ABSTRACT The exploitation of shale gas has increasingly become the focus of worldwide energy industry. Due to the existence of natural/hydraulic fractures, most of the shale gas reservoirs exhibit high degree of heterogeneity and complexity which leads to the stress-dependent fracture conductivity of shale gas reservoir. Discrete fracture network (DFN) model is adopted in this research since the conventional continuum model cannot meet the numerical simulation requirements of fractured shale gas reservoir. A series of experiments about the fracture properties stress-dependent have been conducted on some shale core samples, the stress-dependent fracture conductivity correlation is selected and incorporated into the mathematical model to characterize the reduction of fracture conductivity potential with the reservoir pressure drop. The DFN model is applied to a shale gas reservoir with fracture network to study the effect of the stress-dependent fracture conductivity on the shale gas well performance. The results show that the effect of fracture conductivity reduction with pressure drop on the shale gas well performance depends on both the initial fracture conductivity and matrix permeability. The complex interactions between the fracture and matrix permeability should be considered when select the appropriate size of proppants for fracturing.


Finding documents related to a search result might be a challenging task when possible relevant document are hidden behind a search engine. This paper describes a semi-supervised method for extraction a topical query describing main topic of the document that can be used to link two or more databases with help of a search engine. Keyword: extraction, keyphrase extraction, tf-idf, topical query, document similarity, relevant document extraction.


In 2012 an inventory of North-West European (NWE) algae initiatives was carried out to get an impression of the market and research activities on algae production and refinery, especially for bioenergy purposes. A questionnaire was developed that would provide the EnAlgae project with information on the value chains in which algae production was positioned within these initiatives. The questionnaire was used by EnAlgae project partners to collect information in Great Britain, Ireland, Germany, Belgium, France, Switzerland, Luxemburg and the Netherlands. Information about algae initiatives originated from networks and from internet searches. Additional information was collected by bilateral contact with contact persons of several initiatives. The analysis of the results is reported here.


Using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory, we investigated systematically the electronic structures and magnetic properties of Ti monodoping and (Ti, Mg vacancy) codoping in MgO. The results indicate that a single Ti substitution of Mg prefers the ferromagnetic ground state and behaves a metallic character. In addition, it has been found that the two Ti dopants favor AFM coupling in the near configuration, whereas the FM state is more stable in the far configuration. Interestingly, the FM stability can be evidently intensified by introducing Mg vacancy. The magnetic moment mainly comes from the spin polarized Ti 3d and O 2p electrons which can be explained in terms of p-d hybridization mechanism and room temperature ferromagnetism can be expected. Furthermore, the doped Ti atoms in the MgO host have no clustering tendency. These results suggest that the Ti-doped MgO is a promising candidate material for room temperature spintronics applications.


Objective To observe the influence of the limited calorie diet on pancreas function and the nutrition of the elderly bedridden patients with T2DM. Methods 15 patients with T2DM were examined,and we compared the levels of FPG,HbA1c, fasting insulin,fasting C peptide,insulin dosage,ALB and HGB of these patients on different days before and after the limited calorie diet[from 30kcal / ( kg·d) to 20kcal / ( kg·d) ]. Results The levels of FPG,HbA1c,fasting insulin and fasting C peptide were decreased obviously on the 35th day after the limited calorie diet,on the contrary,the levels of ALB and HGB were slightly increased than before. Conclusion Limited properly calorie diet effectively reduced the level of blood glucose,improved insulin resistance,and had no bad influence on the nutritional status of the patients.


Research addressing the possible consequences of bilingualism for individuals' creative abilities has revealed a contradiction between experimental findings of bilinguals' superiority in creative tasks and real life observations of no significant relationship between being bilingual and being creative. This chapter makes an attempt to resolve this contradiction and investigates a possible effect that bilingualism might have on creative abilities. Three factors in cross-linguistic and cross-cultural experiences of bilingual individuals are examined: language proficiency, age of second language acquisition, and experience and participation in two cultures. The empirical study with Russian-English bilingual immigrants living in the United States and English monolingual native speakers revealed that cross-linguistic factors in bilinguals' development had an influence on their divergent thinking abilities, which is a necessary component of creative thought. These findings suggest that although bilingualism may lay the foundation of creative thinking it does not necessarily imply being creative. To account for these findings, a cross-language transfer is proposed as a cognitive mechanism facilitating divergent thinking in bilinguals. A specific architecture of bilingual memory in which two lexicons are mutually linked to the shared conceptual system is theorized to facilitate the functioning of the cross-language transfer. The present study contributes to creativity research by examining the effect of bilingualism on creative thinking. It will start out with a brief survey of existing literature on the relationship between bilingualism and creativity and discuss an apparent contradiction therein. Although it is suggested that bilinguals show greater performance on creativity tests, we do not see outbursts of creativity among nationals of bilingual countries. To account for this contradiction, the study will offer a perspective on the relationship between bilingualism and creativity, in which bilingualism facilitates divergent thinking. Divergent thinking is assumed as a necessary but not sufficient trait of creative behavior. Subsequently, it will present empirical findings indicating the factors in bilingual development that may contribute to bilinguals' superiority in divergent thinking. The following discussion will outline a model of bilingual memory, whose structure is suggested to facilitate cognitive processes underlying this trait. It will specifically


The Wasatch Front in Utah, USA is currently a non-attainment area for ozone according to the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO2 + NO) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the presence of sunlight lead to ozone formation in the troposphere. When the rate of oxidant production, defined as the sum of O3 and NO2, is faster than the rate of NOx production, a region is said to be NOx-limited and ozone formation will be limited by the concentration of NOx species in the region. The inverse of this situation makes the region VOC-limited. Knowing if a region is NOx-limited or VOC-limited can aid in generating effective mitigation strategies. Understanding the background or regional contributions to ozone in a region, whether it be from the transport of precursors or of ozone, provides information about the lower limit for ozone concentrations that a region can obtain with regulation of local precursors. In this paper, measured oxidant and NOx concentrations are analyzed from 14 counties in the state of Utah to calculate the regional and local contributions to ozone for each region. This analysis is used to determine the nature of the atmosphere in each county by determining if the region is VOC- or NOx-limited. Furthermore, this analysis is performed for each county for the years 2012 and 2022 to determine if there has been a change in the oxidative nature and quantify the regional and local contributions to ozone over a 10-year period. All studied counties—except for Washington County—in Utah were found to be VOC-limited in 2012. This shifted in 2022 to most counties being either in a transitional state or being NOx-limited. Local contributions to ozone increased in two major counties, Cache and Salt Lake Counties, but decreased in Carbon, Davis, Duchesne, Uinta, Utah, Washington, and Weber Counties. Generally, the regional contributions to oxidant concentrations decreased across the state. A summertime spike in both regional and local contributions to oxidants was seen. Smoke from wildfires was seen to increase the regional contributions to oxidants and shift the local regime to be more NOx-limited.


The invention relates to image sensors using a chip corners coupes.Le sensor comprises a chip with cut corners comprising a matrix (10) of horizontal lines and vertical columns of photosensitive elements, the matrix having a generally rectangular shape of width horizontal L and having four bevels, the sensor comprising as many current or voltage read blocks as there are matrix columns, to read the image signals detected by the photosensitive elements, characterized in that the blocks current or voltage read are arranged in a row (30, 30 ') along a horizontal edge of the matrix of width L' and all housed within a vertical strip, the width L1 is substantially less than the maximum width L of the matrix. There are two rows of current read blocks superimposed with blocks distributed with the same pitch as the columns of pixels, or a single row, with reading blocks distributed with a pitch smaller than that of columns of sensors pixels.Application radiological intraoral, in CMOS technology.


The endosymbiont Wolbachia manipulates host reproduction by several strategies, one of the most important of which is cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI). CI can be rescued when Wolbachia-infected (WI) males mate with females infected with the same Wolbachia strain. However, the potential rescue mechanism of CI in the small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus is unclear. In this study, comparative transcriptome analysis was applied to explore the effect of Wolbachia on L. striatellus eggs. A total of 1387 differentially expressed genes were identified. RNAi of seven Wolbachia-upregulated key planthopper genes reduced egg reproduction, suggesting that Wolbachia might improve fecundity in L. striatellus by affecting these seven genes. Suppressing the expression of another upregulated gene, NDUFA8 (encoding NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8-like) by RNAi significantly increased the mortality of early embryos without affecting the number of deposited eggs. Wolbachia infection upregulated the mRNA level of NDUFA8, and dsNDUFA8 treatment of WI females re-created CI-like symptoms, suggesting that NDUFA8 is associated with the rescue phenotype. Because all L. striatellus populations worldwide are infected with Wolbachia, NDUFA8 is a potential pest control target. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The software system must work in an acceptable degree of reliability and quality. There are lots of interpretative methods to forecast the reliability of software system, such as stochastic modelling, queueing systems and network models, neural networks models, etc. But these approaches contain some limitations. A grey system theory approach is proposed in this paper. It gives the grey model for software system reliability estimation. Forecast data is got by grey model, and compared with the actual data. It is fitting well between these two data sets.


