AIM
Tracking the use of headlines with single issue stories in the New Zealand print media from their source, three case studies of the MeNZB vaccination campaign's presentation in the print media were examined.

METHOD
Article headlines were tracked in the three case studies. All headlines were coded between two researchers to review for accurate or misleading presentations in terms of whether the headlines matched the article content.

RESULTS
In these three case studies 26 out of 51 headlines were inaccurate when compared with the article content (51%), with a further 6 being misleading (total of 61%).

CONCLUSIONS
These small case studies illustrate the difficulties arising at the intersection between media and public health interests. There is an inherent tension between public health publicity needs, and the print media needs. To maintain public confidence, health planners constantly need to develop and review their health promotion messages and relationships with the media. Close and ongoing dialogue between media and public health professionals are important, with recognition on each side of the different drivers and needs in two different sectors.


Push notifications, which are at the core of most modern productivity and social tools, come in different shapes and sizes - all competing for one's attention while creating the illusion of multitasking. At best, a notification may intervene in support of a primary task (e.g., a note about the correct use of a library), and at worst a notification may result in a complete context switch (e.g., answering an urgent and unrelated email). This paper presents a controlled single blind study conducted with 65 software professionals with the aim to further understand how different types of notifications may affect people during an immersive task. Insights are drawn from various angles, including mouse pointer logs, session recordings, temporal measures (e.g., time on task and time to resume task) as well as subjective workload assessments. Results indicate that participants who received either actionable or informational interventions managed to resume their tasks more efficiently than those who received actionable or informational intrusions. Actionable intrusions had a significant impact on overall task duration and levels of perceived effort while informational intrusions, which were largely ignored, had the largest impact on the participant's ability to resume the task efficiently, which also resulted in high levels of frustration. The time to decide whether to engage with a notification was also a factor that contributed to the overall task duration, and this was particularly noticed when an actionable intervention was presented, resulting in a significant impact on mental demand and perceived performance.


According to the grey principle and parameter recognition mode,the grey model GM(1,1) for predicting the agricultural water demand is built.The model precision is examined by residual error and posterior difference,the fitting precision reaches 99%.The model GM(1,1) is applied to predict the water demand of an irrigation district in 2004-2008.The predicting result is considerably coincides with the practical condition and shows that the model GM(1,1) has the advantages of wide versatility,few data necessity and moderate computer time.


The thick ascending limb (TAL) of the mammalian kidney exhibits functionally and structurally distinct patterns along its course from the border of the inner medulla to its transition to the distal convoluted tubule. While reabsorption of 25% of the filtered load is the principal task shared by all TAL cells, the transport of K+ and the divalent cations Ca++ and Mg++ is subject to axial and cellular heterogeneity and occurs along trans‐ or paracellular pathways. Differential expression of the renal outer medullary K+ channel (ROMK) has been associated with net K+ secretion or reabsorption, and claudin (Cldn) 10 and 16 with selective paracellular cation permeability. Earlier we had detected basolateral vasopressin (AVP) V2 receptor expression and substantial activating responsiveness of transport parameters along TAL upon adding AVP. Here we tested the hypothesis whether AVP modulates cell‐autonomous expression of membrane proteins involved in TAL epithelial ion transport.


Expanded Blaum-Roth (EBR) codes consist of n × n arrays such that lines of slopes i, 0 6 i 6 r − 1 for 2 6 r < n, as well as vertical lines, have even parity. The codes are MDS with respect to columns, i.e., they can recover any r erased columns, if and only if n is a prime number. Recently a generalization of EBR codes, called generalized expanded Blaum-Roth (GEBR) codes, was presented. GEBR codes consist of pτ × (k+ r) arrays, where p is prime and τ > 1, such that lines of slopes i, 0 6 i 6 r − 1, have even parity and every column in the array, when regarded as a polynomial, is a multiple of 1⊕ x . In particular, it was shown that when p is an odd prime number, 2 is primitive in GF(p) and τ = pj, j > 0, the GEBR code consisting of pτ × (p − 1)τ arrays is MDS. We extend this result further by proving that GEBR codes consisting of pτ × pτ arrays are MDS if and only if τ = pj, where 0 6 j and p is any odd prime.


Aiming at maximizing traffic network efficiency, alleviating environmental pollution and minimizing reconstruction cost, this paper develops a bi-level multi-goal programming for traffic microcirculation on urban network: the upper level concerns about branch way expansion and mixing network design problem, the lower level is a combination model that both follows the user-equilibrium and balance of traffic flow. Then, the paper solves the model by using the genetic algorithm. This paper sheds lights on traffic microcirculation projects' decision-making and construction process. 1. INTRODUCTION In recent years, car parc of many cities is increasing in an alarming rate, urban network construction can barely keep the pace with the growing traffic demand, the traffic supply and demand balance is almost broken. The increasingly serious traffic congestion is becoming many cities' major concern. Although a number of cities alleviate it by taking the practices such as urban rail transit construction, Intelligent Transportation System implementation, traffic flow organization and traffic demand management, the traffic congestion on those cities' arterial roads still remains a problem. In contrast, for low road levels, dead ends and entry control, many branch ways are left unused. If properly optimized and utilized, these branch ways can not only alleviate arterial roads' traffic congestion but also serve blocks' internal trips better. Urban traffic microcirculation is a control method that keeps traffic flow smooth on non-arterial network including secondary trunk roads and branch ways (including ally, narrow streets and makeshift streets). In other words, urban traffic microcirculation expects sub-arterials and branch ways not only meet the zonal traffic


Decades of research indicate that individuals exposed to childhood adversity are at risk for poor physical and mental health across their lifespan. More recently, intergenerational transmission of trauma and prenatal programming frameworks suggest an even longer reach for adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), with consequences that extend to subsequent generations. Beyond the individual-level consequences typically observed by empirical studies of ACEs, mothers' experiences of early adversity may also compromise the maternal-child dyadic relationship. We propose a conceptual model whereby mothers' ACEs impact maternal-infant dyadic functioning and later biobehavioral health outcomes through heightened perinatal psychosocial risk. We provide support for the proposed paths and mechanistic processes in our model with data drawn from Las Madres Nuevas, a longitudinal study of low-income Mexican-origin families who participated in a series of home and laboratory visits from the prenatal period through early childhood. Higher ACEs exposure among Las Madres Nuevas participants was associated with numerous perinatal psychosocial risk factors, which predicted poorer mother-infant dyadic functioning. Compromised dyadic functioning during infancy was associated with later maternal mental health and child behavior problems. We conclude with discussion of prevention and treatment strategies that can buffer against proposed risk pathways, including perinatal assessment of maternal ACEs and psychosocial risk, perinatal treatment of maternal distress, and mother-infant therapy in the postpartum period. It is our hope that the proposed conceptual model will serve as a guide for future research to examine the lasting consequences of childhood adversities within and across generations among high-risk populations. The current paper integrates the intergenerational transmission of trauma and prenatal programming frameworks to understand how maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) affect mothers and their children. Our results suggest maternal ACEs may compromise the mother-child dyadic relationship, with negative consequences on the health of mothers and their children. We highlight perinatal prevention and intervention efforts as particularly important to reduce the long-term deleterious effects of ACEs within and across generations.


Objective:The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of two diagnostic studies used in the emergency department(ED) to guide diagnosis of source of infection in this patient population.Methods: This was a retrospective review of ED patients admitted to an intensive care unit with the diagnosis of severe sepsis or septic shock over a period.We evaluated accuracy of initial microscopic urine analysis testing and chest radiography in the diagnosis of urinary tract infections and pneumonia,respectively.Results: Of the 400 patients admitted to intensive care units,70 patients met criteria for severe sepsis and septic shock.There were a total of 13 patients diagnosed with urinary tract infection,and their initial microscopic urine analysis with counts 10 white blood cells were sensi-tive 81%(95% CI 0.67-0.92) and specific 65%(95% CI 0.51-0.75),for the positive final urine culture result.There were 36 patients with final diagnosis of pneumonia.The sensitivity and specificity of initial chest radiography were,respectively,57%(95% CI 0.45-0.69) and 92%(95% CI 0.82-0.93) for the diagnosis of pneumonia.Conclusion: In patients with severe sepsis and septic shock,the chest radiograph and urine analysishas low sensitivity.


