Children's Literature (CL) has been identified as an effective tool to develop essential competencies such as creativity and critical thinking in the young learners. Although Literature has been given a prominent place in Sri Lanka, CL has been limited to reading for pleasure. This case study investigated the impact of CL in the development of creativity, critical thinking and positive attitudes in the Elementary School (ES) children in Sri Lanka. Twenty ES teachers in the state schools in Sri Lanka were interviewed to identify their views on using CL as a learning tool in the classroom. Observations and interviews were conducted on three Fourth-Grade classes to examine the exposure of the students to CL and their perception of the themes in CL. Conclusions were made by evaluating the responses of the students to the CL material used in the classroom. Key findings of the study were; although the ES students had access to story books majority of them were not interested in reading or listening to stories because they were not motivated by their parents or teachers; ES teachers were unaware of the techniques of using CL for skill development; many popular CL have unconsciously inculcated negative attitudes in the students; themes in many CL were more suitable for adults than the children; responses of the ES students to CL displayed their creativity and critical thinking ability as well as their values and attitudes; Children have an innate ability for creativity and critical thinking which can be developed with the correct guidance of the teachers and adults. Finally the data emerged from the study revealed the effectiveness of CL as a learning tool to develop skills of ES students.


1. A catheter for applying energy to an object (2), the catheter (5) has a longitudinal axis (7), wherein the catheter (5) comprises: a unit (30) applying energy to the application of energy to the object (2) band-(20) sensing for sensing an object (2) in direction (23) sensing, wherein the block (20) sensing is adapted for rotation with respect to the catheter (5) so that the angle (α) between the direction (23) sensing unit (20) sensing and the longitudinal axis (7) the catheter (5) is adapted to continuous adjustment between two limiting angles (α, α), wherein the catheter arranged for rotation unit (20) for sensing such a degree that the rear end (25) sensing unit extends beyond the original diameter katetera.2. The catheter of claim 1, wherein the catheter (5) comprises the enlarged area (8) of the catheter and wherein the control unit (20) sensing arranged rotatably in the zoomed-in (8) katetera.3. The catheter of claim 2 wherein the wall thickness of the zoomed-in (8) of the catheter in different positions adapted to predetermine the zoomed-in enlarged form (8) katetera.4. The catheter of claim 2, wherein the catheter (5) has a first state in which prolonged region (8) of the catheter is not increased and the direction (23) sensing unit (20) sensing aligned with the longitudinal axis (7) of the catheter (5), and a second state in which prolonged region (8) of the catheter is increased to provide space for the rotation block (20) is sensed, wherein the catheter (5) adapted to switch between a first state and a second sostoyaniem.5. The catheter of claim 2 wherein prolonged region (8) of the catheter is increased by spreading a fluid substance


Electronic Medical Records (EMR) is an evolution of the conventional Medical Record files. The evolution is inevitable due to information technology advancement. Electronic format brings flexibility and ease which is potential to better guarantee patients' rights to access the contents of the files in their medical records, according to the laws in Indonesia. This study designed a new model of EMR security access which is patients' rights-oriented and adjusted with the regulations and laws in Indonesia. The architecture of the model uses an Authentication Authorization and Accounting (AAA) server which also functions as EMR Index Server. To improve the data accessibility for patients and physicians authorization is done using Short Message Service in mobile technology.


Descriptions on the method and the apparatus for controlling uplink transmission power are provided. The method for controlling uplink transmission power comprises receiving a signal on a downlink channel in dual connectivity with master eNB (MeNB) and secondary eNB (SeNB), allocating transmission power for sounding reference signals (SRS) and transmitting SRS to the MeNB and SeNB based on the allocated transmission power. Transmission power may be allocated differently depending on whether the MeNB and the SeNB are synchronous or not.


In the statistical quasilinear theory of weak plasma turbulence, charged particles moving in electrostatic fluctuations diffuse in velocity, i.e. the velocity variance 〈Δv2(t)〉 increases linearly with time t, for times long compared with the auto-correlation time τac of the field, which may be estimated as the reciprocal of the spectral width of the fluctuations. Recent test-particle simulations have revealed a new regime at very long timescales t[Gt ]τac where quasilinear theory breaks down, for intermediate field amplitudes. As this behaviour is not consistent with a diffusion on quasilinear timescales, the problem of the motion of particles in a broadband wave field, for the case of a slowly growing field, is considered here from a purely dynamical point of view, introducing no statistics on the field and no restriction on the amplitude of this field. By determining, on a given timescale, and in the frame of wave–particle interaction, the spectral width over which waves interact efficiently with a particle, a new timescale is found: the nonlinear time of wave–particle interaction τNL∝ (spectral density of energy)−1/3[Gt ]τac. This is the correlation time of the dynamics. For times shorter than τNL, the particles trajectories remain globally regular, and do not separate: they follow a quasifractal set of dimension 2. For times long compared with τNL, there appears a 'true' diffusive regime with mixing and decorrelation, due to nonlinear mixing in phase space and the localization of the wave–particle interaction. These theoretical results are confirmed by a numerical study of the velocity variance as a function of time. In particular, the particle dynamics really do become diffusive on timescales several orders of magnitude longer than that predicted by quasilinear theory (namely [Gt ]τNL[Gt ]τac). Finally, deviations from the quasilinear value of the diffusion coefficient and wave growth rate, discussed in the literature, are explained.


Purpose
Very large-scale integration (VLSI) digital signal processing became very popular and is predominantly used in several emerging applications. The optimal design of multirate filter with improvement in performance parameters such as less area, high speed and less power is the challenging task in most of the signal processing applications. This study aims to propose several effective multirate filter structures to accomplish sampling rate conversion.

Design/methodology/approach
The multirate filter structures considered in this work are polyphase filter and coefficient symmetry-based finite impulse response filter. The symmetry scheme particularly brings down the complexity to significant extent. To bring improvement in speed, delay registers are inserted at appropriate path with the help of pipelining and retiming scheme.

Findings
In this paper, the three tasks have been considered. First, the polyphase coefficient symmetry and modified polyphase (MP) structure is designed. Second, the pipelining is applied to the polyphase structure and the obtained results are compared with the polyphase structure. In third, retiming is applied to the polyphase structure and the performance comparison is carried out. The structures are realized for various orders, and the comparative analysis is carried out with the filter order N = 12, 30, 42, 8, 11 and 24 and the results are stated. The performance of all the accomplished structures is analyzed using Altera Quartus with the family cyclone II, device EP2C70F672C6. The results show that the multirate filter using pipelining and retiming offers better performance when examining with the conventional structures. Retimed and pipelined MP structure achieves a speed enhancement of about 33.81% when examining with the conventional polyphase (CP) structure with retiming and pipelining for N = 24 and M = 5. Likewise, the 2/3 structure of pipelined coefficient symmetry approach offers area reduction of about 54.76% over 2/3 structure of pipelined polyphase approach for N = 30 with little reduction in power. The fine grain pipelined and retimed MP structure with N = 11 and M = 3 avails critical path delay reduction of about 28.15% when examining with the corresponding fine grain pipelined and retimed CP structure.

Originality/value
The proposed distinct structures offer better alternative to conventional structures because of the symmetric coefficients, performance enhancement using pipelining and retiming based rate conversion structures. The suggested structures can be used for achieving different rates in software radios.


Monitoring systems of a PGSFR (Prototype Gen-IV Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor) in KOREA provide alarms, integrity information in the reactor building, sodium-water reaction information in the steam generator, fuel failure information, and supporting information for maintenance and inspection. In particular, a Post-Accident Monitoring System (PAMS) provides primary information for operators to assess the plant conditions and perform their role in bringing the plant to a safe condition during an accident. Some PAM variables can be allocated as more two types. It is important for system designers to confirm the suitability of the selection of PAM variables. In addition, the PAMS is a position 4 display against common cause failures of safety I&C systems. The position 4 display should be independent and diverse from the safety I&C systems. The diversity of safety I&C equipment has led to an increase in the design and verification and validation cost. Thus, this paper proposes the system design strategies on the PAMS design problems of the PGSFR in KOREA. The results will be input into a conceptual system design for the PAMS of the PGSFR in KOREA.


The Bayesian analysis of the Burr type  distribution (Exponentiated Rayleigh) has been considered in the paper.  The Gamma, Exponential, Chi-Squared and Jeffrey prior have been assumed for posterior analysis. The estimation has been made under doubly type  censored samples. The Bayes estimation has been obtained under eight different loss functions (Squared error, Quadratic, Weighted, Linear exponential, Precautionary, Entropy, De Groot and non-Linear exponential loss functions). The simulation study has been conducted to compare by mean square error (MSE) for the performance of various estimators. Keyword: Bayesian Analyses, Exponentiated Rayleigh Distribution, Burr type  distribution, Loss function, Prior, Posterior, (Squared error, Quadratic, Weighted, Linear exponential, Precautionary, Entropy, De Groot and non-Linear exponential) loss functions.


: Topographic maps are commonly used to define populations of lakes in regional surveys of surface water quality. To illustrate the effect of different maps on that process, we compared the lakes represented on the 1:250,000-scale maps used for the Northeast Region of the Eastern Lake Survey—Phase I (ELS-I) to the lakes on a sample of large-scale maps (1:24,000 or 1:62,500). Lake areas at or near the lower limit of representation delimited "smallest-lake" values for the compared 1:250,000-scale maps. The regional median for these values was 4.5 hectares (ha) and ranged from 0.6 to 24.8 ha. Lake representation is influenced by cartographic limitations such as map scale, age, and complexity as well as the inherent variability of waterbodies (e.g., water level fluctuations or the creation of reservoirs, beaver impoundments, and oxbows). The total number of lakes on large-scale maps increased markedly as lake area decreased. Approximately 15,700 of the estimated 29,000 lakes in the EPA's Northeast Region were 1 to 4 ha in area. Because maps affect the size distribution of lakes included in a regional survey and because lake areas are thought to modify lake chemistry, maps ultimately affect the estimates of regional surface water quality.


