The moisture diffusion behaviors of 3D woven composites exhibit non-Fickian properties when they are exposed to a hydrothermal environment. Although some experimental works have been undertaken to investigate this phenomenon, very few mathematical works on non-Fickian moisture diffusion predictions of 3D woven composites are available in the literature. To capture the non-Fickian behavior of moisture diffusion in 3D woven composites, this study first utilized a time fractional diffusion equation to derive the percentage of moisture content of a homogeneous material under hydrothermal conditions. A two-stage moisture diffusion model was subsequently developed based on the moisture diffusion mechanics of both neat resin and 3D woven composites, which describes the initial fast diffusion and the long-term slow diffusion stages. Notably, the model incorporated fractional order parameters to account for the nonlinear property of moisture diffusion in composites. Finally, the weight gain curves of neat resin and the 3D woven composite were calculated to verify the fractional diffusion model, and the predicted moisture uptake curves were all in good agreement with the experimental results. It is important to note that when the fractional order parameter α < 1, the initial moisture uptake will become larger with a later slow down process. This phenomenon can better describe non-Fickian behavior caused by initial voids or complicated structures.


The reactions of low-spin complexes [CoIIL3][ClO4]2·H2O 1 [L = 2-(arylazo)pyridine, (R)C6H4NNC5H4N (R = H, o-Me/Cl, m-Me/Cl or p-Me/Cl] with m-chloroperbenzoic acid (m-ClC6H4CO3H) in acetonitrile solvent at room temperature resulted in low-spin [CoIIIL′2]ClO4·H2O 2 [L′ = o-OC6H3(R)NNC5H4N]. In complexes 2 the o-carbon–hydrogen bond of the pendant phenyl ring of both parent ligands L has been selectively and spontaneously hydroxylated. During the transformation of 1 to 2 the metal ion is oxidised from the starting CoII to CoIII. The meridional configuration (cis-trans-cis with respect to the oxygen, azo and pyridine nitrogens respectively) of complexes 2 has been established by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. When one methyl or chloro group was present at the meta position of the pendant phenyl ring of L the reaction resulted in two isomeric complexes due to free rotation of the singly bonded meta-substituted phenyl ring with respect to the azo group. In acetonitrile solvent, complexes 2 systematically display one d–d transition (1A1g → 1T1g) near 850 nm, two metal to ligand charge-transfer transitions in the visible region and intraligand transitions in the UV region. In acetonitrile solution all complexes 2 exhibit irreversible CoIII → CoIV oxidation near 2 V and reversible CoIII ⇌ CoII reduction near 0.0 V versus Ag–AgCl. The ligand-based expected four azo (NN) reductions are observed sequentially for all the complexes at the negative side of the reference Ag–AgCl. Complexes 2 can be quantitatively and stereoretentively reduced to the low-spin cobalt(II) congeners, [CoIIL′2] 2– electrochemically as well as chemically by using hydrazine hydrate. These complexes display eight-line EPR spectra in acetonitrile solution at 77 K. Complex 2a– exhibits a ligand to metal charge-transfer transition at 534 nm and intraligand transition at 345 nm. Two possible d–d transitions, 2E → 2T1 and 2E → 2T2 are observed at 700 and 800 nm respectively.


A dynamical recurrent neural network,i.e,Elman neural network,has been used to predict vacuum in the condenser,through calculation in real example,it shows that the said method can more accurately predict vacuum in the condenser,and boasting features of high training speed,simple structure,and high accuracy,being an effective and feasible prediction method.At the same time,owing to occurrence of partial minimum values in back propagation(BP) algorithm,a method for optimizing the connecting weight value coefficient of Elman neural network has been put forward by using the global optimization capability of particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm.Results of emulation show that a model for more accurately predicting vacuum in the condenser can be established by using the PSO algorithm and Elman neural network.


To the Editor.— A 40-year-old man was suffering from recurrent stomatitis for 26 years. He was treated by his family doctor with oral disinfectants, liver extract, vitamin B complex, and antibiotics, without any success. His family doctor told him that the disease was incurable. The cause of the stomatitis was not known. Often, he could not enjoy his food, and he sometimes had difficulty in speaking. When one side of the mouth or tongue began to heal, then blisters began to appear on the other side of the mouth. The condition persisted. It is known that enteroviruses, herpes simplex, and vaccinia virus which are pretreated with neutral red are inactivated photodynamically. 1 The patient was advised to use 0.8% neutral red solution with subsequent exposure to white light. Every evening, he applied the neutral red solution to his mouth with a swab (dye was easily taken up by


One can make general and specific comments about this book and I will do both. First, for a text that combines a set of writings about the phenomenon of outsourcing, this text is very diverse. Many of the topics covered are unusual for a book on outsourcing. These include the chapters dealing with law and intellectual property, the technology acceptance model, healthcare, media, prisons, and modeling systems and processes for effective outsourcing. It has two chapters of interest for academics regarding curriculum and how future research should proceed. One sees other books that cover the topics of risk, India versus other countries as destinations for outsourcing, and so forth, but the combination of such essential topics and the unusual topics I just cited makes this book special. I also like the organization of the book around the theme of the 24-hour knowledge factory. This theme is picked up in many of the chapters and its vision colors how one interprets the future of this possibly strong trend. If work can be handed off around the world, it can be accomplished in the least possible time, with all things being equal. This extremely efficient organization of work could also lead to the strengthening of relationships among partners. Although, it clearly also raises the risk of failure since the richness of the cues available through the telecommunications channels cannot always be high. This can lead to miscommunications and possible breakdowns in the smooth flow of work around the globe. Specific comments on the chapters of the book can begin with the initial chapter on the 24-hour knowledge factory. Here a case study of IBM workers that are both distributed spacially and co-located shows that, indeed, these teams operate differently. The hand off of work was organized for the specially-distributed teams via tools and these teams turned out to be very task-driven. The next chapter looks at international trade agreement, the law, and IP issues. I have never thought of outsourcing in terms of whether a country might want to restrict such trade (such as by raising tariffs or setting quotas) and so this was an interesting perspective. Likewise, the high level reading of IP laws and controls Outsourcing and Offshoring of Professional Services


In this paper, we describe a model based on a spatial distribution of point sources, called 'DPSM' (Distributed Point Sources Method), applied to magnetic and ultrasonic sensors modelling. Magnetic and acoustic fields are theoretically generated for two types of sensors. The sensor surface is discretized into a finite number of elemental surfaces. A point source is placed at the centroid position of every elemental surface. Point source strength is proportional to the elemental surface area for acoustic sensors and it is obtained by inverting a matrix to satisfy the equipotential boundary conditions for magnetic sensors. Total field is computed at a given point by adding fields generated by all sources. The main difference between the magnetic and acoustic field modelling is that for a magnetic sensor the magnetic potential remains constant on the sensor surface and the magnetic flux varies from point to point, while for the acoustic sensor the particle velocity remains constant on the sensor surface and the acoustic pressure varies. This difference causes an additional matrix inversion in the magnetic field modeling, which is not necessary for the acoustic field modeling. Like other numerical modeling schemes, accuracy of the computation depends on the sensor surface discretization or mesh generation. Effect of the spacing between two neighboring point sources on the accuracy of the field computation is studied and the optimum spacing for accurate numerical computation is given. For accurately modelling acoustic fields the spacing between two neighboring sources should be less than the acoustic wavelength. Flat sensors with circular and rectangular cross-sections as well as point focused concave sensors have been modelled by this technique.


Active magnetic bearings (AMBs) are widely applied because of its advantages, the bearing forces are actively controlled by means of electromagnets, a feedback control loop, sensors and power amplifiers.1–3 In recent research, PID as a mature and effective algorithm is commonly used in magnetic bearing system, and the bearing stiffness is assumed as a constant, which is not affected by rotor frequency for PID controller design.4,5 Nevertheless, the impact of considerable decrease of AMB stiffness caused by eddy current on system cannot be ignored. Le Yun6 studied the influence of eddy current on the dynamic stiffness of the radial differential magnetic bearing with laminated structure, and optimized the structural parameters. Whereas the dynamic stiffness is not considered into control system. For controller design, PID parameters tuning method is significant and the on-line tuning strategy is usually used in industrial debugging. It is obviously that on-line tuning method is hard to take under the highfrequency situation. Therefore, establishing a theoretical standard for PID parameters tuning based on AMB dynamic stiffness is necessary.


A system for detecting and locating user-specified search strings, or phrases, in lines of imaged text is described. The phrases may be single words or multiple words, and may contain a partially specified word. The imaged text can be composed of a number of different fonts and graphics. Textlines in a deskewed image are hypothesized using multiresolution morphology. For each textline, the baseline, topline and x-height are identified by simple statistical methods and then used to normalize each textline bounding box. Columns of pixels in the resulting bounding box serve as feature vectors. One hidden Markov model is created for each user-specified phrase and another represents all text and graphics other than the user-specified phrases. Phrases are identified using Viterbi decoding on a spotting network created from the models. The operating point of the system can be varied to trade off the percentage of words correctly spotted and the percentage of false alarms. Results are given using a subset of the UW English Document Image Database I.


