Objective To summarize the clinical experience of central pontine myelin-olysis after liver transplantation. Methods The clinical data of 3 patients diagnosed as having central pontinemyelinolysis following liver transplantation were reviewed. Three patients had obviously preoperativehyponatremia, and the levels of serum sodium were separately 124, 119 and 119 mmol/L. The firstpatient with lock-in syndrome received large dosage of immunog lobulin; The second and the thirdpatients had coma, and the third patients received hyperbaric oxygen treatment. Results The levels ofserum sodium in 3 patients were risen sharply. The first patient had been recovery nearly after 3months, the second patient had been no return in 6 months, and the third patient was died frompulmonary infection. Conclusion Central pontine myelinolysis threatened the patients' life followingliver transplantation seriously.

Key words:
Liver transplantation; Myelinolysis,central pontine


The invention relates to an anti-human VEGF monoclonal antibody and a coding nucleic acid sequence thereof, and especially relates to an anti-human VEGF monoclonal antibody having a high affinity and a low dissociation rate. The preferable anti-human VEGF monoclonal antibody comprises a human Fc region, a framework region, and a human light-chain and/or heavy-chain variable region obtained through molecular evolution. The invention also discloses medicinal compositions composed of the human antibody, an application of the human antibody in human disease treatment, and a method for using the human antibody in the treatment.


Purpose To study the expression of FLI-1 and CD99 in small round cell tumor and to explore the utility of FLI-1 in differentiatial diagnosis of small round cell tumor.Methods 46 cases of small round cell tumor were immunohistochemically detected with FLI-1 and CD99,combined with clinical data and pathology.Results The positive expression rate of FLI-1 was 90.5%(19/21) in Ewing's sarcoma/peripheal primitive neuroectodermal tumor(EWS/PNET),14.3%(1/7) in poorly differentiated synovial sarcomas,22.2%(2/9) in rhabdomyosarcomas,0%(0/5) in esthesioneuroblastomas and 0%(0/4) in mesenchymal chondrosarcomas,respectively.But CD99 expression was 95.0%(20/21) in EWS/PNET,71.4%(5/7) in poorly differentiated synovial sarcomas,66.7%(8/9) in rhabdomyosarcomas,75.0%(3/4) in esthesioneuroblastomas and 60%(3/5) in mesenchymal chondrosarcomas,respectively.The sensitivity and specificity of FLI-1 in EWS/PNET were 90.5% and 88%,but those of CD99 in EWS/PNET were 95.0% and 32%,respectively.The specificity of FLI-1 in EWS/PNET was higher than that of CD99(P0.05).Conclusions Immunohistochemical detection of FLI-1 is valuable in the diagnosis of EWS/PNET,and can be reliably applied to the differential diagnosis of small round cell tumors.


The occurrence of natural disasters and emergencies caused great casualties and property loss to human society,emergency supplies after the disaster influences the effect of rescue activities. This paper expounds the regional disaster system theory and analysis hazard factor, disaster pregnant environment,hazard bearing body from the disaster formation mechanism. Modeling method of the post earthquake emergency supplies of causality diagram and the stock flow diagram by the system dynamics.


In the predominant symbolic approach of AI in the 1970s and early 80s, a description—such as an expert system rule, frame, script, or natural language grammar—was often called a "knowledge representation." Knowledge was viewed as something that could be inventoried. Human memory was modeled as a repository of knowledge representations. Arguments that "there are no knowledge representations in the brain," were then misinterpreted in this community as "throwing the baby out with the bathwater."


Civil engineering structures are constructed for strength, serviceability and durability. The structures thus constructed involve huge investment and labour work. In order to protect the structure from various damages, periodic monitoring of structures is necessary. Hence Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) plays a vital role in diagnosing the state of the structure at every moment during its life period. For this purpose, sensors are deployed in the structures for its efficient health monitoring. Sensors cannot be deployed at random locations of the structure. They have to be located at those points which reflect the damage. In this study, a 3-storey and a 4-storey building are taken and Modal Strain Energy (MSE) is used for finding the initial locations of sensors. The number of sensors obtained is then optimized using Genetic Algorithm (GA) technique. Finally damages are induced in certain locations of the structure and a damage detection technique called as "Flexibility Matrix Based Technique (FMBT)" is introduced for damage localization in the structure.


In the presence of wind turbulence or target movement, the target may exceed the strap-down seeker's confined field-of-view easily. To maintain the seeker's lock-on condition and insure the attacking accuracy, this paper presents a new adaptive switched-phase two-stage integrated guidance law considering real look angle. In the first stage, the field-of-view constrained law based on sliding-mode control is switched on when the look angle exceeds a predefined value, otherwise the pure proportional law dominates the homing process to reduce the overload command. The pure proportional guidance law is switched on in the second stage when the missile's speed is large enough to satisfy the lock-on condition without field-of-view constrained law, which can achieve zero miss distance with terminal command converging to zero, theoretically. Furthermore, the threshold velocity at switching time is derived. A new continuous function is introduced to make the switching smooth and a proportional term is added to the field-of-view constrained law to enhance the system's dynamic response speed. Numerical simulations are conducted to confirm the validity of the proposed law.


Abstract : Because of the high ratio of human error induced to total Naval aviation accidents the U.S. Naval Safety Center, Norfolk, Virginia, in 1965 funded the first of four contracts to study 'human error' under the heading Human Error Research and Analysis Program (HERAP). Data analysts have developed a data bank for records of 17,000 Navy pilots (personal data, training records and individual flight time) and accident data. Statistical techniques were applied to the data in an attempt to find predictive measures for human error accidents. Some success was achieved. Two studies were conducted to provide additional insight into the recognition, measurement, prediction and alleviation of fatigue when defined as 'The degradation in performance or affective state, resulting from previous work.' In the first study two-man crews were monitored continuously for two weeks during high and low work periods in an ASW S-2 simulator. Some indicators were found but longer work periods were needed to insure fatigue. In the second study two-man crews were run through 24 hour cycles of high and low work loads of up to 18 hours duration. Performance decrement was obtained and one measure was sensitive to fatigue.


1 Mullighan CG, Downing JR. Global genomic characterization of acutelymphoblastic leukemia. Semin Hematol 2009; 46: 3–15.2 Pui CH, Carroll WL, Meshinchi S, Arceci RJ. Biology, risk stratification, and therapyof pediatric acute leukemias: an update. J Clin Oncol 2011; 29: 551–565.3 Stanulla M, Schrappe M. Treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Semin Hematol 2009; 46: 52–63.4 Loughran SJ, Kruse EA, Hacking DF, de Graaf CA, Hyland CD, Willson TA et al. Thetranscription factor Erg is essential for definitive hematopoiesis and the functionof adult hematopoietic stem cells. Nat Immunol 2008; 9: 810–819.5 Mullighan CG, Miller CBS, Su X, Radtke I, Dalton J, Song G et al. ERG DeletionsDefine a Novel Subtype of B-Progenitor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Blood(ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts) 2007; 110:691.6 Yeoh EJ, Ross ME, Shurtleff SA, Williams WK, Patel D, Mahfouz R et al.Classification, subtype discovery, and prediction of outcome in pediatric acutelymphoblastic leukemia by gene expression profiling. Cancer Cell 2002; 1:133–143.7 Harvey RC, Mullighan CG, Wang X, Dobbin KK, Davidson GS, Bedrick EJ et al.Identification of novel cluster groups in pediatric high-risk B-precursoracute lymphoblastic leukemia with gene expression profiling: correlation withgenome-wide DNA copy number alterations, clinical characteristics, and outcome.Blood 2010; 116: 4874–4884.8 Zhang J, Mullighan CG, Harvey RC, Wu G, Chen X, Edmonson M et al. Keypathways are frequently mutated in high-risk childhood acute lymphoblasticleukemia: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. Blood 2011; 118:3080–3087.9 Flohr T, Schrauder A, Cazzaniga G, Panzer-Gru¨mayer R, van der Velden V,Fischer S et al. Minimal residual disease-directed risk stratification using real-timequantitative PCR analysis of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor gene rearran-gements in the international multicenter trial AIEOP-BFM ALL 2000 for childhoodacute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2008; 22: 771–782.10 Kox C, Zimmermann M, Stanulla M, Leible S, Schrappe M, Ludwig WD et al. Thefavorable effect of activating NOTCH1 receptor mutations on long-term outcomein T-ALL patients treated on the ALL-BFM 2000 protocol can be separated fromFBXW7 loss of function. Leukemia 2010; 24: 2005–2013.11 Do¨rge P, Meissner B, Zimmermann M, Mo¨ricke A, Schrauder A, Bourquin JP et al.IKZF1 deletion is an independent predictor of outcome in pediatric acutelymphoblastic leukemia treated according to the ALL-BFM 2000 protocol.Haematologica 2013; 98: 428–432.12 Schrappe M, Reiter A, Zimmermann M, Harbott J, Ludwig WD, Henze G et al.Longterm results of four consecutive trials in childhood ALL performedby the ALL-BFM study group from 1981 to 1995. Leukemia 2000; 14: 2205–2222.13 Clappier E, Auclerc MF, Rapion J, Bakkus M, Caye A, Khemiri A et al. ERG intragenicdeletion (ERGdel) characterizes an oncogenic subtype of B-cell precursoracute lymphoblastic leukemia with a favorable outcome despite frequent IKZF1deletion. Leukemia 2013; 28: 70–77.14 Tsuzuki S, Taguchi O, Seto M. Promotion and maintenance of leukemia by ERG.Blood 2011; 117: 3858–3868.15 Uckun FM, Gaynon PS, Sensel MG, Steinherz PG, Trigg ME, Heerema NA et al.Clinical features and treatment outcome of childhood T-lineage acutelymphoblastic leukemia according to the apparent maturational stage ofT-lineage leukemic blasts: a Children's Cancer Group study. JClinOncol1997; 15:2214–2221.


