimental period. Compared to D0, plasma triglycerides decreased on D610 (P<0.01) whilst total cholesterol (TC) increased in IFA on D2-10 (P=0.01). LDL increased in IFA on D2-10 (P=0.01) in contrast to reductions in CON on D8-10 (P=0.01), whilst HDL increased in IFA on D6-10 (P=0.01). Loss in body weight was consistent with the changes in lipid constituents. In conclusion, the practice of intermittent fasting must exceed 10 days to ensure that high-intensity performance does not deteriorate although changes in HDL is evidence in the later phase of the intervention period. Keywords—ramadan fasting, caloric restriction, aerobic performance, lipids


By considering the compressibility of lubricant and the transient effect of variable load, sliding Velocities and curvature varying with time and coordinate, the transient elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication analysis on spur involute gears is given. A parametric study is conducted to in-verstigate the effects of geometry factors (including gear ratio, gear teeth module and central distance) on the lubrication behavior of a gear transmission. The distribution of the central film thickness, central pressure and coefficients of friction along the line of action is obtained.


This paper analyzed macroeconomic factors that affect the level of interest rates in Malawi for the period 1970 to 2010. Particularly the study aimed at investigating whether the stock of domestic debt led to particular levels of interest rates. The study found a negative and statistically insignificant relationship between total domestic debt and interest rates. On the other hand, interest rates in Malawi seem to depend much on the level of the Bank Rate which is the rate at which financial institutions borrow from the central bank as a lender of last resort. According to the results, increasing the bank rate by 1% was associated with a more than 1% increase in interest rates. In terms of policy therefore, recommend that the Reserve Bank of Malawi should lower the level of the Bank Rate so that private lending institutions can also lower their lending rates. This is the only way that will make credit not only accessible but also affordable which will end up increasing investments and consumption expenditure, the engine of economic growth and development. Key Words: Interest rates, government expenditure, deficit financing, borrowing.


Here, the author replies to the European Federation of Corrosion`s (EFC`s) comments on his original article ``Review of Sour Service Definitions`` published in the August 1996 issue of MP. EFC`s comments are welcome; they list for MP readers the disturbing number of literature, laboratory, and field failures that EFC had to label as irrelevant in defense of the nonsour service description for Region 1 of its pH vs. H{sub 2}S diagram. EFC wants their Publication 16 read and considered on its merits. Potential users of the publication should also read and consider these allegedly irrelevant studies on their merits. It is vital to generate a true industry consensus on this topic, since whatever sour service definition is codified in the ISO standard will be a fixture in the industry for many years to come.


This paper presents AAC conjecture for a simple and finer version of FLT (Fermat's Last Theorem) which had been FLC (Fermat's Last Conjecture) for more than 350 years since 1637 and was finally proved in the end of the 20th cencury in a profoundly sophisticated and complex way. However complex the proof is, FLC itself is very simple. It conjectures that a simple equation has no solutions. AAC conjecture comes from a pursuit of a simpler proof of FLC. It conjectures that two simple equations have no solutions except some evident ones. It is shown, in a rigorous and step-by-step way, that if AAC is true then FLC is true, and that AAC is a finer version of FLC. AAC conjecture will give us a finer view and an opportunity for finding a simple proof of FLC. If AAC conjecture is proved without using FLT, then AAC theorem will be a theorem for itself, and FLT will be a beautiful specialization of AAC theorem.


This article is published under the Creative Commons CC-BY-ND License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/). This license permits use, distribution and reproduction, commercial and non-commercial, provided that the original work is properly cited and is not changed in anyway. Abstract: Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing is one of the most crucial steps that determines the success of an organ transplant. However, HLA typing is a challenging task due to the diversity of HLA alleles, which is caused by high polymorphism of the region and high number of guanine and


In modern market economy finance is the core of all economic activities and the developed finance is a booster to the regional economy. This paper explores the financial function to the economic growth in the perspective of financial function, on the basis of which the mechanism of regional financial development and regional economic growth is analyzed by the theories of financial development and regional economy. According to the changes in recent years and the future development of finance, some suggestions and countermeasures are come up with to achieve sustainable development of regional economy.


The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are emphatic on the role of energy for development. Targets include ensuring universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services to the about 1.3 billion people without electricity access, and to increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix. For remote rural communities in developing countries where grid extension is often expensive, decentralised biomass mini-grids can be a reliable electricity supply source, as it provides 'base load' power and avoids the use of 'excessive' storage batteries. This paper presents a feasibility study for five rural communities in Ghana. Results show that the projected electricity demand of the communities compares favourably with the potential energy generation from available agricultural residues, and that there is a case for considering various levels of co-funding from private investors.