Students who reside in residence halls have the opportunity for personal and community development by living, v/orking, and learning together with other residents. The resident advisor (or resident assistant) serves a crucial role in establishing, facilitating, cultivating, and maintaining an environment for personal and community development for their residents. Of the responsibilities performed by resident advisors, an important responsibility is getting to know residents on an individual level by developing effective interpersonal relationships with their student advisees (St. Onge, Nestor, Peter, & Robertson, 2003). In general, to demonstrate interest in others and develop effective interpersonal relationships, people must communicate well. This is contingent on the ability to correctly interpret, recognize and understand the emotions of others (DeVito, 2001; Knapp, 1999; Nowicki & Duke, 1994). This study attempts to demonstrate the importance of identifying emotions in facial expressions in resident advisor performance because forming interpersonal relationships with student advisees is an important responsibility of resident advisors. The purpose of this article is to examine whether effective resident advisors are more capable of correctly identifying facial expressions of emotion in others. We first demonstrate the importance of interpersonal relationships in the resident advisor role. We then describe how recognition of nonverbal communication is important in fostering and building interpersonal relationships between resident advisors and their residents. Next, we detail our study and the results. We then discuss our findings and limitations. We end by drawing implications and suggestions for future research surrounding nonverbal communication in a population of resident advisors, and recommend how our results can be integrated in the practice and training of resident advisors.


Although about two-fifths of advertisements contained some reference to party policy proposals, few ads provided comparisons between the issue positions favored by the leading parties.ls Information that would allow voters to compare the general policy directions or ideological preferences of the leading parties was also virtually absent from campaign advertising. In general, parties tended to promote their own virtues in terms of a favorable presentation of their leader, policies, or governing record. Less than one-third of advertisements contained explicit criticism of another party or its leader and only about one-sixth of the advertisements contained any criticism of the policy proposals or past policy actions of another party. Because the incumbent party usually devoted more attention to extolling its past accomplishments than presenting its policy proposals and because the two leading parties rarely presented opposing views on policy questions, voters could not usually gain the information needed t o examine party policy positions by comparing the advertisements of different parties.


Trivalent terbium possesses eight 4f electrons and is a non-Kramers ion. This typically engenders it with a complicated crystalline electric ield (CEF) spectrum when incorporated into solids, and it can appear as either magnetic or non-magnetic, depending on its precise environment within the material. Nonetheless, much interest has focused on frustrated Tb-based magnets, and, for example, Tb2Ti2O7 was the irst magnet proposed as a quantum spin ice candidate, based on virtual CEF transitions. I'll discuss our recent neutron scattering work on Tb in a two dimensional triangular architecture in TbInO3 as well as in a three dimensional pyrochlore architecture in cubic Tb2Ge2O7, which display novel spin liquid and spin ice states at low temperature.


We study the 2D creeping flow of a viscous incompressible fluid through and tangentially to a thin filter. The flow is governed by given pressure drops in horizontal and vertical directions. Filter consists of periodically placed perforations of the typical size . The filter thickness is of the same order. By employing the boundary layer technique due to W. Jager and A. Mikelic, we obtain the effective model with the interface law . The approximation is rigorously justified by obtaining the error estimates for the velocity and the pressure . c 2003 Academie des sciences/´ Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS Equations efficaces dl'´


In this communication, we show that off-axis digital holography combined to phase-shifting acquisition of holograms is an effective microscopic tool to fully localize, in three dimensions, transmembrane receptors of living cells tagged with Gold nanocolloids. Gold nanoparticles, known for their interesting optical properties as well as for their noncytotoxicity are used here as biomarkers to target the cellular receptors.


Objective:To discuss the quantitative assessment of postural control in patients with stroke using Smart Equitest balance master system.Method:Twenty-eight patients with 1 to 6 months post-stroke were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group with 14 subjects in each group.Balance training with balance master system was used in the treatment group.Traditional balance training was used in the control group.Two groups received interventions 20min per time,5 times per week.Subjects were assessed using the sensory organization test(SOT)、limit of stability(LOS) and walking across test before and after 2 weeks of treatment.Result:The scores for the terms of EOSS、ECSS、SVSS in SOT test showed significant improvement post-treatment than pre-treatment and control group.The terms of EPE and DCL in LOS test showed significant improvement post-treatment than pre-treatment and control group.The step length and velocity in walking across test showed significant improvement post-treatment than pre-treatment and control group.Conclusion:Dynamic balance training can significantly improve the postural control in patients with stroke,improve the abilities of the sensation(especially the vestibular system) and motor systems based on the task-oriented and significantly improve walking ability in patients with hemiplegia simultaneously.


In this paper, a manifestation of the well-known color confinement from the QCD (quantum chromodynamics) in the newly developed YY model for the atomic nucleus is presented. There is a wonderful correspondence between the structural requirements from the YY model and some elementary properties of the color dynamics from QCD. The open questions in the YY model, namely the holding forces for triple nodes and for pairing space links, are exactly covered by the three-color compensation or by the paired color anti-color balance. We will see what colors and anti-colors do mean in the YY model, how up quarks and down quarks get assigned a color or anti-color. We will discover some relationships between gluon-based interactions as described in the standard model and pairing space links in the YY model.


HIS special section of the Journal of Aircraft is devoted to recent advances in aerodynamic decelerator systems technology. Parachute systems are often taken for granted. As will be seen in this section, the controlled deceleration of a payload is a vital part of many aerospace missions that involves signie cant technological challenges and creative engineering solutions. These diverse challenges are highlighted by e ve papers that cover parafoil systems, computer simulation, guidance and control, design and testing, and aerodynamic modeling. Anoverviewof theNASAX-38 CrewReturnVehicle (CRV)programisgivenbyMachinetal.ThechallengeconfrontingNASAwas to develop a robust emergency return vehicle for seven crew members aboard the International Space Station (ISS). Their solution utilizes a three stage decelerator system (pilot, drogue, and parafoil parachutes) as the primary recovery system. A novel parafoil with a span of 121.5 ft. and chord of 45 ft. is used with an autonomous Guidance, Navigation and Control (GNC) system to maneuver and land the 15,000 lb. CRV. Stein et al. present the state-of-the-art in computer simulation of parachutesystems.Here,itisnecessarytomodelthecoupledbehavior of the parachute system and the surrounding air e ow which are both highly transient and nonlinear. To capture this complex behavior, large-scale e nite element models are used that are executed on massively parallel computers.The results from these computer simulations provide a predictive capability to understand the complex dynamic behavior of parachute systems and supplement information obtained by full scale drop tests which are expensive and time consuming to perform. Another major challenge in parachute system design is to accurately and reliably deliver the payload to a specie c landing point with limited knowledge of prevailing wind conditions. Dellicker et al. describe a novel approach to accomplish this task. The AGAS system utilizes four Pneumatic Muscle Actuators (PMAs) as the parachute risers to control the system trajectory. The parachute is maneuvered by changing the lengths of the PMAs which are controlled by a GNC ssytem is response to the current and planned e ight trajectories. The paper by Heindel and Wolf illustrates the stringent mission requirements that are frequently faced by parachute system designers and presents their design solution and results from full scale prototype drop testing. In this mission, a long-duration stable descent is required for an air launched missile system. The design utilizes a cluster of four reefed G12 parachutes with two additional ringslot parachutes for stabilization. Following the initial design, a progressive series of drop tests were performed to evaluate and modify the design. Finally, in the paper by Potvin et al., the aerodynamics of parachute ine ation is addressed using a theoretical approach that is validated with experimental data. The parachute ine ation phase is of critical importance in parachute design but is still not well understood. The fundamental work presented here gives a simple yet comprehensive tool to simulate the ine ation of parachutes that include " sliders" . Sliders are commonly used on the parachute suspension lines to control the opening shock during ine ation.


The former Soviet Union's collapsing infrastructure has left doctors powerless in the face of an epidemic of cholera that has already claimed hundreds of lives in Ukraine and is threatening to sweep Russia as well, according to Dr Alexander Losoto, who has just returned from the Black Sea town of Nikolayev.

On his return from the contaminated area Dr Losoto said that he travelled on a train laden with fruit and vegetables into the heart of Moscow and that no sanitary inspections were carried out. He said: "The recent handful of cases of cholera in Moscow is being viewed as something of a sensation. But for those who are aware of the true state …


The article reveals the use of the pedagogical technology and linguistic aspects in the teaching of a foreign language that contributes to the formation of learning motivation, which is important because it is important in the context of teaching. Linguistic aspects – the essence of the country of the studied language, lexical units with national-cultural semantics and their intercultural communication. In the course of our research, the goals and methodological objectives of the linguistic aspects of teaching a foreign language were considered and studied. Thus, the main methodological tasks of linguistics are: identification of language and speech materials; this is done through exercises that develop knowledge, skills and abilities, as well as the ability to communicate in another language. The main purpose of the pedagogical technology and lingo-uistic aspects is the simultaneous and comprehensive teaching of the culture of the country where the language is studied. The aspect of ethnography is a powerful tool for creating and supporting interest in learning foreign languages and increasing motivation to learn foreign languages.


We study the family of {ital c}=2 conformal theories corresponding to a motion of a bosonic string on a Klein bottle. For special values of the parameters the theory can be presented in an apparently different formulation. In particular we study in detail the fermionic representation of this model. The equivalence to toroidal and orbifold models is also observed.


Leicester University, UKJuly 2, 2010AbstractWe review the reasoning underlying two approaches to combination of sen-sory uncertainties. First approach is noncommittal, making no assump-tions about properties of uncertainty or parameters of stimulation, as inGepshtein, Tyukin, and Albright (2010). Then we explain the relationshipbetween this approach and the one commonly used in modeling "higherlevel" aspects of sensory systems, such as in visual cue integration, whereassumptions are made about properties of stimulation. The two approachesfollow similar logic, except in one case maximal uncertaintyis minimizedand in the other minimal certaintyis maximized. Then we demonstratehow optimal solutions are found to the problem of resource allocation underuncertainty.