The chapter introduces the concept of policy gadgets that may be expressed as the combined use of computer simulations and social media in policy making. Such a concept is exemplified by providing the description of an Italian campaign on telemedicine, launched by the regional government of Piedmont (IT) in the context of an international research project named PADGETS (www.padgets.eu). Also, some preliminary results are presented, which are very encouraging. The use of such instruments in urban and regional policy making may generate significant advantages in terms of conveying society's inputs to policy makers, by providing them with a set of concise, fresh and relevant data in a cost effective and easily understandable way.


20 vol% titanium nitride ink was prepared, and printed directly by ink jet printing. The effect of the ink characteristics was studied on both printing and forming behaviors. An ink jet printer of the air jet system was employed which could eject high viscosity ink. In order to improve the stability of the ink, poly carboxyl ammonium (PCA) and microcrystalline cellulose (MC) were found to be the proper additives to the suspension. As a result, it was possible to prepare the ink with various characteristics by adding PCA and MC. The control of the ink characteristics was found to be the key concept in adjusting printing ejection and compact characteristics. As the apparent viscosity of the ink increases, the weight of printing ejection decreased, and the thickness of printed compact also thinned.


We prove that the higher direct images $R^qf_*\Omega^p_{\mathcal Y/S}$ of the sheaves of relative K\"ahler differentials are locally free and compatible with arbitrary base change for flat proper families whose fibers have $k$-Du Bois local complete intersection singularities, for $p\leq k$ and all $q\geq 0$, generalizing a result of Du Bois (the case $k=0$). We then propose a definition of $k$-rational singularities extending the definition of rational singularities, and show that, if $X$ is a $k$-rational variety with either isolated or local complete intersection singularities, then $X$ is $k$-Du Bois. As applications, we discuss the behavior of Hodge numbers in families and the unobstructedness of deformations of singular Calabi-Yau varieties. In an appendix, Morihiko Saito proves that, in the case of hypersurface singularities, the $k$-rationality definition proposed here is equivalent to a previously given numerical definition for $k$-rational singularities. As an immediate consequence, it follows that for hypersurface singularities, $k$-Du Bois singularities are $(k-1)$-rational. This statement has recently been proved for all local complete intersection singularities by Chen-Dirks-Musta\c{t}\u{a}.


The estimation of the elasticity of hours to wages relies mostly on laborsupply models although workers choices of hours may be constrained. This article reexaminesthe theoretical meaning of this elasticity accounting for labor demand. To do so, we introducepart-time work characteristics within an on-the-job equilibrium search model framework.Workers receive two types of labor contracts : one corresponding to full-time jobs, and theother to part-time jobs. Utility as a function of wages and the number of weekly workedhours is the criterion workers consider when accepting or rejecting job offers. A firm postspart and full-time job offers as a result of the trade-off between its production level, its wagecosts and the costs of hiring part- and full-time employees. We propose a representation ofthe production function that generates a specific demand for part-time jobs. We prove theexistence of a Nash equilibrium, in which all firms hire both part- and full-time workers.Moreover, after calibrating the structural search model using French individuals and firmsdata, we show that the relationship between hours and wages depends dramatically on thefirm's demand function parameter in this model.


This paper deals with uniqueness of inversion of the nonlinear source term in heat equation with a class of nonlocal boundary of time.Applying unifromly norm estimates,the uniqueness of the heat source term in Hlder space is proved.


In the article we present the results of theoretical and experimental researches of physic-mechanical properties of seeds of vegetable cultures and their interaction with vibrating surfaces of working bodies of sowing devices. The general view of the laboratory installation developed by the authors of the article has been presented


58 Field of Search ..................... 51/317, 318, 2 R, 7, 5/17, 26, 281 R, 16 (56) References Cited U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 3,521,412 7/1970 McCarty ............................... 5 1/2 R 3,753,879 8/1973 Blee .......... ... 204/129.4 4,936,057 6/1990 Rhoades ................................ 5i/37 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS 395.246 1/1974 U.S.S.R. S18326 7/976 U.S.S.R. . Primary Examiner-Robert A. Rose Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Waldron & Associates (57) ABSTRACT Fluid flow through orifices, particularly where flow rates are to be controlled or metered, is improved by employing abrasive flow machining to achieve a target flow resistance in the orifice.


For the first time, we have developed a novel growth technique of Si<inf>1-x</inf>Ge<inf>x</inf> having active boron (B) doping concentration (N<inf>A</inf>) higher than 2×1021 cm-3. We achieve (1) uniform B doping and Ge composition in the epi-growth direction, (2) excellent uniformities in Si<inf>1-x</inf>Ge<inf>x</inf> thickness and resistivity across the entire 300 mm wafer, (3) an ultra-low as-deposited specific contact resistivity (ρ<inf>c</inf>) of 5.1×10-10 Ω-cm2 on the sample with the highest N<inf>A</inf> of 2.5×1021 cm-3, and (4) successful selective growth on the advanced 3D structures with excellent conformality and thickness controllability.


Abstract Proponents of health-maintenance organizations (HMOs) hope that organized health-care delivery systems will solve problems of cost, manpower scarcity, inaccessibility and uneven quality of...


This report describes the strategies that are in place in the EU, Brazil, US and Canada about the nascent Bioeconomy. It also focuses on the comparison of the initiatives taken so far to measure the innovative bio-based industrial sector.


Given the characteristics of fractionated satellite clusters with proximity relative motion, a new on-line collision hazard assessment method based on performance parameters is presented that accounts for the navigation system, the collision-avoidance control capability and the communication performance of each module. Simulation results showed the efficiency resulting from its good adaptability, which benefits from the on-line self-adjusting enveloping solid adapting to different the encounter mode.


The study of time and probability, as two combined dimensions in database systems, has focused on the correct and efficient computation of the probabilities and time intervals. However, there is a lack of analytical information that allows users to understand and tune the probability of time-varying result tuples. In this demonstration, we present TemProRA, a system that focuses on the analysis of the top-k temporal probabilistic results of a query. We propose the Temporal Probabilistic Lineage Tree (TPLT), the Temporal Probabilistic Bubble Chart (TPBC) and the Temporal Probabilistic Column Chart (TPCC): for each output tuple these three tools are created to provide the user with the most important information to systematically modify the time-varying probability of result tuples. The effectiveness and usefulness of TemProRA are demonstrated through queries performed on a dataset created based on data from Migros, the leading Swiss supermarket branch.


Magnetic nanoparticles that are superparamagnetic with high saturation moment have great potential for biomedical applications. Solution-phase syntheses have recently been applied to make various kinds of monodisperse magnetic nanoparticles with standard deviation in diameter of less than 10%. However, the surface of these nanoparticles is coated with a layer of hydrocarbon molecules due to the use of lipid-like carboxylic acid and amine in the syntheses. Surface functionalization leads to the formation of water-soluble nanoparticles that can be further modified with various biomolecules. Such functionalization has brought about several series of monodisperse magnetic nanoparticle systems that have shown promising applications in protein or DNA separation, detection and magnetic resonance imaging contrast enhancement. The goal of this mini review is to summarize the recent progress in the synthesis and surface modification of monodisperse magnetic nanoparticles and their applications in biomedicine. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry


The biotransformation of (−)-bornyl acetate by three Basidiomycetes, Collybia velutipes, Trametes hirsuta and Ganoderma applanatum was monitored for 7 days. The observed reactions were regio- and stereo-selective hydroxylation, acetate hydrolysis and oxidation of alcohols to carbonyl compounds. Nine cyclic compounds, three of which (6-exo-hydroxybornyl acetate, 8-hydroxy-5-exo-hydroxybornyl acetate, 9-hydroxy-5-exo-hydroxybornyl acetate), not previously described, were isolated from the fermentation broth and therefore were identified. Product types and concentrations varied with strain and incubation time. The toxicity of the substrate was assessed from the variation of fungal biomass in the course of incubation. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry


It is certain that digital teaching is conducive to the improvement of teaching quality. As can be seen from the national efforts to promote educational information, today's educational information has entered the 2.0 era, and many teachers and students have enjoyed the convenience brought by educational technology. Information-based teaching can be said to be a part of the process of educational information, which is common in real teaching, especially in online education. The application of educational technology in teaching can not only attract students' attention, activate the atmosphere and inspire students' thinking, but also promote the development of teachers' own specialization and improve the teaching quality and efficiency. Educational technology has inserted wings for teaching to take off, and has brought great convenience to both teachers and students. In this context, this paper discusses the hybrid teaching mode based on the digital teaching resources computer platform.


Gas channeling prevention in cementing has always been a challenge in the oil and gas industry for many years.During the time the cement slurry sets,the effective static pressure in the annulus continuously falls;and when it reaches the formation fluid pressure,the cement′s resistance against the formation gas displacing its liquid is crucial to successful gas channeling prevention in cementing.In view of this,tests were firstly performed on the basis of field conditions with corresponding methods to evaluate the gas channeling prevention of several popular cement additives at present,including film forming polymer,copolymer of AMPS,fluid loss agent of modified cellulose,latex,swelling agent,micro-silicon,etc.The results showed that under different conditions,each additive has distinctive properties in the performance of gas channeling prevention:such performance of the film-forming polymer slurry is favorable at low temperatures but decreases as the temperature rises;the latex cement slurry has a relatively stable performance and the cement can resist against annular flow if effective of latex is added in accordance with the conditions.After the latex cement slurry was applied in over 150wells of many gas fields in the Sichuan Basin,the southern block of the Sulige Gas Field,the Lukqun Block in the Tuha Oilfield,the Jiudong area of the Yumen Oilfield,etc.,the cementing operations were all successfully fulfilled with a satisfying performance of gas channeling prevention.


