Summary. C ast nephropathy, as a result of hypersecretion and urinary excretion of monoclonal light chains (LC), is the main cause of renal failure (RF) in patient with multiple myeloma (MM). The aim of the study was to evaluate the effi ciency of extracorporeal methods for LC elimination in MM patients with RF. The study has been carried out in 5 hemodialysis patients with MM. Plasmapheresis has been carried out in 1 patient, hemodiafi ltration in 2, and hemodialysis with high-off dialysers in 2 patients. Serum concentrations of LC were measured before and after extracorporeal methods by nefelometry. Plasmapheresis and hemodialysis with high-off dialysers are eff ective extracorporeal methods for LC elimination. The advantages of hemodialysis with high-off dialysers in the treatment of acute RF in MM patients consist in the possibility of long application without loss of high-molecular substances.Key words: multiple myeloma, renal failure, hemodialysis Для корреспонденции : Рехтина Ирина Германовна


The clinical experience that 82 skin burning cases due to organophosphates complicated with acute poisoning were rescued and treated was summarized.It is emphasized that while treatment of skin burning the acute poisoning should be treated promptly to avoid the aggravation of poisoning.The burning skin should be cleaned to avoid absorption of organophosphates through skin.Change of dressing should be correctly done to ensure the wound healing earlier and recovery of poisoning.


Chapter 2 is the first critical consideration of the relationship between Ashbery and F. T. Prince. It attends to the extensive correspondence between the two poets—held at Harvard and the recently opened F. T. Prince archive at the University of Southampton—which is particularly rich in discussion of the subject of national literatures. Through analysis of Prince's first volume, Poems, and Ashbery's Some Trees, it suggests that Prince's work provided a model for Ashbery's 'encrypted' early lyrics addressing his homosexuality. In the sec section, the correspondence is employed to identify further points of interaction between the two poets' work. 'Clepsydra' is read as building closely upon Prince's 'The Tears of a Muse in America', and presented as an early elaboration of Ashbery's incipient conception of a reciprocal influential model.


Convolutionally encoded partial response CPM is studied for an AWGN channel constrained by a narrow spectrum mask which puts hard requirements on both the width of the spectral main lobe and the size of the spectral side lobes. A family of uncoded partial response CPM schemes of different complexity based on the GMSK phase pulse are obtained. The schemes with best minimum Euclidean distance are compared with convolutionally encoded schemes meeting the same spectrum and information bit rate requirements. It is found that for 4-ary CPM there is a coding gain, but the best scheme is an 8-ary uncoded scheme and in most cases there is a coding loss, at least for the studied low memory order convolutional codes.


Objective To establish a kind of rat atherosclerosis model suitable for research of cardiovascular disease. Methods Twenty-four healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: high lipid + vitamin D_3 overload group,high lipid group and control group.Serum lipid,serum calcium were determined.Thoracic aortae were isolated and prepared for hematoxylin-eosin and Kossa stain.Results The levels of serum total cholesterol(TC) and triglyceride(TG)in hyperlipidemia + vitamin D_3 group and hyperlipidemia group were obviously higher than those in control group(P0.01).The level of serum calcium in hyperlipidemia + vitamin D_3 group was obviously higher than those in control group and hyperlipidemia group(P0.01).Typical mature atheromatous plaques(hematoxylin-eosin staining) and significant calcium deposited in the aortic intima and media(von Kossa staining) were presented in the rats' aortae of hyperlipidemia + vitamin D_3 group.No typical atheromatous plaques except for the proliferation of smooth muscle cells appeared in the rats' aortae of hyperlipidemia group.Conclusions Ideal rat model for the study of atherosclerosis can be established by treating rats with celiac injection of large dose of vitamin D_3 accompanied by an atherogenic diet.


A condition is established for obtaining a Group Divisible (GD) design from an asymmetric Bm design. A method is also given for constructing a variance balanced design from a GD design.


Today the localities of the Berlin mission station Gerlachshoop and the adjacent royal Bakopa village Thabantsho are archaeological sites. Surface surveys and archaeological excavations have exposed the character of a place that was the scene of contact between the African chief Boleu of the Bakopa and the missionaries of the Berlin Missionary Society between 1860 and 1864. Their contact occurred in a period of tension between the Bakopa and other African polities, such as the Bapedi, the Ndzundza-Ndebele and the Swazi. The contact also occurred against the backdrop of the formation of the Boer Republics in central southern Africa. At Thabantsho, Boleu initially welcomed the missionaries but soon made their lives extremely difficult by his actions. This vicissitude of rapprochement and animosity materialised in spatial arrangements at and around Thabantsho. When Boleu and many of his people died in battle against a combined Swazi-Boer force on 10 May 1864, the battle also signalled the end of the missionary work at Gerlachshoop for decades afterwards. Both places were deserted.


Baber, Chris, Paul Smith, James Cross, John E. Hunter, and Richard McMaster. 2006. ''Crime Scene Investigation as Distributed Cognition.'' Pragmatics & Cognition 14(2):357– 82. Champod, Christophe, Chris J. Lennard, Pierre Margot, and Milutin Stoilovic. 2016. ''Fingermark Detection and Enhancement.'' Pp. 179–314 in Fingerprints and Other Ridge Skin Impressions, 2 edition. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. Cook, R., I. W. Evett, G. Jackson, P. J. Jones and J. A. Lambert. 1998. ''A Hierarchy of Propositions: Deciding Which Level to Address in Casework.'' Science & Justice 38(4):231–40. Dulong, René. 2004. ''La rationalité spécifique de la police technique.'' Revue internationale de criminologie et de police technique et scientifique 3:259–78. Eco, Umberto, and Thomas Albert Sebeok, eds. 1988. The Sign of Three: Dupin, Holmes, Peirce. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ENFSI. 2015. ENFSI Guideline for Evaluative Reporting in Forensic Science—Strengthening the Evaluation of Forensic Results across Europe (STEOFRAE). European Network of Forensic Science Institutes. Evett, I. W., G. Jackson, and J. A. Lambert. 2000. ''More on the Hierarchy of Propositions: Exploring the Distinction between Explanations and Propositions.'' Science & Justice 40(1):3–10. Hazard, Durdica. 2014. ''La pertinence en science forensique: Une (en)quête épistémologique et empirique.'' Doctorat, Université de Lausanne. Hazard, Durdica. 2016. ''The Relevant Physical Trace in Criminal Investigation.'' Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2(4):208–12. Kirk, Paul L. 1963. ''The Ontogeny of Criminalistics.'' The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science 54(2):235–38. Lindley, Dennis V. 2006. Understanding Uncertainty. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Pape, Helmut. 2008. ''Searching For Traces: How To Connect the Sciences and the Humanities by a Peircean Theory of Indexicality.'' Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society 44(1):1–25. Robertson, Bernard, and G. A. Vignaux. 1995. Interpreting Evidence: Evaluating Forensic Science in the Courtroom. New York: Wiley. Vasilaki, Dimitra. 2012. Evidence, Inference and Enquiry (Proceedings of the British Academy). Edited by W. Twining and P. Dawid. London: British Academy.


: Located in the subtropical monsoon climate zone, Huangshan is one of the high mountains in eastern China and lies in the transition zone of north-south flora. It is considered a refuge of flora and fauna during the Quaternary maximum glaciation. Zonal vegetation is classified as evergreen broad-leaved forest mean DBH for all the individuals was 4.10 cm, and small sized trees dominated the plot. The emergent layer was divided into two sub-layers, individuals of C. eyrei were dominant in both layers, while P. massoniana was a subdominant species. Castanopsis eyrei , E. nitida , R. ovatum and P. massoniana had a significant clustered distribution.


Abstract. We determined preferences of the Pilliga mouse, Pseudomys pilligaensis, for habitat attributes (ground and vegetation cover) through phases of a population irruption, and characterised refuge sites used when environmental conditions were unfavourable. In general, P. pilligaensis preferred areas with substrate dominated by sand and shrubs rather than rock or litter. However, its habitat selection changed with phases of the irruption. In the Increase phase, it showed no strong habitat preferences, perhaps because the abundance of food (seeds) overrode preferences for more stable habitat values. Its sensitivity to habitat variables increased in the Peak phase. In the Low phase, mice preferred ground cover with higher proportions of sand and shrubs, and lower proportions of rock and litter. Regression analyses suggested that sandy substrate is the most important factor for the refuge habitat of P. pilligaensis, perhaps because a sandy surface can support more understorey shrubs which provide seeds and protection from predators, and provides sites for burrows. Judging from areas where P. pilligaensis was caught during the Low phase, water run-on areas could also characterise refuge habitats. However, further studies are needed to define the species' refuge habitats fully.


The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among coaching leadershipnof center director, teacher efficacy, and job satisfaction. The subjects were 202 child carencenter teachers working in Sejong City. The analysis of data was conducted using ANOVAnand post-hoc test with SPSS 12.0. Pearson's correlation analysis were also employed innorder to understand the relation between coaching leadership, teaching efficacy, and jobnsatisfactions. The results are as follows: First, it showed a significant difference dependingnon the personal background such as age, work experience, and qualifications. In terms ofnthe perception of coaching leadership, there was a difference according to the subjects'nwork experience. The teachers with a long career considered coaching leadership to benpositive. With regard to teacher efficacy, the beginner teachers had low efficacy. In addition,nthe older the teachers are, the lower satisfaction on salary and promotion was found. Thenteachers with 4 to 6 years experience appeared to have relatively low job satisfaction.


The prelimenary analysis of the Chandra ACIS‐I and LETGS observations carried out over a period of 8 months starting 7 months after the outburst of Nova Velorum 1999 (=V382 Vel) is presented here. We find that within a period of less than 6 weeks the flux of the soft X‐ray component (.0.4–0.8 keV) decreases nearly 200 fold. In addition, we find that the soft component seems to become fainter following a steeper power law than the hard component. Most lines detected with the Chandra LETGS are broadened with a corresponding FWHM ∼ 2000 km/s that is compatible with the velocity of the expanding shell. The He‐like triplets of OVII and NVI allow us to put some constraints on the plasma temperature of 4.5–5.0 105 K.