This thesis examines how Margaret Atwood's Lady Oracle critically employs Gothic conventions to discuss a female artist's traumatic relationship with her mother and her quest for her own multiple identities through unconventional Gothic writings. As an Atwoodian anti-Gothic novel, Lady Oracle focuses on female body, identity, and complicated mother-daughter relationship. By appropriating Sigmund Freud's concept of the uncanny and theory of trauma, I argue that Atwood explores a female artist's traumatic experiences in her childhood and adolescence, highlights her dilemma between desire for artistic career and for fulfilling ideal femininity, and finally investigates the artist's reconciliation with her dead mother and acceptance of her multiple selves. Chapter One examines Atwood's appropriation of Gothic elements and her revision of three fairy tales, including "The Bluebeard," "The Red Shoes," and "The Little Mermaid." Chapter Two analyzes the protagonist's traumatic experiences and repetition compulsion as well as her maternal legacy. Chapter Three illuminates the protagonist's psychical journeys to communicate with her mother and her past selves. The last chapter discusses the ambiguous ending of this novel.


One of the most important causes of the unsatisfactory results of antihypertensive therapy in current medical practice is the difficulty in evaluating individual tolerability to the various antihypertensive agents. The methods commonly used, i.e. assessment in controlled studies of limited duration, or notification to pharmacovigilance authorities, clearly underestimate the problem. In order to obtain more correct information on antihypertensive practice, an Italian pharmacoepidemiological study has recently been planned, and the results of a pilot phase of this study are reported here.


In this paper, we propose a mechanism for cancer cell differentiation therapy based on a game-theoretic rough set model with intuitionistic fuzzy set. We introduce an intuitionistic fuzzy relation with the help of fuzzy compatibility relation. The approximation space classification is controlled with a pair of intuitionistic fuzzy thresholds. It provides a flexibility to set up tolerance level depending on different requirements. The threshold parameters act as players and pay-offs are determined based on the shifting of equivalent classes from boundary region to positive or negative region.


Almost 10 million expectants suffer preeclampsia and almost 76 thousand die from preeclampsia and hypertension every year. The purpose of this study is to unravel the Relationship of Hypertension Record with Preeclampsia on Labor. Analytical survey reserach design with cross sectional approach was conducted in this research. Research was completed from May-July 2017 at RSUD Embung Fatimah Batam. The population was all labor women of 108 respondents by using Total Sampling technique. The research instrument used the checklist sheet. The data analysis used was univariate and bivariate, bivariate analysis technique used was Chi-square test by using p-value significance of p-values < (α) 0,05. The results of the study was found expectants with hypertension record of 42 respondents (38,9%) and preeclampsia record of 45 expectant (41,7%). Chi-Square test result shows that p = 0.00 <0.05 means there is a correlation between hypertension history and preeclampsia occurrence. Suggestion for the respondents is expected to do regular check so that it can be detected early on with problems during pregnancy or labor especially signs of preeclampsia.


This study deals with the analyzing characteristics and influential element of total volatile organic compounds(TVOC) and formaldehyde emitted from the combined materials that were used to windows and doors. The experiment was carried out at 9 specimens, and each specimen has different compositions of base and surface material supplied for the windows and doors. We found that the TVOC emission was related to the storage period of base and surface material. When the storage period of material got shorter, the higher TVOC concentration got. And the formaldehyde emission was more concerned with the storage period after manufacturing such as absorbent material use than the storage period of base and surface material. When the elapsed time got shorter which was after complex materials were recombined, the higher formaldehyde concentration got.


A cylindrical argon plasma column has been built which supports a gaseous discharge over a wide range of gas pressures and current densities" A Langmuir probe has been built to study the electron density and temperatures under, the varied conditions attainable within this column. Measurements of the electron density profile have been made at a gas pressure of 10 microns and 50 microns« The plasma is confined by a glass tube 8 centimeters in diameter and almost 80 centimeters long. The glass tube which confines the plasma is enclosed by a stainless steel vacuum vessel. With this arrangement the probe can be adjusted to various radial positions within the column without leaking air into ' the system. The advantages of this demountable system as opposed to all-glass sealed-off construction are: reli ability, low cost, ease of fabrication, and ease of alteration of internal configurations. This system offers a wide argon pressure range from 10 through 300 microns and a current capability from 0 to 6 amperes for up to two hours of continuous operation. Nor mally one finds electron densities of lO-*-̂ electrons per cm.  ̂at the center of the column. The electron temperature varies from 12 ,000°K to 25,0000K with different gas pres sures .. . vixx


One of the crucial problems that need to be resolved in designing of optical WDM networks is concerned with the logical topology reconfiguration in situations of link failure. In this paper two potential strategies for the network reconfiguration after the link failure will be analyzed regarding fault tolerance. The simulation of both procedures will be performed on the given network model and the obtained results for the successfully established lightpaths will be compared.


The kinetic and mechanistic features of a new series ofplatinum-thallium cyano compounds containing a direct andunsupported by ligands metal-metal bond have been studied insolution, using standard mix–and–measurespectrophotometric technique and stopped–flow method.These reactions are interpreted as oxidative addition of the cspecies to the square planar Pt(CN)42-complex. Each of these processes was found to befirst-order in Pt(CN)42-, the corresponding TIIIIcomplex and a cyanide ion donating species whichacts as a catalyst. Both di- and trinuclear complexes werestudied, and the kinetically significant thallium complexes intheir formation and the catalytically active cyanide sourcesare as follows: [(CN)5PtTl(CN)3]3-: Tl(CN)4–(alkaline region), Tl(CN)3(slightly acidic region) and CN–; [(CN)5Pt–Tl(CN)]–: Tl(CN)2+and Tl(CN)2+; [(CN)5Pt–Tl–Pt(CN)5]3-: [(CN)5Pt–Tl(CN)]–and HCN. Appropriatemechanisms were postulated for the overall reactions in allcases, which include i) metal–metal bond formation stepand ii) coordination of an axial cyanide ion to the platinumcenter. Two experimentally indistinguishable kinetic modelswere proposed for the formation of the dinuclear complexeswhich are different in the sequence of the two steps. In thecase of the trinuclear complex, experimental evidence isavailable to exclude one of the alternative reaction paths, andit was proven that the metal–metal bond formation precedesthe axial cyanide coordination. The cyanide ligands coordinated to TIIIIin the Pt–Tl complexes could be replacedsuccessfully with aminopolycarboxylates e.g.: mimda2-, nta3-, edta4-. The [(CN)5Pt–Tl(edta)]4-complex, with a direct metal–metal bond hasbeen prepared in solution by two different reactions: a)dissolution of [(CN)5Pt–Tl](s) in an aqueous solution of edta, b)directly from Pt(CN)42-and Tl(edta)(CN)2-. The decomposition reaction is greatlyaccelerated by cyanide and significantly inhibited by edta. Itproceeds through the [(CN)5Pt–Tl(CN)3]3-intermediate. The formation of [(CN)5Pt–Tl(edta)]4-can proceed via two different pathways dependingon the ratio of the cyanide to the edta ligand concentrations.The'direct path'at excess of edta means theformation of intermediate[(CN)4Pt···Tl(CN)(edta)]4-, followed by a release of the cyanide from theTl–centre followed by coordination of a cyanide from thebulk to the Pt–centre of the intermediate. The'indirect path'dominates in the absence of extraedta and the formation of the Pt–Tl bond occours betweenPt(CN)42-and Tl(CN)4–. Homoligand MTl(CN)4(M = TlI, K, Na) and, for the first time, Tl(CN)3species have been synthesized in the solid stateand their structures solved by single crystal X–raydiffraction method. Interesting redox processes have been foundbetween TIIIIand CN–in non–aqueous solution and in Tl2O3-CN–aqueous suspension. In the crystal structureof Tl(CN)3·H2O, the thallium(III) ion has a trigonal bypiramidalcoordination geometry with three cyanides in the trigonalplane, while an oxygen atom of the water molecule and anitrogen atom from a cyanide ligand attached to a neighboringthallium complex, form a linear O–Tl–N fragment.Cyanide ligand bridges thallium units forming an infinitezigzag chain structure. Among the thallium(III) tetracyanocompounds, the isostructural M[Tl(CN)4](M = Tl and K) and Na[Tl(CN)4]·3H2O crystallize in different crystal systems, but thethallium(III) ion has in all cases the same tetrahedralgeometry in the [Tl(CN)4]–unit. Three adducts of mercury(II) (isoelectronic with TIIII) (K2PtHg(CN)6·2H2O, Na2PdHg(CN)6·2H2O and K2NiHg(CN)6·2H2O) have been prepared from Hg(CN)2and square planar transition metal cyanides MII(CN)42-and their structure have been studied by singlecrystal X–ray diffraction, XPS and Raman spectroscopy inthe solid state. The structure of (K2PtHg(CN)6·2H2O consists of strictly linear one dimensional wireswith PtIIand HgIIcenters located alternately, dHg–Pt= 3.460 A. The structure of Na2PdHg(CN)6·2H2O and K2NiHg(CN)6·2H2O can be considered as double salts, the lack ofhetero–metallophilic interaction between both the HgIIand PdIIatoms, dHg–Pd= 4.92 A, and HgIIand NiIIatoms, dNi–Pd= 4.60 A, seems obvious. Electronbinding energy values of the metallic centers measured by XPSshow that there is no electron transfer between the metal ionsin all three adducts. In solution, experimental findingsclearly indicate the lack of metal–metal bond formation inall studied HgII–CN-–MII(CN)42-systems (M = Pt, Pd and Ni). It is in contrary tothe platinum–thallium bonded cyanides. KEYWORDS:metal–metal bond, platinum, thallium,kinetics, mechanism, stopped flow, oxidative addition, cyanocomplexes, edta, redox reaction, metal cyanides, X–raydiffraction, Raman, NMR, mercury, palladium, nickel, onedimensional wire


This paper investigates the direct behavioral impact of information-based regulations by examining the effect of ozone alerts on cycling trips in Sydney. Moreover, the dynamics of individuals' response is studied by examining the behavioral impact of two successive day ozone alerts on cycling demand. A common problem in estimating direct avoidance behavior is that an increase in the pollution level could be an endogenous response to alerts. While controlling for the endogenous effect of alerts and air quality, results show that cycling trips decrease by 25 percent in response to a smog alert. When alerts are issued for 2 successive days, however, individuals appear to neglect the second day alerts. Our findings also indicate that ozone alerts induce five times larger impacts on weekends compared to weekdays. These patterns suggest that the cost of cycling substitution for commuter goals is higher than leisure goals. Furthermore, the cost of intertemporally avoiding cycling is increasing over time.


i t 9 9 on regional studies was established in 1977, the number of papers presented a t the semiannual meeting of the society has been growing steadily. At the latest semiannual meeting held in March 2005, for example, 14 papers related to urban operations research were presented. Also, the symposium on urban operations research held a t the same time was attended by about one hundred researchers and students, which is a record-breaking number in the series of symposiums held by the society.