In this paper, a novel method for measuring the relative pose of the triangular feature with unknown size is proposed by introducing line structured light. Firstly, the coordinate system model is established, and the relative relationship between each coordinate system is given; Secondly, by using the isosceles property of the triangular bracket and the line structured light constraint, three vertices' coordinates of the triangular feature and two intersection points between line structured light and the triangular feature are calculated in the camera coordinates; Then, the transfer matrix between the camera coordinate system and the world coordinate system is calculated by using the five feature points, and the transfer matrix is decomposed to obtain the relative position and attitude of the triangle feature plane; Finally, the mathematical simulation model is established and the measurement error factors are analyzed. Simulation results show that the proposed method is effective and feasible.


The visual tendency in contemporary Chinese painting creation appears in the background that contemporary visual culture,with image as the main body,spreads all over the globe.This visual tendency takes modern western visual art as the reference and tries to reform Chinese painting,which is based on traditional philosophical culture,into a visual form which can have direct dialogue with western visual arts.There is a symbiotic relationship between Chinese painting and western painting and their respective philosophical culture.Blind imitation of others will surely do harm to the unique system of Chinese painting.We should firmly grasp the unique visual form core of Chinese painting,that is,image aesthetics,take in artistic nutrition from other nations,and lay a sound foundation for the innovation of Chinese painting creation on the traditional basis.


High pressure resistivity measurements reveal a very large decrease of the superconducting transition temperature of (TMTSF)2PF 6 with pressure. It is difficult to explain this phenomenon with current theories of narrow band superconductors. An explanation in terms of the soft mode of the low pressure metal to insulator transition is proposed.


This paper presents the stability analysis of a class of nonlinear time-varying delay systems with parameter uncertainty, through extended Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy modeling. The delay-dependent stability and robust stability criterions are presented using delay decomposition approach, in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The time-varying delay is assumed to be bounded and continuous need not be differentiable. Simulation results are discussed to show the efficiency of the technique and compared the maximum allowable upper bound (MAUB) with literature.


In the article the problems of micro-enterprises (1-5 persons) and 8 small companies, which deal with selling retail and they must adapt to changes in 9 the environment, which are caused by the large number of newly created large10 format stores are presented. The paper shows how to use selected quality tools to 11 define new business strategy for micro-enterprise and reorganization of the 12 company. 13


Aiming at the situation that angular sampling rate of aircraft is much higher than the rate of aircraft navigation data sampling,in order to make full use of angular measurements,a method of improving the aerial mobile platform passive location's precision is presented up,which uses high-frequency angular measurements.Before the data time registration,using linear slippage smoothness to smooth angular measurements,eliminating the random noise of angular measurements,so the location's precision and stability get improved.Experimental results show the effectiveness of this method,the method has a certain significance on the engineering practice of target tracking.


necessity of providing some ritual of inclusion, its efficacy, and the balance between unity and purity. He also provides a superb chapter on the unity of the episcopacy in which he makes clearer than any other author the relationships between various versions of De unitate ecclesiae. The prose is dense but carefully argued with copious references to the works of Cyprian. Reinforcements of key points keep the novice reader from losing the forest for the trees. There is very little reference to arguments of others save for the redating of one of Cyprian's letters (against Clarke). This study is well focused, but it sheds light outside the patristic period. Ecclesiologists and ecumenists should read it, as well as those interested in the dynamics of church communities. It would be especially helpful for those trying to make sense of Vatican overtures to traditionalist schismatics. The volume is recommended for both academics and persons in pastoral ministry, including seminarians and graduate students. Maureen A. Tilley, University of Dayton


Were studied the results of surgical treatment of 69 patients with uncomplicated infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm between 1998 and 2011. Acute circulatory disorders of the left half of the colon with gangrene of the intestine and peritonitis in the early postoperative period was occurred in two cases, reimplantation of the inferior mesenteric artery (NBA) was made in two patients, chronic ischemic colitis in the late period was detected in 12 of 40 examined patients. The complex of measures for the prevention of ischemia of the left half of the colon at resection of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms can prevent the development of ischemic complications.


Given an integer λ 6= 2, we establish the general solution of an alternative functional equation of Jensen type on certain groups. First, we give a criterion for the existence of the general solution for the functional equation f (x y−1)−2 f (x)+ f (x y) = 0 or f (x y−1)−λ f (x)+ f (x y) = 0, where f is a mapping from a group (G, ·) to a uniquely divisible abelian group (H,+). Then we show that, for λ / ∈ {0,−1,−2}, the above alternative functional equation is equivalent to the classical Jensen's functional equation. We also find the general solution in the case when G is a cyclic group and λ 6= 2 is an integer.


Amino acids are small organic molecules having both amino and carboxylic acid groups bound to the α-carbon, with a general formula NH2-CH(R)-COOH. Their side chains, R, can vary – saml our bulky, hidrophobic our hydrophilic, polar, charged or neutral. If the α-carbon is bound to four different chemical groups, the amino acid is chiral and two isomers exist labeled with L our D. Furthermore, the parameters characterizing the motions of amino acids in crystal can be comparable with those describing this dynamics in biopolymers. Therefore, possessing information on the strusture and dynamics of single amino acids is important in biochemistry, biophysics, medicine and pharmacy. The structure and dynamics of crystalline amino acids can be followed in a wide temperature and pressure range by diffraction and various spectroscopic techniques and the results can be interpreted, giving the characteristic times of selected motions and the values of related energy barriers.


An ultra-high Li+ transference number of 0.92 and an ionic conductivity of 0.85 mS cm−1 at room temperature are achieved by using anion-anchoring α-LiAlO2@γ-Al2O3 nanosheets as fillers in PVDF-based electrolytes.


Visual symptoms and educational or behavioural difficulties, as well as the more widely recognised intracranial pressure and motor dysfunction, are important in the diagnosis of brain tumours in children.


rather than at gunpoint, might agree that over the long run a contract defense of duress would be a good thing for them. So long as there is no disagreement as to the values or moral vision on which to act, the decision maker is not acting paternalistically. Some issues that have often been addressed with paternalist motives are the legality of the possession of prohibited substances; whether there should be required terms in various types of contracts, such as marriage or consumer sales contracts; and the extent to which infants, idiots and seamen are subject to the same contract regime as "normal" people. As in the case of distributive motives, each of these issues can be resolved through the application of tests that do not involve paternalism. One might try to settle each by appeal to distributive considerations, as well as by appeal to fairness, morality, or rights. 3. Efficiency Motives A decision maker acting from efficiency motives accepts the rules of the previous regime as legitimate from the [VOL. 41 MOTIVES IN CONTRACT AND TORT LAW point of view of fairness, morality, rights, distribution or whatever. His goal is to modify one of these rules so as to make everyone affected better off, by their own criteria of better-offness, than they would have been under the old dispensation. This will be possible where transaction costs of one kind or another have prevented parties under the previous regime from making an exchange. If the decision maker knows that this exchange would have occurred, he may be able to induce the parties to perform it by the right modification of the background rules. Some examples of issues that decision makers often approach with efficiency motives are: whether there should be nondisclaimable warranties attached to consumer goods in circumstances where consumers can't cheaply acquire information that would allow them to assess product safety, and sellers have incentives not to provide this information; what should be the rules of damages for breach of contract; whether sports arenas should be liable for damage inflicted by one fan on another. Of course, each of these issues can be approached with quite different motives, or with a set of motives that lead to conflicting


Constructivism is named as the post-epistemology,whose thoughts can date back to ancient Greek.The epistemol-ogy thoughts of the authors,Vico,Kant,Piaget,Vygotsky and Kuhn are the foundation of constructivism.They all addressed the people's activity in cognition and some pre-structure exists as the conditions of cognition.They also have some basic differences.


The article deals with modern forms of land activities offered by Russian law. Analyzed the pros and cons of legislative innovations. Conclusions about the need to amend regulations governing the inventory activity. The suggestions for changes to the base for cadastral engineers Federal Law «On State Real Estate Cadastre».


If a negligent physical act causes an injury, the tort-feasor, absent a defense of contributory negligence, is usually liable. If, however, that same injury is the result of some form of speech,1 the First Amendment could conceivably insulate the tort-feasor from liability.' Two recent state supreme court decisions' have barred recovery in such tort actions because the defendants' actions were deemed protected speech. By adopting the strict "incitement" standard of Brandenburg v. Ohio4 in one case,5 and the closely related "clear and present danger" test6 in the other, ' these courts have required a plaintiff to bear a heavy burden in proving culpable negligence. This Note argues that the First Amendment should not impose so great a bar to recovery, and that the authors and publishers of nonlibelous negligent statements' should be held liable in tort for the physical harm proximately caused by such statements. 9 Instead of relying upon indeterminate


The research of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) nowadays is focus on 5-HT and its receptor 5-HT3R,5-HT4R,the electrophysiology of CNS and ENS. 5-HT and its receptor 5-HT3R, 5-HT4R directly or indirectly impact on the function of bowel motility and endocrine secretion through CNS and ENS,which result in the abnormal CNS evoked potential and bowel electric activity,all of these CNS and ENS abnormal function lead to the change of bowel sensitivity and motility in IBS.


Production enterprises must constantly investigate variations in set goals while maintaining competitiveness. In recent times, there has been an explosion in the number of enterprises going into the production of water in Nigeria. Even multinational organizations have joined the market. Empirical evidence shows that in the past, retailers of sachet water were able to achieve ROI of 60%, while the real producers struggled to be sustainable. In this study, the relative efficiencies of four (4) water-producing companies (Decision Making Units (DMUs)) were evaluated over six months. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models were formulated based on six inputs and two outputs. The inputs included data on labour, machines, borehole, water, holding tanks, and cost of production while the outputs were the number of sachets and bottled water produced. The efficient producers were identified, and potential improvements were suggested for those not as competitive. Further analysis showed that some of the DMUs could have produced 45.7% more bottled water using lesser inputs. The models should prove useful as effective decision support for improving competitiveness.


Here we report a new technique to detect the position of cells/particles using impedance spectroscopy in microchannels by applying a gradual capacitance in a parallel electrode array. With this technique, both the 2D position and the dielectric properties of the particles can be measured. For validation, a microfluidic chip with a gradual capacitance was fabricated experimentally demonstrating its feasibility.


