Christina M. Puchalski, M.D., is the director of the George Washington Institute of Spirituality and Health (GWish). A practicing physician and medical educator, she is also and associate professor of medicine at the George Washington University Medical Center (Washington, D.C.). An internationally recognized pioneer in the integration of spirituality and health care, she is the author of A Time for Listening and Caring: Spirituality and Care of the Chronically Ill and Dying (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006).


Provides a brief description (including distinguishing features) and status of current IVHS operational tests in the U.S., categorized by the four major IVHS program elements: advanced traffic management systems ( ATMS), advanced traveler information systems (ATIS) commercial vehicle operations (CVO), and advanced vehicle control systems (AVCS). What is represented here is a "snapshot" of activities current through April, 1991, and is thus not intended to be comprehensive.


Introduction Global incidence of breast cancer according to the National Cancer Institute highlights the importance of focusing as much as possible on developing treatment strategies. microRNAs (miR) are emerging as biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in tumor management. Human Cleavage Factor Im (CFIm) is an essential component of the pre-mRNA processing complex that functions by the regulation of poly (A) site selection through the recognition of UGUA sequences upstream of the poly (A) site. Recently, CFIm25 has been identified as a broad repressor of proximal poly (A) site usage that, when depleted, increases cell proliferation. In this area, we have previously suggested the possible role of some oncogenic microRNAs including miR-24 in regulation of tumor suppressor gene CFIm 25. So, the current study aimed to investigate the influence of miR-24 downregulation on CFIm 25 expression level in human breast cancer cell line and its proliferation. Materials and Methods: Human breast cancer cell line of MDA was infected with lentiviruses containing either anti-miR-24 precursor sequences. The RNA expression level of miR-24 and CFIm25 were estimated in MDA infected cells by QRT-PCR. Protein level of CFLm25 genes in human MDA were also analyzed by western blotting. Results: Real-time PCR showed that miR-24 knockdown enhanced CFIm25 expression level in MDA treated cells. Western blotting results also confirmed that downregulation of miR-24 in MDA cell lines dramatically enhanced CFIm25 expression. Conclusions: Overall, this is the first study which evidently indicates miRNAs correlation with CFIm25 expression in breast cancer cells. We indicated that miR-24 overexpression might be one of the factors contributing to the cell proliferation in breast cancer through CFIm25 down-regulation. So, our data suggests that oncogenic role for selected miRNA and presents a rationale for the down regulation of this miRNA as a novel strategy to improve treatment response in breast cancer.


1. Department of Oral Medicine, Dental Research Center, Zahedan University Of Medical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Zahedan, Iran 2. Department of Oral Medicine, Genetics of Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran 3. Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran 4. Dentist, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran


A new weed,Spermacoce latifolia Aubl.was found in cane field of Lincang area in Yunnan province in recent years.It is knows that the weed originally distributed in the tropic area of South America,and has invaded into the South part of Guangdong and Fujian provinces,Hainan province,Hongkong and Taiwang areas,and Wenlin area of Zhejiang Province.But it has not been paid enough attention.On the light of its invasive ways,harmness,and the morphological characters and the growing rules,the related prevention and control suggestions were suggested.


Our purpose in this article to show the existence of positive classical solutions of ( − ∆) sB 1 u + u = h 1 u p + ǫh 2 in B 1 , u = 0 on ∂B 1 for ǫ > 0 small enough, where ( − ∆) sB 1 is the regional fractional Laplacian, p > 1, h i with i = 1 , 2 are H¨older continuous and satisfy some additional conditions. Our existence is based on the solution of ( − ∆) sB 1 u + u = 1 in B 1 , u = 0 on ∂B 1 . While this existence is very different from the case that ( − ∆) sB 1 u = 1 in B 1 , u = 0 on ∂B 1 which has no positive solution for s ∈ (0 , 12 ]. 35J10,


Patches of fine sediment control the incipient motion of bedload material in gravel-bed rivers. As well as being fundamental in fluvial dynamics, agitation and eventual downstream movement of bed material is of ecological relevance as it can trigger mass drift of benthic invertebrates. However, bedload studies have largely neglected the process of incipient motion, primarily due to technical constraints on sampling. Here we report on the results of a series of field experiments using a portable flume which, in combination with measurements from slot samplers i.e. traps allows assessment of bedload characteristics at the very beginning of flow events when bedload is marginal. Maximum shear stress generated by manipulations of the flume was 40 N/m. Flume data indicate that bed material agitation and subsequent transport occurred once shear stress reached a threshold of 1 N/m. The force necessary to entrain material from patches was much higher than that predicted by the Shields equation, presumably reflecting a hiding effect. Flume bedload rates were extremely low (80% of values were less than 1 g/sm) and rather variable. In turn, significant bedload (i.e. >1 g/sm) was detected in the traps once shear stress reached 30 N/m. Combined results from flume and traps indicate two phases of bedload transport from patches: the first is dominated by sand and a second is dominated by fine gravel. A third phase occurs, but this involves most surface material from the reach contributing to bedload. The relative scarcity of sand in the traps indicates that the traps were largely incapable of detecting the first phase of bedload transport. While the flume helps to describe the incipient motion of material prior to conditions when traps are able to detect transport, the traps yield data on bedload at shear stresses greater than those generated in the flume. Thus, combining data from the flume and traps provides a clearer view of bedload transport during the very early stages of flow events.


Abstract Background Systematic reviews have established the short‐term improvements of periodontal regenerative/reconstructive procedures compared to conventional surgical treatment in intrabony defects. However, a hierarchy of periodontal regenerative/reconstructive procedures regarding the medium‐ to long‐term results of treatment does not exist. Aim To systematically assess the literature to answer the focused question "In periodontitis patients with intrabony defects, what are the medium‐ and long‐term benefits of periodontal regenerative/reconstructive procedures compared with open flap debridement (OFD), in terms of clinical and/or radiographic outcome parameters and tooth retention?". Material & Methods Randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs), reporting on clinical and/or radiographic outcome parameters of periodontal regenerative/reconstructive procedures ≥3 years post‐operatively, were systematically assessed. Clinical [residual probing pocket depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) gain, tooth loss] and radiographic [residual defect depth (RDD), bone gain (RBL)] outcome parameters were assessed. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and Bayesian random‐effects network meta‐analyses (NMA) were performed where possible. Results Thirty RCTs, presenting data 3 to 20 years after treatment with grafting, GTR, EMD, as monotherapies, combinations thereof, and/or adjunctive use of blood‐derived growth factor constructs or with OFD only, were included. NMA based on 21 RCTs showed that OFD was clearly the least efficacious treatment; regenerative/reconstructive treatments resulted in significantly shallower residual PD in 4 out 8 comparisons [range of mean differences (MD): −2.37 to −0.60 mm] and larger CAL gain in 6 out 8 comparisons (range of MD: 1.26 to 2.66 mm), and combination approaches appeared as the most efficacious. Tooth loss after regenerative/reconstructive treatment was less frequent (0.4%) compared to OFD (2.8%), but the evidence was sparse. There were only sparse radiographic data not allowing any relevant comparisons. Conclusion Periodontal regenerative/reconstructive therapy in intrabony defects results, in general, in shallower residual PD and larger CAL gain compared with OFD, translating in high rates of tooth survival, on a medium (3–5 years) to long‐term basis (5–20 years). Combination approaches appear, in general, more efficacious compared to monotherapy in terms of shallower residual PD and larger CAL gain. A clear hierarchy could, however, not be established due to limited evidence.


THE THREE MAIN PAPERS and the case studies presented in this issue of Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology all focus on the service user perspective in relation to the self as illustrated by different aspects of philosophy. This is also in the context of the service user looking for help during a time when they are experiencing levels of distress and difficulty. Important as this is, evident by the substantial clinical and philosophical literature in this area, what has been overlooked is the perspective of the mental health and social care worker responsible for the care of individuals whose sense of self is disturbed. The significance of this omission has been brought home to me through my experiences in running training workshops for workers working with service users with a diagnosis of personality disorder. (From here on, in this paper, the terms worker and trainee are used interchangeably to refer to the mental health and social care worker). During these workshops challenges to the worker's sense of self have been revealed emotionally ("this doesn't feel like me"), ideologically ("I am not a bad person"), and/or practically ("I don't usually behave like this") when discussing their work with service users. This paper draws from the workshop experiences to explore and consider the workers perspective in relation to the self in more detail. There follows a descriptive account of three workshop sessions which include the trainees responses. With each activity the responses are considered within the context of the self, particularly from the worker's perspective. In the conclusion the argument is made, as evidenced by these illustrations, for the importance of including the workers' perspective when attempting to understand the self.