Accepted: 1 July 2014; published online: 5 August 2014 Citation: Curr Med Res Opin 2014; 30:2191–2 The economist Milton Freidman's observation that ''there is no such thing as a free lunch'' can be applied to anti-platelet therapy as appropriately as it was to 20th century economics. In current practice no clinical trial has as yet shown a reduction in ischemia-driven major adverse coronary events (MACE) without an increase in hemorrhagic side effects. For example the Antithrombotic Trialists Collaboration demonstrated a 60% increase in extra-cranial bleeding in patients treated with aspirin vs. placebo for secondary prevention in high-risk patients. Similarly in the landmark CURE trial of clopidogrel after an acute coronary syndrome, clopidogrel use was associated with a 69% increase in bleeding compared to placebo. In both trials, patients with a history of stroke seemed particularly prone to the bleeding complications of potent anti-platelet drugs. Indeed subsequent analyses of bleeding after an acute coronary syndrome have repeatedly identified a history of stroke along with age, female sex, weight, hypertension and renal function as risk factors for such complications. Therefore it came as no surprise that the TRITON trial revealed that although the overall population derived a 19% reduction in MACE compared to clopidogrel, there was a significant excess of bleeding which was particularly prevalent in patients over 75 years, under 60 kgs and with a history of stroke. The authors subsequently presented what was termed a 'core cohort' in which these three groups of at-risk patients were excluded demonstrating not only an improvement in MACE reduction (26% vs. 19% in the full cohort) but a reduction in the excess bleeding risk associated with prasugrel vs. clopidogrel. In a similar fashion, the PLATO trial demonstrated an almost identical excess of bleeding to that observed in the TRITON trial (27%) in patients after an acute coronary syndrome treated with ticagrelor vs. clopidogrel. However in the PLATO trial there was no clear group that seemed to be at a particularly higher risk of bleeding with ticagrelor. Therefore in clinical practice it might be harder to predict which patients were more likely to have a bleeding complication when treated with ticagrelor than with clopidogrel. In the current issue of Current Medical Research and Opinion Wilcox et al. present a further analysis of the TRITON study restricting follow-up to 12 months rather than the original trial primary end-point of 15 months (performed because of the licensed treatment duration). This earlier time-point analysis demonstrates a further improvement in MACE compared to the original primary end-point reduction in what is now termed 'the license population' (previously the core cohort). However, more importantly the bleeding excess seen in the original time-point analysis has now all but disappeared. It was entirely predictable that an earlier cut of the data would reduce the difference in bleeding risk observed between prasugrel and clopidogrel as a landmark analysis previously published from the TRITON trial demonstrated a very gradual accumulation of risk over time and the bleeding risk curves diverging only


Machine learning (ML) algorithms [1]–[6] have become ubiquitous in many fields of science and technology due to their ability to learn from and improve with experience with minimal human intervention. These algorithms train by updating their model parameters in an iterative manner to improve the overall prediction accuracy. However, training machine learning algorithms is a computation-ally intensive process, which requires large amounts of training data. Accessing training data in current processor-centric systems (e.g., CPU, GPU) implies costly data movement between memory and processors, which results in high energy consumption and a large percentage of the total execution cycles. This data movement can become the bottleneck of the training process, if there is not enough computation and locality to amortize its cost.


Nowadays, DSP based design for power electronics system is rapidly increasing and the design complexity with advanced algorithm is more complex than before. Even two or three power converter stages are combined in a single system. Accordingly, a lot of considerations such as switching frequency, rated current, rated voltage, passive components and controller gains make it hard for engineer to design. Furthermore, development software is often too expensive for small companies. So, this paper provides the design technique for DSP based and periphery circuits design using MS-Excel. For better understanding, the buck-converter is selected and the calculation results include the power-losses, temperature estimation, control gain and components selection in addition. With this method the development and debugging time of the system design can be reduced significantly.


OF THESIS PROJECT TITLE: MANUFACTURING AND AUTOMATION OF A MACHINE FOR CUTTING BOXES WITH PLC AUTHOR(S): NEYLA JULIANA FUENTES ALARCÓN JORGE ENRIQUE HODGES POSADA DEPARTAMENT: ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING DIRECTOR: JUAN CARLOS VILLAMIZAR RINCÓN ABSTRACT This project outlines the design, construction and description of the process of a machine automation to cut cardboard boxes, also the way to practical, safe, and efficient in its mode of operation, aimed at student Pontificia Bolivariana University community and those who primarily want to manipulate concerning management and/or control of electric machines in the course of process industrial automation devices. This machine consists of a wooden box, has two rollers moved by means of a DC motor; on the cardboard is an encoder that takes the box dimensions. These dimensions can be changed from a touch screen which in turn is connected to the PLC in a Modbus TCP/IP network. To make the cuts has been placed a blade of steel that has two depths, one to make sections of the tabs and another for the final cut of the box.This project outlines the design, construction and description of the process of a machine automation to cut cardboard boxes, also the way to practical, safe, and efficient in its mode of operation, aimed at student Pontificia Bolivariana University community and those who primarily want to manipulate concerning management and/or control of electric machines in the course of process industrial automation devices. This machine consists of a wooden box, has two rollers moved by means of a DC motor; on the cardboard is an encoder that takes the box dimensions. These dimensions can be changed from a touch screen which in turn is connected to the PLC in a Modbus TCP/IP network. To make the cuts has been placed a blade of steel that has two depths, one to make sections of the tabs and another for the final cut of the box.


137 pp. OCR and bookmarks supplied by UO. Charts, tables. Referenced map not included. Published November 16, 2004. Captured April 15, 2009.


In this paper, we first characterize weakly compact positive left multipliers on $L_0^\infty({\cal G})^*$, and prove that if $T$ is a weakly compact left multiplier on $L_0^\infty({\cal G})^*$, then $T=T^+-T^-$ for some weakly compact positive left multipliers $T^+,T^-$ on $L_0^\infty({\cal G})^*$ if and only if the range of $T$ contains in $L^1({\cal G})$. We then find conditions under which the existence of a non-zero weakly compact left multipliers on ideals of $L_0^\infty({\cal G})^*$ is equivalent to compactness of ${\cal G}$.


This paper describes a filter design tool (FDT) that allows the user to design, tune and evaluate tracking filters to track highly manoeuvring targets in the presence of electronic counter measures (ECM) and false alarms using a monopulse phase array radar (MPAR). The goal is to keep track of the target 95% of the time, using the minimum amount of energy possible (maximum time between dwells and minimum energy waveforms). The solution approach used in the filter design tool is based on the interacting multiple model-probabilistic data association (IMM-PDA) Kalman filter, with adaptive time between dwells, adaptive waveform selection and passive standoff jammer (SOJ) tracking.


The Neural network is used with an extension of various image classification based on training and testing networks. In this method efficiently detect brain tumour cell. Neural network with Radial Basis Function will be applied to implement tumour cells segmentation and classification. Decision should be made to classify the input image as normal or abnormal cells. Wavelet transform thresholding is used to perform denoising. This can be performed in two stages: Gray-Level Co occurrence Matrix and the classification using Neural Network based function. The classified image is segmented with the ROI segmentation method and the stage of the tumour is identified


Intermetallic nanocrystals are emerging materials for energy, catalysis, and biomedical applications, but combining two or more metals at the nanoscale remains challenging. The amalgamation reaction represents a convenient method for hundreds of intermetallic compositions, as it relies on fast and efficient alloying of liquid metals into presynthesized metallic seeds. Here, Pd–Zn nanocrystals, prepared via Zn amide thermolysis on the surface of Pd nanocrystals and subsequent amalgamation alloying, are investigated. Size‐uniform nanocrystals and control over a wide range of Pd–Zn compositions are achieved. This allows deriving a phase diagram at the nanoscale, in which miscibility gaps and three phases with broad solid solutions are detected. Furthermore, the formation of homogeneous ZnO shells for Pd–Zn compositions extending beyond phase solubility limits is observed. Full chemistry control for Pd–Zn nanocrystals enables a rational choice of materials for selected energy applications, achieveing an extended lifetime of Zn‐ion batteries for Zn‐rich PdZn2 stoichiometry, superior electrocatalytic properties for nearly stoichiometric PdZn halite phase, and the stability and efficiency of high‐voltage cathodes benefiting from ZnO shell protection around Pd3Zn10 nanocrystals are reported. This paper exemplifies the multifunctionality of intermetallics Pd–Zn nanocrystals, while this methodology can be extended to many other bimetallic nanomaterials.


The purpose of the article is to explore the essence and features of using intelligent technologies in tourism and to develop proposals for their implementation. The subject of research – intelligent technologies in tourism, the technology of forming the "profile" of the tourist. The research methodology consists in the application of methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, forecasting, as well as in the use of systematic, activity approaches. The article presents the technology of forming the "profile" of the tourist. It is established that it is necessary to create a world of tourist models, the "profile" of the tourist, as it is a matter of formalizing such poorly structured concepts as "impressions", "intentions", etc., it is necessary to use artificial intelligence technologies, in particular neural networks. The scientific novelty is that this article proves the effectiveness of the use of intelligent technologies to create a model of the tourist, his "profile" using neural networks. Conclusions. Effective using of information from various sources in the field of tourism is an important and difficult task. Managers are often forced to make decisions based on partial, incomplete and inaccurate information. The article considers knowledge management in a rapidly changing environment for the task of promoting a tourism product. Neural network technology allows for the effective formation of the "tourist profile" and use all the information in available databases.
Key words: tourism, intelligent technologies for tourism, neural networks, tourist profile, tourist product.


Self-Powered Systems (SPSs) targeting the Internet-of-Things (IoT) have the potential to monitor an incredible array of environments and equipment, providing previously unavailable rich data and insights [1]. Unlike battery-powered systems that optimize for energy per operation, SPSs must scale their power consumption in response to environmental changes. This presents both a challenge and an opportunity for such systems: 1) they must have a low power floor to continuously operate at low harvested power (low $\mathrm{P}_{\mathrm{H}})$, but 2) they also can scale up their performance when harvesting conditions are favorable (high $\mathrm{P}_{\mathrm{H}})$. Many existing IoT SoCs and platforms have a power floor that is too high [2] or are too low performance [3]. We propose an SoC for SPSs that pushes the power floor down to $2.19\mu\mathrm{W}$, simultaneously harvests from multiple sources, cold starts from low $\mathrm{P}_{\mathrm{H}}(60\text{Lux},\ 8^{\mathrm{o}}\mathrm{C})$, scales system performance based on environmental conditions, and improves the wakeup receiver sensitivity to −92dBm, all while allowing the system to maintain a small form factor enabling data collection even in the most challenging environments without the use of a battery. With these features, the proposed SoC can take advantage of the near infinite energy available to SPSs to do far more work than can be done with battery-powered systems.


