The genome of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) encodes at least six proteins involved in regulation as well as the structural proteins Gag, Pol, and Env. The interplay of the various regulators generates early and late transcriptional phases in the HIV-1 life cycle; the earliest RNA is enriched in subgenomic species, and the genomic transcript appears at the later stage of infection. We investigated the nature of the mRNAs expressed in the early stages of infection when the 2 kilobase subgenomic species predominate. RNA was analyzed in the earl phase of a one-step growth cycle ofHIV-1 infection in T-lymphoid and monocytic cell lines by using PCR amplification of in vitro-synthesized viral cDNAs. In both cell lines, expression of Tat-, Rev-, and Nef-specific messages appeared simultaneously and could be detected within 8-12 hr of infection but in different amounts with a predominance of Nef-specific message. The Env-specific message could be detected as early as the Rev-specific message, indicating that expression of at least small amounts of the singly spliced message could occur before the accumulation of Rev. The human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1) genome contains at least six genes that may be involved in regulation in addition to the structural genes common to all retroviruses, env, pol, and gag. There is an emerging picture of a complex pattern of regulation of the virus mediated by at least two of the transregulatory proteins, Tat and Rev. While Tat increases expression from the HIV-1 long terminal repeat, resulting in enhanced expression of all viral genes (1), Rev differentially enhances the expression of the unspliced or singly spliced messages coding primarily for structural genes and genomic RNA (2-6). It has been shown that there is a controlled temporal pattern ofexpression ofHIV RNAs upon acute infection; the earliest RNA is enriched in subgenomic species, and the genomic transcripts appear at the later stage of infection (7). This same pattern has been noted when chronically infected low-expression cell lines are stimulated with agents that activate the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (8). It is not yet known which specific genes are being expressed at the early stages of HIV-1 infection and activation. Such a pattern of transcriptional phases has been well described in other viruses, such as simian virus 40, polyoma virus, and herpesviruses, where early and late phases of transcription can be differentiated (9). In these instances the genes are regulated by unique promoters, whereas in HIV-1 a single promoter regulates expression of all genes. The mRNAs of all HIV-1 proteins are processed from the same precursor RNA with alternative splicing allowing for protein diversity. The mRNAs coding for the regulatory proteins Tat, Rev, and Nef are doubly spliced with identical 5' and 3' exons, differing in the splice acceptor of the second exon. The determination of splice-site use provides an important additional means of posttranscriptional regulation (10), particularly in light of the different regulatory functions associated with the proteins encoded by these transcripts. To better understand the control of early events that occur upon acute infection we examined the kinetics of splicing involved in the expression of viral genes, particularly the regulatory genes. We studied the early events during a one-step growth cycle in the T-lymphoid and monocytic cell lines. PCR amplification of in vitro-synthesized cDNAs with subsequent oligonucleotide hybridization was used for the specific and sensitive detection of the spliced HIV messages. Unlike conventional RNA (Northern) blot analysis, this method allowed us to distinguish the specific splicing events involved in the expression of Tat, Rev, and Nef mRNA as well as of Vif and Env. Increased synthesis of specific mRNAs for regulatory proteins could be detected 8-12 hr after infection in both lymphocyte and monocyte cell lines. The patterns of splicing and relative abundance of the regulatory gene messages were identical in both of these cell lines. Although the regulatory mRNAs appeared simultaneously, the doubly spliced NefmRNA was always more abundant relative to the doubly spliced mRNA coding for Rev and Tat. The singly spliced RNA capable of coding for Env could be detected as early as the regulatory messages by using this sensitive means of detection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Virus and Infection. Host cells for HIV-1 infection were H9 and U937, T-lymphoid and monocytic cell lines, respectively. The virus strain used was HIV-1WI3, which grows preferentially in T cells. A high-titer viral stock was made by the shaking method (7). The same number of H9 and U937 cells was infected with equal amounts of virus as described (7). At appropriate time points, samples were taken for RNA isolation. RNA from uninfected H9 cells as well as from H9 cells chronically infected with HIV-1II1B was analyzed. RNA Preparation. Preparation of the total cellular RNA was as described by Kim et al. (7). cDNA Synthesis and PCR Amplification. Synthetic oligonucleotide primers and probes were used for cDNA syntheAbbreviation: HIV-1, human immunodeficiency virus type 1. tTo whom reprint requests should be addressed. §Present address: Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Manhatten Veterans Administration Hospital, New York, NY. VPresent address: Institute of Oncology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy. ttPresent address: Departments of Medicine and Biology, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093. 5011 The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. 5012 Medical Sciences: Klotman et al. sis, PCR amplification, and hybridization detection of specific HIV cDNAs. The cDNAs were synthesized in a standard reverse transcriptase reaction. The reaction buffer containing 50 mM Tris HCl (pH 8.0), 3.0 mM MgCl2, and 75 mM KCI mixed with 200 ng of primer and 2 ,g of total cellular RNA was heated to 65TC and slowly cooled to 24TC to allow primer annealing. Sixty units of avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase (Super Reverse Transcriptase; Molecular Genetics Resources, Tampa, FL) was added along with a mixture ofdNTPs and dithiothreitol to a final concentration of 1 mM and 8 mM, respectively. The reaction was done at 40TC for 1 hr. Five microliters of the cDNA reaction was used directly in the amplification reaction. Each antisense primer was paired with the same-sense primer, designated US, which is located upstream from the first major splice donor at the 5' end of the genome, for amplification of specific cDNAs. The PCR included the sense and antisense primers at a final concentration of 0.5 tkM, reaction buffer of 10 mM Tris HCI (pH 8.3), 50 mM KCI, 1.5 mM MgCl2, and 0.01% gelatin, 200 ,tM of each dNTP, 2.5 units of Taq polymerase (Perkin-Elmer/Cetus), and 5 ,u1 from the reverse transcriptase reaction as the cDNA template. The samples were amplified through 30 cycles that included the following parameters: denaturation at 92°C for 1 min, primer annealing at 55°C for 2 min, and primer extension at 72°C for 2 min. The final cycle included a 7-min extension at 720C. Oligonucleotide Primers and Probes. Oligonucleotide primers and probes were made on an Applied Biosystems synthesizer. The location of the primers and probes used for cDNA synthesis and detection, as well as their sequences, is indicated in Figs. 1 and 2A, respectively. The primer designated ART7 is derived from the third exon of the regulatory genes tat, rev, and nef, the primer ART5 is downstream from the splice acceptor for vif, and the primer ART2 is downstream from the initiation codon of env. In each case, the primer pairs used for amplification spanned known splice junctions for the regulatory and env genes illustrated below the primers in Fig. 1 and were anticipated to yield specific products, as predicted by the known HIV-1 splice sites (Fig. 2B). The combination of primers ART7/US was used to amplify the doubly spliced mRNAs for the regulatory proteins Tat, Rev, and Nef; the primer pair ART5/US used to amplify the first splice junction of VifmRNA and ART2/US was used to amplify spliced Env mRNA. The viral probe designated S1 was used to detect tat-specific cDNA and is located in the second exon upstream from the rev and nef splice acceptors. The probe S2 was used to detect both tatand rev-specific cDNAs and is located in the second exon of rev upstream from the nef splice acceptor. The probe S3 located at the 3' end of the second exon common to Tat, Rev, and Nef messages was used to detect these cDNAs as well as env cDNA. A specific probe (S4) spanning 14 batses on either side of the first splice junction of vif was used to detect this message. Additional oligonucleotide probes derived from the two small exons upstream from tat (12), ART9 and ART8, and from the third exon of the mRNAs coding for the regulatory proteins, S5, were used to identify additional amplified cDNAs. Gel Electrophoresis and Hybridization. The PCR products (25 ,ul of the reaction) were resolved on 5% nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels, denatured with 0.5 M NaOH/1.5 M NaCI, neutralized in 0.5 M Tris HCI (pH 8.0)/1.5 M NaCl, and transferred electrophoretically onto Nytran membranes (Schleicher & Schuell) using 20 V over 18 hr in 1x TBE buffer (0.89 M Tris/0.89 M boric acid/0.02 M EDTA, pH 8.3). The nucleic acid was bound to the membrane by UV irradiation using the UV Stratalinker 1800 (Stratagene). The membranes were prehybridized in 6x NET (20x NET is 3 M NaCI/20 mM EDTA/0.3 M Tris-HCl, pH 8.0)/0.1% SDS/5x Denhardt's solution/tRNA at 150 ,ug/ml. Oligonucleotide probe end-labeled with [32P]ATP by standard methods using T4 polynucleotide kinase was added to the prehybridization solution at 1 x 106 cpm/ml of solution. After overnight hybridization, the memb


It is of interest to be able to estimate the contribution of an anthropogenic emission source to downwind rainwater chemistry. The authors here consider the closure of a large copper smelter which operated in a region where background and other emission sources should contribute smaller amounts of atmospheric sulfur than the smelter. An additional simplification existed in that meteorology associated with rain was relatively well known and consistent. A field experiment was conducted in the winters of 1985 and 1986 to collect rainwater at sites upwind and downwind of the Tacoma, Washington smelter. The smelters SO{sub 2} emissions, their conversion to SO{sub 4}= via three oxidants (O{sub 3}, H{sub 2}O{sub 2}, and O{sub 2} - Fe catalyzed reactions), diffusion, transport, and aerosol/gas scavenging previously have been estimated while adjusting model parameters until the predictions fit the rainwater data. To take advantage of the unique experimental design afforded by the closure of the smelter, statistical analysis was performed on NO{sub 3}-, SO{sub 4}(xs)= (excess of seasalt), and pH data; analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed that the smelter had a significant (p < .01) influence on rainwater pH and SO{sub 4}(xs). The analysis presented here extends the ANOVA by applying a multivariatemore » regression technique to new data for trace element concentrations for the same rain samples. To predict rainwater acidity, they derive fingerprints from trace element data, identify a source or process related to that fingerprint, and compare the predicted contributions for pre- and post- closure samples.« less


Unit 1: Beginning Keyboarding. Unit 2: Alphabetic Concentration Sentences and the Tab Keys. Unit 3: Skill Building Paragraphs-Timed Writings. Unit 4: Double Letters, Speed Builders, and Timed Writing. Unit 5: All-Purpose Drills and Timed Writings. Unit 6: Numbers and Top Row Keys. Unit 7: Mechanics I. Unit 8: Mechanics II. Unit 9: Mechanics III-Capitalization. Unit 10: Formats I. Unit 11: Formats II. Unit 12: Medical Reports. Unit 13: Marketing Your Skills. Appendix.


