This study investigates the psycho-social characteristics of typically developing children who have siblings with autism and their sibling relationship. Children's adjustment at school, their self-esteem and social relations, as well as their friends' attitudes towards their autistic siblings were examined. Participants were 22 siblings of children with autism, aged 8–18 years, 22 mothers and 22 fathers. Parents provided demographic information, and completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Sibling Inventory of Behaviour. Data from siblings of children with autism were based on a semi-structured interview, the Self-Perception Profile for Children and Adolescents and the Siblings Problems Questionnaire. Only few typically developing siblings of children with autism exhibit emotional and behavioural difficulties. The majority of them have a good relationship with their autistic brother or sister, although they mentioned changes in their daily routines. They also seem not to be satisfied in terms of peer acceptance skills and friendships. In addition, the results of the present study provide evidence for positive parental views on their typically developing children's emotional and behavioural adjustment. These findings are important and need to be taken into account in order to assess functioning of all family members in families with autism spectrum children.


This research objective evaluate the main mechanical properties of epoxy resin, used in composite matrices. The tests carried out (according to standards of ASTM - American Society for Testing and Materials) tensile, compression, bending, Charpy and ultra-micro hardness for determining the following properties: modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, compression and bending, toughness (strain energy) and hardness. Preliminary results showed that the modulus of elasticity in compression is significantly greater than in tension, reaching a difference of more than 100%.The values of module in bending were slightly lower than in compression. This difference of stiffness between tensile and compression of the matrix phase cannot be ignored during the development of the composite. Knowledge of this behavior and allow a better orientation distribution of fibers (or particles) during the development of the composite in order to achieve optimal performance of the final product.


Communication Profile country overview [1] [2] Radio: [2] Radio is by far Sierra Leone's most accessible and used communication medium; seventy-eight percent of the population has household access to a radio, and nearly all of those who have access rely on batteries to power their radio. [3]Mobile Communications: [3] Survey findings and statistics provided by the


BACKGROUND
Frailty occurs in 10-15% of community-living older adults and inflammation is a key determinant of frailty. Though diet is a modulator of inflammation, there are few prospective studies elucidating the role of diet-associated inflammation on frailty.

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether a pro-inflammatory diet was associated with increased odds of frailty in adults from the Framingham Heart Study (FHS).

DESIGN AND METHODS
This study is nested in a prospective cohort that included individuals without frailty. Diet was assessed in 1998-2001 using a valid food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and frailty was measured in 2011-2014. FFQ-derived energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII®) scores were computed, with higher E-DII scores indicating a more pro-inflammatory diet. Frailty was defined as fulfilling ≥3 of 5 Fried Phenotype criteria. Information on potential mediators, serum interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein was obtained in 1998-2001. Logistic regression estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for E-DII (as continuous and in quartiles) and frailty onset adjusting for relevant confounders.

RESULTS
Of 1,701 individuals without frailty at baseline (mean age = 58 years, SD = 8, range: 33-81; 55% female), 224 developed frailty (13% incidence) over ∼12 years. Mean E-DII score was -1.95 (SD = 2.20; range: -6.71 to +5.40). After adjusting for relevant confounders, a one-unit higher E-DII score was associated with 16% increased odds of developing frailty (95% CI = 1.07, 1.25). In categorical analyses, participants in the highest (pro-inflammatory) vs. lowest quartile of E-DII had >2-fold increased odds of frailty (ORquartile4vs.1 = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.37, 3.60, Ptrend<0.01). Interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein were not major contributors in the pathway.

CONCLUSIONS
In this cohort of middle-aged and older adults, a pro-inflammatory diet was associated with increased odds of frailty over ∼12 years of follow-up. Trials designed to increase consumption of anti-inflammatory foods for frailty prevention are warranted.Clinical registry number and website: Not applicable.


Objective:To investigate the incidence of hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) among the newborns with jaundece. Methods:Serological determination of the 199 newborns with jaundice was performed according to the instructions of Technical manual of blood transfusion. Results:Of 199 patients,89 were serologically diagnosed as HDN,of which 85 were haemolysis of ABO blood group,4 were that of Rh blood group. Conclusion:Serological determination could benefit the patients with neonatal jaundice with early diagnosis,and improved cure rate of HDN.


We present a set of five axioms for fairness measures in resource allocation. A family of fairness measures satisfying the axioms is constructed. Well-known notions such as αfairness, Jain's index and entropy are shown to be special cases. Properties of fairness measures satisfying the axioms are proven, including Schur-concavity. Among the engineering implications is a new understanding of α-fair utility functions and an interpretation of "larger α is more fair". 1. QUANTIFYING FAIRNESS Given a vector x ∈ R+, where xi is the resource allocated to user i, how fair is it? Given a vector x ∈ R+, where xi is the resource allocated to user i, how fair is it? One approach to quantify a degree of fairness associated with x is through a fairness measure, which is a function f that maps x into a real number. Various fairness measures have been proposed throughout the years, e.g., in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]. These range from simple ones, e.g., the ratio between the smallest and the largest entries of x, to more sophisticated functions, e.g., Jain's index and entropy function. Some of these fairness measures map x to normalized numbers between 0 and 1, where 0 denotes the minimum fairness, 1 denotes the maximum fairness, often corresponding to an x where all xi are the same, and a larger value indicate more fairness. For example, min-max ratio [1] is given by the maximum ratio of any two user's resource allocation, while Jain's index [3] computes a normalized square mean. Are these fairness measures related to each other? Is one of them measures "better" than the other? What other measures of fairness may be useful? Another approach that has gained attention in the networking research community since [7, 8] is α-fairness and the associated utility maximization. A maximizer of α-fair utility function satisfies the definition of α-fairness. Two well-known examples are as follows: a maximizer of the log utility function (α = 1) is proportional fair (i.e., any change in x has a negative total normalized change), and a maxiPermission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Copyright 200X ACM X-XXXXX-XX-X/XX/XX ...$5.00. mizer of the α-fair utility function with α →∞ is max-min fair (i.e., it is impossible to increase an xi without decreasing some xj ≤ xi). More recently, α-fair utility functions have also been connected to divergence measures [9]. As in [10, 11], parameter α can be viewed as a fairness measure in the sense that a fairer allocation is one with a larger α, although the exact role of α in trading-off fairness and throughput can sometimes be surprising [12]. While it is often held as selfevident that α → ∞ is more fair than α = 1, which is in turn more fair than α = 0, it remains unclear what does it mean to say that α = 3 is more fair than α = 2? These two approaches for quantifying fairness are obviously different. Since α-fair utility functions are continuous and strictly increasing in each entry of x, maximizing them results in Pareto optimal resource allocations. On the other hand, fairness measures that maps x to a normalized range are independent to the absolute values of x. What notions of fairness or efficiency is captured by each approach? Can the two approaches be unified? To address the above questions, we develop an axiomatic approach to measure fairness. We discover that a set of five axioms, each of which simple and intuitive, can lead to a useful family of fairness measures. The axioms are: the axiom of continuity, of homogeneity, of asymptotic saturation, of irrelevance of partition, and of monotonicity. Starting with these five self-evident truths, we can generate a family of fairness measures from a generator function g: any increasing and continuous functions that lead to a well-defined "mean" function (i.e., from any Kolmogorov-Nagumo function [16]). For example, using power functions with exponent β as the generator function, we derive a unique family of fairness measures fβ that include all of the following as special cases, depending on the choice of β: Jain's index, maximum or minimum ratio, entropy, and α-fair utility, and reveals new fairness measures corresponding to other ranges of β. We note that our approach, unlike other well known axiomatic constuctions such as the Nash bargaining solution [18] and Shapley value [19], specifies a broad class of fairness measures rather than an optimality concept. This is a direct consequence of one axiom which by construction removes the concept of efficiency from fairness. However, we demonstrate that in many optimization theoretic constructions, a fairness measure is incorporated into the objective function. For example, we show that an α-fair utility function (which includes proportional fairness [7] and thus the Nash Bargaining Solution as a special case) can be factorized as the product of two components: our fairness measure with α = β and a function of the total throughput. We also


Abstract CbhA and CelK are family-9 glycosyl hydrolases (β-1,4-glucanase) isolated from the bacterium Clostridium thermocellum.1 The members of the glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family-9 have been almost exclusively endocellulolytic, with a few being processive endoglucanses (enzymes demonstrating both endo- and exocellulolytic activity).2 CbhA and CelK are the only members of the family reported to be solely exohydrolytic. We report activity assays on various substrates, soluble to insoluble reducing sugar assays, viscosity measurements, and thinlayer chromatography product analysis, which all showed that the truncated CbhA, expressed in E. coli, acts as an endocellulase, like most other family-9 glycosyl hydrolases.


The calculation of probable reliability has been developed so far more especially for electronic systems. Its application to mechanical devices is of special significance when their design is not the result of progressive evolution; such is the case with the double-stage TGV pantograph which is taken as an example of the application of the method in this article. The method employed is of the "effort-resistance" type which includes three main steps: the calculation of the effort, the determination of the resistance to the effort (using Wohler curves and the Haigh diagram) and finally the calculation of the breaking probability. The results obtained by calculation in the case of the pantograph have not yet been cross-checked with experience in service because of the pantograph's excellent performance, but they have already led to several improvements being made to components.