Foreign direct investment (FDI) takes place when a corporation in one country establishes a business operation in another country, through setting up a new wholly owned affiliate, or acquiring a local company, or forming a joint venture in the host economy. This article provides an overview of FDI in developed countries; an assessment of strategic motivations for FDI; a look at multinational corporate operations and the benefits of FDI; an analysis of the impact of trade-and-FDI on wage disparities at home; an investigation of outward FDI and runaway plants; a framework for judging when foreign acquisitions of national companies might pose a credible threat to national security; and a final summing-up. This article is a companion to "Foreign direct investment and development".


e22228 Background: Compared with males, female NSCLC patients represented more frequent EGFR mutations. Despite the difference in smoking history, an association between female hormones and EGFR mu...


This paper presents a multilevel variance component analysis of data from the pilot year of pretesting of an educational test. The multilevel nature of the data is induced by the clustering of students within colleges and by having multivariate observations (scores) on students. The presence of a multidimensional trait underlying the scores is formulated as a hypothesis about the full rank of a variance matrix.


Background The COVID-19 pandemic has asked unprecedented questions of governments around the world. Policy responses have disrupted usual patterns of movement in society, locally and globally, with resultant impacts on national economies and human well-being. These interventions have primarily centred on enforcing lockdowns and introducing social distancing recommendations, leading to questions of trust and competency around the role of institutions and the administrative apparatus of state. This study demonstrates the unequal societal impacts in population movement during a national 'lockdown'. Methods We use nationwide mobile phone movement data to quantify the effect of an enforced lockdown on population mobility by neighbourhood deprivation using an ecological study design. We then derive a mobility index using anonymised aggregated population counts for each neighbourhood (2253 Census Statistical Areas; mean population n=2086) of national hourly mobile phone location data (7.45 million records, 1 March 2020–20 July 2020) for New Zealand (NZ). Results Curtailing movement has highlighted and exacerbated underlying social and spatial inequalities. Our analysis reveals the unequal movements during 'lockdown' by neighbourhood socioeconomic status in NZ. Conclusion In understanding inequalities in neighbourhood movements, we are contributing critical new evidence to the policy debate about the impact(s) and efficacy of national, regional or local lockdowns which have sparked such controversy.


In this article, the authors lead a case from practice. Given the clinical and hormonal characteristics, as well as specific changes according to MRI, the diagnosis of "congenital hypopituitarism" did not cause doubt. After the purpose of the chorionic gonadotropin of 1500 units 2 times a week for 2 months, there was a positive dynamics from the genital organs.


Some people hate to admit their age as they grow older. Something analogous can be said about Harbin, capital of the province of Heilongjiang in North-East China, which will apparently not commemorate its birthday in 1998. In any case, this is what the Beijing government has decided recently by denying Heilongjiang University, located in the southern suburbs of Harbin, the right to hold an international conference devoted to the history of this city in June 1998. Such a decision is of course unfortunate, like any decision curtailing the right to speak. As one of the organizers of the forbidden conference, I would like to respond by exploring some of the local, national and international implications of the contested "centennial." These implications have something to do with the notion of space, place-based identity and with history writing in the era of globalization. For most historians outside of China, Harbin's existence starts with the construction on 9 June 1898 of the Chinese Eastern Railway (CER), linking the Transbaikalian Railway (a section of the Transsiberian) across Manchuria to Vladivostok, with an additional southern leg to Dalian (Dalny, Dairen) and Liida (Port-Arthur). Starting as a colonial railway hub, financed and administered by the Russians, Harbin became not only the most important economic and strategic centre in North-East Asia during the first decades of the 20th century, but also the object of competing interests opposing a fragmented China, the Russian (and after 1917 the Soviet) empire, Japan and various other colonial powers. It gave birth, as one historian put it, to "the only complete multi-class European community which has ever existed in Southern or East Asia, or indeed in any part of Asia since the fall of Byzantium, outside the present bounds of the [post] Soviet State."' Indeed, from 1898 to 1945, Harbin's population was not limited to the "Russians in Manchuria." Chinese, Japanese, Koreans, Jews, French, Germans, Poles, Ukrainians, Armenians, Tatars and many other nationalities contributed, together with the Russians (6migr6s and Soviet citizens alike), to the social, economic and cultural life of the city and numerous settlements along the CER. There were banking institutions, schools and institutes of higher education, newspapers, journals, publishing houses, cultural, scholarly and religious organizations. The "international" Harbin declined when it became part of the Japanese-dominated puppet state of Manzhouguo during the 1930s.


Peroxide and aqueous peroxide solutions of alkali metal fluorides, nitrates, and perchlorates, and the hexafluoro-complexes of scandium (III), gallium (III), and indium (III), have been studied by 19 F, 133 Cs, 45 Sc, 71 Ga, and 115 In nuclear magnetic resonance. The observed dependence of the 19 F and 133 Cs chemical shifts on concentration, temperature, and the type of cation has been analysed


Hospital pharmacy computer network management is an important part of hospital management information system (HMIS). The two network systems usually adopt 3+ Ethernet and Novell Ethernet, the latter is more widely used than the former. The systematic structure of HMIS is now mainly composed of microcomputer network and file service system. Traditional database systems, such as dBase, Foxbase and FoxPro, are too small to meet the needs of the more complicated HMIS, while large database systems, such as MsSQL Server, are enterprise relational database systems which can easily do network computations. So the future of hospital pharmacy computer network is the large database systems.


Human activities have become a major source of environmental pollution especially on the issue of water pollution which includes surface and ground water. This research was aimed at studying the effect of human activities such as indiscriminate defecation, fermentation of cassava tubers etc on the water quality of Onuakpaka stream and selected ground water in Ogwuama community of  Ahiazu, Imo State, Nigeria. Water samples were collected in triplicates each with sterile containers  from upstream, downstream and ground water. All the samples were analyzed using standard method. The result showed that the pH of samples collected from the upstream and downstream were more acidic (5.70 and 5.90 respectively) than the ground water (6.06). Also, the upstream and downstream have high turbidity of 14.76 and 15.40 respectively. More also, dissolved oxygen in the stream samples were below the World Health Organization and Federal Ministry of   Environment standards while the ground water samples were within the standard. Also there were presence of feacal counts and Escherichia coli in all the samples collected (8.00 in ground water, 13.00 in the upstream and 23.00 downstream) this may be due to indiscriminate defecation. Furthermore, the temperature, conductivity, total dissolved oxygen etc were within the standard in all the samples collected. Conclusively, the presence of feacal contaminant and Escherichia coli signifies that the water is highly polluted and unfit for drinking and domestic work. This posses a great danger to human health in this community. Keywords: contamination, anthropogenic, upstream, downstream, ground water.


Fibre-reinforced concrete (FRC) has been used in numerous types of precast elements around the world, as has been shown that reductions in production costs and time can be obtained; however, there is little experience of this material in Uruguay. Therefore, our study analysed the feasibility of its utilisation in this country. This paper reports on the development of a simple analysis model that is useful for the design of FRC precast elements. The model efficiency was evaluated through its application to a practical case study—vertical precast concrete sandwich panel systems tested by bending. Three different types of reinforcement were analysed: synthetic fibres, metal fibres, and steel mesh. With the developed model, the cost-efficiency of different panel geometries and amounts of reinforcement were evaluated. The model allowed consideration of the contribution of the fibres to withstand internal tensile forces of the panels and therefore be able to substitute for the steel mesh in the panel wythes. It was found that it was possible to optimise panel reinforcement and geometry, thereby reducing wythe thickness. Besides the reduction in production time, it was possible to achieve cost savings of up to 10% by replacing steel mesh with fibres and of more than 20% if the geometry was also modified.


The present investigation was conducted to identify Candida dubliniensis, from respiratory specimens, recovered from HIV‐negative patients. Over a 7‐month period, 75 germ tube and chlamydospore‐positive yeasts were screened for C. dubliniensis, using a variety of phenotypic characteristics. Their identification was based on sugar assimilation reactions using API 20 C Aux. A total of seven (9%) isolates recovered from sputum, bronchial lavage and nasopharyngeal aspirate were identified as C. dubliniensis. All the isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B. One isolate each showed resistance to fluconazole and ketoconazole, and two were resistant to itraconazole. A significantly high percentage (43%) of C. dubliniensis showed resistance to flucytosine.


The effect of height of a trip and its location on the transition of boundary layer on a cylinder is studied using large eddy simulations for [Formula: see text]. The Reynolds number, Re, is based on the free stream speed and diameter of the cylinder ( D). Two modes of transition are observed: (a) natural, for a relatively small trip of height [Formula: see text], via formation of a laminar separation bubble (LSB) and (b) direct, for a large trip of height [Formula: see text], wherein the formation of LSB is bypassed and the trip disturbs the flow enough to cause separation of the boundary layer and its subsequent turbulent reattachment. Transition delays the final separation leading to a very significant reduction in drag, often referred to as drag crisis. The delay is more for natural as compared to direct transition. Consequently, the drag at the end of crisis is lower for natural transition. The 1.0% trip at [Formula: see text] leads to a more delayed flow separation than one at [Formula: see text] from the front stagnation point. The drag crisis takes place in two stages for a cylinder with trip. During each of the two stages, asymmetric transition on the two sides results in generation of circulation and lift force. The effect of trip is felt even by the non-trip side. The cylinder experiences a relatively large "reverse lift" during the second stage of drag crisis. While natural transition is accompanied by intermittency of LSB, direct transition is associated with intermittency in laminar vs turbulent attachment of the flow following its separation at the trip.