The cognitive style of reflection-impulsivity is pegged at one end by a slow, careful consideration of possible solutions and at the other end by a relatively unthinking, fast response (Kagan, et al., 1964). The usual measure 1s a matching-to-sample cask called Matching Familiar Figures (MFF). Any discussion of cognitive style must take into account a possible correlation with intelligence. Kagan, et al. (1966) correlated both response time and errors on the MFF with an estimate of verbal IQ derived from the Vocabulary and Information subtescs of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) . The correlations were .18 (boys) and .10 (girls) for response time and -.21 (boys) and -.22 (girls) for errors. The MFF is clearly a performance measure; its correlation with Peformance subtests of the WISC is of interest. All 52 second-graders in a parochial school were given both full tests. Half were given each test first; order of testing proved to be important. Children tested with the MFF first took an average of 141.9 sec. in comparison to an average of 190.3 sec. for those given the WISC first ( t = 4.7, p < .04). Children tested with the MFF first answered more impulsively: 11.0 errors as compared to 9.1 for those given the WISC first ( t = 3.1, p < .08) . These findings bear on two issues. First, rhe WISC clearly affected the cognitive style of the children, pushing it toward the reflection end of the reflection-impulsivity dimension. This suggests that the MFF should be given first if it is to be a valid measure of refleaion-impulsivity. This comment does not apply to the WISC, for which there was no order effect. Second, giving the WISC first surely affected rs between the MFF and the WISC. This expectation was borne out: when the WISC was given first, all six rs between it (Verbal, Performance, and Total IQ) and time and errors on the MFF were low and insignificanr. The ss when the MFF was given first were somewhat higher (see Table 1 ) . There was a s~gnlficant negative r between errors on the MFF and performance IQ. The rs for the three subtests that a priofi appear like the MFF were Block Design (-.40), Picture Arrangement (-.34), and Object Assembly (-.29). These rs may be compared to the average intercorrelation of the five WISC performance subscales for our sample ( . 2 3 ) or in the 7-yr.-old WISC standardization sample ( .32).


The aim of this research was to determine the pregnancy rate for J-Synch protocol comparing to the conventional protocol for FTAI. It was enrolled a total of 785 cycling (presence of corpus luteum in the beginning of the protocol) Nelore (n = 211) and Crossbreed (½ Nelore vs. Angus; n = 574) heifers. The animals were kept on pasture with mineral supplementation ad libitum. The females were equally distributed in two groups, J-Synch (n = 391) and Control (n = 394), according to the body condition score (J-Synch = 3.40 ± 0.25; Control = 3.45 ± 0.19). On D0 all animals received an intravaginal release progesterone device (1.2 g of P4; Fertilcare 1200®, Valee, previously used for 16 days) and a treatment with 2 mg of Estradiol Benzoate im (Fertilcare Sincronizacao®, Vallee). For the JSynch group, the device were removed on D6, followed by the administration of 200 UI of eCG im (Folligon®, MSD Animal Health) and 0.265 mg of sodium cloprostenol im (Ciosin®, MSD Animal Health).Three days after (72 hours), it was administrated 100 µg of gonadorelin i.m. (Cystorelin®, Merial Animal Health) and the FTAI was proceeded. On the Control group, the device was removed on D8 simultaneously to the administration of 0.5 mg of estradiol cypionate i.m (ECP®, Zoetis), 200 UI of eCG i.m. (Folligon®, MSD Animal Health) and 0.5 mg of sodium cloprostenol i.m (Ciosin®, MSD Animal Health). The FTAI was performed on D10 (48 hours after device removal). The pregnancy diagnostic was performed 30 days after FTAI. The data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS®. No interaction was observed between protocol and breed on pregnancy rate [JSynch*Nelore = 47.1% (48/102); J-Synch*Cruzada = 55.0% (159/289); Control*Nelore = 48.6% (53/109); Control*Crossbreed = 55.4% (158/285); P = 0.89]. There was no difference on pregnancy rate between treatment, which was 53.6% (211/394) for the Control group and 52.9% (207/391) for the J-Synch group (P = 0.80). Furthermore, no difference was found on pregnancy rate between breeds, Nelore 47.9% (101/211) and Crossbreed 55.2% (317/574; P = 0.07). In conclusion, the J-Synch protocol presents similar pregnancy rate to the conventional protocol for FTAI in Nelore and Crossbreed heifers. These results indicate that there is a possibility to use these different protocols with the same efficiency. The J-Synch protocol represents a new alternative of reproductive schedule for FTAI in Nelore and Crossbreed heifers.


The invention provides an airborne SAL vibration estimation method, and the method comprises the steps: enabling an airborne SAL to employ an along-track dual-detector, and obtaining a distance Doppler spectrum of the dual detector based on an echo signal of the dual detector; cutting the distance Doppler spectrum of the dual detector based on the width of the azimuth spectrum of a vibration signal; splicing the cut distance Doppler spectrums of the dual detector, and obtaining a reference signal; obtaining a multiple correlation coefficient of adjacent slow time pulse blocks of the reference signal, and obtaining a slope distance error of the vibration signal. The method employs the dual detector, can select detectors with a smaller photosensitive surface and a bigger bandwidth, and improves the imaging slope distance resolution. Through splicing the azimuth spectrums of the two detectors, the method enlarges the along-track view field, and achieves the azimuth direction high-resolution imaging of the airborne SAL. The method avoids the constraint that an isolated strong point needs to be disposed in a scene in PGA processing, and enables the airborne SAL to be able to obtain an azimuth direction high-resolution image under the conditions of low signal to noise ratio and no isolated strong point.


The integrative shielding system based on boron polyethylene,lead and lead glass is designed and esta blished for the effective use of the photo-electrical receiving system of high energy X-ray flash radiography in the surroundings of 252Cf radiation.The theoretical analysis indicated that the influence of typical research levels of radiation relative to the noise of the charge-coupled device(CCD) camera was small when suitable shielding measures were used.The experiments based on this theoretical analysis indicate that the background gray scale noise due to the radiation in the CCD camera is less than the inherent background noise of the scientific-level CCD.The ratio of the white-dot noise that is created by radiation directly in the CCD chip is about 1 pixel/104 pixels,so the imaging quality can be ensured.


The purpose of this study is to ascertain the connection between parental motivation and academic accomplishment. The research technique employed is a quantitative correlation method. strategies for gathering data include observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The t test and product moment correlation test are both used in the analysis technique. The results demonstrated that parental motivation had an impact on students' learning outcomes at SMA Negeri 3 Tana Toraja in geography as indicated by tcount = 31,854 > ttable 2,015, and the determinant coefficient was 85%, meaning that parental motivational variables accounted for 85% of the variance in students' learning outcomes and that the remaining 15% was influenced by other factors. Parental motivation is a strong predictor of student learning results. Parents' behavior is adequate to inspire youngsters to engage in learning activities


Background: 19F-labeled 2-nitroimidazoles bound to hypoxic cells in tumors are known to be useful probes for measuring hypoxia since they can allow for their non-invasive detection by 19F nuclear magnetic resonance, provided that they do not lose 19F during their hypoxia-mediated metabolism. Two such compounds, N-(m-trifluoromethylbenzyl)-3-(2-nitro-1imidazolyl)-propylamine hydrochloride (mTFN-1) and 5,6dimethyl-4-[3-(2-nitro-1-imidazolyl)-propylamino]-2trifluoromethylpyrimidine hydrochloride (CF3PM) were selected from a series of analogs, for their in vivo evaluation, based on their high solubility in saline and low toxicity in mice. Materials and Methods: MRS experiments were performed in anesthetized C3H mice bearing SCCVII tumors in their flanks. Fluorinated compounds, mTFN-1 or CF3PM, were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) at a dose of 110 or 150 mg/kg, respectively, in 0.75 mL saline. A 0.9 cm surface coil tuned to fluorine frequency was positioned directly over the tumor, the head, or the liver and 1800 transients were collected over 20 min in a Bruker Omega 4.7 T instrument. Spectroscopic measurements were taken at 2, 7 and 19 h post injection of the fluorinated drug. Results: CF3PM was detected in the plasma up to 2 h post injection with maximum concentration observed 30 min post administration. In the MRS studies, mTFN-1 signal in the tumor was 68.8, 86.8 and 27.2% of the reference at 1-2, 6-7 and 18-19 h post injection, respectively. The corresponding values in the brain were 0, 125.7 and 26.6%, respectively, whereas the corresponding values in the liver were 359.3, 307.7 and 0%, respectively. CF3PM signal in the tumor was 3.3, 57.7 and 7.1% of the reference at 1-2, 6-7 and 18-19 h post injection, respectively. The corresponding values in the liver were 267.6, 60.5 and 0%, respectively. No CF3PM signal was detected in the brain at any time interval. Conclusion: These results suggest that CF3PM could be used as a potential probe for measuring hypoxia in tumors by 19F-MRS. Evidence from clinical investigations strongly suggests that tumor hypoxia is a serious detriment to curative anticancer therapies in at least some human cancer types. The identification and quantification of hypoxic cells in the tumors of patients undergoing treatment therefore is of considerable importance (1). Bioreductively activated nitroimidazoles have been used as probes for measuring tumor-hypoxia by immunohistochemistry (2). However, non-invasive techniques for measuring hypoxia in tumors, such as with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), are highly desirable. 19F-MRS probe molecules are particularly useful in biology because of the relatively high sensitivity for detection (0.83% that of 1H) and low endogenous background. Therefore, appropriately fluorinated 2nitroimidazoles have been synthesized for the non-invasive detection of hypoxia in human cancers (3-5). Nitroimidazoles undergo a hypoxia-dependent, one electron reduction catalyzed by cellular reductases, resulting in reactive intermediates that form covalent adducts with cellular components (6, 7). Since the adducts are cleared at a slower rate compared to the parent 2-nitroimidazole, the degree of hypoxia within the tumors can be assessed by measurement of residual (metabolized) drug after "washout" of the original compound. However, only those probes with multiple fluorine substitution or which can be given in relatively high doses (in the order of 0.1 mmol of magnetically equivalent fluorine atoms per kilogram) are suitable for MRS/magnetic resonance imaging studies (8). Other important design criteria for these probes include their chemical/biological stability (other than due to hypoxic bioreduction), pharmacokinetic/toxicity considerations such as tumor-toplasma and brain-to-plasma partition coefficients (which are in turn related to lipophilicity/ hydrophilicity) as well as normoxic toxicity. In addition to these considerations, signal attenuation due to macromolecular binding and its influence on the 3259 Correspondence to: Maria V. Papadopoulou, Ph.D. Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, Department of Radiation Medicine, 2650 Ridge Avenue, Evanston, IL 60201 U.S.A. Tel: (847)570-2262, Fax: (847)570-1878, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


Glass samples of composition (in mol%) 20PbO-20TeO2-(60 – x)B2O3-xNd2O3 (x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) were prepared by melt quenching. The glassy nature of as-quenched samples was established via differential scanning calorimetry. The amorphous nature of the glasses was confirmed via powder X-ray diffraction measurements. Judd–Ofelt (JO) analysis based on UV–visible absorption spectra was performed to determine JO parameters Ωλ (λ = 2, 4, 6). The observed trend is Ω2 > Ω6 > Ω4. The large value of Ω2 indicates the presence of covalent bonding between the Nd3+ ions and the surrounding ligands. Radiative properties, such as radiative transition probabilities, branching ratios, and radiative lifetimes are estimated. The glass samples have relatively high branching ratio, and their emission (Aem) to excited state absorption (AESA) intensity ratio is higher than one for the 4F3/2 → 4I11/2 transition, indicating that the prepared glasses may have potential laser applications.