We propose a method for reconstructing a complex field from a series of its near-field diffraction patterns.This method is based on the paraxial Fresnel diffraction equation without making further approximations.Numerical simulations are presented showing that a complex field can even be reconstruct...


Monitoring data have shown that the total monomethylmercury (CH3Hg+ and its complexes; collectively referred as MeHg hereafter) concentrations in Arctic marine mammals have remained very high in recent decades. Toward a better understanding of the metabolic and toxicological implications of these high levels of MeHg, we report here on the molecular forms of MeHg in the muscle, brain, liver, and kidneys of 10 beluga whales from the western Canadian Arctic. In all tissues analyzed, monomethylmercury was found to be dominated by methylmercuric cysteinate, a specific form of MeHg believed to be able to transport across the blood–brain barrier. Another MeHg–thiol complex, methylmercuric glutathionate, was also detected in the muscle and, to a much lesser extent, in the liver and brain tissues. Furthermore, a profound inorganic Hg peak was detected in the liver and brain tissues, which showed the same retention time as a selenium (Se) peak, suggesting the presence of an Hg–Se complex, most likely an inorganic Hg complex with a selenoamino acid. These results provide the first analytical support that the binding of MeHg with glutathione and Se may have protected beluga whales from the toxic effect of high concentrations of MeHg in their body. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:2732–2738. © 2011 SETAC


Disease stratification in GCA is an urgent need, with patients categorised into cranial and large-vessel GCA (LV-GCA) subgroups. LV-GCA may have worse outcomes with regards relapsing disease, poor response to glucocorticoids (GC) and aortic involvement.We report a single centre experience using clinical, imaging and treatment outcomes from a specialist clinic.134 patients with LV-GCA were identified over a 10-year period at Southend University Hospital (2012-2022). Medical records were reviewed retrospectively for baseline demographics, clinical presentation, inflammatory markers, imaging (vascular ultrasound, PET-CT, echocardiography), vascular damage and treatment.There was a female predominance (female n=91). Age at presentation ranged from 46 to 86 years (median 70 years). Co-morbidities implicated in aortic disease included hypertension (n=60), hypercholestrolaemia (n=29), diabetes (n=14), aortic valvular disease (n=5) and atherosclerotic disease including coronary and carotid artery disease (n=19). Constitutional disturbance was most frequently observed presentation (70%, n=94), and the only feature for 11 patients. This was followed by cranial symptoms (62%, n=83), polymyalgia (53%, n=71), ischaemic symptoms i.e., visual disturbance or tongue/jaw claudication (24%, n=32) and cardiovascular presentations (7%, n=9). The latter included limb claudication, stroke, and aortic aneurysm. Although LV-GCA refers to extra-cranial disease, 12 patients (9%) had isolated cranial and/or ischaemic symptoms at initial presentation.Inflammatory markers were typically elevated at presentation, C-reactive protein ranged from 1-425mg/L and ESR 1-130mm. Vascular ultrasound was used at diagnosis in 93 patients, with positive temporal artery findings in 50% (n=38) and positive axillary findings in 75% (n=57). PET-CT data was available for 125 patients, of which 113 were positive for LV-GCA. Thoracic aorta FDG-uptake was seen in 77%, with 7 ascending and 1 abdominal aortic aneurysm observed. Transthoracic echocardiogram was available for 46% (n=62). Four (6.5%) patients had a dilated aortic root when indexed to height as per British Society of Echocardiography (BSE) guidelines1 (SOV (mm/m) > 21.8mm in males and > 20.7mm in females). Values for our patients were 22.6 and 21.2 mm/m for the female patients and 29.2 and 25.2 mm/m for the male patients. Furthermore, 32 patients showed some extent of diastolic dysfunction as per BSE criteria (52%).All patients received GC as part of their treatment, 60% (n=82) needing one or more DMARDs and 17% (n=23) Tocilizumab for relapsing disease. DMARDs used included Leflunomide (n=63), Methotrexate (n=18), Mycophenolate mofetil (n=3) and Azathioprine (n=1). One patient received cyclophosphamide.By combined imaging modalities, 11 patients (8%) had evidence of ascending aortic damage. Grade 1 diastolic dysfunction can be age related, so this may be association rather than causation2,3. Over half of patients had not undergone echocardiogram evaluation, so there may be a hidden burden of disease. Many patients required GC-sparing therapy, showing GC alone are often not enough to halt disease progression, and vascular damage was relatively reduced compared to historical reports. The authors feel GCA services should include standardised protocols for early DMARDs, continuing thorough assessment for LV-GCA and vascular damage, including echocardiography, progressing to cross-sectional imaging if indicated.[1]Harkness A. et al. Normal reference intervals for cardiac dimensions and function for use in echocardiographic practice: a guideline from the British Society of Echocardiography". Echo Research and Practice 7.1 (2020): G1-G18.[2]Sanders, D et al. Diastolic dysfunction, cardiovascular aging, and the anesthesiologist. Anesthesiology clinics vol. 27,3 (2009): 497-517.[3]Jakovljevic and Djordje G. Physical activity and cardiovascular aging: Physiological and molecular insights. Experimental gerontology vol. 109 (2018): 67-74.None declared


The benefits of puppetry for children in therapeutic and educational contexts are well established, with puppets shown to have improved children's learning, their relationships with adults and other children, and their self-confidence and communication. Adding to this research is an emerging body of evidence that shows the many benefits of puppets for autistic children both as a form of early intervention and as a teaching strategy in the early years of schooling. This paper examines the qualitative literature that describes the value of puppets for autistic teenagers and young people to see how the object of puppets may maintain relevance for older students in secondary school and as they transition out of school and how puppets can enhance the already established advantages seen in younger children. An online search was conducted of peer-reviewed journals through the university library, followed by an additional search using the same keywords on Google Scholar. The review highlighted the possibilities of puppetry for many educational purposes and the wellbeing of autistic adolescents and young people. Also found were a significant gap in the research and the need for further studies that apply puppetry to this diverse population.


This article provides an analysis of President Obama at mid-term. It looks at the mid-term elections from the perspective of the political issues that informed the debate, the implications of Republican control of the House of Representatives for both legislation and relations between the administration and Congress, and the policy areas where cooperation and possible progress is possible. The article looks at the Tea Party movement as a collection of single issue and multi-issue political groups ranging from 'nativists' to Christian fundamentalists to the eclectic and unprecedented combination of fiscal and social conservatives seen at Glen Beck's 'honoring America' event at the Washington Monument. This broad movement may be seen as a classical revitalization movement, not unlike those described by Anthony F. C. Wallace. It is opposed by another 'revitalization movement' namely the 'American renewal' promised by Obama as he ran for office in 2008. These countervailing narratives—in effect two different versions of America, one reflecting the Tea Party broadly conceived and the other reflecting Obama's 'promise'—are seeking political traction among independents. The implications of this struggle are momentous. The prevailing narrative will frame policy going forward on a range of domestic issues and on selected foreign policy questions, which will include the present debate on the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) with Russia and the upcoming debate on China, which will have even further reaching effects.

Finally, this article describes Obama's struggle to frame his policy successes and the ensuing debate in a favourable light. His opponents have sought to limit his progress by presenting him as 'the other", an effective but destructive technique that could have longer term effects on the domestic political discourse. However, the author remains an optimist; he believes, together with 50 per cent of Americans, the president is likable, logical and gives a good speech, and that he will be re-elected in 2012.


Open access (OA) mirror journals have been launched by Elsevier as an alternative or supplement to original non-OA journals [1]. These OA mirror journals have the same title, aims and scope, editorial board, and peer-review process as their parent journal, and are distinguished by an "X" after the name. However, because the OA mirror journals have their own ISSNs (International Standard Serial Numbers), they are completely separate journals, which does not fit with Harrison's [1] assertion that by publishing OA mirror journals, Elsevier is responding to authors' need to publish in OA journals while simultaneously not wanting to sacrifice their association with the leading journal brands in their field. Asai [2] compared 22 pairs of Elsevier's OA mirror journals with their parent journals and found that the parent journals were more preferred by authors. This essay analyses Elsevier's OA mirror journals as an experiment of one publisher, which has a dominant position in the scientific publishing market. Elsevier has set an ambitious price level for article processing charges (APCs) in these OA mirror journals. The evolution of the price level for mirror journals, compared with the evolution of the price level for APCs for other Elsevier's journals, is used to assess the success of Elsevier's experiment.


Object: To improve the results of treatment of patients with diabetic foot syndrome, including the use of collagen biomaterial. Materials and methods. We have made a multicentre study with the participation of 71 patients with diabetic foot syndrome of different severity levels. The patients were randomized into two homogeneous groups: 1) group of standard therapy (n=35); and 2) group with additional administration of collagen biomaterial (Collost/Salvecoll) (n=36). The dynamic assessment of patients was performed when including into the study and on the 7, 14 and 28 day of treatment. Results. The use of collagen biomaterial was attended by the faster and more effective healing of the ulcerative defect. The wound area decreased mainly due to reduction in its width, while the success of the treatment increased 1.7 times. The additional use of collagen biomaterial led to a significant increase in the incidence rate of complete epithelialization of the defect against the background of a reduction in the incidence rate of ineffective treatment. The correlation analysis performed has shown that a favorable result expressed in a good or complete wound/ulcer healing is associated with small defect size, Wagner II without signs of pronounced infection and ischemization and with the use of collagen biomaterial.