Abstract: In this paper, we studied the influence of soil physicochemical factors on the distribution of Cordyceps. We found that in the soil layers at different depths, the differences in pH values, total N (TN), total P (TP), available P (AP) and available K (AK) were not significant, but the differences in soil water content (WC), soil organic matter (OM), hydrolysable nitrogen (HN) and AK were significant. In the 5-10 cm layer, WC, pH and TP were significant factors that influence the distribution of Cordyceps - the number of Cordyceps was the largest and the characterization of the Cordyceps was also the best. TP was an important factor for the first principle component of the soil physicochemical properties that influenced the population distribution of Cordyceps. pH value was an important factor for the the second principal component of the soil physicochemical properties that influenced population distribution, and WC was an important factor for the third principal component, the soil physicochemical properties. This demonstrates that the requirement of Cordyceps for specific ranges of WC, soil acidity-alkalinity and AP in soil layers is very high.


The changes in food consumption have increased in the last decades, due to the fast pace of the population lifestyle, with less time to dedicate to food, which has led to the consumption of easy to prepare and convenient foods. Dn the other hand, consumers have obtained greater knowledge regarding the relationship between food and health, and the search for natural and healthy foods has increased. This tendency has been reflected on the growth of this segment in industry and in the popularity of ready for consumption vegetables, since they present characteristics similar to those in natura (Buckley et al., 2007; Ragaert et al., 2007; Putnik et al., 2017a, b). The minimally processed vegetables are an essential component of a healthy diet and a convenient form of increasing the consumption of fresh produce (Rico et al., 2007). The stages involving minimum processing are selection, prewashing, cutting or slicing, sanitizing, rinsing, centrifuging, packaging, and refrigeration, aiming to preserve the fresh product (Bolin & Huxsoll, 1991; Dliveira & Valle, 2000; Zambrano-Zaragoza et al., 2017).


Significance Sr2RuO4 is distinctive among unconventional superconductors, in that in addition to exhibiting evidence for strong correlations, it is stoichiometric and extremely clean. As a result, its electronic structure is unusually well characterized, rendering it an ideal platform for developing a deep understanding of the mechanism behind the emergence of the superconducting state from a Fermi liquid. Toward that end, an unambiguous determination of the pairing symmetry is an essential step. For more than 2 decades, the preponderance of evidence pointed to a triplet spin pairing state and only recently has this interpretation been challenged. By field-dependent NMR Knight shift measurements, we eliminate from further consideration all candidate purely odd-parity triplet pairing states. Unambiguous identification of the superconducting order parameter symmetry in Sr2RuO4 has remained elusive for more than a quarter century. While a chiral p-wave ground state analogue to superfluid 3He-A was ruled out only very recently, other proposed triplet-pairing scenarios are still viable. Establishing the condensate magnetic susceptibility reveals a sharp distinction between even-parity (singlet) and odd-parity (triplet) pairing since the superconducting condensate is magnetically polarizable only in the latter case. Here field-dependent 17O Knight shift measurements, being sensitive to the spin polarization, are compared to previously reported specific heat measurements for the purpose of distinguishing the condensate contribution from that due to quasiparticles. We conclude that the shift results can be accounted for entirely by the expected field-induced quasiparticle response. An upper bound for the condensate magnetic response of <10% of the normal state susceptibility is sufficient to exclude all purely odd-parity candidates.


We present a new parameterisation that relates sur- face mass balance (SMB: the sum of surface accumulation and surface ablation) to changes in surface elevation of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) for the MAR (Modele Atmo- spherique Regional: Fettweis, 2007) regional climate model. The motivation is to dynamically adjust SMB as the GrIS evolves, allowing us to force ice sheet models with SMB sim- ulated by MAR while incorporating the SMB-elevation feed- back, without the substantial technical challenges of cou- pling ice sheet and climate models. This also allows us to as- sess the effect of elevation feedback uncertainty on the GrIS contribution to sea level, using multiple global climate and ice sheet models, without the need for additional, expensive MAR simulations. We estimate this relationship separately below and above the equilibrium line altitude (ELA, separating negative and positive SMB) and for regions north and south of 77 N, from a set of MAR simulations in which we alter the ice sheet sur- face elevation. These give four "SMB lapse rates", gradients that relate SMB changes to elevation changes. We assess un- certainties within a Bayesian framework, estimating proba- bility distributions for each gradient from which we present best estimates and credibility intervals (CI) that bound 95 % of the probability. Below the ELA our gradient estimates are mostly positive, because SMB usually increases with eleva- tion: 0.56 (95 % CI: 0.22 to 1.33) kg m 3 a 1 for the north, and 1.91 (1.03 to 2.61) kg m 3 a 1 for the south. Above the ELA, the gradients are much smaller in magnitude: 0.09 ( 0.03 to 0.23) kg m 3 a 1 in the north, and 0.07 ( 0.07 to 0.59) kg m 3 a 1 in the south, because SMB can either in-


China is now on the process of urbanization. Upgrading the level of urbanization can drive the economic growth durative. Urbanization is essentially a process of peoples centralize and the industry's convergence. The district's fiscal distribute is very important to drive the process of urbanization. The functioning of district public finance can be a deep influence on the process of urbanization.


The transmission characteristics of a FitzHugh-Nagumo (FHN) model neuron influenced by Gaussian white noise is studied in this work. With a sinusoidal stimulus as input, based on the time-domain analysis to the output , it is found that there are SR phenomenon, and the signal transmission is mainly depends on the noise intensity, the frequency and the amplitude of the external excitation signals. The analysis show that when the input frequency lies in 0.2Hz~0.5Hz and the amplitude A is around 0.4, suitable noise intensity is conducive to the optimal neuronal signal transmission.


BACKGROUND
Microaspiration of vomitus can cause a serious condition known as Mendelson's syndrome. The present study used simulated stomach contents and an airway model to compare a tracheal tube with a tapered cuff (Taper) to the conventional high volume low pressure cuff (HVLP) in their abilities to prevent microaspiration.

METHODS
The automated cuff pressure was adjusted to 10, 20, and 30 cmH2O. We poured 5 ml of simulated stomach contents above the cuff in the vertically situated airway model and measured the leakage volume after 5 minutes as well as 4 hours.

RESULTS
After 5 minutes, leakage volume was significantly lower for the Taper than for the HVLP at 10 cmH2O, but not for 20 and 30 cmH2O. After 4 hours, stomach content leakage was significantly less with the Taper than with the HVLP, regardless of cuff pressure (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that the Taper may be more effective than the conventional HVLP in preventing vomitus microaspiration in an airway model simulation.


Factors that buffer against depression and suicide in veterans have been identified, but most research has been conducted cross-sectionally with non-clinical samples. The aim of the current study was to examine life meaning as a protective factor against the progression of depression, hopelessness, and suicidal ideation measured at a 4-month follow-up in a sample of chronically depressed veterans. Sixty depressed veterans completed a Structured Clinical Interview (SCID v2.0) and measures of life meaning (Life Regard Index-framework subscale), depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-2), hopelessness (Beck Hopelessness Scale), and suicidal ideation (Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation) at baseline and follow-up, 4 months later. Multiple regression and logistic regression analyses were performed. Analyses showed that life meaning was associated with reduced hopelessness 4-months later. Life meaning was also associated with recovery from a depressive episode, as measured by the SCID interview, 4-months la...


DEIS - University of Bologna, email@example.com. Peer Data Management Systems (PDMSs) have been re-cently proposed as an evolution of Peer-To-Peer (P2P) systems toward amore semantics-based description of peers' contents and relationships. Ina PDMS scenario a key challenge is query routing, i.e. the capability ofselecting small subsets of semantically relevant peers to forward a queryto. In this paper we demonstrate SUNRISE (System for Unified NetworkRouting, Indexing and Semantic Exploration), a complete infrastructurewhich supports an effective and efficient exploration of a PDMS networkfor query answering purposes. SUNRISE offers several routing policiesdesigned around different performance priorities in order to minimize theinformation spanning over the network.


The objective of the study was to formulate a modified proniosomal gel (HMPG) of hydroxyzine hydrochloride. HMPG formulations were prepared by coacervation phase separation technique with different combination of non-ionic surfactants (Tweens and Spans) with phospholipids such as phospholipon 80H and 90H. Taguchi design of experiments was used to optimize the various formulation variables. The optimized HMPG formulations were evaluated for entrapment efficiency, vesicle size, SEM, FTIR, in vitro diffusion study, exvivo permeation, skin deposition, skin irritation and stability studies. Tween 60: Span 40 with Phospholipon 90 H formulation (H90-5) showed the highest entrapment efficiency of 94.8%. In vitro drug release was found to be as low as 1.33%, exvivo drug permeation into the skin showed only 1.18 % and drug deposition in the SC was found to be 88.24% at the end of 24 hr. The H90-5 formulation was found to be stable for three months at refrigeration temperature. The results revealed that modified proniosomal formulations of hydroxyzine hydrochloride were suitable for topical drug delivery system for the treatment of localized urticaria.