A mechanism for adding and/or modifying annotations in embedded content from an embedding source is presented herein. The mechanism enables a developer of a website or application to add or modify annotations in embedded or referred content without owning the content. The mechanism may apply a set of annotation parameters including text, type (e.g., info cards), size (e.g., length/width), location (e.g., x/y coordinates), time (e.g., start/stop times), and/or a hyperlink (e.g., navigation endpoint) to add or modify the annotations within the content. Thus, the developer may use the mechanism to render and display the annotations at particular times and locations when the content is playing, as well as specifying what happens when the annotations are selected. The content may include video, audio, social media posts, or the like.


Gyrinid beetles have paired pygidial glands producing a secretion consisting of both a high molecular weight fraction, rendering them toxic for predatory fish, and usually also volatile fractions (8 of 10 north European Gyrinus species), which act as alarm signals. The presence of multi-species aggregations on the water surface raises the question whether the pygidial secretion of one species can elicit an escape response in other species. There were no differences in escape reaction to signals between two strongly scented species (G. aeratus and G. substriatus) and one species without obvious scent (G. opacus ). Furthermore, signals were received across the species borders, although only the two species emitting volatile components were able to alarm other individuals. The two scented species (G. aeratus and G, substriatus) often aggregate in large groups on open water, whereas the unscented species (G. opacus and G. minutus) rarely do so, but preferably occur singly or in loose groups among the emergent marginal vegetation of various standing waters. This suggests that the presence of alarm signals is correlated with behaviour and habitat choice. Furthermore, the putatively weak competitor G. opacus spends significantly more time below the water surface than G. substriatus, perhaps as a result of it lacking an alarm function. The occasional presence of individuals of the two unscented species in large aggregates of G. aeratus on open surface, may indicate that they may take advantage of the alarm signals produced by individuals of another species and as result escape approaching danger. It is not known whether G. opacus and G. minutus have lost the ability to produce volatile alarm substances or whether they never have had it. Comparisons with the ca 11000-year-old subfossil localities of G. opacus, however, indicate that at least from that date this species has inhabited localities similar to the present with respect to predation risks and other properties, i.e. mainly small, predatory fish-free waters.


The path by which green entrepreneurial orientation( GEO) is transformed into organizational performance has been a focus of academic enquiries. This study brings forth the concept of green dynamic capabilities( GDC),and builds a conceptual model of GEO influence on business growth in new service enterprises with GDC as a mediating variable and environmental uncertainty as an adjustment variable. Through an empirical study with a sample of 215 firms from five cities in China,it is found that GDC plays a partial mediating role between GEO and business growth in new service enterprises,and environmental uncertainty plays a positive regulatory role therein as well as between GEO and GDC.


The N -level uniform quantizer on [-c,c] plus the assignment of y_{0}\deg = -(a _{s}+ c)/2 and y_{N+1}\deg = (a_{s}+ c)/2 to signal values falling in the saturation regions [-a_{s},- c) and (c,a_{s}] , respectively, is shown to be the minimax (N + 2) -level quantizer with a nonsaturating input range [-c,c] . The performance criterion considered is the mean weighted quantization error and the input signals are only required to be amplitude bounded by \pm a_{s} where a_{s} > c > 0 . The worst case input signal marginal probability distributions are shown to be discrete. From the derivation of this result, the minimax error can be computed. An example is given which illustrates the performance of the minimax quantizer for several input ranges against different input signal probability distributions.


Former Turkish Civil Code Article 153/1 was in the form: ?Wife, carries her husband's family name?. In this regard, according to the changes made in 1997 women last names, was granted the right to use her husband's surname with. Finally, in 2002, it entered into force, 4721 in New Turkish Civil Code Article 187. line within, It accepted that women use their maiden name with the surname of her husband. This provision, which respond to the needs, is treated in accordance with the principle of equality and are thought to end the discussion on this subject. However, the real debate should be initiated after the change of the legislator.


PG RT is an environment for the integration of tools and systems for instrumentation, performance visual-ization, and analysis of complex real-time systems. A part of PG RT is the Visual Objects framework for rapid prototyping and development of object-oriented, on-line, adaptive, application-speciic performance visu-alizations. PG RT uses CORBA technology to provide real-time applications and systems with convenient access to visual objects. Many complex visual objects may be distributed over a number of graphical workstations in a local area network to provide rich visual-ization in real time. The visual objects can be directly accessed from a distributed real-time application, or| in order to eliminate the intrusion of CORBA to the application|via a distributed instrumentation system called BRISK, which is a component of PG RT. We demonstrate the PG RT environment by instrumenting and visualizing a distributed real-time multimedia application .


This work starts with a study on an alternative method of calculation of net voltage variations and losses in an Electric Power Distribution Network RDEE, after the occurrence of disturbances. This method is based on the Tellegen ́s Theorem and the Concept of Adjoint Networks. As original contribution of this work two programs of optimization have been developed, on the basis of the minimum losses of a RDEE the Single Link Exchange and the Double Link Exchange. The calculations of the net voltages and the losses in the network always have been calculated with resource to the alternative method initially developed. All these programs have been developed through MATLAB. Index Terms Electric Power Distribution Network, Tellegen ́s Theorem, Adjoint Networks, Single Link Exchange, Double Link Exchange.


A single channel model of the application of High A spect Ratio Cooling Channels (HARCC) to a typical expander cycle engine was designed and tested. Aspect ratios of 4 and 8 were tested at Reynolds numbers between 800,000 and 2,000,000. The test section is asymmetrically heated with a heat flux of approximately 1 Btu/(in 2 -s) applied to a superscale model of the channel. All the walls except fo r the heated wall are designed to be adiabatic. Supercritical nitrogen is used to simula te hydrogen at a reduced temperature and pressure comparable with rocket cooling operation. The test article is 32.5 inches long, with 20 inches of heated section, 0.30 inches in width, with an open flow width of 0.10 inches. One side wall of the test section is instrumented with 105 thermocouples to capture the temperature contour of the fin. Local Nusselt numbers are reported for the fin and web portions of the test section, and a comparison is m ade with traditional Nusselt number correlations. The results provide detailed data for CFD validation purposes and empirical model comparisons. There is a large dissimilarity b etween the calculated Nusselt numbers along the web as compared to the fin of the test se ction. This follows from the classical assumptions of uniform bulk temperature and highlights the limits of traditional Nu approximations when applied to non-tubular asymmetric heating.


We consider the six-vertex model with Domain Wall Boundary Conditions in $N\times N$ square lattice. Our main interest is the study of the fluctuations of the extremal lattice path about the arctic curves. We address the problem through Monte Carlo simulations. At $\Delta=0$, the fluctuations of the extremal path along any line parallel to the square diagonal were rigorously proven to follow the Tracy-Widom distribution. We provide strong numerical evidence that this is true also for other values of the anisotropy parameter $\Delta$ ($0\leq \Delta<1$). We argue that the typical width of the fluctuations of the extremal path about the arctic curves scales as $N^{1/3}$ and provide a numerical estimate for the parameters of the scaling random variable.


In the Internet of Things (IoT) scenario, the deployment of integrated environments have pushed forward the collaboration of heterogeneous devices to match wide-ranging user requirements. However, several open challenges need to be solved such as the intrinsic unreliability of IoT devices as well as the variety in users' preferences when sharing their devices. In this paper, we give a contribution by proposing a novel hybrid paradigm to support the cooperation among IoT devices and exploit their unused resources. Our solution is based on the Social IoT concept (SIoT), where objects are connected to the Internet create a dynamic social network based on the rules set by their owner. In particular, we introduce the concept of Social Mobile-IoT Clouds (SMICs), where heterogeneous devices combine their resources to serve other co-location devices requirements. In the proposed mechanism, the notion of object sociality is considered to build the required trustworthiness among devices. To this aim, we make use of a Many to Many (M–M) assignment game based on matching theory to support the cooperation among devices. Our simulation results confirm the enhancements achievement in terms of percentage of resources being successfully assigned.


The technical colleges in Northern Ireland are finding an opportunity to develop in the area between school level‐work (with which many of them were until recently involved) and advanced courses.


Nowadays, data plays a unique role in various fields. Based on the background of the era of big data, this paper collects user evaluations of certain commodities and labels the evaluations into positive emotions and negative emotions. We propose an intelligent recommendation algorithm based on Naive Bayes algorithm, which determines the user's preference for a product according to the user's opinion on a product, then uses the collaborative filtering algorithm to recommend other similar products according to the similarity between the product and other products, so as to realize the recommendation of other similar products. This can not only help users choose more goods in the environment, but also maximize the value of goods. In this paper, bayesian classifier was used for prediction, and the accuracy reached about 97%.