The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is an effect of compensation on job satisfaction mediated by job satisfaction. The object of research at PT ISS Cikarang. The research was conducted using quantitative methods with SEM Smart PLS software as an analysis tool. The number of samples obtained by using a random sampling technique using the Slovin formula totaled 97 respondents. Data collection was carried out using google form in filling out online surveys. The data analysis method used is the R-square test, Bootstrapping, Path Coefficient, and Specific indirect effects. The results of this study indicate that compensation has an effect on employee performance, compensation has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction, job satisfaction affects employee performance, job satisfaction is able to provide a positive influence in mediating the relationship between compensation and employee performance in PT ISS Cikarang.


Abstract The sodiation of substituted acrylonitriles and alkenyl sulfides in a continuous flow set‐up using NaDA (sodium diisopropylamide) in EtNMe2 or NaTMP (sodium 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidide)⋅TMEDA in n‐hexane provides sodiated acrylonitriles and alkenyl sulfides, which are subsequently trapped in batch with various electrophiles such as aldehydes, ketones, disulfides and allylic bromides affording functionalized acrylonitriles and alkenyl sulfides. This flow‐procedure was successfully extended to other acrylates by using Barbier‐type conditions.


In the summer of 1998, watersheds in western Oregon were sampled for stream habitat. Sites were selected using a random tessellation stratified design. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Aquatic Inventories methods were used to quantify indicators of sediment supply and quality, riparian forest connectivity and health, habitat structure, in-stream complexity, and presence of salmonid species. Two hundred and seventy seven sites were surveyed for habitat with a 10% repeat survey effort. One hundred and fifty seven sites were sampled for salmonid presence/absence. Approximately 49% of the sites sampled for habitat were within the range of anadromous salmonids. Upstream catchment area and gradient were the two major factors driving the overall patterns of habitat variables. Secondarily, land ownership and geology were other factors correlated with the habitat variables analyzed. The private non-industrial land oownership type was characterized by slightly higher fine sediment levels, lower wood volumes and number of key wood pieces, lower densities of deep pools, and lower levels of stream shading. State and industrial forest lands show similar patterns to federal lands in wood levels in the stream channel, although they show lower levels of conifers in riparian zones. The sedimentary geologic type was characterized by higher levels of fine sediments in riffle units. Only six high quality, unconstrained stream reaches occurred in the 1998 habitat sample.


(57) Abstract: The polyphenolic antioxidant A process for the isolation from purine containing plant material, the process of (a) plant material with hydroxylic extracting liquid, thereby preferably extracted at a low temperature step; and (b) extract obtained in step (a), the preferably, step adsorbed at low temperatures; to the (c) adsorbed material with a hydroxylic desorbing liquid, preferably, is relatively desorbed at high temperatures comprising the step. This process, pharmaceutical compositions, cosmetic compositions, and particularly suitable for producing cocoa antioxidant for use in nutritional compositions.


A series of new 5-bromo-2, 4-dichloropyrimidine derivatives, 3(a-f) were synthesized by using different aryl aldehydes. The synthesized compounds were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral studies. The newly synthesized compounds were screened for their anticonvulsant activity against maximal electroshock seizure (MES) model in male wistar rats and compared with the standard drug phenytoin. The neurotoxic effects were determined by rotorod test by using mice. Compound 3b was found to be most potent of this series. The same compound showed no neurotoxicity at the maximum dose administered (100 mg/kg). The compound 3b showed 68.15% protection in comparison to phenytoin which completely inhibited the convulsions produced by electro-convulsometer, Similarly, compounds 3e and 3a showed moderate protective effects and a significant difference in protectiveness were observed when compared to standard group.


A 38 year old woman was admitted as an emergency with acute on chronic lower back pain. Examination revealed a fixed flexion deformity of the left hip, but no neurological deficit. She had lost 11 kg in weight over the preceding two months, and had recently had investigations for iron deficiency anaemia. Endoscopy showed that she had an oesophageal web, but no inflammation or bleeding to account for the anaemia. She was treated with fluconazole for cundidu, which had been identified in the oesophagus and was prescribed ferrous sulphate. Initial investigations revealed a hypochromic microcytic anaemia of 7.2 g &-' and an elevated white cell count of 15.6 x lo9 L-' (neutrophilia). The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was elevated at 94 mm h-' and her Creactive protein 285 mg L-' (normal range 1-10 mg L-'). Serum B12, folate and red cell folate were normal as were urea, electrolytes and CA125. She was negative for human immunodeficiency virus; early morning urine and sputum samples were negative for tuberculosis. Lumbar spine and pelvic radiographs revealed no significant abnormality. On isotope bone scan a right hydronephrosis and hydroureter were seen, although no focus of increased bone scintigraphic activity was apparent. An ultrasound examination revealed not only bilateral hydronephrosis but also an elongated hypoechoic lesion inferior to the left kidney within the retroperitoneum. A psoas collection was suspected and confirmed by computed tomography. A computed tomography guided drainage procedure was undertaken. Thick pus was aspirated and sent for culture. A J-guide wire was passed into the psoas collection. The tract was dilated using 8 and 9 F dilators and an 8.4 F pigtail drain was passed and sutured to the skin. An intravenous urogram examination demonstrated partial obstruction at the lower end of the right ureter. On the left side there was only a faint nephrogram and no contrast was seen in the collecting system 18 hours post injection. A left antegrade pyelogram was performed


HVDC test is one of routine tests on the converter transformer. This paper introduces the necessary equipment and test method. The test results for HVDC converter transformer in Three gorge Longquan Station are shown as well.


Laboratory tests were conduced to determine the susceptibility of Sitona hispidulus to entomophagous nematodes: Steinernema feltiae, St. bibionis and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora at the contact method application and infective dose of 30 L3 per insect. The L3 of S. hispidulus were more susceptible than L1 and L2 instars or pupae and adults. St. feltiae was the most aggressive nematode species, causing 100 % larval mortality after 6 days. The nematodes multiplied sufficiently in all insects at all stages of development; however, production of infective‐stage larvae per host cadaver was variable. It can be concluded that S. hispidulus belongs to the best hosts for each of the three nematode species.


RC: General: This paper could be an important contribution to the firn air modeling efforts. However the work is presented in a cumbersome style and not easy to follow even for a scientist with good background knowledge in this subject. I suggest to focus on the new aspects of this study, to use references for established ideas and results (e.g. it is not necessary to derive the barometric formula) and to discard unnecessary/unused sections.


Abstract Unavailability of information on photoperiod sensitivity of traditional rice is a disadvantage in breeding rice for adaptation to changing climatic conditions and for optimum plant architecture. This experiment was conducted to address the above problem through determination of variation in days to flowering (DF) and morphological traits of twenty eight selected very early maturing Sri Lankan traditional rice accessions under three photoperiod conditions: short day (SD), day neutral (DN) and long day (LD). Although rice is considered to be a facultative short day plant, 12 accessions (2088, 2979, 4615, 3970, 4245, 2091, 3450, 3883, 4217, 6741, 3738 and 3677) flowered significantly late under SD over LD, while accession 4223 flowered significantly late under DN. Fifteen accessions (3943, 4042, 4734, 3693, 4513, 3845, 4390, 4144, 4220, 4223, 4237, 4387, Bg 300, At 308 and Bg 379-2) flowered significantly early under SD over LD. Four accessions (3457, 3884, 6305 and 4358) were non-responsive to photoperiod for flowering time. Plant height significantly increased only in accession 4217 under SD. Higher plant height under DN was obtained from At 308 and accession 3883. Photoperiod did not affect plant height in accession 4237 and Bg 379-2. LD only or both LD and DN conditions produced significantly higher plant height irrespective of photoperiod responsiveness for DF in rest 26 accessions. Variation in response to photoperiod for DF and plant architecture in very early maturing Sri Lankan rice indicates the potential diversity of genetic factors for photoperiod response for future use in rice breeding.


So far, most previous studies on the nonlinear hysteresis analysis of ER/MR dampers have been limited to one-dimensional modeling techniques. A two-dimensional (2D) axisymmetric CFD model of MR dampers is developed in this work. The main advantage of the proposed 2D model of MR dampers lies in that it can be used to predict dynamic behavior of MR devices of arbitrary geometries. The compressibility of MR fluids is the main factor responsible for the hysteresis behavior of MR dampers, and it has been rarely investigated in previous multidimensional modeling of MR damper. In our model, the compressibility of MR fluids is taken into account by the two-dimensional constitutive model which is extended from a previous one-dimensional physical model. The model is solved by using the finite element method, and the movement of the piston is described by the moving mesh technique. The MR damper in a reference is simulated, and the model predictions show good agreement with the experimental data in the reference.