Papers presented at a workshop held January 1990 (location unspecified) cover just about all aspects of solving Markov models numerically. There are papers on matrix generation techniques and generalized stochastic Petri nets; the computation of stationary distributions, including aggregation/disagg


It is well known that inference on the cointegrating relations in a vector autoregression (CVAR) is difficult in the presence of a near unit root. The test for a given cointegration vector can have rejection probabilities under the null, which vary from the nominal size to more than 90%. This paper formulates a CVAR model allowing for multiple near unit roots and analyses the asymptotic properties of the Gaussian maximum likelihood estimator. Then two critical value adjustments suggested by McCloskey (2017) for the test on the cointegrating relations are implemented for the model with a single near unit root, and it is found by simulation that they eliminate the serious size distortions, with a reasonable power for moderate values of the near unit root parameter. The findings are illustrated with an analysis of a number of different bivariate DGPs.


In this paper,according to the property of engineering drawing and image,the denoising is disposed with basic theory of wavelet packets analasis, and the corresponding procedure is proposed.The engineering image denoising is realized with MATLAB software system.As the result shows,the method that removal engineering image noising is effective and viable. 


A 68-year-old man had the initial presentation of poor appetite, productive cough for 1 month and body weight loss for 10 kg in half a year. His medical history included bladder cancer and diabetes mellitus. Laboratory testing demonstrated a white blood count of 15 800 cells/μl with a neutrophil count of 11 060 (70%) cells/μl and eosinophil count of 1896 (12%) cells/μl. Chest radiography displayed left lower lobe consolidation (Figure 1A). He was treated with …


Seed borne diseases can cause serious problems in organic seed production where there is no control methods implemented in practice. Current practice in organic agriculture is to analyse the seed and to discard the seed lot if the infection by diseases exceeds the threshold levels.
There is no tolerance list specific for organic agriculture. In Denmark we use the same threshold values as recommended in conventional agriculture for seed treatment.


In this study, we use low‐coverage shotgun sequencing of genomic DNA, commonly referred to as genome skimming, to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of the fungus gnat genus Allodia Winnertz (Mycetophilidae, Mycetophilinae, Exechiini). Nineteen specimens, representing 16 in‐group and three outgroup taxa, were successfully sequenced and molecular markers of both mitochondrial and nuclear origin were retrieved. The phylogenetic analyses of 13 protein‐coding mitochondrial genes, two ribosomal mitochondrial genes and the nuclear ribosomal 18S and 28S strongly support the monophyly of its two subgenera Allodia s.s. and Brachycampta. Complete mitochondrial genomes of 15 species were assembled, which enables further comparisons with the mitochondrial genomes of other Diptera. Overall, the methodology used in this study proved successful and promising for other dipteran groups. In addition to the phylogenetic reconstruction, the morphological characters previously used to separate the two subgenera were evaluated and re‐examined. Together with the composite structure of the male genitalia, we consider details of the scutal bristles appropriate for separating the two groups. Based on the achieved results, we reinstate Brachycampta stat. rev. as a separate genus.


Objective:Meta analysis the relationship between p53 gene codon 72 polymorphim and risk of colorectal cancer development.Methods:Databases of Medline,Embase and CNKI were computerizedly searched.Odds ratio(OR) and 95% confidence interval(95%CI) were used to evaluate the strength of association between p53 gene codon 72 polymorphim and risk of colorectal cancer development.At the same time,heterogeneity between included studies and publication bias were also evaluated.Results:Total twelves case-control studies with 2459 cases of colorectal cancer and 3632 controls were included into this study.Combined analysis revealled that ORs and 95%CIs for genotypes of ArgArg,ArgPro and ProPro genotypes were [0.90;0.68-1.19],[1.04;0.90-1.21]和[1.20;0.82-1.77].Stratified analysis according different ethnics revealled that ORs and 95%CIs for genotypes of ArgArg,ArgPro and ProPro among Asians were [0.90;0.68-1.19],[1.04;0.90-1.21]和[1.20;0.82-1.77] and among Caucasians were [1.07;0.95-1.20],[0.94;0.83-1.07]和[0.91;0.70-1.17].Conclusion:This meta analysis suggested that there were no evident association between p53 gene codon 72 polymorphims and risk of colorectal cancer development.Individual with p53 gene codon 72 polymorphims did not at risk of colorectal cancer development.


Preload can improve the reliability,anti-loosening ability and fatigue strength of the bolt connection,and enhance the compactness and rigid.In the ANSYS software,it is important how to load in the model for us.If we simulated the better,then we get the better results.This article will check this theory through applying preload in different position of the same object.


This paper considers deployment control of a tethered satellite system (TSS) for rendezvousing a subsatellite with a target object orbiting at a lower altitude. Contrary to past studies that considered a linear quadratic regulator (LQR), in the present study, an LQR-based controller is designed using a pole assignment shift technique, in which the acceleration of the tether deployment or retrieval is treated as the control input and no propellant is used. For simplicity, the TSS is represented as a dumbbell model. The tether tension is calculated based on the tether state variables (tether length, tether length rate, tether angle, tether angle rate, and acceleration of the tether deployment treated as the control input) in order to confirm whether or not tether slack occurs. The experimental results show that the proposed control law contributes to reducing the difference between the desired and experimental tether librational motions.


This article examines and discusses current thinking and practice in assessing pupils' achievements in RE in England, with reference to recent trends in Agreed Syllabuses, and national initiatives to promote the use of assessment structures parallel to the English National Curriculum eight‐level scales. Some theoretical discussion of assessment drawn from educational research in a wider field than RE is applied to the particular demands of an RE curriculum that emphasises 'learning from' religion and related concepts. Consideration of attempts to describe achievements in RE on numerical scales leads the author to argue that these attempts, often based on models which are more suited to, or derived from, the learning objectives of, for example, science or mathematics, carry a tendency towards spurious claims of validity and accuracy, without providing a clear or rounded picture of what pupils have achieved in learning from religion. Tension between formative purposes and comparability purposes in assessment of RE is explored, and it is argued that comparability purposes should be set aside by RE professionals. The author uses concepts of 'rich' knowledge and 'authentic assessment' to argue in favour of approaches which are based centrally upon the application of teachers' professional judgement, using a range of assessment strategies which tend towards assembling a broad and textured picture of a pupil's achievement, accessible to pupils themselves, and used formatively in the learning process. Some examples of such approaches are described. Some lines of further research are suggested.


The preliminary design and CFD analysis of a high pressure Curtis wheel, used as a first stage in a steam turbine, are described. Starting from a thermodynamic evaluation of the process, the steam flow in the combined stage (rotor, intermediate stator row, second rotor) has been examined. At first a two-dimensional geometry, then a three-dimensional model of the two rotor blade rings has been implemented using a CAD software (SOLIDWORKS®), then simulated using a commercial CFD package (ANSYS-FLUENT®). The first guess blade profiles chosen during the initial design have then been corrected on the basis of the CFD feedback throughout several simulations in a modify-and-test procedure, in order to achieve a better stage efficiency. In particular, the aim of this paper is to explore how first attempt blade design based on velocity triangles can be improved, with the commercial CFD software ANSYS FLUENT.


Objective
We examine novel drug use in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community in the context of social learning, self-control, and strain theories.

Methods
Based on a sample of 2,349 college students, we examine novel drug use rates of LGBT participants. We then perform a series of logistic regression models to examine factors correlated with LGBT novel drug use.

Results
We find LGBT individuals have higher rates of use for novel drugs. We find that social learning constructs partially mediate the relationship between sexual orientation and novel drug use. The data did not support the hypotheses that strain or self-control mediated or acted as a moderator in this relationship.

Conclusion
We hypothesize higher LGBT novel drug use may be related to unique cultural definitions surrounding LGBT drug use and LGBT individuals being less likely to stigmatize substance use. This finding may have implications for LGBT substance use messaging and education programs.


Background: Tubal pathology is one of the major causes of infertility and evaluation of fallopian tubes forms an essential
part of work up of infertility patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate tubal patency by Saline Sonosalpingography
and compare the results with that of hysterosalpingography.
Methods: A total of 22 patients with primary infertility and 13 patients with secondary infertility attending our Obstetrics and Gynecology
department were recruited for the study from July 2019 to June 2020. All the study subjects underwent Saline Sonosalpingography on day 7 to
day 9 and Hysterosalpingography on 7th to 11th day of the menstrual cycle. Data was collected and compared to assess the sensitivity and
specicity of Sonosalpingography with Hysterosalpingography as reference standard.
Results: Sonosalpingography (SSG) has 98.18% sensitivity and 66.67% specicity in comparison to hysterosalpingography (HSG). Analysis of
the raw data gave positive predictive value of 91.52% and negative predictive value of 90.9%. Near perfect agreement (Cohen's Kappa
coefcient =0.9) was seen between the results of the two methods (SSG and HSG).
Conclusions: Sonosalpingogrpahy has a high sensitivity for tubal patency and is less invasive. It is found to be a reliable and relatively less
expensive diagnostic procedure in the management of infertility in females. Easy availability and accessibility of ultrasound in all primary health
care centres denitely can prove superior to conventional method of diagnosis of tubal patency in such patient.