The purpose of this study was to look at the potential role of the U.S. Department of Labor's Occupational Information Network (O*NET) in identifying universally accepted behaviors of organizational leaders. This is a quantitative study that compared survey responses of two groups of subject matter experts (SME). Experts in both leadership and the O*NET were asked to compare representative dimension of leadership to a series of predefined generalized work activities. Further, both groups of SME's were asked to identify the importance of generalized work activities to an organizational leader. Findings identified that twenty-one of the 42 generalized work activities were identified to be associated with one of the four O*NET dimensions leadership. Eight out of 42 were identified to not fit any of the four dimensions. Findings indicate that though there is much agreement, the four dimensions of leadership as defined by the O*NET may not be descriptive enough to identify all of the work activities of organizational leaders. This paper dually contributes to literature and research on leadership and the Occupational Information Network by identifying some of the universal behaviors of organizational leaders. After 60 years of theory building as to what constitutes leadership there is still no clear cut answer. Organizations have realized that there is a need for leadership skills within their managers (Antonakas et al., 2004; Northouse, 2004). To make managers more effective in their jobs, organizations need to train individuals in the leadership. However, to-date there is no codified list of work activities that makeup the dimensions of leadership. In the last decade the United Sates Department of Labor has released the Occupational Information Network (O*NET). The O*NET is a comprehensive occupational information system that coalesces the last 60 years of psychological and industrial research in organizational studies. The O*NET consists of a job content model with over 400 variables used to define a job and an active online database of over 1000 jobs profiled using the model. As part of the 400 variables, the O*NET has developed a list of 42 Generalized Work Activities (GWA) that are general statements regarding work behaviors. These GWAs can be used to describe similarities and differences between two differing positions. One of the fundamental problems of trying to describe two different positions is that there is no effective way of doing an across-job comparison without some form of standardization in the work descriptions (Peterson, et al., 1999). In the case of leadership, leaders can be in any position at any level of the organization and trying to compare what one leader does to another is impossible without some way of generalizing the work that they do. Fall and Winter 2013 Volume 11, Number 2 Journal of Organizational Learning and Leadership 20 The O*NET defines Leadership as the following four dimensions: consideration, taskorientation, visionary, and problem solving (Peterson, et al., 1999). The O*NET uses these dimensions to describe characteristic of general occupations. What the O*NET does not currently do is classify characteristics of leadership within specific positions. Without this knowledge, comparing leaders across job positions is difficult. Using the O*NET's 42 Generalized Work Activities an across-job comparison of leaders could be accomplished. However, the problem is that until it has been determined what GWAs best represent leadership and how important each GWA is to being a successful leader, an across-job comparison regarding leadership would be impossible. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the O*NET's potential role in defining these universalistic leadership behaviors. The potential significance of studying universal leadership behaviors could be numerous. From an organizational standpoint the advantages of a codified list of leadership work activities are plentiful. A list of leadership work activities could be used to develop and/or improve training programs, hiring procedures, and merit-based pay and promotion systems. Organizations could both hire and promote individuals with strong sets of leadership competencies. Allowing them to potentially cut costs and improve organizational productivity and efficiency. From a research perspective, this study could provide the building block for new leadership theory or improvements on current leadership theory. The results of this study could help to unify researchers as to their definition of what constitutes leadership. Finally, although the O*NET was developed from 60 years worth of research in organizational studies, it is still a fledgling database which needs to be rigorously tested. One of the fundamental assumptions of the O*NET is that it is capable of cross referencing different information from one O*NET database to another. The results of this study could provide evidence to support the O*NET's ability to cross reference the GWAs and dimensions of leadership. Theoretical Framework The theoretical framework used for this study is one which is bounded in a post-positivistic epistemology. In fact, the entire notion of a universal construct is grounded under the assumption that there is but one true reality and that we as researcher can estimate or approximate that one reality. This study will use the O*NET as it's dominate frame of reference when attempting to describe these potentially universalistic leadership behaviors. By using the O*NET defined GWA and leadership frameworks, the results of this study can potentially add to both the developing body of knowledge regarding the O*NET and the already well established leadership literature. Thus, given that this study's theoretical framework relies on O*NET defined information, it is integral that a detailed discussion regarding the history and background of the O*NET be presented. Additionally, as this study relies near entirely on the GWA and leadership constructions of the O*NET, limited outside work on these topics will be presented. By limiting the outside knowledge regarding GWA and leadership constructions a more thorough examination of the O*NETs ability to describe these across-job comparisons can be accomplished. History of the Occupational Information Network Fall and Winter 2013 Volume 11, Number 2 Journal of Organizational Learning and Leadership 21 Until approximately 1997 the Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT) was used as the U.S. government's primary occupational analysis tool. It was developed in the 1930s and 1940s to help combat the great depression (Peterson et al., 2001). The DOT listed 12,000+ different occupations; for every new job there needed to be a new classification and every new classification meant researchers would needed to perform a job analysis on that position. In addition, the DOT was developing when the labor force was predominantly product oriented. "The DOT descriptions assume a Tayloristic worldview that is becoming increasingly obsolete" (Peterson, et al., 1999, p.11). After 60 years of use, in the late 1980's the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) realized that there were too many problems with the DOT. The labor market was changing; the world of work was becoming a global marketplace with high technology and increased demands on worker skills. The Dictionary of Occupational Titles was not able to keep up with these growing trends in America. In order to stay globally competitive, Americans were going to need a labor market information system that could change and develop with the times. By 1997, DOL researchers had developed a prototype that seemed to be able to do what the DOT could not. It was named the Occupational Information Network (O*NET). The O*NET was developed to be a comprehensive system that public and private organizations could use to: conduct job analyses, identify salary/benefits, identify training needs, identify educational development opportunities, improve staffing, etc. What was developed in the O*NET was a workforce language, a language that could be used to communicate between individuals and organizations (Mariani, 1999). The O*NET identifies and cross references the basic knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSA) of workers and jobs. The O*NET also identifies Generalized Work Activities (GWA) that are transferable from job-to-job. Due to its unique language the O*NET is able to use these GWAs to cross reference nearly all jobs and all workers. Content Domains and Generalized Work Activities Within the occupational requirements domain, the O*NET discusses the idea of a Generalized Work Activity. In 1979 Ernest McCormick suggested that jobs can be described using two different classifications: job-oriented and worker-oriented. When using a job-oriented approach, job analysis identifies the specific tasks that an individual performs in their position. This kind of description is useful for preparing job descriptions, developing selection procedures, and designing training. However, if an across-job comparison is trying to be conducted a job-oriented description fails, in that it does not provide a standardized method of classification. The workeroriented approach excels at across-job comparisons because it allows jobs to be classified by using predefined generalized statements of work activities instead of very specific task statements. Task descriptors used in the job-oriented approach focus on the work that is actually done within a given position. The worker-oriented approach uses work behaviors that are not specific to any position, but rather focus on the "human attributes that underlie the accomplishment of the tasks" (Peterson, et al., 1999, p. 105). The O*NET has culminated much of the research that McCormick and others have produced on Generalized Work Activities. O*NET developers have broken GWAs into two levels; higherFall and Winter 2013 Volume 11, Number 2 Journal of Organizational Lea


This paper examines the Internet for its worth from the viewpoint of a practicing systems engineer. Are there resources strewn across the Internet for systems engineers to discover? Have the paths to systems engineering gems on the Internet been explored? If systems engineers are not using the Internet, what are they missing? Because the very nature of the Internet makes it an "unsecure" medium of communications, does that mean that information received over the Internet is possibly not authentic?

The systems engineer has special needs (not unique needs) and expectations of the Internet. This paper presents a list of the systems engineer's requirements for Internet usage and examines how the Internet satisfies most of the requirements.

The examples and Internet sites presented in this paper are not inclusive. The reader is encouraged to explore the Internet, develop strategies to find information and share the findings.


Since the early 1980s, parties to the Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP) have reported their emissions for sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, ammonia, non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC), methane, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide (reported as under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change). From 1995 onwards, they should also report their emissions on heavy metals (priority metals: cadmium, mercury, lead) and selected persistent organic pollutants, including relevant data on production and use, for previous years if possible. Here we present data on SO:, NOx (NO + NO:), N% and NMVOC. The latest officially reported emission data refer to 1996. These data were received by MSC-W in late 1997 and during the first two months of 1998. The technical aspects of the EMEP emission database system are described below.


The basis for the selection of the children examined has been described in Part 1 ( 1 ) . Five chemists, two in the field and three in the research lab oratory at Oregon State College, devoted full-time to the ana lytical work in this study. Each chemist assumed full respon sibility for one or more of the biochemical tests on the blood, e.g., one chemist made all of the serum ascorbic acid analyses and another analyzed all of the serum samples for carotene and vitamin A. Samples of blood from 766 non-fasting subjects were ob tained by finger-puncture with a Bard-Parker blade. In order


Using gear spherical alumina as the carrier,the novel catalyst EK-CL for anthraquinone hydrogenation by hydrogen peroxide oxidation was prepared by silicon modification of the carrier and active component Pd loading on the carrier. Compared with the commercial catalysts,EK-CL catalyst possessed lower Pd loading and bulk density,thinner layer of the active component,and higher proportion of big pores. The performance of the catalyst for anthraquinone hydrogenation was investigated in laboratory and pilot test evaluation devices. The results showed that the catalyst exhibited better activity and lower pressure drop,and had good prospects of commercial application.


In the present paper, we study the class of analytic functions involving generalized integral operator, which is defined by means of a general Hurwitz Lerch Zeta function denoted by ,()sbfzαℑwith negative coefficients. The aim of the paper is to obtain the coefficient estimates and also partial sums of its sequence ,()


An electronic system for analysis of the drivability / maintenance of a motor vehicle from current or previous owners. The electronic system receives information from the electronic sensors which are dispersedly arranged in a vehicle, and calculates the information obtained, wherein a grade of drivability / service quality of the car is revealed by its current / previous owners as the final result. The grade - an optical signal - is displayed on a dial and its purpose is to determine how much stress and wear has experienced the analyzed vehicle as long as it was in the hands of his current / previous owner. This information, in turn, serve the interest of potential buyers of the vehicle that can determine the real value of an automobile based on the current suffered by the vehicle wear assisted by the optical signal.


AbstractThe pretreatment of petroleum refinery wastewater (PRW) was experimentally investigated using the Fe0/granular activated carbon (GAC) micro-electrolysis system in the absence or presence of microwave. Effects of reaction time, pH value, Fe0 and GAC dosage, Fe0/GAC volumetric ratio, and microwave power on the treatment efficiency of wastewater were studied. A significant synergetic effect was observed between microwave irradiation and Fe0/GAC. The optimum conditions were determined to be: microwave power 500 W, reaction time 15 min, iron filings dosage 30 g/L, GAC dosage 5.75 g/L, and initial pH 3. Under the optimum conditions, chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies were 38.3 and 62.2% in the absence and presence of microwave irradiation, respectively. The biodegradability of the wastewater was greatly improved by the microwave enhanced micro-electrolysis treatment. The results of the present study demonstrated that the pretreatment process was favorable for the subsequent biological pro...


