Ayurveda is believed to be the oldest medical science of the human civilization. It is more clearly the science of life as it transcends the mere treatment of disease and embraces a wide array of principles and practices which deals with each individual in entirety. Postulations proposed by Ayurveda elites are of perennial relevance and many of those hold good value even today. Some of the contemporary concepts of today can be understood by the same age old principles and practices of Ayurveda. The present document tries to analyze the concept of public health and health in terms of Ayurveda. Public health as a discipline is mainly seen as a part of or a similar stream to community medicine. But the classical texts of Ayurveda also describe certain principles of public health in its own parlances. Though the classical texts of Ayurveda describes many principles such as infectious disease, immunity, nutrition etc. but the present document will focus on the concept of public health and health in brief.


How, despite an adverse political conjuncture, corruption scandals and the natural wear and tear of the ruling party, the ruling-party candidate, Lenin Moreno, could achieve the electoral victory? To what extent does the implementation of specific political marketing strategies, during the campaign period, modify electoral behavior? The framing of the electoral strategy was built on political spots, political advertising, political rhetoric and the candidate's image management. The image management considered a positioning and reinforcement of the candidate's image during his vice presidential term: subject of reconciliation and grantor of hope. These elements allowed the pro-government candidate to gain the electoral victory. Additionally, the communication of a message with simple elements that have a deep impact in the electorate, which nominated Moreno as the leader and continuer of Rafael Correa's project. The current investigation intends a different approach. It evaluates the tactical selection of an electoral campaign strategy for each of the ballots, particularly, the employment of spots, which positioned Lenin Moreno and endorsed the ruling-party candidate to acquire the victory.


1. Introduction
Early frost in the autumn and late spring frost are the most common disasters related to the huge agricultural damages in West Azerbaijan province. Among 39 natural disasters in the world, 7 dominant disasters occur in this region and the frost has the first rank regarding the damage to the public sector and insurance industry in recent years. Based on several reports, early spring frost damage could reach to 25-100% of total production among orchard trees including almond, apricot and walnut. Considering the irregular and unscientific development of orchards in the past, therefor, determining of suitable sites (low frost risk) for crop production based on GIS is necessary. Probability and the risk of causing damage due to temperature differ depending on the time and year as well as plant sensitivity to temperatures below zero. Numerous studies have been done in the country and abroad to determine the probability of occurrence of frost. However, most of these studies have failed to consider the frost threshold temperature at which the plants are damaged. Determining the most probable occurrence of frost with a hypothetical risk in province of west Azerbaijan, which is also known as an agricultural poles in Iran is economically important by applying of the latest tools and geo-statistical methods and preparing spatial patterns of the frost dominated sites in the region are the main objectives of this paper.

2. Study Area
The study area is located in northwestern Iran, western Azerbaijan Province (latitude 44°02' to 47°32' E and 354°58' to 39°46' N). The province has an area of 37,600 square kilometers (without the Urmia Lake) and limited on the north by Turkey, Armenia and the Republic of Nakhichevan, on the west by Turkey and Iraq, and on the south by East Azerbaijan and Kurdistan provinces.

3. Material and Methods
In the previous studies related to frosts, minimum daily temperature records of 34 synoptic, evaporation and climatology stations of the province were collected. The critical damage temperature (Tc) from year to-year were extracted from data bank as 0 °C for very sensitive plants, -2 for sensitive plants and -4 °C for approximately resistant plants. Probability and frequency of spring and autumn time series of frost occurred dates were determined with fitting Gumble and non-extreme distributions to the data. A basic program was prepared for fitting normal, log normal, Pearson Type III, log Pearson, and Gumble distributions. Frequency analysis was applied to the data for all 34 stations. Probabilities were calculated using a Gumble extreme value function. To avoid too many frost maps, only 2 seasons, 3 critical temperature thresholds and 10 probability classes, and one common frequency formula were adopted.
IDW (inverse distance weighted), Kriging and Co-Kriging interpolation methods are used for spatial prediction with Geostatistical wizard in ARCGIS10. The IDW is referred to as a deterministic interpolation method because it is directly based on the surrounding measured values or on specified mathematical formulas that determine the smoothness of the resulting surface. However, Kriging, which is based on statistical models, assumes that the distance or direction between sample points reflects a spatial correlation that can be used to explain variation in the surface. The Kriging tool fits a mathematical function to a specified number of points, or all points within a specified radius, to determine the output value for each location. The best spatial prediction method was selected based on cross validation approach with RMSE criteria. The cross validation is based on removing one data location and then predicting the associated data using the data at the rest of the locations and Root Mean Square Error, indicates how closely the model predicts the measured values.

4. Results and Discussion
Based on the results of the interpolation methods, Co-Kriging method showed better results in 67% of cases. In the west Azerbaijan, Co-kriging is dominant with height. The fitting of height, represents a rippling effect of mountains, hills and the effects microclimates. Frost occurrence generally increases by increasing of the height and temperature gradients increase the intensity of the frost. The latitude also could be related to the direction of air masses and frost flow. Higher coefficients (irregular occurrence of frost at a given date) are seen at mountainous area such as north-west and west of Urmia Lake and Tekab and fluctuations of frost are evident in the form of coefficient of variation in the most of maps. Early autumn frosts in the Makoo and Tekab regions occurred much earlier and are rarely seen in the region of Sardasht and the central region and Nazloo from16 October to 15 November. Late spring frost has the same process and lasts from 24 March to 25 February. Coefficient of variations indicating regular or irregular data happened during years. The lower coefficient of variation on the map indicating close frost occurrence time at that point over the years and therefore, the occurrence of the frost could precisely be forecasted. Final frost map of province with 75% probability of occurrence as presented in this paper means that for example among 20 years of history 15 years of frost occurred at this date. Obviously, higher probability levels mean lower risk and vice versa. According to the provided maps, the coefficient of variations was high ( 0.07-0.09) in central parts as well as in Khoy, Piranshahr, Sardasht and Tekab regions indicating that frost occurs in irregular patterns. In contrast, lower coefficient of variations (0.06 – 0.045) in northern parts of province and regions surrounded by Urmia Lake indicate a regular frost occurrence at springtime.

5. Conclusion
Preparation of frost maps in every area has a particular importance in reducing the risk of frost damage. In the present study, for mapping the risk of frost in West Azerbaijan Province -Iran, the minimum temperature at different stations were recorded and date of the frost occurrence in the fall and spring for three classes were extracted. Gumble distribution as a dominant regional distribution is proposed for the distribution of frequency analysis. Co-Kriging interpolation method is the dominant method for producing maps related to the frost. Optimized models posing half-angle, resulted in significant improvement in the fit of the model. Frost damage was increased further to the west and mountains regions. By comparing maps a clear trend between the high potential frost and cold masses was detected. These maps can be used for a better field selection for orchards, the development of greenhouses and areas prone to industrial development.


Abstract A cold-seep assemblage is present in slope to outer-shelf strata of the Upper Pliocene to Lower Pleistocene Ofuna Formation and the Lower Pleistocene Koshiba Formation of the Kazusa Group in Yokohama City, on the Pacific side of central Japan. Four cores were taken in order to learn the three-dimensional extent of the assemblage: one core was parallel to bedding and three were normal to bedding. Study of the cores and outcrops shows that: (1) the assemblage is at least 37 m thick stratigraphically and extends across the boundary between the Koshiba Formation and the underlying Ofuna Formation; (2) parallel to bedding, the assemblage is at least 16 m wide in a north-south direction and 30 m long in an east-west direction; (3) the assemblage consists mostly of large (up to 10 cm in maximum diameter), articulated bivalves of the genera Lucinoma, Conchocele, and Acharax, in aggregations or as sporadic shells; (4) authigenic carbonate cement in the matrix enclosing the assemblage ranges from dense to sparse and is greatly depleted in 13C (δ13C = −47.99‰ to −55.06‰), indicating that the carbonate resulted from the microbial oxidation of methane; (5) there is a subsurface horizon about 10 m thick that is characterized by: (a) scoria beds in which the matrix consists entirely of pure, white carbonate, (b) abundant brecciated clasts of the host sediment occurring along with extremely abundant bivalve fragments, many of which are very small, and (c) lithologic boundaries greatly discordant with the overall dip within the study area. Observations 5a–c together suggest very active seepage and/or an explosive effusion of subsurface material, and the presence of "pockmarks" in the subsurface of the study area. Twenty tuff beds are observable and accurately correlatable among outcrops where no cold-seep assemblage occurs. However, these tuff beds cannot be correlated with those in the cores. This is probably due to highly active bioturbation and by severe seepage and/or the explosive effusion of seep materials. We infer that these activities and events dispersed, disturbed, brecciated and/or reconcentrated the originally deposited tuff beds.


Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) is still a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The impact on patient's life is significant, leading to physical, mental and social deconditioning, not only in active TB but also in post TB sequela. Although with specific antituberculous treatment sputum negativity can be achieved, TB extrapulmonary symptoms such as cachexia, muscle weakness and depression may persist for a long time. The pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) may be a useful tool in this patient's therapy in active and also in sequela phase. The benefits of PR are: reducing symptomatology, improving the degree of functional independence and quality of life, and increasing the ability to perform daily activities. This article discusses the components of a PR programme in active TB and TB sequela, and the results obtained by studies so far.


Using finite element analysis software ANSYS,numerical simulation analysis is accomplished for moving bracket of BS105 type jaw crusher in this paper.According to the numerical simulation results of two kinds of moving bracket structure,the effect of hole in moving bracket faceplate is discussed on overall strength and rigidity of moving bracket.Based on the analysis results,some suggestions are put forward to improve moving bracket structure design.


Technology overviews, advanced transmission concepts, rolling-element bearing technology, traction drive technology, spiral bevel gear technology, and spur gear technology are discussed.