Based on two element operations, called controlled-path gate and entangler, the non-destructive multi-photon parity check could be deterministically realized. With these operations, the realization of loss-tolerant optical quantum computation, including the generation of parity states, the realization of single-particle operation and two-particle CNOT operation, could be very simple but deterministic and highly efficient. Moreover, the character of detected free of single photons in the computation, except of the parity-check, will make the requirement of single-photon resources much relax. Compared with the former linear optical schemes, this scheme with cross-phase modulation is simpler but deterministic, and more efficient but with less resource, which will make it more feasible and suitable for large-scale quantum computation.


MM equations for electric arcs predict recirculation zones in front of electrodes of plasma torches that are consumed faster as a result. The same equations suggest that a weak applied uniform dc magnetic field parallel to the presumably axisymmetric plasma flow can remove the reverse flows, and thus protect the electrodes. As an example, results from a model for a water-stabilized plasma torch and its near-cathode region are presented. At an arc current of 400 A, an applied magnetic field of -0.06 T completely removes the recirculation zone.


OPEN ACCESS This open-access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (CC BY-NC) (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits reuse, distribution and reproduction of the article, provided that the original work is properly cited and the reuse is restricted to noncommercial purposes. For commercial reuse, contact firstname.lastname@example.com Kiss/Kiss1r system in reproductive axis, interaction with NKB


The first chapter discusses the concept of macros: its definition, structure, usage, design goals, and the related prior work. This thesis principally concerns my work on OLMP (an On-Line Macro Processor for the Motorola 6800 Microprocessor), which is a macro processor which interacts with the user. It takes Motorola assembler source code and macro definitions as its input; after the appropriate editing and expansions, it outputs the expanded assembler source statements. The functional objectives, the design for implementation of OLMP, the basic macro format, and the macro definition construction are specified in Chapter Two. The software and the hardware environment of OLMP are discussed in the third chapter. The six modules of OLMP are the main spine of the fourth chapter. The comments on future improvement and how to link OLMP with the Motorola 6800 assembler are the major concern of the final chapter.


Background: CD4 isoforms expressed on leukocyte surface have been reported. The function of the CD4 isoforms is, however, unknown. Several studies are conducted aiming to uncover the functions of the CD4 isoforms which will lead to a better understanding of the immune responses. Objectives: To identify CD4 isoforms expressed on leukocyte surface using two anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) clones MT4 and MT4/3. Materials and methods: Anti-CD4 mAbs MT4 and MT4/3 were purified by affinity chromatography. Specificity of the obtained purified mAbs were verified by 293T transfection and cell depletion experiment. Cellular distribution profiles of mAbs MT4 and MT4/3 were determined by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Identification of CD4 isoforms was performed by confocal microscopic analysis. Results: Anti-CD4 mAbs MT4 and MT4/3, generated in our research center, were purified and confirmed their specificity by CD4-DNA transfection and cell depletion experiment. Cellular distribution profiles obtained from mAbs MT4 and MT4/3 were similar to those obtained using standard anti-CD4 mAb. By confocal microscopic analysis, mAbs MT4 and MT4/3 were demonstrated to recognize different CD4 molecule expressed on cell surface. Conclusion: Anti-CD4 mAbs MT4 and MT4/3 were demonstrated to react with different CD4 isoforms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing that CD4 isoforms could be determined by specific mAbs. These mAbs will be an important tool for employing in characterization of structure and function of the CD4 isoforms.


In Romania exist wastes from metallurgical and machine building industries. Some wastes contained toxic metals that are dangerous for people and environment. The investigated waste is like suspension and must be dried. Itcontents Cr 6 + ion, about 10wt%, which can cause diseases of the digestive and breathing systems. The paper presents the researches of the National Glass Institute team and co-workers from UPB and TUI Germany to obtain a composite with a soda-lime matrix. The glass is from chemical point of view, a relative stable material against acids, water and alkali. That is way it can be used to obtain some composites which are able to incorporate different other materials with a lower chemical stability [1]. There were obtained, by sintering at 800-1000°C, co-lored composite having different shapes and a lower price. They can be used as decorative and building materials. By melting at 1450°C were obtained black glasses that can be used in making decorative objects. The storage of the waste in the glass matrix is possible up to 40wt%, the obtained materials having a good chemical stability (no chromium ions dissolve in water).


PURPOSE
We developed a smartphone application (App; EMOTEO: emotion-meteo [weather forecast]) to help borderline personality disorder (BPD) patients to monitor and regulate their inner tension. The App proposes targeted mindfulness-based exercises.

DESIGN AND METHODS
We assessed the usability and efficiency of this App for monitoring and reduction of aversive tension in 16 BPD participants over a 6-month period.

FINDINGS
We recorded a mean of 318.1 sessions (SD = 166.7) per participants, with a high level of satisfaction. There was a significant decrease in aversive tension (p < .05) and the App was mainly used around 10 a.m. and 9 p.m.

PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS
EMOTEO was user-friendly and efficient in reducing aversive tension in BPD patients.


The market economy is the economy on legal basis and on credit.The issue of the company credit is one of the basic issues touching on healthy development of China's market economy.There is a sole criterion in capital credit and in real credit,which has its rationality and also the errors.At present,the issue of company credit presents the tendency of diverse transformation based on multi-dimensional factors,with dynamic multiple perspectives,and is of the comprehensive evaluation of a company.Therefore,China should construct a multiple company credit system on the basis of capital credit and in real credit with the supports of the theory and the system.This credit system should be the comprehensive credit criteria,with the features of being dynamic,growing and covering various industries.


Although concerns about the moral domain of teaching have been expressed for more than 30 years, empirical studies investigating moral reasoning of in‐service and pre‐service teachers are sparse. Even fewer studies have investigated the effectiveness of educational interventions to advance moral reasoning in these populations. The purpose of this paper is to review the research on moral reasoning of and moral interventions with in‐service and pre‐service teachers and to suggest implications for teacher education programs. Results of the review indicate that moral reasoning levels of in‐service and pre‐service teachers are relatively low but can be increased through proper intervention.


The aerodynamic shape optimization design of the aircraft is to combine the aerodynamic performance analysis of the aircraft with the optimization method, by constantly changing the design shape of the aircraft, its aerodynamic performance is improved to achieve optimal aerodynamic performance under certain constraints. Aircraft aerodynamic shape optimization is a comprehensive design platform that integrates geometric parameterization, moving grid, CFD calculation and optimization algorithms. With the development of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the maturity of calculation methods, the role of aerodynamic shape optimization in modern aircraft design becomes more and more important. To this end, an aerodynamic shape optimization design platform based on non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) was established. In the optimization process, a mesh deformation method based on radial basis functions is used, and an arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian method (ALE) is used to describe the unsteady process of the wing. The optimization analysis of the large aspect ratio wing under subsonic conditions has certain reference value for the deformation problem in the aerodynamic shape optimization design.


Oral contraceptives (OCs) have been variously reported to have a positive, negative, or neutral effect on bone density. In a cross-sectional study of physically fit female cadets at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, researchers examined the association between bone mass and multiple factors including OC use, lifestyle, and menstrual function.

Participants were 107 white, 13 black, and 15 Asian …


Purpose: To report a case of Ahmed valve implantation in pseudophakic refractory paediatric glaucoma. Case Report: A 12 year old boy came to the Glaucoma clinic of Chittagong eye infirmary and training complex with secondary glaucoma resistant to pharmacological treatment in his right eye. Five years before, he underwent cataract extraction with implantation of posterior chamber intraocular lens in his right eye. On ocular examination, his BCVA was 6/60 in the right eye and 6/6 in the left eye. His IOP was 50mmHg in right eye and 16mmHg in the left eye on maximal anti-glaucoma medication. He then underwent Ahmed valve implantation in his right eye. Following the surgery, his visual acuity in the right eye was 6/36 and IOP was 12mmHg. Conclusion: Ahmed valve implantation is a safe and effective modality of treatment for refractory glaucoma. Proper diagnosis and timely intervention can save the eye.


Conclusions In rabbits, doses of acetylcholine which do not provoke convulsions induce hyperglycemia. This increase in blood sugar is prevented by the synaptic blocking agent tetraethylammonium, by nembutal and by removal of both adrenal glands. The acetylcholine-hyperglycemia thus is induced by adrenal synaptic stimulation, which increases epinephrine output. The acetycholine and epinephrine hyperglycemia are not abolished by an adrenolytic agent (SY 28). The hyperglycemia induced by high doses of an anticholinesterase drug (Nu-683) is also prevented by tetraethylammonium.


This paper teachers,Sports Consumption in Anhui province Colleges Universities as research objects,with questionnaire survey、 mathematical statistics methods etc.investigating and analyzing the modifying factors of sports consumption.The results indicate that the six greatest factors that influence the Colleges Universities teachers' sports consumption in order are the social cultural factor、sport consumption service facilities factor、time factor、economic factor、consciousness idea factor and personal interest factor.