Based on the optic and dielectric data acquired under different mechanical and electric conditions and temperature, we show that an orthorhombic phase exists near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) (on both the rhombohedral and tetragonal sides of MPB). Because of the proximity of the free energy of this phase to the two other morphotropic phases, i.e., the rhombohedral and tetragonal phases, the experimentally observed phases and phase diagrams near MPB depend crucially on the mechanical and electric conditions as well as the sample history.


Brazilian Spotted Fever is a disease caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, and is transmitted to humans and animals by Amblyomma spp. The objective of this work was to study the epidemiology of spotted fever group rickettsiae in rural areas of Northern Parana. In Alvorada do Sul municipality, 88 humans, 83 dogs, and 18 horses were sampled, and in Arapongas municipality, 138 humans, 90 dogs and 18 horses were studied. All the sera were tested by IFA in which R. rickettsii and R. parkeri were used as antigens, considering titers ? 64 positive. Ticks collected from dogs and horses were tested by PCR. In Alvorada do Sul, 24% and 16.1% of humans, 55.6% and 22.2% of horses and, 22.9% and 18.1% of dogs were seropositive for R rickettsii and R. parkeri, respectively. In Arapongas, 9.4% and 4.3% of the humans, 5.6% and 5.6% of horses and, 13.3% and 12.2% of the dogs were seropositive for R. rickettsii and R. parkeri, respectively. PCR detected seven ticks with gltA sequences that showed similarity with R. bellii. The presence of antibodies to R. parkeri and R. rickettsii in dogs, horses and humans demonstrates a potential risk for spotted fever group rickettsiae in these areas.


FreshSardine fish was preserved with various methods such as; cooling, freezing, salting and canning for estimating of biogenetic amines concentrationlike; histamine, cadaverine and putrescine during differentstorage conditions and its relation with bacterial load exist in samples. Also, determination of pH values and other chemical analysis Total Volatile Base-Nitrogen (TVN), Thiobarbituric Acid (TBA) and Trimethylamine (TMA).Mean values of Biogenetic amines content in cooled sardine fish at zero time, after 4, 7, 10 and 14 days were 1, 2, 53, 79, 130 for histamine; 9, 37, 66, 92, 114 for cadaverine and 8, 13, 24,46,83 for putrescine respectively; frozen sardine fish at zero time, after 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks were 1,1, 13, 19, 26 for histamine; 9, 14, 29, 56, 85for cadaverine and 8, 9, 12, 11, 14 for putrescine respectively; salted sardine fish at zero time, after 1,2,3 and 4 months were 1, 57, 110, 260, 760 for histamine; 9, 32, 72,143, 360 for cadaverine and 8, 48, 91, 180, 420 for putrescine respectively and canned sardine fish at zero time, after 1,2,3 and 4 months were 1, 5.8, 10, 12, 24 for histamine; 9, 3.2, 5.7, 7.8,13 for cadaverine and 8,3.7, 4.3, 6.1, 8.0 for putrescine respectively. The bacterial load was 5 x 10 in fresh Sardine fish samples and reached to 9.9 x 105; 2 x 102; 2.2 x 107 and 5.5 x 10 in cooling, freezing, salting and canning Sardine fish products, respectively. pH values and other chemical analysis like; T.V.N, T.B.A and T.M.A were 6.58, 11.2, 0.70 and 3.84 in fresh Sardine fish at zero time; 7.73, 42.0, 1.24 and 29.0 in cooled; 6.8, 19.9, 0.53 and 4.78 in frozen; 4.58, 47.2, 1.30 and 32.5 in salted and 6.82, 20.5, 0.74 and 4.11in canned Sardine fish products.


Seeds constitute a rich source of proteins that can inhibit specific enzyme groups. Thus far, the best characterised are inhibitors of enzymes which play an integral part in the germination process. These include the proteinase inhibitors, and as such they may play a role in the prevention of precocious germination. However, these proteins are members of multi-gene families which also encode iso-inhibitors that can retard the activity of proteinases specifically from mammalian, insect or bacterial (but not plant) origin. A proposed role for this latter group of isoinhibitors is as seed defensive factors, and it is this group of proteins that is attracting interest from the biotechnology industry. A large number of proteinase inhibitors have now been identified and evidence for their proposed roles in seeds will be summarised. In addition, their potential as a source of genes that can be transformed into crop plants to enhance field resistance against insects pests will be evaluated. Additional key words: insect pest resistance, plant biotechnology, transgenic plants. Dermitions: Proteinases and Proteinase Inhibitors In modem nomenclature, proteinases are a subgroup of the peptidases (= proteases), which consists of the endopeptidases (the proteinases; EC 3.4.21-99) and the exopeptidases (EC 3.4.11-19). According to the mechanism of catalysis, proteinases can be grouped further into 'serine~, 'cysteine' (thiol), 'aspartic' (acid) and 'metallo' -proteinases which have been assigned the IUB designations of EC 3.4.21-24, respectively. The serine proteinases are the largest, most widespread and diverse group of these enzymes, and are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. They consist of two superfamilies (the chymotrypsin superfamily and the subtilisin superfamily) and all enzymes in this group are characterised by the presence of two amino acids at the active site that are invariably serine and histidine. The cysteine proteinases are also widespread, and contain cysteine and histidine as the conserved amino acids at the catalytic site. The aspartic proteinases have thus far only been identified in eukaryotes. These enzymes are characterised by a ph optima usually in the range pH 3.55.5, and aspartic acid as the catalytically active amino acid. Metalloproteinases are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and are characterised by zinc (in most cases) being the catalytically active metal (Barrett, 1986; and references therein). Proteinase inhibitors are themselves proteins, and by definition, can repress the catalytic activity of proteinases (Laskowski and Kato, 1980). In accord with the proteinases, it is appropriate to group proteinase inhibitors into four major classes: serine, cysteine, aspartic and metalloproteinase inhibitors. Within each class, these inhibitors can be grouped further, usually into distinct families, with assignation to a particular family dependent upon amino acid sequence homology. For instance, at least 16 gene families of protein inhibitors of serine proteinases have been identified thus far (Garcia-Olmedo et al., 1987; Bode and Huber, 1992). In common with proteinases, the inhibitors of these enzymes also have specific amino acids at discrete sites (designated the reactive sites), where hydrolysis by the proteinase occurs. These amino acids occur as a pair, and it is these residues that determine the specificity of the enzyme:inhibitor interaction. However, and unlike natural peptide substrates, the consequence of cleavage at this site by the proteinase is comparatively trivial since Seed Symposium 1991. 107 Proteinase inhibitors from seeds for plant protection? the inhibitor binds essentially irreversibly into the active site of the enzyme (Laskowski et al., 1983; Ryan, 1989; Hubbard et al., 1991). Three facets commonly distinguish the enzyme I inhibitor association and together these account for an essentially stable and (in kinetic terms) an irreversible


This issue of AIDS contains two important papers on the HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome, which illustrate several points in question: the degree of concern over this syndrome [1]; the major research effort made since the ®rst clinical descriptions [2,3] just 3 years ago (best exempli®ed by the two annual meetings entirely devoted to the subject) [4,5]; the dif®culties encountered when studying a yet unde®ned syndrome; the interrelation of subjectivity and objectivity in clinical descriptions; and ®nally, the generation of data within a relatively short period of time on a chronic syndrome.


To be competitive in the global market and provide flexibility in today's high-mix-low-volume environment, various industrial sectors have moved complex systems away from the old style fixed hardware with sequential schedules on dedicated tools. The agility provided by the capacity of a complex system to be quickly reconfigured to provide new products and services relies mainly on how efficiently and rapidly engineers can schedule, reschedule and re-plan tasks and processes in the system. Design and analysis of high and intermediary (planning and scheduling) levels of supervision are in the focus of this issue. A computer-based supervisory controller, as the major component of these two levels, monitors the statusof jobs and services, schedules matter, energy and information routing and plans equipment operation selection. Rapid prototyping, high level of quality of service, and fast growth of networked control systems require new approaches to the design of planning and scheduling algorithms employed in complex system supervisory controllers.


