Objective To explore the brain's metabolism about the hippocampus, anterior cingulate and thalamus of first episode depressive patients. Methods Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and 1 HMRS analyzing technology to detect multiple metabolic indices of the hippocampus, anterior cingulate and thalamus of 20 patients and 20 healthy persons, including N-acetylaspartate ( NAA), choline ( Cho ), myoinositol ( MI ), creatine(Cr). Results The ratios of MI/Cr of the bilateral thalamus of the depressive patients group decreased ( Left (0.23 ±0.13) ,(0.25 ±0.09), t=2.25, P=0.03,Right(0.33 ±0.15,0.34 ±0.04), t=2.42, P=0.02).The ratios of NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr of the bilateral hippocampus of the depressive patients group were both lower (NAA/Cr: Left t=3.06, P=0.004,Right t=3.54, P=0.001. Cho/Cr: Left t=2.94, P=0.006,Right t=4.02,P=0.001 ). The ratios of Cho/Cr and MI/Cr of the anterior cingulate of the depressive patients group were both significantly higher (NAA/Cr: t=3.12, P=0. 003;Cho/Cr: t=2.62, P=0.01). Conclusion The metabolic abnormalities of hippocampus, anterior cingulate and thalamus maybe constitute the nervous biochemical basis of first episode depression.

Key words:
Depression;  Magnetic resonance spectrum;  Hippocampus;  Thalamus;  Anterior cingulate


We investigate the effect of different reductions when importing networksfrom OpenStreetMap data. We describe the network reductions and report computationaltests for doing the network extraction a ...


Data available in literature on molecular mechanisms of the functional coupling of heterotrimeric G-proteins and small GTP-binding proteins (Ras-type) to effectors are analyzed. The segments of G-protein alpha-subunits which participate in formation of the effector-binding site are discussed. The induction of interaction between activated alpha-subunit and effector, following change of alpha-subunit nucleotide-binding site conformation as a result of GDP/GTP exchange is shown. The analysis of effector molecular determinants responsible for coupling to G-proteins are analyzed. The determinants are preferentially of the polycationic nature.


ABSTACT The Data from BKPMD Province of Bali describes the accumulated investment of 2006-2010 shows 62,20 percent of investment in the province of Bali is embedded in the tourism sector and 70,78 percent of them are foreign capital. Corresponding on dependency theory, this sort of thing could not give optimal impact on economic growth and employment. This study has the purpose to analyze the directly or indirectly effect of government expenditure and investment in Bali on employment throught economic growth, and also the effect of economic growth on employment in Bali. Main data of this study was quantitative panel from the entire city in Bali Province from 2006-2011. This study has used secondary data from the Directorate General of Treasury, Finance Bureau Province of Bali, and Bali Central Statistic Buerau with path analysis as tool of analysis. The result of the study shows in Province of Bali  1) government expenditure has significant effect on economic growth and employment. The efect of investment on through economic growth significant, but weak efect on employment, and economic growth has nonsignificant efect on employment.


The Force Deployment Estimator (FDE) is a decision support system. It allocates transportation resources given inputs such as forces to be deployed and their desired arrival times. Other inputs are assumptions about conditions that affect performance: carrier start time, node capacity, sustainment shipping time, bulk sustainment per day, ammo sustainment per day, unit start time, carrier service time, carrier round trip time, and carrier reassignment time. Outputs include the mean and standard deviation of estimated unit arrival times versus goal times, and data files for post-processing. However, when a goal time is not met, the simulator gives no explanation of why. This is difficult to do because of the volume of data involved. Poor allocation choices are buried in a mountain of other decisions, whose affects are difficult to assess individually. To find the most troublesome allocations, we separate the cases that give the worst results. A neural network identifies the decisions that are common to these. We apply a similar procedure to the cases where outputs are good. We report as suspect the decisions that occur only in the former cases. The neural network for this system needs to be capable of clustering data with no a priori knowledge of correct output categories. It also needs to be able to handle inexact (fuzzy) determinations of these categories. Finally, it needs to be able to handle large data patterns without large sets of example cases. We have chosen Adaptive Resonance Theory with fuzzy input/output representation, which fits all these criteria. 1. The Force Deployment Estimator The Force Deployment Estimator (FDE), as depicted in Figure 1, is a decision support system to do analyses of deployment and sustainment issues to support various war plans. Inputs to the simulator are 1) specific units to be deployed, 2) the modes of transportation to be used for the deployment, 3) the final destination of the units and the available paths to get there, and 4) the goal times defined for the deployment. FDE then produces how to best utilize the deployment assets to achieve the goal times if a solution exists. If a feasible solution does not exist, the simulator will determine the best allocation possible and will provide information as to which goals have not been met and by how much they have been violated. The simulator consists of three main parts. The discrete event simulator simulates the actual movement of units from node to node using the given lift assets. Upon completion of the simulation, the data required to calculate the goal variables is reported to the goal programming algorithm. The goal programming algorithm determines if the specified goals have been reached. It compares the current solution to the "best" solution so far. If the current solution is better, it is saved as the "best". If the goals have not been reached, the annealing program is initiated to derive a new set of state variables for the discrete event simulator. Simulated annealing is a mathematical technique which is described as a biased random search over a surface wherein a series of local minima may be Session 5 Safety Assessment Methodology


Depression is one of the most common mental health disorders, it's crucial to design an effective and robust model for automatic depression detection (ADD). Although current approaches rely on extra topic models or manually topic-selection procedures which is time-consuming, they still haven't thoroughly explored the sufficient context information among clinical interviews. In this paper, we propose HCAG, a novel Hierarchical Context-Aware Graph attention model for ADD. Our model mirrors the hierarchical structure of depression assessment and leverages the Graph Attention Network (GAT) to grasp relational contextual information of text/audio modality. Experiments on the DAIC-WOZ dataset show a great performance improvement, with the Fl-score of 0.92, a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 2.94, and a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 3.80. To the best of our knowledge, our model outperforms the existing state-of-the-art methods.


Here, we report additional evidence of Great White Pelican in the Fish River Canyon National Park, Namibia - a sighting of a pelican carcass on 2 June 2010. Our sighting was 11 weeks prior to that of Bester et al (2011), and the carcass was approximately 15 km north of their sighting, 3 km north of the Palm Springs on the Fish River Canyon hiking trail.


This paper introduces a scheduling method based on event-triggered rolling optimization to realize operation optimization of a microgrid. An event occurs when deviation of real-time values and predictive values exceed a predetermined range. Under this approach, an aperiodic rolling window is utilized to deal with immense volatility of a microgrid caused by weather condition, demand profile and time-of-use power price. Besides, in pursuit of accuracy of solutions, short time interval also increases computational burden. Continuous scheduling periods are incorporated into a rolling window to improve computational efficiency if there are no events. Simulation results show that the event- triggered rolling optimization method reduces the total operation cost and the number of iterations of operation under uncertainties. Moreover, the proposed method makes a trade-off between effectiveness of the algorithm and optimality of the scheduling.


This paper discusses the changing use of the concept of 'partnership' in three contexts: community partnership; partnership as part of public-private partnerships (PPP), and; partnership as the co-production of public goods. The paper introudces the politics of partnership as an aspect of the liberal democratic theory of governance and examines the notion in the context of devolution and deregulation. The paper finds the first two senses lacking in substance and more of a political strategy of neoliberal cooptation. The paper briefly examines the third sense of partnership as co-labor-ation as a means of enhancing democratic governance.


Sentencing standardization has been the focus of theory and judicial practice.As the sentencing court and the Sentencing Proposal gradual implementation,there is unfitable tendency of neglecting dimension of sentencing difficult to believe that a simple evaluation mechanism for judges and prosecutors will be able to achieve justice. Sentencing standardized and sentencing proposal are not a means of achieving capacity assessment,but a mean to achieve sentencing justice.


Numerous studies have been conducted on Internet Addiction and Self Efficacy. However, there is limited evidence on the relationship between Internet Addiction and Perceived Social Self Efficacy. Thus, in the present study, the focus is on gender differences and relationship between Internet Addiction and Perceived Social Self Efficacy among adolescents. For this purpose, Internet Addiction Test (IAT) by Young (1998) and scale of Perceived Social Self Efficacy by Smith and Betz (2000) were administered on a sample of 80 adolescents (40=males, 40=females) in the age range of 15-19 years, respectively .The data was analyzed using t-test and Pearson Product Moment Correlation method. The results showed significant gender differences on Internet Addiction and Perceived Social Self Efficacy. It was also found that Internet Addiction and Perceived Social Self Efficacy were negatively related. These results may help educational institutions for designing suitable internet addiction prevention programs geared towards the adolescents.


The utility model belongs to the automotive electronic technology field, particularly relates to an automotive liquid crystal instrument system which comprises a liquid crystal displaying unit, a CAN (Controller Area Network) communication module, a signal collection and display main module, a navigator function module and a navigation controller, wherein an input terminal of the signal collection and display main module is connected with the navigator function module; the navigator function module is connected with the navigation controller; a control terminal of the signal collection and display main module is connected with the CAN communication module; and an output terminal of the signal collection and display main module is connected with the liquid crystal displaying unit. The automotive liquid crystal instrument system integrates display and navigation functions of system prompt and alarm information of an ACC (Air Control Center) and the like and a vehicle periphery imaging function and utilizes the liquid crystal displaying unit. The automotive liquid crystal instrument system has the advantages of overcoming limitations of display contents and patterns of a traditional instrument, being high in integration level, not needing to extra add a central control platform display screen and effectively reducing cost.