In this dissertation, I survey the children's writing that was published in American periodicals across the mid-nineteenth century to understand how children came to develop a voice and a purpose in American public discourse. Though writing is one of the main artifacts that records children's historical presence, the existing scholarship focuses on the way young people have received and responded to their cultures. This dissertation works to understand how children's writing contributes to cultural change through the large-scale circulation of print. To do so, I bring forward an understudied body of material to analyze children's presence in nineteenth-century America's print public sphere; I integrate theoretical insights from children's literature studies, literacy and composition studies, and childhood studies to interpret children's writing as a historical artifact; and I combine materialist approaches from book history and the digital humanities to develop methods for reading large archives of children's writing as well as singular examples.
Ultimately, I theorize children's collective cultural influence and rhetorical agency by showing that their writing for periodicals allowed them to shape the forms of thinking and being that undergirded American subjectivities. I work with youth writing published in periodicals between 1839 and 1882: letters authored by children and circulated in newspapers because they provided eyewitness accounts of important events, amateur newspapers printed and circulated by mostly white, mostly male youths in the 1870s, and the school newspapers printed at the Carlisle Indian Industrial school in the early 1880s. These periodicals, I argue, evince a form of creative compliance, by which I mean that they give young writers a platform for subtly refiguring dominant ideas within gestures of obedience. Because children were less powerful and had less easy access to literacy and publication in the nineteenth century, they tended to write in ways that affirmed the expectations of powerful others. However, simply because children's writing is compliant does not mean it is not revealing or influential. I nuance the understanding of compliance and its effects by showing that children's choices within compliance allow them to influence the transmission and reproduction of ideas, beliefs, and ways of being.


The programme complex is designed for independent work student. The considered questions connected with his(its) building is analysed structure and composition database. It is shown that under is use this programme complex possible to raise efficiency graphic and geometry training by means of act of concentration of the whole necessary information in one place normative and reference data, as well as technological accompaniment in the manner of video, demonstrating processing the details on tool with CNC. The Results of the study are intended for using on all faculty of Samara state aerospace university (SSAU).


When a thin film of liquid is confined between parallel rigid plates and stressed in a direction normal to the plane of the film, visco‐elastic behavior is obtained provided the rate of loading is sufficiently high. The measured (apparent) complex modulus is always higher than three times the complex shear modulus (the value to be expected for shear behavior) but less than the complex bulk modulus. For sinusoidal loading, linear visco‐elastic theory predicts an approximate relationship between the measured complex modulus, the complex shear modulus, and the degree of confinement of the liquid as given by the radius/thickness ratio of the film. The ratio of the measured complex modulus to the complex shear modulus, when both are measured at the same temperature and rate of loading (frequency), is predicted to be proportional to the square of the radius/thickness ratio of the film when this ratio is greater than one. Complex modulus measurements under sinusoidal loading on a petroleum bitumen, a silicone oi...


The accurate estimation of the State of Health (SOH) and Remaining Useful Life (RUL) has been a subject of keen interest due to its impact on safety and condition-based maintenance services. A number of approaches have been proposed to tackle this problem based either on a model-driven or on a data-driven framework. Due to the electro-chemical complexity involved in battery aging, they are yet to achieve the accuracy required, especially, for real-world applications. This is because of the difficulty either in identifying the time-varying nature of model parameters and in collecting the real-world training dataset from widely varying modes of battery usage.
In this paper, we propose a method of estimating SOH and RUL simultaneously in such a way as to contribute to its real-world applicability. First, noticing that battery aging causes the time sequence of charging and discharging voltage and current in a cycle to be shortened and dispersed, we define an aging index, referred to here as the time compensated entropy, for SOH and RUL. Second, for LSTM-based RUL prediction, we optimize the number of SOH input and the RUL prediction sequences for the minimum prediction error associated with a sequence of cycles. Third, we adopt a progressive framework of LSTMs such that whatever learned from the prior predictions are transferred to the subsequent prediction, starting with learned SOH. For experimental verification, we train the proposed progressive LSTM network based on CALCE datasets and apply to various cases of charging and discharging cycles. With SOH estimated online, we achieve less than 10 cycles of accuracy in RUL prediction, moving closer to real-world applicability.


The paper explores the possible effects of reducing the amplitude of plate vibrations and of structural sound reduction through the use of piezoelectric actuators in an anti-symmetric configuration. Besides, the paper provides the levels of reduction of sound radiated by activated piezo-structural systems. Tests were run on a steel plate with 4 pairs of piezoelectric actuators, steel plate was bonded on all edges or freely supported on all edges. Plate vibrations were excited by a point force, harmonically varying in time. The calculation procedure uses the FEM approach (ANSYS).


This case presents a straightforward repurchase of equity with debt and forces students to decide whether leverage creates value and, if so, under what circumstances. Data in the case encourage students to measure the impact on the stock market of increases in leverage.


Abstract— –The lethal effect of a continuous spectrum of light at wavelengths longer than 300 nm has been examined for the yeast Rhodotorula glutinis. A survival curve consisting of a shoulder, an exponential phase of death, and a "tailing off" phase was shown to occur when cells were irradiated in the absence of a sensitizing dye. An action spectrum showed that the portion of the light used for irradiation which is lethal to the cells lies between 310 and 430 nm. It was found that carotenoid pigments were not able to provide any protection against this endogenously photosensitized oxidation. Exponentially growing cells were the most sensitive to killing and, as cells approached and entered into the stationary phase of growth, they became more resistant until a constant level of sensitivity was reached. A primary temperature effect on the length of the shoulder prior to the death of the cell has been observed. The sensitivity was greatest at low temperatures with an optimum resistance occurring at 22.5°C and an increasing sensitivity occurring at higher temperatures. Various sites have been examined for cellular damage which might lead to the death of the cell. Damage was found to impair the function of the plasma‐lemma, the glycolytic and respiratory system, the nucleus, and to be observable cytologically.


This study uses an econometric approach to determine the impact of entrepreneurial business education on the entrepreneurial intentions of students in Uzbekistan. The work is based on extensive research by international experts who determine various antecedents of entrepreneurial intention based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (Eisen, 1991). Such as the attitude to entrepreneurship, perceived behavioral control and subjective norms. In studies of another direction, the importance of entrepreneurial education (PO) in stimulating entrepreneurial intention is discussed. Which then leads to entrepreneurial behavior, namely, opening your own business. The questionnaire prepared by the author is based on a 5-point Likert scale and consists of several separate sections, each of which relates to the above factors. The results of the ordered logistic regression indicate a significant relationship between entrepreneurship education and attitudes to entrepreneurship. The attitude, in turn, has a significant impact on the entrepreneurial intentions of students, accounting for about 5% of the variation. The results obtained will pave the way for future developments in the field of development of entrepreneurial education. Also, they will help to form a more effective state policy in the field of education, in order to increase the development of entrepreneurship in Uzbekistan.


• Drug use should be considered as a health issue. Harm reduction and evidence-based treatment should be available and prioritised for people who use drugs, as well as people involved in low-level drug offences who are found to be dependent on drugs • Incarceration should only be used as a last resort, and only for high-level, violent drug offenders • Diversion mechanisms at arrest, prosecution and sentencing should be developed to help ensure that cases of low-level drug offenders do not overload and incapacitate criminal justice systems • Legislative and practical barriers to the implementation of alternatives to incarceration for drug offenders should be removed115 • Social and community support networks should be established, including educational and employment programmes, housing, health services, etc. in order to address the socio-economic factors that led people to engage in the illicit drug trade in the first place • Alternatives to incarceration should be tailored to address the specific needs and vulnerabilities of women • Countries implementing or considering measures to increase diversion need to carefully review the evidence and options before choosing the best process/model for their circumstances.


Quantum plasmas can be described in the framework of the self-consistent field approach by a set of time-dependent Schrödinger equations (TDSE) for the electrons in a self-consistent potential. This approach is also well-known as the multistream model of quantum plasmas. The self-consistent field is commonly calculated in the Vlasov approximation from the average charge density of all electrons thereby neglecting the quantum-mechanical exchange interaction. In the present work, we consider a linear Hartree-Fock model with screened Coulomb interactions to examine the role of the exchange interaction. The two-stream instability is analysed and results for the Vlasov, Hartree and Hartree-Fock approximations are compared in detail. It is found that the exchange interaction considerably modifies the stability behavior for weakly screened Coulomb interactions. In particular, crossings of the two branches of the dispersion relation lead to oscillating unstable solutions that are not present in the absence of the exchange interaction.


This abstract presents a method of pore size distribution (PSD) estimation based on images processing (IP). We de-veloped it using porous silicon (PS) layers having different nanostructures. PS1 presents a porosity of 45 % and a specific area of 330 m²/g; PS2 presents porosity of 45 % and specific area of 223 m²/g. We characterized the PS lay-ers by and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) theories applied to sorption data. With BJH theory, we found that the mean pore diameter of PS1 and PS2 are respectively 4.3 nm and 5.5 nm. We performed images of PS layers surface by high resolution scanning electronic microscopy (HRSEM), the processing of theses images leaded to the estima-tion of mean pore diameter, 4 nm and 5 nm respectively for PS1 and PS2, and the representation of pore distribu-tion. Mean pore diameter obtained is closed to the value obtained with BJH theory, showing the validity of our method. Advantages of images processing are exposed.