Switching is the key functionality for many devices like electronic Router and Switch, optical Router, Network on Chips (NoCs) and so on. Basically, switching is responsible for moving data unit from one port/location to another (or multiple) port(s)/location(s). In past years, the high capacity, low delay were the main concerns when designing high-end switching unit. As new demands, requests and technologies emerge, flexibility and low power cost switching design become to weight the same as throughput and delay. On one hand, highly flexible (i.e, programming ability) switching can cope with variable needs stem from new applications (i.e, VoIP) and popular user behavior (i.e, p2p downloading); on the other hand, reduce the energy and power dissipation for switching could not only save bills and build echo system but also expand components life time. Many research efforts have been devoted to increase switching flexibility and reduce its power cost. In this thesis work, we consider to exploit virtualization as the main technique to build flexible software router in the first part, then in the second part we draw our attention on energy saving in NoC (i.e, a switching fabric designed to handle the on chip data transmission) and software router. In the first part of the thesis, we consider the virtualization inside Software Routers (SRs). SR, i.e, routers running in commodity Personal Computers (PCs), become an appealing solution compared to traditional Proprietary Routing Devices (PRD) for various reasons such as cost (the multi-vendor hardware used by SRs can be cheap, while the equipment needed by PRDs is more expensive and their training cost is higher), openness (SRs can make use of a large number of open source networking applications, while PRDs are more closed) and flexibility. The forwarding performance provided by SRs has been an obstacle to their deployment in real networks. For this reason, we proposed to aggregate multiple routing units that form an powerful SR known as the Multistage Software Router (MSR) to overcome the performance limitation for a single SR. Our results show that the throughput can increase almost linearly as the number of the internal routing devices. But some other features related to flexibility (such as power saving, programmability, router migration or easy management) have been investigated less than performance previously. We noticed that virtualization techniques become reality thanks to the quick development of the PC architectures, which are now able to easily support several logical PCs running in parallel on the same hardware. Virtualization could provide many flexible features like hardware and software decoupling, encapsulation of virtual machine state, failure recovery and security, to name a few. Virtualization permits to build multiple SRs inside one physical host and a multistage architecture exploiting only logical devices. By doing so, physical resources can be used in a more efficient way, energy savings features (switching on and off device when needed) can be introduced and logical resources could be rented on-demand instead of being owned. Since virtualization techniques are still difficult to deploy, several challenges need to be faced when trying to integrate them into routers. The main aim of the first part in this thesis is to find out the feasibility of the virtualization approach, to build and test virtualized SR (VSR), to implement the MSR exploiting logical, i.e. virtualized, resources, to analyze virtualized routing performance and to propose improvement techniques to VSR and virtual MSR (VMSR). More specifically, we considered different virtualization solutions like VMware, XEN, KVM to build VSR and VMSR, being VMware a closed source solution but with higher performance and XEN/KVM open source solutions. Firstly we built and tested each single component of our multistage architecture (i.e, back-end router, load balancer )inside the virtual infrastructure, then and we extended the performance experiments with more complex scenarios like multiple Back-end Router (BR) or Load Balancer (LB) which cooperate to route packets. Our results show that virtualization could introduce 40~\% performance penalty compare with the hardware only solution. Keep the performance limitation in mind, we developed the whole VMSR and we obtained low throughput with 64B packet flow as expected. To increase the VMSR throughput, two directions could be considered, the first one is to improve the single component ( i.e, VSR) performance and the other is to work from the topology (i.e, best allocation of the VMs into the hardware ) point of view. For the first method, we considered to tune the VSR inside the KVM and we studied closely such as Linux driver, scheduler, interconnect methodology which could impact the performance significantly with proper configuration; then we proposed two ways for the VMs allocation into physical servers to enhance the VMSR performance. Our results show that with good tuning and allocation of VMs, we could minimize the virtualization penalty and get reasonable throughput for running SRs inside virtual infrastructure and add flexibility functionalities into SRs easily. In the second part of the thesis, we consider the energy efficient switching design problem and we focus on two main architecture, the NoC and MSR. As many research works suggest, the energy cost in the Communication Technologies ( ICT ) is constantly increasing. Among the main ICT sectors, a large portion of the energy consumption is contributed by the telecommunication infrastructure and their devices, i.e, router, switch, cell phone, ip TV settle box, storage home gateway etc. More in detail, the linecards, links, System on Chip (SoC) including the transmitter/receiver on these variate devices are the main power consuming units. We firstly present the work on the power reduction of the data transmission in SoC, which is carried out by the NoC. NoC is an approach to design the communication subsystem between different Processing Units (PEs) in a SoC. PEs could be different elements such as CPU, memory, digital signal/analog signal processor etc. Different PEs performs specific tasks depending on the applications running on the chip. Different tasks need to exchange data information among each other, thus flits ( chopped packet with limited header information ) are generated by PEs. The flits are injected into the NoC by the proper interface and routed until reach the destination PEs. For the whole procedure, the NoC behaves as a packet switch network. Studies show that in general the information processing in the PEs only consume 60~\% energy while the remaining 40~\% are consumed by the NoC. More importantly, as the current network designing principle, the NoC capacity is devised to handle the peak load. This is a clear sign for energy saving when the network load is low. In our work, we considered to exploit Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) technique, which can jointly decrease or increase the system voltage and frequency when necessary, i.e, decrease the voltage and frequency at low load scenario to save energy and reduce power dissipation. More precisely, we studied two different NoC architectures for energy saving, namely single plane chip and multi-plane chip architecture. In both cases we have a very strict constraint to be that all the links and transmitter/receivers on the same plane work at the same frequency/voltage to avoid synchronization problem. This is the main difference with many existing works in the literature which usually assume different links can work at different frequency, that is hard to be implemented in reality. For the single plane NoC, we exploited different routing schemas combined with DVFS to reduce the power for the whole chip. Our results haven been compared with the optimal value obtained by modeling the power saving formally as a quadratic programming problem. Results suggest that just by using simple load balancing routing algorithm, we can save considerable energy for the single chip NoC architecture. Furthermore, we noticed that in the single plane NoC architecture, the bottleneck link could limit the DVFS effectiveness. Then we discovered that multiplane NoC architecture is fairly easy to be implemented and it could help with the energy saving. Thus we focus on the multiplane architecture and we found out that DVFS could be more efficient when we concentrate more traffic into one plane and send the remaining flows to other planes. We compared load concentration and load balancing with different power modeling and all simulation results show that load concentration is better compared with load balancing for multiplan NoC architecture. Finally, we also present one of the the energy efficient MSR design technique, which permits the MSR to follow the day-night traffic pattern more efficiently with our on-line energy saving algorithms


A table of 81 distinctive solar radio outbursts occurring between January 1966 and July 1976 is presented. All of the bursts have the peak flux density U-shaped spectral signature found to be a reliable predictor of proton activity. These are the only events with this signature which occurred during the period. It has been confirmed that proton emission was indeed associated with 79 of the bursts; proton emission is probable for the remaining two events.


Bemisia tabaci (Genn., 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of most important pests of many crops worldwide. Furthermore, it has the ability to rapidly develop resistance to diverse group of insecticides, hence controlling this pest is problematic. The aim of the current study was to investigate neonicotinoid resistance status of different whitefly populations collected from Antalya, Turkey during summer 2011. Bemisia tabaci populations from five different locations in Antalya were all biotype B. Resistance to acetamiprid was between 4.4 and 30.4 times the LC 50 of a susceptible population. Similarly, resistance to thiamethoxam was between 8.6 and 31.8 times compared to susceptible population. With the exception of one population, there was high correlation (r 2 = 0.92) between LC 50 for acetamiprid and thiamethoxam. The LC 50 confidence limits for all field populations overlapped for both neonicotinoids. Furthermore, LC 90 values of all field populations for both neonicotinoids were higher than the recommended doses. These findings indicate development of uniform neonicotinoid resistant for whitefly in the region. The resistance homogeneity and cross resistance in the region sampled is discussed.


Clustering is the classification of knowledge into the aspects of data that are identical. The catgory is referred to as a unit, which has made different objects that seem to be identical to one another but not to entities from other classes. The purpose of this work is to examine various data clustering algorithms. To separate the set of data into multiple parts, clustering algorithms typically use spacing metric or a distance metric. Two areas have made the extensive use of well-known clustering algorithms. The programmed and data collection are used in that field to define the scheduling technique that has been used. Because information is often a true number, where quantitative datasets are simple to incorporate and it could be used to demonstrate ratio performance. The expectation maximization (EM) k - cluster algorithm, K-means algorithm, Hierarchical Proposed method, Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs) algorithm as well as the K-means technique is the techniques in investigation. All these different classification algorithms depend on the value of the data, the number of variables and the kind of dataset. Any of the conclusions drawn are related to efficiency and quality and information specific emphasized on real time current info based.


The usual way of locating logical errors is to use a break-and-inspect-style debugging tool. The programmer uses the debugger to search for a small part of the program's execution that does not proceed as expected. Existing debuggers enable the programmer to make this search, but do not assist in the search. Techniques are presented for assisting the programmer in the error diagnosis process. A debugging tool incorporating these techniques assists the programmer in directing the course of the diagnosis, in determining which variables need to be examined at any breakpoint, in deciding whether the variables examined have the correct values, and in detecting the use of pointers to storage locations which have been previously released.<<ETX>>


BACKGROUND
Extracapsular extension of axillary lymph node (ECE) has significantly increased the risk of locoregional and distant recurrence in breast cancer patients.

OBJECTIVE
Identify markers with high biological aggressiveness since it may serve as a prognostic indicator or adjunct to standard treatment.

MATERIAL AND METHOD
The authors immunostained 115 axillary lymph nodes of invasive ductal carcinoma with syndecan-1 and E-cadherin.

RESULTS
The presented data shows a significantly higher number of positive lymph node (8.48 vs. 4.15; p < 0.0001) and larger primary tumor size (3.53 vs. 2.79; p = 0.0029) in ECE patients. Sixty-one cases had node positive and without evidence of ECE, 54 cases had ECE. Syndecan-1 was found to be of significantly high expression (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference in the expression of E-cadherin during progression into extracapsular area (p = 0.12).

CONCLUSION
E-cadherin displays high expression in nodal breast cancer metastases that may have re-expression and has coordinate function with syndecan-1 while invading to the surrounding fatty tissue. The protein is, therefore, likely to play a role in the invasiveness and aggressiveness.


We introduce Strong Measuring, a maximal strengthening of J. T. Moore's Measuring principle, which asserts that every collection of fewer than continuum many closed bounded subsets of $\omega_1$ is measured by some club subset of $\omega_1$. The consistency of Strong Measuring with the negation of CH is shown, solving an open problem from about parametrized measuring principles. Specifically, we prove that Strong Measuring follows from MRP together with Martin's Axiom for $\sigma$-centered forcings, as well as from BPFA. We also consider strong versions of Measuring in the absence of the Axiom of Choice.


We have studied the quasielastic reaction ..nu../sub ..mu../n..--> mu../sup -/p in an exposure of the Fermilab deuterium-filled 15-foot bubble chamber to a high-energy wide-band neutrino beam. From an analysis of the Q/sup 2/ distribution based on the standard V-A theory, the axial-vector mass in a dipole parametrization of the axial-vector form factor is determined to be M/sub A/ = 1.05/sub -0.16//sup +0.12/ GeV, consistent with the values previously reported from low-energy experiments.