The quantification of gamma emitting radionuclides in large waste packages has traditionally been based on segment response functions for homoge ne us matrices with uniform activity distributions. This is usually justified on the gro unds that in the absence of additional information, the assumption of uniformity would, on the average when taken over a large number of containers, approximate the situation for randomly packed waste. In practice, however, the matrix in a particular container may b e quite heterogeneous, consisting of chunks of material with void space between. Additionally, the activity distribution may not match the density distribution of the matrix. An example is s urface contamination chunks of material in a heterogeneous container. The impact of these deviat ions from the simplistic assumptions of matrix and source uniformity have not been extensiv ely studied and reported previously. In this work we look at the problem using a numeric al simulation tool especially constructed to model irregular density and activity distributions. We illustrate for some familiar assay conditions such as the gamma-ray assay of 200 liter drums and large waste boxes how the presence of substantial void space results in a hig her detection efficiency than the usually applied uniform model would predict. We show how with reaso nable knowledge of the waste form, an allowance may be made and in particular how a more appropriate total measurement uncertainty (TMU) contribution may be estimated. Introduction A common gamma-ray measurement scenario is the radi oassay of potentially active or contaminated material in large containers. Common c ontainers include the familiar 200 liter drum and B-25 boxes. Within the U.S. Department of Energy community, the Standard Large Box 2 (SLB2, approx. 7000 liters) and the Standard Waste Box (SWB, approx 2000 liters) also find frequent use. For purposes of screening and fr ee release, two competing objectives in the design of any gamma-ray assay system are high throu g put and high sensitivity. A typical strategy for meeting both objectives is to assay th e container from many detector positions so as to ensure that the entire sample volume is "seen" b y at least one detector. Typically multiple detectors acquire data concurrently. An example implementation of such a strategy is the Canberra WM-2500 Series Box Counter. In this system, four high-purity germanium (HPGe) dete ctors are used to assay the sample container. Two detectors are stacked vertically on either side of the container, which moves on a trolley between the two detector assemblies. The as say takes place with the trolley and sample located at multiple stationary positions along its length. So if a large box such as an SLB2 is assayed, for example, with five trolley positions, and with four detectors counting at each position, there are thus 20 detector locations whic h comprise the assay dataset. This is depicted in Figure 1. Figure 1. Illustration of typical Box Counter geom etry. For multi-position assays such as this, the most se nsitive measurement result, that is the one with the lowest detection limit, is generally obtained f rom analyzing the summed spectrum from all of the detector locations. In order to obtain activity alues from the accumulated spectrum, an efficiency calibration (i.e. full-energy-peak count s registered in the spectrum per gamma ray emitted in the sample medium) must be used. Typical ly the efficiency used during data analysis is obtained assuming that both the activity and the att nuating sample matrix are uniformly distributed throughout the volume of the container. This is in spite of the well-known fact that such uniformity is very rarely realized with actual s mple waste containers. There are several reasons for nevertheless making the assumption of u iformity. One common reason is simplicity of calibration – whether one calibrates via measure ment of prepared surrogates or via mathematical calculations, it's often cheaper, fast er, and easier to use a uniform source term. Another, more important, reason is that if a large number of containers is to be counted, each with its own unknown degree and configuration of no nuniformity, the only reasonable assumption one can make is that of uniformity. Note that this does as ume random packing and filling for each individual container; such an assu mption is frequently justified. However, for a given container the difference between the actual ( and usually unknown) source and matrix configuration and the uniformity that is assumed in the efficiency calibration can have significant impact on the accuracy of the final assay result. The origin of these effects can easily be seen by e xamining a general expression for the summed efficiency for several detectors counting a contain er volume with arbitrary distributions of activity and attenuating matrix. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ∑ ∫ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ = ⋅ − DetectorsContainer 2 1 dV F r d e r A A r r x r


In practical scenarios, there are always array errors, which would increase the sidelobe level (SLL) of the array and distort the performance of the electronic devices consequently. Nevertheless, most of the reported works do not take these unavoidable errors into consideration when implementing array beampattern synthesis. To remedy this problem, a low sidelobe beampattern synthesis approach is proposed in the presence of array errors based on the bat algorithm (BA). In particular, the covariance matrix of the sidelobe region in the presence of array errors is incorporated into the optimization problem. Generally, there are many factors that would contribute to array errors in practical scenarios. Therefore, to reduce the influence of the uncertainty characteristic of the errors on the low-SLL beampattern synthesis, the statistical mean method is utilized to obtain a robust calculation of the covariance matrix in the presence of array errors. Theoretical analysis using signal processing technique and electromagnetic simulation using Ansoft HFSS workbench are combined to testify the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Numerical results show that peak SLLs (PSLLs) of around -22dB and -20dB can be respectively achieved in the above two simulation situations with the obtained weight vectors.


The article dwells on historic participation of comsomol members and youth in the erection of hydropower stations in Tajikistan. The selfless labour of young builders, engineering-technical human resources in the construction of Varzob, Kairakhoom, Nurek, Roghun hydropower stations is highlighted with concrete historic facts. Special attention is paid to joint activity of comsomol members and youth of the Soviet Union aimed at an erection of HEPSes in Tajikistan. The creative work of youth on labour competition organization is analyzed. The author rivets attention to succession of generations in the construction of the most important objects under the conditions of state independence in Tajikistan Republic.


A dual-purpose balance game playing device comprises an integrated two-sided model board, a first rolling ball, a second rolling ball and a transparent board, wherein a first track and a second track are respectively arranged on the front and the back surfaces of the fish model board, the first track can be covered by the transparent board, the first rolling ball can roll in the first track, and the second rolling ball can roll in the second track. Through the device, a user can play two different rolling ball balance games for different game fun experiences; the second rolling ball looks like a fish eye and is embedded in a ball groove of the model board when the device is not in use, so as to achieve both elegant appearance and convenience in storage; and the device looks like a fish swimming in the hand when the user plays the rolling ball games.


Concatenated sequences of small‐ and large‐subunit rRNA genes were used to infer the phylogeny of 29 species in six genera of Tintinnida. We confirmed previous results on the positions of major clusters and the grouping of various genera, including Stenosemella, the paraphyletic Tintinnopsis, the newly investigated Helicostomella, and some species of the polyphyletic Favella. Tintinnidium and Eutintinnus were found to be monophyletic. This study contributes to tintinnid phylogenetic reconstruction by increasing both the number of species and the range of genetic markers analyzed.


This paper presents two definitions for neighborhood restrictions labels of a graph,semi-total neighborhood restrictions label SN(p,q) and total neighborhood restrictions label TN(p,q).SN(p,q) is a normal label that only restricts the neighborhood of part dots.TN(p,q) is a normal label that restricts the neighborhood of all dots.Semi-total neighborhood restrictions label number and total neighborhood restrictions label number of a graph G are SLp,q(G) and TLp,q(G).This paper gives the bounds of SLp,q(G) and TLp,q(G) of some graphs.


The rbcL gene of the chloroplast genome is widely used as an additional data for the study of species origin, molecular evolution and phylogeny. In this study, we used the rbcL gene to separate three species of genus Stephania: S. japonica, S. polygona, S. rotunda and one subspecies S. japonica var. discolor from Vietnam. Molecular analysis was performed on 523 bp segment of the rbcL genes with 4 examined samples of the genus Stephania and 18 other genbank sequences of five genera Pachygone, Antizoma, Cissampelos, Cyclea and Syntriandrium. The dataset consists of 22 sequences used to reconstruct the evolutionary tree using two methods: Bayesian Infer (BI) and Maximum Likelihood (MP). The results showed that S. rotunda was able to distinguish from S. japonica or S. polygona, while S. japonica, S. japonica var. discolor and S. polygona could not distinguished each another. The phylogenetic tree splited three examined species into two groups, representing the two main groups of morphology in genus Stephania: a group with tuberous rootstock and another group with main root.


This study aims to determine the phenomenon of Fun Football in the Covid 19 Pandemic Period as a Community Recreational Sport in Karanganyar Regency. This type of research is a qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The informant retrieval technique uses the Snowball Sampling technique. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and document analysis. The data validity technique used triangulation technique. Data analysis was carried out in four stages, namely: the data collection stage, the data reduction stage, the data presentation stage, and the conclusion drawing stage. Based on observations and interviews, it was found that out of 141 respondents, 97.2% or 137 respondents stated that public awareness had increased after the COVID-19 pandemic came to Indonesia. There were 80.1% or 113 respondents stated that after the COVID-19 pandemic, there were many fun football activities in Karanganyar Regency. As many as 60.3% or 85 respondents stated that the football field before the COVID-19 pandemic was not actively used and after the Covid-19 pandemic was actively used for fun football activities. A total of 55.3% or 78 respondents stated that there was a football group or club which before the covid-19 pandemic was not active and after the covid-19 pandemic actively played fun football. Then 95% or 134 respondents stated that when there were fun football activities in Karanganyar Regency there were photographers who were often present to take pictures of fun football players. So it can be concluded that the majority of respondents like funfootball, while the benefits are that it can maintain health and physical fitness, increase body immunity, fill spare time, get fun, build friendship, self-existence.


Objective:To explore the feasibility of microwave sintering cuttlebone as bone tissue engineering scaffolds in vitro.Methods:The microwave sintering cuttlebone were evaluated by scanning electron microscope and XRD,and the total porosity and open-cell rate were calculated.We also evaluated its cytotoxicity and the proliferation and differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (hMSCs) on it.Results:Microwave sintering cuttlebone can be completely carbonized to remove organic matter,the porous structure suitable for the osseointegration and bone salt elements are maintained and non-cytotoxic.The human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) could growth on its surface.The extracts had benefit for ostegeneic differentiation of hMSCs.Conclusion:The microwave sintering cuttlebone could be the scaffold of bone tissue engineering with a number of important features such as no Cytotoxicity,good biocompatibility,well surfactant and porous structure suitable for the osseointegration.The organic matter of cuttlebone can be completely carbonized by the technology of microwave sintering which effectively inactivate the antigen and microbial origin.Therefore,microwave sintering cuttlebone have potential as a scaffold for bone tissue engineering.


Monomer casting polyamide 6 (MCPA6) was modified by zeolite whose microstructure owns nanoscale holes which has excellent interfacial compatibility with MCPA6. The zeolite / MCPA6 composites were prepared by anionic in-situ polymerization. FTIR indicated that the addition of zeolite did not cause adverse reaction in the reaction system. The results also showed that zeolite / MCPA6 composites had two melting peaks; MCPA6 transformed from α crystal to γ crystal structure partly. The zeolite played a role of heterogeneous nucleation agent which improved the crystallinity of MC nylon 6. When the addition of zeolite was 5 phr, the zeolite / MCPA6 composite crystallization temperature increased over MCPA6 6.8 °C.