Most environmental management decisions made with input from scientific analysis do not explicitly take into consideration the uncertainty in that analysis. For example, assessments of the impact of proposed wastewater treatment plants on receiving water quality typically involve deterministic simulation modeling and perhaps some judgmental consideration of uncertainty, but no formal uncertainty analysis. Likewise, the analysis of watershed land use on lake eutrophication is apt to involve simulation modeling but not uncertainty analysis (Reckhow 1985). Why are simulation models, and scientific assessments, which are known to be uncertain, used for management decisions without consideration for the "goodness" (uncertainty) of the information? There probably are several reasons for this: 1. Limits on resources devoted to planning and analysis. Historically, agencies have not allocated funds, staff time, data collection effort, etc., to do more than a relatively quick analysis involving point estimates of response. 2. Lack of evidence that the current level of analysis is inadequate for the decisions. Despite the uncertainties, the decisions or designs implemented may still be satisfactory. Perhaps the system is insensitive to the uncertain quantities, or perhaps our measurements of system response are insensitive.


Humanization-based education is student-oriented that fits into the development of human nature, keeps shaping and perfecting humanity, and unlocks the best of the individuals' potential. The concept of humanization-based education must be reflected by humanistic teaching. During exploring its way forward in practice, humanistic teaching follows the principles to regard people as the end not instrument, concern with individual differences, respect the students' demands, make the very most of the students' gifts, dovetail knowledge into the system of values, and cultivate people of all-round development and profuse humanity. This study takes the teaching of political economy for example to explore the humanization-based education, designs the questionnaire aimed at the students, analyses the investigation statistically, hereby gets relatively deep knowledge of the students' learning demands and their own learning information, and finally come up with the key points and specific measures of the humanistic teaching mode.


Photograph of two Personal Essay Workshop participants sitting across from each other. The one closest to the camera appears to be having a conversation with the one facing her. The workshop was a part of the Mayborn Literary Nonfiction Conference held at the Hilton DFW Lakes Executive Conference Center in Grapevine, TX.


Nepal's security sector is in a state of transition: from an old structural hierarchy in the security, judicial and administrative sectors to a security apparatus that is more democratic, transparent and accountable to the people. While security sector reforms (SSR) are crucial for the political stability of the country, SSR can be successfully implemented only when integrated into the larger government planning framework. To this end, any SSR programme will have to address important issues such as the reform of the Nepal Army (NA), which is perhaps the most important actor in Nepal's security landscape; integration of former Maoist rebels into the NA; and strengthening the Nepal Police and Armed Police Force (APF). Additionally, successful SSR implementation will require the drawing up of a national security policy for Nepal and the adoption of a holistic approach to safeguarding its security interests.


Preface ix Acknowledgments xvii INTRODUCTION: Human Rights and Cultural Practice 1 CHAPTER ONE: A Genealogy of "Women's Rights" in Iran 20 CHAPTER TWO: Producing States: Women's Participation and the Dialogics of Rights 42 CHAPTER THREE: Qur'anic Meetings: "Doing the Cultural Work" 75 CHAPTER FOUR: Courting Rights: Rights Talk in Islamico-Civil Family Court 108 CHAPTER FIVE: Practice and Effect: Writing/Righting the Law 138 CHAPTER SIX: Human Rights: The Politics and Prose of Discursive Sites 166 CONCLUSION: "Women's Rights" as Exhibition at the Brink of War 200 APPENDIX: The Iranian Marriage Contract 209 Notes 211 Glossary 227 Bibliography 231 Index 251


Digestive activity, dissolution and stability of enzyme ingredients were compared among 4 commercial products (SV, EX, BE and FE) of multiple digestive enzyme Capsules. 1) Amylase: Gastric-soluble pellets of FE showed a strong and stable digestive activity in broad pH range, but enteric-soluble pellets had a weak activity. Gastric-and enteric-soluble pellets of 3 other products showed an equal digestive activity, but alkaline amylase activity of SV and EX became inactive in acidic solution. 2) Protease: Gastric-soluble pellets of BE and enteric-soluble pellets of FE had weaker digestive activity, and all other products had an equally strong digestive activity and stability. 3) Lipase: Gastric-soluble pellets of FE showed a strong and stable activity in broad acidic area, and digestive activity of entericsoluble pellets was rated in the order of EX>SV=BE>FE. Stability of lipase of 4 products lowered in proportion to increase in pH value of alkaline solution, but the strong lipase activity of the 4 products persisted for a long time in a weak acidic solution. 4) Cellulose: Cellulose, contained in only gastric-soluble pellets of 4 products, showed an equal digestive activity and stability, except for strong digestive activity of BE and excellent stability of FE. 5) Dissolution of enzymes contained in enteric coated pellets: FE showed excellent dissolution and BE had less dissolution of some pellets. Dissolution of enzymes from some enteric coated pellets of EX was noted in acidic solution. The above findings indicated that BE and EX contain heterogeneous pellets.


This study empirically examined the level of tax aggressiveness of listed firms in Nigeria. The population of the study consists of all the quoted nonfinancial firms as at 31st December, 2016. A sample of eighty five (85) quoted firms was selected for the period 2012 to 2016. The data analysis was done throughdescriptive analysis method. The results obtained revealed that twenty six (26) out of the eighty five (85) of the companies in the nonfinancial sector were highly tax aggressive. Thirteen (13) of the listed firms were moderately tax aggressive. Sixteen (16) very of them were tax aggressive at equilibrium while thirty (30) of the firms were not tax aggressive. The study recommends that firm should create a tax department and it should be manned by tax experts / auditors who are deemed to be imbued with wide experience on tax strategies to minimize tax expense payment


Reading is present in all school moments. There are a lot of situations during the day, which requires this skill. The objective of this research was to explore the reading comprehension differences in relation to gender, type of school and school grade level. The sample was composed of 206 students from public and private high schools attending the 7th and 8th grades. Reading comprehension was measured using a text in accordance with Cloze's technique. The results showed significant differences in student's reading comprehension in reason of gender, type of school (public and private) and school grade level.


The Scottish Childminding Association used its recent annual general meeting to not only review its achievements over the past year, but also to launch its new Community Childminding Service.


High temperature water splitting through solid oxide cells (SOCs) has fundamental advantage in efficiency and rate over its low temperature counterparts. However, fast performance degradation of high temperature SOCs is a major challenge to scale up the technology to the hydrogen market. One leading cause for the degradation is the delamination of oxygen electrode (OE) under high current densities. In this presentation, we show our effort to determine critical conditions under which OE can safely operate without delamination. We particularly apply DC-biased electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method to a three-electrode symmetrical cell to delineate OE polarization resistance RP and overpotential h as a function of current density and time under both oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). We then correlate exchange current density (io) with the time of delamination using ohmic resistance Rohm as an indicator of delamination, from which the boundary that OE can safely operate without delamination is established for SOC-based electrolyzers operation.


Design and development of an electronic remote victim locator* is described in this paper. It has been designed for locating remotely, any animate subject buried under rubble or behind a barrier. It works on the principleof Doppler effect at microwave frequencies. Electromagnetic signal travels down the debris from a transmit/receive antenna, illuminates the animate subject under the rubble and returns to the top of the debris having phase modulated with body movements. The antenna picks up the phase-modulated signal, which is processed by a microwave phase synchronous receiver. The detected signal is displayed on an oscilloscope or any other suitable display device. The display is either a regular breathing cycle or any sudden shift in its steady level, resulting from even a slight movement of any part of the body. An important part of the system is the clutter (unwanted reflections) canceller. Presently, the system can penetrate a dry concrete debris depth of about 2 m. Detection depth may be greater if there are more air voids in the debris. Efforts are on to improve the depth of penetration in the rubble. The same system can detect presence of any person behind a barrier, which has security applications.


The high penetration of residential air conditioners (RACs) poses a growing concern in emerging fault-induced delayed voltage recovery (FIDVR) in power systems. FIDVR is expected to be a significant threat to the stability and reliability of future power grids. Hence, the system planners should carry out appropriate simulation studies to mitigate the severe consequences of FIDVR events. A key question to implement these studies is how to determine the worst condition which results in FIDVR. Most of the actual FIDVR events have been experienced in the hot hours of the day and this issue makes one curious to think about the relationship between the FIDVR events and the ambient temperature. In this regard, a novel temperature-dependent RAC model is presented and verified by using laboratory tests. Furthermore, two cases with different power system loading patterns, i.e. the peak temperature hour and the peak demand hour, are examined. The proposed RAC model is implemented on the IEEE 118-bus test system. Moreover, an actual FIDVR event reported in Iran has been reproduced employing the proposed RAC model. Implemented simulations reveal that to precisely reproduce the recorded FIDVR event, it is necessary to consider the ambient temperature when the fault has been occurred.