Active site structure for NO decomposition carried out on perovskite-like oxides were discussed based on the N-2 yield measured from LaSrNi1-x,AlxO4 with different B-site cations and from La2-ySryCuO4 with different crystal phases. Results show that the active site contains two oxygen vacancies, two transition metals, and one lattice-oxygen, with the oxygen vacancy locating on the apex of MO6 octahedron, and the lattice oxygen locating between the two transition metals (i.e., M-O-M plane). Density functional theory (DFT) analysis to the structure shows that this new active site is the most active structure for NO adsorbing, and hence, for NO decomposition. The similar trend of the relative energies that are required for the formation of oxygen vacancies with f form (calculated from DFT), the amount of oxygen vacancies, and the activities (N-2 yield) certifies this result further.


We give a complete classification of modular categories of dimension $p^3m$ where $p$ is prime and $m$ is a square-free integer. When $p$ is odd, all such categories are pointed. For $p=2$ one encounters modular categories with the same fusion ring as orthogonal quantum groups at certain roots of unity, namely $SO(2m)_2$. As an immediate step we classify a more general class of so-called even metaplectic modular categories with the same fusion rules as $SO(2N)_2$ with $N$ odd.


An apparently new phosphate mineral (named «benyacarite») showing evident relationships with paulkerrite and mantienneite, but richer in Mn +2 , was found in granitic pegmatites in Argentina (Cerro Blanco, Tanti, Cordoba) where it is associated with other phosphates such as triplite etc., and fluorides such as pachnolite. The unit-cell parameters are: a o = 10.561(5) A, b o = 20.585(8) A, c o = 12.516(2) A, orthorhombic, space group Pbca, Z = 4, D x = 2.37 gcm −3 . The crystal structure has been refined to R(unweighted) = 0.034 and R(weighted) = 0.040 using 1023 independent reflections


Abstract Poster session 3, September 23, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM Introduction Significance of Candida species in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) is increasingly being recognized. It is the third most common cause of late-onset sepsis in NICU patients and accounts for 9 to 13% of bloodstream infections (BSI) in neonates. Although Candida albicans has historically been the most frequently isolated species, recently non-albicans Candida (NAC) have emerged as an important opportunistic pathogen, notably Candida tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei, C. glabrata, and C auris. This changing trend and the increasing use of azoles agents is now a matter of concern due to the emerging resistance of the non-albicans species to azoles. Aim To evaluate the Candida sepsis in neonates from neonatal intensive care units from a tertiary care hospital. Material and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, East Delhi, India, during the period of July 2021 to December 2021. Overall, 30 suspected Candida sepsis patients from neonatal intensive care units were enrolled in the present study. The Candida spp. Isolated was identified as per standard mycological techniques. Preliminary identification was done by colony morphology on SDA, chromogenic media (Hichrome, Himedia Pvt. Ltd.), grown at 45°C, germ tube test, chlamydospore formation, and was confirmed by carbohydrate fermentation and assimilation tests. Antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) was performed for Fluconazole (25 μg), and amphotericin B (AMB, 100 units) using the disc diffusion method on Muller-Hinton agar supplemented with 2% glucose and methylene blue (5 mg/ml). Zone diameters were interpreted as per the approved Clinical Laboratory Standards (CLSI-M44-A) guidelines. Quality control for AFST was performed using C. albicans-ATCC 90028 and C. parapsilosis-ATCC 22019. Statistical analysis The statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version. The P-value ˂0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Result Out of 30 Candida species from suspected septicemia neonates, non-albicans Candida (NAC) species accounted for (87%) compared to C. albicans (13.4%). Candida tropicalis was predominant at 9 (30%) followed by C. glabrata 8 (27%), C.parapsilosis 4 (13.3%), and C. krusei 3(10%), Pichia species (4.2%), and C.auris (3.4%). Antifungal sensitivity of the NAC isolates demonstrated >85% resistance to fluconazole amongst C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, though amphotericin B had 100% sensitivity in all Candida species. The risk factor for candidemia as observed in our study were low birth weight 26(87%), use of broad-spectrum antibiotics 25 (83.4%), presence of an orogastric tube 18 (60%), and total parental nutrition 9 (30%) were significantly associated statistically (P <.05, paired t-test). The overall mortality amongst these neonates was 16.6%. Conclusion Fungal BSI has emerged as an important cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Reporting of fungal bloodstream infections and the spectrum of species involved are essential measures in neonatal intensive care units in order to implement appropriate preventive and therapeutic strategies.


Across-sectional study was done on a total of 80 deep vaginal swabs (40 women with recurrent abortionand 40 pregnant women as control group) were collected from the September 2019 to the end of November2019 from inpatients and outpatients women attended to Kirkuk general hospital to evaluate the prevalenceof vaginitis due to bacterial causes and its relation with abortion in pregnant women. vaginal swabswere inoculated in bacterial media whose were prepared and sterilized according to the manufacturer'sinstruction. The prepared media were used for isolation, determination of the viable count, identificationand susceptibility testing these media were carried out after being solidified. Swabs was inoculated ontoMacConkey, nutrient and blood agars. Then the inoculated plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 hr. Theincluded 40 women with recurrent miscarriage with age range (20-44 years), the study showed that 12 of40 were within the age group 30-39 years and 12 were below 30 years with mean age (31.6 years) and theirhusbands mean age (35.43 years) and 65% of cases were rural. There was 60% of cases were with history of3 miscarriage and 18.75% were 4 miscarriage. The study also revealed that majority of cases were parity 3-6.The study also indicated that majority of cases have history of miscarriage in the 1st trimester in pregnancy.The study demonstrated that 55% of women with recurrent abortion have positive HVS culture comparingwith 48% of pregnant women (control group). The study showed that 77.27% of women had aborted in the1st trimester of pregnancy and the lowest rate of abortion 3% was in the 3rd trimester. The study revealed thathighest rate of isolated bacteria from the HVS culture of aborted women was Gardenellavaginalis (36.36%),E. coli (27.27%) S. aureus (22.73%) and the higher rates of isolated bacteria from pregnant women were50%% for E coli.


The application range of natural fiber composites are increasing rapidly in several engineering areas. Unidirectional short castor oil fiber reinforced epoxy composites are fabricated using hand layup process with 40 vol% and 5mm length. Dry sliding wear tests are conducted using pin on disc tribometer. Applied loads are 15, 30 & 45N and track diameters were kept at 100, 110 and 120mm to achieve sliding distances of 1000, 2000 and 3000m respectively with adjustment of running times 6.5, 12 and 16 minutes at speed of 500 RPM. Full factorial DoE is employed and influence of each parameter on amount of wear, CoF and temperature are studied using ANOVA. It is found that load is the highly influential factor affecting amount of wear, CoF and temperature followed by sliding distance and other factors. Also, regression models are developed with good fit. The developed models predicted the results with 0-8 % error.


A new series of discrete [(hfac)3Ln(μ-bpypz)Cr(acac)2] dinuclear complexes has demonstrated the novel LnIII ion size depedent structural transformation around LnIII as well as diastereospecifically assembled chiral configuration along with the unusual bending of the acetylacetonate chelate ring in CrIII.


The time-related increase in capacity of displacement piles after installation (known as set-up) is caused mainly by the shaft resistance. But the shaft and base resistances are seldom considered separately in the set-up evaluation. The time-related increase in capacity depends on the mobilization degree of the shaft capacity at the end-of-jack (EOJ), though this mobilization is closely related to the bas resistance. In this paper, a series of field tests including the jacking installation tests, load tests of model piles and a new type of CPT with a total resistance sensor installed were conducted at the Pearl River Delta alluvial plain. The tests have found that there are three type of distribution curves between the ultimate total shaft resistance and the measured one: the ultimate resistance is greater than, very close to or less than the measured one, and set-up is obvious in the first one, while in the other two are not. This indicates the mobilization of the shaft resistance at the end of jacking installation affects set-up. According to the experimental study, a new evaluation method has been proposed and proved reliably by practice, in which the mobilization of the shaft resistance is considered.


Resole and novolac are the coating resins of the CTP (Computer to Plate) thermal cross-linking plate and their characters directly determine the light sensitivity of the plate. In this paper, these resins were studied, and experiments showed that when the novolac's molecule weight is about 5000, the light sensitivity and the quality of the plate are the best. The optimal conditions of synthesizing resole were obtained, and more experiments were attempted to improve the light sensitivity of the plate through altering the proportion between the two image resins.


This GDR submission is an interim technical report and raw data files from the first year of testing on functionalized nanoparticles for rare earth element extraction from geothermal fluids. The report contains Rare Earth Element uptake results (percent removal, mg Rare Earth Element/gram of sorbent, distribution coefficient) for the elements of Neodymium, Europium, Yttrium, Dysprosium, and Cesium. A detailed techno economic analysis is also presented in the report for a scaled up geothermal rare earth element extraction process. All rare earth element uptake testing was done on simulated geothermal brines with one rare earth element in each brine. The rare earth element uptake testing was conducted at room temperature.


ABSTRACT This article focuses upon the little-known musical refiguring of Robert Southey's The Curse of Kehama by the British composer Granville Bantock (1868–1946). After noting parallels between the poet and composer's creative difficulties associated with their respective projects, and issues highlighted in the reception of both "texts," two aspects of Bantock's project (a significant document in the reception of Southey's poetry) are discussed in more detail: his attempts to unify an extended musico-poetic structure, and his response to the sense of "other" in Southey's poem. In terms of the latter, and in the context of Bantock's complex relationship with the East, two specific ideas from Southey scholarship – the concept of layers of otherness in Southey's poetry and the panoramic mode – are identified as having a real potential in helping us to understand Bantock's refiguring. The application of these ideas in a musical context offers further parallels and contrasts between poet and composer, leading to a richer understanding of the complexities involved in creative responses to oriental material in literary and musical forms.