Background: Several Intensive Care Units (ICU) have been overwhelmed by the surge of COVID-19 patients thus necessitating to extend ventilation capacity outside the ICU where air and oxygen pressure are not always available. Transport ventilators requiring only O2 source may be used to deliver volume-controlled ventilation. Objective: To evaluate the performances of four transport ventilators compared to an ICU ventilator simulating severe respiratory conditions. Materials and methods: Two pneumatic transport ventilators, (Oxylog 3000, Draeger; Osiris 3, Air Liquide Medical Systems) and two turbine transport ventilators (Elisee 350, ResMed; Monnal T60, Air Liquide Medical Systems) were compared to an ICU ventilator (Engstrom Carestation - GE Healthcare) using a Michigan training test lung. We tested each ventilator with different set volumes Vtset (350, 450, 550 ml) and different compliances (20 or 50 ml/cmH2O) and a resistance of 15 cmH20/L/sec based on values recently described in COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Volume error was measured, as well as the trigger time delay during assist-control ventilation simulating spontaneous breathing activity with a P0.1 of 4 cmH20. Results: Grouping all conditions, the volume error was 2.9 +/- 2.2 % for Engstrom Carestation; 3.6 +/- 3.9 % for Osiris 3; 2.5 +/- 2.1 % for Oxylog 3000; 5.4 +/- 2.7 % for Monnal T60 and 8.8 +/- 4.8 % for Elisee 350. Grouping all conditions, trigger delay was 42 +/- 4 ms, 65 +/- 5 ms, 151 +/- 14 ms, 51 +/- 6 and 64 +/- 5 ms for Engstrom Carestation, Osiris 3, Oxylog 3000, Monnal T60 and Elisee 350, respectively. Conclusions: In special surge situations such as COVID-19 pandemic, most transport ventilators may be used to safely deliver volume-controlled ventilation in locations where only oxygen pressure supply is available with acceptable volume accuracy. Performances regarding triggering function are generally acceptable but vary across ventilators.


Capacitive position sensing with modulation technique is widely used in electrostatic actuator applications. To maximize the electrostatic force and the position-sensing gain, capacitors for driving and capacitors for sensing are shared, i.e, after applying the driving voltage with high-frequency modulating signals using op amps, the position is demodulated from the modulated signal. In high-voltage applications, however, low bandwidth of a high-voltage op amp hinders adding the high-frequency modulating signal to the driving voltage. In this paper, new and very simple driving and sensing method is proposed, in which the pulse-width modulated driving voltage eliminates the need of the high-frequency modulating signal for position sensing. This new algorithm is proved by the simulation results using Matlab/SIMULINK.


McCARTY, STEVEN L. Design and Application of a Dynamic Headspace Sampling System for the Study of Bioremediation of Toxic Metalloids by Bacteria. Master of Science (Chemistry ), December, 1994, Sam Houston State University Huntsville, Texas. Purpose The purpose of the experiments describe here was to follow the output of reduced chemical species produced by metalloid-resistant bacteria. Methods In order 1) to remove the volatile biological wastes produced as these organisms biodegrade selenium oxyanions and 2) to maintain an anaerobic environment, the bacterial cultures studied had to be continuously purged with an inert gas. This therefore required the trapping and concentration of the gas phase components before analyses. Variable trapping times allowed for the changes in headspace component concentrations associated with the continuous fluctuation in the bacterial efficiency of bioremediation. The trapping apparatus consisted of a double focussing cryogenic system with an initial trap external to the gas chromatograph. The second cryogenic trapping was performed by the oven of the gas chromatograph. A bioreactor was designed that interfaced with the purge and trap system. It allowed for anaerobic sampling and continuous purging and mixing of the bacterial culture with sterile N2. The methylated selenium and sulfur compounds released by these bacteria were separated by capillary gas chromatography and detected by fluorine-induced chemiluminescence. Findings A dynamic headspace sampling apparatus was designed and constructed. Headspace gases above anaerobic bacterial cultures were sampled over long times course experiments. Large volumes of headspace gases could be collected, cryogenically concentrated, and then cryofocussed in an external subambient cryotrap and again in the GC oven. Organosulfide and organoselenide compounds could be determined from that headspace. Repeated sampling of the same culture over time permitted a time based examination of the bioremediation of the oxyanions of selenium by anaerobic bacteria. The high boiling organo-chalcogens were examined routinely over experiments up to 100 hours long using the same culture. Plotted over time, these analyses showed that the production of dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl diselenide tracked the growth curve of the facultative anaerobe examined, Pseudomonas fluorescens K27. Thomas G. Chasteen Thesis Director


Current Business Intelligence (BI) initiatives customize DM-KDD techniques into business analytics, which cannot be used in applications other than business. A review of current methodology at the strategic level of the KM/KDD domains indicates that there exists no general formal framework which can be adopted in new applications, or new application areas. There are no established procedures for the domain expert to express their prior knowledge, understanding and aims in a way which can be linked to KDD/DMM processes and subsequent deployment of discovered knowledge. It is suggested that the sequential life-cycle project-management approach of CRISP-DM needs to be complemented by a dynamic interactive view of a conceptual data/information/knowledge hierarchy in the KM context. It is also suggested that a graphical/visual knowledge representation framework needs to be developed as the basis of a knowledge and discovery and communication framework (KDCF).

A review of the limitations in DM methodology at the technical/technological level leads to the conclusion that there is no coherent DM methodology to guide the choice of models and their evaluation, that the DM discipline is fractionated, and that the fundamental search and sampling paradigms have been insufficiently utilized in DM development. It is proposed that development of linked data and model ontologies, together with a DM-epistemology, and associated with full exploitation of search and sampling could lead to improved cohesion and efficacy of the DM discipline.


Computer programming is a difficult skill for many students and visualizations may be used to foster learning. This paper presents a program animation system, PlanAni, that is based on the concept of the roles of variables. Roles represent schematic uses of variables that occur in programs over and over again, and a set of nine roles covers practically all variables in novice-level programs. PlanAni has been tested in a teaching experiment comparing traditional teaching with role-based teaching and animation. The results of a semi-structured interview with the teacher indicate that students like to work with the animator and that the system clarifies many concepts in programming.


The potential synergy between quantum communications and future wireless communication systems is explored. By proposing a quantum-native or quantum-by-design philosophy, the survey examines technologies such as quantum-domain (QD) multi-input multi-output (MIMO), QD non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), quantum secure direct communication (QSDC), QD resource allocation, QD routing, and QD artificial intelligence (AI). The recent research advances in these areas are summarized. Given the behavior of photonic and particle-like Terahertz (THz) systems, a comprehensive system-oriented perspective is adopted to assess the feasibility of using quantum communications in future systems. This survey also reviews quantum optimization algorithms and quantum neural networks to explore the potential integration of quantum communication and quantum computing in future systems. Additionally, the current status of quantum sensing, quantum radar, and quantum timing is briefly reviewed in support of future applications. The associated research gaps and future directions are identified, including extending the entanglement coherence time, developing THz quantum communications devices, addressing challenges in channel estimation and tracking, and establishing the theoretical bounds and performance trade-offs of quantum communication, computing, and sensing. This survey offers a unique perspective on the potential for quantum communications to revolutionize future systems and pave the way for even more advanced technologies.


In this paper, 3D point cloud and depth map fusion system for 3D environment detection is proposed. This algorithm uses the depth map generated by virtual perspective mapping technology to assist LiDAR point cloud map information matching, and distinguishes objects according to distance and color to facilitate observation. At the same time, the depth map is used to assist in the generation of two-dimensional point cloud information to repair the missing problems to achieve the effect of restoring the point cloud information. The method solves the problems of sparse point cloud information of distant objects, reflections caused by the material of cars, and light penetration caused by glass, so that the point cloud map information can be more accurate. After a series of experiments, the accuracy rate of the proposed method can reach 91.27%, the precision of matching completeness is 91.61%, the F1-measure is 92.37%, and the recall rate can reach 93.14%. Compared with most methods, our proposed method has better performance. The proposed method successfully solves the problems that LiDAR point cloud map data will be missing and sparse due to environmental factors to achieve high-precision point cloud map.


Thermally enhanced oil recovery methods, such as in situ combustion and steam injection, are generating considerable interest in terms of improving oil reserve exploitation and satisfying oil demand and economic growth. However, the early breakthrough of the in situ combustion front and the significant amount of heat loss associated with steam injection for deeper reservoir applications are the main challenges that require urgent solutions. Further data collection related to the effects of a reservoir's physical and chemical properties, temperature, and pressure on in situ combustion front propagation and steam injection heat transfer inefficiency would be needed to achieve better reservoir oil recovery. Most studies have focused on the application of catalytic systems and the investigation of minerals' effects on combustion front stabilization; however, the effect of clay interlayers' minerals on the performance of in situ combustion is still poorly understood. This paper takes a new look at the role played by the interlayers' minerals in stabilizing the combustion front using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) combined with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and combustion tube experiments. The studied samples' compositions were analyzed by XRD, TG/DSC, and NMR techniques. Meanwhile, the effects of interlayers' minerals on oil production were screened by combustion tube experiments. The data obtained from this study suggest that clay dispersion within a reservoir would improve oil recovery via in situ combustion, and our study led us to obtain an 80.5% recovery factor. However, the experiments of models with clay interlayers showed less recovery factors, and the model with interlayers led to a 0% recovery factor in the presence of air injection. Meanwhile, the same model in hydrothermal and air injection conditions led to a 13.9% recovery factor. This was due to the hydrothermal effect improving permeability and pore enlargement, which allowed the transfer of heat and matter. Moreover, our study found that clay minerals exhibit excellent catalytic effects on the formation of fuel deposition and the coke oxidation process. This effect was reflected in the significant role played by clay minerals in decreasing the number of heteroatoms by breaking down the C-S, C-N, and C-O bonds and by stimulating the processes of hydrocarbon polymerization during the in situ combustion. Our results add to a growing body of literature related to in situ combustion challenges and underline the importance of a reservoir's physical parameters in the successful application of in situ combustion.