This paper describes a new approach to assess high-resolution Carbon Dioxide (CO) distribution for the peninsula of Macao Special Administrative Region (S.A.R.). Firstly, two widely used vehicular pollution models, namely Danish Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM) and United States intersection vehicular pollution model (CAL3QHC), were applied to evaluate the roadside CO concentration from vehicular emission. It was found that the OSPM was more suitable in this region. Therefore, the OSPM was adopted to simulate such pollutants in front of each building block in the Macao peninsula. Geographic Information System (GIS) was utilized to run all model cases and store the model results automatically. The spatial pattern of CO distribution in all the main streets of Macao peninsula was found and the influence of traffic loading was shown by a spatial comparison of the CO concentration and traffic loading.


Low-PMD fibers are fundamental for the engineering of very-high capacity optical systems. Effective PMD reductions may be achieved by spinning the fiber as it is drawn. This paper reviews the PMD properties of periodically-spun fibers.


Objective To investigate the Salmonella contamination in chicken on retail,and provide basis for epidemiological investigation and prevention of food- poisoning. Methods Collect chicken liver,heart and breast on sale in markets. Separation,biochemical identification and serotyping the isolates strains. Results 89 Salmonella strains were isolated in 331 samples in 2013,and the positive rate was 26. 89%. Chicken liver,heart,chicken positive rate was 37. 56%( 77 /205),11. 11%( 11 /99) and 3. 70%( 1 /27). 89 strains of Salmonella was divided into 10 kinds of serotype. The dominant serotypes were S. enteritidis,S. indiana,S. senftenberg. Other serotype was S. Kentucky,S. Rissen,S. Redba,S. Fillmore,S. typhimurium,S. paratyphi A,S. gallinarum. There is no difference in Salmonella positive rate between farmer's markets and supermarkets of chicken liver. Conclusion Salmonella existed in some kinds of chicken products widely. The feature of Salmonella serotypes was polymorphic distribution and region- specific. There is the risk of food poisoning.


[1] The horizontal and vertical attenuation of the aerosol, the sky radiance, and the light absorption coefficient of the aerosol have been determined at wavelengths in the visible. From this set of data the following optical characteristics of the atmospheric aerosol could be derived: vertical optical depth, horizontal extinction and absorption coefficient, scattering phase function, asymmetry parameter, and single scattering albedo. Campaigns have been performed in Almeria, Spain, and Vienna, Austria. The aerosol undergoes a considerable variation, as experienced by many other studies. Sometimes the vertical and the horizontal measurements gave similar data; on other days the aerosol at the surface and the aerosol aloft were completely different. The "clearest" aerosol always had the smallest single scattering albedo and thus relatively the highest light absorption. The optical characteristics of the aerosol in the two very different locations were very similar. Using the measured optical data, a radiative transfer calculation was performed, and the radiation reaching the ground was calculated. Comparing the values for the clear aerosol and the days with higher aerosol load, the radiative forcing due to the additional aerosol particles could be determined. The forcing of the aerosol at the ground is always negative, and at the top of the atmosphere it is close to zero or slightly negative. Its dependence on wavelength and zenith angle is presented. The preindustrial aerosol in Europe was estimated, and the forcing due to the present-day aerosol was determined. At the surface it is negative, but at the top of the atmosphere it is close to zero or positive. This is caused by the light absorption of the European aerosol, which is higher than in most other locations.


cally, I believe may be confused with sarcomata, but radiographically are easily recognized: (1) Exostosis of femur. (2) Secondary deposit of carcinoma. (3) Secondary deposit of carcinonma at a later stage. (4) (5) (6) Syphilitic osteitis. (7) Typhoidal periostitis. (8) Localized osteo-periostitis. (9) Central abscess of bone. (10) Tuberculous osteitis with central abscess. (11) Old ossified scorbutic subperiosteal haenorrhage.


Abstract The future of energy is of global concern, with hydrogen emerging as a potential solution for sustainable energy development. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the current hydrogen energy landscape, its potential role in a decarbonized future, and the hurdles that need to be overcome for its wider implementation. The first elucidates the opportunities hydrogen energy presents, including its potential for decarbonizing various sectors, in addition addresses the challenges that stand in the way of hydrogen energy large-scale adoption. The obtained results provide a comprehensive overview of the hydrogen energy horizon, emphasizing the need to balance opportunities and challenges for its successful integration into the global energy landscape. It highlights the importance of continued research, development, and collaboration across sectors to realize the full potential of hydrogen as a sustainable and low-carbon energy carrier.


Objective To understand the relations between infant malnutrition and head circumference and mentality. Methods Forty malnutrition infants and 40 normally developed infants matched in age and sex were paired in 1∶1 and were compared on their head circumference and mentality index. Results The head circumference and mentality index in malnutrition cases were lower than those in normal cases, and the differences were statistical significance (P 0.01). Conclusion Head circumference and intelligence development of infants are closely related with nutriture.


Beginning with the general Bjorken-Mtingwa solution for intrabeam scattering (IBS) we derive an accurate, greatly simplified model of IBS, valid for high energy beams in normal storage ring lattices. In addition, we show that, under the same conditions, a modified version of Piwinski's IBS formulation (where {eta}{sub x,y}{sup 2}/{beta}{sub x,y} has been replaced by {Eta}{sub x,y}) asymptotically approaches the result of Bjorken-Mtingwa.


Supervisory methods that allow for direct observation of supervisee performance have been noted to contribute to supervisee satisfaction with supervision, and contribute to supervisors' ability to perform their supervisory responsibilities thoroughly and ethically. However, there is little data available on how frequently observational methods are employed in clinical supervisory practice. In this study, surveys completed by 150 professional psychology supervisees at all levels of training (from beginning practicum through postdoctoral training) and from all regions of the country provided data on supervisory practices during a two-week snapshot period as well as from their longer supervisory relationships. Results demonstrated that methods permitting direct observation of supervisee work were used very infrequently, that the most frequent methods involved supervisee-initiated case presentations, that supervisees believed that their supervisors were very knowledgeable about supervisees' clinical functioning, and that there was little variability associated with supervisee experience or level of training. Results are discussed in terms of how these supervisory practices limit supervisors' ability to fulfill key elements of their professional responsibilities and may increase their ethical vulnerability.


Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) is a perennial herb native to South America. Its sweetness (∼200–400 times sweeter than sucrose) results from steviol glycosides, particularly stevioside and rebaudioside A. Steviol glycosides are hydrolyzed in the gastrointestinal tract resulting in steviol, which is incompletely absorbed in the colon. In the liver, steviol is converted into its glucuronide derivative and renally excreted. While the use of stevia leaves and crude extracts is still prohibited in the US, steviol glycosides have been 'generally recognized as safe' (GRAS) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2008. We aimed to determine whether steviol glycosides and glucuronidation products can be found in biosamples collected as early as 2004.

 In 38 adults, steviol glycosides and glucuronide were analyzed in plasma and in corresponding cerebrospinal fluid samples (CSF); additional 2 persons had only CSF tested. Prenatal exposure was determined in biosamples from 28 individuals (13 amniotic fluid, 15 cord blood). We used ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) utilizing a Thermo Scientific Vanquish UPLC and a Thermo Scientific Altis triple quadruple mass spectrometer with heated electrospray ionization (HESI-II, Thermo Scientific) in negative ion mode (2500 V).

 Seven of 38 adults (18%) had detectable steviol glucuronide concentrations (5 in plasma only, 2 in both plasma and CSF). Maximal concentrations in plasma were 805.4 ng/mL and in CSF 3.3 ng/mL. Two of 13 amniotic fluid samples were positive for steviol glucuronide (max. conc. 93.5 ng/mL) and 1 of 15 cord blood samples contained a trace. In contrast to steviol glucuronide, steviol glycoside could not be measured.

 Steviol glucuronide was found in all types of biosamples (plasma, CSF, amniotic fluid and cord blood), most commonly in plasma (18%). This indicates that exposure to steviol metabolites starts in prenatal life and that these metabolites cross various barriers (e.g., blood-CSF, blood-amniotic fluid). Only samples obtained in and after 2008 were positive for steviol glucuronide, which coincides with the FDA approval. Potential health consequences of exposure to stevia metabolites require further study.

 N/A.


Abstract In the present paper an initial value problem for impulsive functional differential equations with variable impulsive perturbations is considered. By means of piecewise continuous functions coupled with the Razumikhin technique, sufficient conditions for boundedness of solutions of such equations are found.


ABSTRACT Purpose: To report the rate of post-operative infection in a cohort of 21 patients who underwent repair of orbital blowout fractures and did not receive post-operative oral antibiotics. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed to identify all patients who underwent repair of isolated orbital blowout fractures and did not receive post-operative oral antibiotics. The age, gender, duration of follow-up, and post-operative status were assessed. Results: 153 patients (93 males, 60 females) were identified who met the study criteria. All patients were seen at least three months after their surgery, and the mean follow up period was 165.3 days (standard deviation = 111.7 days). No patient developed a post-operative infection. Conclusions: In this cohort of patients who underwent orbital floor fracture repair and did not receive oral post-operative antibiotics, no infectious complications were identified. The routine use of these medications may not be necessary.