OBJECTIVES
The incidence of gestational diabetes varies depending on a country and it is extremely difficult to analyse. The aim of the study was to assess the incidence of gestational diabetes in Polish population.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Based on the data from the National Health Fund (NHF) the authors analysed reports regarding deliveries performed and then, determined the rates of gestational diabetes/hyperglycaemia during pregnancy and pregestational diabetes in Poland in the years 2010-2012.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
In Poland, the incidence of gestational diabetes was estimated to be 4.665% in 2010, 6.918% in 2011 and 7.489% in 2012. The incidence of pregestational diabetes was 1.067% in 2010, 1.116% in 2011 and 0.932% in 2012.


In monitoring safety data in clinical trials, visual displays of individual patient data over time (i.e. vitals and lab data) are indispensable. This paper will introduce examples of these displays for a Data Safety Monitoring Committee, using the GPLOT procedure in SAS/GRAPH. Specifically, the AREAS option in GPLOT will be used to show how SAS/GRAPH can be employed to produce complex and professional graphics. Examples from safety monitoring data in the clinical trial environment will be drawn.


The exact entropy of two-charge supersymmetric black holes in N=4 string theories is computed to all orders using Wald's formula and the supersymmetric attractor equations with an effective action that includes the relevant higher curvature terms. Classically, these black holes have zero area but the attractor equations are still applicable at the quantum level. The quantum corrected macroscopic entropy agrees precisely with the microscopic counting and moreover the entire macroscopic partition function matches the microscopic partition function for an infinite tower of fundamental string states.


Review(s) of: In between angels and animals, by Emily Cullen, Dublin: Arlen House, 2013. 96 pp. RRP 12, ISBN 9781851320790.


This study aims to investigate to what extent self-efficacy beliefs and some demographics (years of experience and type of the institution) predict preschool teachers' teacher-child communication skills. Another purpose of this study is to examine whether preschool teachers' teacher-child communication skills change according to their educational level. Data were collected from in-service preschool teachers (N=304) working at 78 different schools in Ankara by using two different questionnaires and analyzed by using One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple regression analysis. Findings indicated that preschool teachers' self-efficacy beliefs were positively and strongly correlated with their communication skills. Preschool teachers' selfefficacy beliefs also a significant predictor of their teacher-child communication skills, while years of experience and the type of institutions did not make a significant contribution to preschool teachers' teacherchild communication skills. Findings also revealed that preschool teachers' teacher-child communication skills did not change with respect to their educational level.


This study evaluates the presence of pathogenic bacteria and fungi in two municipal waste dumps sites in Abia State, Nigeria. A total of 20 municipal waste dump site samples from Umuahia and Aba were evaluated for the presence of bacterial and fungal pathogens. Using the pour plate and streaking methods, the pathogens isolated were identified and characterized based on their morphological, physiological and biochemical peculiarities. And they include: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella sp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus sp, Salmonella sp, Bacillus sp, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium sp, Penicillium sp and Candida sp. The result showed significant difference (P>0.05) in the occurrence of bacteria, and no significant difference in the occurrence of fungal isolates from the different municipal waste sites. The public health and socio economic implication of this study is that municipal waste, if not properly managed and disposed could be potential sources of food borne pathogens for contamination of food, water, and environment. Also, the offensive odour from the dump sites affects the aesthetics of the environment and human populations. Therefore, improvement in sanitary procedures and handling are required in order to have appropriate intervention measures.


Objective:To investigate the variation of coagulation function in patients with lymphoma and find indices in clinical treatment and judgement of prognosis.Methods:PT,APTT and FIB were measured by automatic blood coagulation with the type of sysmex CA530 and CA7000 testing machine in 163 patients with lymphoma and healthy patients at the same time.Results:FIB in patients with lymphoma was higher than control groups(P0.01).PT,APTT extended(P0.01);stageⅠ,Ⅱcompare with stageⅢ,Ⅳno statistics difference relatively(P0.05).In effective patient with chemotherapy FIB was lower after chemotherapy,there was notable difference(P0.01);blood index had no difference in ineffective patients after chemotherapy.Conclusions:Patients with lymphoma is in hypercoagulabale state and blood coagulative disorder.There exists correlativity in FIB and effect of chemotherapy,lymphoma therefore it is important to monitor the indices of coaguldtion in the basis for course of chemotherapy,discovering and taking precautions against hemorrhagend and thromboemtolism.


htmlabstractAn Eilenberg–like theorem is shown for algebras on a given monad. The main idea is to explore the
approach given by Bojan´czyk that defines, for a given monad T on a category D, pseudovarieties of
T–algebras as classes of finite T–algebras closed under homomorphic images, subalgebras, and finite
products. To define pseudovarieties of recognizable languages, which is the other main concept for
an Eilenberg–like theorem, we use a category C that is dual to D and a recent duality result
between Eilenberg–Moore categories of algebras and coalgebras by Salamanca, Bonsangue, and Rot.
Using this duality we define the concept of a pseudovariety of languages based on the category C,
which is the main difference and generalizes Bojan´czyk's approach. With this new approach we can
study different kinds of pseudovarieties of algebras as well as different kinds of pseudovarieties
of recognizable languages to (re)discover some Eilenberg–like theorems.


Combined with practical work the requirements of porous asphalt mixtures on raw materials and mix proportion design are discussed.The transportation,spreading and rolling control methods of porous asphalt mixtures are introduced as well as developmental trend in design and development of porous asphalt mixtures in Japan.In the end the research trend of porous asphalt mixtures is pointed out.


Three fish species, brown trout (Salmo trutta morfo fario), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus), collected from hydroaccumulation Mostar in Bosnia and Hercegovina, were analysed for the levels of heavy metals in order to elucidate the accumulation and distribution of these contaminants in tissues of fish frequently included in human diet. Heavy metal (lead - Pb, mercury - Hg, cadmium - Cd and arsenic - As) concentration in fish tissues and organs (muscles, liver, kidney and gonads) was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and expressed as mg•kg-1 of wet tissue. For As and Hg determination hydride generation method was used, while Pb and Cd were measured by electrothermal method. The highest lead concentrations, but still lower than Maximal Allowed Concentration (MAC) in Croatia and other countries, were found in liver and gonads (113 mg•kg-1) of rainbow trout and in gonads (102 mg•kg-1) of pumpkinseed. Mercury concentrations in all three fish species were greatest in kidneys, and the lowest in gonads. All values, ranging from 0.004 to 0.168 mg•kg-1, are lower than MAC in Croatia and most other countries (0.5 mg•kg-1). Interestingly, rainbow trout had the highest values of this metal in all tissues, whereas the lowest concentrations were found in pumpkinseed. Cadmium concentration showed the highest values in muscles and the lowest in gonads of all fish. Arsenic concentration was generally very low in all tissues of analyzed fish species, ranging from 0.051 to 0.15 mg•kg-1, and is much lower than MAC in most countries (1.0 mg•kg-1) and in Croatia (2.0 mg•kg-1). The highest values of this metalloid were in kidneys of brown trout and rainbow trout, while pumpkinseed showed the lowest concentrations in all tissues. Our general conclusion is that concentrations of mercury, lead, arsenic and cadmium in most tissues of all analyzed fish species were lower than the MAC in most countries. Therefore, they may be included in human diet. Heavy metal concentrations in most pumpkinseed tissues were significantly lower then in other analysed fish. Different accumulation pattern in these three fish species can partly be explaned by their different eating habits.


The dihydroxylation of a set of monosubstituted olefins [ethene (1), propene (2), styrene (3)] and 5-methylene-2(5H)-furanone [protoanemonin (4)] by osmium tetroxide have been studied by means of DFT (B3LYP) calculations. The effect on the reaction mechanism of the coordination of a base (NH3) to OsO4 (5) to form OsO4−NH3 (6) has been investigated. These calculations show that the activation barriers for the [3+2] concerted mechanisms are lowered by the presence of an amine coordinating the osmium tetroxide, in agreement with experiment. For the dihydroxylation of protoanemonin (an olefin having a stepwise diradical mechanism in the Diels−Alder reaction) both the concerted and the diradical mechanisms have been evaluated. These studies indicate that the dihydroxylation of olefins proceeds through a concerted mechanism, although in the dihydroxylation of protoanemonin the diradical mechanism may play a significant role. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)


The invention discloses a preparation method of flufenacet, and belongs to the technical field of pesticide preparation. The method comprises the steps: adding 2-hydroxy-N-(4-fluoroaniline)-N-(1-methylethyl)acetamide into an alkali-containing organic solvent A, dropping 2-chloro-5-trifluoromethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole into the reaction liquid, carrying out a reaction at room temperature, adding an organic solvent B, extracting, washing with water, drying, and concentrating to obtain a crude product flufenacet; and refining the crude product to obtain the pure product flufenacet. The preparation method has the advantages that the required raw materials are easy to obtain, less pollution to the environment exists, the synthesis is simple and convenient, the process conditions are not harsh, the yield can reach more than or equal to 85%, the purity can reach more than or equal to 98%, and the preparation method is suitable for industrialized production.


Democratic accountability relies on the ability of citizens to reward and punish politicians in elections. Electoral institutions, such as the timing of elections, may play a powerful role in enabling this process. In this paper, I assess how on-cycle (concurrent) and off-cycle elections affect one facet of accountability -- the incumbency advantage -- using data on nearly 10,000 mayoral elections in cities over the past 60 years. Using a regression discontinuity design, I find that incumbency carries a substantial advantage for individual candidates. Moreover, I find that on-cycle elections provide incumbents with a far larger advantage than off-cycle elections do. These results show that off-cycle elections, otherwise criticized for their negative effects, may have an upshot for democracy, and demonstrate one possible mechanism for the prevalence of the incumbency advantage.