Stroke is second among killers in persons above 40 years, which is significant challenge amid increasing longevity. Besides, the morbidity resulting from stroke imposes very heavy health care costs and ruin of quality of life in survivors. Risk factors of stroke are largely the same as for cardiovascular disease, needing similar prevention through appropriate measures. Most strokes are thrombo-embolic in origin but their pathogenic ground is laid gradually. Population segments need be examined to build local evidence base of risk factors for stroke. Interventions can thus be rationally planned. The gravity of oxidative stress and inflammatory mechanisms marked by the risk factor profile needs understanding and dictates prognosis and hence management. Present investigation relates to stroke patients hospitalized at paid tertiary care centre in Nagpur central India toward generating local evidence.


Gender dynamics are central to migration and the degree of access of migrant populations to social, economic, political and cultural rights and to robust citizenship status. Informed by neoliberal and national populist logics, states selectively recruit and severely restrict access of migrants to settlement and citizenship. While high-skilled immigrant women have made some gains, implementation of gender equity more often results in harmonization downward with losses to citizens and men rather than gains to poorer female and other vulnerable migrants. The COVID-19 global pandemic has starkly exposed the neoliberal and illiberal dimensions of temporary migration policies. Here too the gendered experiences of racialized migrants and immigrants and their treatment by states, corporations and more privileged citizens are an important part of the story of diminished citizenship rights and growing exclusions encountered by migrants. Migrants are turning to transnational social protection strategies to address their deprivation of basic human and citizenship rights. © Marco Giugni and Maria Grasso 2021.


CRING the last two years, numerous theories have been advanced in the attempt to explain the mechanismof energy production in various types of stars. These theories, based as they are on our vastly increased knowledge of nuclear phenomena, have been developed not only qualitatively but to a considerable extent quantitatively. In this manner it seems to have been well established that thermo-nuclear processes are eminently capable of explaining the energy generation, stability and empirical regularities of " normal " main-sequence stars and possibly even the giants, but cannot account for the :' abnormal " behaviour of such stars as novae, supernovae, and white dwarfs. The energy production in white dwarfs is most probably due to gravitational contraction, while the suggestions made thus far to explain novae and supernovae are purely speculative. In addition, these investigations have had some interesting consequences on our belief as to the origins of stars and their future courses of evolution. In the following pages we shall attempt to summarize briefly the general picture which we now possess concerning these matters.


A method of modeling anatomic deformation comprises receiving a reference three dimensional model of a branched anatomical formation in a reference state. The method further comprises applying a three dimensional deformation field to the reference three dimensional model to create a deformed three dimensional model of a deformed state of the branched anatomical formation and dynamically displaying an image of the deformed three dimensional model of the deformed state of the branched anatomical formation.


In this paper, an enhanced cumulant method (E-CM) is proposed for use in systems with embedded wind generation. The conventional cumulant method though fast performs poorly for systems with wind generation which have active points away from the mean. To minimize this error, the method proposed in this work treats the output wind power distribution as a mixed distribution such that the linearization of the load flow equation is done around the mean of each component part. The improvement achievable using this scheme is demonstrated using an IEEE 24 bus RTS which has been modified to include a wind farm. Results obtained which are compared with those from the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) method affirm to the better performance of the proposed method over the conventional cumulant method. To properly fit the performance of the proposed technique amongst other load flow methods, results have also been compared with those from the 5-Point Estimate Method (5PEM) and the Unscented Transforms (UT) method.


This paper presents a design of CMOS source-degenerated active negative group delay (NGD) circuit by using bonding wire for a compact circuit size. The proposed circuit consists of two-stage cascade MOSFETs where parallel RLC resonator circuits are connected to the source of the MOSFETs. To reduce the size, the parallel RLC resonators are implemented with bonding wires and pads. For experimental verification, two-stage NGD circuits with slightly different center frequencies were designed. The measurement results show that the NGD bandwidth, group delay, and gain are 100 MHz, - 2.5 ns, and 3 dB, respectively. The measured input/output return losses are higher than 8 dB and 14 dB, respectively, at the center frequency of 1.88 GHz.


Over the last two decades, the international space community has been discussing the merits of on-orbit servicing (OOS) of satellites. Because of the high cost and risk associated with the establishment of an onorbit servicing infrastructure, OOS is not yet commonplace. The streamlining of operations is of vital importance to the economic viability of OOS. One of the technologies that will undoubtedly contribute greatly to the reduction of operations costs is on-board autonomy. The Canadian Space Agency is participating to a DLR-led mission called TECSAS whose objective is to demonstrate technologies that are key to the viability of OOS. This paper describes the objectives of the TECSAS mission from a Canadian perspective. Typical operations found in on-orbit servicing missions are described and a comparison of the main missions related to OOS where these technologies were or will be demonstrated is presented.


This paper proposes a new method for estimating norma1 ranges of c1ininca1 1aboratory data from hea1thy subjects , in which possib1y more than one out1iers are inc1uded. The proposed procedure is primari1y based upon the se1ection of mode1s which assumes out1i 巴rs to have some probabi1ity distributions and a1so inc1udes the transformation of norma1 va1ues to Gaussian distribution. Our procedure is i11ustrated with data from 200 ma1e hea1thy subjects.


In recent decades, the lignin has been numerously abandoned in agricultural and paper industries, which is urging us to find the new usage of it. And in theory, lignin is a kind of available material as carbon source because of its low cost, wide distribution and abundant carbon content. Therefore, researchers intend to make it a flesh porous carbon as new energy material. In this paper, ligninderived porous carbon was prepared by self-assembly method and combined with Ni/NiO. Then the nanocomposites' structure and hydrogen evolution reaction were studied. The main research contents and results were as follows: Ni/NiO and lignin-drived porous carbon were combined by in-situ synthesis, and the morphology, composition, structure, and electrochemical performance were characterized. It was found that Ni and NiO were indeed absorbed on porous carbon as crystals. The composite's specific surface area measured by BET was 115.4 m·g, while pore volume is 0.04 cm·g. And hydrogen evolution hyperpotential of the composite electrode is 0.446V at 10 mA.


©The Korean Association of Child Studies This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Corresponding Author: JungHa Lim, Professor, Department of Home Economics Education, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea E-mail: email@example.com Ph. D. Student, Department of Human Ecology, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Korea Professor, Department of Home Economics Education, Korea University, Seoul, Korea Sungmin Park, JungHa Lim


N eurologic injuries are rare but are among the most feared complications of epidural anesthesia (1,2). The potential etiologies of such injury are numerous and include trauma, infection, hematoma, neurotoxic reaction, and ischemia (3). There are rare reports of a neurologic deficit which resolves after removal of the continuous epidural catheter-a clinical phenomenon suggestive of a transient vascular compromise most probably secondary to vasospasm (4). We describe a case of a transient flaccid paralysis after continuous epidural analgesia for vaginal delivery which we believe to have been secondary to reversible vascular compromise.


The reinforcement of polychloroprene rubber by short silk fiber has been studied in the presence of three different dry bonding systems, viz.: (a) "cohedur RK–cohedur A–silica"; (b) "cohedur RK–cohedur A–carbon black"; (c) "resorcinol–hexamethylenetetramine–silica." The degree of fiber–rubber adhesion of the different bonding systems follows the order (a) > (b) > (c). Scanning electron microscopy studies of tensile, tear, abrasion, and flex failed surfaces of both unfilled and fiber–filled composites containing "cohedur–silica" bonding system have also been made in order to gain an insight to the mechanism of failure.


Cardiac data classification is an emerging research area in recent days. Machine learning-based automatic classification model is one of the essential aspects for the diagnosis of cardiac disease. The performance of a model can be improved by combining multiple models to solve a single problem. In this work, the authors have adopted a modified gradient boosting ensemble learning-based classifier for classifying the cardiac data collected from the UCI machine learning repository. The data set contains the samples of 303 patients with 13 attributes related to cardiac symptoms. The classification is done by using two types of gradient boosting ensemble classifier. In the first step, the classification is performed with a fixed learning rate of 0.01 for every tree. Further to improve the performance the learning rate is changed for each tree. From the result, it is observed that the accuracy is increasing with variation in learning rate. 91% accuracy is observed while the learning rate of 0.81 is considered. The performance is compared with the earlier works and is observed that the proposed model is providing a better result.


This essay resituates Georges BatailleÕs Lascaux, ou la naissance de lÕart in the context of archaeological investigations into the origins and the social dynamics of mark-marking. As opposed to other accounts of the book, ÒBataille LookingÓ is concerned specifically with the ways in which BatailleÕs argument and methodology reflect the conventions of the early twentieth-century discipline known as ÒprehistoryÓ while at the same time anticipating the insights of contemporary research on the peculiar conditions responsible for the emergence of ancient visual culture. BatailleÕs attention to the phenomenon of superimpositionÑthe layering of one image on top of anotherÑleads him to hypothesize what contemporary researchers are increasingly confirming, namely, that mark-making derives from the rhythmic repetition of gestural routines.


Grocery store food prices generally rise each year. However, in 2016, retail food prices actually fell 1.3 percent and fell again in 2017 (0.2 percent). These back-to-back years of deflation helped lower the 20-year moving average for grocery store price inflation from 3.6 percent in 1999 to 2.0 percent in 2018. ERS researchers identify the multiple factors contributing to recent retail food price deflation.