10.3408 / jafst.794 ) The concealed information test ( CIT ) is a psychophysiological memory-detec-tion technique. The judgment to assess whether an examinee recognizes crime-relevant information is based on the diŠerence in autonomic responses between the crime-relevant information and the crime-irrelevant information. The present study examined the within-questionnaire consistency of the diŠerential physiological responses, which is a key point in the above judgment. The mock theft CIT data ob-tained from 167 participants were modeled into three possible models, and Bayesian estimation of parameters and model selection were performed. Results of model selection implied that participants in the encoding group were not clearly divided into high consistency responders and non-responders. Bayesian estimates of parameters revealed that the within-questionnaire consistency of the diŠerential physiological responses had diŠerent characteristics among the physiological measures. Most participants showed high consistency for heart rate and respiratory speed, while some participants show low consistency for skin conductance response, respiratory


A permucosal composition designed so that a pharmacologically active peptide or protein is efficiently absorbed through a mucosa such as pulmonary mucosa, nasal mucosa, mouth mucosa, vaginal mucosa, ocular mucosa, gastric mucosa, or the mucosa of digestive tract. The permucosal composition is prepared by incorporating the following ingredients (i) and (ii): (i) at least one member selected from the group consisting of physiologically active peptides and proteins; and (ii) at least one member selected from the group consisting of chitosanoligosaccharides having a degree of polymerization of 2-20, derivatives thereof, glucosamine, and salts of these.


Using a metaphor borrowed from the biological sciences, this article discusses a "natural history" of internet use. As "digital natives" many of today's teenagers and young people have grown up and matured interacting with the internet from an early age. Research about young people's internet use tends, however, to focus on the protection of minors. Young people, 16 years or older, are often excluded from non-commercial research about how young people grow into more mature patterns of internet use. This article highlights how parents with teenagers are building dynamic models of their children's engagement with the internet as they mature. Parents reported changes in the level of their children's internet use as they age and they envisage further changes as their children mature. We also identify the variety of ways in which parents support their children's developing internet skills that anticipate and respond to internet risks and excessive internet use.


Abstract Bis(hexamethylene)triamine-pentakis(methylphosphonic acid) (BTPMP) was investigated for its inhibiting action on corrosion of Fe500D reinforcement steel. Results of gravimetric studies inferred that 10 mM of BTPMP is effective in corrosion control of the steel in saturated calcium hydroxide solution tainted by chloride ions. According to the electrochemical studies, the interface of the metal/solution exhibits higher charger transfer resistance and lower constant phase element values in the presence of BTPMP. The open circuit potential (OCP) measurements indicate that the presence of BTPMP shifts OCP values of steel in concrete in positive direction. The nature of the film is protective as observed from prolonged time taken for failure of BTPMP-protected rebar compared with unprotected rebar during accelerated corrosion tests. Furthermore, it is observed that the bond strength between concrete and steel is unaffected by the inhibitor film. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


On the basis of the actuality of China' s cemented carbide industry, this paper illustrates the major achievements made in technological innovation. The existing problems and development orientation are also put forward.


An decomposition-based optimization algorithm is presented for scheduling large-scale job shops with the objective of minimizing total weighted tardiness. In each iteration, we first define a new subproblem which contains a subset of operations selected from the original problem, and then we solve this newly defined subproblem using a genetic algorithm. Before each subproblem is solved, bottleneck machines are identified by a statistical method to reflect the characteristic information concerning the impending subproblem. Then, the characteristic information is used to determine the encoding scheme for the genetic algorithm. Numerical computational results show that the proposed algorithm is effective for solving large-scale scheduling problems.


Background: Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in the patients with implanted coronary stents is related with serious risks of haemorrhage related to dual antiplatelet therapy on the one hand and stent thrombosis if antiplatelet therapy is interrupted on the other hand. Therefore, the main objective in these patients is the correction of thrombocytopenia and continuous use of antiplatelet drugs.
Case report: We present the patient with implanted stents after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and severe ITP who was successfully treated with splenectomy. After the patient experienced AMI, primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with implantation of stents has been performed. Thrombocytopenia (21 × 109/L) was registered for the first time after PCI intervention when it has been noticed a massive hematoma of whole right arm at the site of radial artery puncture. Immediately after the intervention dual antiplatelet therapy and prednisone has been started. Since corticosteroids and azathioprine treatment proved unsuccessful (platelet count <10 × 109/L), the patient has been prepared for splenectomy with intravenous immunoglobulins. As the platelet count was in stable range (40-50 × 109/L) after splenectomy, antiplatelet therapy has been readministered safely.
Conclusion: As there are no definitive guidelines for treatment of patients with ITP and implanted stents, the treatment should be individualized to minimize risk of hemorrhagic as well as thrombotic complications. Our case suggests that splenectomy is an available and safe treatment for these patients. However, decision on splenectomy is a challenge; and before the surgical intervention the risk-benefit assessment should be considered.


Abstract.  1. Pitfall trapping is one of the most widely used arthropod sampling techniques. However, relative species abundance in pitfall trap catches differs from that found using quadrat samples. This difference, here termed bias, reflects the fact that pitfall trap catch is influenced not only by abundance but also by other factors, including activity, which may be linked to body size. Here, we investigate whether the bias affecting pitfall trap catches of a particular species is related to the typical body mass of individuals of that species.


In the recent years, the diffracted wavefield has gained increasing attention in the field of applied seismics. While classical seismic imaging and inversion schemes mainly focus on high-amplitude reflected measurements, the faint and often masked diffracted wavefield is neglected or even treated as noise. In order to be able to extract depth-velocity models from seismic reflection data, sufficiently large source-receiver offsets are needed. However, the acquisition of such multi-channel seismic data is expensive and often only feasible for the hydrocarbon industry, while academia has to cope with low-fold or zero-offset data. The diffracted wavefield is the key for extracting depth velocities from such data, as the moveout of diffractions – in contrast to reflections – can be measured in the zero-offset domain. Recently, we have demonstrated on multi-channel, single-channel and passive seismic data that by means of wavefront tomography depth-velocity models can be retrieved solely based on diffractions or passive seismic events along with the localizations of these scatterers. The input for wavefront tomography are so-called wavefront attributes, which can be extracted from the data in an unsupervised fashion by means of coherence analysis. In order to obtain the required diffraction-only data, we use a recently proposed scheme that adaptively subtracts the high-amplitude reflected wavefield from the raw data. Due to their most common acquisition geometry, most ground-penetrating-radar (GPR) data inherently lack offsets. In addition, GPR data generally contain a rich diffracted wavefield, which in turn contains information about sought-after structures, as diffractions are caused by small-scale heterogeneities such as faults, tips or edges. In this work, we show an application of the suggested workflow – coherence analysis, diffraction separation and diffraction wavefront tomography – to GPR data acquired at a glacier, resulting in a depth-velocity model and the localizations of the scatterers, both obtained in a fully unsupervised fashion. While the resulting  velocity model may be used for depth migration of the raw data, the localizations of the scatterers may in addition provide important information on the inner structure of the glacier in order to, for instance, localize water intrusions or fractures.


Objective To investigate mCD14 protein expression in peripheral monocytes from patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS),and to analyze the value of mCD14 protein expression.Methods Avidin biotin-peroxidase complex technique was used to determine mCD14 protein expression in peripheral monocytes in 5 ARDS patients and 10 normal subjects.Results The percentages of mCD14-positive monocytes in 5 patients with ARDS and 10 healthy volunteers are 94 3%±1 5% and 93 6%±1 7% respectively,there was no significance difference between the two groups( P 0 05).Conclusion It is suggested that monocytes both in patients with ARDS and in normal subjects may have a strong potential recongnizing ability to lipopolysaccharide(LPS). [


The particularity and complexity of the minimally invasive surgical environment may cause the transmitted surgical video to jitter. For jittery video in minimally invasive surgery (MIS), this paper proposed a video stabilization method based on feature matching and improved affine motion model. Firstly, the feature points are extracted and matched using Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) algorithm. Secondly, for the cumulative error problem, an improved motion model is established on the basis of sequential reference frame which extends adjacent two frames to adjacent multiple frames. Lastly, adjacent frames are transformed and motion compensation is implemented. The experimental results of jittery video in MIS show that the proposed algorithm has high matching precision and small cumulative error.


Four new species of Pseudochironomus Malloch were recorded in Brazilian highlands, three from Atlantic forest and one from Amazon Forest. Adult males and immature stages of Pseudochironomus ruah sp. n., P. jordensis sp. n . and adult males of P. mocidade sp. n ., P. surianae sp. n. are described and illustrated. Adult males and females of P. ruah sp. n. were associated using DNA barcodes along with a NJ tree for all Pseudochironomini barcoding sequences publicly available. An emendation to generic diagnoses is provided, once it is the first time that thoracic acrostichals have been described for Pseudochironomus species.


[Object] The study was to provide a reference for organ development and molecular study. [Method] Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim. was used as an experiment material, total soluble sugar, reducing sugar and starch contents of tissue culture as indexes, the metabolism of carbohydrates in cultures of Fritllaria ussuriensis Maxim. during different stages of tissue culture were studied. [Result] The total soluble sugar and reducing sugar contents showed decrease and then increase trend in cultures of Fritillaria ussuriensis during different stages, and reached their maximum of 53.41 and 9.23 mg/g at a bulblet growing stage (bulblet-2). Total starch contents showed increase-decrease-increase trend in cultures. At callus stage reached their minimum of 42.32 mg/g, and reached maximum of 84.06 mg/g at a bulblet expanding stage (bulblet-2). [Conclusion] The mechanism of the metabolism of carbohydrates was verified, which provided a theoretical basis for organ development.