Marine dumping of dredged sediment results in the release of considerable amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus into the seawater. In this study, we evaluated the release pattern of nitrogen and phosphorus during sediment dumping through experimental simulation under different mixing ratios and temperatures. The concentration of NO3-N, PO4-P, and total phosphorus (TP) in seawater quickly increased in less than 1 h after mixing of sediment and seawater and remained stable thereafter. The concentration of NH4-N increased and peaked at 0.25 h, but quickly decreased thereafter. The concentration of NO3-N, NH4-N, PO4-P, and TP in seawater showed a positive correlation with the mixing ratio. The contribution of NO2-N from sediment to water was negligible and there was no obvious difference in the release amount among different mixing ratios. The release amount of each measured nutrient at 25°C was marginally higher than that at 15°C, suggesting that marine dredging and dumping should be performed in winter rather than in summer. The release amount of NO3-N, NO2-N, NH4-N, PO4-P, and TP in a 5000-m3 vessel reached 26.5, 17.6, 0.28, 1.68, and 1.68 kg, respectively. This study provides a detailed evaluation of nitrogen and phosphorus release pattern in marine sediment dumping process, which will be helpful for the conservation and selection of marine dumping areas.


Chip Sullivan The Garden of the Kose A Celestial Garden The real gardens do not last long-but it is onlv through them that the knowledge can 1»' truly learnt and people can come to see what a garden truly is. Abu-lshak Chishti Throughout history, the garden has always been seen to represent mans view of his univer.se. It has functioned as a rec reation of heaven on earth and has embodied his perceptions of the universe and how il is related to a specific reality on earth. My garden is related specif ically to Persian mysti cism in garden design. In Persia gardens are considered sacred and are thought to embody a mystical interpretation of creation. The entire garden and its vegeta tion functions as a con tinuous symbol of life and death. The Sufis, a Persian mystical sect, used images of the garden as analogies or parables in their religious writings. The garden for them became a place of tran scendence: a symbolic journey for those who were on the path to divine knowledge. My garden is encased in a medieval triptych. The wooden frames, like garden walls, are metaphors of the body as shelter for the soul; the green oasis within. The triptych doors, gates of paradise, arc open only to those seek ing divine knowledge. The second triptych contains perspective illust rat ions which define certain impor tant places in the gar den. These illustrations are set above a lower compartment which has a series of seven minia ture pull-outs, each illustrating an aspect of creating a Persian gar den. Kach is intended lo be an individual story. Tins garden, located in north central Florida, was designed lor my own use. At the very center of the garden a fountain with a single jet of water symbolizes the origin of life and the center of the universe. At the base of the fountain are four channels, rep resent i ng the four rivers of para dise and the four cor ners of the world. The visitor enters from the south through a solid wood door in a blank, concrete wall. Inside, the garden in the simple gravel and stone space evokes the desert. At this point there is a choice: one can proceed straight to the center of the garden through a series of eight allegori cal gates and chambers, or take a circuitous path that travels slowly towards the center. At each of the gates is a terrace with a different type of flower, repre senting the eight ter races of paradise as described in the Koran. A series of trellises lin ing the pathway is cov ered with flowering vines, radiating out from the center of the garden and dissipating into smaller sections the further one moves from the center analogous to the image of the onion used in Sufi mysticism to represent the differ ent stages one must pass through on the journey to divine knowledge. The eight cypress trees and eight orange trees along the allegorical path symbolize eternity and fertility. On the other side of this path, four hedges situated iti the path of the prevail ing winds serve as breezewavs or wind funnels and direct the winds over a planted area of low-growing flowers and into the cen ter of the garden, filling it with sweet aromas. At the central lountain channels break off to the east and to the west. A pool at the eastern end reflects the moon and the stars, symboli cally connecting heaven and earth. At the west ern end a square foun tain in a sacred grove of trees is framed by an elevated pavilion facing the central part of the garden. Two arbors flank the central foun tain, reminding one that the arbor was the first structure to inte grate architecture and landscape. Behind the central fountain stands the tree of life. In the lower compart ment of the t riptych are two chambers with whirling dervishes. The dervishes are used here as an allegory of the garden, following llie Sufi 1 it*Iief 1 hat when they twirl they become the center of their own self-perpetuated uni verse. In the center of this lower compartment is the rose, seen by Per sian mystics as the most genuine symbol of true knowledge. The garden is an attempt to reintegrate lost concepts of the spir itual in garden design and to combine ele ments of the beautiful with an individual microclimate. By study ing the mysticism ol the Persian garden, we can produce new ecosystems which may achieve a better balance between man and nature. Places / Volume 3, Number 3


The present study addresses the question of whether null objects observed in Korean EFL learners' interlanguage are caused by topic-prominent features, transferred from L1 Korean. It has been suggested that null objects in Korean are licensed by the topic-prominent properties: namely, the topic-chain and the topic NP deletion rule (Huang, 1984; Tsao, 1977; Shi, 1989). However, it should still be attested whether the null objects produced by Korean EFL learners have the same characteristics. A total of 167 Korean college students and 9 English native speakers participated in the study and were asked to complete two different tasks: a discourse-based and a sentence-based writing task. The results showed that null objects were produced more frequently in the discourse-based task than in the sentence-based task. This finding suggests that object-drop in L2 English is closely related to the referent's recoverability in the discourse context, as it is in L1 Korean. In other words, null objects in the learner language seem to be licensed by topic chains and the topic NP deletion rule, transferred from L1.


With the rapid development of globalization, the relationships among nations are closer while communications become pretty important. To overcome barriers of language, translation is the key. The present study investigates whether translation studies especially principles would be strengthened or weakened when there is great diversity in it, and the significance of the study of translation aesthetics and its reference value for translation principles. Translation is a complex and fascinating activity which involves language and culture contact, etc. Even though translation varies in different culture, in different period, among which some are distinctive, it still can be discovered the universal patterns of translation sometimes. The uniqueness of different countries' translation works may prompt mutual inspiration, mutual verification and correctives. No matter current trends in translation studies pay more attention to diversity, it's constant that the functioning of language involves negotiating to arrive at understanding with and between languages. In other words, appropriateness on different occasions is of particular importance, which means contexts in translating play vital role. The real clues to meaning depend on contexts. Moreover, the aesthetics of translation could provide us with a poetic language and promote the communications. On basis of dealing with Lin Yutang' s concept of "aesthetic translation" and his three principles of translation, namely, faithfulness, smoothness and beautifulness, this paper depicted that beautifulness can be a good solution to translation works in different contexts and not be weakened but strengthened. Besides, it explored the origin and development of translation aesthetics. Lin was the first Chinese translator to put a kind of aestheticism into practice and to provide us with a poetic language, especially in his work Six Chapter of a Floating Life.


Traditional 'in situ' measurement techniques often fail to record the spatial distribution of floodplains. In that case, remote sensing provides inexpensive and reliable methodologies to map flooded areas and compute flood damage. The identification and monitoring of floods, due to their highly dynamic nature, require the use of high-time-resolution satellite images with the drawback that such images usually have low to medium spatial resolution. In this context, the traditional classification techniques would not be suitable for delineating floods because they use 'hard methods' of classification, where the coarse pixel is assigned to a unique land cover class, generating inaccurate maps of the flooded area. In contrast, the 'soft methods' assign several land cover classes within the coarse pixels. In this article, the theoretical basis regarding an innovative methodology of sub-pixel analysis (SA) to identify flooded areas is developed. The improvement in flood delineation is achieved with the use of pr...


The influence of ethanol on photocatalytic destruction of dyes (methylene blue, safranine, eosine, phenosafranine) in the presence of TiO 2 powders and CdS nanoparticles in aqueous solutions was investigated. Anatase showed higher activity in water-ethanol solutions compared to rutile. The most active nanoparticles were CdS and CdS partially substituted by indium. It was established that ethanol increases the rate of photocatalytic destruction if it does not compete with the substrate for sorption centers on the photocatalyst surface.


By means of the complex Clifford algebra, a new realization of multi-dimensional semiunitary transformation is put forward and then applied to studying the isospectrality of nonrelativistic Hamiltonians of multi-dimensional quantum mechanical systems, in which the generalized Pauli coupling interaction and spin-orbit coupling interaction appear naturally. Moreover, it is shown that the semiunitary operators, together with the Hamiltonian of quantum mechanical system, satisfy the polynomially-deformed angular momentum algebra.


Homegardens are one of the most complex and diverse agroforestry systems worldwide and played an important role towards the development of early agriculture and domestication of crops and fruit trees. The study was conducted with an objective of investigating the role of homegardens for improved livelihoods and food security in Dilla Zuriya Woreda. Simple random sampling was used to obtain a study population of 120 households, to whom an interview schedule and an observation checklist was used. The average size of the homegardens of the study area ranges from 250m2 (small) to 2000m2 (large) with mean of 665.42m2. The Shannon Weaver indices of plant species in Chichu, Golla, Bulla and Shigedo homegarden were H'=3.52, H'=3.46, H'=3.34 and H'=3.37 respectively. The dominance index also shows that only a few species dominated the homegardens in Bulla (l=0.056) as compared to Chichu (l=0.048), Golla (l=0.052) and Shigedo (l=0.054) homegardens. The evenness index shows that in Chichu homegardens most of the species are equally abundant (E = 0.45). In total, 75 different plant species with trees (44%), shrubs (20%), herbs (32%) and climbers (4%) were recorded under ten use categories. Of the identified species 40% were food crops, 17.3% were crops used for income, 13.3% were medicinal, 17.3% were plants used as live fence, 20% were used for building and fuel, 10.6% were used for home materials, 4% were used as spices, 5.3% were stimulants, 10.6% were used as ornamentals and 20% plant species were used for shading. The homegaden in the study area were highly diversified with different plant species that provide multiple use for the household.