Photograph of five people, two men and three women, in semi-formal clothing attending an art exhibit. The art exhibit features master print maker Jose Guadalupe Posada. All of the women are wearing dresses and the men are wearing slacks, button up shirts and tires. The man on the far right is wearing a suit jacket. On the wall behind them, there are artworks hanging up.


OBJECTIVE: To determine the rate of CVD in asymptomatic individuals with diabetes mellitus [DM] using non-invasive myocardial perfusion imaging [MPI]. METHODS: This observational study identified individuals with DM [ICD-9-CM 250.0] from an administrative database maintained by VISN 22 [Department of Veterans' Affairs]; and, patients received all inpatient and out-patient care from this VISN. One cohort of 53year old males consisted of individuals who did not undergo MPI over a 24-month interval [n = 60]; another cohort included attribute-matched individuals who had undergone MPI during the same interval. This group did not undergo MPI due to ischemia or other clinical findings of CAD. Evidence of MPI utilization consisted of HCPCS code assignment. Patient records were examined to identify post-MPI CVD and interval morbidity. RESULTS: Of those who did not undergo MPI, 15% experienced CVD-related events during the observation interval including acute MI [n = 7], dysrhythmias, and heart failure; however, 25% of MPI studies were abnormal in the second cohort, no patients experienced acute MI, and dysrhythmias and heart failure occurred in two patients [p < 0.01]. The rate of CVD events in the first cohort is 0.375/month whereas in the second cohort it is 0.083/month [p < 0.001]. Half of the abnormal MPI studies identified multi-vessel CAD. Eleven patients underwent CABG procedures in the second cohort based on findings at MPI; none of the non-MPI patients underwent such intervention. CONCLUSIONS: MPI detected CVD in asymptomatic patients with DM which resulted in appropriate intervention and improvement in net health outcomes. Up to 22% of individuals in the US with DM have asymptomatic CVD, and appropriate use of MPI should be considered in this setting.


Sequential routing algorithms using maze-running are very suitable for general over-the-cell-routing but suffer often from the high memory or runtime requirements of the underlying path search routine. A new algorithm for this subproblem is presented that computes shortest paths in a rectangular grid with respect to euclidean distance. It achieves performance and memory requirements similar to fast line-search algorithms while still being optimal. An additional application for the computation of minimal rip-up sets is presented. Computational results are shown for a detailed router based on these algorithms that is used for the design of high performance CMOS processors at IBM.


Inspired from the Diffie-Hellman key distribution system and the ElGamal's digital signature scheme, we propose a password authentication scheme in this paper. By the implementation of smart cards, a user can originate a login request without revealing his possessed password in an insecure channel. Without any verification table, our scheme can verify users' login requests easily. A timestamp is also embedded in users' login requests against the potential attacks on replaying previously intercepted login requests.


This paper characterizes the performance of a miniaturized folded ridged half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) and explores its use in quarter-mode bandpass filter (BPF) design. By folding the fundamental mode of a ridged half-mode SIW (RHMSIW) around the capacitive ridge structure, an additional 50% of miniaturization can be achieved over RHMSIW and up to 87.5% compared with the standard SIW. The monomode bandwidths of both folded ridged half-mode and ridged half-mode waveguide technologies are studied, yielding 1:4.28 or greater fundamental to the second-order mode ratios for all cases and approximately twice the monomode bandwidth compared with half-mode technology. Furthermore, the study of folded ridged half-mode and quarter-mode substrate integrated cavities is presented, yielding miniaturizations compared with standard substrate integrated cavities with respect to free-space lambda equal to 96.6% and 98.0%, respectively. The design of BPFs using folded ridged quarter-mode cavity is demonstrated, with two different prototypes measured to study the choice of substrate thickness with respect to filter performance. By increasing the substrate thickness while maintaining similar cavity miniaturization, an improvement of 26.1% in unloaded quality factor between the filters is realized experimentally.


Corporate boards have gained remarkable significance over the past few years due to the efforts of various scholars who explored the positives of corporate boards in the context of governance of companies. This paper investigates the effectiveness of corporate boards in stimulating corporate governance, generating shareholder value and examining physiognomies that affect good governance practices. The intention is to explore: how principles of corporate governance can be stimulated to be more effective and efficient; what attributes of corporate governance may influence the performance of corporate boards for satisfying the shareholder expectations. The methodology used for this paper is qualitative and employs an inductive approach along with exploratory and analytical philosophy. The findings of this paper emphasize the fair appointment process for directors and to increase the number of external directors in corporate boards; so that the significant issues of companies could be discussed properly and finalized timely.


In diverse sectors such as aerospace, transport or energy, equipment is several decades old. Due to their extended lifespan, technical and manufacturing documentation might be inaccessible or inexistent. Manufacturing process problems, wear occurring during a part life cycle, or even the unavailability of digital data (redesign of obsolete parts produced in pre-digital era, legal restriction, or trade secrecy) are some examples to outline the lack of reliable 3D data for manufacturing purposes. The manufacturing and subsequent replacement of these components can turn into a significant problem. Lack of knowledge about system's functioning, unknown operating conditions and limited technical information hamper the design development and manufacturing of these components. Classical Reverse Engineering (RE) approaches are commonly used to facilitate the understanding of a system's functioning and ease the design recovery to create a more accurate and suitable model for engineered components. Combining these approaches with modern digitalisation technologies and new customized fabrication techniques, such additive manufacturing, can help to reconstruct obsolete, old or legacy components lacking manufacturing data. This paper contributes with a structured method aimed to design for additive manufacturing.


In the past half-century, statisticians have recognized the improvement in efficiency of many inference problems as a result of implementing the prior ordering of parameters or restrictions in the analysis. As it is often the case that observations are not normally distributed and are sometimes observed in a cluster, generalized linear models (GLMs) or generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) are employed. The paper extends estimation and hypothesis testing methods for such models under inequality constraints using the Gradient Projection (GP) algorithm. Results of simulation studies and applications are also discussed.


Aim  Acceptance of a short distal bowel margin results in a higher rate of anterior resection but may compromise oncological safety. This study aimed to evaluate the safety of a 5‐mm distal margin.


The present invention discloses a liquid medium suitable for TFT liquid crystal display, comprising a dielectrically positive compound of formula I as component A, the compound may also comprise a positive dielectric component B represented by the general formula III, further it may also comprise a dielectric electrically neutral compound shown by the neutral component C dielectrically positive compound of formula II and / or formula IV, while further addition of mass of the liquid crystal medium and 0 to 0.4% of the optically active compound. The present invention has a low viscosity, fast response time, a suitable optical anisotropy and dielectric anisotropy and excellent temperature properties, especially suitable for an active matrix TN-TFT fabrication of fast response, IPS-TFT LCD or FFS and a liquid crystal display element.


The article analyzes the theoretical approaches to the phenomenon of socio-cultural identity, identifies the psychological and pedagogical principles of formation of socio-cultural identity of students of mountain schools in the Ukrainian Carpathians. In order to study methodological, conceptual and methodological approaches that reveal different options for characterizing the concept of sociocultural identity in the context of interdisciplinary discourse, the nature of identity due to the need of a growing individual to recognize, among others, successful self-realization. It is noted that on the basis of the analysis of the latest scientific researches it is possible to assert about rather intensive studying of a problem of identity from the point of view of its socioculturality, formation of sociocultural identity of the young person. The aim of the study is to describe the regional features of the process of forming the socio-cultural identity of mountain school students in the context of sustainable development of the Ukrainian Carpathians region. It is emphasized that the convergence of methodological approaches, principles, methods, forms and ideas determines innovative ways to solve the problem of forming the socio-cultural identity of a growing individual in the educational process and extracurricular activities of general secondary education in the mountain region. Emphasis is placed on the process of forming the socio-cultural identity of the individual in modern society, which is a complex and, at the same time, relevant problem that allows a more thorough understanding of the relationship between man and society, man and environment and predict possible options for social processes sociocultural development of personality. The study points out that the issue of studying the essence of socio-cultural identification includes descriptive characteristics of both the individual and the whole social group and serves as a methodological basis for better understanding and explaining the mechanisms of personality structure, individual group consciousness and typical in certain communities of lifestyles, norms and rules of conduct. It is actualized and proved that in modern conditions the formation of socio-cultural identity requires purposeful organizational and pedagogical, coordinating activities of teachers, parents and students.


Microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology is anticipated to be a practical alternative to the activated sludge technique for treating domestic and industrial effluents. The relevant literature mainly focuses on developing the systems and materials for maximum power output, whereas understanding the fundamental electrochemical characteristics is inadequate. This experimental study uses a double-chamber MFC having graphite electrodes and an anion-exchange membrane to investigate the electrochemical process limitations and the potential of bioelectricity generation and dairy effluent treatment. The results revealed an 81% reduction in the chemical oxygen demand (COD) in 10 days of cell operation, with an initial COD loading of 4520 mg/L. The third day recorded the highest open circuit voltage of 396 mV, and the maximum power density of 36.39 mW/m2 was achieved at a current density of 0.30 A/m2. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis disclosed that the activation polarization of the aerated cathode was the primary factor causing the cell's resistance, followed by the ohmic and anodic activation overpotentials.


Compared with ordinary chaos systems, hyperchaos systems have excellent security in communication because hyperchaos sequence has better complexity and randomicity. The thought of applying dimension-lowered hyperchaos sequence to spreading-frequency communication is proposed. A dimension-lowered model is designed to generate hyperchaos sequence with well-proportioned stochastic diffusion, then the capability of hyperchaos sequence is analyzed in defail. The sound spreading-frequency modulation model based on hyperchaos random sequence is tested by practical circuit experiments. Measuring results verify the validity of designing thought. Another idea is briefly introduced for the deep research into spreading-frequency secrecy communication technique.