This chapter aims to reconstruct the phonetics of the Spoken Old Tibetan. By the way this promises also a help to the solution of the basic questions of the Tibetan orthography. The first group of sources is of course Written Old Tibetan. The orthography sometimes reveals in other cases hides the pronunciation. The inconsequences of the orthography, the possible range of orthographic variants, typical orthographical errors, the various forms of the same proper nouns may offer effective help to the reconstruction of Spoken Old Tibetan. To the second group of sources pertain Tibetan texts or isolated words written with, scripts other than Tibetan. This group is very heterogeneous. Chinese, Khotanese Brahmi, various Turkic scripts, even sources written with the Arabic script preserved Tibetan words. To the third group pertain the foreign words and names written with the tibetan alphabetin a form adapted to the orthographic rules.Keywords:orthography; Spoken Old Tibetan; Tibetan


Two skulls have been found during basement construction of Balai Pemuda Building in the depth of 6-7 meters from the ground. Those skulls have been coded as skull 16089 and 16090. The maxillary teeth of skull 16090 was almost in complete formation and there was an evidence of dental modification similar to dental modification found in Java. To identify the pattern of dental modification, macroscopic observation is needed. Also, the comparative study will be used to find the link between the pattern of dental modifications. The result is that the pattern of dental modification on the skull 160690 is hexagon-like shaped. The "hexagon-like" pattern is very similar to what was found in Kedaton Temple and Upas Well which had diamond-like pattern.


This paper covers the researches about the root distribution characters of Salix psammophyla and Caragana Korshinskii in Mu Us sandy land.Research showed:Both Salix psammophyla and Caragana Korshinskii are taproot type plants,and Salix psammophyla has more developed lateral root.For a three-year-old Salix psammophyla,the horizontal range of root system can reach a radius of 160cm,and mainly in 40cm which can account for 78.73%;The root of Caragana Korshinskii is mainly 60cm in radius,and which account for 78.58%.Root of Salix psammophyla is mainly less than 60cm in depth,and for Caragana Korshinskii,there is a mass of root in 30-90 cm soil layer.


ACCORDING TO THE TRANSMISSION THE INVENTION INCLUDING A CLUTCH FLUID 14 BY COMPONENTS AND ROTOR TURBINE AND CLUTCH LOCK 22 TO LOCK THOSE FACTORS SET. A FIRST SHAFT 20 IS CONNECTED TO THE TURBINE ELEMENT AND ENTRY PULLEY 48 MECHANISM OF VARIABLE SPEED PROGRESSIVE WHICH INCLUDES ALSO PULLEY AND BELT OUT 56 LINKING THE TWO BLOCKS. GAME GEAR PLANETARY PRELIMINARY REVERSE 24, WITH A CLUTCH AND BRAKE, DETERMINE THE ROTATION PULLEY ENTRY FOR ROTATION DATA FIRST TREE. A SECOND SHAFT 64, ON SECOND LINE IS CONNECTED TO THE PULLEY EXIT 56 AND ALSO SUPPORTED FIRST GEAR 66. THIRD TREE 70, ONE AXIS THIRD comprisesmeans SECOND GEAR 68 ENGAGEMENT WITH THE FIRST AND THIRD GEAR 72. GEAR DIFFERENTIAL 74 INCLUDES A CROWN WITH MAKING THE THIRD GEAR, AND A PAIR OF BONDS OUT FOR TWO TREE DRIVE MOTOR 86 88 FOUR IN ONE AXIS.


This article studies the performance of a wireless sensor network with cognitive radio capabilities to gather information about structural health monitoring of buildings in case of seismic activity. Since the use of the local area network is intensive in office and home environments, we propose the use of empty cellular channels (primary system). As such, the structural health monitoring does not degrade the local communications. Thus, the wireless sensor network for structural health monitoring acts as secondary network. Two discrete-time analytical approaches are proposed and developed to evaluate the system performance in terms of both the average packet delay and average energy consumption. The first one is an approximation suitable for the case when the time slot duration is small relative to the mean call inter-arrival time. The second model is accurate for any time slot duration and inter-arrival times.


This paper provides a turnpike-like theorem for multidimensional, optimal-growth models, which holds for evey level of the discount factor. It is shown that when the short-run return fu nction of the reduced-form model satisfies a certain sufficient condi tion, then the resulting dynamics is of a simple type, i.e., it must converge to some steady state. The result is obtained in two steps: f irst it is shown that dynamical systems satisfying an acyclic binary relation must be simple; second, the value function for the optimal p roblem is used to define a binary relation on the space of feasible s tates. The necessary and sufficient conditions under which the latter binary relation is acyclic are provided, and their relation to the t echnology and preferences is outlined. Copyright 1988 by Economics Department of the University of Pennsylvania and the Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association.


We present an early experimental result toward solving the localization problem with range-only sensors. We perform an experiment in which a mobile robot localizes using dead reckoning and range measurements to stationary radio-frequency beacons in its environment, incorporating the range measurements into the position estimate using a Kalman filter. This data set involves over 20,000 range readings to surveyed beacons while a robot moved continuously over a path for nearly 1 hour. Careful groundtruth accurate to a few centimeters was recorded during this motion. We show the improvement of the robot's position estimate over dead reckoning even when the range readings are very noisy. We extend this approach to the problem of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), localizing both the robot and tag positions from noisy initial estimates.


Goaf detection of the old mine has been a difficult problem. This article, from the current perspective of the goaf detection method, analyzes the goaf geology and electrical characteristics, detects shallow goaf of the old coal mine in gansu hexi by transient electromagnetic method. and explains the low resistivity anomalies reasonably, selects the goaf boundary. Combined with 2D seismic interpretation results and other known information in this area, comprehensive analysis that this method is high resolution, sensitive response to low resistivity geologic body, and can better solve the problem of goaf detection such as geology, has wide application prospect.


Casino Gambling's Proliferation Throughout the U.S.; A Case Study of Legal Gaming in Louisiana by Kenneth E. Burke Dr. William Thompson, Examination Committee Chair Professor of Public Administration University of Nevada, Las Vegas Legal casino-style gambling has expanded dramatically in the United States during the 1990s. Casino Gambling's Proliferation Throughout the U.S.: A Case Study o f Legal Gaming in Louisiana examines the causes for this sudden growth and the effects that introducing casino gambling has had on one state in particular, Louisiana. The paper will take you through a brief history of gambling from its earliest roots to its present place in our society. It will also provide a glimpse into what is in store for the gaming industry in the future.


For the purpose of developing the early strength of concrete, accelerated curings such as steam and autoclave curings are widely applied to the manufacture of precast concrete products. The uses of polymer-modified mortar and concrete are also expected for precast products. The objective of the present study is to examine the application of effective accelerated curings to styrene-butadiene (SBR)-modified mortars with hardener-free epoxy resin. SBR-modified mortars with a hardener-free epoxy resin are prepared with various polymer-cement ratios, subjected to a 1-d steam curing after a 1-d moist curing, followed by a 1-d heat curing, and tested for flexural and compressive strengths. As a result, (steam + heat)-cured SBR-modified mortars with the hardener-free epoxy resin at polymer-cement ratios of 15% or more develop about three times higher flexural and compressive strengths than unmodified mortar. Such high strength development is attributed to the improved microstructures of interfacial transition zone by SBR-epoxy resin modification in the mortars. The optimal accelerated curing for the SBR-modified mortars with the hardener-free epoxy resin is recommended as follows: 1-d moist [20°C, 90% (RH)] +1-d steam (90°C) +1-d heat (100 or 120°C) curing.


The current study explored pedagogical strategies carried out by teachers to support special need children in improving their level of literacy and numeracy. The current study utilized qualitative research design where classroom observations were carried out to explore teaching activities used by teachers in teaching language and mathematics. It was then followed by a focus group discussion to identify problems faced by children in numeracy and literacy. This research was carried out in one of the elementary schools in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Data collected was analyzed manually by focusing on the main aspects. Results demonstrated that 27 activities were frequently used by teachers in teaching language and mathematics. Those activities are the common teaching practice for slow learners. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of those practices, a focus group discussion with a group of students was carried out. Results revealed that most students have problems in literacy (spelling, reading complex words, and write long words) and numeracy (counting, subtraction, multiplication and divide). As the common teaching practice was found to have minimal effect on children's literacy and numeracy, the current study suggests rethinking of a new pedagogical approach for improving literacy and numeracy for slow learners.


Abstract Metal levels on equilibrium fluidized cracking catalysts (FCC) have been increasing through the years (Fig. 1), indicating that the study of the physicochemical properties of metal resistant FCC has remained an important topic to refiners [1]. After the crude oil price collapse of 1986, Ni levels on equilibrium FCC have remained fairly constant whereas V levels have somewhat decreased owing to the greater availability (and lower cost) of high-quality crudes; Fig. 2. At the metals levels shown in Fig. 1, Ni and V catalyze the undesirable cracking of hydrocarbons in the gasoline boiling range, thus increasing coke and hydrogen yields. Vanadium-induced activity losses can be easily circumvented with the proper catalyst management and increased makeup rates. However, should refiners in the future undertake the cracking of residual oils or crack certain readily available crudes from Venezuela and Mexico, metals (especially V) will probably increase well above the levels shown in Fig. 1 and novel FCC w...


The objective of this research project was to enhance and test the platoon identification and accommodation (PIA) system developed by Texas Transportation Institute (TTI) researchers in an earlier research project. The PIA system consists of off-the-shelf hardware and custom software for providing intelligent control at isolated traffic signals. To achieve project objectives, TTI researchers added a software classifier to replace the hardware classifier needed by the original system, added a new module for communication with TS-2 cabinets via serial ports on enhanced bus interface units, extended the system to provide platoon identification and accommodation on both arterial directions, and added real-time performance measurement and adaptive features. Implementation of these enhancements required TTI researchers to re-engineer the original system software. The enhanced system was tested in the lab using cabinet-in-the-loop simulations and then field-tested at two locations in Texas. This report documents the work conducted by TTI researchers in this project.