1 Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. 2 Department of Chemistry, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa 3 Department of Chemistry, University of Calabar, PMB 1115, Calabar, Nigeria 4 Department of Computer Science, Federal Polytechnic, Nasarawa, Nigeria * E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


The article presents an analysis of a non-standard approach to the segmentation of textural areas in aerospace images. The question of the applicability of sets of textural features for the analysis of experimental data is being investigated to identify characteristic areas on aerospace images that in the future it will be possible to identify types of crops, weeds, diseases, and pests. The selection of suitable algorithms was carried out and appropriate software tools were created on Matlab 2021a and in the software package for statistical analysis Statistica 12.
The main way to extract information is to decrypt images, which are the main carrier of information about the underlying surface. The main tasks of texture area analysis include selection and formation of features describing textural differences; selection and segmentation of textural areas; classification of textural areas; identification of an object by texture.
To solve the tasks, spectral brightness coefficient (SBC), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), textural features of various crops and weeds. Much attention will be paid to the development of software tools that allow the selection of features describing textural differences for the segmentation of textural areas into subdomains. That is the question of the applicability of sets of textural features and other parameters for the analysis of experimental data to identify types of soils and soils, vegetation types, humidity, crop damage in aerospace images will be resolved.
This approach is universal and has great potential for identifying objects using image clustering. To identify the boundaries of areas with different properties of the image under study, images of the same surface area taken at different times are considered.


PURPOSE: A manufacturing method of polyester air textured yarn is characterized by controlling pneumatics properly in air-texturing, not passing through a heat setting process and reducing a change of hollow ratio of hollow fiber. The polyester air textured yarn is characterized by having excellent thermo-keeping property and being lightweight. Drawn polyester fiber is capable of weaving textile having soft touch. CONSTITUTION: Polyester air textured yarn is obtained by: preparing polyester hollow fiber as core yarn; preparing drawn polyester fiber as sheath yarn; and then air-texturing the fibers with 6-9bar of pneumatics. A discharge velocity of the air textured yarn is 350-400m/min.. Over feed ratio of the sheath yarn on the core yarn is 10-12%. Single fineness of the drawn polyester fiber is 0.3-0.6denier.


The hardware design project of the system is put forward according to demand in its function.The design of millivoltage level amplifier with high impedance is thoroughly studied,and influence on working performance of the amplifier is decreased by applying the method of 'same electric potential protect layout line' to reduce bias electric current and the application circuit with high performance is designed.The Measurement precision of the system is raised by adopting technology of combinging software with hardware for Ammonia electrode with indexnumber characteristic,and error of the system is analyzed.The designing idea of keyboard and interrupt source circuit expanded,controlling circuit,LCD display circuit,microprinter circuit and RS232 interface circuit of the system and adopting method for advancing ability to antiinterference of the system are discussed in detail.


Serious ice regime in the Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River often takes place during winter frozen period and spring break-up period and leads to serious disaster.Thus creating favourable frozen position and break-up position are very important to avoid ice flooding.Since the Liujiaxia Reservoir was put into operation in 1968, the adverse ice conditions in the Inner Mongolia reach have been greatly alleviated. However, serious ice flooding has continued to occur in some years because the reservoir is not very sensitive to ice flood changes in relatively long river course from the Innedr Mongolia reach. On the basis of analyzing frozen and break-up position characters, acting capability of Haibowan Reservoir on ice regime control operation in the Inner Mongolia reach in this paper. It would provide scientific decision gist for ice regime control regUlation in the Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River.


Introduction: Efficient Itraconazole (ITZ) oral administration shows numerous limitations because of (i) the poor aqueous ITZ solubility inducing low and unpredictable bioavailability, (ii) the hepatic metabolism to an active metabolite and (iii) the large cytochrome inhibition increasing risks of drug-drug interactions. In case of pulmonary fungal infections, these issues increase the variability of plasmatic concentration in lungs to combat or prevent infection. ITZ pulmonary delivery would be an alternative by increasing ITZ concentration in the lungs while decreasing systemic exposure. Industrial production requires high solids/solutes concentration, using easily evaporable and non-flammable solvents (water, ethanol, isopropanol, ethyl acetate, etc...) while keeping dry powder properties obtained (particles size, residual moisture) at the laboratory scale to reach lungs but at a higher production scale.Materials and method: A screening of ITZ and mannitol solubility is performed on different organic solvent mixtures. Solid dispersions containing ITZ in mannitol matrix were obtained from solutions (So1, So2, and So3) or suspension (Su1) at 3.0% (So1, So3), 4.5% (So2) or 8% (Su1) (w/v) in the preferential organic solvent mixture. In the solutions, mannitol and 35% (So1, So2) or 60% (So3) of ITZ were dissolved. In the suspension, 10% of ITZ were dissolved and some particles of mannitol were suspended. The production method was the spray-drying using a B-290 Mini Spray Dryer (Buchi, Switzerland). The powders were characterized on their physico-chemical and aerodynamic properties (fine particle fraction - FPF), and on their dissolution profiles. Results: All the solid dispersion-based dry powders obtained after spray-drying showed no presence of crystalline ITZ (i.e. complete amorphous state). Because of drying of dissolved particles in the presence of undissolved mannitol particles, solid dispersion from the suspension presented median size (d(0.5)) bigger than solid dispersions from the solutions. Nevertheless, solid dispersion Su 1 (FPF of 59 ± 3 %) presented a better aerodynamic behaviour than solid dispersions So1 (FPF = 33 ± 2 %), So2 (FPF = 31.3 ± 0.7 %) and So3 (FPF = 39 ± 8 %). In vitro dissolution tests showed that all the solid dispersions present a significantly higher dissolution rate than crystalline ITZ bulk.Conclusion: Solid dispersions with amorphous ITZ in mannitol matrix as dry powders, which were prepared using an easily scalable production method, present an improved dissolution rate, good aerodynamic behaviour and interesting properties to combat or prevent pulmonary aspergillosis.


The growing adoption of electronic shelf-edge labels has created a new business opportunity for firms in the retail grocery industry – adjusting produce prices in real time. In addition to the well-known challenges in typical revenue management applications, selling products at the right time and at the right price, these firms also face customers who tend to pick and choose better quality (fresher looking, without visual/cosmetic imperfections and blemishes) fruit or vegetables upon arrival. Therefore, the main challenge emerges as the interpretation of managers about how much they will need to vary prices without knowing the exact quality of the remaining inventory. In this paper, we formulate the problem as a stochastic optimization model which maximizes the seller's expected profits over a finite selling season, and captures salient problem features such as stochastic demand, customers' choice behaviour, and uncertain product qualities. We propose static pricing and price updating strategies, which rely on multiple order statistics and manipulations of their joint distribution functions. Since obtaining closed-form solutions or structural properties for the optimal prices is quite difficult, we explore the full information solution to the problem as well as solution approaches which approximate some key problem characteristics. Finally, we substantiate our results through an extensive numerical study, focusing on the performance of the proposed pricing policies and approximations.


The zero‐kinetic‐energy (ZEKE) photoelectron spectrum of nitrogen has been measured between 15.5 and 26.5 eV using synchrotron radiation at a resolution up to 5 meV. The rotational contours obtained for the various vibrational components of the X 2Σg+(v+=0−2)←X 1Σg+(v=0) transitions are in good agreement with the results obtained using extreme ultraviolet (XUV) laser sources [Merkt and Softley, Phys. Rev. A 46, 302 (1992)], and appear to be strongly perturbed by autoionization. The X and A states of the ion are observed up to v+=5 and 9, respectively, and the non‐Franck–Condon intensity distribution of these progressions originates in part from autoionization of Rydberg states belonging to the series converging to the A and B states of the ion. In contrast, the intensities of the v+=0,1 components of the B state correspond well to Franck–Condon factors between neutral and ionic species. In addition, the rotational contour obtained for the B(v+=0) state is found to be identical to that measured by He i pho...


The Equilibrium Strength of Trinidad Clay Subgrades Raymond Francis Charles The factors th at co ntrol the s ubgrade m oisture, d ensity and strength conditions beneath sealed pavements were investigated and an empirical method fo r as sessing th e s ubgrade s trength w as sought for design p urposes. A total of twenty-two (22) sites were investigated; the si tes were se lected so t hat t hey c overed a variety of s oil d eposits a nd t he rainfall spectrum for the Island. In situ observations of subgrade moisture distribution, density, suction and st rength (CBR) conditions we re done w hile l aboratory investigations were do ne to de termine the physical, structural, suction and remoulded strength (CB R) properties o f th e s ubgrade soils. The Thornthwaite Moisture I ndex (TMI) at various sites was determined g raphically and i ts relationship with t he i n situ subgrade suction was investigated. It is shown that the clays o f T rinidad ar e h ighly p lastic and that t here is a t endency f or th e he avier c lays (Group Index 14,18) to be di spersive (s tructurally unstable) i n wa ter. The average de gree of f ield compaction at tainable b y the subgrade i s 92.5% of th e m aximum dr y de nsity a t Standard Proctor Level w hile the in situ eq uilibrium mo isture c ontents a re m uch g reater th an i i. the respective optimum moisture contents from laboratory compaction. This is du e ma inly to the pr ogressive w etting o f th e s ubgrades from the environment ( rainfall and th e G round Wa ter T able); t he in situ moisture content of the suction of the subgrade is generally higher t han th at a t th e c entral se ction. A u nique r elationship between t he TMI a nd t he i n situ subgrade suction is confirmed and its use in predicting the e quilibrium s ubgrade m oisture c ontent is s hown t o b e acceptable. The u se of t he RRL method f or deter mining the eq uilibrium subgrade mo isture c ontent f rom th e d epth of the G. W.T is also acceptable e ven th ough t he e stimates a re slightly lower than the in situ values. At equilibrium conditions, th e in situ subgrade su ction approaches or is at the field capacity (pF 2.5) value. The in si tu equilibrium CB R attainable by th e s ubgrade a t their worst co nditions approaches the soaked CBR. However, t he 4-day s oaking pr ocedure currently employed i n Trinidad a nd Tobago is t oo severe as most of the heavy clays undergo structural b reak down on soaking and so produce very low CBR values (0.8%). A unique relationship be tween i n situ CBR a nd s uction, for different group indices, is developed a nd justified a nd m ay b e used t o assess the equilibrium o r f inal su bgrade s trength for pa vements in very wot.