PURPOSE: A cultivation method of tomato with high calcium content is provided using an ionized calcium aqueous solution and Ecklonia cava extract in order to harvest tomatoes with high calcium content and sugar content. CONSTITUTION: A cultivation method of tomato with high calcium content comprises the following steps of: treating soil with ionized calcium made of shell powder at a ratio of 2kg/100pyeong; and alternately performing foliar application and drenching application with 0.05-0.20wt% mixture of ionized calcium aqueous solution and 0.1% Ecklonia cava extract liquid every 15 days after fruit setting of a flower cluster. A method for preparing the Ecklonia cava extract comprises the following steps; pulverizing Ecklonia cava to size of 100 mesh; putting the Ecklonia cava powder into 5-15 times amount of water and stirring with 120rpm at the temperature of 35°C; adding phosphate buffer solution to adjust pH 6.1 ~ 7.0, and adding cellulase, amylase, and protease; leaving them for 2 hours for reaction; and filtering with a 100μm filter paper.


Time-resolved X-ray diffraction is used to study the lattice response of FeRh during a laser-driven anti-ferromagnetic to ferromagnetic phase transition. The experiments reveal a fast and a slow component in the induced expansion dynamics.


Earlier research on the causes of extreme variation in the length of the Y chromosome has given ambiguous results. The development of the fluorescence technique has made it possible to study this chromosome in more detail. The results reported here indicated that extremely short and extremely long Y chromosomes result from structural changes, not from differences in amount of contraction. It is impossible, without study of further material, to draw conclusions on the clinical characteristics associated with aberrations in the length of this chromosome.


Five non-heterocystous filamentous cyanobacteria were isolated from Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot namely, Phormidium animale BTA 258 (P1), Leptolyngbya sp. BTA 287 (L1), Leptolyngbya sp. BTA 477 (L2), Leptolyngbya tenerrima BTA 766 (L3) and Phormidium tenue BTA 803 (P2). Fatty acids were profiled and compared with cyanobacterial fatty acids reported from Western Ghats. Cyanobacterial SFA% and MUFA% of Indo-Burma region were comparatively less as compared to Western Ghats with highest shown by heterocystous cyanobacteria (41- 98% total fatty acids). Indo Burma cyanobacterial isolates present more MUFA% in average as compared to PUFA%. PUFA% were high in P1 (11.20%) and P2 (11.36%) compared to non-heterocystous groups of both the hotspot. Butyric acid (C4:0) was significant as specific chemotaxonomic marker for the Phormidium animale and Leptolyngbya sp. of Indo-Burma region. High amount of C13:0, C14:0, C14:1, C15:0, C20:1 and C20:2 were obtained in Phormidium and Leptolyngbya of Indo-Burma region with C13:0 and C14:1 being the highest and present specifically. C15:0, C18:2n6t, C20:3n6, C22:1n9, C20:3n3, C20:4n6, C20:5n3, C22:2 and C24:1 showed diversed distribution and strain dependent at both the regions. C16:0 was found commonly in all the cyanobacteria of both the hotspots. C14:1, C15:1, C16:1, C17:1 and C18:1nt were absent in Phormidium strains of Western Ghats but present in both the Phormidium strains of Indo Burma region. Heterocystous strains of Western Ghats showed high GLA (C18:3n6) content compared to isolates of Indo-Burma region. Potential cyanobacterial candidates for chemotaxonomic marker and value added products from two hotspots of India can be ruled out from this current investigation. Keywords: Comparison, Cyanobacteria, fatty acids, Indo-Burma, Western Ghats


A system with SHESOP name built with the aim to facilitate and assist a person in obtaining services and information on health. This system was built in the complex, which could include a Steppy application on mobile devices that invites people to make physical activity of walking. This application will perform its counting footsteps, to monitor the achievement of physical activity daily. Steppy designed with usability aspects of the application, so that it can be useful to effectively and efficiently for the wearer. Interaction design is designing a product to help people interact in daily life. This paper describes the interaction design Steppy based on factor usability which is make this application acceptable by user.


Processing of large spatial data sets often poses specific demands on computation time and allocation of resources. For an efficient processing, a partitioning of the whole task into subtasks is needed, which is mainly achieved by creating a spatial partitioning of the whole scene. When complex, context dependent operations have to be computed, such as generalization, a simple spatial partitioning is not possible. In the paper, different partitioning schemes will be presented for three different generalization operations. Furthermore, first results of using the parallelization framework Hadoop will be shown.


Several studies have tried to relate polymers' enhanced oil recovery (EOR) potential to their viscoelastic characteristics such as onset, rheo thickening, extensional viscosity, and Deborah number (De). Contradictions prevail when it comes to reduction in residual oil saturation (Sor) during polymer flooding and the role of extensional properties. De calculated using the oscillatory relaxation time fails to explain the different pressure profiles exhibited by the viscous and viscoelastic polymers. Extensional viscosity has been ignored in many studies as the reason for additional Sor reduction based on the core-scale apparent viscosity and core-scale capillary number (Nc). In recent studies, a significant oil mobilization was shown by the viscoelastic polymers even before the critical Nc, which indicates that the capillary theory breaks out under specific conditions during polymer flooding. Moreover, the additional residual oil recovery caused by the high-salinity polymer solutions cannot be explained by the oscillatory De.
 In this paper, we compile and examine many such unresolved challenges from various literature with rheological and petrophysical insights. The uniaxial bulk extensional rheology is performed on the relevant polymers using a capillary breakup extensional rheometer to measure the extensional relaxation time, maximum extensional viscosity at the critical De, and strain hardening index. A detailed analysis signifies the role of extensional rheology on the viscoelastic onset, rheo thickening, and Sor reduction even under varying salinity conditions. The results also highlight the advantages of extensional rheology over oscillatory rheology and validate the capillary theory using modified capillary number.


1H and 13C nuclear relaxation of paramagnetic iron(III) tetraphenylporphyrin–imidazole complexes has been investigated in order to gain insight into the relationship between the paramagnetic relaxation rate and the electron-nucleus distance. The analysis of the nuclear spin–lattice relaxation time (T1) in terms of the distance indicated that, for the iron porphyrin complexes used, the contribution of the electron-nucleus dipolar coupling no longer contributes significantly to the relaxation process of a proton located at more than 0.75 nm away from the iron. For the complexes studied, the electron spin–lattice relaxation time (T1e) of 6.4 ps was calculated from the T1 values measured at 26°C.


A 63-year-old woman presented to her general practitioner with progressive cognitive impairment and chronic headache. MRI of her brain demonstrated bilateral extra-axial enhancing frontal lobe masses of similar morphology and enhancement pattern ( white arrows , figure 1) causing midline shift to the left and hydrocephalus. There was mild transependymal flow of cerebrospinal fluid from the atrium of the right lateral ventricle ( arrow , figure 2). Further MRI showed a dilated right middle meningeal artery supplying the larger of these two bifrontal masses ( arrow , figure 3). A third intra-axial rim-enhancing left parietal mass ( black arrow , figure 1) was also identified.

Figure 1
Axial …


Leadership styles practiced around the world vary situation to situation and organization to organization. There is no fixed style of leadership that is preferred across the board. Therefore, it is not possible to say that any one leadership style should be effective for all people and in all situations. However some are preferred more than others. In this study we selected three styles of leadership on the basis of assumption and understanding of Sui Southern Gas Company Limited. Therefore this is the limitation of the study. In the survey that we conducted we found that although there is a leadership preference by the respondents but in practice they do not observe what they preach. This is a contradiction of their own statements. We conclude that among the three leadership styles that we took for the survey none of them is practiced as such in the company.


Objective To provide data on specific growth rates (SGRs) of primary tumours (PT-SGR) and largest pathological cervical lymph nodes (LN-SGR) for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). To explore PT-SGR's and LN-SGR's correlation with selected biomarkers epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Ki67 and CD44. Design and setting Retrospective study performed at a tertiary oncological referral centre in Innsbruck, Austria. Participants Adult patients with incident HNSCC treated with primary radiotherapy (RT) or radiochemotherapy (RCT). Outcome measures Volumes of the primary tumour (PT-volume) and largest pathological cervical lymph node (LN-volume) were measured in CT scans obtained at time of diagnosis and subsequent planning CTs immediately prior to RT or RCT. SGRs were calculated assuming an exponential growth function. PT-SGR's and LN-SGR's correlation with EGFR, Ki67 and CD44 were explored. Results In 123 patients, mean interval between diagnostic and planning CT was 29±21 days. PT-SGR was 1.8±1.8% (mean±SD) per day and was positively correlated with EGFR, Ki67 and CD44 expression (p=0.02; p=0.02; p=0.03). LN-SGR was 1.7±2.0% per day and increased with larger initial LN-volume, was lower in laryngeal cancer (p=0.003) and slowed down with time. LN-SGR was not correlated with EGFR, Ki67 or CD44 expression in primary tumours (p>0.12). New cartilage or bone infiltration occurred in 10 patients and new central lymph node necrosis in 8 patients. Conclusions HNSCCs are fast-growing tumours for which treatment must not be delayed. Clinical tumour growth rates are influences by EGFR, KI67 and CD44 expression.