In view of the demand of signal environment reconnaissance and surveillance,the model for azimuth-frequency two dimensional energy distribution is established,on the basis of the current radar counter-measure reconnaissance technical system,in this paper.In this model,the scope of reconnaissance is divided into several cells in accordance with azimuth and frequency,and the signal spectrum energy in each cell represents the size of the cell.And then a model for random changing energy is analyzed,via which,a method for signal monitoring of abnormal electromagnetic targets is presented.Theoretical analysis and simulation results prove that this model and monitoring scheme are of availability,providing a reference for the function extension of the equipment in service.


Shows the robust nonhuman concern in Romantic works through new readings of Mary Shelley, Burns, Wordsworth, Clare, and Coleridge. The chapter traces these themes and forms of threatened, abject life as an expansive multispecies community of suffering. These works interrogate the weakness of expressive forms, performing the very captivity they lament. Wordsworth's poem on the Bartholomew Fair is a fulcrum to the London studies in the book. These forms of expression are then examined in Dickens's narratology and the narrator-object Esther in Bleak House.


The education of household management is the important content of female education and the important means of promoting re-employment of laid-off workers. We should advance the laid-off female workers to choose the industry of household management and realize re-employment through concept education, training, propaganda and other ways.


Biological systems molecular architecture of the cell surface cell surface markers and immunoglobulin superfamily growth factors and receptors cell adhesion molecules cell surface carbohydrates interaction between cell surface and nucleus.


We have experimentally obtained force−elongation, F(w), curves for the uniaxial extension/compression of single cylindrical bubbles and bubble clusters bounded by two horizontal walls at a variable separation, w. We have studied the effect of the elongation rate on F(w) of cylindrical bubbles and the changes in F associated with instabilities and with topological transformations that occur during deformation of bubble clusters.


What customers want is one thing, but what they actually need and what they desire is something else. In this paper we define existing customer needs as something that customers know and are aware ...


We propose a viewing-angle-enhanced integral imaging display using a composite micro-lens array. The composite micro-lens array is comprised a convex micro-lens array and a concave micro-lens array. The viewing angle along both the horizontal and vertical directions of the proposed display is enhanced by increasing the thickness of the concave micro-lens and reducing the right radius of the concave micro-lens. The maximum viewing angle of the proposed display is 4.36 times of the conventional one.


PROTEIN LOOP LENGTH ESTIMATION FROM MEDIUM RESOLUTION CRYOEM IMAGES A. R. McKnight Old Dominion University, 2013 Director: Dr. Nikos Chrisochoides In the post-genomic era, proteomics research presents a new frontier in life science. Proteins play roles in virtually every biological process, and understanding their atomic structures is the key to unraveling how they carry out their work. Compared to the over half million protein sequences in UniProt, only around 25,000 unique sequences have been atomically modeled and deposited to PDB (Protein Databank). Cryoelectron Microscopy (cryoEM) is an important biophysical technique that produces 3D subnanometer resolution images of molecules not amenable to past approaches like x-ray crystallography or nuclear magnetic resonance. De novo modeling is becoming a promising approach to derive the atomic structure of proteins from the cryoEM 3D images at "medium" resolutions–between 5 and 10 Å. Distance measurement along 1D skeletons of 3D images is an important step in de novo modeling. Despite the need of such measurement, little has been investigated about its accuracy in searching for an effective method. We propose a method to refine the skeletal length via line simplification after selecting the appropriate segmentation from the density map using Hausdorff distances. Complementarily, we developed a motion planning approach to estimate the minimum length of a loop lying completely within a contour of the density map. To test the methods, loops between 1 and 10 residues in length were extracted from atomic structures in PDB and used to generate density maps at 8 Å resolution, along with experimentally derived density maps from EMDB (Electron Microscopy Databank).


The safety and reliability of nuclear power have been hotly debated in the last 30 years. Compared with physical outputs of production, such as electricity, safety and reliability are not easily measurable. This paper considers reliability, defined as the hazard of an unplanned shutdown, and addresses the measurability problem by introducing a generalization of Poisson regression models to analyze the occurrence of unplanned shutdowns interrupting operating spells in European nuclear power plants between 1981 and 1986.


Marxism in China is not only a major theoretical sublimation of Marxism,but also the evolution of the system of discourse patterns change.In the historical process of Marxism in China,due to the transformation of the historic mission of and the changes of temporal and spatial conditions,it has different forms of discourse.In practice,Marxism were constantly read and interpreted by the different forms of discourse and showed theoretical quality of nationalization,concretion,systematization and popularization which led to four rational transitions of Marxism in China.


Summary form only given. With the recent progress in the areas of periodic structures and metamaterials, numerous innovative designs of reflectarray antenna systems have been reported as potential replacements of parabolic antennas. Reflectarrays have also found applications in at phased arrays that are used for many high-gain antenna applications such as satellite communications and radar systems. Reflectarray antennas are generally composed of locally-periodic structures with unit cells that act as spatial phase shifters or spatial time-delay units. These unit cells are commonly implemented from resonant building blocks (e.g. patch antennas). Such reflectarrays suffer from relatively small bandwidths and tend to be highly dispersive. Moreover, in situations where reflectarrays are fed with multiple feed antennas to achieve a multi-beam aperture, the sensitivity of the responses of these spatial phase shifters to the angle of incidence of the electromagnetic wave can seriously deteriorate the response of the structure. Hence, in applications where signals with instantaneously broad bandwidths are used, reflectarray antennas free of chromatic aberration must be employed. In this paper, we propose a new technique for designing low-profile, ultrawideband, and true-time-delay (TTD) reflectarray antennas. Such an antenna is composed of numerous spatial time delay units (TDU) distributed over a planar surface that provides a desired time delay over a wide frequency range. Each spatial TDU is a unit cell of appropriately designed miniaturized-element frequency selective surfaces (MEFSSs) composed entirely of non-resonant constituting elements. A prototype of the proposed TTD reflectarray with focal length to aperture diameter ratio (f/D) of 1 is designed to operate at a center frequency of 10 GHz. The designed structure is a low-profile structure with an overall thickness of 4.78 mm (or equivalently 0.16λo where λo is the free space wavelength at the center frequency of operation), and uses spatial TDU with the dimensions of 6.5 mm x 6.5 mm (≈ 0.22λo x 0.22λo). The antenna gain at the center frequency is 28.4 dB, and the frequency range within which the gain does not vary more than 4 dB is 7-13 GHz (a relative gain bandwidth of 60%). The side lobe level (SLL) remains below -12 dB across the band when it is illuminated under normal incidence angle. Also, because of the sub-wavelength feature of each TDU as well as its small overall thickness, the reflectarray demonstrate a scanning performance in a wide field of view of ±45o, which comes at the expense of slight degradation of the SLL. Details of the design of the structure as well as the measurement results of the fabricated prototype will be presented and discussed at the symposium.


This paper investigates the seismic behavior of a single storey ten-bay confined brick masonry structure with substructure pseudo-dynamic tests,in which only one bay of the whole structure is chosen to be the full-scale experimental test specimen.The performance of the structure in terms of displacement response, failure process and hysteresis characteristics were obtained from the tests.The test results show that the structure behaves strong seismic resistance performance,which can resist 1 600gal earthquake excitation and overwhelmingly exceeds the requirements for fortification against earthquakes.So it can give reference to improve the seismic capacity of rural houses from the tests.


This study examines the role of teacher knowledge about reading fluency in students' fluency growth. Specifically, the effects of teacher knowledge on fluency with nonsense word reading and oral passage reading were examined. Students' vocabulary was also considered as a predictor of fluency development. Results demonstrated that teacher knowledge about reading fluency is a significant predictor of first-grade students' decoding growth and second-grade students' oral reading fluency growth. Effects on third-grade students' reading growth are less pronounced. Implications for future research and professional development practice are discussed.


The thermal conductivity of pure nickel and a number of dilute Ni-Co, Ni-Fe, Ni-Cu and Ni-Pd alloys has been measured in the temperature range 2-100 °K. An attempted separation of the measured conductivity into its electronic and lattice components indicates rather large deviations from the thermal equivalent of Matthiessen's rule. These deviations are greatest in Ni-Co and smallest in Ni-Pd, suggesting a close correlation with the deviations from Mattheissen's rule itself observed previously in the same alloys and attributed to a spin-mixing mechanism. Below 15 °K these deviations are negligible so that the lattice conductivity can be evaluated. The values obtained are close to those found in noble metal alloys, and are not unusually low as observed in alloys of palladium and platinum.