The power, privilege, and oppression paradigm that most schools of social work currently espouse to are often taught through an experiential approach to whiteness, privileging the majority of white students with the opportunity to explore their white identity at the expense of the learning of the Black/Brown, Indigenous, People of Color (BIPOC) students in the classroom. Many BIPOC students experience these courses as a hostile environment, finding themselves and their racial group identified in contrast to whiteness – oppressed, marginalized, silenced, and powerless. This paper presents an innovative course outline using Critical Race Theory and Critical White Studies as theoretical frameworks to decenter whiteness and attend to the learning needs of BIPOC students. Using these two theoretical frameworks, students will learn the history of the racial hierarchy of humans; the social construction of whiteness, the evolution of anti-black racism and the extension to other people of color; and the relationship between white supremacy and racism.


This article introduces a trimmed-tapped-delay-line-based time-to-digital converter (TTDL-TDC) architecture. Unlike state-of-the-art works, where the propagation time of the TDL is roughly equivalent to the system clock period, the TDL of the proposed architecture can be shortened to use only 63% of the necessary length to propagate a clock cycle without loss of resolution. To achieve this reduction, the clock signal is propagated throughout this trimmed TDL (TTDL), capturing its position with the rising edge of a latching signal (LS). An encoder based on transition detectors and ones-counters modules is employed to determine the clock's phase from the captured code in the TTDL. The architecture was implemented in a Cyclone V field programmable gate array (FPGA); nevertheless, the proposed design methodology allows for migrating the design to any other FPGA device. The experimental results showed a resolution (LSB) of 5.98 ps and an overall precision (OP) of 7.6 ps. Additionally, the proposed design strategy saves hardware resources, allowing the exploration of multichannel measurement systems in low-end devices.


It's hard to say something more than what has already been said about utility or uselessness of literature. Rather, it still seems relevant to consider this problem in relation to subject and school. In particular, their relationship with Art needs a reflection upon the reason why the common idea that the value of a work depends on its utility is so pervasive. And why this idea coincides with work's spendibility, its exploitable functionality, its productivity, and, therefore, its commodification. If these are the criteria, probably literature is one of the most "useless" form of art1. It may seem expectable today to affirm that this negative change comes from the crisis of humanist culture and from reductionist conceptions of learning. Both are deep-rooted ideas. Nevertheless, this statement would require long periods of analysis and radical rethinking, even in the pedagogical field. At least, because an idea of learning as possibility to acquire and store more or less useful competencies not only says nothing about literature as art or about its extraordinary formative meaning, but above all doesn't answer the formative request for meaning which pervades the student, the teacher, and, perhaps, the school too. So, what we are trying to do here, is to start from a different and, for some aspect, more direct perspective. It is really about asking ourselves what is happening – or may happen – to a student when he/she reads a novel. The first example that springs to mind is the Bildungsroman. Here it may seem easy for any young reader to feel the existential proximity to the restless protagonists, which are challenged by situations of life. In this context, in fact, as Franco Moretti writes, a sort of interior storm, made of intense relations and spectral solitudes, fear of explicit conflict and mixed feelings, overlaps with the normality of everyday life. The fascinating and engaging thing about Bildung-


We built upon Angelopoulos et al. (2009) and we employ a dynamic general equilibrium model in order to examine the interrelated role of rent seeking activities, institutions and government policy variables, like tax rates and public spending, on Greece's economic performance during the last fourty years. We focus on the period 1979-2001. According to Kehoe and Prescott (2002, 2007) this period can be characterized as a great depression. The model is the standard neoclassical growth model augmented with a government sector and an institutional structure which creates incentives for optimizing agents to engage in rent seeking contests in order to extract rents from the government. This behavior creates a cost to the economy in the form of an unproductive use of resources. Our main findings are as follows: First, in terms of the path of key macroeconomic variables, our model fits the data quite well. Second, by conducting a growth accounting exercise we find that during the period 1979-1995 a non negligible proportion of the decline of total factor productivity (TFP) can be accounted for rent seeking activities. Third, our model produces an index which can be interpreted as a measure of the quality of institutions in the Greek economy. Our model based index exhibits a resemblance with the internal country risk guide (ICRG) index which is widely used in the literature as a proxy for the quality of a country's institutions.


We find the necessary and sufficient conditions for the smash product algebra structure and the crossed coproduct coalgebra structure with th dual cocycle to afford a Hopf algebra (A equation,※See Full-text). If B and H are finite algebra and Hopf algebra, respectively, then the linear dual (※See Full-text) is also a Hopf algebra. We show that the weak coaction admissible mapping system characterizes the new Hopf algebras (※See Full-text).


: Rising of the sea level and/or heavy rainfall intensification significantly enhance the risk of flooding in low-lying coastal reclamation areas. Therefore, there is a necessity to assess whether channel hydraulic networks and pumping systems are still efficient and reliable in managing risks of flooding in such areas in the future. This study addresses these issues for the pumping system of the Mazzocchio area, which is the most depressed area within the Pontina plain, a large reclamation region in the south of Lazio (Italy). For this area, in order to assess climate change impact, a novel methodological approach is proposed, based on the development of a simulation–optimization model, which combines a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm and a hydraulic model. For assigned extreme rainfall events and sea levels, the model calculates sets of Pareto optimal solutions which are obtained by defining two optimality criteria: (a) to minimize the flooding surface in the considered area; (b) to minimize the pumping power necessary to mitigate the flooding. The application shows that the carrying capacity of the hydraulic network downstream of the pumping system is insufficient to cope with future sea level rise and intensification of rainfall.


This paper argues that the role of the state becomes more important in some significant respects as the pace of globalization accelerates, contrary to the popular perception that it should be diminished. This is mainly because, as mobile factors obtain more freedom to choose locations across national borders, the role of the state as the ultimate provider of "complementary assets" in attracting mobile factors to a national economy becomes more important. The paper also argues that the very success of Singapore's complementing strategy in the era of globalization has necessitated the state to move to a two-pronged strategy, in which it needs to attempt seriously to acquire higher-end capabilities that are securely based on its territory, while trying to exploit ever-expanding complementary business areas as it has done previously.


Substituted Carboxylic acid condensed with Thiosemicarbazide to form 2-amino-5-substituted 1,3,4-Thiodiazole in various reaction conditions. Present work is comparative study of synthesis of 2-amino- 1, 3, 4-Thiodiazole with respect to yield, reaction time and reaction conditions. All products are characterized by spectral data and elemental analysis.


Although recent physiological studies demonstrate that flue-cured tobacco preferentially utilizes nitrate ( NO 3 − ) or ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), and possesses both high- and low-affinity uptake systems for NO 3 − , little is known about the molecular component(s) responsible for acquisition and translocation in this crop. Here we provide experimental data showing that NtNRT1.1B with a 1,785-bp coding sequence exhibited a function in mediating NO 3 − transport associated with tobacco growth on NO 3 − nutrition. Heterologous expression of NtNRT1.1B in the NO 3 − uptake-defective yeast Hp△ynt1 enabled a growth recovery of the mutant on 0.5 mM NO 3 − , suggesting a possible molecular function of NtNRT1.1B in the import of NO 3 − into cells. Transient expression of NtNRT1.1B::green fluorescent protein (GFP) in tobacco leaf cells revealed that NtNRT1.1B targeted mainly the plasma membrane, indicating the possibility of NO 3 − permeation across cell membranes via NtNRT1.1B. Furthermore, promoter activity assays using a GFP marker clearly indicated that NtNRT1.1B transcription in roots may be down-regulated by N starvation and induced by N resupply, including NO 3 − , after 3 days' N depletion. Significantly, constitutive overexpression of NtNRT1.1B could remarkably enhance tobacco growth by showing a higher accumulation of biomass and total N, NO 3 − , and even NH 4 + in plants supplied with NO 3 − ; this NtNRT1.1B-facilitated N acquisition/accumulation could be strengthened by short-term 15N- NO 3 − root influx assays, which showed 15%–20% higher NO 3 − deposition in NtNRT1.1B-overexpressors as well as a high affinity of NtNRT1.1B for NO 3 − at a K m of around 30–45 µM. Together with the detection of NtNRT1.1B promoter activity in the root stele and shoot–stem vascular tissues, and higher NO 3 − in both xylem exudate and the apoplastic washing fluid of NtNRT1.1B-transgenic lines, NtNRT1.1B could be considered as a valuable molecular breeding target aiming at improving crop N-use efficiency by manipulating the absorption and long-distance distribution/transport of nitrate, thus adding a new functional homolog as a nitrate permease to the plant NRT1 family.


INTRODUCTION Anterior-posterior (AP) translation and internal-external (IE) rotation of the knee are fundamental to the normal function of the knee. Studies of passive knee mechanics have shown that the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) can influence rotational stability and motion of the knee (1). Thus, it is likely that under dynamic conditions such as walking the translational and rotational motion of the ACL deficient knee will be different than normal. Clinical evaluation of patients following ACL injury has demonstrated increased AP laxity relative to the contralateral knee. However, increased passive clinical laxity based on quantitative KT2000 measurement has not correlated with clinical outcome (2). Yet, alternations in translational and rotational motion of the knee during dynamic activities could have profound effects on secondary restraints such as the medial meniscus. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the translational and rotational motion of the knee during walking will be different from normal for patients with ACL deficient knees.