Successful emergency management requires a better understanding of events with potentially disastrous consequences, a comprehensive, holistic view of managing such events, and the effective use of technology. This guest editorial for this special issue of this TRANSACTIONS provides the raison d'ˆ etre for a new field of emergency management and engineering. It provides a systems view of emergency management, emphasizing the need for both pre- and postevent strategies and policies. The role of advanced communications and computing technologies, coupled with analytic procedures and models, is discussed. This paper concludes with the recognition of the need for emergency managers to be able to utilize these technologies.


*HE07, Ideas and Strategies for Gender Equity in the Classroom, Dianne D. Horgan(Memphis State University), H, 256 pp., 7 x 9 1/4, 0-205-1, paperbound, 1995, $15.75, July*/ Written to ensure the awareness of present and future teachers of the potential for inequity in their classrooms based on gender, this book offers practical strategies to address the issue. Using recent research in social cognition and attribution theory as the underpinnings of the strategies offered, it incorporates case studies and examples spanning grades K-12.


гтше great historical wealth lying on the bottom of the x Mediterranean has been known to archaeologists only since the turn of the century. At that time a group of Greek spongedivers stumbled onto a wreck at Antikythera that yielded quantities of marble and bronze statues, pottery, glass and a remarkable astronomical computer that has greatly increased our respect for Greek technology. After the addition of the magnificent "Antikythera Youth" to the Athens Museum, sculptures continued to come from the sea: the Marathon Boy, the marbles from the Piraeus harbor, the jockey and horse from Artemision and above all the Artemision Zeus.


'Why?' considers some of the mathematical problems faced by scientists in the past: Hipparchus of Rhodes trying to predict the times of eclipses; Maurice Bressieu, the 16th-century French mathematician and humanist, calculating the height of a tower; and Lord Kelvin trying to predict ocean tide behaviour. Each of these scientists was faced with the same difficulty: the mathematical tools they had at their disposal were not up to the task of quantifying the phenomenon they were studying. This is the problem at the heart of trigonometry: how can we bring together geometry and computation to solve real physical problems? Today, examples of bridges between geometry and measurement are everywhere.


The present invention relates to a novel method for high throughput detection of wide range of genotoxins in eukaryotic cells wherein the eukaryotic cell based tool combines the ability to detect a broad spectrum of genotoxic signaling events and a simple and reproducible assay technique. The present invention further comprises expression cassettes, vectors, and eukaryotic cell lines for the same.


Virginia Woolf's writing is aesthetically complex, politically engaged, and remains relevant today—an astonishing achievement. This thesis begins by asking how and why this is the case, and thinks through Woolf's relationship to history as a means of suggesting some answers. References to the past abound in Woolf's fiction in the form of meaningful names, stories, myths, and national histories. I am especially interested in allusions that are not immediately obvious, but still work to convey something about human nature. These were sometimes inspired by artifacts in museums, or by articles in magazines or newspapers, or literature she owned, or borrowed, or was being written by her contemporaries—sources that a careful researcher can track down. Other references are more difficult to prove; for example, they may have come from travel experiences related by friends, or personal experiences not recorded in her diary. In this case we need to balance circumstantial evidence, common sense, and an understanding of the spirit and concerns of the age. In the first chapter I highlight Woolf's early interest in the tension between fact and fiction as it is expressed in her 1906 short story, "The Journal of Mistress Joan Martyn". The chapter serves as way of demonstrating my process. I point out the interplay between form, content, and autobiography that is in her other work. In short, a good deal of what is imagined may have been inspired by personal experience and real historical material. The next three chapters reveal new character types and source material for Jacob's Room, To the Lighthouse, and The Waves—the novels in which Woolf worked out what I have called her "mythical method". I end by inviting scholars to reconsider tensions in her work such as fact and fiction, self and other, art and politics from a new angle: not only as thematic preoccupations but also as crucial to thinking of—to borrow from Gertrude Stein—composition as a form of explanation. Woolf's project in fiction was to figure out what modernism can and should do. Although it is not necessary for all readers to do the kind of research demonstrated here in order to understand the novels, having an awareness of this work is important. This new way of looking at how and why Woolf wrote both in and outside of time as part of the process of composition makes us think again about the reasons that we should care so much about "Mrs. Brown". It helps us appreciate that the project of conveying both the ephemeral and temporal qualities of human experience is what makes the study of literary modernism (and its current global, transnational forms) a dynamic, political, and expanding phenomenon today.


Abstract. For many agricultural granular materials, discharge rate issues in silos and hoppers are well known and analytical procedures exists to describe this process. However, this is not the case of some new materials – such us biomass briquettes – which are nowadays being stored and handled in bins and hoppers. In this paper, several DEM models have been carried out in this work to simulate the discharge process of biomass briquettes stored in a bin. Different discharge scenarios have been simulated by modifying the size of the hopper outlet and the inclination of the hopper walls. This paper presents new results enlarging and completing the first ones previously published. For each of the discharge scenarios the mean value and the fluctuation level of the discharge rate were obtained and the influence of the outlet size and hopper inclinations analysed. These results were also compared with classical analytical expressions, such as Beverloo's equation, in order to investigate its validity for the case of elongated particles, such as biomass briquettes. Finally, some useful conclusions on the discharge rate of biomass briquettes stored in silos were presented.


Public Reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comment regarding this burden estimates or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, The views, opinions and/or findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official Department of the Army position, policy or decision, unless so designated by other documentation. 12 a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. 12 b. DISTRIBUTION CODE 13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words) The high-performance cameras and accessories obtained through this DURIP grant provide important state-of-the-art instrumentation to the Spectral Visualization Laboratory at the Robotics Institute of Carnegie Mellon University. This research-grade instrumentation supports programs sponsored by the Army and other government agencies in hyperspectral imaging. CMU's hyperspectral imaging technology is based on the acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF), a technology that optimally exploits remote sensing in the hyperspectral domain. Our research initiatives cover from the visible-near infrared (0.4-1 µm) spectral domain to the mid-IR (1-5 µm) and far-IR (8 – 12 µm) regions. Advantages of infrared hyperspectral imaging are greater signature differentiation, emissive (heat) signatures and superior aerosol penetration that will considerably enhance numerous DoD sponsored initiatives in automated target recognition (ATR). Examples include: better penetration through cloud cover, extended vision over sea water, and target ID under extreme ground terrain/camouflage and battlefield smoke scenarios.


During the course of the Middle Palaeolithic, Neandertals produced flakes, blades and points according to wide-ranging operative schemas. Previous research carried out in the north of France has shown the unique aspect of the laminar phenomenon (Revillion, 1994; Locht et al., 2002; Locht et al., 2010), but studies focusing on point production remained rare until recently. However, new studies have shown that the point was not just an anecdotal element of the Neandertal toolkit, as was generally considered for a long time, but that it was associated with a specific status for these populations (Knecht, 1997; Soressi & Locht, 2010; Goval, 2012; Herisson, 2012). Although it is universally accepted that Neandertal Man was capable of hunting large herbivores for food supplies, hunting techniques and tools are often largely unexplained. To date, it is difficult to accurately identify the weapons used for hunting, although hafting and impact marks on points show that this tool must have been part of the hunting equipment (Boeda et al., 1996; Plisson & Beyries, 1998). Other use wear analyses indicate that the point was handheld, like a knife (with the pointed end serving as an apex). The status of the point thus remains enigmatic as the quantity and production methods of these tools vary hugely from site to site. In the north of France, points are produced and/or brought into the production, kill or processing sites by Man, but this phenomenon appears to be limited to certain specific geographic zones. The chronological scope of this communication is the Middle Palaeolithic, from the earliest to the most recent phase, encompassing human occupations from the Saalian to the Early Weichselian (from 300,000 B.P. to 70,000 B.P.).
This chronological choice stems from the absence of points in the assemblages in the north of France after isotopic stage 4. This communication focuses on the point as an element of the toolkit of these populations, but also on the production, the function, the mobility and the representation of this object, or, in other words, on its status.
References
BOEDA E., CONNAN J., DESSORT D., MUHESEN S., MERCIER N., VALLADAS H., TISNERAT N., 1996. Bitumen as a hafting material on Middle Palaeolithic artefacts. Nature, 380: 336-338.
GOVAL E., 2012. Peuplements neandertaliens dans le Nord de la France: territoires, industries lithiques et occupations humaines durant la phase recente du Paleolithique moyen, 312 p.
HERISSON D., 2012. Etude des comportements des premiers Neandertaliens du Nord de la France. Les occupations saaliennes des gisements de Biache-Saint-Vaast et de Therdonne, Ph.D. Dissertation, Universite de Lille, 504 p.
KNECHT H. (Ed), 1997 - Projectile Technology, 408 p.
LOCHT J.-L. (Dir.), 2002. Bettencourt-Saint-Ouen (Somme): cinq occupations au debut de la derniere glaciation (Documents d'archeologie francaise 90), 168 p.
LOCHT J.-L., GOVAL E., ANTOINE P., 2010. Reconstructing Middle Palaeolithic hominid behaviour during OIS 5 in northern France. In: Conard N. J. & Delagne A. (Eds), Settlement Dynamics of the Middle Paleolithic and Middle Stone Age, vol. 3: 329-356.
PLISSON H., BEYRIES S., 1998. Pointes ou outils triangulaires ? Donnees fonctionnelles dans le Mousterien levantin. Paleorient, 24 (1): 5-24.
REVILLION S., 1994. Les industries laminaires du Paleolithique moyen en Europe septentrionale: l'exemple des gisements de Saint-Germain-des-Vaux / Port-Racine (Manche), Seclin (Nord), et de Riencourt-les-Bapaume (Pasde- Calais) (Publications du CERP 5), 187 p.
SORESSI M., LOCHT J.-L., 2010. Les armes de chasse de Neandertal, premiere analyse des pointes mousteriennes d'Ange. Archeopages, 28: 7-11.