Nest searching and mud and prey transport behavior in a small aggregation of Auplopus caerul escens subcorticalis nesting in a concrete cellar foundation in upstate New York are delineated. The contents of nine cells of this subspecies are identified, the mud cells and wasps' eggs are described and measured and the site of the egg attachment on the spider is defined. Selectivity in prey capture at the family level by certain females was indicated, with Thomisidae reported as a new prey family. The method of prey transport and a new prey family (Clubionidae) for Auplopus mellipes variitarsatus are given. Two prey records for Ageniella fulgifrons are included. Knowledge of the nesting behavior and prey preference of Nearctic species in the spider wasp tribe Auplopodini is based mostly on isolated observations of individual females or their nests. Members of the tribe amputate several or all of the spider's legs to facilitate prey transport and feed on haemolymph exuding from the amputated leg bases (Evans and Yoshimoto 1962). Some species ofAgeniella nest in the ground in pre-existing holes and place a paralyzed spider in a cell constructed near or at the end of the hole (Evans and Yoshimoto 1962, Wasbauer and Leech 1973, Evans 1974, Kurczewski and Kurczewski 1987). Species of Phanagenia and Auplopus build mud cells, sometimes in series, in sheltered situations and provision each cell with a paralyzed spider (Williams 1919, Kimsey 1980). Whereas species of Phanagenia and Auplopus are rather unselective of their family of prey (Krombein 1979), some species ofAgeniella are family-specific in prey capture (Kurczewski and Kurczewski 1987). Because of the dearth of information on the nesting behavior of this tribe of pompilids, practically any observation made on this group f spider wasps adds new information and, hence, the following notes are recorded below. The wasps and prey spiders from this study have been given associated ethology note numbers and deposited in the insect museums of Cornell University and the State University of New York College f Environmental Science and Forestry, respectively. Auplopus caerulescens subcorticalis (Walsh) Individuals of this subspecies nested in pre-existing holes in the concrete cellar foundation of a house in Etna, Tompkins County, New Y rk during 11 August-7 September 1987 (Ethological Note No. P-87-4-13). Three of the holes, 0.5-0.6 cm in diameter, were situated 43-45 cm above ground level, were 2.0-6.5 cm apart and were interconnected. Females were observed searching for nesting sites between 1155 and 1 01 lEnvironmental and Forest Biology, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210. 1 Kurczewski: Observations on the Nesting Behavior of Auplopus Caerulescens Published by ValpoScholar, 1989 72 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 22, No.2 h (EDT) on sunny or partly cloudy days. Such wasps made arcked flights, 15-30 em-long, always facing the vertical foundation wall, landed frequen!ly and entered holes and cracks in the concrete. Most females exited headfirst 1-8 min (x 2.4, N = 17) after entering, took flight and searched elsewhere in the foundation. On 4 September at 1501 h a wasp began antennating a small cavity near the base of the wall, walked across an amaurobiid web without becoming entangled and entered the hole. She exited headfirst from this opening at 1525 h, made a 45 sec orientation flight that included turning many circles and flew away. The female returned in flight at 1531 h with a pellet of mud held beneath her head, presumably with the mandibles and bristles on the mentum (Evans and Yoshimoto 1962, Shimizu 1986), landed, ran across the arnaurobiid web, entered and exited 1 min later. During this and subsequent entries by the wasp the amaurobiid ran to the opposite side of its web. At 1725 h the female entered with the 24th pellet of mud for her nest. At 1605 h of the next day this wasp was observed flying in with another pellet of mud, presumably for a second cell, as the interior of the cavity contained two adjacent cells when later exposed. Several other females were seen during 11-30 August between 1130-1810 h, landing on the wall and holding mud pellets beneath their heads before flying into holes in the foundation. The mud pellets were about Y3 the size of the wasp's head and had been gathered from the edge of a mud puddle 9 m away. One such wasp spent 1-10 min (x = 5 .2) between 10 entries, whereas another female brought in 30 mud pellets between 1625 and 1738 h. The latter wasp took 35 -85 sec (x =44) to deposit a mud load inside. Eight observations of wasps transporting paralyzed spiders into openings in the foundation were noted and, in all cases, the manner of prey transport was essentially the same. The legs of all spiders had been amputated at the coxal-trochanteral joints. Wasps straddled the spiders as they laid ventral side up and held the spider's spinnerets with the mandibles (see Evans 1953). They made either short flights or carried the spider forward on the ground. Some females climbed a tree nearby or other vegetation and then flew downward at an angle to assist in transport. Eventually, all of the wasps carried the prey up the concrete wall using the wings as an aid, or landed thereon and proceeded forward into one of the openings. A total f nine cells was discovered in three shallow openings following removal of a small amount of concrete from the wall. Two, three and four cells were found roughly in series in areas separated by 6 and 9 cm, respectively. The outer surface f ach cell was roughened and characterized by the texture of the individual mud pellets. The cell interior was smooth and appeared to be almost polished. The cells were roughly cylindrical in shape and were 0.6-0.8 cm long and 0.4-0.5 cm in diameter. The cell walls were about 0.1 cm thick. It is likely that the smaller cells would have given rise to male and the larger cells to female wasps. Each cell contained a single paralyzed spider minus its legs in a head outward and ventral side up position. None f the spiders had recovered from the effects of the venom upon removal from the cells. The wasps' eggs, 0.15-0.17 x 0.04-0.06 em in length and width, were sausage-shaped and attached obliquely near the basal portion on the underside of the spider's abdomen. Ten prey spiders, including one collected during prey transport, were identified as follows: CLUBIONIDAE: Clubiona sp., pen. , pen. 0; TH OMISIDAE: Xysticus sp., pen. ; SALTICIDAE: Eris militaris (Hentz), , Phidippus audax (Hentz), imm., Phidippus sp., imm. (2), Platycryptus undatus (De Geer), imm. (2), Sitticus jasciger (Simon), . Certain females had provisioned only with clubionids and other wasps only with salticids and one thomisid. The spiders weighed (wet) 16-20 mg (x 17.9, N= 10) and the wasps, 14-16 mg (x= 15.2, N=4). Auplopus mellipes variitarsatus (Dalla Torre) Amber, Onondaga County, New York; 30 June 1987; 1410 h (EDT). A female was observed transporting a paralyzed spider forward on a wooden porch railing of a summer cottage. She held the prey venter up and grasped its spiunerets with the mandibles. After 2 The Great Lakes Entomologist, Vol. 22, No. 2 [1989], Art. 3 https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol22/iss2/3 1989 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 73 carrying the spider across the railing and up the side of the cottage, the was with the spider flew to the ground at which time the pair was collected. The spider was identified as a Clubiona obesa Hentz, '? (CLUBIONIDAE) (P-87-l), with all legs cut off at the coxal-trochanteral joints. It weighed (wet) 38 mg. Ageniella fulgifrons (Cresson) Erie, 2.4 km SE, Erie County, Pennsylvania; 28 July 1987; 1320 and 1440 h (E.D.T.). Two wasps were collected while transporting spiders on the ground. Prey: Phidippus audax (Hentz) (SALTICIDAE) (P-87-2,3), with all legs amputated at the coxal trochanteral joints. Weights (wet): 55, 57 mg.


In all societies, healthcare is shared by the individual and by the society at large, represented by its government. Cultures and societies decide how much resources are devoted to healthcare. It is their responsibility through the policy makers to decide how resources are allocated and which conditions get priority. The context of such allocation inevitably depends upon a number of factors. Demographics of society, social and political ideologies, and economic context will all play a role in determining what funding is made available and what other resources are allocated. The relationship between doctors and society remains a complex one. Depending upon the healthcare system, doctors and society have an implicit rather than explicit contract, although this is beginning to change with ever increasing regulation in the UK at least. This relationship between doctors and potential patients (all members of the society have the likelihood of becoming ill and becoming patients seeking treatment) influences the context and the setting within which the therapeutic interaction takes place. Professionalism in medicine has existed for centuries. The code of conduct embedded within professionalism has evolved over time in response to societal demands and pressures, and indeed will continue to do so in the future. Professional values and the professions themselves are not static but dynamic and must continue evolving. These codes emerged both from within and from outside the profession. The pressures on any healthcare system – but in the UK context on the National Health Service (NHS) with potential changes related to new providers – will alter the way medical professionals behave and their inherent code of conduct.


The MAGIC telescope located on the Roque de los Muchachos on t he Canary Island La Palma at a height of 2200 m a.s.l. is able to point to the sea. This per mits a search for air shower signatures induced by particles coming out of the Earth. An analytical a pproximation results inντ effective areas from∼ 10 m (at 100 TeV) to 10 m (at 1 EeV) for an observation angle of about 1 ◦ below the horizon, rapidly diminishing with further inclination. Taking into account the huge effective area, this configuration was investigated for its suitability to search for ultr a-high energy (UHE) tau-neutrino signatures. The outcome of simulations for tau-neutrino signatures wil be p r sented, models for astrophysical neutrino sources reviewd, and estimated event rates in MAGIC are show n.


Summary form only. Almost all experimental observations of plasma armatures in railguns have been made in bores less than 20 mm in diameter. A serious velocity-limiting interaction with the bore walls has been identified. The plasma radiates to the bore walls at power levels of several GW/m/sup 2/. The bore walls ablate and the ablated material enters the armature, resulting in an apparent drag. The author examined the ablation-induced drag as bore size is increased. Using a three-dimensional computational model, he determined plasma temperature and pressure distributions. Bore wall ablation and drag were then computed. It was found that plasma armature length and resistance increase only slowly with bore size. Radiant power densities do not change significantly, and the deleterious effects of ablation-induced drag decrease.<<ETX>>


The aim of this work is to produce the generative rootstocks for the wild pears, which will be of moderate denseness. The initial material is the population of wild pear in the area of Polimlje. The study focused on few segments. Very first one included recording of the phenological traits – first flowering, full flowering, end of flowering and harvest period. The other segment comprised pomological features, i.e. physical [fruit weight (g), fruit size (mm), mass of dry seed (g), and number of seed in 1 kg of the fruit]. Seeds from 9 selected genotypes of wild pears were planted in the nursery and raised seedlings were evaluated for nursery characteristics: germination, seedling vigor, uniformidty and branching. Raised seedlings were used as rootstocks for scion cultivar 'Grand Champion'. The most important benefit of this study is the fact that the parent trees, the seeds of which provide the best morphological and physiological characteristics for the production of generative rootstocks, were found and favored (in situ). Results of this research show that the rapid growth and uniformity of scions depend on the genetic characteristics of generative rootstocks of selected genotypes of wild pears, such as: plant height, stem diameter (corpulence), branching and uniformity. The selected genotypes, especially 'Genotype 11', proved to be the best for mountainous areas of the north of Montenegro, higher altitudes and poorer types of soil. The 'Genotype 11' is suggested as the best option for the production of generative rootstocks due to its small vigour level.