We present some decidability results for the universal fragment of theories modeling data structures and endowed with arithmetic constraints. More precisely, all the theories taken into account extend a theory that constrains the function symbol for the successor. A general decision procedure is obtained, by devising an appropriate calculus based on superposition. Moreover, we derive a decidability result for the combination of the considered theories for data structures and some fragments of arithmetic by applying a general combination schema for theories sharing a common subtheory. The effectiveness of the resulting algorithm is ensured by using the proposed calculus and a careful adaptation of standard methods for reasoning about arithmetic, such as Gauss elimination, Fourier-Motzkin elimination and Groebner bases computation.


This paper analyses the meaning of "local ownership in aid projects", the current vogue in aid practice for improving project results. Ownership by an organization is understood as a metaphor in a behavioural sense when compared to ownership by individuals. Aid involves intercultural relations and aspects of inequality between organizations and individuals. The paper pursues three main lines of inquiry: firstly into the fundamental understanding of individual concepts of cognitive and emotional facilities involved in inter-cultural understanding and exchanges; secondly into the possibility to translate concepts appropriate to individual human beings into useful organizational concepts; and thirdly into the relation between individuals and organizations. Four different perspectives of aid are discussed in relation to local ownership: ethical, bureaucratic, incentives, rational expectations. The outcome of the paper is a critical reflection on different perspectives on local ownership and a comparison between them in terms of complementarities and conflicts. Different notions of ownership relate to these perspectives. While focussing on aid projects, elements of the analysis can be useful for aid programmes and processes of policy formulation. Finally, the paper proposes to replace the notion of "ownership" by "autonomy".


To understand key technique of optical and structural design in the infrared camera,smaller three-mirror reflective system is designed for experiment based on off-axis three-mirror reflective optical system in the infrared camera.The optical system first is designed,then designed the structure based on the optical system.Through the alignment experiment,this optical and structural design is verified reasonably,the expectant goal is achieved.


1 Abstract Developers are often blamed for software security mishaps and punished through losses in wages or embarrassed on walls of shame 1 ! At Foundstone, we believe developers, for the most part, don't write insecure code intentionally or because they are negligent, they do so because they haven't been taught any better and don't receive adequate help and guidance from other stakeholders. Essentially, when dealing with software security, it is often a common fallacy to focus all together too much on the development phase of the software development lifecycle and not enough on the others. This paper therefore focuses on three key support activities that could help tremendously in improving the security of projects churned out by your development teams: such activities can help produce higher and secure applications that make everyone happy especially developers who keep their reputation, jobs and hard-earned checks!


This project expands on Manovich's (2006) concept of the Velvet Revolution as a blend of aesthetics and techniques that creates new species of moving image content; or "hybrid visual languages". The language of compositing (or spatial montage) is often "spatial", instead of the traditional temporal montage of editing. This project aims to explore a blend of these two aspects of moving image media–in compositing for space as well as time in a seamless presentation.


Samuel C. Ashcroft is engaged in research on braille and braille reading. In cooperation with the American Foundation for the Blind, he is making an intensive field test and study of a new punched-tape operated braille reading machine that has been developed by personnel of the International Business Machines Corporation. This study is concerned primarily with the practicability of this machine in conventional reading situations and its specialized usefulness as a teaching and remedial braille' reading device. In a consulting role, Mr. Ashcroft is continuing to study the Influence of type characteristics on braille reading. This research program has been carried out jointly by the American Printing House for the Blind and the University of Kentucky. A second investigation of five of the 27 different types of braille studied earlier has been conducted to clarify their effects on braille reading, using larger samples of the braille reading population.


In Anyako, an island town in southeastern Ghana, the .Anlo 1 branch of the Evespeaking people have at least thirty-seven different traditional drum ensembles. 1 Westerners are not familiar with the principles of musical timing in these ensembles. These principles are clearly illustrated in the .Anlo dance drumming known as Atsia, a stately recreational music said to date from the sixteenth century or earlier. a The Atsia orchestra is organised like every .Anlo drumming ensemble. There are three layers of sound, formed in Atsia by seven instruments. Each layer has a different function from the others. In the highest range rattles, clapping, and the smallest of four drums support with unchanging ostinati' the repeating pattern played on a forged iron double bell. From this top layer come the timing and the gait of the musical flow. In the middle range two larger drums play variations around certain strokes that repeat with every repetition of the bell pattern. 6 This middle layer has a role intermediate between supplying gait and forward drive, and adding decorative interest. In the lowest range atsimevu, the largest drum, plays intermittently the greatest number of patterns and variations. 6 Each of its patterns contains one or more strokes that must occur at a certain point in the cycle of the bell; but these fixed strokes are not the same for every pattern, as they are in the play of the drums of the middle range. Therefore the play of atsimevu is more free than that of the other drums. Some of this play is made up of decorative patterns and some of signals controlling the performers. 1 In every Anlo dance drumming the higher the pitch of an instrument the more unvarying its part. As one traverses the range from low to high, one moves from arbitrary signals and varied decoration to invariable patterns that provide gait and timing. In Western European art music of the Baroque and later, the lowest voice times the flow of the ensemble (by its own melodic rhythm and by the rhythm of harmonic change which it creates); the highest voice provides the decoration. Among the Anlo the situation is just the reverse. Anlo timing is carried by sounds that are high and, in the midst of the drumming, relatively soft. This is the first of three principles unfamiliar to most Westerners. Because the Westerner has been trained to listen to low sounds and loud sounds for his timing he has difficulty understanding a system that depends on sounds that are soft and high. The partial drum score shown as Fig. 1 illustrates the Westerner's problem.


Summary

The incidence and distribution of the three principal isolates of barley yellow dwarf virus (PAV, RPV and MAV) are described in winter cereal crops, cereal (stubble) regrowth and grasses from 11 sites in western France and south-west England during 1987 and 1988. Isolates were identified by indirect 'sandwich' ELISA using the monoclonal antibodies MAC91, MAC92 and MAFF2. More virus infection occurred in all localities and in most of the plant communities sampled, with the exception of perennial grass leys, in 1987 than in 1988. All three isolates were widespread. MAV was associated more with sites further north and PAV more with those further south. The geographical distribution of RPV was less variable. Underlying these trends, the relative abundance of isolates differed considerably between habitats. RPV always predominated in perennial grass leys and MAV in most cereal crops, although in the latter MAV was less prevalent in 1987 than in 1988. The greatest regional difference was found in stubble regrowth where PAV predominated in France but MAV predominated in England. Grasses from field margins (only sampled in England) were mainly infected by MAV and RPV. The implications of these findings for the epidemiology of BYDV are discussed, especially the roles of different host plant communities or habitats in the annual infection cycle of small-grain cereals.


Introduction Until recently haemophilia could be cited as an excellent example of a clearly defined clinical condition. Its symptomatology, inheritance and pathological findings were striking and characteristic, and diagnosis seldom presented any serious difficulties. But now the situation has changed; new methods of investigation have revealed the fact that the term ' haemophilia,' as usually applied, may cover more than one, perhaps several, distinct entities which differ from each other in the mechanism of their causation, and their response to specific treatment. These findings have, of course, necessitated a complete revision of ideas, and have thrown the existing system of terminology into confusion. There are, moreover, indications that further revisions are impending and it may be some years before another period of comparative stability in this field is reached. This article is at best an interim report on a rapidly changing situation, and it must be recognized that what are thought to be facts and valid conclusions now may soon be considered fallacious.


The present study aimed to identify differences observed in the sprints races performed by visually impaired athletes. Data were collected from 39 blind athletes from 24 countries participated in the 100 meters Paralympic Games in Beijing 2008. The extracted data allow to assess race time (s), average speed (m/s), number of steps, average frequency (Hz), mean of step time (s) and mean of the step amplitude (m), making a comparative study with non-disabled. Recordings of the audio-visual center of Beijing Paralympic Committee (DVD) were collected, and data was processed with SPSS (21.0). Among the results, highlight the importance of stride length and frequency, where the blind athletes show lower results in the first parameter, highlighting a very positive almost no difference in the reaction of output blocks.


Microhabitat, prey size, and body morphology were examined in sympatric leopard frogs (Rana pipiens), green frogs (R. clamitans), and bullfrogs (R. catesbeiana) at a site in central New Brunswick. Ratios of head widths among species pairs were 1.23 (leopard and green frogs) and 1.51 (bullfrogs and green frogs), suggesting that leopard and green frogs may take prey of similar size. Analysis of stomach contents showed no significant differences in the mean prey sizes selected by leopard and green frogs. Rana sp. figured prominently in the diet of bullfrogs at the study site. Overlap among the species for prey length indicates the potential for competition between green and leopard frogs (Pij = 0.40 versus Pij = 1.41 for green frogs and bullfrogs). Structural aspects of habitat associated with vegetation were most important in discriminating microhabitat. Leopard frogs selected microhabitats that were much more densely vegetated than those of either bullfrogs or green frogs. In water, green frogs occupied si...