1. Understanding Housing Finance 2. Need, Choice and Responsibility 3. The Importance of Markets 4. Government Action 5. Influencing Markets 6. Controlling Housing 7. Complexity and Choice


Will China's rise lead to Chinese hegemony? Most International Relations scholars would answer in the negative, contending the road to a global hegemony remains well beyond Beijing's capabilities. In Asia, however, China's formidable economy, technological advancement, rapidly modernizing military forces, and geopolitical moves look outright hegemonic – a fact that United States attempts to "pivot" and "rebalance" to that region have put into sharp relief. To assess the prospects of a new regional hegemony, this paper considers the "economic," "security" and "cultural" relations of eleven Asian states with both Beijing and Washington. The overall results induce skepticism about China's ability to reorder its region. Although significant and growing, China's network of "strategic partners" is minor compared to that centered on the United States. Sightings of an Asian Pax Sinica are at best premature.


Abstract The study aims to compare the wood anatomy of ivy‐hosting and non‐hosting oriental plane. Qualitative differences caused by ivy do not appear on wood anatomy of oriental plane. However, tangential and radial diameters of vessels are narrower, vessel frequency is higher, multiseriate rays are shorter and narrower, fibres are shorter, fibre walls are thinner, and fibre lumens are wider for woods of ivy‐hosting trees than those of non‐hosting ones. In addition, compared to that of non‐hosting oriental planes, the last 30 years' radial growth of ivy‐hosting ones has decreased by 22.7%. High‐level invasion of the canopy by ivy might be a death‐trap for the host tree due to reduced light penetration.


Summary.

The effect of some sympathicolytic agents on the secretory and vascular responses to sympathetic stimulation in the submaxillary gland of the cat has been investigated. With chlorpromazine it is possible to abolish the secretory effect, leaving the constriction intact. Regitin has a similar but far less selective effect. Priscol abolishes the constriction, sparing the secretion. Dihydroergotamine and Antistin both affect the secretion and the constriction to the same extent. The vasodilatation which is obtained on sympathetic stimulation is closely connected with the secretion and very likely due to metabolites with vasodilator action.


Nano-materials are immensely applied in piezoelectric, electrochemical, optical, magnetic biosensors based on clearly unique nature of it. The important role of nano-materials in biosensors is expounded and the latest application of novel functional nano -materials in biosensor is introduced emphatically, such as nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, quantum dots and nanofibers. The researches make clear that nano-materials can provide momentous value in enhancing performance of biosensors, such as sensitivity, detection range, and repetitiveness of biosensors, as immobilization materials or carriers.


Cloud computing is an emerging technology that can allow user's large amount of data to store in cloud and it can be access from anywhere. It provides various kinds of services to users such as Software as a service, Infrastructure as a service, and Platform as a service etc. It can manage to provide cost effective, easy to manage, elastic, and powerful resources over the Internet. It uses optimal and shared utilization to enhance the ability of the hardware resources .These features help user and organizations to switch their applications and services to the cloud. There are two important aspects of cloud storage(1) Data integrity is an important aspect while attain validation, violation and correctness of data on cloud storage. Data integrity checking mechanism plays a major role in Cloud Computing. This deals with checking the integrity of data at remote cloud storage server. It ensures that data at the sender and receiver side are same. User can detect data integrity violations with the help of this mechanism while retrieving from remote cloud storage server. It refers to the completeness, accuracy and consistency of data over its entire life cycle. This can be determined by the absence of alteration between two instances of data.(2)Data compression is a process of eliminating redundancies in order to reduce storage space and cost on cloud storage .It implies sending & storing smaller number of bits. It involves manipulating and modifying bits structure of data in such a way that it reduce size. This paper propose a new methodology to improve the performance of data integrity checking and to optimize the compression ratio.


P47 Table 1. Baseline Characteristics Referred to PR (n = 73) Not referred to PR (n = 153) p value Age (years) 71 (64, 79) 74 (66, 82) p = 0.10 MRC Dyspnoea score 4 (3, 5) 5 (3, 5) p = 0.39 BMI (kg/m) 25.8 (21.8, 31.5) 25.5 (22.0, 29.4) p = 0.45 FEV1(% predicted) 35.0 (24.8, 49.5) 34.0 (26.0, 48.3) p = 0.73 QMVC(% predicted) 40.3 (27.2, 52.8) 41.5 (28.6, 58.4) p = 0.44 FFMI (kg/m) 15.3 (13.3, 17.4) 15.5 (14.0, 17.5) p = 0.52 4MGS (metres/second) 0.64 (0.24) 0.57 (0.28) p = 0.09 CAT 25 (7) 24 (8) p = 0.47 HAD A 7 (4 , 11) 7 (4, 10) p = 0.94 HAD D 6 (3, 9) 6 (4, 9) p = 0.53 Length Of Stay (days) 2 (1, 4) 3 (2, 6) p < 0.01 Smoking Pack Year History 45 (27, 59) 36 (20, 55) p = 0.08 Current smoking status (current:former) 25:48 57:96 p = 0.77 Hospitalised in past year (%) 34 38 p = 0.66 Social Deprivation IMD 20.99 (12.60, 28.03) 20.22 (12.17, 27.38) p = 0.89 Data expressed as mean (SD) and median (25, 75 percentile). MRC, Medical Research Council dyspnoea score; BMI, body mass index; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; QMVC, quadriceps maximum voluntary contraction; FFMI, fat free mass index; 4MGS, 4-metre gait speed; CAT, COPD assessment tool; HAD, Hospital Anxiety and Depression. P48 AN EVALUATION TO UNDERSTAND THE USE OF TECHNOLOGY WITHIN A COPD POPULATION M Gibb, V Willott, S Lohar, S Ward, C Bolton, P McAlinden, A De-Soyza, S Singh; University Hospital of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Sir William Leech Centre for Lung Research Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Institute of Cellular medicine, Newcastle University and COPD Service Freeman Hospital Newcastle, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kindom; Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Coventry University, Coventry,


Although the study of empathy within the helping professions has a long history, it is a complex, multifaceted phenomenon, whose precise definition remains elusive. Despite the ambiguous nature of empathy, it has been theorized to be an important relationship variable that positively affects client outcomes in medicine and psychotherapy. However, since numerous problems exist in the measurement of empathy, the importance of this prominent relationship variable in medical and psychotherapeutic outcomes cannot be corroborated. The current study was designed to address the problems plaguing empathy research and has several aims. First, the study provides a proposal for the operationalization of empathy as comprising both a cognitive and behavioral component along with evidence supporting this conceptualization. Additionally, solutions are provided for improving the measurement of clinical empathy using the revised Response Empathy Scale (Elliott, 1982). Finally, a study is proposed whereby the revised Response Empathy Scale is tested in clinical practice and client outcomes associated with therapist empathy are examined.


This study explored differences in postacute disposition for total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with a focus on whether Asian Americans (AS) experience joint replacement disparities observed in other racial/ethnic minorities compared with majority white patients. We used data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample for 2009 through 2012. We looked at disposition to home health care (HHC) and transfer to another facility for postacute care (e.g., skilled nursing facility, rehabilitation facility) for each of the 4 years under study. Findings for AS were mixed. There were differences in discharge to postacute facilities other than HHC for AS compared with whites for THA for 2011 and 2012. For TKA, there were differences in disposition to HHC for Asians compared with whites for 2009 and 2012; for disposition to postacute facilities other than HHC for TKA, there were differences for 2011 and 2012 only. Differences for AS in postacute disposition to facilities other than HHC appear to increase over the 4 years of the study. Further research with additional data is warranted.


To investigate whether smooth muscle cell(SMC)derived fibroblast growth factor(FGF) plays a role in atherogenesis, this growth factor was purified, and some of its biological and biochemical properties were determined.Methods The rabbit aortic SMC were cultured using a substrateattached explant method. The SMC at the 3rd~5th passage which grew well were collected and sonicated. The sonicated was centrifuged at 10 000 r·min ̄(-1) and the FGF was extracted. The chemotactic activity of the extract for rabbit peripheral blood monocytes(MC) was assayed by using modified Boyden chamber, Subsequently, the extract was loaded on a column of heparin-Sepharose and agradient elution was performed. The effect of the eluate fractions on DNA synthesis of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts was assayed by using  ̄3H-thymidine(  ̄3H-TdR ) incorporation into DNA of the cells. To determin the molecular weight and reactivity to anti-bFGF polyclonal antibody, NaDodSO_4-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDSPAGE), immunoblotting and an image processing system were used.Results The FGF extract was significantly chemotactic for MC. The actions eluted in 1.4~1. 6 mol· L ̄(-1) NaCl from the heparin Sepharose were mitogenic for 3T3 cells, and the  ̄3H-TdR incorporation values were 2~3 times as much as the control. The purified molecule had a molecular weight of about 18.4 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE. Immunoblot analysis showed that this purified protein was positively immunoreactive to an anti-bFGF polyclonal antibody.Conclusions The purified protein from the present experiment is bFGF. It suggests that the SMC which have migrated in the intima may release bFGF when injured. Basic FGF may play a role in atherogenesis through inducing cell migration and proliferation.