The research randomly chooses college teachers from 3 universities and colleges in Gansu as samples,to explore how the leadership style,work-family conflict and emotional intelligence influence the organizational commitment of college teachers.The results are that:benevolent leadership and authoritative leadership respectively has positive and negative influence on teachers' organizational commitment;both work-family conflict and family-work conflict have negative influence on teachers' organization commitment;emotional intelligence of teachers has positive influence on organizational commitment;regression analysis is that work-family conflict,benevolent leadership,authoritative leadership,and emotional intelligence of teachers are able to predict teachers' organizational commitment.The result has great guiding significance to university administrators and teachers in China.


The requirement for a sensitive two-dimensional imaging diagnostic with picosecond time resolution, particularly in the study of laser-produced plasmas, has already been discussed [1]. A temporal sequence of framed images would provide useful supplementary information to that provided by time resolved streak images across a spectral region of interest from visible to x-ray. To fulfil this requirement the Picoframe camera system has been developed. Results pertaining to the operation of a camera having S20 photocathode sensitivity are reviewed and the characteristics of an UV/x-ray sensitive version of the Picoframe system are presented.


According to the fundamental principles of site selection for coal-fired power plant, combining with the practical situation of electricity market theory and its progress and on the basis of the assumed condition of slightly changed Hotelling model, a Hotelling model suitable to dual-oligopoly monopoly electricity market is constructed. Using this model and the thinking of game theory, the complex electricity market is described as a [0, 1] market, and by means of mathematical model the optimal positioning and pricing strategies for two coal-fired power plants under various conditions are dynamically analyzed.


The preparation of audit work papers is central to the auditing task. They provide the principle support for the auditor's report and aid in supervising and conducting the audit process. This study reports the results of a GSS mediated study of what auditors perceive to be important issues concerning the transition from a paper-based to an electronic audit work paper system. Innovation diffusion theory provides a framework for understanding these perceptions. Four auditors used a GSS to identify the factors necessary for successful implementation of this technology. These factors were matched to the constructs of diffusion theory to reveal the relative importance of and relationships among the factors and diffusion constructs. Introduction This study examines auditors' perceptions of the issues important to making a transition from a paper-based to an electronic audit work paper system (EWPS). An EWPS is a computer based technology that automates the process of preparation and review of audit work papers. Work papers are central to the audit process. They provide the principle support for the auditor's report and aid in the conduct and supervision of the audit. Prior audit research in the work papers area has been confined to the study of memory tasks associated with their preparation and review (Johnson, 1994; Moeckel,1990; Moeckel and Plumlee,1989). Identifying the factors affecting the diffusion to audit teams of software designed to support the audit work paper preparation and review process is the purpose of this study. Diffusion is defined as "the process by which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among the members of a social system. It is a special type of communication, in that the messages are concerned with new ideas" (Rogers 1995). In this study the innovation is the EWPS. The social network is a group of audit teams. The communication channels include both formal and informal networks. Innovation diffusion research provides a framework for understanding issues that arise during the adoption process. Identifying the auditors' perceptions provides for elaborating the theoretical framework in the context of the audit task and the EWPS. Background Innovation Diffusion Theory Innovation diffusion theory asserts that several factors affect the eventual adoption or non-adoption of an innovation.(Rogers 1995, Tornatsky and Klein 1982) These factors are: • Relative Advantage – The degree to which an innovation is perceived as better than the idea it supercedes. • Compatibility – The degree to which an innovation is perceived as being consistent with existing values, past experiences, and needs of potential adopters. • Complexity – The degree to which an innovation is perceived as difficult to understand and use. • Trialability – The degree to which an innovation may be experimented with on a limited basis. • Observability – The degree to which the results of an innovation are visible to other adopters. This model provides a perspective for understanding the adoption of the EWPS. Audit Work Papers The overall objective of an audit is to express an opinion on whether or not the financial statements are fairly presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). In order to express this opinion, the auditor must reduce to an acceptably low level the risk that the financial statements contain a material misstatement. In order to accomplish this, the auditor first identifies assertions for each material component of the financial statements and considers the risk of a material misstatement for each one. Audit objectives are then established related to each assertion. (Guy, et al. 1990) Specific procedures are designed that will generate "sufficient competent evidential matter" to afford a reasonable basis for an opinion on the financial statements under audit. (AU § 150.02) The working papers perform multiple functions. They "provide the principal


Being landlocked certainly carries huge costs. This is dramatically underlined by the threat any political turmoil in Kenya poses to Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi's economies. Cargo passing through the Kenyan port of Mombasa accounts for 90 per cent of Uganda's exports and 78 per cent of its imports. The rail link to Uganda was cut apparently in protest against Ugandan President Museveni's recognition of Kenyan President Kibaki's re-election following the disputed poll in December 2007. Therefore, being landlocked is also accompanied by political constraints. Clearly, it is worth exploring Collier's notion that being landlocked with 'bad neighbors' constitutes a 'trap' (Collier 2007: Chapter Four). Geography can be an important factor in determining a country's prospects and being landlocked is a drawback for poor countries. In The Bottom Billion Paul Collier highlights how being landlocked is primarily an 'African problem' and how it increases when a nation is surrounded by 'bad neighbors' – a combination which leads to a development trap. But are the costs as great as Collier believes and what are the policy implications? As landlocked countries are not all alike, they should be treated differently and it is important to address the social and political dimensions as well as the technical aspects of getting goods to international markets.


The article presents the experience of organizing the spiritual and intellectual
education of students in an institution of general secondary education. The role
of the volunteer movement, student self-government is highlighted. The positive
role of participation in contests and promotions of various levels is indicated.
The impact of pedagogical support on the success of educational activities has
been revealed


In this thesis, we investigate electronic transport through molecular quantum dots weakly coupled to source and drain leads. To describe the electronic spectrum of the molecule that forms the quantum dot, the Pariser-Parr-Pople Hamiltonian for conjugated molecules is introduced and adapted to the case of a benzene molecule. The generalized master equation (GME), which is the equation of motion for the reduced density matrix (RDM), is used to calculate the current and the conductance through the system. Transport through a benzene molecule is investigated in two configurations, para- and meta configuration, which are defined by the lead molecule coupling. Interference between degenerate states leads to a suppression of the linear conductance when changing from the para to the meta configuration and to current blocking in the meta configuration for certain bias voltages. In presence of parallel polarized ferromagnetic leads, this effect can be used to obtain control over the molecules net spin by all-electrical means. In the last chapter, cotunneling processes are described by means of an effective Kondo Hamiltonian, and the results are compared to a theory which is exact to fourth order in the tunneling Hamiltonian.


The lower member of Xingouzui formation is the major exploration target stratum in eastern Jianghan basin, and mainly consists of one 3-order sequence (SⅢ1). The pool-forming geological elements, reserves and reservoir types distribute in the sequence stratigraphic framework. Source rocks are found mostly in transgressive system tract (TST) of S Ⅲ1 whilst sandstone reservoirs occurs in lowstand system tract (LST) of it. There are regional sealing and partial sealing in SⅢ1,which vertically formed three types of source-reservoir-cap rock combinations. The proved reserves primarily distribute in the LST, secondly in the TST. Each system tract of SⅢ1 has different pool-forming types for differences in reservoir conditions


One of the problems of mine suspended monorails is side-sway of rolling stock which limits the speed of train motion. It involves increase of side clearance and excavation crosssections therefore it leads to decrease of mine transport operating efficiency. In the works [1, 2, 3] there have been given regularities of movements of suspended monorails and researched crew side-sway during the movement on monorail with irregularities. Works [4, 5] cover linear and nonlinear oscillations of structure units. Scientific substantiation of parameters for monorail suspension in the workings fixed by bolting is mentioned in the work [6], and for arched support it is in the work [7]. The estimation of operating parameters of suspended monorails for mines is mentioned in the work [8]. This article is the continuation of mentioned works. The objective of this research is the examination of process of interaction of rolling stock during the movement on suspended monorail taking into account side-sway.


A thirteen-week experiment was conducted to determine the effect of sex and strain on the  haematological and serum biochemical indices of two indigenous chicken strains (FUNAAB  Alpha and Yoruba ecotype) in the African subtropics. One hundred and twenty chickens  comprising thirty (30) each of FUNAAB Alpha males, FUNAAB Alpha females, Yoruba  ecotype males and Yoruba ecotype females were assigned to four treatments consisting of  three replicates of ten (10) chickens each, in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of a completely  randomized design. Data collected were analyzed for simple descriptive and inferential  statistics using SAS. Significantly (p<0.05) higher white blood count (13.55 g/100ml) was  observed with the FUNAAB Alpha compared with 10.10 g/100ml of the Yoruba ecotype  chicken strain. Both the mean corpuscular volume and corpuscular haemoglobin were  higher (p<0.05) in the Yoruba ecotype than FUNAAB Alpha. Similarly, glucose and  phosphorus values were significantly (p<0.05) higher in FUNAAB Alpha than the Yoruba  ecotype. Aspartate amino transferase (AST), Alanine amino transferase (ALT) and calcium  concentrations were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the Yoruba ecotype than FUNAAB  Alpha. The males of Yoruba ecotype recorded higher volume of white blood count while  FUNAAB Alpha females recorded higher concentration of Heterophil than their male  counterparts. The values of glucose, total protein, globulin and uric acid were observed  higher in female than male chickens. The study showed that strain and sex had significant  effects on both haematological and serum biochemical indices of tropical indigenous  chickens.