M s ODERN editors of the 1609 Quarto of Shakespeare's Sonnets recognize that English spelling was not yet standardized in the early seventeenth century. An editor faced with different spellings of the same word will accept this as normal for the time, attach no significance to it and normalize or, more often, modernize the spelling, usually without great hazard to the sense. Similarly, E. A. Abbott noted that in regard to grammar, Shakespearean English "presents the English language in a transitional and undeveloped condition, rejecting and inventing much that the verdict of posterity has retained and discarded."' Thus, Abbott's text is cited frequently when an editor finds a form foreign to modern usage; the text may be allowed to stand without considering it corrupt and, if necessary, the editor may explain the usage to the reader. Unfortunately, the same cannot be said for punctuation. Most modern editors "repunctuate according to their own understanding of the connection among the lines and quatrains of a given sonnet,"2 assuming that the punctuation of the Quarto is largely compositorial (or scribal, for that matter) and therefore without authority. Without denying that assumption, I shall argue that editors should be just as careful about emending accidentals as they are about substantives. George Wyndham championed the conservative approach to emen-


The electrode 7 and the contact area 15 while passing through the TCO film and separated by an insulating space 9 to be formed by the nano-cracks 11 which is obtained by the UV radiation, mediating film 3 and it is structured in a film of transparent conductive oxide (TCO) deposited on a transparent support (1) to be coated with. The protective film 13 may coat the electrode 7 and the insulating space 9.


Recently, mobile displays especially for smartphones have been rapidly shifted to provide a higher resolution of 300 pixels/inch (ppi) or more, along with a wider viewing angle, a higher contrast ratio and a slimmer border. From viewpoints of both human eye resolution limitation and current progress of communication infrastructure, displays with resolution of 500 ppi or more should be needed in the near future. We are now developing ultra-high resolution displays, whose performance and fundamental technologies are described in this paper. Also future trend and challenges are addressed.


Significance Crosstalk between histone modifications regulates transcription by establishing spatial and temporal relationships between histone marks. Despite discoveries of reader domains that physically associate with chromatin-modifying enzymes, the mechanisms by which recognition of one modification triggers other kinds of modifications have remained elusive. Gcn5 is the catalytic subunit of the Spt-Ada-Gcn5 acetyltransferase (SAGA) histone acetyltransferase (HAT) module, which also recognizes histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) through the tandem Tudor domain-containing protein Sgf29. Although previous studies could not connect H3K4me3 recognition to differences in acetylation by Gcn5, we report enhanced processivity by the HAT module on methylated substrates using a previously unpublished histone color-coding assay. Our work defines a mechanism for histone crosstalk that may account for genome-wide patterns of Gcn5-mediated acetylation. The Spt-Ada-Gcn5 acetyltransferase (SAGA) coactivator complex hyperacetylates histone tails in vivo in a manner that depends upon histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3), a histone mark enriched at promoters of actively transcribed genes. SAGA contains a separable subcomplex known as the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) module that contains the HAT, Gcn5, bound to Sgf29, Ada2, and Ada3. Sgf29 contains a tandem Tudor domain that recognizes H3K4me3-containing peptides and is required for histone hyperacetylation in vivo. However, the mechanism by which H3K4me3 recognition leads to lysine hyperacetylation is unknown, as in vitro studies show no effect of the H3K4me3 modification on histone peptide acetylation by Gcn5. To determine how H3K4me3 binding by Sgf29 leads to histone hyperacetylation by Gcn5, we used differential fluorescent labeling of histones to monitor acetylation of individual subpopulations of methylated and unmodified nucleosomes in a mixture. We find that the SAGA HAT module preferentially acetylates H3K4me3 nucleosomes in a mixture containing excess unmodified nucleosomes and that this effect requires the Tudor domain of Sgf29. The H3K4me3 mark promotes processive, multisite acetylation of histone H3 by Gcn5 that can account for the different acetylation patterns established by SAGA at promoters versus coding regions. Our results establish a model for Sgf29 function at gene promoters and define a mechanism governing crosstalk between histone modifications.


The invention aims to provide a composite damping supporting plate structure for ships. The invention comprises a supporting plate, a hollow damping mass block, an acoustic absorbent and a band plate, wherein the hollow damping mass block is installed on the supporting plate, the band plate is fixed on the hollow damping mass block, and the acoustic absorbent is installed on the band plate. By utilizing the rigid damping technology, on the premise of no large deformation of the supporting plate structure, the invention obtains favorable effects of damping and noise reduction, and has the functions of damping and sound absorption. On the premise of minimally increasing the weight of the supporting plate, the invention effectively reduces the vibration and acoustic radiation at the power bay section of the ship, has the advantages of higher cost-benefit ratio and high economical efficiency, is a structural acoustic design between double layer hulls suitable for various ships, and has wide application prospects.


The Binary Coded Decimal encoding has always dominated decimal arithmetic algorithms and their hardware implementation by virtue is ease of conversion between machineand human-readable formats, as well as a more precise machine-format representation of decimal quantities. As compared to typical binary formats, BCD's principal drawbacks are a small increase in the complexity of the circuits needed to implement basic mathematical operations and less efficient usage of storage facilities. Due to importance such pro's and con's of BCD it is needed to convert them to decimal format and floating point decimal play important role present day arithmetic. This paper uses densely packed decimal encoding to store significant part of the decimal floating point number. And present day VLSI, low power is the major consideration for the Design. The reversible logic gates are the main source for designing the low power CMOS circuits, as it is not possible to realize quantum computing without them where the quantum computing the speed is the main parameter. This paper derives the reversible implementation of DPD converter to and from conventional BCD format. This conversion is implemented to the adder circuits where they follow BCD code for the arithmetic addition such that converting them to DPD (Densely packed Decimal) will result in the better storage capacity by decreasing the less density of storage devices for faster access to memory. The implementation of the adder circuit is carried in low power technique by using reversible logic gates in order to go for the complete low power design of the implementation. Keywords— BCD, DPD, Reversible logic gates, VHDL.


As the flying space environment has become deteriorated,according to the analysis of missile′s trajectory and space debris′ forecast model,a model of impact alert between long-range ballistic missile and space debris is established.The security influence for long-range ballistic missile from space debris is analyzed according to simulation.The simulation results indicate that there is underlying threatening to the long-range ballistic missile,and the research results can be used in flying security alert and selecting launch windows of missile.


Semantic composition is the task of understanding the meaning of text by composing the meanings of the individual words in the text. Semantic decomposition is the task of understanding the meaning of an individual word by decomposing it into various aspects (factors, constituents, components) that are latent in the meaning of the word. We take a distributional approach to semantics, in which a word is represented by a context vector. Much recent work has considered the problem of recognizing compositions and decompositions, but we tackle the more dicult generation problem. For simplicity, we focus on noun-modier bigrams and noun unigrams. A test for semantic composition is, given context vectors for the noun and modier in a noun-modier bigram ( red salmon), generate a noun unigram that is synonymous with the given bigram (sockeye). A test for semantic decomposition is, given a context vector for a noun unigram (snifter), generate a noun-modier bigram that is synonymous with the given unigram ( brandy glass). With a vocabulary of about 73,000 unigrams from WordNet, there are 73,000 candidate unigram compositions for a bigram and 5,300,000,000 (73,000 squared) candidate bigram decompositions for a unigram. We generate ranked lists of potential solutions in two passes. A fast unsupervised learning algorithm generates an initial list of candidates and then a slower supervised learning algorithm renes the list. We evaluate the candidate solutions by comparing them to WordNet synonym sets. For decomposition (unigram to bigram), the top 100 most highly ranked bigrams include a WordNet synonym of the given unigram 50.7% of the time. For composition (bigram to unigram), the top 100 most highly ranked unigrams include a WordNet synonym of the given bigram 77.8% of the time.


We consider a rate independent evolution quasivariational inequality in a Hilbert space X with closed convex constraints having nonempty interior. We prove that there exists a unique solution which is Lipschitz dependent on the data, if the dependence of the Minkowski functional on the solution is Lipschitzian with a small constant and if also the gradient of the square of the Minkowski functional is Lipschitz continuous with respect to all variables. We exhibit an example of nonuniqueness if the assumption of Lipschitz continuity is violated by an arbitrarily small degree.


Drought stress is one of the main restrictions in plant production in arid and semi-arid regions. Addition of superabsorbent agents that maintain water in the soil, is among strategies to cope with drought stress. Therefore, in order to investigate the effect of zeolite superabsorbent on the physiological properties of carrot plants, the experiment was carried out as a factorial in a completely randomized blocks design. The factors were zeolite (0, 2.5 and 5% of soil) and irrigation regime (25, 50, 75 and 100% of the field capacity). The results indicated that the highest total phenol was related to 2.5% zeolite treatment with 75% of field capacity irrigation. The highest amounts of carotenoids, chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll and carbohydrate belonged to 5% zeolite treatment with 25% of field capacity irrigation. The highest levels of chlorophyll b and anthocyanin were related to 5% zeolite treatment with 75 and 50% of field capacity, respectively. In conclusion, the application of zeolite in combination with soil, maintained the plant moisture in drought stress conditions and, under 25 and 50% of field capacity the application of 5 % zeolite, improved the physiological capacity of carrots.


This paper provides two kinds of iterated function systems (IFSs), the first type is generated by two linear functions defined on the real line, and does not have the limit shadowing property, another class is generated by a linear function and a constant function defined on the real line, and does not have the exponential limit shadowing property. These two IFSs solve Problems 2 and 3 in [7, M.F. Nia, S.A. Ahmadi, Various shadowing properties for parameterized iterated function systems, U.P.B. Sci. Bull., Series A, 2018]. Further, a continuous linear operator with bounded inverse defined on a Banach space has the exponential shadowing property.