We characterize the long run outcome of a dynamic private information economy with public capital accumulation. The economy is typical of those assumed in the new dynamic public finance literature. We establish that almost all agents converge tomisery or luxury and bound the fraction who are immiserated.


Landsat data are an ideal data source for deriving fine-resolution land cover maps, and integrating temporal features extracted from time-series normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data achieves better performance. This paper compares the different roles of NDVI statistic features and phenology features in land cover classification at a finer scale. Time-series NDVI with fine resolution is first obtained by fusing Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager and moderate resolution imaging spectrometer (MODIS) NDVI via spatiotemporal fusion algorithm. Statistic and phenology features are then extracted from the fused data and added into random forest (RF) classifier. Performance under different classifiers and importance of phenology features are further discussed. Results show that both NDVI statistic features and phenology features have great effects on improving the classification accuracy after adding them to Landsat spectral bands. The overall accuracy is improved approximately 3% and 5%. Phenology features contain majority information of statistic features, and better reflect the seasonal variations of time-series NDVI, especially for vegetation types. Additionally, neural network classifier achieved similar trends of results with RF but lower accuracy, while support vector machine classifier seems to be poor in dealing with high-dimension temporal features, especially in regions with abundant vegetation. Among phenology features, maximum value, large integrated value, and base value have the highest importance scores, while start, end, and middle times of season provide extra information for identifying grass and nongrass.


This article provides a conceptual overview of theoretical approaches to the study of markets from across social science disciplines. These approaches are arranged according to the dimensions of socialization and materialization. While necessarily simplistic and non-exhaustive, such arrangement drives out some of the strengths and weaknesses of the frameworks considered. Particular attention is given to the emerging markets-as-practice approach, which loosely unites the contributions to this special issue. While the markets-as-practice framework has received considerable attention in the recent decade, much remains to be studied in and around markets. Some of the issues highlighted in this article, and explored across the five contributions in this issue, are multiplicity in markets, market changes and dynamics, the possibility of "managing" markets, and values, morals, and power in markets.


Machine learning has been widely applied to building security applications. However, many machine learning models require the continuous supply of representative labeled data for training, which limits the models' usefulness in practice. In this paper, we use bot detection as an example to explore the use of data synthesis to address this problem. We collected the network traffic from 3 online services in three different months within a year (23 million network requests). We develop a stream-based feature encoding scheme to support machine learning models for detecting advanced bots. The key novelty is that our model detects bots with extremely limited labeled data. We propose a data synthesis method to synthesize unseen (or future) bot behavior distributions. The synthesis method is distribution-aware, using two different generators in a Generative Adversarial Network to synthesize data for the clustered regions and the outlier regions in the feature space. We evaluate this idea and show our method can train a model that outperforms existing methods with only 1% of the labeled data. We show that data synthesis also improves the model's sustainability over time and speeds up the retraining. Finally, we compare data synthesis and adversarial retraining and show they can work complementary with each other to improve the model generalizability.


A power divider with differential input and output ports is proposed in this paper. The proposed power divider consists of three coupled resonators and exhibits a bandpass filter response. Good frequency selectivity could hence be obtained. A 2.45-GHz differentially operated power divider has been fabricated on an RO4003C substrate and measured by a vector network analyzer. The measured data as well as the simulated results show that the power divider has a better frequency selectivity compared with a traditional one. From the simulated current distribution, the differential operation at the output ports with the differentially input signal could be validated.


The increasing demand for higher quality in solar cell production led to the development of several inline control methods. Beneath the image‐guided methods, X‐ray is not yet very well investigated for the application in photovoltaic research but shows high potential. In contrast to the ordinary X‐ray radioscopic method, the tomosynthesis technique exhibits additional depth information of the solar cells and modules. In this article, several applications of tomosynthesis for the investigation of solar cells and modules are studied. It will be shown what potential the application of X‐ray and especially tomosynthesis has as quality control tool for photovoltaics. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


There is a significant interest for using call features in taxonomic and systematic studies. However, the indiscriminate use of alternative terms for the acoustic structures has precluded reliable comparisons among species without directly checking recordings of all compared species. Recent attempts of nomenclature standardization have focused on term and structure definitions instead of homology. Here, we argue that application of nomenclatural propositions based on universal similarities is pragmatically difficult (likely impossible) and, most importantly, inaccurate regarding to assessment of homology. If homology is not properly assessed, nomenclature can lead to artificial groupings, which can hamper our understanding of the natural world. As a solution, we propose a guideline to first assess homology correspondence and then apply adequate terms to bioacoustical structures. This assessment follows the same homology criteria used to other phenotypical structures, such as morphological ones, and their successful application depend on the comprehension of the acoustic characteristics of the structures and on sampling intermediate forms. Additionally, we point out that there is no biological difference between traits presented qualitatively or quantitatively, and, some of the issues assumedly related to quantitative features are actually related to polymorphism and overlap of trait variation between taxa.


From the beginning of the twentieth century to the present, our population has little more than doubled, but our use of water has increased eight-fold. Our population, now in excess of 185 million, is using water at the rate of 325 bil gal/day (1.23 bil cu m/day). This water use is expected to double by 1980 and to triple by the year 2000. It follows that as more water is used more liquid wastes are created. There is now nearly six times as much waste ?pollution?in our rivers, lakes, and streams as 60 yr ago. In early years problems of pollution resulted mainly from man's body wastes and from sewage-like industrial wastes. Today, however, water pollu tion is affected by new factors. Our streams are being contaminated by many unfamiliar types of wastes, prod ucts that are a result of the advanced technologies of the past 20 yr. Thus, the measurement of pollution, or the assessment of water quality, has be come extremely complex. The term "pollution" has differ ent meanings for different people. To some it means only the discharging of untreated wastewater, or sediment from urban development; to others, the introduction of pesticides and agri cultural chemicals. To the sportsman, pollution may be water temperature too high for sport fish to survive; to


Observations under field conditions in Bangalore showed that release of Neochetina eichhorniae and N. bruchi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) brought about successful control of the water hyacinth in water bodies where the plants were free-floating. However, in situations where the plants were partly anchored, suppression of the weed was achieved only 8 years after insect release. Studies carried out under glasshouse conditions, in which plants with free-floating and silt-covered roots were exposed to Neochetina spp., showed that fully grown larvae were incapable of pupating on silted roots of the water hyacinth. This resulted in reduced adult emergence of N. eichhorniae and N. bruchi, indicating that delayed suppression of water hyacinth in silted tanks may be due to the low population build-up of the weevils.


ABSTRACT The central issue considered in this paper is the problem of teaching, in the same class, children who are at widely differing stages of their devlopment or of widely differing ability. Comparisons are made of the age‐distributions within a class‐‐and the educational consequences‐‐of the Continental practice of deferring entry to primary school by a year for children who are slow developers (so as to achieve a greater homogeneity of pupils' attainments within a class, and make teaching easier) with the English practice of school‐entry tied to a strict twelve‐months' period of birth. From samples of classes of pupils aged 9–10 examined here, it seems that slow‐developing pupils in Switzerland, who have been placed in a class a year behind their normal age‐range, perform close to the average of the class in which they have been placed; and the dispersion of pupils' mathematical attainments in Swiss classes is reduced to about half that in English classes. Where the variability of pupils' attainment...


ABC ketchup is ketchup first time in Indonesia produced by ABC PT.Heinz Indonesia.Destination this study to determine the effect of advertising and brand awareness on product purchasing decisions on PT.Heinz ABC  soy sauce in Samarinda Indonesia and to know between advertising and brand awareness, which is more variable influence on the purchasing decisions of soy sauce PT.Heinz ABC in Indonesia in Samarinda. A primary issue in the writing of this study is whether advertising and brand awareness significantly influence purchasing decisions on PT.Heinz ABC soy sauce in Indonesia samarinda. Basic theory used marketing management, advertising, brand awareness and decision purchase.Hypothesis: advertising and brand awareness significantly influence purchasing decisions on PT.Heinz ABC soy sauce in Indonesia and advertising samarinda dominant influence on purchasing decisions on PT.Heinz ABC soy sauce Indonesia in samarinda. The analytical tool used ismultiplelinearregression. These results gain coefficient of determination (R2) of the regression equation of 0.773 or 77.3% which shows that advertising and brand awareness simultaneously accounted for 77.3% of the purchase decision (Y) ABC soy sauce in the village river siring northern districts samarinda samarinda city.The simultaneous influence of proving that the influence of these two variables proved and of the two variables are the most influential advertising variable (X1).  From the results of these studies should further improve Ketchup ABC advertising program with the program more attractive and more appropriate use of the media to increase brand awareness so that consumers' purchasing decisions Ketchup ABC increasing. In addition, Ketchup Company ABC should consider other means of promotion in addition to advertising in order of performance and corporate objectives can be achieved with more good. technique this study support the hypothesis.


In many fields of nature, a system reacts to sudden changes of an external parameter in the form of two (or more) cascaded relaxation processes, where the first step depends directly on the external parameter and the second process, which is connected with the experimental observable, is determined by the state of relaxation of the first one. It follows from linear-response theory that in this case the experiment yields a behavior which distinctly deviates from a single-exponential decay, even if each of the processes is linear and follows an exponential law. The relaxation starts with time derivative zero, which is most pronounced when the two time constants are of similar magnitude. If the experimental data are fitted with a Kohlrausch−Williams−Watts (KWW) function, the fit will therefore tend to overestimate the KWW exponent β. Even β values larger than one can be obtained. As an example, the diffracted light signal in a photorefractive polymer is analyzed.