Une experience de treize semaines a ete menee pour determiner l'effet du sexe et de la tension sur les indices biochimiques hematologiques et seriques de deux souches indigenes de poulet (FUNAAB Alpha et Yoruba ecotype) dans les sous-tropiques africains. Cent vingt poulets comprenant trente (30) mâles FUNAAB Alpha, des femelles FUNAAB Alpha, des mâles ecotypes Yoruba et des femelles ecotypes Yoruba ont ete affectes a quatre traitements composes de trois repliques de dix (10) poulets chacun, dans un arrangement factorial de 2 x 2 d'une conception completement randomisee. Les donnees recueillies ont ete analysees a l'aide de statistiques descriptives et inferentielles simples a l'aide du SAS. Significativement (p<0.05) le compte plus eleve de sang blanc (13.55 g/100ml) a ete observe avec le FUNAAB Alpha compare a 10.10 g/100ml de la souche de poulet d'ecotype de Yoruba. Le volume corpusculaire moyen et l'hemoglobine corpusculaire etaient plus eleves (p<0.05) dans l'ecotype de Yoruba que FUNAAB Alpha. De meme, les valeurs de glucose et de phosphore etaient significativement (p<0.05) plus elevees dans FUNAAB Alpha que l'ecotype de Yoruba. L'aspartate aminotransferase (AST), l'Alanine aminotransferase (le 'ALT') et les concentrations de calcium etaient significativement plus elevees (p<0.05) dans l'ecotype de Yoruba que FUNAAB Alpha. Les mâles de l'ecotype de Yoruba ont enregistre un volume plus eleve de sang blanc, tandis que les femelles FUNAAB Alpha ont enregistre une concentration plus elevee d'heterophiles que leurs homologues masculins. Les valeurs du glucose, de la proteine totale, de la globuline et de l'acide urique ont ete observees plus elevees chez les poulets femelles que chez les poulets mâles. L'etude a montre que la tension et le sexe avaient des effets significatifs sur les indices biochimiques hematologiques et seriques des poulets indigenes tropicaux.


In this paper we provide characterizations of convex games and total clan games by using properties of their corresponding marginal games. We show that a "dualize and restrict" procedure transforms total clan games with zero worth for the clan into monotonic convex games. Furthermore, each monotonic convex game generates a total clan game with zero worth for the clan by a "dualize and extend" procedure. These procedures are also useful for relating core elements and elements of the Weber set of the corresponding games.


The paper presents the results of an experimental study of the emission spectra of a gas discharge during high-power impulse magnetron sputtering. The influence of the repetition frequency and duration of current pulses on the intensity of the spectral lines of various particles is shown. The parameters of the gas-discharge plasma during HiPIMS and at a direct current were also compared.


OBJECTIVE: Although the body mass index (BMI, mass index, kg/m 2 ) is widely used as a surrogate measure of adiposity, it is moderately associated (rB0.3) with height among children. We examined whether the resulting preferential classification of taller children as overweight is appropriate. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analyses of children (ages, 3–17 y) examined the relation of height to adiposity (as assessed by BMI and skinfold thicknesses) and fasting levels of insulin. Longitudinal analyses examined the relation of childhood height and weight– height indices to adult (mean age, 25 y) levels of adiposity and fasting insulin. SUBJECTS: Children (n ¼ 11 406) and adults (n ¼ 2911) who had participated in the Bogalusa Heart Study. MEASUREMENTS: We constructed three weight–height indices: BMI, W/H 3 , and W/H p . The triceps and subscapular skinfolds, as well as fasting levels of insulin, were also measured. RESULTS: The classification of children as overweight (BMI-for-age X95th percentile) varied markedly by height, with a 10-fold difference in the prevalence of overweight across quintiles of height between the ages of 3 and 10 y. Childhood height, however, was also related to skinfold thicknesses and insulin levels, and all associations were modified in a similar manner by age. Furthermore, childhood height was related to adult adiposity, and of the three childhood weight–height indices, BMI showed the strongest associations with adult adiposity. CONCLUSIONS: Because BMI reflects the positive association between height and adiposity among children, it is a better weight–height index than is either W/H 3 or W/H p .


The aim of this study was to receive a rapt understanding of how child-welfare officer's reasons about the meaning of attachment theory, from the child´s best, in placements of a child. The aim was also to examine the possibilities child-welfare officer´s feel they have to work with the child´s best and attachment in focus. The study has a qualitative approach and the empirical material is collected thru semi-structured interviews. The theoretical framework used is attachment theory, the child´s best and street-level bureaucracy. The result of the study shows that child-welfare officers have equivalent knowledge, experiences and thoughts about the meaning of attachment theory for a favorable development in foster children. The study concludes is that more knowledge about attachment theory is necessary and child-welfare officers demands methods to better assess attachment patterns in children. The child-welfare officers express frustration when they talk about matters in the "grey area" and situations where different perspectives clashes and the child´s best end up in the background.


This paper aims to present Weyl–Euler–Lagrange and Weyl–Hamilton equations on $\mathbf{R}_{n}^{2n}$ which is a model of tangent manifolds of Constant W-Sectional Curvature. In this study some differential geometrical and physical results on the related Weyl-mechanical systems are given.


In practice,the tooth crests and roots are modified to prevent the noise pollution produced during gears engaging.The paper explores such problems of gears machining as antenna length calculation,shaving stock and addendum modification of preshaving hob,hoping to provide methods,which have been proved theoretically correct,of designing this kind of gear tools.


A CASE of this abnormality was admitted to the Rest Home of thc. Liverpool Maternity Hospital on 16 September, 1925, under the care of Miss Ivens. There had been two previous pregnancies, the first terminating in a difficult delivery with the forceps, the child being born dcead; the second was by an induction of labour at the 38th week, the child weighing 5 pounds 15 ounces, and surviving. The patient was 23, of medium stature and in good general health. There was no lameness, but an inspection of the pelvis showed a slight obliquity from the right, downwards towards the left. The right anterior superior spine and the left posterior superior spine were more prominent than their fellows. The labial cleft also deviated slightly downwards and to the left. On vaginal examination thie right ileo-pectineal line was felt to be straight, reducing considerably the capacity of this side of the pelvis. The right ischial spine also formed a very marked projection into the pelvic cavity. The symphysis pubis was markedly deviated to the Left side. The left side of the pelvis felt approximately normal. The measurements of the pelvis were as follows : interspinal 8+ inches, intercostal 10 inches, external conjugate 8% inches. The distanoe from the right posterior superior spine to the le'-t nntrrior superior spine was 8.2 inches, and that from the lelt posterior superior spine to the right anterior superior spine was 7.5 inches, showing a difference therefore of about thrlee-quarters of an inch. The diagonal conjugate was 3.9 inches and the transverse of the outlet 3 inches. On her admission to the Rest Homle, at about the 38th waeek, th'e patient was found to have a purulent vaginal discharge, coming History.


The Indian Ocean tsunami of December, 2004 was one of the most severe natural disasters in human history and resulted in extensive relocation by people living in damaged areas. We describe post-tsunami geographic mobility in the provinces of Aceh and North Sumatra in Indonesia, the area worst-affected by the tsunami. Data from a unique longitudinal survey of 10,000 households who were interviewed both before and after the tsunami are used to quantify and map various dimensions of mobility and to provide insights into the individual, household and contextual factors that influence mobility. Levels of mobility increased dramatically with the extent of tsunami damage. Displacement from heavily damaged areas occurred primarily beyond the community of origin. Results from multivariate statistical models indicate that in damaged areas individuals were displaced similarly across demographic and socioeconomic lines, and that semi-voluntary decisions about mobility were influenced by household assets and prior livelihood strategies.


This research was conducted to determine the effect of competence and workload on the quality of financial statement presentation. This research was conducted at 8 UPT Ministry of Environment and Forestry in Bali Province. Determination of the sample using nonprobability sampling is the purposive sampling approach. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study illustrate that competence has a significant positive effect on the quality of the presentation of financial statements, meaning that the higher the competency possessed, the quality of financial statement presentation increases, while the workload has a significant negative effect on the quality of the presentation of financial statements, meaning that the higher the workload of employees the presentation of financial statements will continue to decline.
Keywords: Competence; Workload; Quality of Financial Statement Presentation.


Application of Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) in engine fault prediction is introduced in this paper. For insuring the engine safety and reliability, the fault of engine must be predicted, and the fault can be terminated in time. So, the fault prediction theory and the method of ANFIS are studied. The fault prediction sets, the structure and parameters for ANFIS are given in the course of fault prediction. It has made very pleased result through experiment of certain type engine fault prediction, and it is important to engine maintenance. The application of ANFIS has a good reference to engine fault prediction researching.


Abstract The modified preparation technique developed in the present study has provided an excellent chro- mosome metaphase spread from the whole body of larvae of the red hybrid tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852) X Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758). Unlike other chromosome preparation methods, this modified technique showed a reduction in cell loss while suspending cells during the dropping process. This modified technique can therefore be widely applied not only to various tilapias but also to other teleostean fishes for preparing chromosome spreads. The best treatment parameters for preparing good chromosome spreads from red hybrid tilapia were optimized as 0.01% concentration of colchicine for 4-6 hours, hypotonic 40 min- utes treatment, fixation with carnoy solution at 3:1 ratio and a concentration of 10% Giemsa for 20 minutes.