We study two-particle systems in a model quantum field theory, in which scalar particles of different mass interact via a mediating scalar field. The Lagrangian of the model is reformulated using covariant Green's functions to solve for the mediating field in terms of the particle fields. This results in a Hamiltonian in which the mediating-field propagator appears directly in the interaction term. The variational method, with a simple Fock-state trial state, is used to derive a relativistic momentum-space two-particle wave equation. Non-relativistic and one-particle limits of the equation are determined and discussed briefly


ABSTRACT We present the results of a combined observational and numerical study to investigate cool plumes of nutrient-rich upwelled water that emanate near the Kahurangi Shoals and extend into Greater Cook Strait. Surface temperature and chlorophyll are mapped using satellite observations to produce surface climatologies, to validate a numerical simulation and to show the utility of using spatial temperature differences as a measure of upwelling. We find upwelling near the Kahurangi Shoals is strongly wind-driven in the weather band. Upwelling occurs at all times of the year, but its surface signature is only visible in summer months. The upwelled nutrient-rich water supports increased primary production compared to surrounding waters, particularly in summer when the water column is more stratified and surrounding surface waters are presumably nutrient depleted.


An ap1ication of holcgraphic interferartry to investigate the residual deformations izi1uc1 in nitrogen implantel specirrens by a plana focus device is reported. ExperilTental results Obtained for AISI 304 stainless steel specinns are presented.


Flood risk management policies is the subject of an international joint research project with the Upper Tisza in Hungary as its pilot study area. Within this project, a geographically explicit flood simulation tool has been designed and implemented. The model integrates aspects of the geographical, the hydrological, the economical, and the social. The perspectives of different stakeholders are represented as agents who make decisions on whether to buy flood insurance or not. Two different flood management policy scenarios were implemented and evaluated. Some policy experiments are also reported on, where two different policy strategies are simulated. The major lesson learned from the experiments, is that individual based models are important in policy settings. A flood-risk policy strategy that seems fair on the average can hide large inequalities. To be able to analyse these features of potential policy strategies, the model must be spatially explicit and fine grained enough to represent individual properties.


The purpose of the present invention is to provide an information processing method and an information processing apparatus capable of presenting in advance area information about a destination to which a user will move, and a processing program used for the same. To that end, an information processing method for displaying information in an information processing apparatus comprises detecting the circumstances of the movement of the information processing apparatus, estimating a destination to which to move according to current position information about the information processing apparatus and the circumstances of the movement, obtaining area information about the estimated destination to which to move, and displaying the obtained area information.


Theoretical study is carried out on the rotational motion of deuterated methane embedded in raregas matrices (Kr and Xe), employing the crystalline fields predicted by Yasuda [Progr. Theoret. Phys. 45, 1361 (1971)]. The hindered rotation in the fields is solved in the subspace with J≤ 10, where J is the rotational quantum number. Then the vibration‐rotation states are worked out for the threefold degenerate ν3 and ν4 modes, the Coriolis coupling being taken into account. The spacings and relative intensities of the infrared absorption spectra are calculated for CD4 in Kr and Xe matrices and the results are compared with the spectra of the ν3 and ν4 modes in Kr. Good agreement is obtained between theory and experiment.


Development of a rational, standardized, and efficacious design methodology to produce blastresistant designs for structural systems, such as those desired for buildings, sports arenas, bridges, air terminals, and other types of commonly built structural systems does not seem likely to happen anytime soon. The need for protective designs has engendered a host of issues needing resolution, starting with the difficulty of obtaining such a methodology. The difficultly stems from a variety of issues that need resolution, and the unsettled and embryonic state-of-theart vis-a-vis protective design. Some of the key difficulties needing address are: the uncertainties related to defining suitable design basis threats and transforming them to design basis loads, the complexities of the structural behaviors likely to be involved for most realistic threats, and the difficulty of creating transparent and workable design methods for addressing them. The problem is further exacerbated and its resolution hampered by the absence of a governing agency or group with the charter, skills, funds, and organization to promulgate such a methodology. Efforts at developing a design methodology to date seem to be too biased toward simplicity and have too little of the rational, efficacious, and transparency aspects, and lack an over arching means to balance risk, likelihood, consequence, and cost with the development of new design technologies, methods, and engineering skills/tools that can work for a broad spectrum of risks and protection measures. This paper presents data to highlight some of the issues involved with developing such a design methodology, describing some of the elements and capabilities needed for both assessing the behaviors of an existing building's structural system that are engendered by blast, and generating protective designs for structural systems. This includes describing a range of failure modes and response behaviors not commonly considered in protective design and the design/analysis approaches needed to address them. The goal here is to foment discussion toward establishing a more rational, robust, effective, and transparent design methodology.


While it is often overshadowed by concerns about climate change, air quality is still an important issue which affects a large number of Americans. Luke Fowler looks at the role of government in managing air quality, writing that while large scale state and federal programs and partnerships exist, there are often gaps in their coverage. Local governments, in turn, can feel pressure from their citizens to step in and fill those gaps. He finds that smaller municipalities often struggle to have an impact on air quality, especially if their coverage area is geographically large.


Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of long needle acupuncture on cervicalspondylotic radiculopathy.Methods: 126 cases of patients with cervicalspondylotic radiculopathy were randomly divided into treatment and control groups.64 cases in treatment group were treated by penetration acupuncture therapy with long needle;62 cases in control group were treated with normal acupuncture method.The clinical signs and symptoms score,pain scale,cervical function,signs and symptoms and the degree of pain,clinical efficacy are compared between two groups.Results: The correlation detection indica tors in the two groups improved significantly after the treatment,and the improvement were statistically significant(P 0.05);correlation detection indicators and clinical effect in the treatment group were better than that of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion: The treatment of penetration acupuncture therapy with long needle can provide clinical efficacy for cervicalspondylotic radiculopathy.


This paper provides a first-hand understanding about the procedures taken by Turkish business firms and their logistics providers and supply chain business firms to operate in an environmentally friendly supply chain. The main point of the study is to examine the influence of both external and internal parties on green supply chain management (GSCM) practices in business firms. The result of this research is very important to promote performance of Turkish business relations in their green perspectives. In order to find the correct answers, comprehensive questionnaire forms were designed. We collected data from 2014 May to 2015 July through Turkish companies. More than 180 companies contributed in this extensive research. Then the derived data were analyzed using statistical methods. One of the important inferred results is that the third party logistics service providers influence firms to have a proactive green behavior.


Research involving animal models is crucial for the advancement of science, provided that experiments are designed, performed, interpreted, and reported well. In order to investigate the quality of reporting of articles in otorhinolaryngology research using animal models, a PubMed database search was conducted to retrieve eligible articles. The checklist of the ARRIVE (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) guidelines was used to assess the quality of reporting of articles published in ear, nose and throat (ENT) and multidisciplinary journals. Two authors screened titles, abstracts, and full texts to select articles reporting otorhinolaryngology research using in vivo animal models. ENT journals (n = 35) reported a mean of 57.1% adequately scored ARRIVE items (median: 58.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI; 53.4–60.9%]), while articles published in multidisciplinary journals (n = 36) reported a mean of 49.1% adequately scored items (median: 50.0; 95% CI [46.2–52.0%]). Articles published in ENT journals showed better quality of reporting of animal studies based on the ARRIVE guidelines (P < 0.05). However, adherence to the ARRIVE guidelines is generally poor in otorhinolaryngology research using in vivo animal models. The endorsement of the ARRIVE guidelines by authors, research and academic institutes, editorial offices and funding agencies is recommended for improved reporting of scientific research using animal models.


The method for purifying waste oil, wherein the method includes the waste oil water separation under the effect of high voltage electric field, the condition of the high voltage electric field effect of the moisture content of the purified oil obtained is less than 1 wt%. Was dehydrated under the action of high voltage field of the present invention provides a waste oil waste oil can be aggregated and finally the removal of water in liquid form in the form of small droplets, to avoid the need for latent heat of vaporization of water vapor coming out when , significant savings in energy consumption.


The Scottish Government has made a commitment to double expenditure on childcare to 'increase the amount of free hours of childcare available to all 3-4 year olds and "vulnerable" 2 year olds from 15 to 30 hours per week (1,140 per year)' by 2021 (Davis et al. 2016). Existing studies focus mainly on the feasibility and the cost of that promise as well as incentives from the employment of parents. However, investment in the childcare sector also brings employment effects (especially for women) such as a direct effect (the number of people employed in the care sector); an indirect effect (increased demand of the care sector's suppliers) and an induced effect (increased household consumption as a result of higher employment). This paper explores how the proposed investment in the childcare sector can have positive direct, indirect and induced effects on employment, contributing to Scotland's economic growth. The analysis is primarily based on existing data for Scotland including the official input-output tables of the Scottish Government's Statistical Office. Growth, Equality and Employment: Investing in Childcare in Scotland WiSE Working Paper Series No.4 June 2016 Dr Zofia Łapniewska, WiSE Postdoctoral Fellow, Glasgow Caledonian University WiSE Research Centre Glasgow School for Business and Society Glasgow Caledonian University


The ratio (S) of selectivity for dehydration to dehydrogenation on yttrium oxide increased with time-on-stream and with increasing temperature (250/sup 0/-350/sup 0/C), and it was generally higher for cyclic alcohols than for acylic ones. The catalyst was very selective for the formation of 1-alkenes from 2-alkanols (e.g., 4-methyl-2-pentanol yielded 4-methyl-1-pentene with 93.5-96.4% selectivity at 248/sup 0/-340/sup 0/C and up to 255 min on steam). The reactions were zero order in alcohol, and the dehydrogenation reactions had lower activation energies than dehydration reactions; activation energies for the latter reaction were similar to those on alumina. The catalyst was not selective for the conversion of tertiary alcohols to 1-alkenes. Graphs, tables, and 25 references.