The dynamic structure factor for a model ferromagnet is calculated to order $\ensuremath{\epsilon}=6\ensuremath{-}d$ for $T\ensuremath{\ge}{T}_{c}$. The dynamic shape function is extracted from the structure factor and plotted for various values of $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ and $x=k\ensuremath{\xi}$, where $\ensuremath{\xi}$ is the correlation length and $k$ the wave number. In the vicinity of ${T}_{c}$ and for $\ensuremath{\epsilon}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}0.95$ peaks appear which are characteristic of sloppy spin-wave modes.


Nearly fifteen years have passed since publication of Gary Becker's pioneering book on discrimination [4]. In the social and political arena, racial discrimination has moved from the problem stage to what many consider the crisis point. Yet, despite the social importance of the topic, much of Becker's theoretical work remains inadequately tested. The focus of this paper is the variance in the intensity of discrimination among occupations, a subject with deep theoretical roots dating back to Becker. Sections I and II contain a theoretical consideration of discrimination and a discussion of methods for measuring its intensity. In Section III estimates of the relative intensity of discrimination according to region and major occupation are derived for males. Similar estimates for intermediate occupations are found in Section IV.


What happens at a university when it is the first multiracial setting its students function in? Elizabeth Anderson observed, while teaching at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor in the late 80s, that subtle patterns of racial discomfort existed. For instance, during classroom discussions white students tended to ignore what black students were saying. While noticing these classroom dynamics, Anderson started to wonder whether there is a connection between the strong residential racial segregation in Michigan and these patterns of interaction at the university.


The Japanese educational system is characterised by a relatively high degree of standardisation at the compulsory stage and a relatively high degree of stratification at the postcompulsory stage. As well, job opportunities in Japan are highly segregated by educational level. Young people with different educational qualifications rarely compete for the same job and most jobs specify the level of education required of applicants. There is a strong institutional linkage between schools and employer institutions in Japan, with particular employers and high schools often establishing long-term recruiting arrangements. The recruitment of junior college and university graduates is less structured than that of high schools. It is rare for Japanese workers to return to education once they have entered the labour market. This analysis uses nationally representative samples of Japanese men and women residing in Japan in 1985 and investigates the pattern of transition from school to work. It uses class and education schema which allow cross-national comparisons with the studies in other chapters and focuses on the gender differences in the effects of education on first entry positions and cross-cohort comparisons of the pattern of transition from school to work in Japan. Further, the chapter focuses on the institutions within which job allocation takes place, examining the effect of high school quality and college quality on first job attainment.


Smart microgrids are becoming the new trend in power systems operations. Their main characteristics are the distributed generation (DG) sources and the high level of automation. To achieve the desired resilience and safety levels, sophisticated control schemes and communication infrastructures have been proposed. Those infrastructures permit exploring different strategies, from event identification to control. The present work proposes a primary voltage control structure for DG source composed of a three-phase inverter, operating in an islanded mode. A data-driven tuning method called Virtual Reference Feedback Tuning (VRFT) is used to tune the parameters of the primary controller. Differently from the usual VRFT, this work presents an enhancement of the technique by using an online procedure to tune and to update the control parameters triggered by an event identification block, so the response of the system tracks the desired transient performance even after events of changes in grid.


Modern military commanders face an increasing information management challenge along with the traditional responsibilities of command. This growing challenge can be met by viewing the command and control process as six, workable functions. Focusing, filtering, fusing, synchronizing, coordinating and assessing information, with the right tools, enable efficient command and control, even in very complex environments. Recent crises provide solid examples of the tools required to execute these functions as well as the benefits of their proper use. This six-function approach has permitted efficient staffs to master the control of information during operations as diverse as UPHOLD DEMOCRACY and DESERT FOX and can do much to improve operational effectiveness for contingencies in the future. By using tools such as intent, synchronization matrices and measures of effectiveness, commanders can deal with the right information at the right time to make dominating decisions and positively control operations. In doing this, they will maximize effectiveness and minimize risk while accomplishing the mission at hand.