This study was to find out the Policy Connotation, Midterm Implemented Effectiveness and Problem Analysis of Long-term Educational Reformation and Development Plan (2010-2020) in China. The purpose of this study was (a) to realize the context, purpose and process of Educational Plan. (b) to analyze the policy connotation of Educational Plan. (c) to explore the Implemented current situation of Educational Plan. (d) to analyze the Midterm Implemented Effectiveness and Problem of Educational Plan. Semi-structured interview and documentary analysis were adopted in this study. The number of interviewees was 8 in this study, including 5 China's scholars and 3 China's presidents. According to the results analysis, the findings of this study are summarized as follows: 1.The Developed background of Long-term Educational Reformation and Development Plan (2010-2020), include coping with China's economic and social transformation, bringing up innovative students, fitting actual needs of China's education, the traditions of formulating, many countries are designing education program. 2.The purpose of Long-term Educational Reformation and Development Plan (2010-2020) , including achieving goals, clarifying the relationship of government schools and markets、solving problems arising from educational development, and providing guidance and supervision effect. 3.The establishment of Long-term Educational Reformation and Development Plan (2010-2020) having 4 steps as follows: investigation and research phase, drafting the demonstration phase, asking for opinions phase, and submission phase. 4.The whole strategy contains first chapters and second chapters. First chapter is guiding thought and works. Second chapter is strategic objectives and themes. 5.Developed mission covers the third chapter to the tenth chapter. The connotation of developed mission includes preschool education, compulsory education, high school education, vocational education, higher education, continuing education, national Education, and special education. 6.Structural reforms cover the eleventh chapter to sixteenth chapter. The connotation of structural reforms includes personnel training, examination and enrollment, the construction of a modern school system, running schools system, management system, and expansion of education open. 7.Supporting measures cover the Seventeenth chapter to the twenty second chapter. The connotation of Supporting measures includes strengthen construction of teacher, guarantee of funds invest in, accelerate the process of educational information, promoting Education Law, major projects and test point, and strengthen organization and leadership. 8.The midterm implemented effectiveness of Long-term Educational Reformation and Development Plan (2010-2020) contain (a) all objectives in developed mission are carried out.(b)personnel training, examination and enrollment, the construction of a modern school system, running schools system, management system having great attention.(c) in supporting measures part, the effect of teachers ,funds, and information are the most significant. 9."Education Plan" has achieved initial success. 10.The problems of midterm implement contain: (a) lack of legal constraints and vested interests interfering (b) developed mission, Structural reforms, and Supporting measures all are having problems to be solved. Finally, some suggestions based on the conclusions are proposed to the Ministry of Education and extended research.


There is little direct evidence about the education of girls in classical times and Late Antiquity. Our conception of what provision was available has to be based chiefly on an examination of the material relating to the education of adult women and to the early training of little girls of four or five years of age. For the second half of the fourth century we are fortunate in possessing the testimony of three Christian writers on the subject of the education of mature women: Palladius, Gerontius of Jerusalem, and Jerome. Nevertheless, we need to be aware of their limitations. All three writers deal with women of a narrow social class, members of the wealthy Roman aristocracy, who were attempting to live a disciplined and austere monastic life, the majority of them against the incongruous background of their family mansions on the Aventine Hill, which was then a fashionable residential district. They were perhaps in the tradition of those earlier learned and cultivated aristocratic Roman ladies, recalled by Cicero, and exemplified by the daughter of his friend Atticus, who provided her with a tutor even after her marriage, and by Hortensia, the daughter of the orator Hortensius, who was trained by her father in public speaking, and who even made a speech in the Forum against a tax assessment. For information about the early training of little girls in fourth-century Rome we are indebted to the letters of Jerome, but this evidence, as we shall see, has certain limitations. Two difficulties confront us when we examine the evidence provided by our three Christian writers: in the first place, none of them describes the educational process by which these ladies achieved so high a degree of cultivation and learning; secondly, the advice which Jerome gives about the training and education of little girls is intended for child oblates, consecrated to God even before their birth, and is, in any case, suspect, because much of it has been culled from an earlier writer.


The objective of this study was to examine the efficacy of US primary care paediatric obesity treatment recommendations, within two randomized trials.


The accelerator mass spectrometry facility at the Seoul National University (SNU-AMS) was completed in December 1998 and a report was presented at the Vienna AMS conference in September 1999. At the conference, we described the basic components of our accelerator system and reported the results of the performance test. Since then, extensive testing of the accuracy and reproducibility of the system has been carried out, and about 200 unknown samples have been measured so far. We obtained a precision of 4‰ for modern samples, and an accuracy of approximately 40 yr was demonstrated by analyzing samples that were previously dated with a conventional technique and by other AMS laboratories. We present these results here, together with detailed descriptions of our data-taking and analysis procedures.


Previous research has shown that after decision makers are endowed with an object, they are reluctant to trade it for an alternative item. This endowment effect can be explained by loss aversion, the tendency to weight losses more heavily than gains. Consequently, there is no reluctance to trade when no true loss is involved. Four studies investigated whether reluctance to trade declines when the trade involves less of a loss—specifically, when one item is traded for another very similar item. Three experiments did not reveal a relation between willingness to trade and the similarity between the two items being traded. A fourth experiment, however, indicated that subjects were quite willing to trade for an identical item, less willing to trade for a similar item, and even less willing to trade for a dissimilar item. Thus, reluctance to trade decreased as the similarity between the endowment and the alternative increased. This result suggests that loss aversion is a function not only of the item being lost but also of the trade itself—that is, of the relation between the two items being traded. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Models and experiments are developed to investigate how a small amount of gas can cause large rectified motion of a piston in a vibrated liquid-filled housing when piston drag depends on piston position so that damping is nonlinear even for viscous flow. Two bellows serve as surrogates for the upper and lower gas regions maintained by Bjerknes forces. Without the bellows, piston motion is highly damped. With the bellows, the piston, the liquid, and the two bellows move together so that almost no liquid is forced through the gaps between the piston and the housing. This Couette mode has low damping and a strong resonance: the piston and the liquid vibrate against the spring formed by the two bellows (like the pneumatic spring formed by the gas regions). Near this resonance, the piston motion becomes large, and the nonlinear damping produces a large rectified force that pushes the piston downward against its spring suspension. A recently developed model based on quasi-steady Stokes flow is applied to this system. A drift model is developed from the full model and used to determine the equilibrium piston position as a function of vibration amplitude and frequency. Corresponding experiments are performed for two different systems. In the two-spring system, the piston is suspended against gravity between upper and lower springs. In the spring-stop system, the piston is pushed up against a stop by a lower spring. Model and experimental results agree closely for both systems and for different bellows properties.


As the number, size and complexity of building construction projects increase, code compliance checking becomes more challenging because of the time-consuming, costly, and errorprone nature of a manual checking process. A fully automated code compliance checking would be desirable in facilitating a more efficient, cost effective, and human error-proof code checking. Such automation requires automated information extraction from building designs and building codes, and automated information transformation to a format that allows automated reasoning. Natural Language Processing (NLP) is an important technology to support such automated processing of building codes, because building codes are represented in natural language texts. Part-of-speech (POS) tagging, as an important basis of NLP tasks, must have a high performance to ensure the quality of the automated processing of building codes in such a compliance checking system. However, no systematic testing of existing POS taggers on domain specific building codes data have been performed. To address this gap, the authors analyzed the performance of seven state-of-the-at POS taggers on tagging building codes and compared their results to a manuallylabeled gold standard. The authors aim to: (1) find the best performing tagger in terms of accuracy, and (2) identify common sources of errors. In providing the POS tags, the authors used the Penn Treebank tagset, which is a widely used tagset with a proper balance between conciseness and information richness. An average accuracy of 88.80% was found on the testing data. The Standford coreNLP tagger outperformed the other taggers in the experiment. Common sources of errors were identified to be: (1) word ambiguity, (2) rare words, and (3) unique meaning of common English words in the construction context. The found result of machine taggers on building codes calls for performance improvement, such as error-fixing transformational rules and machine taggers that are trained on building codes.


Two m echanisms have been proposed concerning the origin oflined-up carbide particles in proeutectoid ferrite of steels which contain strong carbide forming elements such as vanadium and niobium. One is the Y- IX interface modeP) and the other is the disloca tion-trail modeI.2,3) The Y- IX interface model pro posed by Gray and Yeo l ) seems to have been generally accepted, although some problems have been left unsolved. The main purpose of the paper presented by the present authors4) was to show experimental results which are difficult to explain by the Y-IX interface model, and to explain them in terms of the dislocation-trail model. movement of introduced by the Y-


The invention provides a method and a device for adding content of a file to be edited via screen capturing and is applicable to the field of communication. The method includes steps of receiving an operation signal of a display area on a designated screen; extracting display content in the display area according to the operation signal; and adding the extracted content into the file to be edited. By the method and the device for adding the content of the file to be edited via screen capturing, users can acquire what they see and can conveniently record read content, and user experience is improved.


Jessie X. Fan, Barbara B. Brown, Lori Kowaleski-Jones, Ken R. Smith, and Cathleen D. Zick The 2001 report titled "The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Prevent and Decrease Overweight and Obesity" identified overweight and obesity as major public health problems, costing U.S. society as much as $117 billion a year and posing as great a threat of death as poverty, smoking, or problem drinking.1 As a first step in screening for overweight and obesity, "Body Mass Index" (BMI) is calculated using a person's weight and height, and this number is viewed as being a reliable indicator of body fat for most people.2 The percentage of the U.S. population defined as obese (a BMI greater than 30) or overweight (a BMI greater than 25) has been rising in the past decade. Data from the 1999–2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) show that 65 percent of U.S. adults ages 20–74 were overweight or obese. This is a substantial increase from the 56 percent estimated from the 1988–1994 NHANES and the 47 percent estimated from the 1976–1980 NHANES.3 The statistics presented for children are equally grim. The percentage of children defined as overweight (a BMI-for-age at or above the 95th percentile of the CDC Growth Charts) has also been increasing. Among children and teens ages 6–19, 16 percent (more than 9 million) are overweight according to the 1999–2000 NHANES data, triple the percentage reported in 1980.4 While numerous suggestions have been offered as possible solutions to the problem, an energy balance approach to the causes of overweight and obesity recognizes the equiHousehold food expenditure patterns: a cluster analysis


Treatment of allenic zinc reagents (R(1)R(2)C[double bond]C[double bond]C(R(3))ZnL), generated by the reaction of propargyl derivative (R(1)R(2)C(X)[triple bond](CH) with triorganozincates (R(3)(3)ZnLi), under oxygen atmosphere in the presence of ZnCl(2) and chlorotrimethylsilane afforded propargyl hydroperoxides (R(1)R(2)C(OOH)C[triple bond];CR(3)) regioselectively. In this reaction, the use of ZnCl(2) and chlorotrimethylsilane as additives is essential for the transformation of the initially generated allenic reagents to more reactive chlorozinc species.