The anti-senility preparation is prepared through such steps as for epimedium, breaking, water extraction, concentration and alcohol immersion to obtain extract; for Rhizoma curculiginis and fleece flower root, alcohol extraction, pH regulation, filter, addition of CO2, ageing, and recovering alcohol to obtain extract; for glossy privet fruit and ginseng, alcohol extraction, and recovering alcohol to obtain extract; respective grinding; and mixing. It has medical function of nourishing kidney and resisting sanility and fatigue.


Continuous and right development means such achievements, which cares for the needs of the present as well as the needs of the future. Good health is an essential requirement in past, present, and future periods. Development is considered an achievement only when it is fully grown. This process started with Ayurveda, after the rise of development from Homeopathy and Siddha after independence, along with Unani and Yoga, today is providing health benefits in the field of health in the name of Ayush treatment system. As integrated medical system, patients should get complete all-round health benefits at one place; this is the aim of Ayush treatment system. Post independent India, saw the 'Ayush' system grow at a faster pace as a result, considerable infrastructure of health care is available in public, private and voluntary sectors. Policy support to the Indian system of Medicine and Homoeopathy has been there since independence in 1947. The objectives of the strategies outlined in the policy include expansion of health care through Ayush, mainstreaming of Ayush facilities, quality control and standardization of Ayush drugs, education research and development relevant to emerging health needs, and awareness generation about the potentials and strengths of Ayush system.


This study develops an alternative approach to the issue of transfer form, which uses the basic needs framework to produce a set of tools for evaluating the efficiency of redistribution programs. In contrast with the Pareto redistribution approach, we find that in-kind transfers are not always preferred over cash payments when donors are concerned only with the recipient's consumption of specific commodities. Furthermore, we find that justification of a mixed transfer system on efficiency grounds does not require the existence of both general and specific commodity externalities. The choice of transfer system is shown to be dependent on the recipient's spending propensities, the specific targets of public assistance, and the administrative costs of alternative programs.


Human reasoning is often biased by heuristic thinking. A key question is whether people detect that their heuristic answer conflicts with logical considerations. Empirical studies suggest that the detection is typically successful but the generality of these findings has been questioned. The present study focuses on this issue. A response confidence measure was used to validate conflict sensitivity findings in the classical ratio bias task and identify individual differences in conflict detection efficiency. Participants were asked to indicate how confident they were after solving problems for which a cued heuristic response could be inconsistent or consistent with the correct response. Results confirmed that most reasoners showed a confidence decrease when they were biased, suggesting that they acknowledge that their intuitive answers are not fully warranted. However, there were also subgroups of reasoners who failed to show a confidence effect. Implications for the debate on conflict detection during thinking are discussed.


A multilevel cascade voltage source inverter having separate DC sources is described herein. This inverter is applicable to high voltage, high power applications such as flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) including static VAR generation (SVG), power line conditioning, series compensation, phase shifting and voltage balancing and fuel cell and photovoltaic utility interface systems. The M-level inverter consists of at least one phase wherein each phase has a plurality of full bridge inverters equipped with an independent DC source. This inverter develops a near sinusoidal approximation voltage waveform with only one switching per cycle as the number of levels, M, is increased. The inverter may have either single-phase or multi-phase embodiments connected in either wye or delta configurations. What is claimed is: 1. A multiple DC voltage source inverter for connecting to an AC power system, comprising: a. a plurality of full bridge inverters having a primary node and a secondary node, each of said full bridge inverters having a positive node and a negative node, each of said full bridge inverters having a voltage supporting device electrically connected in a parallel relationship between said positive node and said negative node; b. at least one cascade inverter phase, each cascade inverter phase having a plurality of said full bridge inverters, each cascade inverter phase having a consistent number of said full bridge inverters with respect to each phase, each of said full bridge inverters in each cascade inverter phase interconnected in a series relationship with said secondary node of one of said full bridge inverters connected to said primary node of another full bridge inverter, said series interconnection defining a first full bridge inverter and a last full bridge inverter, each phase having an input node at said primary node of said first full bridge inverter and an output node at said secondary node of said last full bridge inverter; c. a control means connected in an operable relationship with each of said full bridge inverters to [emit a square wave signal for a prescribed period therefrom; whereby,] [(italic start)]detect a period and a reference signal associated with the AC power system and to alternate activation and deactivation of each of said full bridge inverters in response to the reference signal to create [(italic end)]a nearly sinusoidal voltage waveform approximation [is generated by the controlled, alternate activation and deactivation of said full bridge inverters by said control means] [(italic start)]having substantially the same period as the AC power system and having a desired phase shift defined with respect to the reference signal[(italic end)]. (Main Claim) 2. A multiple DC voltage source inverter for connecting to an AC power system as described in claim 1 having three cascade inverter phases. 3. A multiple DC voltage source inverter for connecting to an AC power system as described in claim 2 having a plurality of phase connectors, one of said phase connectors electrically connected between said input node of the first of said cascade inverter phases and said output node of the third of said cascade inverter phases, another of said phase connectors electrically connected between said input node of the third of said cascade inverter phases and said output node of the second of said cascade inverter phases, another of said phase connectors electrically connected between said input node of the second of said cascade inverter phases and said output node of the first of said cascade inverter phases. 4. A multiple DC voltage source inverter for connecting to an AC power system as described in claim 3 further comprising each of said full bridge inverters having a first switching pair and a second switching pair, each of said switching pairs having a plurality of switching means for controllably regulating electrical current flow, each of said switching means having a first end and a second end, said first switching pair having a plurality of switching means electrically connected at said first end at said positive node of said full bridge inverter, said second end of one of said switching means of said first switching pair electrically connected to said primary node, said second end of another of said switching means of said first switching pair electrically connected to said secondary node, said second switching pair having a plurality of switching means electrically connected at said second ends at said negative node of said full bridge inverter, said first end of one of said switching means of said second switching pair electrically connected to said primary node, said first end of another of said switching means of said second switching pair electrically connected to said secondary


The concept of green economy could be a worldwide natural concept and is closely related to the concept of sustainable development. The concept of maintainable development could be a concept that points to form a adjust between improvement measurements, such as financial, social and natural. Both concepts are very popularly used in western countries and have long been implemented by the Indonesian government. In the context of climate change and green economy, Bappenas has propelled the Indonesia Climate Change Sectoral Roadmap (ICCSR) which contains a nine-sector procedure, specifically ranger service, vitality, industry, transportation, squander, agribusiness, marine and fisheries, water assets, and wellbeing. In connection with the ICCSR, the role of the Central Government and Regional Government is very important and dominant. This article aims to determine: 1) the role of the central government and regional governments in overcoming environmental problems by using this concept with a public policy approach in nine integrated sectors; 2) supporting and inhibiting factors in implementing green economy policies; and 3) the impact of green economy policies. This article uses a qualitative descriptive research approach. The collection of data through in-depth interviews with informants at Department of Environment and Forestry of Central Java Province with snowball sampling techniques, documentation and field observations.


Abstract Issue and problem In France according the group of age, 37% to 81% of the population are insufficiently active (ANSES, 2017). In addition, more than 40% of adults have prolonged sedentary behaviours (? 7 hours of day) (ANSES, 2017). Moreover, 7,6% of premature deaths in France could be attributable to physical inactivity (GOPA, 2021). In many territories, opportunities to adopt a physical active lifestyle need to be improved (IGAS, 2018). To tackle these major issues, the French government have implemented the Sport-Health Houses (SHH) program through the national sport health strategy 2019-2024. Problem description SHH have been launched in 2019 across the country. SHH are places were communities are welcomed and informed about multiples benefits of physical activity and sport. SHH also offer opportunities to evaluate people's fitness and to refer them to a 'sport health' program through their own resources or through local stakeholders network. How the SSH program have been implemented across the country? Did SHH reach inactive people? How SHH impacted communities? Results Each year since 2019, the ministry of sport and the ministry of solidary and health have launched a call for project to local stakeholders to their organization become a SHH by complying selection requirements. In January 2022, 436 SSH were created on metropolitan and overseas territories with attention to the most vulnerable. Since 2020, beyond information about the benefits and opportunities to practice locally a physical activity, almost 697 000 inactive people were supported following a sport-health program of SHH in primary prevention of which 45 000 people in secondary or tertiary prevention. The impact evaluation of SHH to the communities is in progress Lessons A strong national policy can support the local level to develop Health-Enhancing the Physical Activity (HEPA) promotion. Moreover, it seems to be particularly relevant to develop SHH in territories with social inequalities to attract people generally far away of an active lifestyle. Main messages An approach linking the national and the local level is promising to develop HEPA.


The nonlinear dynamics is studied of a plasma that consists of hot electrons, cold ions and macroscopic dust particles, in the characteristic frequency range below the ion cyclotron and magnetosonic frequencies. The plasma is immersed in a sheared magnetic field and there exists a sheared plasma flow, in the direction perpendicular to the background magnetic field. In the frequency range above the dust-acoustic and dust charging frequencies, regarding the dust grains as immobile and with constant charges, the plasma is described by the first two moments of the drift-kinetic equation, accounting for the contributions of the stress-tensor and finite mass to the electron dynamics. In the strongly nonlinear regime, the plasma dynamics is governed by the vector nonlinearities arising from the E × B convection and the magnetic field lines' bending. For a linear density profile the standard dipole solution is found, while in the case of parabolic density profiles a coherent localized nonlinear solution is constructed in the form of a tripole, since stable simple monopolar vortices do not exist. Due to the presence of dust grains, the electron and ion diamagnetic currents do not cancel out, which limits the energy of these structures, provides their good spatial localization and increases the stability, compared to their ordinary-plasma counterparts.