Recent reviews of the primary prevention of coronary heart disease through lowering cholesterol concentrations have varied considerably in their evaluation of the benefits of the intervention. 1-4 The degree of disagreement is surprising as they review essentially the same data, from clinical trials of cholesterol lowering by drugs or by diet. There is agreement about a reduced risk for coronary events, but there are differing interpretations of the increase in mortality from non-cardiovascular causes that has generally been seen. Particular concern was generated by a recent meta-analysis that showed a significantly increased risk of death from accidents and violence when the results of six randomised primary prevention trials were pooled.3 Despite the uncertainty an aggressive approach to cholesterol reduction features in most of the official guidelines for the primary prevention of coronary heart disease.` In Britain the introduction of the new general practitioner contract, with its focus on health promotion, is likely to result in an increase in cholesterol testing. High percentages of the British population would become candidates for drug treatment if the guidelines currently advanced by some authorities were put into practice. For middle aged men and women with other coronary risk factors the European Atherosclerosis Society recommends a cut off level, above which the use of lipid lowering drugs should be considered,6 well below the mean population cholesterol concentration.0`'2 The entry criteria for the expanded clinical evaluation of lovastatin study (EXCEL)"5 would include a third of the British population. 10-12


matter. It is well recognised that water planners require a broad set of inter- contemporary water management challenges. Solving water-related problems, ability to integrate environmental, social and political considerations into planning practice. The 21st century will be an era of increased global concern regarding the availability of water. and the population in general. Despite the climate pattern has been changing continuously during the Earth s history due to changes in the atmosphere, topography, volcanic activity, and other natural factors, this change seems to have been exacerbated recently due to the alteration of the greenhouse gases content in the atmosphere by the humanity. Nowadays, the extent of this change and its warming, leaded last century by the climate change, has involved alterations in the temperature, precipitation and evaporation patters. From the point of view of


The invention provides a tobacco leaf treatment method with the advantage of prolonging the mellowing period of laminae. The tobacco leaf treatment method comprises the following steps: (1) conducting box-by-box treatment on laminae of which the mellowing quality reaches the standard, in a storehouse: opening smokeboxes, untying lining bags, inflating CO2 gas after vacuumizing, sealing the plastic lining bags after circulating the steps for two times to three times, finally repacking the smokeboxes, and sealing the upper openings and the lower openings of the smokeboxes; (2) transferring the sealed smokeboxes in a specific storage environment, controlling the temperature and the humidity, wherein the temperature is required to 10-20 degrees, and the humidity is required to 45%-55%, and requiring single-layer stacking when the smokeboxes are stored; and (3) unsealing the smokeboxes and the lining bags in 7-10 days before production of the batch of laminae, and gradually rising the environment temperature to 30-35 degrees in 1-2 days and increasing the humidity to 65%-70%. The tobacco leaf treatment method has the advantages that the cigarette formulating and using time of the laminae can be prolonged, the best laminae mellowing quality is ensured, the contradiction that mellowed mature laminae are urgently used is relieved, and the formulating efficiency and the using level are improved.


Abstract This article analyzes the turn towards Israel in parts of the German and Austrian extreme right since 2010 in a historical perspective. Both political parties in the focus of the analysis, AfD and FPÖ, and the extreme right in general have a history of antisemitism, antizionism and hostility towards Israel and Zionism. After establishing antizionism as an inherent part of antisemitism almost from its outset, several exceptions from this rule are analyzed with respect to the relationship of the two. All of the introduced positive references towards Zionism and Israel from an antisemitic background will turn out to be based on antisemitic images of Jews, Zionism and the State of Israel. They fulfill a certain end to antisemitism itself, its denial and its bearers, and thus serve the preservation of the ideology rather than, as has been suggested, marking an end to antisemitism or being solely strategically motivated.


Experimental evaluation of torsional behavior, which is possible behavior of seismic beams of RC structures, was carried out. Concrete strength and stirrup spacing were set as experimental variables to investigate the torsional strength of RC beams. Based on the experimental results, the torsional strength of RC beams was compared and analyzed. From the experimental results, the concrete strength was caused a difference of about 30% in the torsional strength of the maximum torque of the RC beam specimen, and the stirrup spacing was found to be about 2.8 times and 5 times that of the peak torque. Therefore, this study will be an important study to understand the effect of both concrete strength and stirrup spacing for the torsional strength or torsional behavior of RC beams.


Using data from the exploration drilling at the mines BKPRU-2 and BKPRU-3 of JSC Uralkali, the relationship equations between the content of insoluble residue in the productive sylvinite beds and thick interbedded clay layers at their top referred to as «korj's» are worked out. Knowledge of composition and thickness of clay layers is very important for rockfall protection during mining work. The results of analysis of drilling data are often not reliable because of the losses of clay material in the extracted core. The resulting equations are recommended for forecastingof insoluble residue in «korj's» of those beds.


The contemporary Afro-American feminist novels' writings about the Afro-American women's identity,gender and class issues have corresponded to the critical view and thought category of the western post criticism.Among the schools of the Afro-American feminism literature and criticism,Afro-American women writers have brought gender,race and culture into the Afro-American literature,which not only has made the Afro-American feminism literature stand out as an independent subject,but also has promoted and extended the construction and development of Afro-American women's cultural identity.Afro-American feminism has rewritten and overturned the marginal fate of Afro-American women.