A large research effort is currently being aimed at finding reliable measures of paranormal beliefs/experiences and psi-abilities. This article reviews how the use of psychometric instruments for this purpose is steered to a large extent by the underlying model or ideology concerning what psychic experiences are. The review updates previous reviews of instruments used in research on paranormal beliefs/experiences (Irwin, 1993) and in forced-choice ESP-studies (Lawrence, 1993) and also supplements these with a review of instruments applied in free-response ESP-studies. Altogether 147 studies published between 1993 and 1999 were retrieved and these were found to have used a total of 149 different questionnaires, tests, and sets of items. However, of these various psychometric instruments, only 43 claimed to measure paranormal beliefs/experiences and the remaining related to other areas of psychological functioning. The trend noted in a previous review (Irwin, 1993) of focusing on the possible dysfunctional aspects of psychic experiences (e. g. lack of critical thinking ability and proneness to psychosis) has continued unabated in recent years. Amongst the belief scales, The Paranormal Belief Scale (Tobacyk & Milford, 1983) is the most widely used instrument. It is also a popular instrument applied in forced-choice ESP-studies although it has not as yet been used in free-response ESP-studies. The Australian Sheep-Goat Scale (Thalbourne & Haraldsson, 1980) continues to be one of the most accepted instruments in research on ESP, and is one of the few instruments used in all areas of the research reviewed here.


The article raises two questions: why do sociologists in Western Europe hold expectations of theoretical innovations in sociology in (post-)transitional Eastern European countries, and why is it that sociologists from Eastern Europe do not meet these expectations. The assumption is that these expectations are primarily a response to the theoretical crisis of modern sociology itself, rather than the effect of its knowledge of changes in transitional countries or its willingness to really listen to sociologists from those countries and accept them as equal partners. The attempt to answer the second question involves an analysis of the multilayered reality of sociology in post-socialism, including the loss of the socialist and civil-society utopias which have been replaced by pragmatic endeavors to re-establish a market society and its institutions. Despite the differences between the social situations in the East and West, today's "Eastern" and "Western" social scientists are confronted by similar global problems and challenges. While the present crisis of the capitalist economy and neo-liberalism certainly has its structural causes, what needs to be questioned here are the very assumptions underlying the world order and the key mechanisms of its functioning.


Several sections has been studied across the Murcia Region in arder to select a suitable section in Spain that could be a good candidate to define the Ypresian/Lutetian boundary stratotype. The sections of Casa Carreno, Quipar and Fortuna contain sediments along the Ypresian/Lutetian transition, being the Fortuna section the most suitable, mainly because it is a complete marine section, well exposed and very rich in planktic microfossils. The following planktic foraminifera biozones and subzones has been identified: Acarinina pentacamerata Biozone, with Subbotina boweri Subzone, and Truncorotaloides praetopilensis Subzone (Ypresian, Early Eocene), Hantkenina nuttalli Biozone, with Hantkenina nuttalli Subzone, Clogigerapsis subconglobata Subzone, and Clobigerapsis kugleri Biozone (Lutetian, Middle Eocene)


Early Neolithic settlements in southwestern Iberia are rare and, so far, only a few faunal assemblages, mostly from Portuguese Estremadura, have been analysed. The zooarchae- ological studies suggest that animal husbandry was introduced to the area by Neolithic marine settlers originating from the Mediterranean and that domesticated animal herding, particularly sheep, was of outmost importance to the human communities. Located in lower Estremadura, Carrascal is an open-air site, featuring several dwelling structures, a diversified set of artefacts, and a well-established chronology for its Early Neolithic occupation (cal BC). It also yielded a faunal assemblage of considerable size and variability, which includes vertebrates (mammals and fishes) and invertebrates (molluscs). The present study, which focuses on the vertebrate materials, shows that during Early Neolithic the community that inhabited Carrascal practiced a diversified set of subsistence activities in which animal husbandry was prevalent. There is an abundance of caprines (mainly sheep) and swine, followed by cattle. The age at death data suggests a mixed animal exploitation system, with swine being mostly killed at a younger age (presumably for meat), while cattle was slaughtered after reaching adulthood (perhaps for milk production) and caprines show a mixed pattern. This study also reinforces the idea that, for the Neolithic communities living in lower Estremadura, hunting was a less prevailing activity (au- rochs and, perhaps, wild boar were identified, but red deer is absent in Carrascal) when compared with the human groups that lived in the central Estremadura Limestone Massif, a situation that may be due to different ecosystems and human demography.


Is disclosed a method for wireless communication, the method comprising the step, and the step of detecting during transmission of the preamble from among one of the other of the preamble of the preamble an acknowledgment for the preamble for transmitting a plurality of preambles . An apparatus for performing the method are also disclosed.


Klippel Trenaunay Syndrome (KTS) is a rare congenital disease characterized by a triad of extensive cutaneous haemangiomas, venous varicosities and soft tissue or bone hypertrophy affecting a leg and/or arm on one side. The aetiology of KTS is most likely the result of a somatic mosaicism: a postzygotic mutation that only affect a subset of the cells within the body. Hence KTS is generally considered to be a non-hereditary disease. The complications are mostly due to vascular abnormalities that results in venous insufficiency, thrombophlebitis, cellulitis, limb disparity and thromboembolic disease. Vascular malformations arise as a result of erroneous vascular development which may be present as capillary malformations (port wine stains), venous malformations, lymphatic malformations and arteriovenous malformations. The disturbed growth in KTS includes limb hypertrophy. Both the disturbed growth and vascular malformation affect the extremities but vascular malformations can involve larger area of the body and extend to the trunk and pelvic regions. Pregnancy in these patients can exacerbate the complication such as postpartum haemorrhage (vascular anomalies in pelvic area) and thromboembolism (low flow state combined with physiologic prothrombotic changes). Most commonly seen in association with haemangiomas, Kasabach Merritt Syndrome is defined by the presence of ABSTRACT


In November 1995 the Highways Agency published the August 1994 amendments to the Specification for Highway Works. A significant amendment which incorporates a complete re-write is Series 1600 on Piling and Embedded Retaining Walls, previously called Piling and Diaphragm Walling. The Agency has based this series on the Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) Specification for Piling (1988) with modifications and the draft Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) Specification for cast-in-situ retaining walls with modifications. The series has eighteen clauses, of which ten are new. All of the previous clauses that have been retained have been retitled and considerably amended, retaining little if any of their previous text. The new series includes new clauses to specify secant pile walls, continuous flight auger piles and king post walls. Testing warrants individual clauses and the previous clause 'Proof loading of piles' has been replaced by 'Non-destructive methods for testing piles' and 'Static load testing of piles'. In addition there are new clauses to specify 'Integrity testing of wall elements' and 'Instrumentation of piles and embedded walls'.


The objective of this study was to determine changes in N dynamics in an Orthic Black Chernozem as a result of two tillage practices (conventional and zero tillage) using the variations in the natural 15N abundance of different soil-N fractions. After 14 yr, no significant differences in isotope composition of total soil-N between the two tillage practices could be found. However, changes were detected in the natural 15N abundance of the acid-hydrolyzable N and various organo-mineral size fractions which led to useful comparisons of the nature of N under the two systems. The N-content of the hydrolyzable-N fraction was similar at the 0- to 4- and 8- to 16-cm depth under both tillage practices, while it was significantly different at the 4- to 8-cm depth. The δa15N of this fraction was consistently higher than that of total soil N at all depths only under zero tillage. This was associated with the presence of more labile N compounds under zero tillage. No differences in the isotopic composition of the orga...


In this paper, surface galling failure process and mechanism of drill pipe's rotary shouldered thread connection (RSTC) was studied by means of full-scale make-up and break-out (M&B) testing. The results showed that surface galling damage mainly appearred at the positions of leading flank, bearing flank and make-up shoulder of RSTC. The galling damage of three different positions was a process of mutual independence and mutual promotion, and they might appear simultaneously, and also appear at different stage. The surface galling failure was mainly due to metal's plastic deformation and peeling off under the effect of compressive stress caused by friction and compression effect among the contacting metal surface. During M&B testing, deformed and peeling metal accumulated continually and resulted in "cold welding" at local position. In the subsequent M&B process, "cold welding" metal was torn open and peeled off from metal matrix, and metal surface galling was getting serious gradually. M&B testing results showed that torque load and thread compound had decisive influence on surface galling damage, while the influence of RSTC's surface wear, rearranging, torque fluctuations and tensile load was not obvious.


This paper proposes a new spectral/spatial code for Spectral Amplitude Coding in Optical Coding Division Multiple Access (SAC-OCDMA) called two-Dimensional hybrid ZCC/MD code. The new code combines two of the one –dimensional codes which are Zero Cross Correlation (1D ZCC) and Multi-Diagonal code (1D MD). Moreover, it produces a zero cross correlation property for each code. The main goal of this proposed code is to mitigate Phase Induced Intensity Noise and eliminate Multiple Access Interference (MAI). This proposed code can provide a better performance comparing to other codes as 2D FCC/MDW and 2D DPDC according to the obtained numerical analysis.


the presencein tropical Australia and its dependenciesof a considerablenumberof varying species of mites. 2. During the course of this investigation two cases ofinfestation by Liponyssusbursa (Berlese) came to thenotice of the writer. So far as can be learned,thesecases whichare here recordedare the first reported from these areas, thongh doubtless by no meansthe first seen. 3. The possibility of the presenceof mite-borne diseasesin tropical Australia suggeststhat a study of the local mites would be desirableand possibly important.


Collective results from the SAKURA phase 3 clinical trial program investigating daxibotulinumtoxinA for injection for the treatment of moderate-to-severe glabellar lines show that the neuromodulator provides generally safe and long-lasting results.


We motivate and present a definition of an embodied, grounded individual sensorimotor interaction history, which captures the time-extended behavior characteristics of humans and many animals. We present an architecture that connects temporally extended individual experience with capacity for action, whereby a robot can develop over ontogeny through interaction. Central to this is an information theoretic metric space of sensorimotor experience, which is dynamically constructed and reconstructed as the robot acts. We present results of robotic experiments that establish the predictive efficacy of the space and we show the robot developing the capacity to play the simple interaction game "peekaboo." A quantitative investigation of the appropriate horizon length of experience for the game reveals the relationship between the length of experience and the cycle time of interaction, and suggests the importance of multiple, and possibly self-adaptive, horizon lengths.