Abstract In this paper, we prove strong convergence and Δ−convergence of Fibonacci-Mann iteration for a monotone non-Lipschitzian mapping (i.e. nearly asymptotically nonexpansive mapping) in partially ordered hyperbolic metric space. Moreover, we prove stability of Fibonacci-Mann iteration. Further, we construct a numerical example to illustrate results. Our results simultaneously generalize the results of Alfuraidan and Khamsi [Bull. Aust. Math. Soc., 2017, 96, 307–316] and Schu [J. Math. Anal. Appl., 1991, 58, 407–413].


Two formulations for tissue equivalent liquids are presented and characterised in terms of dielectric properties in the frequency range 30-300 MHz. The purpose is to provide viable options for consideration by the standardisation bodies dealing with the assessment of exposure to electromagnetic sources in that frequency range


Different types of WC/NiCrBSi metal matrix composite coatings were deposited by laser cladding. The wear resistance of these composite coatings was tested with a ring-on-disc (MMG-10) apparatus. The morphologies of the worn surfaces were observed using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) for elemental composition. The results showed that the wear resistance of the laser clad WC/Ni-based composite coatings increased significantly with increasing WC mass fraction. It had also been suggested that the composite coating containing 60 wt% agglomerate WC had superior wear resistance property. The wear mechanism was then discussed on the basis of microscopic observations of the worn surfaces.


From the formation and development of quantum mechanics,we can find that the knowledge migration
had played an important role in the development of physics. Knowledge migration not only can bring forth new ideas
but also may lead to great scientific discoveries. We should pay close attention to how to develop the creative sense of
the students in their university education by summing up the scientific history.


1 For example, in her work on female Holocaust survivors, Ringelheim questions her own earlier findings on the positive characteristics of Jewish women, which she claimed aided their survival. Instead of 'cataloguing the historical experiences of individual women', utilizing cultural feminism and glorifying certain characteristics actually constructed gendered generalizations that distracted from the experiences themselves (Hardi, p. 72). 2 'Unlike the Holocaust, however, where the men were selected for slave labour and the majority of women, children and the elderly were immediately gassed, the men during Anfal were executed within days of their capture. The elderly were taken to a special camp in the south, where hundreds died of hunger, heat, and maltreatment, and the young families to a separate camp' (Hardi, pp. 48–49).


The juice from African star apple (Chrysophyllumalbidum)fruit juicewas processed and
analysed to evaluate the effect of pasteurization at 70⁰C/20min, 70⁰C/40min, 72⁰C/15min,
72⁰C/25min and 80⁰C/20min on the chemical composition, antinutritient, sensory attributes
and microbial quality. The proximate compositionwas carried out on the control sample,
having a moisture content of 79.46%, total ash content of 3.54%, crude fat content of 1.39%,
crude fibre of 6.78%, crude protein content of 0.32% and carbohydrate content of 8.50%.The
result obtained showed that there was an increase in Titratableacidity which ranged from 2.734
- 2.881 and decreased with increase in temperature. There was a decrease in vitamin C, brix,
PH and specific gravity which ranged from 22.52 – 14.86, 23.75 – 23.37, 2.95 – 2.97 and 1.093
– 1.089. The result obtained from the antinutrient showed that there was an increase in tannin
content and saponin content which ranged from 5.035 – 5.550, 0.171 - 0.347 and decrease in
phytate in content which ranged from 0.023 – 0.014. The result obtained from the sensory
analysis showed that there was no significant difference among the reference sample and
treated samples for appearance/colour, taste and overall acceptability, but there was a
significant decrease for aroma. The time and temperature employed were all sufficient to
knockout bacterial in the juice, i.e., total plate count and the fungal growth in the sample
treated at 70⁰C/40min and few growths in other treated samples which were lowered than the
recommended microbiological standard for any fruit juice. Results obtained from this result
showed that pasteurization has effects on the quality of African star apple juice. All condition
except 70⁰C/40min is acceptable.


The existence of an increased number of Kupffer cells is recognized as critical in the initiation of the inflammatory cascade leading to liver fibrosis. Because 5‐lipoxygenase (5‐LO) is a key regulator of cell growth and survival, in the current investigation we assessed whether inhibition of the 5‐LO pathway would reduce the excessive number of Kupffer cells and attenuate inflammation and fibrosis in experimental liver disease. Kupffer cells were the only liver cell type endowed with a metabolically active 5‐LO pathway (i.e., expressed mRNAs for 5‐LO, 5‐LO‐activating protein [FLAP], and leukotriene [LT] C4 synthase and generated LTB4 and cysteinyl‐LTs). Both the selective 5‐LO inhibitor AA861 and the FLAP inhibitor BAY‐X‐1005 markedly reduced the number of Kupffer cells in culture. The antiproliferative properties of AA861 and BAY‐X‐1005 were associated with the occurrence of condensed nuclei, fragmented DNA, and changes in DNA content and cell cycle frequency distribution consistent with an apoptotic process. In vivo, in carbon tetrachloride‐treated rats, BAY‐X‐1005 had a significant antifibrotic effect and reduced liver damage and the hepatic content of hydroxyproline. Together, these findings indicate a novel mechanism by which inactivation of the 5‐LO pathway could disrupt the sequence of events leading to liver inflammation and fibrosis.


In his recent article, Jernigan (1986) presents what he feels is a superior alternative to the traditional hierarchical approach to design analysis on ceramics. We disagree that the hierarchical system is flawed seriously. Both Jernigan's nonhierarchical approach and the hierarchical approaches are models of design that should be applied selectively according to specific problem orientations. Our discussion focuses on: (1) the strengths and weaknesses of both approaches regarding different aspects of design analysis, and (2) a critique of Jernigan's schema concept with respect to its supposed emic content, operationalization, and internal consistency. Specifically, we believe that Jernigan's characterization of schemata as emic units of design is inappropriate. An understanding of design units such as schemata can be achieved best by placing design in a cultural context. Jernigan's schemata also suffer from both ambiguity and internal inconsistency that compromise their usefulness. However, despite our reservations concerning the nonhierarchical approach, Jernigan's article rekindles important issues concerning the design analysis of prehistoric artifacts.


Background  The nature of medical care at the end of life and, in particular, the way in which caring is learned remain problematic for medical educators and the profession. Recent work has indicated that doctors learn to care, in an emotional and intimate way, from people who are dying.


Big data is a torrent of data streams that are complex such that traditional data-processing system software is inadequate to deal with this huge data. Dealing with big data consists of challenges such as capturing data, data processing, data storage, data analysis, search, sharing, transfer, visualization, querying and updating. Predictive modelling is used for analysing historical events or data to predict known or unknown facts. Neural networks is used to train models efficiently based on the input data sets consisting of parametric features provided. Educational institutions deal with voluminous student mark records that are utilized for understanding and interpreting the institutional academic competency with other institutions. Analysing the performance involves manual computations for report generation. In this paper we have introduced a student performance analyser and recommender that uses prediction algorithms and content based recommendation approach to predict the academic performances which is fully automated and reduces the manual calculations while enabling students to select from a range of recommended subjects based on multiple queries that are suitable to the caliber of the student. The prediction algorithm uses back propagation techniques that take multiple input parametric features to improve the performance in terms of reducing the error rate. Multiple parametric feature
inputs are integrated and compared to the performance when single input features are provided. This research paper helps in analysing the data by automating the tedious calculations including prediction of students performance and recommending papers for the upcoming year. It has been observed that based on the analysis reports that are automatically generated with prediction, future performances of students are found to be accurate due to the multiple input features that gave a higher accuracy and low error rate when compared to other traditional models.


Conventional wisdom about Varendri, a sub-region of 'early medieval' Bengal, is dominantly dependent upon epigraphic and textual sources. The role of archaeological narratives has been reduced by an approach to corroborate these dominant histories, although systematic and critically informed archaeological researches in this sub-region are quite scanty. In this paper, the excavation of a structural mound in one of the early medieval settlements located in the hinterland zone between two of the early urban centres – Mahasthangarh and Bangarh – is reported. A brick-built structural assemblage has been revealed through the excavation. Tentatively identified as a Brahmanical temple, the structural assemblage has been found to have gone through several changes during its lifetime according to the stratigraphic understanding and interpretations. These shifts might have resulted in the transformation of its function and significance in the context of the settlement(s). The temple along with other predominantly religious edifices was the core around which the settlement was formed and developed. Although inscriptional references suggest that the settlement evolved from a village to a centre of a geo-administrative unit called Chandagrama Visaya, the urban character of the settlement cannot be proved on the basis of archaeological evidence. The settlement could be identified within an indistinguishable zone between the rural and the urban according to the spatial organization of cultural materials, location of the settlement in the local settlement network, and the settlement size.


Taking Fengqiu county which locate along lower reaches of the Yellow River as study area,the land use and landscape pattern change from 1990 to 2000 as well as its driving factors were analyzed using remote senseing,geographic information system technic,and canonical correlation methold.The results showed as follow:rural residential area and constructed land increased 2 934.87hm2 while other types of land use decreased,particularly cultivated land and water body respectively decressed 1 084.81 hm2、1 717.92 hm2.The agricultural landscape pattern is well stable with the mareix of dry land and paddy field which is always near 80% of total area.On the other hand,agricultural structure is simple and landscape diversity is low.The driving factors of land use and landscape pattern change are mainly agricultural society and economic such as population and grain production.