Estimating leaf area index (LAI) of Vitis vinifera using indirect methods involves some critical issues, related to its discontinuous and non-homogeneous canopy. This study evaluates the smart app PocketLAI and hemispherical photography in vineyards against destructive LAI measurements. Data were collected during six surveys in an experimental site characterized by a high level of heterogeneity among plants, allowing us to explore a wide range of LAI values. During the last survey, the possibility to combine remote sensing data and in-situ PocketLAI estimates (smart scouting) was evaluated. Results showed a good agreement between PocketLAI data and direct measurements, especially for LAI ranging from 0.13 to 1.41 (R2 = 0.94, RRMSE = 17.27%), whereas the accuracy decreased when an outlying value (vineyard LAI = 2.84) was included (R2 = 0.77, RRMSE = 43.00%), due to the saturation effect in case of very dense canopies arising from lack of green pruning. The hemispherical photography showed very high values of R2, even in presence of the outlying value (R2 = 0.94), although it showed a marked and quite constant overestimation error (RRMSE = 99.46%), suggesting the need to introduce a correction factor specific for vineyards. During the smart scouting, PocketLAI showed its reliability to monitor the spatial-temporal variability of vine vigor in cordon-trained systems, and showed a potential for a wide range of applications, also in combination with remote sensing.


Abstract Corporate social responsibility (CSR) plays an important role in promoting workplace ethics. However, most research has focused on CSRs' performance or favourable performance-related behaviour outcomes. Little is known about how individual employees perceive CSR and how this affects their ethical behaviour. This research examines how employees' perceived corporate social responsibility (PCSR) facilitates their ethical behaviour. Specifically, we hypothesise that PCSR influences employee ethical behaviour by enhancing employees' organisational commitment. The relationship between employees' commitment and ethical behaviour is contingent on their co-workers' ethical behaviour. The hypothesised relationships were assessed using partial least squares structural equation modelling with a sample of 300 employees from 'The Ghana Club 100' firms. Our findings suggest that employee commitment serves as an effective mechanism through which employees' perception enhances their ethical behaviour. The findings also show that the weaker the co-workers' ethical behaviour, the stronger the relationship between employee commitment and ethical behaviour. Both theoretical and practical implications are discussed.


A new process of extracting titanium from vanadium–titanium magnetite (VTM) in the Panxi area in Sichuan, China is introduced in this work. Various experiments, including reduction–magnetic separation, leaching and hydrolyzing experiments, are carried out. The results show that the optimum conditions for leaching experiments are an acid/slag ratio of 4:1, a leaching temperature of 60 °C, a leaching time of 80 min, and a liquid/solid ratio of 3.2:1. The leaching rate of titanium in Ti-bearing slag is 92.41%. The optimum conditions for hydrolyzing experiments are an H+ concentration of 0.75 g·L−1, hydrolyzing temperature of 100 °C, and hydrolyzing time of 180 min, and the hydrolyzing rate of titanium in acid leaching liquor is 96.80%. After the leaching and hydrolyzing experiments, the recovery rate of titanium from the Ti-bearing slag is 89.45%.


This paper presents a nonintrusive method for estimating field efficiency of inverter-fed induction motor at various operating frequencies and loads using only a set of data from field measurement. The performances of motor such as torque and efficiency can be estimated by using measurement data coupled with the use of genetic algorithm based on the modified motor equivalent circuit concept. The 2.2 and 4.0 kW motors fed by inverter were tested in laboratory under frequencies of 30, 40, 50, and 60 Hz. The subway tunnel ventilation fan motors controlled by variable speed drive were also on-site investigated. The estimated performances found to give a better correlation over a wide range of speeds and loads.


A function generator circuit using positive type second-generation current-controlled current conveyors [CCCII+]-based voltage mode non inverting band-pass filter (BPF) as a starting building block is proposed. A direct feedback path from the output to the input of the BPF is provided to obtain a sinusoidal oscillator. Then, [CCCII+(2)] of the sinusoidal oscillator is replaced by multioutput current-controlled current conveyor [(MOCCCII(2)]and a MOCCCII-based integrator is cascaded to a Z+-terminal of a MOCCCII+(2) to obtain the complete circuit of the proposed function generator. It can simultaneously provide sinusoidal voltage / current outputs, square and triangular voltage outputs. The function generator enjoys attractive features such as use of grounded capacitors, wide range electronic tunability, load insensitive current outputs, low sensitivity figures and suitable for modern IC technologies. The proposed circuit is designed and verified by using level 3, 0.5 µm CMOS Spice model of MOCCCII.


The data decompression device and asymmetry correction apparatus of an optical disc reproducing system is disclosed. The data recovery of the optical disc reproducing system from an RF signal read from the disk to recover the data written to the disk device is an analog that generates the converted RF signals digital, and the digital conversion signal in response to the sampling clock signal as a digital RF signal / to digital converter, a decoding the digital RF signal by the Viterbi decoding method, and adding the Viterbi decoder, a digital RF signal having a predetermined number of successive occurring in the vicinity of the reference voltage generated as restored to a decoded bit stream data and the added to obtain the results as a phase error between the RF signal and the sampling clock signal, the adaptive phase correction and corresponding to the control voltage sampling clock phase correction of the sampling clock signal to vary the frequency of the signal for generating a control voltage corresponding to the phase error characterized in that it comprises a voltage controlled oscillator for generating and, RF signal When passing the digital conversion of the voltage based on the digital RF signal, the I / adding hugap to accurately extract the phase error and the reference voltage error and thereby compensate for the phase and the reference voltage according to it and to restore the correct data, which speed even using a digital filter having a cut-off frequency not related, so there is an effect that the implementation and control of filters easy.


This study examines the long run as well as the short run impacts of trade openness on economic growth of the UAE between the years 1980 to 2014. For this purpose, this study applied ARDL approach. To check the robustness of the initial long run relationships the study adopted three long run tests, namely, the dynamic OLS (DOLS), Fully Modified OLS (FMOLS), and the canonical cointegration regression (CCR). The estimation shows that the trade openness positively contributes in the economic growth of UAE in both long run and short run. Results of FMOLS, DOLS, and CCR suggest that the results are robust. Our results in general go in line with wider literature on the determinants of economic growth. Findings show that electricity consumption and degree of trade openness prove to be the main drivers to economic growth.  From the findings it is concluded that the government should aim to adopt export promotion strategy to enhance the economic growth in the country.


This study focused on the digitisation of records and archives at two selected state universities in Zimbabwe, namely Zimbabwe Open University (ZOU) and Harare Institute of Technology (HIT). The specific objective was to evaluate the legal and statutory frameworks for managing the digitisation of records and archives at the state universities. The legislative and statutory imperatives in Zimbabwe, the exponential growth in digitised records and archiving in the state universities and the lack of capacity of records personnel with regard to the management of digital records and archives, motivated this study. The records of the state universities are stored on network servers that the university can access. However, individual users are often able to copy or move them to individual desktops and portable devices that are beyond the university's control. The study adopted a mixed methods convergent parallel research design and collected data through questionnaires and interviews. The data collection instruments provided both quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data were analysed using the SPSS analytical software package, while qualitative data were organised into broad themes and the content reported in narrative form. The findings were that both respondents and participants understand the records management functions in their universities and both state universities are busy creating policies and procedures for the digitisation of records and archives in their business transactions. The findings further indicated that the two state universities were digitising their records and archives using untrained personnel. Legislation, policies, and standards and procedures were not enforced. This exposed the materials to major threats and risks in terms of their integrity, security and authenticity. The study recommended that there the legal and statutory frameworks must be formulated, implemented and enforced to cater for the digitisation of records and archives at state universities in Zimbabwe.


This Applied Optics feature issue focuses on plasmonic diffractive optics and imaging. Six contributed papers were selected in the fields of plasmonic imaging, metamaterials, waveguides, and plasmonic beam focusing.


Eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF‐5A) is the only protein in nature that contains hypusine, an unusual amino acid residue formed posttranslationally by deoxyhypusine synthase and deoxyhypusine hydroxylase. Although the eIF‐5A gene is essential for cell survival and proliferation, the precise function and localization of eIF‐5A remain unclear. In this study, we have determined the subcellular distribution of eIF‐5A by indirect immunofluorescent staining and by direct visualization of green fluorescent protein tagged eIF‐5A (GFP‐eIF5A). Immunofluorescent staining of the formaldehyde‐fixed cells showed that eIF‐5A was present in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Only the nuclear eIF‐5A was resistant to Triton extraction. Direct visualization of GFP tagged eIF‐5A in living cells revealed the same whole‐cell distribution pattern. However, a fusion of an additional pyruvate kinase (PK) moiety into GFP‐eIF‐5A precluded the nuclear localization of GFP‐PK‐eIF‐5A fusion protein. Fusion of the GFP‐PK tag with three different domains of eIF‐5A also failed to reveal any nuclear localization of the fusion proteins, suggesting the absence of receptor‐mediated nuclear import. Using interspecies heterokaryon fusion assay, we could detect the nuclear export of GFP‐Rev, but not of GFP‐eIF‐5A. The whole‐cell distribution pattern of eIF‐5A was recalcitrant to the treatments that included energy depletion, heat shock, and inhibition of transcription, translation, polyamine synthesis, or CRM1‐dependent nuclear export. Collectively, our data indicate that eIF‐5A gains nuclear entry via passive diffusion, but it does not undergo active nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. J. Cell. Biochem. 86: 590–600, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Jabiru Metals Ltd is planning to raise $11.5 million for the fast track development of the Bentley base metals prospect near Leonora in Western Australia. The Bentley prospect has been Jabiru's main exploration focus for the last six months after the delivery hole was drilled in November 2009.