Introduction: The life detection missions to be carried out by NASA's and ESA's 2020 Mars rovers will require a rigorous process for selecting sampling sites. To aid this crucial process, we have developed a Sampling Site Selection Index (SSSI) that is based upon Stoker's Habitability Index (HI) [1]. The SSSI provides semi-quantitative assessment of the relative habitability of a site and its potential to have preserved possible life. Stoker's HI: Stoker et al. [1] further developed a HI that originated [2] within NASA's advisory group for the Mars Exploration Program, the Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group (MEPAG). Stoker's HI is the product of four probabilities,


A comparative study was conducted on the adsorption/desorption of organic vapors (toluene and para‐xylene) on a synthetic resin (XAD4) and activated carbon using a gravimetric method involving the use of a quartz spring expansion. While the two sorbents can effectively remove the organic vapors, it was observed that activated carbon adsorbs more organic vapor than synthetic resin at low concentrations; but at higher industrial level concentrations, the resin adsorbs more organic vapor. The rate of adsorption is higher than that of desorption for the two organic vapors regardless of the sorbent. However, the resin showed higher reversible adsorption. The effective intraparticle diffusion coefficients (Dc) were observed to be strongly dependent on the solute concentration. As such, rate studies ought to be conducted around the expected concentration range that is expected during application. Pore diffusion dominated the adsorption/desorption of both organic vapors on the XAD4 resin. For the carbon system, p...


According to the need of damaging concrete target,Integrated the trait of EFP and rod-shaped,a new parallel structure of pre-charge level is proposed,a theoretic analysis and a numerical simulation analysis for the rod-jet and EFP formation process of parallel structure of pre-charge with three different ways of initiation are performed.The results that the magnitude of velocity of EFP head with area initiations at end is largest,that with rod initiation takes second place,the smallest is speed of jet head formed at vicinity of end with end point-initiation;the point-initiation and area initiations can not guarantee conformity of direction,ring-initiation can insure the EFP erod the target uprightly in suitable radius.


In this work, a computational chemical study of Etoricoxib was carried out at the B3LYP/6311G(d,p) level of theory, at the gas, aqueous and ethanol phases. Through the chemical reactivity descriptors derived from the DFT, it was possible to find that Etoricoxib structure exhibits a major chemical activity in water and ethanol phases in comparison to the gas phase, which suggests this drug would be more active in biological solvents like in blood, tissues and places where the ciclooxigenasa 2 (COX)-2 is found. In addition, a molecular docking analysis was conducted to study the interaction of Etoricoxib with the COX-2 active site. The results suggest that Etoricoxib interacts with 19 amino acid residues inside the COX-2 active site.


Since the turn of the century the physiological and metabolic regulators of fatigue within skeletal muscle have been extensively researched (Hill, 1925). It is well established that calcium (Ca2+), released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), plays an integral role in skeletal muscle contractile function through the initiation of cross bridge cycling. It has been observed in vitro that SR Ca2+ release reduces during the onset of fatigue, which is believed to explain the subsequent loss of force generation within skeletal muscle. A series of recent ex vivo experiments have shown that the loss of Ca2+ release from the SR is paralleled with a reduced availability of endogenous skeletal muscle glycogen stores (Ortenblad et al. 2013). Following this observation, there have been suggestions that the onset of fatigue within isolated skeletal muscle is controlled by the subcellular localisation of glycogen, which would indicate a relationship to SR Ca2+ release. However to date, no study has used an integrated model to investigate whether the locality of skeletal muscle glycogen influences fatigue and the relationship this has to SR Ca2+ release.

In a recent edition of The Journal of Physiology, Nielsen et al. (2014) performed a novel and elegant integrated series of studies to investigate the role of glycogen depletion on Ca2+ release and power output within an isolated single mouse muscle fibre. The fibres were divided into one of four groups: control, high intensity fatigue (HIF), low intensity fatigue (LIF) and low intensity equivalent (LIE). All groups underwent the same electrical stimulation using 70 Hz until fatigue, categorised as a natural force reduction of 70%. The interval (rest) between each stimulation varied according to their treatment. For HIF, 70 Hz was repeated every 2 s, while for LIF 70 Hz was repeated every 10 s, until fatigue. LIE was stimulated every 10 s for 42 contractions (the mean number of stimulations for the HIF group). This approach is advantageous as it provides a model looking at varying exercise intensities that somewhat mimics maximal and sub-maximal exercise. Throughout the stimulation, Ca2+ release was measured using Indo-1 fluorescence signals via a photomultiplier tube. Following the onset of fatigue, glycogen content was measured using electron microscopy. Subcellular fractions were quantified using transmission electron microscopy and stereological methods. The volume fraction was calculated by taking into account each subceullular section area (estimated by point counting), thickness and diameter.

The authors report that during fatiguing stimulation Ca2+ release significantly fell, with the fall being steeper for HIF compared to LIF which was paralleled with a similar decrement of force production. Overall the functional changes to acute fatigue in the fibres appeared larger for the HIF with a slowing of relaxation, a more preserved Ca2+ release at the point of fatigue and a larger rise in resting [Ca2+]i after fatigue when compared to LIF. On the other hand, the LIE fibres also appeared to lose force during the tetani but were divided into two groups that were either fatigued (LIE-F > 75% force loss) or non-fatigued (LIE-NF < 50% force loss). As expected the LIE-F observed a large reduction in force and calcium release whereas LIE-NF did not. Alongside the functional differences in the muscle fibres, glycogen content fell at fatigue for all fibres in each group with similar reductions observed for intramyofibrillar and intermyofibrillar glycogen pools in HIF and LIF. Subsarcolemmal glycogen content was not lower in any group of fibres when compared to control. Taking the Ca2+ release and glycogen content data together, a strong relationship appeared to exist between decreased tetanic [Ca2+]i and low glycogen with a closer association being observed for intra- (R2 = 0.37, P = 0.0008) compared to inter- (R2 = 0.16, P = 0.051) myofibrillar glycogen depletion. In contrast, no relationship existed between subsarcolemmal glycogen depletion and Ca2+ release. Collectively, these new data propose that subcellular glycogen content, specifically of the intramyofibrillar pool, modulates Ca2+ release from the SR and ultimately fatigue.

This study implemented a well-planned and controlled model to demonstrate that subcellular glycogen depletion influences SR Ca2+ release, at least in vitro. The novel data on compartmental glycogen depletion also provide support for the intriguing hypothesis of metabolic microenvironments possibly dictated by glycogen within cells. The authors should be commended for their work having taken the first logical step in a series of experiments needed to understand the relationship between glycogen depletion and fatigue. The intriguing data presented by Nielsen et al. (2014) do, however, raise a number of new questions.

The in vitro methodology presented by the authors uses a glucose-free solution to minimise metabolic variability; however, this does obscure certain metabolic mechanisms that might be present in vivo from being elucidated. Therefore further research should repeat this model using an experimental medium with physiologically relevant metabolite availability so that the influence of free glucose can also be taken into consideration. Also, it is unlikely that the model fully isolated the role of glycogen depletion on SR Ca2+ release as functional differences between stimulation protocols were apparent. After stimulation, HIF fibres had a greater repletion of calcium, a slowing of relaxation and, at fatigue, a more preserved calcium release suggesting force decreases were partly due to decreased calcium sensitivity. Similarly, it is not yet clear whether glycogen depletion from differing compartments has differing effects on fatigue. This paper found a correlation between intra- and intermyofibrillar glycogen depletion and SR Ca2+ release, but not subsarcolemmal; however, based on the current study, at control these compartments store 72%, 28% and 4% of glycogen, respectively. Thus a lack of significant correlation in subsarcolemmal glycogen depletion may reflect a lower statistical power and not necessarily a reduced influence on SR Ca2+ release. It may be that glycogen depletion, regardless of compartment, influences SR Ca2+ release. A final question raised by this work is whether a threshold value exists before glycogen depletion influences SR Ca2+ release and whether this translates to different mammalian exercise models. In this study, glycogen depletion >80% of control was required for a consistent negative impact on SR Ca2+ release but this level of depletion is extremely uncommon for exercising humans. Furthermore, this model only used type II mouse fibres which are highly glycolytic, whereas type I fibres support exercising tissue primarily through oxidative metabolism of fats. Fatigue in these fibres is probably regulated by multiple mechanisms rather than glycogen depletion alone, such as Na+–K+-ATPase activity, so this relationship may be less relevant in a whole muscle with varied fibre composition and substrate utilisation. Together these questions mask the extent to which glycogen depletion influences sarcoplasmic Ca2+ release in whole exercising muscle in mice, or humans especially as mouse type II fibres have only 20% of the glycogen content of type II human muscle fibres.

With these questions in mind, it would be fascinating to extend this research into human exercise models. With advancing techniques, single fibre approaches are now becoming increasingly common in human experimentation (Murphy, 2011) and so repeating this model on isolated human type II muscle fibres would provide the first logical translation of this work. This could be followed by repeating for human type I fibres and then for whole muscle, providing a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between glycogen depletion and fatigue, in each muscle fibre type and whole muscle, in humans. Further examination could be supported using methodologies to quantify regional glycogen depletion, such as the immunofluorescence approach recently demonstrated by Prats et al. (2013). This approach not only allows the simultaneous examination of glycogen and intramuscular triacylglycerol stores, but also provides more accuracy than the PAS stain used by Nielsen et al. (2014), which has the drawback of also binding to glycoproteins and proteoglycans and so is not truly glycogen specific. Finally, nutrition/exercise-based interventions could then also be used to manipulate regional glycogen stores and examine skeletal muscle fatigue.

In conclusion, the study by Nielsen et al. (2014) provides important novel insights into the role of compartmental glycogen depletion on calcium release and fatigue in skeletal muscle. These data are integral to advancing the field of exercise physiology and metabolism in order to understand the functional implications of glycogen for human health, but also exercise performance to include regulating substrate metabolism, metabolic flexibility and skeletal muscle function. Whilst fatigue is undoubtedly a complex multi-factorial process, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms and impacts of glycogen depletion in each compartment will help complete understanding and could eventually support more specific exercise and nutrition interventions to modulate skeletal muscle metabolism and fatigue. This is highly relevant to athletes, but through further work could also be relevant to those with impaired metabolic health, including the elderly, obese and chronic disease models such as diabetes or cardiovascular disease. The authors should once again be praised for presenting novel data with an elegant methodology that has progressed our understanding of skeletal muscle metabolism.