Automatic document classification is an important step in organizing and mining documents. Information in documents is often conveyed using both text and images that complement each other. Typically, only the text content forms the basis for features that are used in document classification. In this paper, we explore the use of information from figure images to assist in this task. We explore image clustering as a basis for constructing visual words for representing documents. Once such visual words are formed, the standard bag-of-words representation along with commonly used classifiers, such as the naïve Bayes, can be used to classify a document. We report here results from classifying biomedical documents that were previously used in the TREC Genomics track, employing the image-based representation. Efforts are ongoing to improve image-based classification and analyze the relationships between text and images. The goal is to develop a new set of features to supplement current text-based features.


Conservation is the planned management of man's surroundings to prevent its exploitation, destruction or neglect. Man's impact on nature started becoming evident when he perfected the art of hunting. With the development of farming and animal husbandry, man began to control his environment. He exploited the natural resources of the earth to keep pace with his physical and cultural needs. With increase in world population, there was further depletion of natural resources. However, it took time for people to realise that man's interference with nature had probably done more harm than good and that man had been careless of the future. Enthusiasm for nature and wildlife surged, laying the foundation of the conservation movement as we know it now.


Electron transfer reactions play a central role in all biological systems because they are essential to the processes by which biological cells capture and use energy. These electron transfer reactions occur in highly organised ways, in electron transport chains in which electron transfer occurs in an ordered way between specific components, and these electron transfer reactions occur at interfaces. In this chapter we will explore the principles behind the organisation and operation of these electron transfer chains from an electrochemical perspective. We will examine the guiding physical principles which govern the efficient operation of biological electron transfer. As we will see, several guiding principles emerge: the tuning of redox potentials for different components in the electron transfer chain to optimise energy efficiency, the control of distance between redox centres to control the kinetics of electron transfer and to achieve specificity, the role of an insulating lipid bilayer to separate charge and store electrochemical energy. Such a study is informative, not only because it tells us about the structure, organisation and function of biological systems, but also because we can learn useful lessons from the study of biological electron transfer systems which have evolved over millions of years which we can use to guide our design of electrochemical systems. For example, electrocatalysis of the four-electron reduction of oxygen to water at neutral pH remains a key barrier to the development of efficient polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells. This same reaction is an important component in the mitochondrial electron transport chain where it is achieved using non-noble metal catalytic sites. A detailed understanding of this biological reaction may give clues to the design of new electrocatalysts for fuel cells. Similarly an understanding of the organisation, light harvesting and electron transfer reactions in the photosynthetic systems in plants and bacteria can inform our design of artificial photosynthetic systems for solar energy conversion. Closer to home, an understanding of the principles which govern efficient biological electron transfer is essential if we wish to exploit biological electron transfer components, such as oxidoreductase enzymes, NADH-dependent dehydrogenases or redox proteins, in biosensors, biofuel cells or bioelectrosynthesis. This chapter is conceived as a general introduction to biological electron transfer processes for those with little or no prior knowledge of the subject, but with a background in chemistry or electrochemistry. As such it should serve as an introduction to the more specific material to be found in the chapters which follow. At the same time I have tried to emphasise the underlying principles, as seen from an electrochemical perspective, and to bring out similarities rather than to emphasise the differences in detail between the different electron transport chains. Such an interest in the organisation and principles which guide biological electron transfer is directly relevant to current interest in integrated chemical systems [1]. Broadly this chapter is organised as follows. We begin with a very simple description of the different types of


The open dynamics of quantum many-body systems involve not only the exchange of energy, but also of other conserved quantities, such as momentum. This leads to additional decoherence, which may have a profound impact in the dynamics. Motivated by this, we consider a many-body system subject to total momentum dephasing and show that under very general conditions this leads to a diffusive component in the dynamics of any local density, even far from equilibrium. Such component will usually have an intricate interplay with the unitary dynamics. To illustrate this, we consider the case of a superfluid and show that momentum dephasing introduces a damping in the sound-wave dispersion relation, similar to that predicted by the Navier-Stokes equation for ordinary fluids. Finally, we also study the effects of dephasing in linear response, and show that it leads to a universal additive contribution to the diffusion constant, which can be obtained from a Kubo formula.


The double sampling scheme is effective in reducing the sampling cost. However, the doubly sampled data is contaminated by two types of error, namely false-positive and false-negative errors. These would make the statistical analysis more difficult, and it would require more sophisticate analysis tools. For instance, the Wald method for the interval estimation of a proportion would not work well. In fact, it is well known that the Wald confidence interval behaves very poorly in many sampling schemes. In this note, the property of the Wald interval is investigated in terms of the coverage probability and the expected width. An alternative confidence interval based on the Agresti-Coull's approach is recommended.


Tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) in medullary bone matrix and bone cells was histochemically examined employing estrogen‐induced medullary bone of male Japanese quail. Within 2 days after estrogen administration, medullary bone matrix was identified and the matrix and osteoblasts were negative for TRAP activity. Osteoclasts showing TRAP activity were occasionally seen. By 4 days, the projection of medullary bone trabeculae was seen and TRAP became positive in the deeper part of the bone matrix of trabeculae as well as the matrix located near cortical bone, but the surface areas and extending margins of medullary bone trabeculae were negative in activity. Osteoblasts were also negative for TRAP activity. By 7 days, TRAP‐positive bone matrix conspicuously increased accompanying increment of bone volume, but TRAP‐negative bone matrix was still seen at the surface areas or extending areas of the medullary bone trabeculae. Osteoblasts showed no reaction product. Osteoclasts showing TRAP activity increased in number. The results demonstrate that TRAP accumulates in medullary bone matrix with bone formation. Circumstantial evidence suggests that medullary bone osteoblasts may be involved in TRAP accumulation in the matrix despite their negative activity.


Rapid tests to detect HIV antibodies have been widely used over the past decade. Many simple, rapid HIV tests demonstrate sensitivities and specific-ities comparable to those of enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) without the need for sophisticated laboratory equipment and highly-trained technicians. Algorithms comprised of two or more rapid tests can also produce HIV test results as accurate as the EIA-Western blot combination. Rapid assays that can be used with whole blood or oral fluid specimens have now been developed and make point-of-care (POC) HIV testing feasible. POC tests can make HIV testing accessible in areas with limited laboratory facilities and greatly reduce the number of persons who do not learn their test results. POC testing can also provide immediate test results that are needed to make decisions about antiretroviral pro-phylaxis for pregnant women in labor and for health care workers who have had occupational exposures to blood or body fluids. This review summarizes available data on the characteristics and performance of individual HIV rapid tests from independent evaluations, peer-reviewed journals, and conference abstracts and describes experiences with the POC use of rapid HIV tests for voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) and perinatal screening.len Screening.


Cloud computing is an important paradigm for processing, computation, storage, and network bandwidth. Workloads are the amount of data given to the hardware resource for processing. Its behavior and properties play a major role in the efficient scheduling of requests to given resources. Also, it is very difficult to predict workloads nature if they are changing excessively. To address this issue, we propose a conceptual framework which can be used for efficient prediction and optimization of workloads in a cloud environment. Classification of optimization metrics based on the provider and consumer constraints are presented. In addition to this, some of the research gaps found during the study has been highlighted and also provided possible solutions in the cloud research domain.


The study is aimed at the analysis of the peculiarities of the labour relations between the Russian IT-free-lancers and their clients as well as at the problems disclosure during their collaboration. The author focuses on hiring process, work conditions, the length of collaboration, work conflicts during the task fulfillment and further development of the labour relations.


The optical properties of extremely heavily doped n‐GaAs are examined. Metastable electron concentrations up to 3.2×1019 cm−3 were produced by pulsed‐laser annealing of Si‐implanted GaAs. These very heavily doped layers give plasmon Raman shifts up to 1700 cm−1 and photoluminescence bandwidths of greater than 410 meV. The low‐energy edge of the photoluminescence indicates a band‐edge narrowing proportional to ∼n1/3 and equal to ∼200 meV at the highest electron concentration.


Background: The cRGD peptide is a promising probe for early non-invasive detection of tumors. This study aimed to demonstrate how RAFT-c(-RGDfK-)4, a molecule allowing a tetrameric presentation of cRGD, improved cRGD-targeting potential using in vivo models of αVβ3-positive or negative tumors. Results: We chose the human embryonic kidney cells HEK293(β3) (high levels of αVβ3) or HEK293(β1) (αVβ3-negative but expressing αV and β1) engrafted subcutaneously (s.c.) in mice. Non-invasive in vivo optical imaging demonstrated that as compared to its monomeric cRGD analogue, Cy5-RAFT-c(-RGDfK-)4 injected intravenously had higher uptake, prolonged retention and markedly enhanced contrast in HEK293(β3) than in the HEK293(β1) tumors. Blocking studies further demonstrated the targeting specificity and competitive binding ability of the tetramer. Conclusion: In conclusion, we demonstrated that Cy5-RAFT-c(-RGDfK-)4 was indeed binding to the αVβ3 receptor and with an improved activity as compared to its monomeric analog, confirming the interest of using multivalent ligands. Intravenous injection of Cy5-RAFT-c(-RGDfK-)4 in this novel pair of HEK293(β3) and HEK293(β1) tumors, provided tumor/skin ratio above 15. Such an important contrast plus the opportunity to use the HEK293(β1) negative control cell line are major assets for the community of researchers working on the design and amelioration of RGD-targeted vectors or on RGD-antagonists. Background The tripeptide sequence Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) [1,2] is a well known motif recognizing and interacting with integrin, a family of transmembrane heterodimeric glycoproteins composed of one α and one β subunits [3,4]. The structure of a cyclic pentapeptide containing RGD was optimized in order to provide a high affinity and selectivity for the αVβ3 integrin [5], an integrin overexpressed at the surPublished: 12 June 2007 Molecular Cancer 2007, 6:41 doi:10.1186/1476-4598-6-41 Received: 28 March 2007 Accepted: 12 June 2007 This article is available from: http://www.molecular-cancer.com/content/6/1/41 © 2007 Jin et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Molecular Cancer 2007, 6:41 http://www.molecular-cancer.com/content/6/1/41


This paper aims to develop the description of move systems in Systemic Functional Linguistics based on dynamism in knowledge exchanges, that is, the possible move options made available at different points in an exchange concerned with the negotiation of information. Using conversational interactions in Khorchin Mongolian as examples, the paper argues that at different points in a knowledge exchange, both the speaker and the addressee's knowledge of the information are at stake. The speaker may be positioned either as knowing or as not knowing the information; at the same time the addressee may be positioned either as knowing or as not knowing the information. It is also possible for the interlocutors not to be positioned either way. The move systems developed make it possible to discuss the options preselected and activated at different points in a knowledge exchange and the way interlocutors are dynamically positioned as an exchange unfolds.