In Chinese Studies, three themes have acquired new emphasis since the Cultural Revolution: first, the view that China is not a simple monolithic state but one with diversified interest groups and potential internal conflict. Second, the influence of the military throughout society and the extent to which its particular interests and internal conflicts shape the nature of government and society. Third, the fact that bureaucratism, though attacked in the Cultural Revolution, is likely to continue shaping Chinese society and to be a perennial threat to revolutionary ideals. This article touches on each of these themes – first, by an analysis of personal loyalty groups during the Cultural Revolution and the Lin Piao affair and, second, by an account of the changing nature of Chinese bureaucracies and of how these changes impinge on factional politics.


Self-control is one of important factor of affecting learning, it ensure learning to go on wheels. It affect learning exhibition: learning of consciousness(complete schoolwork in time, dive into much time for learning),attend to learning,control emotion of interfering learning;remove irrespective disturb with goal. It is a base of study of self-control to compiling a suit of effective measure. This research bring forward three structure's construction by basing on Kuhl's Corno's action control. This research compiling scale of self-control learning about junior high school students, which reference "measure of high school student's self-control learning" by compiling of Biing-Lin Cherng Chen-Shan Lin. Three structure's construction is validated by second step factor analysis. There are definite reliability and validity for the measures by statistic.


torical research in general and this project specifically. Here Getz engages with and locates his approach in broader philosophical and historiographical debates. In the fifth section Getz deals more specifically with how the text may be used as a teaching resource for various themes and levels of study. The strengths of this book are numerous. The graphic history provides a unique window onto the messy complexity of labour relations and governance in the latenineteenth-century Gold Coast. Abina's role in her master's household clearly involved the complex interplay of local ideas about labour, gender, kinship and dependency. Abina is referred to in the graphic history and in the court testimony variously as a 'dependent', 'slave', 'child' and 'wife'. The form of domestic labour performed by Abina was clearly not easy to categorise. Abina lived with her master's sister, performing domestic labour in exchange for food and shelter. The extent to which this labour was performed freely was the crux of the court case as, in theory, slavery was legally abolished throughout British territory. However, colonial officials were aware of the importance of maintaining good relations with leading local men in the aftermath of the 1873–74 wars with the Asante Confederation, many of whom were slave owners. Abina's story thus maps onto broader questions about slavery and labour relations, constructions of gender and kinship, and colonial governance in the late-nineteenth-century Gold Coast. Getz and Clarke have produced an innovative work of historical writing that is simultaneously an excellent teaching resource. The graphic section of the text is an engaging way to introduce students to the history of slavery, colonialism and gender in the region. The inclusion of the court transcript will encourage students to engage in primary source analysis and explore the ways in which historical narratives are constructed from often disparate and limited source materials. Getz's reflexive approach to the ethical and methodological issues of conducting historical research will encourage students at all levels to question the construction of historical knowledge. Getz and Clarke have thus produced a text of historiographical and pedagogical significance. They illustrate with elegance and conviction the importance and potential of forging new interdisciplinary approaches.


New Advances in mobile computer technology, along with rapid growth of quality and quantity of wireless networks, introduce new capabilities, applications, and concerns to computer science and industry. Unique requirements and constraints of mobile systems bring new challenges to software development for such environments. It demands reconsidering the traditional approaches of information access, software design, and performance evaluation. Despite the various constraints and problems, research endeavors aimed at ameliorating the status quo through enhancing/devising software design and performance evaluation techniques for mobile software systems have been relatively few and far in between. In this paper, we aim to investigate the challenges of development and performance evaluation of mobile software systems. After reviewing mobile systems' characteristics, we investigate the current status of different approaches on improvement and evaluation of performance of mobile software systems. Then, the factors that make performance evaluation of mobile systems a challenging task are categorized. At last, we collect a set of performance metrics for evaluation of mobile systems, with the purpose of considering special characteristics of mobility.


Over the past 9 months, hand hygiene has been highlighted as one of the key elements in the prevention of the spread of COVID-19, and health professionals know that hands play a key role in the transmission of infection. People with chronic kidney disease are particularly susceptible to healthcare-associated infections, so everyone coming into contact with these vulnerable people needs to be able to perform the relevant hand hygiene procedures correctly and appropriately to protect patients and themselves


A type of impeller casting process was simulated by ProCAST casting simulation software.The influence of the initial temperature of shell on the defects of the casting under the temperature field and the influence of the pouring temperature and the pouring speed on the effective stress of the casting under the stress field were studied.And the relevant experimental verification was carried out.The results show that impeller shrinkage porosity defects can be eliminated when the preheating temperature of shell reaches 400℃.The proper increase of the pouring temperature can reduce the effective stress,which gets the good quality of castings.


Regarding the control of head positioning in hard disk drives, one of the barriers to achieve high positioning accuracy is the effect of the vibrations from the several mechanical resonant modes of the actuator. Thc resonances of high order modes are regarded as uncertainty, so that the conventional control system cannot reduce vibrations caused by high-order resonant modes. In this study, our purpose was to design the control system that can suppress the vibration from high-order resonant modes. The proposed method can do this by designing both the controller and the structure simultaneously using vector locus of open-loop characteristics. The experimental results from application of this method to actual hard disk drives are presented. The measured data show that positioning accuracy at high-order resonant modes can be greatly improved by proposed method.


Globalization is the process, which brings about the spread of economic, political, social and cultural activity across national boundaries and the increasing integration of internationally dispersed activities. Globalization is often typified in the media as the spread of (often American) culture (characterized as fast food restaurants, Hollywood movies, etc.) but academic debates centre around more fundamental economic factors. The proposition side are putting forward the "radical" view that globalization, driven by MEDCs (More Economically Developed Countries) and by TNCs (Transnational Companies) expands 'the North' and weakens 'the South', erodes global and national solidarity and brings about the increasing impoverishment and exclusion of the 'Third World' (LEDCs - Less Economically Developed Countries). The opposition argue the "neoliberal" viewpoint that globalization spreads affluence and erodes the North-South divide.


A high performale liquid chromatography method was developed for the determination of polyamines in beer.The polyamines were derivatived by 1-(5-fluoro-2,4-dinitrophenly)-4-methlypiperazine(PPZ)in alkaline condition and then separated on a Diamonsil C18(2)(Dikma,150mm×4.6mm,3μm)column.The effect of mobile phase composition was investigated at detection wavelength of 362 nm.The result indicated that the optimum separation was obtained by using water:(acetonitrile∶methanol=6∶4,v/v)as the mobile phase with gradient elution(flow rate of 0.5mL/min).The linear range,stability,detection limit and recovery were examined.The method was simple,sensitive and rapid.The proposed method has been applied to the determination of polyamines in beer.


In this paper we study the problem of protecting privacy in the publication of transactional data. Consider a collection of transactional data that contains detailed information about items bought together by individuals. Even after removing all personal characteristics of the buyer, which can serve as links to his identity, the publication of such data is still subject to privacy attacks from adversaries who have partial knowledge about the set. Unlike previous works, we do not distinguish data as sensitive and non-sensitive, but we consider them both as potential quasi-identifiers and potential sensitive data, depending on the point of view of the adversary. We define a new version of the anonymity guarantee using concept learning. Our anonymization model relies on generalization using concept hierarchy and concept learning. The proposed algorithms are experimentally evaluated using real world datasets.


IRAS 06562-0337 has been the recent subject of a classic debate: is it a proto–planetary nebula or a young stellar object? We present the first 2 μm image of IRAS 06562-0337, which reveals an extended diffuse nebula containing approximately 70 stars inside a 30″ radius around a bright, possibly resolved, central object. The derived stellar luminosity function is consistent with that expected from a single coeval population, and the brightness of the nebulosity is consistent with the predicted flux of unresolved low-mass stars. The stars and nebulosity are spatially coincident with strong CO line emission. We therefore identify IRAS 06562-0337 as a new young star cluster embedded in its placental molecular cloud. The central object is likely a Herbig Be star, M ≈ 20 M⊙, which may be seen in reflection. We present medium-resolution high signal-to-noise ratio 1997 epoch optical spectra of the central object. Comparison with previously published spectra shows new evidence for time-variable permitted and forbidden line emission, including Si II, Fe II, [Fe II], and [O I]. We suggest that the origin is a dynamic stellar wind in the extended stratified atmosphere of the massive central star in IRAS 06562-0337.


A crawler system provides much larger ground contact, leading to excellent terrain adaptability. Due to its structural characteristics, high‐frequency vibration proportional to the vehicle speed is generated during the driving process. This is a result of the polygon and rolling effects between the track and the wheels. A field test of a tracked vehicle is performed to monitor movement signals of the chassis and a rocker arm. Their corresponding power spectral density distributions confirm the correctness of the frequency‐calculation equation. Then, a novel elastic track tensioning device with a damper is designed as a cushion between the idler and the chassis. Depending on its geometry, the equivalent damping coefficient for a dynamic model is evaluated. Subsequently, the damping is altered in response to different operating conditions by a hybrid damping fuzzy semiactive control system. The controller accounts for both chassis and track vibration. Based on the transfer matrix method for multibody systems, a dynamical model of the track system is developed. Control performances are evaluated using two numerical simulations of obstacle crossing and off‐road driving operations. Results indicate that the proposed semiactive tensioner is substantially better than the conventional one. This paper provides a novel feasible scheme for vibration reduction of tracked vehicles.