Between 1919 and 1934, as members of China's Guomindang (Nationalist Party) struggled to take control of and transform the country, they increasingly appropriated language and symbols associated with the fallen Qing Dynasty. At the same time, these were accompanied in party discourse by radical appeals that included strong critiques of China's past. In this they were far from unique: studies of nationalisms around the world have found them to combine appeals to the new and the old. Yet in China this combination incited particular controversy, as Guomindang members and others, wrestling with the cultural legacy of the empire, put forward powerfully radical critiques not only of the culture of the past but also of traditionalist appeals to it. The result was distinctive textual practices I term 'revolutionary traditionalism', which appropriated cultural elements of the imperial orthodoxy while reconciling these appropriations with radical language. Yet this revolutionary traditionalism could not unproblematically form a unified modern nationalist orthodoxy. Radical and traditionalist positions in regard to culture recurred through power struggles within and beyond the party. Through these struggles, by the end of the 1920s revolutionary traditionalism came to characterise the new Nationalist Government formed by Guomindang members in Nanjing. While like other nationalists Guomindang members reinvented the language and symbols to which they appealed, however, the case of Confucius shows that they could not unilaterally control these reinterpretations. The central place of Confucius in national culture was established through a process of negotiation, as groups identifying themselves as 'Confucian' petitioned the state, appropriating its own traditionalist discourse, for recognition and commemoration. Yet these Confucians, pursuing their own often religious agendas, also cast doubt on the authenticity of the state's commitment. Revolutionary traditionalism thus remained unstable, repeatedly challenged both from radical and traditionalist positions.


The Expression of English multiple is not only complicated,but also multiplex.People who speak English as their native language sometimes feel quite confused about the complicated forms of expression.Even some scholars often disagree with each other about how to understand an expression of English multiple or how to translate it properly into Chinese.The author finds,after making a careful and intensive research,that English multiple has its own characteristics though it has a lot of forms of expression.In this essay,the author is trying to make a discrimination in some common ways of English multiple expression and in an attempt to raise a discussion on how to translate an English multiple,especially the expression of "n times + comparative degree",into a Chinese one.


A study was undertaken to explore the feasibility of treatment of clinical cases of filariasis by the Village Health Guides (VHG) and to assess the impact of different dose schedules by Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) on the frequency of acute attacks. It was observed that six days treatment with DEC at a dose of 500 mg daily was the most effective regimen in controlling recurrence of filarial attacks. The VHGs can serve the community in treating filarial cases with DEC.


Sunlight exposure, with its accompanying ultraviolet radiation, are the leading causes of various skin conditions including erythema, hyperpigmentation, photoaging, immunosuppression and cutaneous carcinogenesis. This paper results from a review by a group of photoprotection specialists who, by means if the Delphi questionnaire, identified current controversies on the subject and issued clinical recommendations for photoprotection in Mexico.


Due to the effect of multi-path fading channels,inter-symbol interference will be generated in the receipt signal,and this will lead to the inefficiency of delay-multiply which can be used to estimate the symbol rate. Aiming at this problem,this paper presents a robust blind symbol rate estimation algorithm in the multipath fading channels. The received signal is firstly processed by blind equalization using modified constant modulus algorithm to remove the inter-symbol interference,and then the symbol rate can be obtained successfully by delay-multiply approach. The new scheme rarely depends on any channel state information,so it shows an excellent efficiency in the signal detection domain. Computer simulations show that the new algorithm can effectively eliminate inter-symbol interference,has greatly improved the detection success rate of the symbol rate,and it is dramatically robust as well.


This paper presents the situation of Wushi's river gate of Puning City and the reinforcement design plan for energy dissipaters of river gate.It also analyses the design problem concerning the reinforcement of energy dissipaters on the basis of theory and hydraulic experiment.


We present the discovery of rapid photometric variability in three ultra-cool dwarfs from long-duration monitoring with the Spitzer Space Telescope. The T7, L3.5, and L8 dwarfs have the shortest photometric periods known to date: hr, hr, and hr, respectively. We confirm the rapid rotation through moderate-resolution infrared spectroscopy, which reveals projected rotational velocities between 79 and 104 km s−1. We compare the near-infrared spectra to photospheric models to determine the objects' fundamental parameters and radial velocities. We find that the equatorial rotational velocities for all three objects are ≳100 km s−1. The three L and T dwarfs reported here are the most rapidly spinning and likely the most oblate field ultra-cool dwarfs known to date. Correspondingly, all three are excellent candidates for seeking auroral radio emission and net optical/infrared polarization. As of this writing, 78 L-, T-, and Y-dwarf rotation periods have now been measured. The clustering of the shortest rotation periods near 1 hr suggests that brown dwarfs are unlikely to spin much faster.


Functional verification of modern complex processors is a formidable and time consuming task. In spite of substantial manual effort, it is extremely difficult to systematically cover the corner cases of the control logic design, within a short processor design cycle. The SH4 processor is a dual issue superscalar RISC architecture with extensive hardware support for 3D graphics. We present the development of a semi automated methodology for functional verification. In particular, we elaborate a scheme to automatically generate test programs to verify the superscalar issue logic, bypass/multi bypass logic and stall logic, starting from the microarchitectural specification. Finally, we present the Random Test Generation methodology and the specific Random Test Generators.


There is general agreement in the literature that the most effective management of resources such as parks occurs when there is a high level of engagement with the community. The Wet Tropics rainforests located in the north of Queensland, Australia were listed as a World Heritage Area in 1988 and since then the management agency, the Wet Tropics Management Authority, has built an extensive network of committees to engage with the community. The listing of the Wet Tropics has also created a new range of opportunities for community-based enterprises to engage in the rainforest tourism sector. This paper reports on the perceived advantages and disadvantages of living within the Wet Tropics bioregion as reported by community members and compares these results with the findings of a 2002 survey of community values. Over the five year period community perceptions have remained very positive about the rainforest's contribution to residents' quality of life. This paper also highlights how effective management of the Wet Tropics has provided ideal conditions for the development of community-based entrepreneurship within the tourism sector.


The green ground layer in an Eastern Han Dynasty tomb mural painting at Haotan,Dingbian was analyzed.Polarized light microscopy(PLM),Raman spectroscopy(RS),X-ray diffraction spectroscopy(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometer(SEM-EDS) were used to analyzed the chemical and chase composition of the green layer.The results were compared with data of four European green earth samples.It was concluded that the green layer is green earth.However,further research is needed to provide more scientific information for archaeological and future conservation studies.


This paper proposes a standalone double stage solar photovoltaic (PV) water pumping system. This system utilizes a PV array, boost dc-dc converter, three phase VSI (Voltage Source Inverter), PMSM (Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor) and a centrifugal pump. The boost converter used between PV array and VSI, serves the purpose of MPP (Maximum Power Point) tracking by adjusting the duty ratio using an INC (Incremental Conductance) method in order to extract optimum power from the PV array. The PMSM is driven in vector control mode which drives the pump. A power feed-forward term is utilized which improves the system dynamic response. In this way, the purpose of effective and efficient water pumping is accomplished. The proposed system is modelled using MATLAB/Simulink environment and its performance is simulated to study its behavior under varying insolation levels.


The use of computer programs such as Microsoft Excel and PowerPoint is still not optimal at SMAN 10 Tangerang Selatan. Though these skills are needed in the world of work. The purpose of this online training activity is expected that students will be able to have better skills related to computer applications in practical ICT tools. It can also increase interest and learning outcomes by using Microsoft Excel and PowerPoint later on. The method to be carried out in this activity is the lecture / presentation method to provide knowledge related to Microsoft Excel and PowerPoint, question and answer method to explore Microsoft Excel and PowerPoint and simulations online via the Zoom application, due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Participants were followed by 43 students / I and accompanied by 7 homeroom teachers and principals of SMAN 10. The results of this activity were obtained only 30% of the trainees collected the assignments given to the implementing committee, the remaining 70% did not collect because not all used laptops. During the training the participants were very enthusiastic about participating in the training. They actively ask if they have difficulty in making simple tables and formulas. From the results of the training sent by the students of SMAN 10 Tangerang Selatan, this shows that they are very interested and eager to participate in the training.


There is a lot of concern about doctor-patient conflicts,many of which caused by the poor doctor-patient communication rather than technical factors in medical treatment.It explores doctor-patient relationship from a phenomenological approach and examines the different interpretations of "disease" by doctors and patients.It argues that only by establishing "You-and-Me" relationship through dialogue and focused listening can the two sides arrive at one shared world of understanding.It also seeks to construct a framework of horizon fusion from a new perspective,wherein empathy helps to bridge the gap in the horizons of doctors and patients and to achieve doctor-patient horizon fusion.


A model ternary fluid mixtures which exhibits tricritical points, and which had previously been studied in a mean-field approximation, is now studied more accurately by the inclusion in the expansion of the Helmholtz free energy of virial coefficients up to the sixth order. It is shown that in a four-dimensional space the tricritical points retain the classical character of the mean-field approximation, and in a two-dimensional space they almost certainly do not. The behaviour in three dimensions is near the boundary that separates normal from anomalous tricritical behaviour.The model can be reduced from three components to two by integrating over all positions of molecules of one component in the grand partition function. The phase behaviour of the transformed system is examined in the mean-field approximation and the presence of tricritical points in this two-component system, in apparent violation of the phase rule, is discussed briefly.