In order to be well prepared to face the future business career, knowledge application ability is probably the most important skill for business students. The objective of the study is to enhance student's application performance in learning Marketing through the highly developed computer technology—virtual reality. For students often play the role of passive learners rather than active participants in usual lecture- and examination-based Marketing classroom, and the subject combines theory and practice, so it is critical for learners to have the opportunities of practical experiences to shorten the gap between class theory and practice of the real world and be well-prepared to face their business career in the future. A virtual supermarket with a virtual customer is designed to be the system. The questions are designed from the contents of marketing theory and are connected to be a scenario to be proposed by the virtual customer. The participants have to answer the scenario questions by applying the marketing theory concepts to the real world situation. The preliminary results showed that students are highly interested in the new learning system


Despite the evidences on the positive impact of exclusive breastfeeding on the health of the child and mother, this prevalence is worrying, because, even being a powerful behavior of health promotion, is still little adopted. Given this scenario, it is evident the need of intensifying efforts to promote exclusive breastfeeding and identify its strategies. Some practices of incentive to breastfeeding in maternity hospitals are associated with increased duration of breastfeeding and there is a dose-response relationship between the number of practices to which mother-baby pairs are exposed and the duration of exclusive breastfeeding. However, there are no studies that have evaluated the effect of a set of practices of encouragement and support to breastfeeding in the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding. The idea of this study was born from the knowledge of this lack, being its goal to evaluate the association between a set of pro-breastfeeding practices in maternity hospitals and the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in the first month of the baby's life, taking into account the contribution of each of the practices to this effect. It's a cross-sectional study involving 287 women who had delivered in two maternity hospitals in Porto Alegre, Brazil: one public, with certification in the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative, and another private, without certification in such Initiative. Women who had babies to term, non-twins and with no neonatal complications were randomly selected, and after 30 days of delivery, they were interviewed at home. The evaluated pro-breastfeeding practices were: skin-to-skin contact, breast-feeding in the first hour, rooming-in, professional support in breastfeeding, breastfeeding orientations, encouragement to feeding on demand, non-supplementation with infant formula and no pacifier. It was elaborated a latent variable, summarizing in a single measure the results of such practices called pro-breastfeeding practices score with the adjustment of a model of Item Response Theory (IRT), the Two-Parameter Logistic Model that allows that each practice has its discrimination and difficulty parameters individually estimated. It was used the Poisson regression with robust variance to verify the association between exclusive breastfeeding at 30 days of life and the score of practices of breastfeeding encouragement and support, being estimated the prevalence ratio (PR) and its respective confidence intervals (CI 95%). As results, it was found prevalence of 61.7% of exclusive breastfeeding at the 30 days of the child's life. The practices with greater discrimination capacity, that is, which contributed the most in the score estimations, were: professional support for breastfeeding, breastfeeding orientation, and incentive to breastfeeding on demand. The most difficult ones were: suckling within the first hour of life, on-demand


To fabricate submicrometer transistors practical for LSI by conventional photolithography with a minimum pattern width of 1.5 μm, a self-aligned process using a selective etching of polysilicon technology (SEPT) has been developed. Compared with the formation of fine patterns by side etches of overhangs, this process, using an oxide thickness and a diffusion distance as a pattern width, has a high accuracy and reduces the variation of the base voltage (VBE) which becomes an important characteristic when the emitter size is reduced by a self-alignment technique. In this method of self-aligning the base contact and the emitter, a submicron transistor with emitter width of 0.8 μm, base-emitter spacing of 0.4 μm, and the base contact width of 0.3 μm can be fabricated with a mask pattern of 1.5 μm width. By the reduction of the active region, the junction capacitance and the base resistance which affect the high-speed performance have been reduced drastically. A 25-stage, 3-input ECL ring oscillator designed with practical rules of 1.5 μm minimum pattern width and 4.5 μm interconnection pitch has shown a delay of 95 ps (ICS = 0.78 mA). Since this method has a high-dimensional accuracy and reduces the VBE variation which becomes an important characteristic for LSI, it can be used in further scaling.


To investigate the ability of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development—Third Edition (Bayley‐III), scores to predict later Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Fourth Edition (WISC‐IV), performances in a cohort of children born extremely preterm.


The present invention relates to a intake air quantity (MAF) sensor, and a control method for compensating for the valve lift variation by a manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensors for pressure measurement in the intake manifold which measures the reference air flow rate, the valve lift variation study steps to make sure that it meets the conditions for learning; Comparing the pressure value of the confirmation step after the manifold absolute pressure (MAP) pressure values and the modeled surge tank measured by the sensor; When the measured pressure value and the modeled pressure values differ, the step of learning a valve lift; To provide a continuously variable valve lift (CVVL) mechanism mounted between the engine valve lift variation compensation method that includes; calculating a final valve lift after the learning phase to compensate for the learning workload of the valve lift in the main valve lift properties May by possible deviations corresponding in various types of valve lift by a deviation learning value of the valve lift, and to minimize the variation in the intake-air flow rate through the engine between the valve lift learning secure the same engine characteristics, a continuously variable valve lift (CVVL ) can improve the quality of the Organization of the engine.


At present,there are some problems existing in graduation project teaching of the civil engineering specialty which cannot cultivate the innovation ability,and in order to solve these effectively,we should constructean effectivel teaching system and examination mechanism at once that are good for cultivating the ability of innovation and life-long education.Based on the practice,this paper analyses these problems existing in graduation project teaching of the specialty of civil engineering,focuses on the quality improvement of graduation project for undergraduates,and discusses some details of the exploration and practice on the quality management of graduation project in the specialty of civil engineering of Huaiyin Institute of Technology,such as deepening the quality consciousness,strengthening the course quality control,exchang grnanagemeat experience and other methods of quality control.


The potential for genetic interactions between hatchery and wild populations of salmonids in northwestern North America has increased considerably in recent decades. Efforts to mitigate severe losses to many wild stocks caused by overfishing, destruction of habitat, and blockage of migratory routes have focussed on boosting artificial production in public hatcheries. Opportunities for genetic interactions between hatchery and wild fish will increase if efforts to supplement wild production with hatchery-reared fish continue. Concerns center on three issues: (1) direct genetic effects (caused by hybridization and introgression); (2) indirect genetic effects (principally due to altered selection regimes or reductions in population size caused by competition, predation, disease, or other factors); and (3) genetic changes to hatchery stocks (through selection, drift, or stock transfers), which magnify the consequences of hybridization with wild fish. Strategies for minimizing these genetic risks and monitorin...


I tend to describe joy as this experience of transformation or release from the constraint or costume of the individual or the subject [ … ] I think it ' s about floating, it ' s about being nothing and being everything at the same time; this sense of the self disappearing in the context of the vastness of the earth, the ocean, the sky, the land. That kind of joy is always about self-dissolution, escape. The vanishing line of the maroon coincides with that of the magician: a ' beyond ' of the visible which is also a beyond of colonial reality, a projection of a world that is both past and to come.


The Medical image database is growing day by day [1]. Most of the medical images are stored in DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) format. There are various categories of medical images such as CT scan, XRay, Ultrasound, Pathology, MRI, Microscopy, etc [2]. Physicians compare previous and current medical images associated patients to provide right treatment. Medical Imaging is a leading role in modern diagnosis. Efficient image retrieval tools are needed to retrieve the intended images from large growing medical image databases. Such tools must provide more precise retrieval results with less computational complexity. This paper compares the various techniques for DICOM medical image retrieval and shows that the proposed geometric and image segmentation based image retrieval algorithm performs better as compared to other algorithms.