The authors show that a generalization of the Kraichnan Direct Interaction Approximation for fluid turbulence to the Vlasov or Klimontovich equations for plasmas contains most previously proposed 'strong' turbulence theories with the addition of further ad hoc approximations. This comparison depends on an exact factorization of the DIA into screened and unscreened quantities. The usual perturbed orbit or renormalized weak turbulence corrections to the unscreened Green's function are shown to inadequately account for the self-consistent nature of the turbulent electric fields. A direct prescription for the calculation of the unscreened correlation function which determines the Fokker-Planck friction coefficient is carried through in an approximation which neglects mode coupling effects. No enhanced noise due to phase-space clumps is found; in the discrete particle theory a turbulence renormalized (broadened) expression for the discrete particle noise is obtained.


Two major fartlts, the Kohistan and Kishora thrust, divide the strtdy area into three fectonic terranes, the Indian shelf, Garai melange, and Kohistan arc. Stratigraphy, deformation, and metarnorphisrn within each of these t erranes developed independently ltntil they were jrtxtaposed during Eocene-Oligocene collision. An important aspect ofthis st~tdy is the docrtrnentatiqn of youngest deformation phases related wirh Himalayan orogen, Three deformation phases (D,,D2, DJ are recorded in the Indian shelf and the melange ~natrix, each characterized by distinct fabrics and folding. S, occurs as relict intrafolial in the S, fabric as well as in the porphyroblasts and pressure sl~adows, in llze Indian shelf rocks. F, are locally preserved and are fortnd associated with movement on the Kishora thrust. S2 is defined by the orientation ofplaty or elongated minerals and axial planes of F, folds. F, folds are strongly developed and strike NNE and SSW. These are associated with sorttheastw~ord movement on the Kishora thrttsr. S, developed as In inor cren rrlation cleavage when S, was folded during later deformation D,. F,strikes NNW and NS. It may probably be associated with the Kohistan thrust during the development of the Innus syntaxis. These deformation phases took place under condirions of ampltibolite facies in the Indian shelf and greenschist facies in the melange nzarrix. The melange blocks and !he Kohistan rocks record different deformation even,ts. Apparently they preserve pre-emnplacement strrtcturcs. Two deformation phases are recorded. During Dl, S, and F, developed. S, occrtrs as relicts in the S, foliation. D, occrtrred independently in the melange blocks and Kohistan arc. During D2, the S, foliation was folded. D, in the blocks is associated wit11 the Kishora thrrut while that in the Kohistan rocks is consistent with the D, of the melange matrix and the Indian shelf. D, and D2 took place under conditions of greenschist facies in the melange blocks and of atnphibolite facies in the Kohistan arc.


The symposium, "How (if at all) is gender relevant to comparative philosophy," focuses on relevance of gender as an analytic and critical tool in comparative philosophical understanding and debate. Nkiru Nzegwu argues that gender as conceived by contemporary Euro-American feminism did not exist in pre-colonial Yoruba as well as many Native American societies, and that therefore employing gender as a conceptual category in understanding the philosophies of pre-colonial Yoruba and other non-gendered societies constitutes a profound mistake. What's more, doing so amounts to a totalizing Euro-American colonial imposition that does violence to nongendered societies that reject gender as an ontological category. Hence, gender is ill-suited as a universal comparative philosophical tool. Nzegwu's three co-symposiasts, Mary I. Bockover, Maitrayee Chaudhuri, and Maria Luisa Femenias enrich and complicate this question by bringing to bear both conceptual, ethical and empirical considerations drawn from the United States, India, and Latin America respectively.


The purpose of this study was to find and study about model religious communication and Sunni-Syi'i Conflict in Social Media in Making Harmonist Relationships in North Sumatera. This research will start from the interpretive paradigm. In this paradigm view, human beings are "impossible not to communicate". The result shows that Since the beginning of their respective existence, religious communication between Sunni-Shi'is in North Sumatra has always experienced ups and downs in accordance with the existing context in the region. Following the fatwa from the Center, all Islamic organizations in North Sumatra, both NU, Muhammadiyah and Al Washliyah as the oldest Islamic organizations, as well as more recent Islamic organizations such as An Nas, which are Sunnah, agree to state that Shi'ism is a religious understanding who are perverted / deviant. However, based on existing political trends, after the Reformation, slowly the views of Sunni Islamic Organizations began to shift. This shift in view also follows the fatwa of the leadership of the mass organizations at the central level, along with the constellation of religious relations in the Islamic world, even though the shift is taking place gradually. The more moderate NU argues that the non-ghulat Syi groups are not heretical, even though grassroots congregations still view all Shi'i ideas as deviant / deviant, because information does not spread quickly and evenly.


As part of a study (Armstrong, Stahl, & Kantner, 2015a, 2015b, 2016) of curricular alignment between developmental reading (DR) and introductory-level general education (GE) at one community college, we asked faculty participants about the DR coursework at their own institution. Throughout data analysis, we became interested in how non-DR faculty understood reading at the college level, and especially what a major role lack of communication seemed to play in these understandings. We identified five major themes in the faculty responses: reading comprehension, vocabulary instruction, emphasis on writing, study skills instruction, and disciplinary literacy instruction. In this article, we detail each theme through exemplar responses coded in this category, a discussion, and recommendations for professionals within the DR (and surrounding) fields striving to build bridges to others on campus. Our intention is to initiate a conversation related to the issue of communication between DR and other higher education professionals, as we see value in DR faculty having this insight regarding how others on campus view their work.


As a new wireless network coverage device, the active optical distribution system used for coverage enhancement of GSM, TD-SCDMA and TD-LTE wireless networks has many merits, such as green, micro power, multi-antenna and multipoint uniform depth coverage when compared with the traditional indoor distribution system. As an extension system of the base station wireless network, the active optical distribution system is required to obtain accurate time synchronization information of the TDD system in order to work normally according to the uplink and downlink time slots alignment of the base station. Therefore synchronization problem becomes a primary issue in the active optical distribution system. In this paper, TD-LTE time-frequency synchronization process and primary and secondary synchronous detection algorithm are firstly investigated. Then the time-frequency synchronization algorithm and the influence of frequency offset on the timing synchronization algorithm are analyzed. The simulation results show that a range of frequency offset has little effect on the timing synchronization accuracy. In the TDD-LTE secondary synchronization signal detection process, the traditional method is 168 groups of secondary synchronization sequence and the received sequence to do a length of 62-bit crosscorrelation operation, whose computation is huge. In this paper, a new parity separation-based method is proposed, which is 31 times the length of 31-bit synchronous crosscorrelation operation. The proposed method is proved to have lower complexity i.e., one-tenth calculation times of the traditional method. Keywords-active optical distribution system; primary synchronization; secondary synchronization


The impedance between two amalgam electrodes implanted in the maxillary canine of a cat was measured at various frequencies between 0.02 kilohertz (kHz) and 100 kHz. When plotted on the X-R plane as a function of frequency, two types of impedance loci were obtained. One resembled a circular arc at low frequencies, whereas the other was parabolic or exponential in form. The circular-arc loci are similar to those calculated from membrane models. The parabolic or exponential loci are predicted by a polyelectrolyte model.


A challenge we face in traffic information control is to identify theoptimum facility, position, type of information and means to provide information to the driver to achieve maximum efficiency and effectiveness. Secondly, we must determine the type of driver, driving behavior and the driver's reaction, and account for each type of behavior with consideration for the criteria used by the driver for decisions. This research is conducted through study and analysis of the results of a questionnaire which will provide the basis for achieving efficient traffic information provision system development.


Two kinds of ionically conduction potassium phosphatoantimonates, KSbP2O8 and K3Sb3P2O14 with layered structures have been successfully synthesized by a new synthesizing method-microwave radiation synthesis. The synthetic reaction was processed in a commercial microwave oven operating at 2.45 GHz, with power levels of 350 ~ 420 W. The fast reaction by microwave radiation was observed. We used activated char or Fe2O3 as heating medium in order to induce the microwave absorption of reactant components at higher temperature. Compared with the conventional solid state reactions, where the typical synthesis conditions are at 950~1000℃ for 24h, the microwave solid state reactions were competed within only 40 - 90 min. The possible effect of the microwave radiation on the solid state reaction were discussed.