Current policy in both the U.S. and U.K., as well as other developed countries, involves the introduction of information technology systems, such as electronic health records (EHR), computerized physician order entry systems (CPOE) and computerized decision support systems (CDSS) as a way of helping to improve the quality and safety of care that patients receive (Institute of Medicine 2001, Department of Health 2002). Key processes of decision making include information searching and the evaluation of knowledge to reach a judgment or decision (Thompson & Dowding 2002). Information technology systems may be designed to support some or all of these decision processes, with the assumption that improving the ability to identify evidence, or assist with the integration of evidence, will improve the quality of care patients receive. Such health care information technology systems certainly have the potential to improve care quality. For instance the use of CPOE systems has been linked to significant reductions in adverse drug events and medical error rates, by improving the legibility of drug orders and the provision of alerts for drug interactions (Wolfstadt et al 2008, Kaushal et al 2003). Other information technology systems such as CDSS can improve preventive health care delivery such as increased vaccination rates and diabetes management, through the provision of reminders and evidence based guidance (Chaudry et al 2006, Garg et al 2005). The use of information technology in health care has also been associated with decreased rates of health services utilization (Chaudry et al 2006). However, the introduction of information technology into health care may also have unintended consequences with negative effects on the quality of care that patients receive. Examples include physicians activating a medical order after the medication has actually been given (in an urgent situation), which means it could be given again once the order has been activated (Ash et al 2004), and nurses 'manipulating' a decision support system to give them the answer that fits with their assessment of the patient (Dowding et al 2009, O'Cathain et al 2004), potentially leading to an inaccurate assessment of the patient's condition.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present results of laboratory testing work on causes of a service failure/damage to an aircraft turbojet's gas‐turbine blade made of the EI 867‐WD alloy.Design/methodology/approach – The tests comprised comparing the microstructure of a service‐damaged blade with microstructures of specimens drawn from a similar all‐new blade, both subjected to temperatures of different values for different annealing times.Findings – Findings based on the comparison of experimentally gained results of microstructure examination of both the gas‐turbine blades were: the change in the microstructure of a damaged blade results from the growth and cuboidal‐to‐lamellar change of shape of the reinforcing phase γ′ (Ni3Al); and the size and shape of this phase are comparable to those of the phase γ′ of a new blade subjected to annealing at temperature exceeding 1,223 K for 1 h. The results gained allowed for drawing the conclusion that the damaged turbine blade was operated in the exhaust‐...


Under a recently completed SBIR grant from the Department of Energy, DTI delivered a hybrid modulator to the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) in October 2002 for assessing the use of solid-state switching in the next generation linear collider. The modulator uses a solid-state series IGBT switch and a conventional pulse transformer to drive two klystrons. It provides 3.5 kA pulses into a 6.33:1 pulse transformer at 80 kV, resulting in 500 kV, 530 A output pulses with tight voltage regulation and pulse flattop. During 2003 SLAC has been evaluating the hybrid modulator's performance and using it as a test stand for a new generation of high voltage X-band klystrons. Under an ongoing SBIR effort, DTI is developing a new pulse transformer to reduce losses in this modulator, and will incorporate improvements in solid state switch design to improve the pulse risetime and efficiency of the hybrid modulator. This paper describes results from the hybrid modulator development and initial operation at SLAC.


In this paper, we describe the group SpinT (n) and give some properties of this group. We construct SpinT spinor bundle S by means of the spinor representation of the group SpinT (n) and define covariant derivative operator and Dirac operator on S. Finally, Schrodinger-Lichnerowicz-type formula is derived by using these operators.


With 80% C2H5OH,H2O,1mol/L NaCl,2% CH3COOH,0.6 mol/L HCl as the extract solvents respectively,the primary speciation analysis of Pb in tea sample was performed.By single factor experiments the optimal extraction time for these solvent was 15h,3h,3h,3h respectively.The optimal extraction temperature was 35℃ and extraction volume was 50 mL each time.Five tea samples were used for the speciation analysis of Pb.The results showed that among the same variety of the tea the distribution of Pb-compound was quite different.There is a little difference for the Pb content among of several tea samples from the same region,and little difference with the existing form of Pb.For all the tea samples,the extracted efficiency is different with solvents,i.e.HClHACC2H5OHH2ONaCl.The total amount of the HCl extraction and HAC extraction was about 47.78%-70.30%.The residual Pb compound exists in tea with a much stable form.The ratio of the Pb to be intaken easily by human body was very lower.