In the paper we describe problems related to steady-state Monte-Carlo burnup calculations of nuclear fuel. The existence of power profile oscillations coupled with Xe instabilities in LWR system was shown using code MCB5. The problem comes from instability of staircase point depletion algorithm applied to exponential solution of Bateman equations. The new methodology suggested in literature was implemented and tested. The results of calculations and efficiency of new model are important from


Objective: To evaluate the accuracy and value of real;time three;dimensional echocardiography in measurement of left atrial volume and function in coronary heart disease. Methods: The maximum left atrial volume(LAVmax), minimum left atrial volume(LAVmin), left atrial volume before systole(LAVbs), left atrial systolic volume (LASV), left atrial ejection fraction(LAEF) were measured with MRI, real;time three;dimensional echocardiography(RT;3DE) and two;dimensional echocardiography(2DE) in coronary heart disease group(n=28); were measured with RT;3DE in control group(n=30). The velocity of E wave(E), A wave(A), the deceleration time of the E wave(EDT) and E/A ratio in diastolic mitral valve flow graph were measured with plused Doppler echocardiography in both groups. The different results between two groups or among different methods were compared. Results: The values of LAVmax, LAVmin, LAVbs, LASV and LAEF were not significantly different between RT;3DE and cine;MRI(P0.05); significantly lower with 2DE than with cine;MRI(P0.05); high related in RT;3DE and cine;MRI(r=0.87~0.94). The value of LAEF obtained with RT;3DE had a positive relation with that with EDT (r=0.87)and a negative relation with E/A ratio (r=-0.85)obtained with plused Doppler echocardiography.Conclusion: The left atrial volume and function can be measured accurately and reliably with RT;3DE and can correctly reflect the left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in coronary heart disease. RT;3DE provides a new method of observing left atrial volumes and functions and evaluating more comprehensively and accurately the left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in coronary heart disease.


Garfield County Resident Perceptions of the Indirect Effects of the 2002 Winter Olympics by Cary M. Deccio Dr. Seyhmus Baloglu, Examination Committee Chair Professor of Tourism and Marketing University of Nevada. Las Vegas This study examined rural resident perceptions of a nearby mega-event. Tourism leaders can gauge resident perceptions and thereby plan development in conjunction with the local people, not in spite of them. It is anticipated that the 2002 Winter Olympics will have some impact on Garfield County, Utah. Using social exchange theory, the study sought to better understand public sentiment regarding the upcoming mega-event. Certain resident values were examined in relation to tourism. The results show that some residents perceive that the Olympics will bring opportunities, but most residents do not anticipate any impact from the event. Residents who are economically dependent upon tourism and those who participate in outdoor activities support the Olympics. Environmentally conscious residents are opposed to the Olympics. Most residents indicate that they do not support or oppose the event


Perhaps because John Rawls attempts to separate ideal theory and non-ideal theory too sharply from each other, The Law of Peoples formulates principles to govern cooperative international relations only among the ideal states that Rawls labels `peoples'. An important and presumably numerous category of non-peoples are those he calls `outlaw states'. To guide international relations between peoples and outlaw states Rawls offers only principles of just war. Either Rawls is assuming in a kind of Hobbesian pessimism that large numbers of actual states are in a permanent state of war with each other, or he has neglected to formulate principles to govern non-hostile international relations between peoples and outlaw states. This article explores whether, within Rawls's own categories, it might be possible to specify a minimal content for a form of international public reason in accord with which some peoples and some outlaw states could avoid war with each other and treat each other with reciprocity. It is essential to incorporate the fact, which Rawls acknowledges but generally ignores, that not all internally repressive states are externally aggressive. It may be possible for peoples to coexist peacefully with the subset of outlaw states that are non-aggressive. One great danger, however, is that reciprocally acceptable terms for international relations would need to leave unchallenged too much violation of human rights within the repressive states.


Kamel Mellahi and Harry Sminia provide the guest editors' introduction to the special issue of International journal of management reviews on the frontiers of strategic management research


Significance Recently it has been suggested that metformin, the most commonly used antidiabetic drug, might also possess general health-promoting properties. Elucidating metformin's mode of action will vastly increase its application range and will contribute to healthy aging. We reveal a signaling cascade in which metformin is able to extend lifespan by increasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This allowed us to further work at the crossroads of human disease and aging research, identifying a key molecule that is able to translate the ROS signal into a prolongevity cue: an antioxidant peroxiredoxin is also able to activate a lifespan-promoting signaling cascade, here described in detail. Continued research efforts in this field lead toward a targeted improvement of aging-related complications. The antiglycemic drug metformin, widely prescribed as first-line treatment of type II diabetes mellitus, has lifespan-extending properties. Precisely how this is achieved remains unclear. Via a quantitative proteomics approach using the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, we gained molecular understanding of the physiological changes elicited by metformin exposure, including changes in branched-chain amino acid catabolism and cuticle maintenance. We show that metformin extends lifespan through the process of mitohormesis and propose a signaling cascade in which metformin-induced production of reactive oxygen species increases overall life expectancy. We further address an important issue in aging research, wherein so far, the key molecular link that translates the reactive oxygen species signal into a prolongevity cue remained elusive. We show that this beneficial signal of the mitohormetic pathway is propagated by the peroxiredoxin PRDX-2. Because of its evolutionary conservation, peroxiredoxin signaling might underlie a general principle of prolongevity signaling.


Experimental studies on aerodynamic characteristics of RLV are conducted. The fundamental configurations of RLV are categorized in lifting body and wing body. The aerodynamic characteristics of those configurations in subsonic, transonic and supersonic regions are measured and discussed. Also, an experimental study on the improvement of aerodynamic characteristics of space transportation system by active control has been conducted by using lateral blowing in subsonic flow. The results show active control with lateral blowing can be useful for the improvement of aerodynamic characteristics of RLV in subsonic flow.


I N the past year 4 cases have come to our attention in which the patient's only complaint was that of a progressive painless enlargement of a cervical lymph node. Microscopic examination of the nodes in each case revealed adenocarcinoma, morphologically similar to thyroid tissue. In no case was there a palpable rp.ass in the thyroid gland. Multiple sections of the apparently normal thyroid lobe were made following surgical removal of the gland, and, in each instance, a primary focus of adenocarcinoma was found. These foci were morphologically similar to the tumor in the cervical nodes. These 4 cases are presented as examples of cervical lymph node metastases from small inconspicuous tumors of the thyroid which were not evident on gross examination of the gland.


BACKGROUND : Gel microcolumns can be used to detect unexpected serum antibodies and to determine ABO blood group and Rh phenotype. DATs can also be performed with this system. The purpose of this study was to compare the gel microcolumn to the tube IAT using anti‐IgG for the detection of antibodies eluted from RBCs.


The dominant technology for large Waste-to-Energy (WTE) facilities is combustion on a moving grate of "as-received" municipal solid wastes (MSW). However, there are circumstances where a low-capacity plant (<100,000 tons per year) is required. This study examines the technical, economic, and environmental aspects of some small-scale WTE technologies currently in operation. The Energos technology was developed in Norway, in order to provide relatively small communities with an economically efficient alternative to mass-burn incineration with equally low emissions to the atmosphere and flexibility in feedstock. All operating plants treat MSW plus additional streams of commercial or industrial wastes. Prior to thermal treatment, the materials are shredded in a high-torque, low-rpm shredder and ferrous metals are removed magnetically. The feedstock is partially oxidized on a moving grate in the gasification chamber where the fixed carbon is completely burnt off. The volatilized gases are fully combusted in a second chamber and the heat is transferred to a heat recovery system for steam generation. The Energos gasification technology is currently in operation at six plants in Norway, one in Germany, and one in the UK. As expected, the capital cost per ton of annual ton of capacity increases with decreasing plant capacity, while there is a linear relationship between energy recovery and capacity. Some other small-scale technologies are investigated in this study and will be reported at the NAWTEC meeting. Low capacity (<80,000 tons) WTE facilities require a relatively small footprint (1.5 to 2 acres; <1 hectare) and it is believed that these facilities can be built at a capital cost per ton that is as low, or lower, than that of large mass burn WTE facilities.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


The responses of wild‐type Lemna paucicostata, used as the experimental stock, to seven heavy metals were investigated with a hydroponic culture in a culture facility. The results showed that six of the metals could induce L. paucicostata to release daughter fronds from the mother frond before maturity, resulting in breakup of the colony. This phenomenon is novel and has not been reported before. Six of the heavy metals investigated—copper, cadmium, nickel, zinc, mercury, and chromium—could induce this response, but sensitivity and response of the plant varied. When Cu2+ at a concentration of 0.2 μmol/L was added, the response was significantly different from that of the control after a 2‐h exposure. The response to cadmium (0.8 μmol/L) was significantly different after a 6‐h exposure; to zinc (10 μmol/L) and nickel (5 μmol/L), after 5 and 7 h, respectively. But for lead, even at a concentration of 80 μmol/L for 96 h, no colony breakup was induced. The response to heavy metals occurred within 24 h; increasing the exposure by another 24 h had nearly no additional effect on the colony breakup. When the response was over, the number of colonies with fronds varied with the inducement capacity of the metal. Nutrients could affect the sensitivity of L. paucicostata to some heavy metals, such as mercury, chromium, zinc, and nickel, but not to copper and cadmium. Sensitivity was also changed when CuCl2 was used as the copper source instead of CuSO4. These results indicate that some heavy metals could serve as a toxicant for inducing L. paucicostata to release daughter fronds in advance. This change might involve a stress response such as ethylene production. Also discussed is the possibility of this response as a biomarker in a bioassay. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 19: 95–102, 2004


The expectations of economic agents have significant impact on their decisions and are key determinants of macroeconomic outcomes such as inflation, economic growth and unemployment. For example, if a worker believes that consumer prices will rise sharply next year, she would demand a wage increase. Similarly, a homeowner with a fixed interest mortgage might make an early repayment if she expects price levels to fall, knowing that the real value of her mortgage debt will increase. In these cases, expectations about inflation could lead to changes in behaviour and in the aggregate, influence prices and become self-fulfilling.