Algebraic curves and surfaces play an important and ever increasing role in computer aided geometric design, computer vision, and computer aided manufacturing. Consequently, theoretical results need to be adapted to practical needs. We need efficient algorithms for generating, representing, manipulating, analyzing, rendering algebraic curves and surfaces. In the last years there has been dramatic progress in all areas of algebraic computation. In particular, the application of computer algebra to the design and analysis of algebraic curves and surfaces has been extremely successful. In this lecture we report on some of these developments. One interesting subproblem in algebraic geometric computation is the rational parame-trization of curves and surfaces. The tacnode curve defined by f(x, y) = 2x − 3xy + y − 2y + y in the real plane has the rational parametrization x(t) = t − 6t + 9t− 2 2t4 − 16t3 + 40t2 − 32t + 9 , y(t) = t − 4t + 4 2t4 − 16t3 + 40t2 − 32t + 9 over Q. The criterion for parametrizability is the genus. Only curves of genus 0 have a rational parametrization, and only surfaces of arithmetic genus 0 and second plurigenus 0 have a rational parametrization. Conversely, given a parametric representation of a curve or surface, we might ask for the implicit algebraic equation defining it. Computing parametrizations essentially requires the full analysis of singularities (either by successive blow-ups, or by Puiseux expansion) and the determination of regular points on the curve or surface. We can control the quality of the resulting parametrization by controlling the field over which we choose this regular point. Thus, finding a regular curve point over a minimal field extension on a ∗The author wants to acknowledge support from the Austrian Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung (FWF) under project SFB F013/1304. 108 Proceedings of the International Conference on Algebra and Its Applications 2002 curve of genus 0 is one of the central problems in rational parametrization of curves, compare [SeWi97]. Similarly, finding rational curves on surfaces leads to parametrizations, compare [LSWH00]. The quality of parametrizations can be measured by the necessary field extension and also by the number of times the variety is traced by the parametrization. We will analyze the relation of the tracing index of a curve to the degrees of the implicit equation and the degree of the parametrization, compare [SeWi01]. 1 Parametrization of Algebraic Curves Algebraic curves and surfaces have been studied intensively in algebraic geometry for decades and even centuries. Thus, there exists a huge amount of theoretical knowledge about these geometric objects. Recently, algebraic curves and surfaces play an important and ever increasing role in computer aided geometric design, computer vision, and computer aided manufacturing. Consequently, theoretical results need to be adapted to practical needs. We need efficient algorithms for generating, representing, manipulating, analyzing, rendering algebraic curves and surfaces. Such efficient symbolic algorithms can be constructed based on method of computer algebra as described, for instance, in [Wink96]. One interesting subproblem is the rational parametrization of curves and surfaces. Definition 1.1. Let K be an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0. Consider an affine plane algebraic curve C in A(K) defined by the bivariate polynomial f(x, y) ∈ K[x, y], i.e. C = {(a, b) | (a, b) ∈ A(K) and f(a, b) = 0}. Of course, we could also view this curve in the projective plane P(K), defined by F (x, y, z), the homogenization of f(x, y). We denote the field of rational function over C by K(C). A pair of rational functions P = (x(t), y(t)) ∈ K(t) is a rational parametrization of the curve C, if and only if f(x(t), y(t)) = 0 and for almost every point (x0, y0) ∈ C (i.e. up to finitely many exceptions) there is a parameter value t0 ∈ K such that (x0, y0) = (x(t0), y(t0)). Only irreducible curves, i.e. curves whose defining polynomials are absolutely irreducible, can have a rational parametrization. Almost any rational transformation of a rational parametrization is again a rational parametrization, so such parametrizations are not unique. Implicit representations (by defining polynomial) and parametric representations (by rational parametrization) both have their particular advantages and disad-


In this article, Ciaran J. Burke argues that the 'Responsibility to Protect' initiative has failed. Burke presents a series of fundamental flaws, both with the doctrine advanced by the ICISS, and with the subsequent attempts to incorporate it into the international legal framework. Burke opines that equity, as a source of international law, should instead be used to shed fresh light on the debate, keeping the discourse within the law and away from subjective ethics, and drafting a novel framework which he dubs 'equitable humanitarian intervention'.


In the Ukrainian provinces, for the agrarian elite represented mostly by the nobility landowners, the modernization process, which itensified in the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, did not pass unnoticed. The paper seeks to analyze the transformations among the agrarian elite at the turn of two centuries. The latter serves as the conceptual foundation of research enriched with the data of statistical, clerical, publicist character as well as those in private ownership of landowners.Upon the abolition of serfdom, the agrarian crisis of the late nineteenth century, the largescale peasant movement at the beginning of the 20th century, the Stolypin reform, and the First World War, the agrarian elite, which consisted of nobles until the midth of the nineteenth century, was subjected to sweeping transformations. Among the most noticeable shifts were the rapid reduction of the nobility's land ownership, the replenishment of the agrarian elite by the «new» landowners, and the entrepreneurial reorientation of part of the landlords. The professionalization of the household management, the application of new technologies in agriculture, the development of industrial enterprise, active charity, the rights protection through membersship in various organizations became part of the new reality. In this period, the agrarian elite moved from a privileged state to a class of agrarian entrepreneurs, who found themselved in the conditions of free competition and had to respond to the demands of society. The transformation was interrupted by the revolutionary 1917-1921s, after which the agrarian elite was liquidated. The present research would be further developed through studying of the narrative sources by the agrarian elite on the overcoming of the crisis.


We present evidence that the characteristics of rainfall events strongly control the value of streamflow observations for the identification of distributed watershed models. A series of synthetic rainfall events with different spatio‐temporal extents and dynamics are used to investigate spatially‐distributed global parameter sensitivities for a typical watershed model. The model's parametric sensitivities vary greatly with rainfall distribution characteristics, location of the model cell in relation to the watershed's gauged outlet, and, to a lesser degree, the initial model states. This study demonstrates that the information content of streamflow is a dynamic property and that distributed model identification methodologies should consider the impact of spatio‐temporal rainfall dynamics.


The pressure generated by inspiratory muscles against an obstructed airway at functional residual capacity is an index of respiratory center output that is relatively independent of body size and lung mechanics. We have utilized this approach, that also assesses effects of afferent vagal activity, to measure output of the respiratory center in 6 full term infants on 15 occasions during the first week of life. While an infant was breathing room air or rebreathing carbon dioxide in oxygen, the face mask was occluded for 1 to 5 inspiratory efforts. Flow, tidal volume, inspiratory pressure, and carbon dioxide were measured continuously.Tidal volume, peak inspiratory pressure, inspiratory pressure at 0.1 sec after occlusion, and minute ventilation all increased with increasing carbon dioxide. The sequential increase in pressure during 5 occluded inspiratory efforts serves as an index of respiratory sensitivity to increasing chemical drive. Application of these techniques to infants with respiratory control problems can simultaneously differentiate nervous (vagal) and chemical influences on respiratory center output.


Declarative business process models focus on modeling what must be done but do not determine how. The existing engine for controlling the execution of declarative processes uses automata-based model checking. Unfortunately, the well-known state space explosion problem limits the ability to explore large processes through automata-based approaches. In this work, we propose a novel mechanism to control the execution of declarative business processes. Our approach has the advantage of not requiring the computation of all reachable states. This allows for the modeling and execution of larger business processes when compared to the automata-based approach.


A vital staining method using the fluorochrome acridine orange (AO) was developed for staining teliospores and primary sporidia (basidiospores) of Tilletia indica the causal agent of Karnal bunt of wheat. This procedure allows determination of the viability of teliospores in soil. Also the method makes it possible to monitor germination of teliospores in different soil types under different soil moisture levels. The primary sporidia produced from germinated teliospores could be easily detected in small soil samples (10 g). This is the first report on evaluation of germination of viable teliospores directly in different soil types. This method makes it possible qualitatively to determine the germination of teliospores in nonsterile soil taken directly from the field. The AO procedure, as a supplement to the quarantine inspection of seed lots, could be used for routine testing of the viability of teliospores of T. indica extracted from seed lots.


Mercury‐photosensitized photochemical vapor deposition of hydrogenated amorphous silicon films was carried out for H2‐diluted SiH4 source material using 2537‐A light excitation. The deposition rate of the amorphous silicon film increased with increasing H2 volume in the source and exhibited a maximum for a 30% SiH4 source. Substrate temperature dependence in the deposition rate increased for a large amount of H2 in the source as compared with a pure SiH4 source. This result was applied to prevent transparency loss in a quartz window used to introduce the excitation light into the reaction zone.


This paper proposes a new methodology for selecting a pension fund base on the probability of loss for its customers. The methodology includes the historical performance of the portfolio between, March 2006 and May 2013, and projects its profitability either to maturity or to the customer's retirement age.


Gasification is one of process utilization of biomass as an alternative energy. The gasification process that converts solid fuels such as biomass into syngas (CO, CH4, H2, O2, CO2, dan N2) as a result of the reaction occurring in the gasification reactor. Research that has been done by using gasification reactor system of continuous downdraft in Energy Engineering Laboratory, State Of Polytechnic Sriwijaya. Gasification process is done with continuous supply of biomass use in automatic screw control. Research carried out by variation of Air Fuel Ratio (AFR) of 0.79, 0.86, 1086, 1:22, and 1:30. The result showed the best flame stability at temperatures of 500 ° C with a blue flame colors and stable, the composition of the gas content syngas fuels at best in the Air Fuel Ratio (AFR) of 0.79 and a temperature of 500 ° C (CO: 28.55%, H2: 12,47%, CH4: 4,98%).