In an era of proliferating antiretroviral therapies, clinical endpoint trials have become problematic in terms of their lengthy durations, excessive sample sizes, and resource requirements. Rapid developments in the HIV field can also impact an ongoing clinical endpoint trial, resulting in changes to the treatment arms, accrual problems, and pressure to terminate the study prematurely. Thus, there are increasing arguments for the use of surrogate markers in preference to clinical endpoints. Plasma HIV-1 RNA is pathogenetically plausible as a surrogate marker, and is currently the strongest predictor of clinical outcome. It is also easily measurable and responsive to active agents. A combination of viral load measurements such as proportion of subjects below the limit of detection and change from baseline should be utilized to provide a more immediate assessment of disease status. Also, plasma HIV-1 RNA is best used in combination with other markers, such as the CD4 cell count, that carry prognostic significance.


The profuse use of software has turned the world into global village where everything is accessible at finger tips. The past studies have confirmed the rapid increase in the demand of software whereas its quality supply has drastically decreased to 6%. As high demand and low supply normally generate numerous problems, many researchers, therefore, have raised their concern to develop software affordable, less time consuming and feasible to achieve organisational ends. The findings of the past research studies have determined the fact that besides technical skills, human resources (i.e., personality type for team composition) is of pivotal importance for developing software which has not been seriously addressed. This study has tried to address this prevailing problem by focusing on patterns of personality types of programmer role monitored with team-leader. Additionally, to draw the attention of practitioners, the results are validated with several classification techniques and results appeared with high accuracy. The study has implications on both software developers and researchers having their interest in role of team composition in software development.


Bacteria sense their own population size, tune the expression of responding genes, and behave accordingly to environmental stimuli by secreting signaling molecules. This phenomenon is termed as quorum sensing (QS). By exogenously manipulating the signal transduction bacterial population behaviors could be controlled, which may be done through quorum quenching (QQ). QS related regulatory networks have been proven their involvement in regulating many virulence determinants in pathogenic bacteria in the course of infections. Interfering with QS signaling system could be a novel strategy against bacterial infections and therefore requires more understanding of their fundamental mechanisms. Here we review the development of studies specifically on the inhibition of production of N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL), a common proteobacterial QS signal. The opportunistic pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, equips the alkylquinolone (AQ)-mediated QS which also plays crucial roles in its pathogenicity. The studies in QQ targeting on AQ are also discussed.


Height to crown base (HCB) is an important variable used as a predictor of forest growth and yield. This study developed a nonlinear, mixed-effects HCB model through inclusion of plot-level random effects using data from 29 sample plots distributed across a state-owned Yixing forest farm in Jiangsu province, eastern China. Among several predictor variables evaluated in the analyses, bamboo height, canopy density, and total basal area of bamboo with a diameter larger than that of the subject bamboo individual contributed significantly to the HCB variations. The inclusion of random effects improved the prediction accuracy of the model significantly, indicating that the HCB variations within and across the sample plots were substantial. The model was localized using four sampling strategies, and the study identified that using two medium-sized bamboos by diameter at breast height per sample plot resulted in the smallest prediction error. This strategy, which would balance both measurement cost and potential error, may be applied to estimate the random effects and localization of the nonlinear mixed-effects HCB model for moso bamboo in eastern China.


The current economic condition of generation Z was pretty unexpected. It might trigger problems personally or even their families. This study aimed to reveal the factors influencing the financial well-being and altering personality problems of generation Z. There were more than 800,000 peoples in population and the number of the sample was 239 peoples using a combination of purposive and convenience sampling methods. The data was then analyzed using multiple linear regression. The researchers used primary data by distributing questionnaires based on a Likert Scale. All classic assumptions met the criteria and testing produced financial self-efficacy, financial attitude, financial knowledge, financial behavior, and had a significant positive effect on financial well-being. However, locus of control had no significant effect on financial well-being. Generation Z must increase their independence and confidence to achieve what they want. It would be good to have financial atitude and investment behavior along with financial knowledge. They must also believe that only theirself can provide personal well-being. Generation Z needed character education, more mature, and independent thinking models to deal with economic problems


Recently, the highway construction projects increase rapidly in Vietnam and most of them are international contracting projects. It results serious negative influence on the local government and enterprises that the common cost overrun of projects, and the risk factors of it is different in the different countries, different stages and projects types. So in this paper, we generate an evaluation index system of highway construction projects cost overrun risk in Vietnam in the perspective of different project participants, and also evaluate the effects of these factors in method of regression analysis. The empirical results confirmed 7 main factors that have aggravated cost overrun risk in construction stages, e.g. survey and design scheme risk. In final, the corresponding suggestions are proposed to reduce the project cost overrun risk.


In the first of a two part series, Ahn and colleagues discuss the reductionist approach pervading medicine and explain how a systems approach (as advocated by systems biology) may complement reductionism.


58 percent of the jobs in the United Stated are created by firms with fewer than 500 employees (Davis, et al. [1998]). Yet, there is only limited research done on the industry trends and conditions affecting small company sale transactions. The small business industry has very different dynamics compared to the large public companies. Based on my findings, small businesses have significantly lower price-to-earning ratios compared to large companies. In this paper, I study the economic conditions affecting small firms and variables that affect the selling prices of these companies. I show that there exists a strong informational asymmetry between the buyers and sellers of small companies that lower the transaction prices. I also show that market illiquidity and contingent contracts can impact the selling prices of small companies. Thesis Supervisor: Antoinette Schoar Title: Michael M. Koerner Associate Professor of Entrepreneurial Finance


Twenty two outcrop sections were sampled in arder to present the benthic and planktonic foraminiferal species from Paleogene, deep water deposits. The sections studied were derived from the Voirons massif, Subalpine chains, Chablais Prealpine front and Thones syncline in the Haute-Savoie of France. Two supplementary sections were studied in the Romand Prealpine front for comparative faunal analyses. An outline of the paleoecological parameters interpreted, including dissolved oxygen levels, salinity levels, carbonate and silica availability, temperature and energy, substrate and bathymetry, is presented, illustrating the use of both planktonic and benthic foraminifers in obtaining the paleoenvironmental conditions on Paleogene deep water deposits. The paleoecology and biostratigraphy of the studied sections were interpreted using modem foraminiferal taxonomie and biostratigraphic concepts. […]


Students with emotional and behavioral disorders who display disruptive behaviors in general education settings are increasingly being educated in alternative education settings. Alternative education settings can vary widely, but they typically have smaller classroom sizes and educational staff who are trained to teach students who were not successful in their previous educational settings. This Current Topics column provides (a) an introduction to how students are placed in those settings, (b) a description of common alternative educational settings, and (c) an overview of effective educational, behavioral, and mental health services available to children and youth in alternative educational settings.


In the smart grid era, significant penetrations of distributed renewables not only directly impact the secondary low-voltage (LV) distribution network where they are connected, but also indirectly affect the primary medium-voltage (MV) distribution network. Therefore, load flow algorithms are expected to cover both MV and LV levels within a distribution network for more accurate and reasonable analyses. In this study, based on the Direct Load Flow approach and detailed modeling of common Dyn11 distribution transformers, a comprehensive three-phase load flow method which can effectively and efficiently solve the integrated MV and LV distribution networks is proposed. The feasibility and effectiveness as well as superior computational performance in terms of accuracy, efficiency and robustness are verified by simulations on the typical IEEE 4-bus test feeder and a real Australian distribution network over 24 hours.


Spectrum sensing is a vital signal processing task in the cognitive radio systems in order to detect and identify the primary users signals (the licensees). In this paper, we study the performance of cyclostationary features detector as a spectrum sensing technique for IEEE 802.22 Wireless Regional Area Network (WRAN). We propose two algorithms based on cyclostationary features to detect the presence of TV-PAL and wireless microphone signals. These algorithms are evaluated in comparison with energy detector. The results show that the performance of cyclostationarity-based algorithms is superior to energy detector performance especially in the case of noise uncertainty.


In this paper, we have rigorously shown that, in a thermodynamic limit, there always exists a one-spin-flipped state degenerate with the Nagaoka state in one-band Hubbard model on a two and three-dimensional simple cubic lattice when the number of holes $N_{\rm h} = N_\Lambda - N_{\rm e}\approx N_\Lambda^\alpha$ (with 0≤α Uc, the Nagaoka state has the ground-state energy of the system for a two-dimensional square lattice when ρ→0.


The UI Supreme Court held that court-approved affirmative action settlements can be challenged by white employees. The case involved white firefighters who challenged a plan agreed to by the City of Birmingham, Alabama, under which whites and blacks would be hired in equal numbers until a racial balance in the number of firefighters was reached that approximated the racial balance in the work force. This decision is also applicable to affirmative action settlements involving women.


nverter can operate with power grid in parallel and can return the electricity generated by photovoltaic array with high power factor to power grid. The paper analyzes and compares several grid-connected current control methods, determines that the current control mode used in the design is improved SPWM current virtual value tracking control technology. And the paper analyzes and studies the transfer functions of key links of the inverter, and gives the derivation process of transfer functions. The control system uses dual-loop structure of inner current loop and outer voltage loop, and proposes the design methods of voltage loop and current loop PI regulator.