AbstractTwo extreme heat events impacting the New York City (NYC), New York, metropolitan region during 7–10 June and 21–24 July 2011 are examined in detail using a combination of models and observations. The U.S. Navy's Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) produces real-time forecasts across the region on a 1-km resolution grid and employs an urban canopy parameterization to account for the influence of the city on the atmosphere. Forecasts from the National Weather Service's 12-km resolution North American Mesoscale (NAM) implementation of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model are also examined. The accuracy of the forecasts is evaluated using a land- and coastline-based observation network. Observed temperatures reached 39°C or more at central urban sites over several days and remained high overnight due to urban heat island (UHI) effects, with a typical nighttime urban–rural temperature difference of 4°–5°C. Examining model performance broadly over both heat events ...


Mutsuyuki Kochi in 1985, [1,2] reported a unique anti-tumor agent (4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde) after attaining Japanese patent in 1969. Based on his patent report, 4Hydroxybenzaldehyde is one of the best anti-tumor agent with non-aspect outcomes. In my point of view developed cancers can be treated more efficiently by using 4Hydroxybenzaldehyde in quantitatively sufficiently to prevent carcinogenesis. According to my observation you should start giving 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde to the patient who are suffering with cancer in a small dose of the stuff due to the fact, the patient may additionally be afflicted by a severe hemorrhage of the tumor due to excessive necrosis, other type of cancers like leukemia and lymphomas can be handled greater effortlessly due to the fact these tumors don't have any blood vessels. Therefore, the ones who've those illnesses can get hold of extensively large dose of the stuff.


The real-time monitoring of electric capacitance (impedance spectroscopy) allowed obtaining evidence that structures which look like intestinal villi can be formed during the cultivation under static conditions as well as during the cultivation in microfluidic chips. It was shown in this work via transcriptome analysis that the Hh signaling pathway is involved in the formation of villus-like structures in vitro, which was previously shown for their formation in vivo.

impedance spectroscopy, intestine, villi, electric capacitance, Hh

The study was funded by the Russian Science Foundation (Project 16-19-10597).


The use of plastic pipelines allows to increase the efficiency of pipeline systems of a ship due to their extraordinary corrosion resistance, a decrease of maintenance frequency, a reduction of total operational costs, and opens a new direction in the use of plastics. The weight of plastic pipelines is considerably less than that of metal ones, which allows to decrease the weight of the vessel by several tons and to increase, due to this, its maneuverability, as well as to decrease fuel consumption, ensure easier passing of all the necessary weight regulations, and optimize vessel operation. The process of installation work performance provides for a possibility of a pre-assembly of structures, the execution of welded, glued, mechanical joints with the help of a minimum set of tools in a confined space, and decreases by 50% the time of pipeline laying on the ship. Moreover, plastic pipe manufacturing creates five times less carbon dioxide emissions, which makes it a significant environmentally-friendly alternative to metal pipes. Therefore, in the cases where it is technically possible, plastic pipelines can be used as a direct substitution of metal pipelines.


We report a methodology developed to quantitatively assess the maintainability of Geant4 with respect to software engineering references. The level of maintainability is determined by combining a set of metrics values whose references are documented in literature.


A method for efficient quantization of speech spectral models is proposed. The impulse response of the model is coded in two spectral subbands of unequal width. The distortion measure used is a squared error between impulse responses. The quality obtained at 22 bits per frame is as good as that of Split Vector Quantization of Line Spectral Frequencies at 24 bits per frame.


The main aim of this paper is to provide estimated benchmarks for unplanned endings for primary care counselling services using data drawn from the CORE National Research Database. Due to the problem of missing data, benchmarks are provided for 'declared' therapy endings and 'estimated' therapy endings. 'Declared' therapy endings are where the practitioner has provided data; 'estimated' therapy endings take into account missing data where clients are more likely to have had an unplanned rather than a planned ending to therapy. The average 'declared' rate of unplanned endings was calculated at 32% with a high rate determined as 40% or higher and a low rate as 21% or lower. The average 'estimated' rate of unplanned endings was calculated at 50% with a high rate determined as 58% or higher and a low rate as 38% or lower. It is likely that the true average, high and low rates of unplanned endings fall between the two sets of figures.


The article presents for the first time the biography of the Saratov voivode Ivan Ivanovich Kosagov, the father of the famous General Grigory Kosagov. I. I. Kosagov began his service at the court of Tsar Mikhail Romanov in 1620 at the age of 17, and before that he served with the patriarch forseveral years, like many of his ancestors. Becoming a Moscow nobleman in 1631, he received his first appointmenttothevoivodeship in Yuriev-Polsky,thenmainlyserved onthesouthern borders. It issaid about his regimentalservice in Mtsensk, Lomov, Tula. In 1647–1650 he was a voivode in Orel, then on regimental service in Bryansk, and in 1660 he was sent to Saratov. The article pays special attention to the Saratov service of I. I. Kosagov. The characteristics of the inner life of Saratov, the occupations of residents are given, the names of Russian and foreign ambassadors who visited the city during this voivodeship are given.


Abstract Biodegradation activity of branched nonylphenols (BNPs) by Sphingobium amiense strain YTT and Sphingomonas cloacae strain S-3T was examined. High-resolution GC-MS was used to separate five isomer groups from the commercial BNP mixture. In the time course experiments of BNP degradation, the isomers with alpha-dimethyl and those with α-methyl, α-ethyl configurations were rapidly degraded by Sphingobium amiense strain YTT, while those with highly branched chains were broken down less efficiently. In contrast, Sphingomonas cloacae strain S-3T degraded all the isomers of the BNP groups at similar rates. The utilization and degradation of 4-n-alkylphenols (C3 to C9) and 8 phenolic acids were also tested with the strains. The results suggested that Sphingomonas cloacae strain S-3T displays a catabolic activity possesses the catabolism specific of branched alkylphenols, while Sphingobium amiense strain YTT is a versatile organism capable of utilizing a wide range of phenolic compounds including phenolic acids, and of degrading 4-n-alkylphenols and a limited range of BNPs.


Constitutionalist procedure means the sum total of rights and duties formed in the course of political practice of creating, implementing and defending the constitution, where the constitutionalist subject perform legal actions according tothe pattern, moves and methods stipulated by the law. It is of attributes of practice, stability and autonomy, and at the same time, is of value of tool and purpose, and the latter is of independence.


This study aims to investigate the history of Islam at the kingdom of Bone in
South Sulawesi 1606-1640 which passed on the conquest, resulting in the
Islamization of war (MusuSelleng) conducted by the Kingdom of Gowa Bone,
using a historical approach (Dirasat tārīkhiyyah / historical research). This
study argued that the causes which led to Musu ' Selleng the deployment
process of Islam at Kingdom of Bone, namely distinguished between "direct
cause" and "indirect causes". In conjunction with the spread of Islam by the
Kingdom of Gowa Bone, Musu Selleng a "direct cause" whereas "indirect
cause" is the desire of the Kingdom of Gowa, to make the kingdom of Gowa
as strong in terms of economics and politics. The study shows that at the end
of the war Musu Selleng, Kingdom of Bone defeat must accept the fact that
accepted Islam in 1611 and subject to the power of the kingdom of Gowa.
Musu Selleng very favorable impact on the spread of Islam in the kingdom of
Bone, which is accompanied with the Islamization of the kingdom of King
Bone Bone with the entry into Islam on 23 November 1611 M. This study also
shows the position of the king's role as Petta Bone Mangkaue "which means
the sovereign lord and sit on the throne of the kingdom of Bone, Bone
Kingdom of the Islamization process easier. Mangkau the kingdom Bone
structure topped pyramid, so it can be said to be the position of the king in the
spread of Islam occupies a central position and the starting point in the spread
of Islam in the political and social life in the kingdom of Bone.


BACKGROUND
Gastric cancer(GC) is currently one of the major malignancies that threatens human lives and health. Anlotinib is a novel small-molecule that inhibits angiogenesis to exert anti-tumor effects. However, the function in gastric cancer is incompletely understood.

OBJECTIVE
The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-tumor effects and molecular mechanisms of anlotinib combined with dihydroartemisinin (DHA) in SGC7901 gastric cancer cells.

METHOD
Different concentrations of anlotinib and DHA were used to treat SGC7901 gastric cancer cells, after which cell proliferation was measured. Drug interactions of anlotinib and DHA were analyzed by the Chou-Talalay method with CompuSyn software. proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis were measured using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay, flow cytometry, Transwell invasion assays, scratch assays, and chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assays. proliferation-associated protein (Ki67), apoptosis-related protein (Bcl-2), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) were quantified by Western bloting.

RESULTS
The combination of 2.5 μmol/L of anlotinib and 5 of μmol/L DHA was highly synergistic in inhibiting cell growth, significantly increased the apoptosis rate and suppressed obviously the invasion and migration capability and angiogenesis of gastric cancer cells. In addition, the expression levels of Ki67, Bcl-2, and VEGF-A, as well as angiogenesis, were significantly decreased in the Combination of drugs compared with in control and either drug alone. Conclusion:The combination of anlotinib and DHA showed synergistic antitumor activity, suggesting their potential in treating patients with gastric cancer.


Phage adsorption by resistant staphylococci was studied. Staphylococcal cultures previously allowed to adsorb phage to which they were resistant remained as sensitive to their appropriate phages as normal cultures of the same strains. When pooled related and unrelated phages were incubated with their propagating strains, the results resembled those obtained when these phages were incubated separately with the same strains. The lytic effects of thirty-two phages at test dilutions were tested singly and when pooled into five mixtures. All the phage-propagating strains and over 500 strains received for typing were tested. The results were in agreement. Thirty-two phages at their test dilution in nutrient broth remained stable, whether pooled or not, at 0 to + 5° C. for various times. Briefly summarized, serological group A phages were stable for at least 1 month, and group B phages were stable for only 2–3 weeks. Broth cultures of staphylococci incubated for 18 hr. at 30° C. were as phage-sensitive as the same cultures when left at room temperature for 24 hr. A new method of phage typing staphylococci by means of phage pools, as satisfactory as the standard method, and less laborious, is described.