Read more and get great! That's what the book enPDFd amebiasis a biomedical problem will give for every reader to read this book. This is an on-line book provided in this website. Even this book becomes a choice of someone to read, many in the world also loves it so much. As what we talk, when you read more every page of this amebiasis a biomedical problem, what you will obtain is something great.


*† An attempt is carried out to introduce wave rotor research activities in the Turbomachinery Laboratory of Michigan State University (MSU). The activities vary for different propulsion and power generation purposes including utilization of wave rotors for microturbines, ultra-micro gas turbines, and water refrigeration systems. In collaboration with the research team at Warsaw University of Technology in Poland and Purdue School of Engineering and Technology in Indianapolis (IUPUI), several other analytical and numerical studies have been also investigated in this laboratory. This institute also houses the first wave rotor test rig at university levels in the nation. The goal of this paper is to summarize past and ongoing efforts in this institute. Special emphasis is given to propulsion applications and significant potential of wave rotor technology for performance improvement of gas turbine and jet engines. Observations and lessons learnt from experimental studies, numerical simulations, analytical approaches, and other design and analysis tools are discussed. I. Introduction here is a continual demand to increase the performance of thermodynamic cycles beyond the limits of conventional turbomachinery. Traditionally, these cycles often function based on steady-flow processes with relatively well understood fluid mechanics and predictable performance. Utilizing unsteady-flow machines has been considered as a possible solution for increasing significantly the efficiency of simple steady-flow or semi-steady devices. The basic concept underlying these unsteady devices, known as wave machines or wave engines, is employing compression and expansion waves to add or remove energy from a fluid flow. It has been proved that for modest pressure ratios, more efficient compression processes can be achieved using pressure waves rather than blades or pistons. 1-3 Among several wave machines, pulse detonation engines (PDE) and wave rotors have received significant attention. Many researchers and engineers consider the wave rotor concept as a breakthrough technology with the potential for quantum advances in various applications such as power generation, propulsion, refrigeration, and car engine supercharging. References 4-7 have


We describe a simple and cost-effectiv e method for the synthesis of an internal flu o rescently labeled DNA standard for fra g ment sizing using an automated DNA s e quencer. A set of primer pairs labeled wit h ROX was developed to amplify 12 DNA fragments, 58–417 bp, derived from a co n served region of plant chloroplast DNA . These amplified fragments were mixed t o gether, constituting a fluorescent interna l DNA size marker. The precision of the siz e standard was evaluated by estimating th e size of 20 alleles that were amplified at fou r dinucleotide microsatellite loci with the sy n thesized size standard and the commercia l internal sizing standard, GeneSca n ® Rox 500. A number of intra-gel and inter-ge l comparisons were run, and an analysis o f variance was carried out. No significant di f ference was observed between the size est i mates obtained with the synthesized DNA standard and the commercial standard. Thi s facile and general PCR-based method fo r the synthesis of internal standards allow s for significant savings in the implement a tion of large genotyping experiments usin g microsatellite or AFLP markers .


A semiconductor memory device having an on-die-termination device and an operation method thereof are provided to assure ODT(On Die Termination) latency stably regardless of PVT(Process, Voltage, Temperature) variation and various operation speeds. A plurality of termination resistors(600) are connected to an output pad in serial and parallel. An operation control unit(500) switches on/off the plurality of termination resistors in response to an operation control signal. A delay path(800) outputs the operation control signal by giving delay corresponding to ODT(On Die Termination) latency to a termination command and then converting the termination command into a DLL clock domain. A delay control signal generation unit(700) controls conversion time into the DLL clock domain.


: This paper aims to present the role of officials from parliaments concerning the development of e-Participation mechanisms. The analysis is a case study of two national parliaments – the Brazilian House of Representatives and the British House of Commons – from the observation in field and interviews with public officials involved in the construction of institutional online tools for public engagement. The results show that there is constant involvement of external agents with the institutions to contribute to the modernization process, the teams have expertise and are updated about the world changes concerning digital technologies, and these practitioners believe that developing e-Participation tools is opening an important channel between the parliament and the citizens. Finally, we conclude that the integration between sectors is one of the essential actions to the success of initiatives, since they connect different agents over the same problem and expands the publicity of the mechanisms.


Soil nitrogen (N) transformations, which regulate soil N availability, are important for ecosystem productivity and other functions. Nitrogen deposition influences soil N transformations, but it remains unclear how soil N transformations, especially microbial N immobilization, change with different N deposition rates. In this study, we compiled a global data set of gross N mineralization, nitrification, and microbial mineral N immobilization rates with different N addition treatments across terrestrial ecosystems to reveal their responses to different N deposition rates. The results showed that gross N mineralization and gross nitrification rates were stimulated by both low and high N additions, but the increments slightly decreased with increasing N addition rate. However, microbial ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−) immobilization rates responded differently under low versus high N additions. They changed from being inhibited (NH4+ immobilization) or not affected (NO3− immobilization) under low N addition to being stimulated under high N addition (>55 kg N ha−1 yr−1), performing a linear increase along with the increasing N addition rate. This challenges the traditional perception that N enrichment limits microbial N utilization. Our results suggest that the effects of N deposition on gross N transformations are highly dependent on N deposition rate. These findings indicate that biogeochemical models should take into account the differential responses of gross N transformations to different N addition rates to better predict ecosystem N cycling in the context of increasing N deposition.


We present a microlocal criterion for the equivalence of iterated nearby cycles along different flags of subspaces in a higher-dimensional base. We also sketch an intended application to Hitchin systems, specifically progress towards a Verlinde formula in Betti Geometric Langlands to appear in future work.


Power extraction problem in the gasdynamic lasers is studied by developing a quasi-one-dimensional model. Flow variables and characteristic parameters of the 16 μm output beam are obtained by numerical calculations. It is shown numerically that this type of the gasdynamic lasers can deliver a large amount of energy in high repetition rate. Based on this model, the output energy of the laser is optimized by employing the variational method. The most important parameter, the optimal nozzle-shape, is obtained by defining the family of optimal shapes. It is shown that the supersonic part of each member of this family consists of an acceleration part, an uniformization part which is a curved surface and is smoothly connected to the first part, and a relaxation duct. Finally, numerical optimization with respect to several parameters is carried out.


A way of wordcutting is the most important in the three rules for seal art,which is split into fit and unfit ways.Those that are unfit change with time.The choice of words for seals,up to seal-cutter's knowledge about literature,plays a very important role in opening up his range of creation and bringing up his peculiar style of art and etc.


The observation of various conditions with increased excretion of amino-acids in the urine has given rise to problems of differential diagnosis, many of which are still unsolved. This paper will compare and contrast three different diseases with increased amino-acid excretion. It is based on the description of the following cases; the first an example of Lignac-Fanconi disease, the second an infant suffering from galactosaemia, and the third a child with an obscure syndrome. The detection of disturbances of amino-acid metabolism in a variety of diseases has been made possible since


ABSTRACT Bayesian hierarchical models have been increasingly used in regional flood frequency analysis due to their flexibility and ability to accommodate the spatial variability of flooding processes in distribution parameters. Hierarchical models based on the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution are useful since they may combine scaling properties and distinct degrees of pooling in the shape parameter for improving quantile estimation. In this paper, we evaluate the benefits of combining a partial pooling approach and a formal description of the spatial latent processes that govern the distribution parameters. The application of the model in the Alto do São Francisco River catchment (Brazil) suggests that, despite obtaining similar estimates at gauged sites, prediction at ungauged counterparts may be substantially improved in densely gauged regions, in terms of accuracy and precision, by accounting for spatial dependency. In poorly gauged areas, however, no benefits in utilizing latent spatial processes for inference were verified.


Strong faculty are indispensable to healthy learning communiti es. In additi on to providing excellent teaching, faculty serve as role models for their students, provide intellectual sti mulati on for their colleagues, and catalyze all aspects of the academic process. To draw people into science and mathemati cs, careers in these disciplines must be seen to be att racti ve and rewarding. Faculty who are sati sfi ed with their careers, who enjoy teaching, and who are excited about scholarship serve as dynamic models of the kind of persons we hope to graduate from our colleges.


This document describes automatic classification of targets detected by the FMICW radar. These targets are counted and sorted to three groups (incoming, outgoing and static targets). We derived this information from the output of the neural network which marked the targets in 2D spectrum. The additional neural network has five layers. The first layer is used for the suppression of the targets with even numbers of points, which causes problems during the symmetry detection. The second and third layers detect the symmetry in the dimension (vertical or horizontal). The fourth layer checks out if the symmetry is in both dimensions and if the detection is not a false alert caused by the constellation of the targets. The fifth layer contains only 4 neurons and this layer is used for counting of the targets and classification of the targets (if they are static, incoming or outgoing). The neural network is composed of a simple block for the easy implementation on the FPGA.


In this study, the amplitudes best suited to compare four input devices are examined in the context of a pointer-based system control interface for immersive virtual environments. The interfaces are based on a pen and tablet, a touch tablet, hand-tracking using Kinect and a Wii Nunchuk analog stick. This is done as a preliminary study in order to be able to compare the interfaces with the goal of evaluating them in the context of using virtual environments in a class lecture. Five amplitudes are tested for each of the four interfaces by having test participants mark menu elements in an eight-part radial menu using each combination of amplitude and interface. The amplitudes to be used for future experiments were found. Also, the movement times for the interfaces do not fit the predictions of Fitts' law.