An adaptive nonlinear inversion method based on the Riccati equation in the dispersive inverse‐scattering problem is presented for synthesizing both single and coupled nonuniform transmission lines (NTLs) with arbitrary lobe‐like backward responses. In this method, the specified responses of those lines are first shaped by an optimum perturbation of inherent null points in the electrical‐length domain, and then sampled to straightforwardly determine the corresponding modal impedance profiles, hence avoiding the step‐by‐step segmentation process and overall optimization routines that plague most inversion schemes supporting non‐TEM modes. Some transformers and filters with controlled responses are illustrated for generality. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 38: 52–56, 2003


Fun thinkers book  learning media is a collection of several game sheets packaged in a set of books full of educational activities, and quizzes to hone students' thinking skills and make learning activities more enjoyable. Fun thinkers book learning media has several advantages such as encouraging students to participate in learning, focusing attention, increasing student activities and learning outcomes. Thisresearch is a type of research and development (Research and Development) that uses the ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) development model. This study aims to develop fun thinkers book learning media on Invertebrata material as a valid, practical, and effective learning media. The product developed is in the form of a fun thinkers book learning media which is tested through validity tests, practicality tests, and effectiveness tests. The subjects of this study were students of class X Science 2 SMA Negeri 12 Bone which totaled 25 people. Research instruments in the form of validation sheets to obtain product validity data, questionnaires of student and educator responses to obtain product practicality data, and learning outcomes test items to obtain product effectiveness. The results of the research showed that the fun thinkers book learning media on the Invertebrata material developed had a validity level of 3.63 with a very valid category. Assessment of student responses and educator responses with practicality levels is in the practical category with an average total score of 4.8. The test of student learning outcomes using fun thinkers book learning media on Invertebrata material is categorized as very effective because it reaches 92% of the completeness value. So that the fun thinkers book learning media that is worth using because it meets the criteria of being valid, practical, and effective


Asset Management of Australian road infrastructure is a $2 billion business. With such a large investment of tax and rate payer's money, efficient delivery of services will continue to be under the microscope into the 21st century. Benchmarking is one tool that helps to identify improved practices that should lead to reduced long term costs. The paper will outline the trends in road asset management, the pre-requisites for successful benchmarking, report some general findings and summarise the success factors that should be exhibited by best practice road asset managers. The role of benchmarking in a competitive tendering strategy is also discussed. The paper draws on a number of Australian and international benchmarking studies for infrastructure managers that have been completed by the consulting firm Booz-Allen and Hamilton. While the paper is framed in the context of road asset management, the findings can be adapted for use in other areas.


Numerical simulations of the unsteady supersonic flow through two-dimensional external compression intakes were performed. The simulations with Euler equations reached to a persistently oscillatory state in subcritical range below some value of the mass flow rate. The frequency of the simulated flow increased with the decrease in the mass flow rate. The intake flows with different inlet Mach numbers, ramp angles and subsonic diffuser area ratios were simulated to examine the effect of those parameters on both of the criteria and frequency of the shock oscillation. The simulations with NavierStokes equations using a low Reynolds number kepsilon turbulence model were also performed, the results of which were compared to the experimental data recently obtained in a supersonic wind tunnel. The shock oscillation frequency predicted by the numerical simulation agrees well with the experimentally obtained frequency, both of which increased with the decrease in the mass flow rate.


A high-speed transconductance-C-opamp integrator using a current-feedback amplifier is proposed. The integrator has good frequency response compared with a conventional transconductance-C-opamp integrator using a voltage-feedback amplifier. The current-feedback amplifier shifts the second pole of the proposed integrator to the upper frequency. The frequency is proportional to the current gain of the current-feedback amplifier. The proposed integrator can eliminate effects of the parasitics at the output node of the transconductance since the voltage at the node is fixed. One of the circuit examples of the proposed integrator is shown. Its validity is confirmed through HSPICE simulations. The proposed integrator works as predicted up to 260 MHz.


The phase boundary between two high-pressure phases (ortho I and ortho II) of ZrO/sub 2/ was obtained by synthesis experiments using a 6-8 anvil-type device. The phase boundary was linearly approximated, its slope being +400 K/GPa. The phase with cotunnite (PbCl/sub 2/) structure (ortho II) appeared above 15 GPa. A single phase of Y-doped ZrO/sub 2/ with the cotunnite structure was also synthesized, but the stabilized tetragonal phase remained unchanged after the treatments at conditions where the ortho I phase forms in pure ZrO/sub 2/.


Abstract An analysis is made of heat and mass transfer in a three dimensional flow between two vertical porous plates through a porous medium. Analytical solutions have been obtained using the perturbation technique. The effect of non-dimensional parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration field are shown graphically. It is seen that the main flow velocity decreases with an increase in both the radiation parameter and Schmidt number but increases with an increase in the thermal Grashoff number, mass Grashoff number as well as the permeability parameter. Variations of the shear stress at the left plate are given in a tabular form. It is seen that the shear stress due to the primary flow at the left plate increases with an increase in the Reynolds number but decrease with an increase in the Schmidt number. With the increase of both the radiation parameter and Reynolds number the temperature decreases. The concentration field also decreases with an increase of the Schmidt number. Variations of mass flux at the left plate are given in tabular form. It is seen that the mass flux at the left plate increases with increase in both Schmidt number or Reynolds number.


Once upon a time gathering grounds the prophet lamplighters the guilds are forged the guide the explorer the pathfinder into the country the garden path the lost city the attempt on the summit the descent quietly home Californian idyll Ruskin in the mid-west northern roots the central problem postscript - looking back.


In this work, a 4 Gerbera flowers subtypes are classified according to their color components in petals and in the center. We proposed first the preprocessing of each image acquired in real scenario, the preprocessing is realized in two steps, the first is to crop each flower to create a database with the tag of each subtype, the second consist in removing the background using color space transformation to Hue and filter the image according to some specific values. With all the images a decision tree is created with the 70% of the images in each category, the first rule consists of identify the highest value in the histogram, if this value corresponds to green range or orange range the classification is done, nevertheless if the value corresponds to pink, the enclosing circles are estimated, then the color into the smallest circles defined the classification. The evaluation is performed using the last 30% of the images in each category, the classification will be positive if the correct subtype is predicted, if not the classification will be negative, nevertheless the classifier could predict no class based on any existence of the flower, or different flower, in this case if non-class is predicted over a different flower the classification will be positive, if not the classification will be negative. The results obtained in each category are showed in the next list, first is the name of each subtype, followed by the percentage of positive classifications. Gerbera Renato (95%), Gerbera Marinilla (99%), Gerbera Chiper (85%), Gerbera Rio Negro (78%), None/Different (74%).


The "Better Citizen Attention" Strategy - MAC proposes the development of multiple attention channels so that citizens can realize their procedures in one place. This governmental initiative is aligned with the new trend of public management, which is focused on the citizen. That means a change in how organizations provide their services, which are the result of analysis and understanding of the needs of the citizens. This article describes and analyzes the MAC Strategy and identifies what factors should be promoted and/or strengthened in order to consolidate it as model service focused on the citizens. Although MAC has accomplishment important achievements by reducing the time and costs of the citizens, it is still pending to develop essential technical and political factors.


Parsons, Mikeal C. Body and Character in Luke and Acts: The Subversion of Physiognomy in Early Christianity. Waco, TX: Baylor University Press, 2011. 191 pp. $29.95, paper. 978-1-6025-8380-1. In this ground-breaking work, Mikeal Parsons explores physiognomic details in Lukan texts that most scholars overlook. He show how physical deformities were perceived in the first century and how the Lukan Jesus challenges the barriers of his time.


The Cultural Heritage and in particular the Documentary, deteriorates as a result of its interaction with people and the environment fundamentally. It is part of the culture and memory of the nations, so their preservation is essential. In the world many countries dedicate financial and human resources in the preservation of this heritage for their better management; Cuba is not exempt from this. For more than 15 years, several Cuban institutions, among which is the National Archive of Cuba (ARNAC), have been conducting technological innovation research with a view to such preservation. The objective of the work is to share the experience of the ARNAC from the different technological innovation projects that it has been executing since 2006. During this period we have worked on two fundamental lines of research that complement each other, one related to the diagnosis of environmental conditions and their influence on the deterioration of documentary heritage and human health, and the other is intended to use plant products to curb environmental fungal contamination in archives and the biodeterioration of paper documents. This has generated five institutional projects, four of international collaboration and close to seven other international projects. As a result, more than 80 papers have been presented at national and international events, more than 40 scientific articles have been published in national and international journals, ten university theses, two master's theses and one PhD have been tutored.


Effects of maternal exposure to nonylphenol (NP) on growth and development of the female reproductive system and uterine carcinogenesis in Donryu rats were investigated. Dams were administered 0, 0.1, 10 or 100 mg/kg NP daily by gavage from gestation day 2 up to the day before weaning. The treatment with NP did not influence the reproductive ability of the dams. In their female offspring, there were no significant effects on the reproductive system such as uterine growth and development, vaginal opening, and hormonal secretion until puberty. Moreover, NP had no apparent influence on estrous cyclicity after maturation, morphology of the reproductive organs, and uterine carcinogenesis initiated by N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Regarding biotransfer of NP, the chemical was detected at low levels in the milk of dams given NP at 10 and 100 mg/kg/day in a dose-dependent manner, but not in the serum. In the offspring also, NP was not detected in the liver in any of the treated groups. Taken together, maternal exposure of rats to 0.1 - 100 mg/kg NP did not have any effects on the female reproductive system of offspring from puberty up to 15 months of age. NP at 10 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg doses was transferred from dams to their offspring via the milk, but with these doses no accumulate in the liver of offspring was evident.