The purpose of this paper is to analyse the control systems in the economics of banking following the main theoretical contributions of the Economia aziendale and management scholars. In such perspective of analysis control systems contribute to effective bank management. Control systems take a strategic approach to the pursuit of economic and financial results, efficiency and effectiveness of a banking organization. After having briefly outlined some structural and processual aspects of the control system the paper reflects upon some insightful theoretical contributions.


The burning and the decarburizing properties to the coal series kaolin of Heidaigou in Inner Mongolia are studied.The infrared spectrometry,differential thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis were used to characterize its crystal structure.The results shows this material has fine crystallinity and higher purity.This study provided the theoretical basis for the comprehensive utilization.


We investigate households' demand for solar energy in France, Germany, Italy and US, using a loglinear demand for each, and a combined panel data, with fixed effects, for 2000-2012. The dependent variable is household's installed solar panels; whereas the independent variables are income, price of solar panels, interest rate, representing the cost of financing of a project, and price of "traditional energy." With R2 being 0.9, all coefficients having expected theoretical signs and statistical significance in all specifications, our model can be generalized for other countries' households' solar demand. This is a major contribution to the theoretical and empirical literature.


The percentage contents of styrene (St) and α-methylstyrene (α-MSt) in St-based polymers such as polystyrene (PS), acrylonitrile-St (SAN) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-St (ABS) products were determined by pyrolysis-gas chromatography.St-based polymers were dissolved in dichloromethane and 4μl of 5% polymer solution was used for the determination. The calibration curves from 40 to 200μg of PS and poly α-methylstyrene (Pα-MS) were linear.Suitable pyrolysis temperatures for PS and Pα-MS for the formation of St and α-MSt were 500-640°C and 420-600°C, respectively. Moreover, the repeatability was found to be 1.61 and 2.22% for 0.2mg of the polymers, respectively.Commercial St-based polymer materials such as containers, trays, lids, cups, sheets, ladles and graters were analyzed, and most of the samples were found to contain more than 50% St and/or α-MSt.


BSTRACT .— Three localities in the Coniacian Dalton Sandstone along the Rio Puerco in Bernalillo County, New Mexico, yield numerous teeth of selachians in addition to other vertebrate fossils. The selachian fauna is composed of Scapanorhynchus raphiodon, Squalicorax kaupi, Pseudohypolophus mcnultyi, Ptychotrygon triangularis, Ischyriza mira, Cantioscyllium


An insight into the history of Igbo people of southern Nigeria remarks that the people had a well-articulated socio-political system that worked very well for the people for maintenance of social relationship and peaceful co-existence. The organs in the socio-political system included the Age Grade Associations and different Women Guilds like the Umuada and Inyomdi Associations. They served as vital tools for identifying evil deeds in the society, adjudicate and enforce discipline especially in the pre-colonial Igbo period. Preliminary investigation reveals that with the advent of colonialism, the strength of these Associations declined and eventually weakened and in some cases disappeared in some areas. This is not unconnected with the colonial method of dislodging some Igbo cultures and values. The aim of this paper is to carry out research into the state of the associations today and to suggest a way of revitalization. In doing this, both normative theory and descriptive method of analysing historical events shall be adopted. Secondary and oral interviews shall be relied upon. Eye witness account shall also be utilized. This paper is of the opinion that the government shall set up an advisory committee to study the pre-colonial dispute management mechanism of various ethnic groups in Nigeria. This will enable the nation to reduce the frequent conflict explosions in the country.


The mass media has become an important tool of the governing and a powerful weapon of politics. TV is not only for entertainment,but also for influencing the public opinion and the construction of society. Under the guidance of the "objective" reporting of TV,the audience are led by the tone of the media and sometimes become unconscious of their own ideas. The present paper studies the ideology underlying the TV text.


Objective To investigate the mechanisms of neuron injury induced by thrombin. Methods The cortex neurons of the newly born rats were cultured in culture medium containing 150 U/ml thrombin, 150 U/ml thrombin plus 150 U/ml hirudin, and in normal culture medium, respectively. At 3 d after culture, remnant cells were counted by toluidine blue staining and the loss rate of neurons was calculated; TUNEL positive cells were detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labelling; caspase 3 immune reactivity cells were detected by immunohistochemistry; and the LDH activities were measured in the culture medium. Results Neurons in thrombin groups were decreased obviously as compared with those in hirudin groups or the control groups ( P 0 05). There were more TUNEL positive cells and caspase 3 IR cells in thrombin groups than those in hirudin groups or the control groups, so were the TUNEL positive cells rate and the caspase 3 IR cells rate. LDH activities increased in the three groups. However there was no statistical significance between the three groups. Conclusion Thrombin at the dose of 150 U/ml could induce neuron death in culture, which could be blocked by hirudin, a special inhibitor of thrombin. The cause of neuron death is not necrosis but apoptosis.


Lottery issuing is one of the essential means in national public funds raising,which primarily helps promote welfare physical education and has become a popular event in social life.Sports lottery is one example,through which probability and statistics are employed to check the reliability of the results so as to show the importance of mathematics in our daily activities.


This review covers the literature up to 1988, and emphasis is given to the analytical applications of the special reagents. Many of the reagents discussed in the present article have strong fundamental basis from ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) studies, but these aspects have not been included in this survey


The characteristics of wave-induced residual currents and residual hydrodynamic force caused by plural submerged asymmetrical roughness in oscillatory flows were experimentally investigated. Firstly, the mechanism of residual currents induced by wave were discussed on the basis of hydrodynamic force on an asymmetrical roughness in an oscillatory flow tank and velocity around plural asymmetrical roughness in a vertical 2-dimensional wave tank. Secondly, some parameters affecting a wave-induced residual current were discussed. It is found that residual currents are produced by inertia force and drag one due to an asymmetry of roughness in an oscillatory flow. Furthermore, the directions of residual hydrodynamic force and a residual current are reversed in some condition of longitudinal interval of asymmetrical roughness.


The bachelor thesis "Psychological aspects in Anselm Grun's work exemplified with his work Kraftvolle Visionen gegen Burnout und Blockaden. Den Flow beflugeln" focuses on a popular German Benedictine priest Anselm Grun and his writing activity. The thesis deals with function of psychology in a Grun's book "Kraftvolle Visionen gegen Burnout und Blockaden. Den Flow beflugeln", discusses burnout and the author's approach to its prevention, analyses Grun's literary style, and presents his sources of inspiration.


Nowadays, China is rebuilding the state-owned enterprises ac- cording to the Corporation Law. A rational structure of managing enterprises is necesary for the enterprises to run properly. Unfortunately, the cooporationized state-owned enterprises do not run properly due to the following practises: the structure of corporation-managing is deformed out of the unbalanced rate of shareholding;;the board of share-holders is virtually formalized; the board of directors has changed from centralization to monopolization; the managerial organ is too powerful and the supervisory board can't function properly. all the above mentioned practises lead to an abnormal operation of the corporations. Therefore, it is vital to have a reasonable limitation and control of the inner power resources of the corporations so as to construct a sound inner managing frame of the state- owned enterpises.


Background: Diseases of gallbladder are incidentally found and when symptomatic, present with sign and symptoms of cholecystitis and cholelithiasis. Routine examination of gallbladder both grossly and microscopically shows many interesting findings.
Aim: The aim of the study was to observe and analyze the diverse morphological and histopathological features of gallbladder specimens following cholecystectomy procedure.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Department of Pathology, Gazi Medical College, Khulna; from April 2019 to March 2021 and the sample size was 62. After routine tissue processing and H/E staining all the slides were thoroughly examined under light microscope stains to confirm the diagnosis as well as to evaluate histopathologic characteristics. The data was tabulated and statistical analysis was performed.
Results: Out of 62 cases 30.64% samples belonged to age 26-35 years and the mean age was 44.32 years. 69% patients were female with a female to male ratio 2.26:1. Histologically, majority of the cases (54.83%) were diagnosed as chronic cholecystitis, followed by chronic cholecystitis with cholelithiasis (14.51%). Total 8 (12.91%) patients were found to have carcinoma of gallbladder with 50% of them belonging to grade I.
Conclusion: Predominance of female gender in gallbladder ailment is clear from this study. Cholecystitis is the most common gallbladder disease. Microscopy varieties of histomorphological changes, including metaplasia and precursor changes are suggestive of high risk for gallbladder malignancy. Therefore, prompt detailed histopathological analysis of the cholecystectomy specimens will help to confirm the benign nature of the disease or to detect any precursors of malignancy.
Mediscope 2022;9(1): 1-4


Passiflora edulis var. edulis is a plant of commercial interest because of it fruits. The seeds, a by-product in the food industry, can be a source of oil for cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industries. The aims of this work were to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted emulsification conditions for o/w nanoemulsions and to evaluate the emollient activity of the seed oil. The optimum emulsification conditions were established, using the response surface methodology with a Box-Behnken design (BBD). The emollient activity of seed oil of P. edulis var. edulis was evaluated with healthy volunteers using a cutometer for skin moisture and viscoelasticity measurements. The optimal formulation variables (85.34 W of ultrasonic power, 5.96 irradiation time, 70.65% water and a 5:4 oil:surfactant ratio), resulted in considerable improvement in the properties of the ultrasonically formulated nanoemulsions. Finally, the seed oil of P. edulis var. edulis and the nanoemulsion generated by ultrasound presented emollient activity.