: Based on the survey data of 1,089 teachers from 10 institutions of higher learning in Central China, this paper analyzes the influence of transformational leadership on teachers' turnover intention and its mechanism by combining literature method, questionnaire method and interview method, in order to solve the recruitment and retention problems in the construction of teachers in institutions of higher learning. The results of the study showed that nearly one-third of the teachers surveyed expressed their intention to leave, with the doctoral degree teachers having the strongest intention to leave. At the same time, the results also show that transformational leadership is positively correlated with teachers' job satisfaction, but negatively correlated with teachers' turnover intention. In view of the above conclusions, it is suggested that colleges and universities should pay attention to training and developing leaders with transformational leadership and create supportive working environment to improve teachers' satisfaction and reduce their willingness to quit. In addition, a personalized management approach is also the key to playing a transformational leadership role. These conclusions and recommendations provide guidance for education administrators to help them improve teachers' work experience, continuously improve teachers' job satisfaction, and thus reduce teachers' turnover intention.


With the aim of identifying good structures and examples for papers in the software engineering field, we conducted a study of the type of papers accepted along four decades in the Research Track of the International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE). We used for this purpose a categorization scheme for Software Engineering papers that was obtained by merging, extending and revising a few existing paper scheme proposals. This paper summarizes some outcomes relative to what topics and problems are addressed, what types of contribution are presented and how they are validated. Insights from the study could help ICSE authors, reviewers and conference organizers in focusing and improving future efforts.


The improvement of the processibility and mechanical properties of poly-aniline (PAn) by processing a concentrated sulfuric acid solution of the mixture of chemically prepared conductive PAn powders and poly(p-phenylene-terephthalamide) (PPTA) in different weight ratios are presented. The concentrated sulfuric acid solution of PAn and PPTA were processed to films and threads, they are liquid crystalline conductive polymer composites, the electrical conductivities of the composites are between 10 −4 -10 −1 s/cm. PAn enhanced the tensile strength of PPTA, but does not effect the elongation. The morphology of the PPTA/PAn composite surfaces are fiberlike texture.


This paper presents a frequency control method by coordination control of a wind turbine generator (WTG) and a battery using H∞ control theory. The output command of the WTG is based on wind speed conditions and the output is controlled by pitch angle control system using H∞ controller. H∞ control is also used in the output command system of the battery which is determined according to the frequency deviation and the battery energy storage ratio. By using the proposed method, good frequency control performance, reduction of windmill blade stress and the rated capacity of battery are can be achieved simultaneously. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by using MATLAB®/SIMULINK®.


The utility model discloses an LED secondary optical light distribution lens module, which comprises a transparent substrate. The front of the substrate is provided with a plurality of lens bodies which are integrally formed with the substrate in arrays, each lens body consists of two non-spherical bodies distributed symmetrically on the left and the right and an inward concave curved surface between the two non-spherical bodies, the light emergent surface of the lens body is in smooth transition with the front of the substrate, and the center of the light incident surface of the lens body is provided with a cavity for accommodating an LED. The lens bodies and the substrate are integrally processed and formed so as to facilitate the installation of the LED luminous module; by adopting the die integrally-formed lens module, the position of the lens can be precisely controlled with high precision and high efficiency compared with manual installation in the prior art, and a large amount of labor cost can be saved; and meanwhile, because the peanut shell-like lens is adopted, the LED can form ideal rectangular light spots after secondary light distribution, has high light emergent efficiency, and can be widely applied to illumination of various roads.


Peer assessment is becoming more popular in higher education, however it often goes together with undesirable social effects like peer pressure and favoritism, especially when students need to evaluate peers in a face-to-face setting. The present study was set up to investigate increased anonymity in peer assessment to counter these undesirable social effects. It was hypothesized that modes of peer assessment that provide an increased anonymity will induce a reduced perception of peer pressure, increased feelings of comfort and more positive attitudes towards peer assessment. Classroom response technology (CRT) was introduced as a tool that enables anonymity. In addition, oral and written feedback was organized to meet the need for feedback. The results show that the proposed peer assessment practice combines the positive attitudes and feelings of comfort related to the anonymous use of CRT with the perceived added value of argumentation in oral and written feedback.


Dinoflagellata was included in one of microalgae groups which are on waters of the sea and the river, it can be found on detritus floats, sediments, and also swim freely. This research done on May – June 2018 at waters of the mangrove bay village, Bintan Regency, Riau Island Province. The aims of this research was to know relationship between organic material concentration toward abundance of toxic benthic dinoflagellata on sediment. In addition, to analyzed organic material concentratin and amount of abundance of toxic benthic dinoflagellata on sediment in waters of Teluk Bakau. The method used was survey method which is the location of sampling is done by pursosive sampling. Measurement of water quality sampling done at any point, the surface water temperature range 31-33oC, 28-31 ‰ salinity, pH 8-9 and the current speed from 0.045 to 0.051 m / det.Perairan predominantly sandy gravel sediments, making an average of organic materials ditemukn at each station is 0.027%, 0.043%, 0.033%, 0.024%. The result of this research found 3 genus of toxic dinoflagellata, which are Prorocentrum, Gambierdiscus, and Ostreopsis. Poisonous dinoflagelatta can produced a several types of toxic that found the sea. The highest of abundance found at station 2 on 75,615 sel/m2 and the lowest found at station 1 on 35,176 sel/m2. the results of simple linear regression analysis the relationship between the concentration of organic material with the abundance of dinoflagellates has a positive relationship with the regression equation y = 32,913 + 556,13x


..vi Acknowledgements ...vii Chapter 1: Introduction ...1 Chapter 2: Civil Society au Début ...13 Chapter 3: The Reform of Catholic Political Doctrine ...29 Chapter 4: The Intellectual Recovery of Communicatio Politica ...59 Chapter 5: The Heatherton Inheritance ...77 Chapter 6: The Triumph of Commercial Society ...104 Chapter 7: The Turn to Social Economics ...137 Chapter 8: The Radicalism of D. J. MacDonald ...180 Chapter 9: Conclusion ...217


The nature and content of higher education teaching quality are discussed,the influencing system hierarchy is constructed for teaching quality,and analytic hierarchy process is applied to establish mathematical models.By analysis of the higher education teaching quantitative factor,main reasons of teaching quality are obtained such as educational philosophy and orientation,teaching ability and research capacity of teachers,student training mode,learning and teaching's attitude,which provides new references for enhancing college teaching quality.


This paper reports a comparative study of the electrochemical performance of in situ hydrogen peroxide electrogeneration on gas diffusion electrodes modified by organic redox catalysts 2-ethylanthraquinone, 2-terc-butylanthraquinone and azobenzene in medium of 0.1 mol L-1 H2SO4 plus 0.1 mol L-1 K2SO4, pH = 1. Hydrogen peroxide generation proved strongly dependent on the applied potential and on the concentration of added catalysts. Electrode modifications led to a significant increase in H2O2 yield (30%) reaching 850 mg L-1, and the overpotential for oxygen reduction shifted to less negative values (400 mV vs Ag/AgCl for electrodes modified by quinones and 300 mV vs Ag/AgCl for electrodes modified by azobenzene) compared to noncatalyzed gas diffusion electrodes, resulting in reduced energy consumption of 596.5 to 232.4 kWh kg-1. The results indicated that the best electrode for H2O2 electrogeneration is the gas diffusion electrode modified with 10% of 2-ethylanthraquinone, offering the best cost to benefit ratio.


A direction of arrival (DOA) estimation method based on the spectral Capon rooting algorithm is developed. The developed method realises DOA estimation by real polynomial rooting technique rather than a grid search. It provides a lower computation complexity and a better performance compared to the spectral Capon searching algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.


The Co-Pt-P film was prepared by electrochemical deposition with externally applied perpendicular magnetic field(PMF).The microstructure and composition of the film were analyzed,and its corrosion resistance in 3.5 % mass fraction NaCl solution was studied with the aid of electrochemical detection technologies.The results show that as PMF intensity increases,the grains on the film surface are gradually refined,and the mass fraction ofe-Co increases;in 3.5% mass fraction NaCl solution,the self-corrosion potential of the film gradually shifts to the positive direction,the double layer capacitance of electrode/electrolyte interface Cdreduces,the resistance of surface deposition film Rfand charge transfer resistance Rt increases,and the self-corrosion current density gradually decreases,thus the corrosion resistance of the film increases.