Based on three evolutionary computational models that respectively simulate lexical, categorical and syntactic evolutions, we explore the effect of power-law distributed social popularity on language origin and change. Simulation results reveal a critical scaling degree (λ ≈ 1.0) in power-law distributions that helps accelerate the diffusion of linguistic conventions and preserve high linguistic understandability in population. Other scaling degrees (λ = 0.0 or λ >; 1.0), however, tend to delay such diffusion process and affect linguistic understandability. Apart from the conventionalization nature of language communications in these models, increase in population size could also contribute to select the critical scaling degree, since this scaling degree can accommodate the influence of population size on linguistic understandability and many power-laws in real-world systems have their scaling degrees around this critical value.


Using the classical Lie group method,we find the classical symmetry and reductions of( 2 + 1)-dimensional Caudrey-Dodd-Gibbon( CDG for short) equation. At the same time,a great many of solutions are derived by solving the reduction equations,including the rational functions,hyperbolic functions,trigonometric functions,and Jacobi elliptic function solutions.


Objective:To investigate the uptake mechanisms of metronidazole by human periodontal ligament fibroblasts(HPDLF), and explore the feasibility of drug delivery through the root canal.Methods:Using high performance liquid chromatography, the influences of extracellular metronidazole concentrations, temperature, pH and inhibitors of transporters on the uptake of metronidazole by cultured HPDLF were tested.Results:(1)The intracellular metronidazole concentrations reached the extracellular levels in 3 minutes after incubation, thereafter cell-associated agent progressively declined until it reached a stable plateau in 15 minutes.(2)The intracellular metronidazole concentrations increased linearly with the extracellular levels.(3) Temperature, pH and transport inhibitors had no significant effect on the uptake of agent by HPDLF.Conclusion:HPDLF can takeup metronidazole rapidly.Metronidazole enters into HPDLF in simple diffusion manner.


Aims There is limited evidence on the link between diet quality and migraine headaches. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between dietary diversity score (DDS), as a good representative of overall diet quality, and clinical features of migraine headaches. Methods In total, 262 subjects (224 females and 34 males), aged 20 to 50  years old were included in the present cross-sectional study. The migraine headache was diagnosed according to the third edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3). Clinical features of migraine headaches including frequency, severity, and duration of migraine headaches, headache impact test-6 (HIT-6), and serum levels of nitric oxide (NO) were assessed by standard procedures. The dietary intake of participants has been assessed by a validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and used to calculate DDS. The association between DDS and clinical variables of migraine headaches was investigated using multiple linear regression analysis, and the beta (β) estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported. Results A significant inverse association was found between DDS and headache frequency (β = −2.19, 95% CI: −4.25, −0.14) and serum levels of NO (β = −6.60, 95% CI: −12.58, −0.34), when comparing patients in the third tertile of DDS to those in the first tertile. The association remained significant and became stronger after adjustment for confounders for both outcomes of headache frequency (β = −3.36, 95% CI: −5.88, −0.84) and serum levels of NO (β = −9.86, 95% CI: −18.17, −1.55). However, no significant association was found between DDS with HIT-6 score, migraine headache duration, and severity. Conclusion The present study demonstrates that higher dietary diversity is correlated with lower migraine frequency and serum levels of NO.


. Water vapour in the UTLS is a key radiative agent and crucial factor in the Earth's climate system. But global climate models face problems with simulating the largest UTLS moisture anomaly in the boreal summertime Asian monsoon region and simulate a common regional moist bias in the Pacific UTLS. We demonstrate from combination of climate model experiments and atmospheric observations that the Pacific moist bias critically impacts regional circulation systems by inducing local longwave cooling. Related impacts involve a strengthening of isentropic potential vorticity gradients, strengthened westerlies 5 in the Pacific westerly duct region, and a zonally extended anticyclonic monsoon circulation. We further show that the regional Pacific moist bias can be significantly reduced by applying a Lagrangian, less diffusive transport scheme and that such model improvement could be an important factor for improving simulation of regional circulation systems, in particular in the Asian monsoon and Pacific region.


The promoter of Essel /Zee Group , Subhash Chandra is a classic case of rags to riches story and is also considered as an epitome of success. His autobiography "The Z Factor: My Journey as the Wrong Man at the Right Time", a 280 pages book published by Harper Collins Publishers India (2016), unravels the journey of a small town lad from Hissar to the 'Capital of Business Sharks' in Delhi. One can get a glimpse of traditional wisdom of business which Subhash Chandra, got from his grandfather. His saga of success is nothing but a strong will power to dream big and struggle, coupled with indomitable courage in exploring the unchartered paths of business opportunities. This can be attributed from the fact that today Subhash Chandra has a net worth of $6.3 billions and annual group revenues of about $3 billion.


In this paper, the characteristics and laws of rockburst at headrace tunnels in Jinping II hydropower station are summarized basing on a mass of rockburst incidents recorded during tunneling, including the law of rockburst distribution with mileage, the way of failure of rock surrounding tunnel, the relationship of rockburst and distance, the laws of position of rockburst on cross section, etc. According to relationship of the microseismic incidents and rockburst, the availability of application of microseismic monitoring technique to prediction of rockburst is argued, and the accuracy and reliability of it are proved.


Following Lacan's reading of Joyce, I have developed a Lacanian thesis fundamental to the study of intergenerational transmission which uses a concept different from identification: symptom continuation. Moreover, the emphasis Lacan placed on the sinthome does not prevent sublimation from being considered as one of the other possible continuations of Joyce's initial symptom.


The present invention discloses a boom-type full hydraulic concrete automatic feeding system was stirred for one cloth feed, mainly for conventional concrete mixing and conveying concrete construction methods poor quality, high-cost design. The present invention is fully hydraulic boom-type automatic feeding concrete stirred integrally cloth feeding system comprising a vehicle chassis, the chassis is provided on the vehicle chassis, in the feeding device are provided on said frame, a stirring device, a pumping means, the boom means, cleaning means and an electrical control box, wherein said feeding means to said feeding means the boom stirring means, said stirring means to feed the pumping means, the pumping means to feed , a concrete fabric by means of the boom. The present invention automatically feeding continuously forced stirring, pumping, cloth and other functions into one, a high degree of automation, machine mounted on a vehicle chassis, mobile flexibility, reasonable structure, convenient maintenance, low cost.


The density data for aqueous solutions of electrolytes have been analyzed, and partial molal volumes at infinite dilution have been calculated. The values are shown to be additive, and a set of volumes for individual ions has been prepared, based arbitrarily on a value of zero for the hydrogen ion. It is shown that for a given value of the charge the volumes vary linearly with the cube of the ionic crystal radii, and for a given radius vary with the first power of the charge. In the case of cations the equation obeyed iswhile for anionsIf the volume of the hydrogen ion is taken as −6 ml. instead of zero the same equation is obeyed for both cations and anions, namelyThe empirical equations are discussed in terms of a simple model for ions in solution.


Pre-twisted construction members have wide-ranging application in engineering design.This paper investigates into the elastic flexure buckling performance of such members under axial pressure.The study indicates the buckling equilibrium equations of pre-twisted perfect axial pressure bar inter-couple in two principal axis directions,and the buckling critical bearing capacity is ascending.At the same time,reversing the initial proposed in this paper-based flexible shaft bar bending buckling after the displacement of the plane displacement of the assumption that need further verification analysis.


With the rapid development of Linux operation system,end user can implement his own file system based on virtual file system(VFS) of Linux.In this paper,the general condition of Linux file system is introduced first,consequently,the implementation of a bit map file system based on virtual file system is given.


The Component-Based Development(CBD) concentrated on runtime component and their interoperation,by the component model technology,can gain application system by component assemblage,provide an approach,lacking systematic approach to guide the whole development.The software architecture represents application system as component assembly,reflects software-organised structure,intention of designing and technology to fulfill wholly,and supplies up-down way for the CBD.In this paper,the method combines with J2EE is applied to the development of enterprise ERP system.The system has the characteristic of distributed and based on Web,and is an open,better integrated system,can adapt to different application environment.The way is proved to be effective and the system works well.


The use of directly measured electrical conductivity of soil to provide an index of soil salinity is discussed. It is suggested that if an anion exclusion mechanism within the microfabric of a wet clay soil can lead to a non-uniform, but stable, range of salt concentrations, then the validity of such an index would be jeopardized. Experiments involved the monitoring of soil electrical conductivity during leaching and diffusion of salts from stable clay-soil aggregates packed in columns and cells. The equilibrium values of conductivity are inversely related to exchangeable cation valence, but are not affected by the type of anion involved. The soil conductivity was often much smaller than the value inferred from the amount of salts actually extracted from the columns or contained in the small isolated electrical conductivity cells. The results are consistent with the operation of a salt exclusion mechanism in the smaller pores of the soil fabric. With monovalent cations and relatively low electrolyte concentrations, the trapping of salts within the microfabric is maximized, while in contrast, with aluminium and aged hydrogen clays the exclusion effect is almost completely suppressed, in accord with double-layer theory. If salts are retained against concentration gradients within the fine structure units of the soil, current-transmitting regions between the units are of correspondingly high resistance, and this is reflected in a soil electrical conductivity value that is low relative to the amount of electrolyte between the electrodes. The observed soil conductivity may, however, bear a simple relationship to the salt fraction of the soil actually 'available' to plant roots.


We modelled the radio and gamma-ray light curves of millisecond pulsars using outer gap, two-pole caustic, low-altitude slot gap, and pair-starved polar cap geometric models, combined with a semi-empirical conal radio model. We find that no model fits all cases, with the outer gap and two-pole caustic models providing best fits for comparable numbers of millisecond pulsar light curves. We find a broad distribution of best-fit inclination angles as well as a clustering at large observer angles. The outer gap model furthermore seems to require relatively larger inclination angles, while the two-pole caustic model hints at an inverse trend between inclination angle and pulsar spin-down luminosity.