The article analyzes the oligarchization phenomenon of political power in Ukraine as a system of control by owners of large capital over state institutions. The formation of powerful national capital was facilitated by public opinion's unacceptability of attracting foreign capital and the monetary form of privatization of state-owned enterprises. The negative attitude of the population to the consequences of privatization was used by the oligarchs to block institutional reforms, which led to the spread of corruption and manual methods of property redistribution. The collection of oligarchic rent from the profits of state-owned enterprises became an additional resource for the enrichment of large owners. The dependence of the state on the oligarchs was ensured by their total control over the sectors of the economy that provided the majority of revenues to the state budget. The oligarchs' ownership of key mass media allowed them to manipulate public opinion, which blocked reform initiatives of the civil sector. This was facilitated by the socio-political division of Ukrainian society regarding the ways of the country's development. The decrease in the influence of large owners on the political life of Ukraine became possible due to the limitation of their mass media influence and the decline of their economic base under the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war. The process of de-oligarchization of political power in Ukraine is facilitated by the growth of social unity and trust in state institutions, the increase in the influence of the civil sector, and the economic support of Western countries.


The present study compared the performance of soldier pile and concrete bearing pad anchored wall facings. Using Abaqus finite element software, two case studies have been precisely represented for the facing designs and effects of the parameters of soil type, spacing of anchors and facings, surcharge and facing sizes were investigated. The analysis results indicate that the soldier pile method can efficiently reduce anchored wall deformation, especially at the wall crest. The horizontal deformation at the top of the anchored soldier pile wall was about half of the wall anchored with concrete bearing pads. Soil arching between the anchors in the horizontal direction was more effective in the soldier pile wall and the bending moment of the laggings in the soldier pile wall was considerably less than that of the anchorage with bearing pads.


Abstract: The routing schemes in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) systems are performed among the groups of different clusters. The node works for data aggregation from the source nodes and they also perform data dissemination and network management and events sensing and information collecting in the neighbourhood. Many clustering topologies have been proposed in recent years to localize the route within the cluster itself. In this work, it has been reviewed and compared these topologies to find out the network mechanism which is easier to manage and scalable for getting high quality response with respect to dynamics of the environment.


This study aimed to create a proto type system which employs an Embedded System using Raspberry Pi for observing the weather changes. This proto type discusses a monitoring system which gives information about environmental conditions on a more local level, the implementation area are categorize by industrial, home and office applications and briefly touches the technological advancements in monitoring the environment and bringing out the new scope in monitoring the current environment problems. The system could monitor surrounding weather conditions including humidity, temperature, soil moisture, rainfall and the light intensity. This prototype and comparative analysis of the environment system was applied in a sample agricultural farm. This prototype system was found to be comfortable for farmers for effectively monitoring the farm anywhere at any time, which results cost reduction, asset saving, and productive management in farming. The prototype system is developed using open source hardware Raspberry PI and WIFI which proves cost effective and having low power consumption. The sensors gather the data of various environmental parameters and provide it to Raspberry PI which act as a base station. The Raspberry PI then transmits the data using WIFI and the processed data will be displayed on laptop through accessing the server that is on the receiver side.


We've been awarded 3 out of 4 stars as a digital council in this year's Socitm Better Connected survey. This is up from 1 star from last year. The survey is the leading annual review of council websites across the country.


This paper introduces CCS (complementary canonical sliding window) representation which is an efficient class of the non-adjacent-form (NAF). The CCS representation is an extension of the complementary representation. The proposed algorithm for converting the integer from the binary representation to the CCS representation uses the complementary method, the canonical recoding method and the sliding window method consecutively. Using Markov chain, we proved that the average Hamming weight of the CCS representation is 80 39 39  w n for n-bit integer with window width w. In elliptic curve cryptosystem (ECC) implementation, the CCS representation is applied on the scalar multiplication to reduce the average number of the point addition/subtraction operation. Our analysis shows that the average Hamming weight of the CCS representation is reduced compared to other representations. Therefore, using the CCS representation in the scalar multiplication, the average number of the point addition/subtraction operation is reduced compared to other scalar multiplication algorithms considerably.


A license plate detection task (LPD) is an important stage in the License plate recognition (LPR) implementations for automated transport systems. This paper is focused on a theory behind various interest points (IPs) detectors and region descriptors often used in applications of image processing including the LPR apps among others. We have carried out wide analysis on behaviour of several selected detectors and descriptors listed here: Harris, Shi&Tomasi, MSER, FAST, SURF and BRISK. These algorithms have been implemented, tested and compared each other from a point of view of their stability and repeatability. Our experiments were performed on a license plate localization task and carried out over an extensive gallery of real vehicle images.


In all tetrapods examined thus far, the development and patterning of limbs require the activation of gene members of the HoxD cluster. In mammals, they are controlled by a complex bimodal regulation, which controls first the proximal patterning, then the distal structure, allowing at the same time the formation of the wrist and ankle articulations. We analyzed the implementation of this regulatory mechanism in chicken, i.e. in an animal where large morphological differences exist between fore-and hindlimbs. We report that while this bimodal regulation is globally conserved between mammals and avian, some important modifications evolved at least between these two model systems, in particular regarding the activity of specific enhancers, the width of the TAD boundary separating the two regulations and the comparison between the forelimb versus hindlimb regulatory controls. Some aspects of these regulations seem to be more conserved between chick and bats than with the mouse situation, which may relate to the extent to which forelimbs and hindlimbs of these various animals differ in their functions. AUTHOR SUMMARY The morphologies of limbs largely vary either amongst tetrapod species, or even between the fore-and hindlimbs of the same animal species. In order to try and evaluate whether variations in the complex regulation of Hoxd genes during limb development may contribute to these differences, we compared their transcriptional controls during both fore-and hindlimb buds development in either the mouse, or the chicken embryos. We combined transcriptome analyses with 3D genome conformation, histone modification profiles and mouse genetics and found that the regulatory mechanism underlying Hoxd gene expression was highly conserved in all contexts, though with some clear differences. For instance, we observed a variation in the TAD boundary interval between the mouse and the chick, as well as differences in the activity of a conserved enhancer element (CS93) situated within the T-DOM regulatory landscape. In contrast to the mouse, the chicken enhancer indeed displayed a stronger activity in fore-than in hindlimb buds, coinciding with the observed striking differences in the mRNA levels. Altogether, differences in both the timing and duration of TAD activities and in the width of their boundary may parallel the important decrease in Hoxd gene transcription in chick hindlimb versus forelimb buds. These differences may also account for the slightly distinct regulatory strategies implemented by mammals and birds at this locus, potentially leading to substantial morphological variations.


The 2003–2004 field season of the Dakhleh Oasis Project took place between 10th November, 2003 and 25th March, 2004. A total of 42 expedition members joined the field work at various times during the season. The expedition was based, for the second season, at our new headquarters at 'Ain el-Gindi, Sheikh Wali. It was our good fortune to have the Governor of the New Valley, General Medhat Abdel-Rahaman, present at the opening ceremony on 22nd January. Field work included surveying by geoarchaeologists, paleontologists and Egyptologists; excavations at Mut el-Kharab, Ismant el-Kharab, Amheida and el-Qasr. Site conservation work was accomplished at a number of sites – the Mamissi plaster at the Temple of Tutu at Ismant el-Kharab, the Bayt el-Qadi ('House of the Judge') at el-Qasr, the Roman sandstone temple at 'Ain Birbiyeh, and Roman period plaster decoration at Amheida. Special studies of Old Kingdom flint working, archaeobotany, papyrology, and physical anthropology also went forward.


Background: Depression among health professional students is a topic of concern. Often, it is associated with other unhealthy habits such as smoking. This study aimed to find the prevalence rate of depressive symptoms and smoking among applied medical science (AMS) students and their associations with each other. Methodology: In this descriptive-analytic, cross-sectional study, a stratified proportionate sampling strategy was used to select the study sample from the AMS school students, Saudi Arabia, during the academic year 2012–2013. The students were screened for depressive symptoms and smoking status using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI II) and a sociodemographic form, which included the smoking status. Results: The instruments were administered to 461 AMS students, representing 27.6% of the total school students (1672). Overall, 46% of the total sample (43% of males and 48% of females) had depressive symptoms. The rate of smoking currently was 11.5%, and it was much lower among female students (2.2%) as compared to their male counterparts (20.3%). There was a higher mean BDI score among current smokers compared to nonsmokers (P = 0.049). This association was statistically significant among the female students (P = 0.029) but not among the male students (P = 0.072). Conclusion: The rate of depressive symptoms in this study is alarmingly high. The association between the presence of depressive symptoms and smoking is in line with the literature on this topic. A qualitative study in this population is recommended to explore students' perception of the factors associated with smoking, depression, and stress and their coping strategies.


Efficacy of insecticides against spring generation crawlers of a pine needle scale was evaluated on heavily infested 2-m Scots pine growing in a Christmans tree plantation. Foliar sprays were applied with a KWH backpack mistblower operating at high rpm and delivering 900 ml of finished spray per minute. Each treatment was applied to four, single-tree replicates that received 900 ml each on 14 May under sunny skies at 26°C with a breeze of 6 to 10 kph. One week posttreatment, five infested needle fascicles were removed from each tree, and percent mortality was assessed with the aid of a binocular dissecting scope. Viability of the first 100 settled nymphs observed on at least three fascicles was recorded.