We have determined the physical map position and the entire nucleotide sequence of the ubi4 gene. The sequence includes the structural gene for 4-hydroxybenzoate octapre- nyltransferase, an enzyme involved in the early steps of the biosynthesis of ubiquinone in Eschenichia coli K-12. As shown in Fig. 1, clones 1F8 (634) and 12B4 (635) of Kohara's library (2) complemented an authentic ubi4 mutant (5). The 2.1-kb BglI-EcoRI fragment from clone 1F8, which was subcloned in a pUC vector, complemented the same ubiA mutant. The coding region of the ubiA gene in this fragment was assigned by deletion analysis. Furthermore, we found an open reading frame (ORF202), upstream from the ubiA gene, which formed an operon with the ubiA gene. This open reading frame is likely to correspond to the ubiC gene because the ubiC gene has been reported to be in the same region as the ubiA gene (3). This operon is immediately adjacent to the plsB gene at 91 min on the E. coli chromo-some and is transcribed from the opposite strand. The ubi4 gene is 870 nucleotides in length and encodes a protein of 290 amino acids with an Mr of 32,511. Nucleotide sequence accession number. The nucleotide sequence of the ubiA gene and ORF202 has been assigned DDBJ/GenBank/EMBL accession number X57434.


DOI: 10.46998/IJCMCR.2021.14.000339 Summary We report a case of a 52-year-old man who presented to the emergency department with a native hip dislocation. This was found to be a chronic dislocation secondary to multiple sclerosis and he was treated conservatively after discussing benefits and risks of all options including surgery. There are many reports of atraumatic native hip dislocations in children with cerebral palsy or neuromuscular conditions; however, we believe this is the first case in the literature describing such a dislocation in an adult secondary to multiple sclerosis.


Purpose: The purpose was to identify the effectiveness of beach-chair position in the arthroscopic Bankart repair over conventional lateral decubitus position with distal traction. Materials & Methods: 36 arthroscopic Bankart repair through July 2000 to July 2001 was done under beach chair position. All cases were shoulder instability. Male patients were 6 and female were 4 with average age of 25 years. Arthroscopic suture anchor was used in 24 cases and average number was 3. Results: Interscalene block was tried in 29 patients and 1 case was changed to general anesthesia. Arthroscopic examination to identify Bankart lesion and associated pathology was done without difficulty Bankart lesions were easily reduced to anatomic position and placed suture anchor and hooking approprately. After the arthroscopic examination,3 cases were converted to open procedure without any positional change. Conclusion: Under interscalene block, the preparation was more simple and the patient could watch arthroscopic procedure with confidence. There was no hindrance in arthroscopic examination and arthroscopic repair could be dont: in more anatomic position. It can be easily changed to open repair if it needed


In this article, the author focuses on the public health issue of adolescent dating violence. Issues associated with violence in adolescent dating experiences are explored, including the definition of dating violence, forms of violence, and associated health consequences. Assessment tools and techniques useful for nurses in the clinical setting are provided to use when discussing violence with adolescents and parents of adolescents. Finally, strategies for intervening in situations of adolescent dating violence are offered.


The aggressive war against Ukraine makes it clear that the hopes of mankind that future wars will take place in the form of low-intensity conflicts, but rather in the economic, informational spheres without the use of military force, turned out to be in vain. Russia has demonstrated that such seemingly wild actions for the modern civilized world as the seizure of territories, the destruction of cities, attempts to destroy the statehood and self-consciousness of nations will remain relevant as long as autocratic regimes exist and there are no effective international mechanisms that would make any armed aggression impossible. Consequently, the issue of protecting territories and infrastructure in the face of large-scale aggression using the entire list of available types of means of armed struggle will, unfortunately, be relevant in the near future. The article analyzes the recent massive attacks on infrastructure facilities and modern technologies of air defense weapons. As a result of the analysis, possible directions for improving the protection of critical infrastructure facilities were proposed, the main of which is the use of a wide range of systems and complexes of very short-range weapons. In addition, a number of problematic issues and tasks were identified that need to be considered in order to improve the protection of critical infrastructure facilities, the main of which are: safety providing of using the proposed systems directly in populated areas or near them; ensuring the rational use of the resource of weapons, ammunition and other equipment and materiel associated with the functioning of the protection systems of objects; determination of the military formation which will be responsible for infrastructure facilities protecting.


In this paper, we seek to demonstrate the predictability of stock market returns and explain the nature of this return predictability. To this end, we introduce investors with different investment horizons into the news-driven, analytic, agent-based market model developed in Gusev et al. [Algo. Finance, 2015, 4, 5–51]. This heterogeneous framework enables us to capture dynamics at multiple timescales, expanding the model's applications and improving precision. We study the heterogeneous model theoretically and empirically to highlight essential mechanisms underlying certain market behaviours, such as transitions between bull and bear markets and the self-similar behaviour of price changes. Most importantly, we apply this model to show that the stock market is nearly efficient on intraday timescales, adjusting quickly to incoming news, but becomes inefficient on longer timescales, where news may have a long-lasting nonlinear impact on dynamics, attributable to a feedback mechanism acting over these horizons. Then, using the model, we design algorithmic strategies that utilize news flow, quantified and measured, as the only input to trade on market return forecasts over multiple horizons, from days to months. The backtested results suggest that the return is predictable to the extent that successful trading strategies can be constructed to harness this predictability.


Preparation and crystal structure of {4-chloro-2-[(2-morpholinoethylimino)methyl]phenolato} methanolchlorozinc(II) are reported. The X-ray structure reveals highly distorted square pyramidal geometry around zinc, binding to one phenolate O and two imine N atoms of the Schiff base, one methanol and one chloride. The complex and its ligand were tested in vitro for antibacterial and cytotoxic activity with a wide range of bactericidal activity and significant cytotoxic activity.


The problem of SH_wave scattering by cracks of finite length originating at the boundary of a cylindrical inclusion was investigated, and the solutions of dynamic stress intensify factor at crack tip by means of Green's Function method were given.A special Green's function,which is an essential solution of displacement field for an elastic half space with a half cylindrical inclusion while bearing out_plane harmonic line source load at horizontal surface,was developed for the present problem.The integral equations were set up through crack_division technique and continuity conditions,and the solution of dynamic stress intensity factor was obtained.Finally,some examples and results of dynamic stress intensity factor were given,and the influence of cylindrical inclusion to its crack tip field was discussed.


There is a close relationship between mud diapirs and occurrences of gas hydrates in the marine sediments.While mud diapirs provide gas hydrates with abundant source material,they control gas hydrates occurrences by disturbing the thermal field.Borehole SH5 located in the Shenhu working area in the northern South China Sea shows a clear BSR in the seismic profile,but it turns out to be a sediment lack of gas hydrates by the evidence of borehole sampling.The thermal field moves upwards with higher equilibrium temperatures in the borehole SH5 below which a mud diapir and associated faults are approaching.Based on the facts above and the mud diapir's evolution in each stage,a model is proposed that the occurrence of gas hydrates is very likely to be under the control of mud diapirs in this site.During the early and intermediate stages of mud diapir growth,organic gases with low thermal conductivity and low thermal energy are converted into gas hydrates at the bottom of gas hydrate stability zone.In the late stage of mud diapir growth,fluid with high thermal energy invading the bottom of gas hydrate stability zone,makes the gas hydrate disintegrated.Then the librated free gases will move along the sediment strata and be condensed into gas hydrates again when temperature and pressure favor their formation.The borehole SH5,probably too close to a late-stage mud diapir,captures no gas hydrate.


This study investigates the effects of cutout size and position on the progressive failure characteristics of constant-stiffness and steered-fiber variable-stiffness carbon-fiber-reinforced-polymer...


Abstract The use of electric motors in automobiles has been steadily increasing since the mid 1900's. The application of speed or torque controlled motors in automobiles is fueled by the need for improved fuel economy, and the demand for vehicles with more comfort and convenience. Though the advances in power and control electronics and the developments in high-energy magnets have enhanced the cost effectiveness of such systems, many more advances will be required before large scale use of such machines in automobiles is achieved. This paper discusses the trends and challenges in introducing these motors into automotive applications. The paper also discusses the potential motor technologies and the key developments that are needed for these motors to be acceptable for automotive applications


One of the main functions of news media in democracies is informing the citizenry on day-to-day affairs. However, the way in which citizens gather news has changed as nowadays people have more opportunities than ever before to adapt their media consumption based on their preferences. One of the major game changers was the introduction of social media. This raises the question to what extent traditional media still contribute to people's knowledge of current affairs. Using a time-diary study in the Flemish media context, we investigate the influence of different forms of news consumption on current news knowledge. We conclude that traditional (print and audiovisual) media, including popular outlets, continue to be the major contributors to people's knowledge about current affairs and that social media hardly contribute at all.


deserves humble respect. This is not dualism, and there's nothing transcendent here, they point out—no grasping the incomprehensible, but rather like greeting the incomparable. Or, so they say. Hickman's Deweyan contextualism generously takes them at their word, and would hardly refuse such innocently pleasant greetings. Dewey's sprawling holistic community can prepare plenty of zoned ground to park these amusements, should they ever be needed for conversion in more serious industry. For Hickman, no experience by itself could ever warrant an apprehension that we should simply halt and take our tools somewhere else. In Hickman's artful hands, Dewey's post-Kantianism, still a technological epistemology awed by the problem-solving force of human intelligence, has trouble conversing with wisdom traditions more sensitive to the mysterious, the sacred, the tragic. These traditions nurture another kind of transactional (not necessarily transcendent!) learning, permitting them to ask, Must we try to cultivate every territory we stumble upon? We need to know how Dewey, so capable of dealing with dualisms, can be adapted further for this next urgent conversation. Hickman lays out the modern Western choice between prostrate mysticism, rationalistic idealism, and technological pragmatism. However, other possible options surely exist beyond this trichotomy, dimly visible on the horizon after we recover from Hickman's frightful spectre of dualism. A post-postKantian humanism might help here, capable of seeing how an encounter with the beyond can rightfully put us in our place. This new humanism could re-draw the geography of plotting how our species' whole being can accommodate itself to living within wild and uncaring nature without demonizing, deifying, or humanizing it. Dewey will be a valued participant in this conversation, I expect; there are more spiritual things in Dewey than are imagined in a technological philosophy. John R. Shook Center for Inquiry and University at Buffalo email@example.com


Alopecia is a kind of disease that affects patients' quality of life.Hair loss in women,with female pattern hair loss as the main reason,is increasingly attracting attention.Female pattern hair loss,also called female androgenic alopecia,can be classified according to the traditional Ludwig and Olsen classification,or the recently developed BASP classification.Getting to know the definition and clinical patterns of female pattern hair loss will be helpful to its therapy.Besides traditional therapy such as topical minoxidil,some new approaches have been introduced to the treatment of female pattern hair loss,including topical adenosine,phototherapy,hair transplantation,etc.