This paper introduces the concepts and structure of data warehouse,comp ares the differences between the data warehouse and the database,and explores th e statistic information system based on data warehouse and its related technique s by using a concrete example.


Resistance to ibrutinib (PCI-32765) is uncommon and not well described. Here we describe a 78 year old Caucasian man with a long standing history of CLL originally diagnosed in 2004. He was treated at the James Cancer Hospital and Fellow Research Institute at the Ohio State University since that time and received multiple regimens including fludarabine and Rituxan based regimens under the care of John Byrd, MD. He progressed and more recently was on the clinical trial of ibrutinib for relapsed CLL, which he tolerated well and to which he had an excellent response for nearly 2 years. The patient developed resistance to ibrutinib and was taken off study. According to Dr. Byrd, DNA sequencing revealed a V600 mutation (personal communication). The patient was subsequently enrolled on a clinical trial of carfilzomib, to which he did not respond and developed increasing leukocytosis with increasing numbers of prolymphocytes and transformation to B-cell PLL. He was treated with single agent ofatumumab with transient responses and rapid regrowth. He was then referred to the clinic at the Penn State Hershey State College satellite facility for care closer to his home.

Ibrutinib is a novel oral inhibitor of the bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) which is a member of the Tec family of kinases and is downstream of the B-cell receptor. A Phase 1b-2 study of ibrutinib in patients with relapsed or refractory CLL or small lymphocytic lymphoma was recently conducted. Treatment with Ibrutinib was associated with durable remissions in this population including those with high-risk genetic mutations (Byrd et al NEJM 2013;369:32-42).

We have previously shown that immunotherapy combined with epigenetic pharmacotherapy is a feasible strategy in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and CLL in a phase 2 study (NCT 00764517) initiated by Epner and colleagues (Spurgeon et al 2012 ASH abstract 3675, Hasanli et al 2013 AACR LB-140) in which a 100% response rate was observed in untreated mantle cell lymphoma using SAHA (Vorinostat), cladribine and Rituxin (SCR). Based on these results, we proposed a treatment strategy which would employ the same epigenetic pharmacotherapy of SAHA and cladribine in combination with the immunotherapy of ofatumumab. Dr. Byrd agreed with our treatment strategy.

Therefore, the epigenetic drugs, SAHA and cladribine combined with ofatumumab were initiated to try to overcome resistance mediated by epigenetic mechanisms as a means to improve therapeutic efficacy.The patient received 5 days of SAHA (400mg PO daily) and cladribine (5mg/m2) and continuied to receive ofatumumab (2000mg IV), and had a dramatic decline in his white blood count from 230 K/uL to 25 K/uL over a period of 10 days.

![Figure][1]

After 3 cycles of our epigenetic immunotherapy, he achieved a complete hematologic remission which is sustained for nearly 12 months. He receives ofatumumab maintenance therapy (2000mg IV every 60 days).

Here, we have used ofatumumab in combination with epigenetic pharmacotherapy in a ofatumumab refractory patient with CLL who acquired a 17p deletion to overcome ibrutinib resistance.

The mechanism of resistance to ibrutinib in this case and others has not been determined, but sequencing studies carried on in the lab of Dr. Byrd (personal communication) reveal the BRAF V600E mutation.

We describe here a patient with CLL who progressed through multiple therapies including ibritunib who achieved a complete hematologic response with the combination of SAHA, cladrbine, and ofatumumab. In this case, epigenetic modulation with pharmacologic intervention consisting of a hypomethylating agent in combination with a histone deacetylase may have enhanced the activity of ofatumumab and overcame ibrutinib resistance. Furthermore, our data suggests that the combination of epigenetic agents with monoclonal antibodies should be studied and that epigenetic agents are potentially capable of activating multiple silenced genes in different pathways. The epigenetic approach and use of hypomethylation agents in CLL deserve further investigations. This particular case demonstrates that (by current standards) a most promising drug (Ibrutinib) has some failures and the epigenetic approach may provide a strategy to salvage these patients.

Disclosures: Sharma: Celgene: Consultancy, Employment. Off Label Use: Cladribine: approved for Hairy Cell Lymphoma (HCL), used here to treat B-CLL Vorinostat: approved for Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma (CTCL), used here to treat B-CLL.

 [1]: pending:yes


Most criminological theory is cast at either the macro or micro level. Developmental and integrated theories are an exception as they combine community characteristics such as neighborhood poverty with micro-level processes. What remains lacking, however, is attention to labor market conditions. The authors address this gap by testing a contextual model that links local labor market structure, adolescent attachments, and violent delinquency. Analyses draw from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Our findings suggest that low-wage, service sector employment opportunity directly increases the likelihood of violent delinquency. A small proportion of this effect is mediated by school achievement and attachment. The low-wage service sector effect uncovered remains when important micro-level processes including prior violence are controlled. The authors conclude by discussing the persistent low-wage service sector effect, the intervening processes we do uncover, and implications for future theoretical development and research on local labor markets.


Purpose:An artificial somatic autonomic reflex arc was established in 30 spina bifida patients with neurogenic bladder for controllable voiding.Methods:A total 30 patients with bladder and bowel dysfunctions caused by spina bifida underwent limited laminectomy and ventral root microanastomosis since 2 000. The urodynamic evaluation was performed before and after surgery. 13 patients had been followed up for at least one year.Results:Four of 7 cases with areflexia bladder gained bladder control and automatic micturition ability within 6 months and 1 year after surgery. The average detrusor pressure increased from ( 1.37 ± 0.78 ) kPa (1 kPa= 0.098 cmH 2O) to ( 3.14 ± 1.67 ) kPa. All 6 cases with hyperreflexia bladder achieved controllable voiding, whose residual urine decreased from (102±39) ml to (22±15) ml and the detrusor external sphincter dyssynergia (DESD) disappeared. All patients with good bladder control gained satisfactory rectum function. Lower limb motor function damage was minimal.Conclusions:An artificial somatic central nervous system autonomic reflex arc can be established surgically for patients with spina bifida to recover their bladder and bowel functions.


Compound Options are Exotic Derivatives Instruments that can be used to minimize the degree of investment risk, inhedging and speculative strategies which makes them Cheaper than the plain vanilla options and highlyleveraged.From the traditional Robert Geske (1979) and Rubistein (1991) methods of compound options valuation(which simply assumed Normality) to Monte Carlo simulations method of valuation (which transform n –simulations of uniform variables into Normal Variables) were all underestimate (overestimate) the compound optionsprices because of the simple Normality Assumptions that governed the formulation of the models or process.Aboveall they lag the incorporation of Fat – Tailed Effects of returns on compound options underlying assets' probabilitydistributions to enable them capture the popular Black Swan Events as propagated by Nassim N. Taleb and otherprofessional risk management associations like PRMIA.However, in this paper, the Author attempted to incorporatefat – tailed effects into the models using Jameel's Contractional and Expansional Stress Methods so as to enablethem precisely traces the trajectories of the Past and Future Black Swan events to avoid reoccurrences of futureeconomic and financial crises related to exotic options more often otherwise makes the existing models more reliable,robust, sophisticated and holistic. Finally, the proposed Jameel's Advanced Stressed Exotic Options Pricing Modelsare expected to dramatically increase the markets Confidence and drastically decreases the markets Risks.


Effective reading, mathematics, and science instructional strategies for English language learners with disabilities participating in state accountability assessments are identified by educators of these students. Hmong students with disabilities indicate the importance of various strategies for their learning in a standards-based, assessment-driven environment. For 72 educators, reading, then math, is seen as the highest importance content area, whereas for 25 students, mathematics, then reading, is seen as the highest importance content area. Several specific instructional strategies are identified as effective through the Multi-Attribute Consensus-Building process, although some variability emerges. Curriculum-based probes have considerable variability in educator weightings, but students weight them as important, feasible, and frequently used. Native language is not frequently mentioned and not particularly supported by students. Implications for further research are discussed.


Author(s): Levin, Rachel | Advisor(s): Nguyen, Quyen T; Kadonaga, James T | Abstract: This thesis presents an optimized triple modality reporter combining genes for a far-red fluorescent protein (E2-Crimson), enhanced firefly luciferase enzyme (Luc2), and truncated wild type herpes simplex virus I thymidine kinase (wttk). This schematic allows for sensitive, long-term tracking of tumor growth in vivo by fluorescence, bioluminescence, and positron emission tomography. This triple reporter improves on previous designs in three ways. 1) The shorter wavelength green fluorescent protein (GFP) or monomeric red fluorescent protein (mRFP1) has been replaced with E2-Crimson to increase penetration of fluorescence signal through mammalian tissues. 2) Firefly luciferase (fLuc), Renilla luciferase (hrl), or mutant thermally stable firefly luciferase (mtfl) has been replaced by Luc2, a codon optimized firefly luciferase for increased expression in mammalian cells and detection of single cells by bioluminescence. 3) Self-cleaving viral 2A sequences separate each component, ensuring equal stoichiometry of the reporter genes without requiring protein fusion or the use of internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) sequences. Cleavage between each protein gene product allows for proper protein folding, trafficking, and full activity of each modality. This optimized triple reporter construct was cloned into a second-generation lentiviral vector, and a lentivirus was produced. Two human cancer cell lines were virally transduced with the triple reporter construct, and expression of all three modalities was confirmed in both cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Finally, the therapeutic responses of the MDA231 human breast cancer cell line to the chemotherapeutic agents monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) and monomethyl auristatin F (MMAF) were successfully quantified in vivo by optical imaging of the optimized triple modality reporter. This is the first reported use of both fluorescence and bioluminescence signals from a multi-reporter construct to measure drug efficacy in vivo.


Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) positional data from northeast United States fisheries were used to validate the statistical area fished and stock allocation of commercial landings derived from mandatory Vessel Trip Reports (VTRs). A gear-specific speed algorithm was applied to 2004 – 2006 VMS data from the otter trawl, scallop dredge, sink gillnet and benthic longline fisheries to estimate the location of fishing activity. Estimated fishing locations were used to allocate the landings of eight federally managed species to stock areas: Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea), winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus), windowpane flounder (Scophthalmus aquosus), goosefish (Lophius americanus), silver hake (Merluccius bilinearis) and red hake (Urophycis chuss). Haul location and catch data from the Northeast Fisheries Observer Program (NEFOP) were used to assess the relative accuracy of both VMS and VTR allocation methods. Overall, the mean VMS – NEFOP agreement rate was 86.4 ± 7.6 % compared to a mean VTR – NEFOP agreement rate of 58.5 ± 4.9 %. The VMS algorithm had a tendency (approx. 10 % of all trips) to overestimate the number of statistical areas fish such that when all fishing activity from a given trip occurs in a single statistical area, VTRs more accurately reflected the true fishing location. However, on trips where fishing activity occurred in multiple statistical area, the VMS algorithm showed pronounced gains (77.2 ± 11.2 % NEFOP agreement) relative to VTR reports (12.0 ± 5.9 % NEFOP agreement). The VMS method achieved distributions of stock landings closer to NEFOP estimates in 18 out of 24 instances (8 species over 3 years). The stock allocations from both the VMS and VTR-based methods were within ± 5 % for all stocks, suggesting that the impacts on total stock allocations are relatively minor. However, these small differences represent major relative differences for less abundant stocks such as southern New England/mid-Atlantic yellowtail where in 2005 the VTR-based method allocated 61.9 % more landings relative to the VMS-based method. The VMS-based method is not a replacement for the VTR-based method; however, it can, and should, be used as a tool to identify those vessels where targeted outreach activities would improve the accuracy of VTR statistical area reporting.


Critical Edition and commentary of cantiga A277, Sennor fremosa, pois me vej'aqui. The poem is preserved without attribution only in the Cancioneiro da Ajuda and the comparison with the most complete Galician-Portuguese manuscripts of Colocci (B and V) does not allow identification of the author with certainty. Although Antonio Resende de Oliveira has proposed attributing A277 to Afons'Eanes do Coton, the results of the stylistic analysis carried out in the second part of this paper do not confirm the hypothesis of the Portuguese scholar.


The present study aims to explore the perspectives and adaptation levels of mobile device retailers towards omnichannel and to determine the benefits offered by the approach for the customers. The study adopts a explorative method, using qualitative research methods and semi-structured interview technique. This method has been used to unravel the benefits for the customer in mobile device market in a explorative approach. In this respect, we aimed to interview representatives with a certain degree of awareness about omnichannel and mobile devices from a smart phone manufacturer based in Turkey using purposive sampling method. As a result, interviews have been made with 4 people from the department of Smart Phone, Mobile and IOT Devices Marketing and Product Manager, E-Commerce Specialist and Retail Marketing and Customer Experience Development. The fact that the interviews have been made with people selected by purposive sampling method, included only one firm and thus has excluded a significant portion of the sampling, are the limitations of the study. Results reveal that the primary benefit of mobile devices is increasing the interaction between the customers of all other markets in terms of omnichannel integration. Furthermore, various factors such as customer-oriented behavior of firms, time, space and decreasing risk offer benefits for the customers. On the other hand, the fact that omnichannel infrastructure is not still well established causes a problem: the customers cannot be perceived as a single customer in each channel. It has been observed that omnichannel infrastructure has to be improved to maximize the benefits for the customers and firms, which will in turn, provide a win-win situation. Jel Codes: L81, M31, M10 Keywords: Omnichannel, retail, mobile devices, e-commerce, consumer


Lanthanum hexaboride(LaB6) has been widely used for all kinds of large density electron source as it has unique emission characteristics,but the preparation of LaB_x thin films has not deeply studied.In this paper LaB_x films were prepared by electron beam evaporation method on a Ta ribbon,their surface morphologies were observed by SEM,and the atomic compositions of the films were measured by XPS.The films show excellent emission characteristics,the work function of the films was measured by thermal emission,which is obtained to be 2.64 eV by Richardson line method.


Thermodynamic stabilities of ${\mathrm{Be}}_{6\char21{}13}$ microclusters have been studied using Monte Carlo simulation and an ab initio many-body potential. The mean-square fluctuation of the interparticle distance and the heat capacity were monitored as a function of temperature to illustrate thermal softening of these microclusters. The melting temperatures were found to be a strongly nonmonotonic function of size with ${\mathrm{Be}}_{6}$ and ${\mathrm{Be}}_{13}$ exhibiting unusual thermal stability while ${\mathrm{Be}}_{9}$ and ${\mathrm{Be}}_{12}$, on the other hand, were found to undergo structural transition at fairly low temperatures as a precursor to melting.


Computing environments of the future should satisfy two competing requirements: first, users should be able to take full advantage of the capabilities, devices and resources available at each location. Second, users should be free to focus on their real tasks, rather than being distracted by dealing with the configuration and reconfiguration of computer systems to support those tasks. Unfortunately, the ways in which Ubiquitous Computing systems are currently built do not address those two competing requirements satisfactorily: some approaches do a good job at addressing one of the requirements, but do a poor job at addressing the other. I propose to investigate a new approach to reconciling the two competing requirements. The approach is based on the explicit representation of user tasks and associated intent. Such descriptions are exploited at run time by an infrastructure that automatically configures the environment on behalf of the user. In this thesis I will address two central challenges entailed by this approach: first, defining a task description language for this purpose; and second, building an infrastructure that exploits such task descriptions.


Pain medicine has evolved into a subspecialty of its own, separate from anesthesia, and is defined as "the discipline of medicine devoted to the diagnosis and treatment of pain-related disorders, principally with the application of interventional techniques in managing acute, chronic, persistent, and intractable pain, independently" [1]. It continues to develop as a medical field in the spotlight. Moreover, the unprecedented development and progress in the management of pain, specifically utilizing these interventional techniques, heralded the evolution of interventional pain management cited by or through the Korean Journal of Pain (KJP). Of particular interest are researches that re-examine the anatomical structures that may be meaningful in relation to the cause of pain or its treatment [2-5]. A good example is research that examines exact anatomical locations with the current status of clinical practice, such as the study on the positions of stellate ganglion [6]. In the past, research on the location of the cervical sympathetic ganglion was published which categorized it as a structure of little significance to anatomists [7]. However, the development of new techniques and devices is reemphasizing its clinical significance by presenting new injection target points, different from those previously known [8,9]. The authors, each with more than 20 years of experience in the field of pain medicine or human anatomy, discovered interesting facts in their conversation [4]. They found differences in the perceptions of the clinical significance of a particular anatomical structure, and came to the conclusion that these differences were more common than they had previously thought. There are definite differences between the anatomical structures found in the textbooks and what is actually encountered in clinical practice. The beginnings of this difference are found in a major reference textbook. The anatomical structures are described in more detail in this textbook or the other literature used by anatomists, as compared with the references that are mainly used by pain physicians. Moreover, there are differences in experience and perspective in both fields of expertise (Fig. 1). Studies that incorporate the convergence of clinicians and anatomists' views in approaches to specific anatomical structures may provide more diverse background


Orchidaceae family has huge therapeutic potential. Orchid plants are utilised as therapeutics since ancient times. Various plants of Orchidaceae are used as Antimicrobial, Anti inflammatory, Antioxidant, Anticancer, Antipyretic, Antimutagenic, Anticonvulsive, Antihelmintic, Antihepatotoxic, Wound healing, Anti platelet, Antidiabetic, Antiallergic, Immunomodulatory, Anti aging, Pain relieving, Antiviral, Herbicidal agent etc. this activity is due to various constituents present in these plants .these are mainly Alkaloids derived from aromatic amino acids, Stilbenoids mainly Bibenzyl and Pheanthrenes, Flavonoids, Triterpenoids and steroids, Essential oils, Glycosides, Xanthones, Coumarins etc. important Genus showing therapeutic potential are Bletilla, Bulbophyllum, Coelogyne, Cremastra, dendrobium, Eria, Pholidota. Currently data on phytoconstituents and pharmacological activity have been scientifically confirmed. These plants illustrate excellent potential for further scientific studies leading to identification of leads which may result in discovery of novel compounds of therapeutic interest. We have presented important phytoconstituents along with Molecular Formula,2D structure and Pub Chem ID to ease the next scientific work.


The article is dealing with modern techniques of teaching students as well as interested parties of various courses in economic disciplines. The article covers new approaches to studying finance and financial markets. The article shows the necessity of studying finance and financial markets. The authors come up with the proposals how to improve the educational level of different categories of society. The article considers the methods of distant learning when working on the financial markets.