A database containing information on full-sized geothermal wells at hydrothermal power plants was developed. The goal of the database development was to identify the name, location, and status of all full-sized geothermal wells drilled to date. Early design and population of the database focused on wells at hydrothermal power plants in Nevada. The database was created by aggregating and cleaning data from publicly available datasets. The database was designed to track data sources for each well data point, so that information in the database can be traced back to its original source. The initial database was then examined for missing or possibly erroneous data. These data points were further investigated and corrected using original source documents, such as well logs, permitting documents, etc. when possible, and the data source of the information updated as well. The resulting database design allows for the database to be continually updated and improved as new information becomes available, and for original data sources to be identified and consulted when conflicting or erroneous information about a well is uncovered, or if further information about the data point from the original data source is desired. The geothermal well database is still being developed, and future plansmore » call for adding wells from geothermal installations in remaining US states. Although still in development, analysis of the database has yielded some promising results. A preliminary version of the database was used to create maps of the well fields for select power plant sites in Nevada. It was demonstrated that the status of existing wells and their location relative to productive wells can be used to help determine candidate wells for in-field EGS applications: existing wells that can be stimulated to increase their permeability and/or connect them to the existing reservoir so that they can be re-purposed as production or injection wells. These maps and the information in the geothermal well database will be used to help estimate the in-field EGS resource potential in future work. Additionally, it is envisioned that the completed database can be queried to report useful information such as the ratio of injection-to-production wells at hydrothermal sites, or on the ratio of successful geothermal wells to dry wells.« less


A comprehensive survey of class I α‐tubulin (αl) and class II β‐tubulin (βII) mRNAs was performed using in situ hybridization in order to determine the extent of continued expression of these immature tubulin isotype mRNAs in the adult rat brain. Qualitatively similar distributions of the two isotype mRNAs were observed, with marked variations in hybridization intensity of both probes apparent across different brain regions. Neurons in a wide variety of structures throughout the brain exhibited intense hybridization signals. While the presence of large numbers of neurons with a moderate hybridization intensity could account for the relatively high level of total binding in some regions such as the cerebellar and dentate granule layers, in most cases higher regional mRNA levels reflected greater hybridization intensity per neuron. Little variability in hybridization intensity was typically seen between individual cells within specific nuclei throughout the brain. The presence of occasional intensely labeled neurons scattered throughout the basal ganglia provided the most striking exception to this pattern. While no qualitative differences between the distributions of αl‐tubulin and βII‐tubulin mRNAs were observed, consistent differences in the relative intensity of hybridization for α1‐tubulin versus βII‐tubulin mRNA were apparent in a few brain regions. Expression by glia did not appear to contribute significantly to detectable levels of either α1‐tubulin or βII‐tubulin mRNA. These findings suggest that continued expression of growth‐associated tubulin isotype mRNAs may have functional significance in specific neuronal populations of the adult brain. Partial overlap between the distributions of α1‐ and βII‐tubulin mRNAs and that of GAP‐43 mRNA is discussed, as are potential roles for growth‐associated tubulin gene expression in supporting cytoskeletal turnover, reactive axonal growth, and dendritic remodeling in the adult brain. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss Inc.


One striking characteristic of African women in Nigeria as representatives of Africa is the multiplicity of. roles. African women make contributions to subsistence farming and wage activities. their active involvement in marketing. processing.food distribution network. and their continued responsibilities as mothers and wives combine to IIlqke their roles most important ill the survival of thefamily. The long hour's African women involves in labour and the near impossibility ofshelving (/I1Y of their many responsibilities or the roles necessary for their daily survival hinder their ability to participate fully in agricultural and rural development activities. Nevertheless. women in African with special reference to the Nigerian women. have made important contributions to rural economics' through their roles as crop producers. home-makers. mothers. breadwinners and unpaid farm labourers as well as their husband's farms engagements. women therefore. form the backbone of rural development and subsistence agriculture. The constraints face by women woven around the prevailing cultural. traditional. religious. educational. social and economic norms in the country. This work examined what call be done to improve women's lot in food production startingfroni the velY local level to national and international levels. Introduction In every society, a woman is seen to be responsible for various roles including wife, mother, home-making, cooking, farming and all . other unpaid domestic work in and around the home. She is also involved in many community services for the benefit of society. Above all these, a woman is naturally responsible for procreation, that is bringing people into the world. Traditionally, women perform most if not all the family's fann labour. In most societies, it is the women that weeds, plants, fertilizes and harvests food crops and even cash crops grown for the family. Ijere (1991a) referred to women as "invisible fanners of the world". Similarly, Omoregbe and Agbonifo (1994) observed that "women in Africa make up more than one third of the work force. They account for nearly 70 percent of the entire agricultural labour force, 80 percent of food producers, 100 percent of those who process basic food stuff and yet undertake 60-90 percent of the marketing" In any developing societies, especially the African society, women are the cleaners of rural roads, regular visitors to the weekly markets, impartial arbitrators in faming or clan disputes and © Journal of Educational Innovators ISSN: 118 5283 VoL 4, No. I July, 2011, pp261-268 ~ SAP Limited [ J I


To overcome the present crisis of conditions of knowledge, an effort to re-conceptualize, position and identify the shared experiences of the Third World is perhaps an intellectual project which is worth undertaking but under explored. In the past half century, Chen Yingzhen's thought and literature, having accumulated a body of work surrounding Third World subjectivity, have become extremely rich intellectual resources for us to study. This essay first traces Chen's discourse on the Third World, and then proceeds to analyze his three novels on the lunatics, the madman, and the mental patient, with a motive to begin to enter the mental conditions in the post War Third World. Engaging with his work as a whole, I come to the conviction that Chen's understanding of the Third World is, after all, grounded in his struggle with, his documentation of, his pondering over, and his writing of the immediate social environment within which he has lived; and therefore, his solidarity and identification with the Third World is an internal or immanent relation. If the attempt to reconstruct the Third World as a main reference system of thought is to be realized, we will need to continue to explore and to mark out the highly heterogeneous trajectories of the history of the mental conditions, so that we can more properly come to terms with the conditions of our present from which to imagine the future.


The forces of die are very complicated in factual drawing process, and it is difficult to clearly describe the whole status through formulae. So the stresses distribution and force situation of die are simulated by finite element method in order to research the stresses distribution of ceramic die in drawing process. The simulation environment is established by modelling, loading boundary, solving and visual simulating. The simulation results show that the stresses occur at deformation and invariable zones are very large in the internal hole of die and the disable reasons of die are friction and the wear at the deformation and invariable zones.


Optical memories are indispensable to time-division and self-routing photonic switching systems. Currently, optical fiber delay lines are commonly used as memory cells in such switching systems. These delay lines are fixed in length and not applicable to switching systems requiring flexible delays. To provide flexible delays, a directional coupler may be used in conjunction with a fiber delay line to form a reentrant delay-line memory.1 However, this delay-line memory has drawbacks too. First, the front portion of an optical pulse may escape from the delay-line fiber undesirably before the rear portion enters it, resulting in loss of part of the optical pulse and causing crosstalk between adjacent time slots. Second, changes of the directional coupler operation states must be precisely controlled; otherwise the loss and crosstalk mentioned above occur again. We propose a photonic shift register. It is designed using directional couplers, optical fibers, and passive optical combiners. A single-bit shift register may be used as an optical memory cell with flexible delay. A multibit register may be used as a photonic serial-to-parallel converter, a photonic parallel-to-serial converter, or a time slot interchanger. Design and operation of this photonic shift register are elucidated.


In the context of increasing returns markets, the conventional argument is that a slender market share advantage may entrain a firm on a trajectory bound for monopoly in the long run. We revisit this with the linear urn model representation of history dependence, and a probabilistic characterization of eventual dominance. It is possible to explore the implications of varying the strength of feedback with a simple Polya-urn scheme. It is then possible to determine how much stronger the positive feedback needs to be, in order to compensate for smaller initial market share of a firm, in attaining any specified degree of dominance. This allows us to place bounds on the probability that a firm will come to dominate an increasing returns market in the long run.


Crankshaft dampers are a common approach for controlling engine crankshaft vibration. The optimum damper parameters are relatively easy to determine for the case of single-mode systems and multi-mode systems with a dominant mode, provided that the primary system is undamped and the system response is linear. For nonlinear systems such as internal combustion engines that experience complex periodic inputs, the true optimum damper parameters may not be apparent. The crank kinematics introduce nonlinear torques acting on the crankshaft. In addition, the gas torque is, in some sense, a state-dependent input, as it is a function of not only the energy addition per cycle, but also of the crank angle. It is reasonable to expect that truly optimal damper parameters may not be obtained using classical approaches. As an alternative, genetic algorithms may be used to determine optimum crankshaft damper settings for this complex system. This paper will present the modeling of an internal combustion engine from the perspective of determining crankshaft vibrations. Optimum damper settings are then determined using a genetic algorithm. Simulation results are shown that compare the achievable vibration reduction in an engine equipped with a GA-tuned damper and the reduction achieved with a conventional passive damper.