The effect of heating temperature,holding time and type of cooling on surface oxidation and decarburization of a newly developed spring steel for elastic bar of high speed railway was investigated in laboratory.The results show that with the growth of heating temperature between 800and 1 100 ℃,the depth of oxidation layer increases gradually below 1 050 ℃then increases sharply;the depth of decarburization layer increased and the speed is more and more faster;the ferritic decarburized depth of the spring steel increases firstly,then decreases and when the temperature is 900 ℃,it reaches the maximum.With the growth of the holding time in the range of 20-120min,the depth of oxidation and decarburization layer increases gradually.Compared with temperature,the holding time has smaller effect on the depth of oxidation.On the conditions including water-cooled,air-cooled and furnace-cooled,the depth of oxidation and decarburization cooled in water is smallest,followed by cooled in air and cooled in furnace is the most serious condition.So the greater the cooling rate,the smaller the depth of oxidation and decarburization.


An advanced analytical formulation to model the response of coplanar and stripline based broadband ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) for single and multilayer ferromagnetic films is presented. Several numerical examples are provided implementing the formulation. The model accounts for exchange interactions as well as exchange boundary conditions at the film surfaces and the film interfaces (in the case of multilayer films). The solutions to the Landau-Lifshitz equation and relevant Maxwell's equations are conducted in Fourier space and are transformed back to real space as required to ensure computational efficiency and to avoid length scale incompatibility due to the experiment geometry. This work presents several numerical examples pertaining to the effect of waveguide geometry and microwave eddy current shielding on the shape of coplanar and stripline FMR responses of single-layer ferromagnetic films. Additionally, the effect of microwave eddy current shielding and distance (dielectric spacer thickness) of...


This paper focuses on the effectiveness of the orientation process and cross-cultural training (CCT) and its impact on cross-cultural adjustment for the expatriate. The objective of the study on which this paper is based is to evaluate the effectiveness of the orientation process for expatriates and to determine the need for a separate orientation and culture training. By improving the orientation process and identifying a need for culture specific training, the company can thus eliminate relocation and replacement costs. The main objective of this research is to design a guideline for the implementation of a culture specific orientation process for the expatriate. This will be done based on the recommendations made by the respondents of the survey. The paper reviews different writings in the areas of cross-cultural training, cross-cultural adjustment, the orientation process and the expatriate. The study highlights specific issues regarding cultural training, assignment failure and success, and the expatriate experiences. The research is motivated by the need to reduce assignment failure and the subsequent costs associated with engaging expatriation, and ensure smooth transition into a new culture. The research methodology utilized was qualitative, based on structured questionnaires and personal interviews. The study attempts to recommend, based on the findings, a culture centered orientation process for the expatriate.


In this paper, we study non-Abelian Berry's connections in the parameter space of boundary conditions for Dirac zero modes on quantum graphs. We apply the ADHM construction, which is the method for constructing Yang–Mills instanton solutions, to the Berry's connections. Then we find that the instanton configurations appear as the Berry's connections.


Method and apparatus for treating the inside of blood vessels, various catheter designs, a method and apparatus for occluding a blood vessel, a method and apparatus for determining the location of the occlusion device, the location of the treatment device to the site of vascular tributary method and apparatus for determining, and a method and apparatus for dispensing a therapeutic agent.


A new spherical torus called VEST (Versatile Experiment Spherical Torus) is designed, constructed and successfully commissioned at Seoul National University. A unique design feature of the VEST is two partial solenoid coils installed at both vertical ends of a center stack, which can provide sufficient magnetic fluxes to initiate tokamak plasmas while keeping a low aspect ratio configuration in the central region. According to initial double null merging start-up scenario using the partial solenoid coils, appropriate power supplies for driving a toroidal field coil, outer poloidal field coils, and the partial solenoid coils are fabricated and successfully commissioned. For reliable start-up, a pre-ionization system with two cost-effective homemade magnetron power supplies is also prepared. In addition, magnetic and spectroscopic diagnostics with appropriate data acquisition and control systems are well prepared for initial operation of the device. The VEST is ready for tokamak plasma operation by completing and commissioning most of the designed components.


The introduction assesses the historiography of U.S. autoworkers and the United Auto Workers (UAW) in the post-WWII era, explains the methodology, especially the use of oral history and local newspapers as sources, and previews the argument that ordinary autoworkers in Detroit experienced the years from 1945-60 as an era of instability and insecurity, not as a postwar boom. This argument runs counter to most of the historical literature about the period.


A theoretical analysis is made of the conditions under which thermochemical bistability is observed in systems exhibiting reversible reactions and subjected to the action of laser radiation. The main features of the dynamics of closed chemical reactors (no mass exchange) and of critical phenomena in such systems are considered.


The purpose of this paper is to explore the symptom of fatigue in multiple sclerosis (MS). Previous papers in this journal have focused on general management (Maclean, 2006), exploratory measurement techniques (Warner, 2006) and patient education programmes aimed at improving self-care ability (Ward and Winters, 2003). This paper considers our evolving understanding of the pathophysiological concepts that might underpin the development of fatigue, the extent of the disabling impact of fatigue on people with MS as well as advances in the understanding of managing this clinical problem.


Abstract Objective To validate the content of an infant evaluation instrument based on the interventions proposed by the First Integral Health Week. Methods Methodological research developed in two phases: definition of the instrument variables and content validation. The application of the Delphi Technique was used with a minimum consensus level of 70%. To validate the internal consistency of the tool, the reliability estimator Cronbach's alpha and the estimator greatest lower bound were applied. Results The instrument was considered appropriate in [...]


Efficient investment programmes in touristic infrastructure have to take into consideration that any kind of tourism reduces the environmental quality. Since pollution shows negative repercussions as concerns the attractiveness of a touristic region, tourism planners have to determine a trade‐off between adequate services for tourists and a clean environment. To deal with this problem in a dynamic context, a three‐state optimal control model is formulated. It turns out that, even if pollution reduction is not a goal in itself, the profit‐maximizing tourism industry should care for ecological conservation. The paper further shows that persistent periodic investment policies are optimal for realistic parameter sets, and provides an economic intuition for such behaviour. From an economic point of view, this result implies that expansionary periods with high investment are followed by periods of stagnation with low investment. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Submitted for the MAR06 Meeting of The American Physical Society Elastic swimming II: Experiments TONY YU, ERIC LAUGA, ANETTE HOSOI, MIT — We consider the problem of swimming at low Reynolds number by oscillating an elastic filament in a viscous liquid, as investigated by Wiggins and Goldstein (1998, Phys Rev Lett). In this second part of the study, we present results of a series of experiments characterizing the performance of the propulsive mechanism. Eric Lauga Massachusetts Institute of Technology Date submitted: 29 Nov 2005 Electronic form version 1.4


Based on the caustic formation principle and stress distribution near crack tip of loaded specimen, the condition of caustic method for stress intesity factor determination was obtained. The condition is that the proportion of initial curve radius to specimen thickness is larger than 0.5. When the condition is satisfied, the stress intensity factor can be determined by caustic transvers dimension for optically iso-tropic material, as for birefringent material. If the case of front surface reflection is concerned, there is the same conclusion as above. If the case of rear surface reflection or penetration is concerned, the effect of far field nonsingular stress being neglected, the stress intensity factor can be approximately determined by caustic transvers dimension.


The characteristics and teaching status of specialized English for chemical engineering major were studied.Combining with the teaching practice of specialized English for chemical engineering major,and taking the advantages of the interactive teaching method,the standard of teaching can be improved.


A construction device (2) for a revetment (1), comprising a workboat (3), a connecting rack (4), a shore auxiliary support device (5), a lifting device (6), and a foundation construction device (7). The revetment (1) comprises walls (1-1) with the bottoms provided with chain cutters (8) during construction. The chain cutters (8) only excavate rock and soil at the bottom of the wall (1-1) and bring the excavated rock and soil to the upper part. One end of the connecting rack (4) is supported on the workboat (3), and the other end of the connecting rack (4) is supported on the device (5). The lifting device (6) is mounted on the connecting rack (4). The revetment (1) is provided with piles (1-2) having grooves among the walls (1-1), and two ends of each wall (1-1) are embedded in the grooves of the piles (1-2). Also disclosed is a construction method for the construction device (2) for the revetment (1).


The aim of this project is to find the correlation between turbulence intensity and acoustic noise level.
To achieve this aim a test was performed on the 5th of April 2012 in the acoustic laboratory of the Technical University of Łodź. In this project we are going to explain, how the test was performed, which data we obtained, and which results we got after having analyzed them.
The project has been divided into six parts. The first one is a little introduction. The second one is about sound and noise fundamentals. In this part we are going to talk about the noise and sound concept and about how to do the appropriate measurements.
Afterwards, at the third part, turbulence concept will be developed. This part has been divided into nine parts including the turbulence definition or how to measure turbulent flows.
In the fourth part, it is possible to find a general description about the test performed and the characteristics of the all equipment required.
Next part is the data analysis. In this part the data have been treated for finding the correlation later, in the next part. So, in the part sixth, the correlation between turbulence intensity and acoustic noise level has been found.
Finally, in the last part, the results have been interpreted.


The problem of optimal control of queueing systems with heterogeneous servers is solved using fuzzy logic. Two known and one new case are tackled. Simulation shows that this approach is efficient and promising.


The role of Grigory Alekseyevich Razuvaev in establishment of organometallic chemistry at the subdepartment of organic chemistry and chemistry department of Lobachevscky State University of Nizhny Novgorod is in arrangement of indissoluble connection between academic activity and scientific research work.


Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore and analyze the logics at work when companies decide what corporate features to communicate; which eventually also accounts for their corporate bran ...


One kind of fractal signals are signals that are derived from the theory of Brownian motion. Brownian motion is a random process, which has the properties of self-similarity. Mandelbrott obtained analytical expression describing the amplitude of fractal signal [1].