Judicial exposure to continuous accounts of human tragedy and misery can lead to secondary trauma which compromises psychological and physical health and reduces professional acumen. Judges may not recognize the extent to which they are affected by secondary trauma or even accept that they are at risk; but the consequences can nevertheless be severe. Additionally, problematic matters before the court are often symptomatic of even more serious or fundamental dysfunction. Neutral umpiring, just calling balls and strikes, are more often insufficient to produce long-term solutions for issues that require creative consideration and proactive approaches to prevent recurrent litigation.
Exercising judicial compassion can significantly help litigants improve, if not transform their situation. Compassion techniques, not only help judicial officers process issues, trauma and pain more effectively, but they aid judges in taking affirmative steps to alleviate the suffering of others. Demonstrating compassion also promotes increased public satisfaction with the courts and the legal system.
Scientific research demonstrates that employing compassion engages neural responses which can significantly aid in combating the insidious effects of secondary trauma and developing core resiliency. Compassion approaches can be cultivated with training and will afford judges more therapeutic and compassionate skills. Training will enable judges to craft healthier outcomes for those appearing before the court, while also helping judges to cope with distressing matters and relieve judicial trauma.


This paper studies the stability and stabilization of stochastic Linear Parameter Varying (LPV) Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy system. Concretely, the affine T-S fuzzy linearization approach is used to deal with the nonlinearity of the parameter-dependent stochastic nonlinear system and the stochastic LPV T-S fuzzy system is obtained. While bringing in the parameter-dependent Piecewise Quadratic Lyapunov Functions (PQLFs) and considering the approximation error, the stability problem and stabilization problem of the stochastic LPV T-S fuzzy system are discussed and the sufficient conditions are deduced in Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs) form.


Jet exhaust, nozzle installation, and model support interference effects on the longitudinal aerodynamic characteristics of a twin-engine fighter model were determined. Realistic jet exhaust nozzle configurations and a reference configuration with a simulated vertical-tail support were tested. Free-stream Mach number was varied from 0.6 to 1.2, and model angle of attack from 0 deg to 9 deg. The jet exhaust affected drag more than it affected lift and pitching moment. The largest effects occurred at a Mach number of 0.9 and for the afterburning mode of exhaust nozzle operation. The combined differences between the aerodynamic characteristics of the realistic and reference configurations (which were due to afterbody and nozzle contours, jet operation, and simulated reference support interference) were considerably different from those for the jet interference alone.


This paper will discuss how a forensic comparison tool can effectively assist in a forensic investigation of the metadata and data of a database installation, and an approach to handle the output of the forensic comparison tool in a forensic investigation. The metadata of a psql DBMS installation was compromised to support this statement. The relational database management system was divided into four abstract layers to separate various types of metadata and separate the metadata from the data. These four abstract layers are the data model, data dictionary, and application schema and application data layers. Code was implemented to construct a forensic tool that compares a suspect DBMS installation with a clean DBMS installation. Any discrepancies between the two DBMS installation are reported. The forensic tool considers two types of comparisons namely a file search and dump search. The file search has a three step procedure of (1) checking if all files in both installations are the same, (2) compare the md5 hashes of files that exist in both DBMS installations, (3) and compare the contents of files which are not the same. The dump search makes a dump of both DBMS installations and compares the output. The dump search is particular useful in managing discrepancies found with the file search. This paper proposes a way in which these discrepancies can be handled by considering various outcomes and scenarios. The four abstract layers make it easier to manage a forensic examination after discrepancies were reported by the forensic comparison tool. An approach is discussed on how to deal with add-ons and different versions of DBMS installations. Although the psql DBMS was used for the forensic tool, the concepts in this paper remain independent of DBMS. Keywords-component; database forensics; database metadata;


Existing literature on the effects of suicide prevention is almost entirely confined to non-controlled, non-randomised and mainly retrospective studies. These studies do not take into consideration potential biases in selection of patients for treatment: for example, the impact of non-compliance with medication or psychotherapy, multiple diagnosis, or multiple medication (1).

Another problem in these evaluations is the short follow-up period (2). This is especially relevant in individually oriented pharmacological studies, but also in other studies, if a placebo effect is suspected. The longer the follow-up period, the better it can be ascertained whether any favourable development during the intervention is due to the placebo effect or to the persistent, if declining, effects of the intervention itself.

In evaluations of suicide-preventive programmes, an experimental or naturalistic approach can be used. The classic randomised experimental design is a benchmark that is often hard to apply, due to practical and ethical reasons, in studies of the effects of suicide prevention. Unfortunately, the merits of other designs, such as quasi-experimental ones, are often judged in terms of how far they resemble experimental design, although it is known that establishing and maintaining controlled conditions is difficult in population-oriented suicide-preventive studies conducted in natural field settings, such as schools (3), workplaces (4), etc.

Granted, outcome evaluation is crucial. But process assessment is important as well. This kind of evaluation allows us to identify elements that succeed in producing the expected outcomes. Thus, we can also improve tailoring of future interventions.

In both naturalistic and experimental suicide-preventive studies, insight into the personal and professional characteristics of the persons performing interventions or providing treatment is vital (5). These characteristics have a major bearing on the outcome of preventive intervention. Unfortunately, variables of this kind are not systematically evaluated. Moreover, management of control groups in pharmacological, psychotherapeutic and population-based interventions alike is often described not at all or very inadequately.

Insufficient statistical power in studies of suicide-preventive effects is a widely acknowledged problem, but one that has been poorly tackled, owing to the various obstacles to large-scale studies. We therefore need to use results from meta-analyses based on small, non-experimental sets of material, with non-significant differences between various treatments. This is because meta-analyses of an aggregate set of material have considerably greater statistical power for demonstrating significance and, perhaps above all, because they allow more convincing 95% confidence intervals (CI) to be reported than for individual studies (6).

However, meta-analytical calculations require several small sets of studies using comparable methodology. The World Health Organization, European Office (WHO EURO) Network on Suicide Research and Prevention (7, 8) and the WHO's worldwide SUPRE (SUicide PREvention) initiative (9), with network members on the five continents, constitute a stable basis for tailoring multicentre studies of suicide-preventive activities on both the individual and the population level. In the long term, only studies performed in several countries and at several centres, applying the same methodology and knowledge in the interpretation of results, can provide answers as to which strategies and methods are effective means of preventing suicide.

Studies of natural experiments also help to document the effectiveness of suicide-preventive measures. In the former Soviet Union, for example, the greatest suicide-preventive impact for males in the 20th century was demonstrated during perestroika: the fall in alcohol consumption brought about by Gorbachev's anti-alcohol policy was followed by a 40% decline in suicide among men in the labour force in all 15 Soviet republics. In Europe, during the same period, the fall in the male suicide rate was as small as 3% (10).

However, the dominant problem in the evaluation of various suicide-preventive programmes, as I see it, is neither researchers' reluctance to tailor randomised, controlled, prospective studies with a sufficient number of subjects in intervention and control groups, nor the lack of integration of public-health measures and clinical practice. The main problem is the shortage of financial resources. This is because suicide has been a neglected problem (11), although it is among the foremost single causes of death in Europe in the 15-44 age group and the one involving the most years of life lost, and despite rising suicide rates among males aged 15-19 in Europe.

Obstacles to funding of suicide research and preventive research are rooted in the powerful taboo on suicide and the uncomfortable feelings aroused by the topic not only in laymen, but also among professionals. Suicide is associated with shame and guilt. Silence, ambivalence and neglect impede an open scientific approach to the problem (1). Ambivalent and negative attitudes towards suicide and its prevention – with prevention regarded as impossible and suicide as predestined – are widespread among politicians, health policy makers and administrative bodies responsible for approving grants. Philosophers', anthropologists' and historians' inputs, which may assist us in understanding the taboos and attitudes in our society that hinder suicide prevention, are therefore highly welcome.


Abstract : The paper is concerned with calculating the significant measures of supply effectiveness for activities which involve the resupply of reparable items (spares). The approach that is taken is to derive an expression for the number of unsatisfied demands existing for the items at a point in time. This expression can then be employed to calculate the desired measures of supply effectiveness which describe the behavior of the model. Several numerical examples illustrating the model's use are presented in the concluding part of the paper. (Author)


Many WCET analysis tools developed in academia integrate WCET analysis into program compilation, either to transform flow information extracted from the source code level to the object code level, or to perform flow analysis on a special intermediate representation. This integration increases analysis complexity, forces software developers to use a special compiler, and thus, strongly limits the usability of the tools in practice. Motivated by this limitation in the existing flow analysis approaches, this paper presents a more efficient approach, that performs flow analysis on the intermediate source code (ISC), transformed from the original source code. ISC retains the functional behavior and executability of the original source code but has a structure close to the object code. This low level structure facilitates the transformation of the flow facts, extracted from the ISC, down to the object code level. In the whole approach, no modification of standard tools is needed.


he article substantiates and analyzes the main approaches to the interpretation of economic categories "investment support" and "investment support for development". Peculiarities of investment support for domestic enterprises engaged in the production of organic products are analyzed in the article. The necessity and prospects for the development of organic production of agri-food products as an innovative direction of agrarian business are substantiated. It has been proven that the investment support of organic agricultural enterprises involves systematic management and includes several interrelated components. The expediency of determining the sources and volumes of investment resources that can be attracted by the enterprise for the production of organic products is substantiated; priority areas for the development of effective methods of using investment resources have been identified. The main types of investments aimed at the production of organic products are identified. Theoretical and practical aspects of organic production in Ukraine are considered. The main indicators of organic production by domestic producers are analyzed. The main types of organic products in Ukraine, the total number of certified enterprises, and the area involved in the production of organic products are identified. The main ecological, economic, and social advantages of organic production are described. The main factors hindering the attraction of investments in the development of organic production are investigated. The system of financial, economic, organizational, social, and legal measures that will ensure the formation of a system of investment support for the development of agricultural enterprises engaged in the production of organic products were offered.