Key words:
Alopecia;  Female;  Therapeutics


This study examines how student and school characteristics are related to Turkish students' English language achievement in Evaluation of Student Achievement Test (OBBS) of 2009. The participants of the study involve 43707 ninth year students who were required to take OBBS in 2009. For data analysis two level hierarchical linear modeling was conducted. The findings of the study show that many variables that fall outside of the domain of language related variables influence the foreign language performance of students. Since it creates an awareness of student and school characteristics that are related to English language achievement, the study is significant for foreign language teachers and language teaching policy makers.


There are several shortest-path search algorithms such as A-star, D-star and Dijkstra. These algorithms are widely used in automotive vehicles and mobile navigation systems. As the number of nodes is increased considerably, the shortest-path algorithms implemented in software produce heavily computational overhead. In this paper, in order to avoid computational overhead, we propose a hardware model of the A-star algorithm for the shortest-path search engine. Especially, we propose shift register based on efficient hardware model and show simulation results in comparison with previous works.


The issuing of the method of final accounts making of highway engineering project not only offer a platform for cost controlling and management in highway construction,but also make cash used in project management more clear. Facing the new trend of highway construction,cost management and controlling become more and more important. Fully knowing the importance of making final accounts and the aim of it and mastering making final accounts method for highway construction have much more important and function for regulation cost management and improving project cost management level.


Arthroscopic electrosurgical tools for ablative, desiccating or coagulative effect are delivered as monopolar or bipolar probes. Monopolar electrosurgery delivers various profiles of heat energy directly to the tissue within a non-conductive irrigant (such as water or glycine) whereas bipolar electrosurgery creates an energy source by producing an electrical arc between the bipolar electrodes on the instrument head within an electro-conductive irrigation solution (saline) - and the heat generated is then transferred to the target tissues. This study investigated the heat generation within the simulated in-vitro test model to review the level of local heat production and potential local tissue heat.In a simulated In-vitro testing environment the local heat generation using bipolar or monopolar electrosurgical probes at standard power setting in either saline or water was tested, both touching and not touching a simulated tissue target, and for variable on-times.Monopolar generated relatively little heat when used in water and not touching the tissue. By contrast the bipolar wand generated potentially damaging local tissue temperature rises when used in saline and not touching the tissue. Both probes generated high local tissue heat when touching the tissue in their recommended irrigation solution.Monopolar electrosurgery delivered high localized temperature to the simulated tissue surface, but produced relatively little heat when not touching the tissue in a water solution. Bipolar however created high local temperature within the fluid adjacent to the probe irrespective if it was touching the tissue or not. Activation of the bipolar probe away from the tissue in saline irrigation may create a potential harmful temperature within the fluid medium without delivering therapeutic thermal effect to the target tissues. Monopolar electrosurgery appears to deliver a more controlled thermal effect, and only when in contact with the target tissues – potentially creating a reduced collateral thermal footprint.


The aim of this essay is to distinguish whether the activity of playing video and online computer games as a leisure activity could be considered to be a learning situation. With the focus on vocab ...


The flow of granular materials down an inclined plane is closely related to many natural hazards, such as landslides and avalanches, which can cause serious damage to life and property. Avalanches can be triggered by many different factors, such as human activities, new material falling, wind or earthquakes. When an avalanche is triggered by a local disturbance, it is not only material downstream of this disturbance that is dislodged. Material upslope of the disturbance may also collapse, through an upwards propagating erosion wave through the granular layer, or 'retrogressive failure', which separates the regions of flowing and static material. This retrogressive failure is critically dependent on physics beyond the μ(I)-rheology and, despite being one of the basic waves in granular flow, has not been modelled in detail before. Retrogressive failure increases the mass of material in an avalanche, and so understanding this process is crucial for improving predictions of runout distances and flow paths, and consequently reducing the associated risks. We use small scale lab experiments, novel theory and numerical simulations to model retrogressive failure, and apply our results to both geophysical and industrial contexts.


A complex algorithm of gradient-based second-order adaptive IIR notch filter was proposed, and the convergence characteristics about gradient algorithm and simplified algorithm were investigate. It shows that the convergence speed does not depend on the variance of input white noise; and the simplified algorithm converges faster than the gradient algorithm. At the same time, the effects of colored input noise generated by first-order autoregressive model to the convergence speed were proposed. The theoretical analyses show that the initialization of the adaptive process is related with convergence speed in colored noise. The results of computer simulation are shown which confirm the theoretical prediction.


Objective Understand the different detection methods Treponema pallidum with the results of the degree.Methods Lesions were collected after Shicheng cheek or to squeeze out exudate,cotton swab from exudate as PCR Treponema pallidum specimens,or cotton swab stick into the male urethra 2-3 cm,a female cervica l-1.5 cm as PCR based STD pathogens other specimens while admission serum samples detected as RPR.Results 2 parallel detection method chancre hard,flat condyloma and syphilitic rash of patients have significant differences,and the detection rate is a greater difference,PCR results from the higher than RPR.In addition,the STD patients simply Treponema pallidum infection accounted for 80.68% mix(71/88).Other STD infection diseases accounted for 19.32%(17/88),which combined the ball intentionally infected patients 6 cases,chlamydia trachomatis were 4 cases,the UU were 3 cases,people papilloma,2 cases of herpes simplex virus.Conclusion Although RPR and PCR is commonly used in clinical detection methods,but only screening test,not as clinical diagnosis of syphilis indicators to be done TPPA test for diagnosis,can be diagnosed.


favourable circumstances, would assume only the additional activity necessary for repair, may take on a more prolific cell-germination, culminating in a rapid form of malignant disease in one of those forms, be it named myeloid or round-celled sarcoma, or encephaloid cancer, which consists of little else than heaped up cells and their progeny. Without further preface than these few words, I will pro-


PULMONARY alveolar microlithiasis is a rare and extraordinary disease in which microscopic stones are found within the pulmonary alveoli. The lungs, which are heavy and stony hard, cut with the greatest of difficulty. As far as can be determined this disease was first described by Friedreich1 in 1856; its present name was originally used by Puhr2 in 1933. The case presented below is the third to appear in the English language. Case Report A 45-year-old Scottish chauffeur was first seen on January 2, 1942, because of abnormal pulmonary shadows on routine x-ray examination of the chest. He had been a . . .


106.18 Impossibility of solving the quintic using Cardano's solution In [1], the author formulated a modified version of Cardano's solution of the cubic using the binomial theorem of the third power and presented an alternative solution of the quartic by the modified method using the trinomial theorem of the fourth power. In the present paper, it is shown that solving the quintic and higher degree polynomial equations by the modified method using the quadrinomial theorem of the fifth power and the multinomial theorem of the power for , respectively, is impossible. (n − 1)th n th n > 5 Cardano's solution of the cubic was found by del Ferro and Tartaglia, and published by Cardano in 1545 in his book Ars Magna. We show the solution in the following (e.g. [2]). In the cubic , let . Then we have x3 + p1x + p2 = 0


The Causal Cognitive Interference Channel (CCIC) models realistic causal cognitive communication between two sender-and-receiver pairs, in which the cognitive sender causally obtains a message from the primary sender and helps forward it to the primary receiver while also sending its own message to the cognitive receiver. We propose a new coding scheme combining the Han-Kobayashi scheme, partial decode-forward relaying and modified dirty-paper coding (DPC) for the Gaussian CCIC in the half-duplex mode. The proposed scheme induces correlation between the transmit signal and the state to allow traditional DPC as well as state forwarding. An achievable rate region with joint decoding is derived. Numerical results show that the rate region for the proposed scheme is better than the Han-Kobayashi scheme and several other existing schemes. We also analyze the maximum rate for the cognitive user while keeping the primary user's rate as interference-free. Results show that, by decode-and-forward relaying, the cognitive user can achieve significant rates while not affecting the primary user's rate even in the half-duplex causal case.


This note generalizes the celebrated Bogomolov-Gieseker inequality for smooth projective surfaces over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero to projective surfaces in arbitrary characteristic with canonical singularities. We also generalize to this context some classical applications of the Bogomolov-Gieseker inequality.


Summary The extraction of Am3+ and Eu3+ from picric acid aqueous solution by N,N-1,2-ethanediyl-bis[2-(N,N-diphenyl-carbamoyl-methoxy)-benzamide] was investigated by a radioactive tracer technique. The composition of the extracted species has been determined as ML(Pic)3 (M=Eu, Am). The effect of various parameters such as pH, organic diluents, different extractants, picric acid concentration and extractants concentration on the extraction of Am3+ and Eu3+ has been studied. The extraction equilibrium mechanism has been also evaluated and discussed.