The development of new mathematical theory and its application in software systems for the solution of hard optimization problems have a long tradition in mathematical programming. In this tradition we implemented ABACUS, an object‐oriented software framework for branch‐and‐cut‐and‐price algorithms for the solution of mixed integer and combinatorial optimization problems. This paper discusses some difficulties in the implementation of branch‐and‐cut‐and‐price algorithms for combinatorial optimization problems and shows how they are managed by ABACUS. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The cross-linking reaction and gelation of 11S globulins from soybean (glycinin) and broad bean (legumin) by Ca2+-independent transglutaminase were studied. Analyses of the reaction products by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that only acidic subunits of both 11S globulins were polymerized through the formation of intermolecular crosslinkings by transglutaminase. Gel permeation chromatography analyses found that there were no significant differences in the molecular weight distribution profiles of reaction products between glycinin and legumin. These results suggest that the crosslinking reactions of glycinin and legumin by transglutaminase progress in similar ways. On the other hand, rheological analyses such as dynamic viscoelastic measurements and compression tests indicated that gelation proceeded more rapidly and the values of hardness of formed gels were higher for glycinin compared with legumin. The water-holding capacity of the gels was significantly higher in t...


The mechanisms underlying the development of symptoms in response to virus infection remain to be discovered in plants. Insight into symptoms induced by potyviruses comes from evidence implicating the potyviral HC-Pro protein in symptom development. In particular, recent studies link the development of symptoms in infected plants to HC-Pro's ability to interfere with small RNA metabolism and function in plant hosts. Moreover, mutation of the highly conserved FRNK amino acid motif to FINK in the HC-Pro of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) converts a severe strain into an asymptomatic strain, but does not affect virus accumulation in cucurbit hosts. The ability of this FINK mutation to uncouple symptoms from virus accumulation creates a unique opportunity to study symptom etiology, which is usually confounded by simultaneous attenuation of both symptoms and virus accumulation. Our goal was to determine how mutations in the conserved FRNK motif affect host responses to potyvirus infection in cucurbits and Arabidopsis thaliana. Our first objective was to define those amino acids in the FRNK motif that are required for symptoms by mutating the FRNK motif in ZYMV and Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). Symptom expression and accumulation of resulting mutant viruses in cucurbits and Arabidopsis was determined. Our second objective was to identify plant genes associated with virus disease symptoms by profiling gene expression in cucurbits and Arabidopsis in response to mutant and wild type ZYMV and TuMV, respectively. Genes from the two host species that are differentially expressed led us to focus on a subset of genes that are expected to be involved in symptom expression. Our third objective was to determine the functions of small RNA species in response to mutant and wild type HC-Pro protein expression by monitoring the accumulation of small RNAs and their targets in Arabidopsis and cucurbit plants infected with wild type and mutant TuMV and ZYMV, respectively. We have found that the maintenance of the charge of the amino acids in the FRNK motif of HC-Pro is required for symptom expression. Reduced charge (FRNA, FRNL) lessen virus symptoms, and maintain the suppression of RNA silencing. The FRNK motif is involved in binding of small RNA species including microRNAs (miRNA) and short interfering RNAs (siRNA). This binding activity mediated by the FRNK motif has a role in protecting the viral genome from degradation by the host RNA silencing system. However, it also provides a mechanism by which the FRNK motif participates in inducing the symptoms of viral infection. Small RNA species, such as miRNA and siRNA, can regulate the functions of plant genes that affect plant growth and development. Thus, this binding activity suggests a mechanism by which ZYMVHC-Pro can interfere with plant development resulting in disease symptoms. Because the host genes regulated by small RNAs are known, we have identified candidate host genes that are expected to play a role in symptoms when their regulation is disrupted during viral infections. As a result of this work, we have a better understanding of the FRNK amino acid motif of HC-Pro and its contribution to the functions of HC-Pro, and we have identified plant genes that potentially contribute to symptoms of virus infected plants when their expression becomes misregulated during potyviral infections. The results set the stage to establish the roles of specific host genes in viral pathogenicity. The potential benefits include the development of novel strategies for controlling diseases caused by viruses, methods to ensure stable expression of transgenes in genetically improved crops, and improved potyvirus vectors for expression of proteins or peptides in plants.


Background: Chronic vulvar pruritus has been a most distressing physical and sociologic disorder for many patients, as well as for their physicians. Potent topical steroids are the conventional therapy for this distressing condition. Side effects or steroid resistance can be encountered. A second‐line therapy is required. Objectives: A single‐centre, non‐controlled, open‐label study was designed to assess the efficacy of topical pimecrolimus in the treatment of chronic vulvar pruritus. Methods: Fifteen married adult women with symptoms of vulvar pruritus ⩾4 months were included in the study. The patients did not have any relief with topical steroids. There were no objective physical findings. Topical pimecrolimus 1% cream (Elidel cream®, Novartis) was applied twice daily to the vulvar region. Patients were followed up 4 weeks later. After the trial was stopped, the patients remained in regular review for 3 months. Results: Thirteen patients tolerated pimecrolimus. They showed a clinical response within 2–4 weeks. Ten patients showed a complete response, three showed a partial response. After the trial had stopped, the patients with complete response were followed‐up by telephone for another 3 months, and were found to be in remission. Conclusions: We found that topical pimecrolimus provides relief for chronic vulvar pruritus. Pimecrolimus can be chosen as the second‐line therapy in patients with vulvar pruritus.


Abstract Background. We report long-term outcomes in adult patients with craniopharyngioma following surgery and radiation therapy (RT). Material and methods. Fifty-three patients treated with RT (median, 50 Gy in 25 fractions) between 1980 and 2009 with pathologically confirmed craniopharyngioma were reviewed (53% solid and 47% cystic/solid). The median age was 53 years (range, 22–76), 53% were female, 83% were sub-totally resected, 6% were gross totally resected and 11% had a biopsy and/or cyst aspiration alone. RT was delivered adjuvantly in 53% of patients as opposed to salvage intent upon progression. Results. Median follow-up was seven years (86 months, range, 8–259). The 5- and 10-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 85% and 69%, overall survival (OS) rates were 76% and 70%, and cause-specific survival (CSS) rates were both 88%, respectively. Both univariable and multivariable analysis identified age (<53 or ≥53) as a prognostic factor for OS (p =0.0003) and CSS (p =0.05). PFS was observed to be worse in patients with >2 surgeries prior to RT (p =0.01). Neither the intent of radiation or tumor type (cystic vs. solid/cystic) were prognostic or predictive. New endocrinopathies and visual dysfunction were observed in 53% and 17% of patients post-surgery, and in 11% and 6% post-RT, respectively. Conclusion. We report long-term favorable PFS, CSS and OS for craniopharyngioma post-RT. We observe age as a significant prognostic factor, however, timing of radiation was not.


This article starts from the premise that the sovereignty of traditional typology (murderous typology) operates a discourse of segmentalization and exerts a rapport of exclusivity between [Tanakh-New Testament], thus placing the Holy Book of Islam hors-scène at the very heart of the religions of the Book [Tanakh-New Testament; Qu'ran]. This article attempts therefore to envisage a holistic typology so as to open up both the Scriptures and the (manifestly Judaeo-Christian) Miltonic corpus to quranic theology. Without denying dogmas and doctrines, it will here be a question not just of reading ethically (Areopagitica), but also of detecting the moments-traces of retention and protension in Milton (Nativity Ode), which point towards encounters, and converge to the faith of the Other revealed in the Qu'ran.


The array capacitor for use with an integrated circuit (IC) mounted on the IC package will be described. The array capacitor is a plurality of second conductive layers (202, 204, ...) a plurality of first conductive layers (201, 203, ...) and the adjacent conductive layer a plurality of dielectric layers (211-220) separating embedded in It includes. The array capacitor includes a first conductive layer electrically connected to the first plurality of conductive vias for the (331, 333, ...) and a second conductive layer electrically connected to the second plurality of conductive vias for (334, 336, ...) the further it included. The array capacitor is composed of an opening (155, 371, 372, 373) to the pin 135 from the IC package 120 to pass through is provided. An integrated circuit (IC), IC package and the array capacitor


Context Patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are majorly prescribed inhaled medications. This prescription is based on their efficacy and few adverse effects. Aim The study intends to evaluate metered-dose inhaler (MDI) administration technique among patients of asthma and COPD in Saudi Arabia. Settings and design A retrospective, cross-sectional observational design was used, and it was performed at the chest out-patient clinic at King Faisal Medical Complex, Taif, Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods A total of 144 Saudi patients who were diagnosed either for asthma and COPD were included. It also included patients with prescribed inhalation agents in the form of MDI. Statistical analysis IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 23.0. was used. Demographic characteristics were presented in the form of percentages and frequencies, whereas descriptive statistics were also applied. The significance value was determined at P value less than or equal to 0.05. Results Patients with asthma majorly used MDI technique, had unlimited attacks per month, and had experienced less than five attacks per month. The demographic evaluation showed that sex and age are insignificantly related to the use of MDI. However, education, medical diagnosis, number of asthmatic attacks per month, and duration of the MDI use were significantly related to the proper use of the MDI technique. Conclusion The findings of the study recommend that although patients were aware of the correct use, more training needs to be initiated. Educational intervention programs should be initiated for improving the MDI technique use among patients.


During the World War II, John H.D Rabe, a Nazis German business man, saved hundreds thousands of Chinese under the gun of Japanese army during the Rape of Nanking. The article aim to answer the question: Why, John Rabe, stood as the opposite of Japan—German's ally, risked his life to save those Chinese? Through reading and analyzing Rabe's diaries, we may conclude that there are several explanations which related to his political position, life experience in China, love of Chinese culture, and personal ties for the question. War is a game of inhumanity, cruelty and indifference. Even in these dark times, there is a humanist who maintains his reverence for life and his cultural zeal, and who stands firm at the point of a gun, even at the cost of risking his life.