The possibility of the EU member states to adapt copyright legislation to new circumstances and to address unforeseen issues is limited by the list of exceptions and restrictions of the InfoSoc Directive. In spite of this constraint, the EU copyright framework provides for a possibility of introduction of non-voluntary forms of collective rights management that can help to tackle some of the contemporary problems with remuneration and access.This article is an attempt to deepen the understanding of non-voluntary collective management and its possible use. First, it provides a detailed description of the French mechanism adopted for facilitating mass digitization and making out-of-commerce books available, which was implemented through a new form of collective management of copyright. Then, it examines the mechanism's compatibility with the InfoSoc Directive through comparison with the extended collective licensing.


List of tables and maps Preface Acknowledgements Abbreviations and technical terms Part 1: On the Eve 1. Building Socialism 2. The Great Patriotic War 3. The State in Wartime Part 2: Soviet Society at War 4. Mobilisation 5. Subsistence and Survival 6. The Social Order Part 3: The Productive Effort 7. Fortress of the Rear 8. Labour: The 'Ultimate Bottleneck' 9. 'In Labour as in Combat' 10. Production: The Power of Victory 11. Planning: 'The Military-Economic Staff' Epilogue Tables Important dates References Maps Index


Based on understanding of the structure and function of plate parts, these are analyzed including the data produced in the process of intelligent manufacturing and the characteristics and contents of the way of information expression in this paper. The data of the whole life cycle of plate parts is the research object combined with research status. The characteristics and functions of the text data pool are analysed. The framework of the text data pool for plate parts is constructed. The text data pool for intelligent manufacturing of plate parts is designed. A Hadoop platform is built by using Java, hive and other components. And the modules are built to achieve text data pool data fusion. A large number of data generated in the process of plate parts design and intelligent manufacturing can be analysed, processed and extracted more clearly, such as data collection, data format conversion, text disambiguation and other fusion functions, so as to achieve the purpose of data processing. These researches not only play an important role in data storage and processing, but also improve the efficiency and accuracy of plate parts design and intelligent manufacturing.


AML with translocation t(3;5) belongs to the "AML with myelodysplasia-related changes" defined in the 2008 WHO classification.1 The incidence of this balanced abnormality is less than 0.5% of AML.2 The identified breakpoints occur at 3q25.1 on chromosome 3 and at 5q34 on chromosome 5, where the nucleolar phosphoprotein nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) is located.3 At locus 3q25.1, Yoneda-Kato et al. identified a new gene, myeloid/myelodysplastic leukemia factor 1 (MLF1), and thus highlighted the fusion transcript NPM1-MLF1.4 The physiological role of MLF1 has not been well characterized. In hematologic diseases, MLF1 was found to be overexpressed in more than 25% of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in transformation phase and MDS-associated AML.5 NPM1, the partner gene of MLF1 in the t(3;5)(q25.1;q34) translocation, is better known for being affected by a 4 bp insertion in exon 12 that occurs in 30-35% of all AML cases.6

To better characterize AML with NPM1-MLF1, we report morphological, immunophenotypic, cytogenetic features, and the first description of gene mutations analysis and gene expression profiling (GEP) in this cytogenetic entity.

This study included 7 cases diagnosed between 2002 and 2011 in France; case n. 1 has been reported previously.7 The main clinical and biological characteristics of the patients studied are shown in Table 1. Molecular analysis was performed on cryo-preserved bone marrow mononuclear cells. The RT-PCR for the detection of NPM1-MLF1 fusion transcript was carried out using the primers described by Yoneda-Kato et al.4 The screening for mutations in NPM1, FLT3, CEBPA, WT1, IDH1/2, DNMT3A was performed as previously reported.8 GEP was performed in 4 patients (UPN 2, 3, 6 and 7), according to standard protocol with Genechip Affymetrix HG 133 plus 2.0 array.9

Table 1.

Clinico-biological characteristics of the 7 AML patients with t(3;5)(q25.1;q34).

The analysis of the Acute Leukemia French Association (ALFA) trials database showed a very low incidence (3 of 1333; 0.23%) of AML with NPM1-MLF1 among adult AML patients with available karyotype. This incidence is consistent with that reported by Grimwade et al. (<0.5%).10 The mean age of patients with NPM1-MLF1 was 24 years. Cytological characteristics showed that a 3-lineage dysplasia was present in the great majority of cases, both in peripheral blood and bone marrow smears. Dysmegakaryopoiesis was constantly observed, dysgranulopoiesis was associated with peroxidase deficiency in 3 cases, and dyserythropoiesis occurred in 5 of 7 cases. Flow cytometry analysis showed that blast cells were positive for the myeloid antigens CD117, CD13, and CD33. CD34 was negative in 6 of 7 patients, as frequently observed in NPM1 mutated AML.11 Cytogenetic analysis showed that the translocation t(3;5)(q25.1;q34) was present as the sole abnormality at diagnosis in all cases. The presence of the chimeric fusion transcript NPM1-MLF1 was confirmed in each case. Furthermore, all 7 cases harbored WT1 overexpression and at least one mutation (WT1 exon 7, FLT3-ITD and/or IDH2R140 mutation) was identified in the 4 adult cases (Table 1). In contrast, no mutation was found in the 3 pediatric cases. Considering age at AML diagnosis, associated gene mutations in NPM1-MLF1 positive AML seem to be similar to those in NPM1 mutated AML. DNMT3A mutations, that occur in 50-60% of NPM1 mutated AML, were not found in our cohort. GEP of AML with NPM1-MLF1 was performed searching for a specific signature associated with this translocation. In order to do this, we compared 4 patients with NPM1-MLF1 to a reference group consisting of 436 patients with AML without t(3;5). Only two probes targeting MLF1 were significantly overexpressed (P<10-10) (Figure 1A). In a second step, we performed principal component analysis using the same patient cohort and a set of 189 probes defining a robust NPM1 mutated signature (Online Supplementary Table S1). This analysis revealed that patients with AML with NPM1-MLF1 co-segregated with the group of AML with NPM1 mutations (Figure 1B). Thus, our results suggest that NPM1-MLF1 positive AML and NPM1 mutated AML may share common signaling pathways critical for leukemogenesis.

Figure 1.

Results of gene expression profiling. (A) Volcano plot representing probes with statistically significant changes in gene expression among 189 probes used in 126 AML NPM1 mutated without FLT3-ITD as control group and 4 AML with t(3;5)(q25.1;q34). The ...

Regarding clinical outcome, all patients achieved complete remission (Table 1). Four out of 7 patients died, 2 from a cause other than leukemia. The 3 patients alive are in first complete remission, and minimal residual disease based on WT1 expression and NPM1-MLF1 transcript still remains negative at last follow up. Overall, the clinical outcome of the 7 patients studied appears consistent with the intermediate prognosis recently reassessed from poor prognosis by Grimwade et al.10

In conclusion, the comparison of AML with NPM1-MLF1 and AML with NPM1 mutations showed similar immunophenotypical and molecular features, including gene mutation patterns and GEP. Our findings suggest that these two types of AML may share common signaling pathways critical for leukemogenesis. However, this hypothesis needs to be confirmed in larger patient cohorts.


Objective To make a systematic analysis of the clinical effects and safety of Sanjie analgesic capsule(SAC) in treatment of endometriosis(EMT) in order to guide clinical medication.Methods The documents and literatures of randomized controlled trials about EMT treated by SAC were searched and systematically evaluated.The qualities of all literatures were assessed according to Jadad scale,and all data were analyzed by Revman 4.2 software.Results Thirteen trials were collected according to the inclusion criteria.Meta analysis showed that the clinical efficiency rate and pregnancy rate of single SAC group were higher than those of single gonadal hormone(GH) group(P=0.002 and P=0.01),the adverse effect rate especially the rate of liver dysfunction of single SAC group were significantly lower than those of single GH group(P0.00001 and P=0.0003).As assisted treatment by SAC after laparoscopic conservative operation,there was no statistical difference between SAC group and GH group on clinical efficiency rate and pregnancy rate(P=0.52 and P=0.12),the rate of liver dysfunction of SAC group was also lower than that of GH group(P0.00001).The symmetry presented in the funnel plot suggested minor publication bias.Conclusion The SAC therapy for EMT is effective and safe.However,this conclusion needed further verification by randomized double-blind controlled trials with larger size sample and more rigorous trial design.


One of the main goals in proteomics is to extract and collect all the functional information available in existing databases in relation to a defined set of identified proteins. Due to the huge amount of data available, it is not possible to gather up this information by hand; we need to have automatic methods for addressing this task.

Protein information and knowledge extractor (PIKE) solves this problem by accessing several public information systems and databases automatically through the Internet and retrieving all functional information available on the different repositories, and then clustering this information according to the pre-selected criteria. The PIKE bioinformatics tool, accessible through http://proteo.cnb.uam.es:8080/pike, uses the Java and XML languages. Starting with a selected group of identified proteins, listed as NCBI nr, uniprot, and/or ipi (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/IPI/IPIhelp.html) accession codes, PIKE retrieves all relevant information stored in databases by choosing the correct pathway and/or the best information source.

Once the search is done, a typical PIKE output shows a report table with an entry for each protein containing all extracted information. The report contains a large amount of meaningful protein features, such as (1) function information, (2) sub-cellular location, (3) tissue specificity, (4) links with other repositories, such as Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) or Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and (5) gene ontology tree classification. The table is exportable in CSV and text file formats, and, more important, it is possible to export it in PRIDE XML (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pride/) format for results integration into the information stored in other applications such as ProteinScape.


Public sector audit is very important to be done in the form of public sector responsibility (central and local government) so that people can perform transparently in the midst of various criticisms that the existence of the public sector is not escaped from allegations as a den of corruption, collusion, nepotism, inefficiency and the source of the waste of the country. The complaint "bureaucrats