Conventional gas lift optimization methods in reservoir simulation prioritize naturally flowing wells over wells requiring gas lift to meet production mandates. However, maximizing the value of gas lift wells may unlock significant untapped reserves. This paper presents the application of a Smart Gas Lift Optimization (SGLO) workflow on a complex giant onshore carbonate oilfield to maximize production and recovery through an efficient gas lift optimization method.
 The Smart Gas Lift Optimization consists in restructuring the well group hierarchy to define parallel structures for naturally flowing wells and gas lift wells to enable existing wells with gas lift to be produced with a higher priority, hence maximizing their production potential using gas lift optimization. Wells meeting certain conditions defined on production, gas-oil ratio, water cut, or pressure would be automatically assigned to the different entities of the gas lift group structure to maximize their production and enable the gas lift optimization mechanism to obtain the most optimal gas lift rate under the constraints specified.
 The workflow was applied on a giant onshore carbonate oilfield with a complex structure and a very high well count through an automated tool that was developed for setting up the full SGLO workflow by automatically parsing reservoir simulation model input files and define the required group structure, along with all necessary settings for gas lift optimization and SGLO. Results between the non SGLO case and the SGLO case were compared to assess the difference in production between these two scenarios. The SGLO case provided a substantial boost to the total oil production compared to the non SGLO case and the duration of the production plateau target was extended further. The gas lift optimization allocation is effectively allocating gas lift even if the production plateau is already reached and proposing a gas lift rate allocation that maintains the existing gas lift wells alive and improves the total reservoir recovery while reducing by-passed oil in place. The allocation prioritized to gas lift wells significantly increases the value of the existing gas lift wells that are pushed to their largest potential, reducing requirements for infill drilling.
 Although the Smart Gas Lift Optimization uses all the principles of regular gas lift optimization combined to an additional logic that triggers the gas lift wells to produce with an optimum gas lift rate based on an economic gradient defined. The tool was fully automated to apply the SGLO workflow in a matter of minutes even for a highly complex reservoir model.


In this paper, I analyze the link between democracy and lock-down policies during times of crisis. In using multilevel regression models, I show that countries with a past of authoritarian government are more likely to impose stringent restrictions on citizens' liberties compared to countries with a democratic legacy during the COVID-19 pandemic. I explain this finding with a transference of policy practices over time. Furthermore, I compare the development of democracy before and after the "Spanish Flu'' of 1918-1920, in using interrupted time series models. My findings suggest that it is unlikely that this historic pandemic contributed significantly to the decline of democracy. The results of this research indicate that past rather than present regime forms explains lockdown stringency. In addition, anti-pandemic policies do not seem to cause a decline of democracy but rather reinforce pre-existing trends in regime development.


PURPOSE: A relief valve for heavy construction equipment is provided to enable easy pipe connection without interference with peripheral elements and a pilot port. CONSTITUTION: A relief valve for heavy construction equipment comprises a sleeve(22), a poppet(26), a pressure control flow path(45a), and a drain coupler(43). The sleeve includes a first pressure chamber(d), an inlet(22a), and a tank flow path(22b). The poppet is installed to move inside the sleeve and controls hydraulic fluid. The pressure control flow path is formed to connect an internal flow path(46a) of a stopper(46) and an internal pressure chamber of a first plug adjuster(37). The drain coupler is installed on a drain port(37a) to guide the fluid pressure filled inside the first plug adjuster to outside.


This study was conducted to investigate the effect of manganese toxicityby manganese chloride (MnCl2) on the experimental animals and to evaluatethe efficacy of phytic acid and/orascorbic acid in attenuating the deleterious effect induced by manganese toxicity. For this purpose,thirty healthy rabbits weighing 1655±367.07g were divided into five groups each of six rabbits. Group 1; rabbits fed on commercial diet and normal water served as normal control; group 2; rabbits fed on commercial diet and received 200mg/L of MnCl2 in drinking water. Group 3; rabbits received MnCl2 in drinking water (200mg/L) and fed on commercial diet supplemented with phytic acid(20 g /kg diet). Group 4; rabbits fed on commercial diet and received 200mg/L MnCl2 in drinking water and orally administrated with ascorbic acid (30mg/kg body weight daily).Group 5; rabbits received MnCl2 in drinking water (200mg/L) and fed phytic acid (20 g /kg diet)and orally administrated ascorbic acid (30mg/kg body weight daily) by intragastric tube. Results showed that MnCl2 intoxication significantlyreducedhaemoglobin (Hb) concentrationand serum iron with a significant increase in total iron binding capacity. Also, it induced a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level accompanied bya significant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Moreover, MnCl2intoxication caused a significant increase in serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) activities. Also, serum urea and creatinine significantly elevated in MnCl2-intoxicated group.An improvement was noticed in these altered parameters after oral administration ofphytic acid and/or ascorbic acid.


The soybean needs of the people in Ternate are fulfilled by imported soybeans that enter through Surabaya. The process of transporting imported soybean seeds from Surabaya to the port of Ternate and storage in warehouses may lead to contamination with Peronospora manshurica fungus, which poses a risk of spreading to soybean crops in Ternate. This study aims to detect the presence of P. manshurica fungus, viability, and growth of P. manshurica oospores in the imported soybean storage warehouses in Ternate. The study was conducted using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative method was carried out through an exploratory approach, while the quantitative method used a randomized block design (RBD) consisting of four treatments, i.e., G.Tbsi, G.Jbla, G.Tfra, and G.Tfrb, with five replications. The observation variables included disease occurance, presence, and characteristics of oospores, as well as oospore growth and viability percentage. The results showed that the average disease occurance in the soybean storage warehouses was highest in the sample of soybeans from the Tfrb warehouse at 1.88%, followed by the Jbla, Tfra, and Tbsi warehouses at 1.44%, 1.41%, and 1.24%, respectively. The study also found P. manshurica fungus in all four soybean storage warehouses in Ternate, with a viability percentage of G.Tbsi, G.Jbla, G.Tfra, and G.Tfrb were 25.8%, 28.8%, 27.4%, 26.5% respectively. These findings indicate the potential for disease spread to soybean crops in Ternate, thus necessitating appropriate preventive measures to address this problem.


I live and work in Nassau County. The county borders on eastern Queens, one of the five boroughs of New York City, and is one of only two Long Island counties, along with Suffolk. Long Island is one of the wealthiest suburbs in the United States and one of the most segregated in the United States (Lambert, 2002). Despite its affluence there are significant pockets of poverty on Long Island. There are also growing gang, prescription drug, and heroin problems that belie the utopian dream that used to draw urbandwellers to places like Nassau County (Malekoff, 2010). In spite of a clear need for quality human services for families of all socioeconomic groups, the Nassau County legislature, which consists of 19 elected representatives, made a decision, on July 5, 2012, to cut $7.3 million from youth, chemical dependency, and mental health services funding, affecting more than 50 agencies and tens of thousands of people who depend on their services. Although we live in an era of dwindling resources and growing need, in this instance partisan politics trumped people's needs. To summarize, the county executive, along with the majority party, consisting of 10 of 19 legislators, called for a vote for $41 million in borrowing to pay off property tax refunds. The minority party withheld three needed votes to pass the bonding by a simple majority. The votes were denied for the minority party to use their voting leverage to influence the majority party to redraw the voting district lines that they had control over. The majority party then cut human services, in essence, to hold them as hostages until the time that the minority party would release three votes for the bonding. I don't use the terms Republican or Democrat here, only majority and minority, because there is a culture in Nassau County where this drama has played out regardless of who holds power. This is just the latest chapter of assaults on human services provided chiefly by long-standing, highly regarded not-for-profit organizations. The brief history that is described above, and which began in the spring months of 2012, has led to months of protests by human services providers and consumers, many of whom are young people, and their families, who were hit hardest by the cuts to youth services that included after-school and summer programs and drug, pregnancy, gang, violence, and suicideprevention services.


The purposes of this final works of art are: 1) to defined bendi as a traditional transportation which is environment friendly art graphic creation, 2) to reveal the uniqueness of bendi that had been forgotten through graphic art creation. In creation process of graphic art, writer methodologically did some stage of exploration (seeking ideas) and implementation stages. Technique was using this final works of art is serigraphy. Along with technology progression, transportation tools are also had been developed. Although bendi is defeated by motor-vehicles, but it is still be used until now. Key word : graphic art, bendi


Nowadays, NoSQL databases [1-3] are being used in several emerging application fields (including social network management, e-health and e-government systems, big-science projects) to store data with unconventional types, and specifically big data [4-6]. Furthermore, those are live application domains where the evolution of the stored NoSQL data and of their structure has to keep the pace of the continually and rapidly changing application requirements. Hence, most of these advanced applications should keep a full history of both NoSQL data and NoSQL schemas [7], in order to satisfy variegated requirements (e.g., to support historical big data analytics, to help decision makers with protean perspectives, to maintain conformance to regulations in force, to interoperate new software platforms, etc.).


An optical module, an optical sensor, and a method of manufacturing the optical sensor are provided to optically couple front and rear surfaces of a silicon substrate with each other by forming an optical path on the signal substrate using an anisotropy etching process. An optical module includes a substrate(S) and at least one lens(11,12,13,14). The substrate includes at least one optical path(1,3). The lens is inserted into the optical path and refracts an incident beam. The optical path is composed of a pyramid-like hole(10), which penetrates a substrate surface in a vertical direction, such that top and bottom surfaces of the substrate are optically coupled with each other. The lens is formed in a spherical shape. When the lens is inserted into the optical path, an exposed portion of the lens is abraded away from the upper surface of the substrate.