In recognition of World TB day (March 24), tuberculosis (TB) experts from New York State and vicinity met to discuss scientific progress and how it can impact control of TB. The meeting was held in Saranac Lake where Dr. E. L. Trudeau first cultured Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) following the guidelines of Dr. Koch and also where Trudeau set up his successful TB sanitarium (Fig. 1). Many attendees were excited to visit this historical center of TB research and treatment however, they left with a profound sense of how much there remains to be done in order to bring TB under control. The majority of the meeting was in a workshop format with speakers providing a 15-min presentation of their recent work in three scientific sessions. The first session was entitled ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a potent pathogen'', the second was ''Tuberculosis: the nature of the human disease'' and the third was ''Cellular Immunity to tuberculosis: from animal models to human disease''. At the end of these scientific sessions, a final open discussion session was held entitled ''Vaccination, Drugs and Public Health: the trifecta of tuberculosis control worldwide''. This consisted of a focused discussion of what is required to improve vaccination, drug development and public health. The meeting was opened with a poem written by a student in 1908 in honor of Dr. E. L. Trudeau's 60th birthday. Dr. Trudeau started the Trudeau sanitarium and research facilities in Saranac Lake 125 years ago and his legacy lives on in the Trudeau Institute where the meeting was held. Mtb: a potent pathogen In the first session, the speakers stressed the importance of understanding the basic biology of mycobacteria in order to identify new drug targets and facilitate rational drug design. Using a variety of genetic tools, the speakers highlighted how mycobacteria communicate with Figure 1. The images show: Dr. E. L. Trudeau performing research on Mtb in his ''state of the art'' laboratory (top left); Dr. E. L. Trudeau's son examining a TB patient (top right); and a number of TB patients taking the ''New Winter Cure'' at the Trudeau Cottage Sanitarium in 1889 (bottom). The TB Summit that took place in 2009 held its social evening in the newly restored TB laboratories used by Dr. E. L. Trudeau. Images courtesy of the Trudeau Institute Archive.


Near net-shape forming technique of high volume fraction SiCp /Al composites was realized by using aluminium-alloy-core with MgO coating in pressureless infiltration process.The microstructure,fracture surface morphology and phase constituent of SiCp /Al composite were analyzed by SEM,EDS and XRD.The results show that there was unobovious heterogeneous interface between SiCp /Al composite and aluminium-alloy-core,the SiC particles in composite near interface didn't collapse and distributed uniformly,the use of core didn't bring componential pollution to composite.The properties of composite near interface(about 500μm) and composite which is away from core including flexure strength,modulus of elasticity,density,coefficient of thermal expansion,thermal conductivity were tested,the results indicated the properties of composite near interface(about 500μm) and composite which is away from core didn't appear significant differences and the use of core didn't cause apparent degradation in property.The control on size was investigated and the result showed the high volume fraction SiCp /Al composite components with precise cavity was fabricated successfully by controlling reasonably the size of core in pressureless infiltration process.


With the establishment of the modernized Internet communication system,the comments of online news have already become the focus of each news website,and also become the hot subject for those news communication practitioners who study on this,especially.It is very important for the development of Internet Communication in the area of journalism to research the adrantages and development of comments of online news,and the issues being ignored in the comments of online news.


The main purpose of this work is to couple the transmission signal into the power line with a low insertion loss. The inductive coupler is simulated by using CST modeling. By means of the non-contact inductive coupler, the carrier signals on the wire with large diameter are coupled into the one with small diameter and then enter the power line carrier handling veneer, so as to realize the coupled transmission of the signals. The structure model of the inductive coupler is established, in which the key technologies are the selection of magnetic core materials and the design of the coupler structure.


Background: The quest for an ideal sedoanalgesic-combination exhibiting the triad of efficacy, safety and patient comfort has led to administration of several permutations and combinations of drugs (midazolam, fentanyl, remifentanil, dexmedetomidine, propofol, ketamine, pethidine, pentazocine). The ideal sedoanalgesic for CT-guided core-biopsy of spine, radiofrequency/microwave ablation of hepatic/pulmonary lesions, has hitherto been elusive. In the absence of any guidelines, we compared a ketamine-dexmedetomidine combination (Group-K) with fentanyl-dexmedetomidine (Group-F).
Methods: This prospective, interventional, single-centric, parallel-armed, randomized controlled study included 60 patients (ASA physical state I-II, either gender, aged 18-75y, weighing 35-85kg), undergoing CT-guided core biopsy/radiofrequency/microwave ablation in remote location, allocated to Group-K and Group-F. Independent/paired-sample t-tests were utilized and data expressed as box-whisker plots and trendlines, p-value<0.05 being statistically significant.
Results: There was a significant difference in intraprocedural pain-scores between both groups (p-values 0.0001, 0.0011, 0.0092 and 0.0201 at 0-10mins, 10-20mins, 20-30mins and 30-40mins respectively). More patients in Group-F required rescue-analgesic with reduced interventionist-satisfaction score versus Group-K. In Group-K, mean arterial pressure and heart rate (95.1mmHg;79.6/min) increased after initial ketamine bolus, but were maintained/decreased at intervention-initiation (93.2mmHg;79.4/min) and at 10min and 30min thereafter. In Group-F, MAP and HR decreased after initial fentanyl bolus (83.5mHg;71.9/min), increased with intervention-initiation (90.1mmHg;77/min), progressively decreasing at every time-point thereafter. VAS-scores (resting; on coughing) were lower in Group-K.
Conclusion: A ketamine-dexmedetomidine combination technique demonstrated a superior sedoanalgesic effect with reduced intra-procedural bradypnea, bradycardia, rescue-drug requirement and post-procedural complications with enhanced interventionist-satisfaction and may emerge as the ideal procedural sedoanalgesic for patients undergoing CT-guided core-biopsy, radiofrequency/microwave ablation.


We propose a composite panel that can be assembled in a planar state and can be transformed with a one-DOF kinematic mechanism after the assembly. The proposed structure is comprised of generalized rigid-foldable tubes. The tubes are assembled such that they are non-trivially compatible with one another, but still share a desired single-curved surface. Because of the nontrivial assembly, the structure is expected to be flexible only in the desired one-DOF motion, deploying from a flat state to a 3D state, while it is significantly stiffer against other motions. The geometric construction follows the following procedure; (1) obtain an equivalent origami structure from a generating surface, (2) attach compatible tubular assemblies on both sides of the surface. This method produces a wide range of rigidly-foldable composite structures including corrugated surfaces with a flat-foldable compact state.


This paper investigates what it entails to provide I/O service differentiation and performance isolation for virtual machines on individual multicore nodes in cloud platforms. Sharing I/O between VMs is fundamentally different from sharing I/O between processes because guest VM operating systems use adaptive resource management mechanisms like TCP congestion avoidance, disk I/O schedulers, etc. The problem is that these mechanisms are generally sensitive to the magnitude and rate of change of service latencies, where failing to address these latency concerns while designing a service differentiation framework for I/O results in undue performance degradation and hence, insufficient isolation between VMs. This problem is addressed by the notion of Differential Virtual Time (DVT), which can provide service differentiation with performance isolation for VM guest OS resource management mechanisms. DVT is realized within a proportional share I/O scheduling framework for the Xen hypervisor, and its use requires no changes to guest OSs. DVT is applied to message-based I/O, but is also applicable to subsystems like disk I/O. Experimental results with DVT-based I/O scheduling for representative applications demonstrate the utility and effectiveness of the approach.


The Lawrence Livermore Laboratory assisted the Nuclear Regulatory Commission in the development of a radioactive waste classification system that will satisfy technical, environmental, and societal concerns. This is an interim report to the NRC on work accomplished to date. It describes a proposed waste-classification system that is based on the final disposition of waste material. The system consists of three classes of radioactive waste. The classification of any radioactive waste will depend primarily on its hazard potential. Other characteristics such as longevity (half-size) will be considered also. The levels of hazard that differentiate the three classes of radioactive waste will be determined by ongoing work. This report describes other work to be completed before a suitable radioactive waste-classificaion system is established.


Abstract
Purpose
This chapter explains why college-educated Latinas, the daughters of working-class Latino immigrant parents, are disproportionately entering the teaching profession in the United States.

Methodology/approach
This qualitative study relies on secondary statistical data, an analysis of regional trends and 40 in-depth face-to-face interviews with Latina teachers that work in Southern California elementary schools.

Findings
Teaching has traditionally been a white woman's occupation, but it is now the number one career drawing college-educated Latina women, who are entering the teaching profession at greater rates than African Americans or Asian Americans. Current scholarship posits that teaching is a career that resonates with Latina women's racial-ethnic solidarity and feminine sense of duty to help others. In this chapter, we show how class background is also a key in understanding why the teaching profession has emerged as the top occupational niche for college-educated Latina women. While racial uplift, gender ideals, and family socialization help explain why college-educated Latinas are going into teaching, we add an emphasis on socio-economic class, demographic and structural context, and collectively informed agency.

Research limitations/implications
This study sheds light on the factors that shape upward mobility and career outcomes in white-collar jobs for minority students and second generation Latinas, the children of immigrants.

Originality/value
This chapter offers a sociological analysis that suggests Latina teachers navigate their educational and career choices with collective-informed agency and strong obligations to family members. To best understand why Latina/Chicana college graduates are increasingly concentrated in the teaching profession, we advocate an intersectionalities approach that takes class seriously.


Salmon et al uncover a mechanism in smooth muscle cells that controls the switch from quiescence to proliferation. In walls of blood vessels, smooth muscle cells (SMCs) proliferate only in extreme circumstances. During vessel injury, for example, SMCs increase their numbers to repair the wound, and during atherosclerosis, they contribute to the formation of plaques. Thus, understanding what regulates SMC proliferation could help both with vessel healing and attenuating atherosclerosis. It is known that genes associated with the differentiated SMCs—SMC marker genes—are downregulated when these cells switch from noncycling to a cycling phenotype and that this switch is promoted by the transcription factor KLF4. However, there was no direct evidence that KLF4 actually downregulated the marker genes in question— until now. Salmon et al showed that after vascular injury in mice, KLF4 binds to a sequence element upstream of the marker gene SM22 , recruits other transcription factors, and causes transcriptional suppression. This element—called a G/C repressor—is present in other SMC marker genes, and so the authors suggest that these additional marker genes would be similarly regulated. In addition to examining these genes, it will be interesting to see if KLF4 also controls the proliferation switch that contributes to plaque formation in atherosclerosis. p120-S879 Phosphorylation and Adherens Junctions (p 739)