A four-stage wideband Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA) with linear-in-dB gain control characteristic is presented and designed in 0.18μm CMOS Technology. The modified Cherry-Hooper amplifier is employed for wide bandwidth and large gain tuning range. The input AC-coupling and the dual feedback DC-offset canceller are combined to suppress the undesired DC offsets. The pseudo-exponential function circuit is added to transform the linear-in-magnitude VGA into the linear-in-dB one. Simulation results show the presented VGA achieves 3-dB bandwidth of 1GHz, linear-in-dB gain tuning range of 56.7dB from -6.7dB to 50dB, and IP1-dB ranging from -60dB to -17dB. Besides, it consumes 7.7mW from a single supply voltage of 1.8V and occupies a silicon area of 100μm × 134μm.


Under current credit system, students have more arbitrariness in taking courses and arranging the course sequence, generally resulting in different achievements for students of different course sequences. Based on the method of binary granular computing, this paper aims to provide students with real-time guidance on their course choice by studying the process of getting different course sequences and evaluating their quality according to the difference in achievements.


The studies reported herein were conducted to ascertain if petroleum hydrocarbons are likely to accumulate in the sump sediments of a salt dome solution cavern used for crude oil storage and, if so, which hydrocarbons and in what concentrations. Cavern K 117 at Etzel, West Germany was selected for sampling because considerable data were available pertaining to the cavern and its crude oil inventory as a result of earlier studies. Mineralogical analyses of the sump samples revealed that they predominantly consist of uncemented halite crystals, ranging up to several centimeters in length, with subordinate anhydrite, and traces of gypsum and clay. Some of the mineral particles are colorless and translucent, while others are noticeably contaminated with oil. The samples exuded a distinct petroleum odor. Gas chromatographic analysis of an evolved gas sample showed the presence of the normal-paraffins propane through octane. Gas chromatographic analyses of a solvent extract of the sediment showed hydrocarbon and sulfur-compound distributions typical of crude oil. An infrared spectrum of the extract was also characteristic of a weathered or topped crude oil. The hydrocarbon content of the sediment samples was determined to be 780 ppM on the basis of a tetrachloromethane extract. It is believed that more » the petroleum present in the sump sediments principally results from cavern workover operations involving the pulling and resetting of the brine tubing string. When the brine string is reset it fills with oil because a packer is not used. To displace this oil, river water is pumped down the tubing at a moderately high rate. During this flushing process, clay particles dispersed in the river water adsorb a film of oil. As the oil-filmed clay particles enter the brine in the cavern they electrolytically flocculate and oil is sedimented to the cavern sump. « less


The article analyzes factors leading to non-uniformity of water distribution in cooling towers. These include imperfections in the design of pipelines and nozzles of the water distribution system of cooling towers. Previous studies conducted on a model of the water distribution system of the tower-type cooling system at Rivne Nuclear Power Plant have revealed uneven water distribution on the nozzles. Simulation of the simultaneity of nozzle activation showed that the nozzle that is activated first has the highest flow rate. Therefore, to achieve acceptable uniformity of water distribution, this nozzle was throttled using a throttling orifice plate. It has been shown that such throttling is effective even in the presence of hydrodynamic cavitation at orifice plate diameter ratios of 0.449...0.624. When four model nozzles are activated one after the other, the flow rate of the first nozzle decreases both with and without throttling. At the same time, increase in the number of working nozzles up to four does not significantly affect the flow rate of the first nozzle.


Co90Fe10 target is made by powder metallurgy method,EDX and XRD are used to analyze its composition and structure.CoFe thin films are deposited by e-beam evaporation on thermally oxidized silicon wafers at room temperature.The base pressure is better than 5×10-4 Pa.The samples are annealed in the vacuum better than 3×10-5 Pa for 60 minutes at 450 ℃ and 500 ℃.The analyses of EDX demonstrate that the ratio of Co to Fe is 89.67∶10.33.AES of the films demonstrate that the ratio of Co to Fe in films is smaller than that in target XRD,which shows that the interplanar spaces of(111) plane of CoFe films are smaller than that of the target.The structure and AMR of CoFe thin film can be improved and increased,respectively,after 450 ℃ and 500 ℃ annealing.


In June 1946, after a visit to Bergen-Belsen, the Austrian psychologist Ernst Papanek (1900–73) noted that he could 'never know how old a person really [was]' and recalled that 'a girl that looked like a twenty-five-year-old said she was sixteen. When a worker doubted it, she said, "After all I suffered in the concentration camp, do you wonder I look older?"'. In the immediate aftermath of the Second World War, Papanek's story was not exceptional, especially amongst displaced young people. Identity documents and proofs of age had been lost or were not available, the war had marked bodies, individuals had learned to misrepresent their age for the sake of survival, and administrations routinely doubted age claims. The war had profoundly disrupted and exposed 'the fragility of [the] system for knowing age' that had become central to Western European regimes of recognition and of rights such as citizenship, movement, and welfare. Restoring this system was crucial for nation states and international organizations intent on rebuilding 'paper walls' and reimposing 'paper identities' as key to restoring normalcy. Displaced young people were central in this process because they embodied, being both displaced and young, the disruption of the war. In this article, using the resettlement of young Holocaust survivors to Canada as my core case study, I examine first how state administrations, international organizations, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) competed and struggled to determine age and consequently who should be considered as a child, and second how young people themselves were affected by and navigated these struggles. Historians and social scientists have insisted on the necessity of understanding age as 'both a biological reality and a social construction', and of questioning the origins of age markers. The growing importance of chronological age and its progressive objectification by Western liberal democracies and colonial powers, for instance with pension assessment, child labour laws,


Objective To observe the imaging features of posterolateral approach of percutaneous lumbar discs puncture,and to compare the value and limitation of CT with MRI.Methods The imaging features of posterolateral approach of percutaneous lumbar discs puncture were observed and measured based on CT images of 53 subjects of normal lumbar discs and MR images of 40 subjects of normal lumbar disks.Results The imaging features and related measure parameters of posterolateral approach of percutaneous lumbar discs puncture were obtained.There were no significant statistical difference between the minimum distance from left and right puncture line of all levels in L3—S1 to edge of the lumbar nerve root.CT was superior to MRI in showing the bony markers of puncture line.MRI was superior to CT in distinguishing density of soft tissue.Conclusion CT and MRI are important means to decide posterolateral approach of percutaneous lumbar disc puncture and show main structures as well as adjacent relationship in lumbar discs.Before puncture,CT examination is the first choice,and combining with MRI when necessary may improve the accuracy and safety of puncture.


Whereas Professional Learning Communities (PLCs) are a frequently applied professional learning tool in education, their use is often limited to an application among (a) teachers and (b) within-schools. This article contributes to the nascent research evidence on PLC usage for principal professional learning. As outcomes align with PLCs' phased development, this article grasps the learning processes that unfold, the catalyst states that emerge and the overarching role that a process coach can adopt in this collective learning effort. Three distinct PLCs comprising of Flemish secondary school principals were systematically observed over the course of one to two years. In interviews and questionnaires, members (n = 14) reported on their experience with PLC activities, group dynamics and their personal professional well-being. Networked learning proved a worthwhile method as positive outcomes of PLC participation were predominantly found in a perceived augmentation of professional well-being and the acquisition of inspiration and ideas. Actual co-construction among principal participants appeared harder to establish as several organisational, group developmental and leadership prerequisites were found to apply. As this study was based on three in-depth case studies, it remains to be confirmed whether its conclusions apply to all school principals in Flanders and can be generalised to their counterparts internationally.


The difficulty of software development for the industrial cyber-physical system is continuously increasing due to a higher level of integration between field devices and computer systems. In addition, process engineers with field expertise usually do not have strong programming skills while software engineers are not familiar with industrial domain knowledge. A new software development paradigm is needed to improve efficiency and eliminate the barriers between process engineers and software engineers. This paper proposes a low-code development method based on contracts and the IEC 61499 standard for industrial edge applications. Contracts are introduced for describing the obligations and rights of operations in a manufacturing process. Contracts are also used for automatic modular code generation based on IEC 61499 function blocks to achieve better reliability, flexibility and reusability of industrial edge applications. The feasibility of the proposed method is demonstrated by a case study of a car manufacturing line.


An article that is focused on review articles by Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Lebedev (1896–1969) on contemporaneous Czech poetry (from the 1930s).


According to the standard interpretation of quantum mechanics (Born and
Bohr-Copenhagen interpretations), the square of the magnitude of the wave
function represents a probability density function for a particle in a state
whereby a measurement is made on it. In this article it is shown that a quantum
particle which is classically a free particle in a bounded interval with mass 711,
has its wave function whose square modulus satisfies a diffusion equation


We give a bijection between certain colored partitions and the elements in the quotient of an affine Weyl group modulo its Weyl group. By Bott's formula these colored partitions give rise to some partition identities. In certain types, these identities have previously appeared in the work of Bousquet-Melou-Eriksson, Eriksson-Eriksson and Reiner. In other types the identities appear to be new. Our main application is to determine the rationally smooth Schubert varieties in the affine Grassmannians. Several of the proofs are computer assisted. This is joint work with Steve Mitchell.


Congenital goiter (CG) is a rare entity. In the Middle East, a high incidence has been reported, 1 in 1,400 to 1 in 2,0001. The causes of the condition include defective iodine uptake and transport, inborn errors of thyroid hormone production (dyshormonogenesis), transplacental passage of thyroid antibodies, maternal ingestion of antithyroid drugs or goitrogens and tumors2,3. Dyshormonogenetic goiter represent 10-15% of all cases of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) and most neonates would exhibit a relatively large goiter4.