Abstract This research is intended to prove and to analyze the influences of service quality, service orientation, and price strategy upon the satisfaction and customer loyalty of executive trains. Data of the research were collected by using questionnaire. Population in this research was the customer of executive trains. The data were analyzed by means of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique assisted by the computer program of Partial Least Square (PLS). The findings obtained from this research are as follow: (1) service quality has influence upon the customer satisfaction of executive trains; (2) service orientation has not influence upon the customer satisfaction of executive trains; (3) price strategy has influence upon the customer satisfaction of executive trains; (4) service quality has not influence upon the customer loyalty of executive trains; (5) service orientation has not influence upon the customer loyalty of executive trains; (6) price strategy has not influence upon the customer loyalty of executive trains; and also (7) customer satisfaction has influence upon the customer loyalty of executive trains. Keyword : service quality, service orientation, price strategy, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty.


Melamine was modified to prepare amino resin liquid solution used for producing polyurea polyols(PHD).The synthesitic principle,process and key factors were studied.Polyurea polyols were determined and characterized by FTIR,NDJ-1viscosimeter,LG10-24 centrifugal machine,TEM and TG etc.


It is generally accepted by economists concerned with merger policy that a monopolist does not have a profit incentive for integrating forward into a competitive industry unless there are cost savings to be gained.' A representative statement of this proposition is as follows. A monopolist of input A, where input B and final product X are produced under purely competitive conditions, has no economic incentive to integrate forward into industry X (in the absence of cost savings of the type described above). The monopolist of A has the ability to extract all the potential profit from industry X by its choice of the price of input A. However, because the underlying theoretical model assumes fixed-proportions production in industry X, an important source of increased profit has been overlooked. Assume that variable-proportions production exists in industry X. Now, the monopolist, by monopolistic pricing, imposes a deadweight loss on industry X by inducing a distortion in factor utilization. In principle, industry X could always benefit by paying the monopolist a lump sum equal to his profit on the condition that it be allowed to buy at marginal cost. Industry X could then use the inputs efficiently and thereby increase its profit. Hence, the vertical merger permits the integrated firm to achieve efficiency in factor utilization and capture the additional profit. The point is shown graphically in figure 1. Suppose that in prenmerger equilibrium the competitive industry produces output X*. For simplicity, we represent he entire industry by isoquant X*. The ratio of the monopoly price of A to the price of B is given by the slope of PP*. The ratio of the marginal cost of A to the price of B is given by MM* (NN* is parallel to MM*). Measuring in units of B, the monop-


The ophthalmology community, and that of pediatric ophthalmology in particular, lost a shining star when Arthur L. Rosenbaum, MD, passed away on June 22, 2010, at the age of 69, after a long and difficult illness. Dr Rosenbaum was the Brindell and Milton Gottlieb Professor of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Vice Chair of the Department of Ophthalmology, and Chief of the Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), School of Medicine where he has been on the staff since 1973. Dr Rosenbaum was the recipient of numerous awards and honors including Lifetime Achievement Awards from both the American Academy of Ophthalmology and the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, and he served as President of that latter organization. He has been a valued member of the Editorial Board of Archives of Ophthalmology since 1995. We want the giants in our field to be multidimensional. We expect them to be outstanding clinicians, inspiring teachers, innovative researchers, and consummate human beings—that is why they are our leaders. Art Rosenbaum was the genuine article. Although he was expert in all aspects of pediatric ophthalmology, he was singularly distinguished as a strabismologist. Few people had his uncanny knack for analyzing and understanding the most complex strabismus problems, formulating a coherent and thoughtful plan, and then executing it. He often commented to me that strabismus can never be approached in a cookbook manner. Each patient presented with a mystery to be solved, and solve them he did. In the operating room, his attention to detail, thoughtful demeanor, and technical skills were qualities to be envied. Justifiably, his practice was characterized by the most complex and challenging patients imaginable, and he was totally dedicated to providing them with the best treatment possible. As a teacher, Art has been described by a UCLA colleague as a maestro in the conference room and lecture hall who taught with excitement and enthusiasm. I have been privileged to participate with Art on numerous panels and courses and have always been amazed by his ability to convey the most complex concepts in easy-to-understand terms. During his stellar career, he authored 210 publications including books edited, book chapters, and peerreviewed articles. Anyone who performs strabismus surgery is deeply indebted to Art Rosenbaum, the creative innovator. He not only has developed countless surgical approaches to the most challenging forms of strabismus but he shared his knowledge about them generously. Since his passing, I have heard many colleagues describe how they called Art for advice and how he gave to them so freely of his time and expertise. A lesser person in his position of prominence could have succumbed to arrogance but Art was ever humble and a gentleman. I have heard Art deliver scientific presentations countless times. He began each and every talk with a verbal acknowledgment of his coauthors and collaborators. He was a warm-hearted and generous man who knew the true value of friendship and community. Art was blessed to have an unbelievably wonderful wife, Sandi; they were true soul mates. She provided unflappable love and support during his illness as well as comfort and joy during their years together. My thoughts and prayers go to Sandi and Art's entire extended family. In her poignant poem, "When Death Comes," Mary Oliver wrote:


n this issue of the Topics in Circuits for Communications Series, we have selected three articles that discuss analog and digital circuits for wireless communications. With the advent of pagers, cellular phones, and wireless LAN, wireless technologies have literally changed our daily lives. Wireless LAN, or Wi-Fi, in particular has seen one of the fastest adoption rates of any consumer technology in history, selling 18 million connections in 2002. It is reasonable to say, now more than ever, that wireless communications will likely play a major role in all of our human signal interfaces, including messaging, voice, data, and video, in the not so distant future. Wireless communication systems have a unique feature: the system architecture involves two parts, the base station and the user station, each with a different set of design considerations. At the base station, performance is the key factor as the base station needs to handle a large number of user stations simultaneously. However, low power and a small form factor are more important design issues at the user station. Interestingly, as shown by three excellent articles in this Series, advanced circuit technologies are sought to address design issues for both the base station as well as the user station. The importance of systems knowledge and specification in the design of communication circuits is also evident in the chosen articles. The first article is "RF CMOS Transceivers for Cellular Telephony" by Prof. Behzad Razavi of UCLA. The article provides a good review of the trends in R F transceiver design in recent years, leading to CMOS as the mainstream technology due to its integration capabilities. The article explains how the weaknesses of the CMOS technology (e.g., higher thermal and flicker noise, speed limitation, and larger device mismatch) are mitigated by different system and circuit design techniques. The article describes the design challenges of the GSM and WCDMA cellular standards, and how the different requirements lead to different system architectures and design choices. Low-IF and direct conversion receiver schemes are described for GSM and WCDMA applications, respectively. Performance metrics of these two designs are quoted from references to illustrate the state of the art. The article also covers CMOS design examples of an A/D converter and a VCO, both of which are key mixed signal components in wireless communication applications. The second article is "Integrated Circuits for Channel Coding in 3G Cellular Mobile Wireless Systems" by Charles Thomas et al. of Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies in Australia. Third-generation (3G) cellular standards make use of turbo codes, which are high-performance error correction codes invented in the 1990s, some 25 years later than other major codes in channel coding. This article addresses two design issues related to turbo code implementation in 3G cellular mobile wireless systems: efficient resource utilization and reuse, and efficient resource scheduling and parallelization. The article describes techniques to effectively reuse functional blocks and memories of the turbo decoder to implement a traditional Viterbi decoder. A unified turbo/Viterbi decoder architecture is developed that achieves 2 Mb/s throughput, or over 100 voice calls simultaneously, in 0.18 pm CMOS technology. Parallelization/scheduling is addressed by the development of a novel radix-4 logMAP operation that can process four times as many trellis stages per cycle. Although high-radix architectures are used in Viterbi decoders, none has been reported for turbo decoders. An approximation with modest degradation in bit error rate performance is used to reduce circuit complexity and improve the throughput of the parallel implementation. It is shown that the parallelism can be used to lower clock frequency and improve energy efficiency. This radix-4 turbo decoder ASIC can achieve 10.8 Mb/s decoding throughput in 0.18 pm CMOS technology. The third article is "Design and Implementation of an All-CMOS 802.11a Wireless LAN Chipset," by Prof. Teresa Meng at Stanford University and her colleagues at Atheros Communications. As mentioned above, wireless LAN is one of the hottest topics today, and there are several variants of 802.11 wireless LAN standards,


In this paper, we present a fault diagnosis approach based on a probabilistic model, more specifically a Bayesian one, while relying on a distributed Multi-Agent Systems paradigm. First, a networked control water system benchmark is introduced, then a Bayesian approach for fault diagnosis is provided where inference and time dependencies between operating modes of systems are tackled. It is suggested that a Multi-Agent System, where entities interact and cooperate in a distributed architecture while expressing subjective knowledge of the system, is relevant regarding fault handling and offers more flexibility in the implementation and data collection.


Few will doubt that the risks associated with innovative engineering development are greater today than they have ever been. Over the last few years risk analysis has become a popular subject with industrial managers, and a number of software packages have emerged. However, the issues involved are not simple and no single method or package provides a complete answer. This two-part series describes the principal analytical methods and their applications.


There is no doubt that consequences of health workforce migration are serious for any developing country. The world's largest health care migrating population is from India. India has a population of 1.38 billion, about 17.7% of the world's population and we, as a nation, are struggling to prepare future-ready health care professionals and our own health professionals' needs are not met. However, large numbers of Indian nurses migrate to developed countries due to numerous factors. Economic factors are considered main force for migration, but not always purely responsible, as nurses look for safety, security, respect, and dignity of their profession. This scoping review is employed to find causes, consequences, and strategies related to international migration of Indian Nurses.


In the context of verification, one is often interested in finding decidable logics to be able to express and then check specifications. Here we study logics on datawords, i.e. words on an infinite alphabet, which can be used to model executions of a program manipulating data. Furthermore, the alphabet comes with a total order. Several logics have been studied in this context, but they often lack the ability to use the total order. In the meanwhile, new kinds of automata have been created in order to work on datawords, such as register automata.