The photovoltaic (PV) solar system is one of the alternative and green energy used for
generating the electricity. Several beneficial offered by the PV system are reduce gas
emissions into atmosphere, lower operating and maintenance costs, easy to install and no noise
pollution without using any moving part. However, some issues arise due to installation of PV
to the distribution system such as power quality problems. Thus, this project aims to study the
impact of PV on harmonic distortion. Two type of PV are considered in this project, which are
Mono-Crystalline and Heterojunction (HIT) PV system. These two PV systems were installed
at the Universiti Teknikal Melaka Malaysia (UTeM) area. All the measurement of the impact
PV fluctuation and harmonic distortion has been conducted by using the Power Quality
Analyzer 435 Fluke Meter and aided with solar monitoring system data lodge. This process
provides the necessary results for solar irradiation, voltage, current and power generated
profiles. The outcomes of this project show that the power generates and the current profile of
the PV system will always depends on the solar irradiation. Meanwhile, for the voltage and
harmonic profiles of the PV system are not reflecting much with the solar irradiation
fluctuates. The value of the voltage and current harmonic output from both PV are complies
with IEEE standard.


The objective of this work was to evaluate resprouting features and mortality in Cerrado woody plants after annual controlled fires (in 1998, 1999 and 2000) in a campo sujo area (an open savanna physiognomy) of 2500 m 2 at the Reserva Ecologica do IBGE, Brasilia-DF, Brazil. The area was protected against fire for 23 years prior to the fires. All plants of the woody layer with diameter larger than 2.0 cm at 30 cm from soil level were tagged and identified. At about one year after each controlled fire the damage type and the number of basal and underground sprouts for each individual were recorded. Stem diameter and height were measured for each marked sprout. A total of 1307 sprouts were tagged and measured. The main impact of fire on resprouting was a decrease in the number of new sprouts after each controlled fire: 684 sprouts after the first burning to 248 after the third burning. Mortality of sprouts was 34.8% and 37.8% after the 1999 and 2000 fires. A decrease in the number of sprouts with a diameter smaller than 1.0 cm after the successive fires was also observed, indicating that fires at one-year intervals resulted in alterations in the structure of the woody vegetation in the area. The species mortality rates were higher after the first controlled fire. However, it seems that there is no relation between sprouting capacity and species survival. The species that show mortality rates lower than 10% also showed a variety of sprouting capacity.


This chapter concerns the establishment of a Constitutional Jury. It distinguishes between two types of constitutional violations: one committed by subordinate officials (actes responsables), the other by independent officials. Violations by subordinates can be addressed by ordinary courts, and therefore do not fall under the purview of the Constitutional Jury. There are different sorts of independent officials. When they overstep the bounds of the authority with which they have been entrusted, or fail to conform to the regulations to which they are subject, they violate the constitution. Such an event can be very serious, and may indeed endanger the entire political order. Subordinate officials, too, may act in violation of the constitution while exercising their functions. They can do so in two different ways, either by abusing power within the scope of their jurisdiction, or by overstepping their jurisdictional bounds altogether. Keywords: constitution; Constitutional Jury; jurisdiction; political order; violation


During FY2002, the CART turbine and controller were developed and commissioned. This included developing and checking out the protection and operational control systems. More than 50 hours of data were collected in constant and variable-speed modes. A new strategy, which underwent limited testing on the machine, was created for avoiding tower resonance. All the data from the checkout through the operational periods were organized, archived, and backed up.


Biopore Infiltration Hole (LRB) is an alternative and simple technology for rainwater infiltration that can be useful as a processor for organic waste from households and can be applied in narrow urban residential areas such as in Kota Bambu Selatan (KBS) Sub-district. LRB technology in general is to reduce water inundation, increase groundwater reserves, and reduce the volume of organic waste. Therefore, the Community Service Program of the Environmental Engineering Study Program has the aim of providing counseling and training to PPSU officers (Public Facilities and Infrastructure Handling  Workers) of KBS Sub-district in implementing LRB in accordance with technical requirements without impacting groundwater pollution.  The method used was to provide LRB educational materials aimed at the community, especially PPSU officers through direct explanations, educational posters and brochures. The current condition is that KBS Sub-district already has LRB at several points in 2017, however it got some technical problems such as pipe size is too small, namely 7.5 cm (minimum pipe diameter requirement is 10 cm); there is dredging activity, there is no top cover so that small animals often enter, and in some locations there is often stagnant water.


A security system for an external data storage device and a method for controlling the same are provided to prevent a leakage of important data by others due to loss of the external data storage device and careless management, and maintain security in case that the external data storage device is mounted at other data terminals, thereby preventing a leakage of data or damage of data in advance, and safely protecting data of users. A data storing unit(10) stores data. A fast serial bus(70) connects a data terminal(80) reading and writing the data stored in the data storing unit, with the data storing unit. A key input unit(30) converts a password inputted by operation of a user into electric signals, and outputs the converted password. A memory(44) stores the password inputted from the key input unit. A control circuit(40) compares the password inputted from the key input unit with a set password stored on the memory to drive the data storing unit. The control circuit rearranges storage sectors of the data storing unit when the data terminal is connected, with a password error or without input of the password.


water manometer with varying flows of oxygen being introduced at one end. The tubes were all 1.5 m in length. The results are in the Figure. At low flows, the differences between the various tubes were not of great clinical significance, but at higher flows the differences were marked. At all flows the 15mm smooth bore tubing offered the least resistance. The Bain tubing offered a little more resistance, but significantly less than the Lack. The corrugated 15mm tubing offered significantly more resistance than any of the other tubes, confirming the subjective observations. The possibility of high airway pressure is thus greatest with corrugated tubing. Thus a t a flow of 45 Lmin-', which Murphy and Rabey were using with the ADE system with the Penlon ventilator (equivalent a setting of 750 mI.s-'), the resistance to flow through the corrugated tubing would be 68 mmH,O. Murphy and Rabey d o not state what type of tubing was being used, but the different flow characteristics of various tubing may explain the failure of the IDP alarm. It is thus possible that if corrugated 15 mm tubing was used, the extra resistance, when added to the total flow resistance through a Penlon ventilator, could cause an IPD ventilator alarm failure. When using smooth bore tubing I could not reproduce the problem described by Murphy and Rabey. In conclusion, only smooth bore 15 mm tubing can be recommended as acceptable as a universal tubing for the ADE system. As resistance is directly proportional to length, the use of two lengths (3 m) is acceptable, provided the function of any disconnect alarm is checked. The use of corrugated 15 mm is unsuitable for adults, though it remains suitable for children.


This paper investigates the Transmission Loss (TL) of compressor suction mufflers. The small diameters of the inlet and outlet tubes cause practical problems for the experimental measurement of the TL. A numerical analysis of the TL is performed to predict the muffler efficiency. The literature presents different techniques to obtain the transmission loss experimentally, such as the decomposition method, the two-source method, the two-load method and the transfer matrix method. The aim of this work is to present a numerical and experimental investigation of the transmission loss of a simple expansion chamber and a compressor muffler. Numerical results obtained using the Finite Element Method (FEM) are compared with experimental results. The experimental apparatus consists of a sound source and four microphone probes that are used due to the small diameters of the inlet and outlet tubes of the compressor muffler. Both numerical and experimental results present inaccuracies due to the limitations of the numerical model and the experimental set-up. The combined analysis shows the validity and the limitations of both numerical and experimental methodologies.


Objective:To investigate and analyze the surgical treatment of tibia and fibula to smash open fractures of the clinical efficacy and summarize its clinical value.Methods:A retrospective analysis with a complete clinical data from October 2008 to October 2010 to the tibia and fibula of our hospital smash open fractures in patients 36 cases were randomly divided into observation group and control group,each group of 18 patients with The patients in the control group were treated with compression plate for treatment,observation group were treated with interlocking intramedullary nail for treatment.Results:The observation and follow-up to observe the group of patients with ambulation time was(3.5±0.8)weeks,fracture healing time was(3.2±0.6),nonunion and wound infections.Ambulation of patients with control group activity time was(7.2±1.8) weeks,fracture healing time was(5.8±1.1)months,nonunion patients had three cases and four cases of wound infection in patients by statistical tests,two groups of patients with ambulation,fractures healing time,bone nonunion,wound infection,had significant difference(P0.05).Observation curative effect was better than control groups.Conclusion:Interlocking intramedullary nailing in the treatment of tibia and fibula comminuted significant effect,safe and reliable is one of the effective way to smash open fractures of tibia and fibula,is worthy of clinical reference and promotion.


This study examined impact of IFRS disclosure financial reporting standards and disclosure on organization's performance. Secondary data obtained from annual reports of listed organization for ten years (2011-2020) was analyzed. Regression analysis was used in order to check the relationship between the variables. Findings indicate that there was a statistically significant relationship between cash flow and organization's performance in financial reporting, Earnings per share impacted organization's performance negatively. The variables NCF, EPS, ROE caused a variation of 98.2% in organizational performance as disclosure during financial reporting. Therefore, the results showed that financial reporting standards have significant influence on organizational performance. It recommended that managers' voluntary and fuller disclosure for the purpose of obtaining capital from investors but also because financial reporting disclosure of information increases transparency and accountability and reliability in annual reports.


Our objective was to investigate the impact of inter‐vendor variability in the ability of myocardial strain analysis to detect acute cellular rejection (ACR) in heart transplant recipients.


A combined method of producing low-octane gasoline and high-octane gasoline, in the distillation of petroleum or petroleum distillation gas oil, the extraction point a fine liquid fractionation, extraction fraction narrow temperature range, the C6-C12 (if necessary, may be extended to the C5-C14) individually extracted component with a high content of high-octane components of high octane content low, then the low octane group synthesized low compression ignition packet octane gasoline products, the synthesis of high-octane group of packets high octane gasoline products. Each of the remaining fraction, respectively, in accordance with its complement into the octane level of the low octane gasoline or into high-octane gasoline. Low octane gasoline for a compression ignition type gasoline engine, high-octane gasoline for spark ignition gasoline engines.