Random samples of gardenia produced in Chongqing were used as the experimental materials,their gardenin content was determined with HPLC,and the distribution of gardenin content in them was analyzed with x2-test,so as to provide useful information for objectively evaluating quality of gardenia and efficiently selecting its good breeds. The gardenin content of gardenia in Chongqing was in the range of 1.47%~6.44%,averaging 4.07%,and x2=10.6841x20.05(6)=12.59,p0.05. There were no remarkable differences between the practical distribution times of gardenin content and theoretical normal distribution times. The gardenin content of gardenia in Chongqing was shown to be distributed normally,around 4%,and its quality was consistent with the standard of Chinese Pharmacopeia.


A computer vision system (256×256 pixels, 64 gray levels) was used for the nondestructive evaluation of the degree of cracks in rice. White spot light applied to a rice kernel parallel to its major diameter in a dark room provided the best viewing conditions.The principle of evaluation was based on four indices extracted from both gray level profile and gray level histogram. Each index was numerized by the membership function. The fuzzy integral was used to put four values of indices together and the extent of cracks was numerically presented. With the algorithms developed, damaged kernels ware detected with an error rate of 2%.


To resolve the problems existing in fire protection administrativeexecution practice nowadays,we must reform it and construct servicing government through such aspects as changing the concept of fire protection execution,re-constructing its functions,improving its quality and establishing the system of responsibility of execution.


short 15 years after Orville and Wilbur made their historic flight at Kitty Hawk, General Electric entered the annals of aviation history. In 1918, GE strapped an exhaust-driven turbocharger to a Liberty engine and carted it to the top of Pike's Peak, CO — elevation 14,000 feet. There, in the crystalline air of the majestic Rockies, they successfully boosted this 350 hp Liberty engine to a remarkable 356 hp (a normally aspirated engine would only develop about 62 percent power at this altitude). An astounding altitude record of 38,704 feet was achieved three years later by Lt. J.A. Macready. This new technology began immediately experiencing a rapid evolution with the full strength of blowers being tested during WWII. The B-17 and B-29 bombers along with the P-38 and P-51 fighters were all fitted with turbochargers and controls. Turbocharging had brought a whirlwind of change to the ever-broadening horizons of flight. Much of the early developments in recip turbocharging came as a result of demands A Reprinted with permission from Aircraft Maintenance Technology, July 1999


The Humane Metropolis is an edited volume of 24 papers from a 2002 conference of the same name. Primarily aimed at a North American context, it discusses how cities may be developed sustainably and the qualities of people place interactions that are afforded by urban locations. The central premise of the book is to update and extend the work of William (Holly) Whyte in exploring the potential of human habitation, both in the infrastructure and detail of city environments. Part One is a series of short personal sketches of Whyte by those who knew him and worked with him on various projects. It forms a good introduction to the scope of his work, giving an insight into his working methods and love of the city. It would have been strengthened by a clearer historical context and critique of impacts. Part Two addresses the challenges of green infrastructure and open space provision for urban areas. Harnik's chapter on measuring park quality gives an overview of measurable outcomes related to successful greenspace provision. It is complemented by Ryan's more qualitative discussion of the effective qualities of urban greenspace, and aspects of place attachment by users and non-users. Lusk focuses on the means by which healthy living practices may be supported by appropriate park provision, and describes the social capital created by incidental circumstances. Part Three addresses the role of urban ecologists in the Humane Metropolis through chapters which describe specific projects: Fresh Kills landfill on Staten Island, New York (Clemants and Handel), watershed management for the Milwaukee River (Sievert) and industrial brownfields (De Sousa). This case study approach is usefully counterbalanced by one of the more reflective essays in the volume, 'Ecological Citizenship'. In it Light discusses the ethical and moral dimensions of urban ecology, raising questions of the interaction between citizenship, environmental education and participation. He cites the key positioning of the book as " . . . our relationship to nature is ultimately shaped locally" (p. 171), reflecting Whyte's focus on everyday situations and events. Part Four is titled 'A more humane metropolis for whom?'. This is a muchneeded focus on social justice and the environmental agenda. It acknowledges that earlier urban theorists such as Whyte, Jacobs and McHarg had not adequately addressed inequality, specifically racial inequality. Anthony's chapter 'Race, poverty and the humane metropolis' gives an important contextualization and frames the socio-political challenges for those aiming to improve the quality of city life for all residents. Although short on examples, it is supplemented by later chapters, including critiques of gated communities (Blakely) and more positive examples of sustainability programmes in the South Bronx (Parrilla). The final section of the book aims to look forward at strategies and practices for urban design and management, drawing from a range of disciplines. These range from planning mechanisms (for example zoning initiatives in New York, Kayden), qualities of 'green building' (Pelletier on LEED certification, and 572 Book Reviews


∗Data race is one of the main causes of concurrent errors in multithreaded programs. It is difficult to accurately detect data race because of the uncertainty of threads scheduling. This paper proposes to maintain a fixed length history access information read and write queue for each shared variable, and adopts an adaptive lightweight representation method of read access. When the shared variable is in the read shared state switches to a vector clock to record read access information, otherwise only record its last read access timestamp. In the dynamic detection process, firstly verified the Happens-before relationship that two access operations whether have a partial order relationship, then use LockSet algorithm to judge the lock protection status of the shared variable, it is regarded as a data race error if shared variable is not protected by public lock set. Designed and implemented dynamic detection method HisInfoTrack, the detection results of the benchmarks in the Java Grande Forum showed that compared with Djit+, the average detection time and memory overhead of HisInfoTrack are reduced by 39.8% and 40% respectively. Compared with Eraser, the false positives rate is reduced by 89%, the false negative rate is reduced by 33% compared with FastTrack. This method effectively detects data race with low overhead, reduces false positives and false negatives and can be used as an effective new method for dynamic data race detection.


As diabetes is a major independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease(CVD), cardiovascular safety should be taken into account when it refers to the treatment of type 2 diabetes(T2DM). Relevant evidence has suggested that dipeptidyl peptidase 4(DPP-4)inhibitors could regulate cardiovascular system function by multiple various mechanisms, with inconsistent results among clinical trials. Meta-analysis showed that DPP-4 inhibitors could significantly reduce the CVD risk factors. However, the results from three large scale cardiovascular safety studies were of non-inferiority results. The baseline elder age of participants with longer duration of diabetes and more risk factors of CVD could contribute to the non-inferiority cardiovascular outcomes of DPP-4 inhibitors. Recent clinical trials further indicated that alogliptin and sitagliptin could attenuate atherosclerosis progression of patients with T2DM, which would bring new implications for the clinical use of DPP-4 inhibitors. More research should be designed to further explore the specific mechanism. (Chin J Endocrinol Metab, 2017, 33: 869-873)

Key words:
Diabetes mellitus, type 2; Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor; Cardiovascular; Mechanism


Allsopp and co-authors from Greenpeace Research Laboratories recently submitted a Technical Report on ocean iron fertilization (OIF) as a contribution to the 2007 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Symposium on Ocean Iron Fertilization (Allsopp et al., 2007). The authors provide a brief review of the development of the OIF concept and the 12 publicly funded experiments that have taken place, followed by a more extensive discussion of "drawbacks" to OIF that they believe argue against any further development of the technique for carbon sequestration. We believe that while Allsopp et al. raise many important issues that need to be discussed, and in some cases addressed by further research, their review 1) does not consider much of the most recent research related to the efficiency of carbon sequestration from natural and stimulated blooms and from models, 2) relies on older, less sophisticated models of OIF than are available now, 3) sometimes extrapolates biogeochemical and ecological data and model results concerning the impact of OIF beyond their appropriate scientific reliability or scalability, and 4) proposes several potential deleterious effects for which there is no evidence in the peer-reviewed literature. Instead, we believe that there are good arguments, supported by the science community, that further experimentation should take place in order to determine whether OIF is an effective carbon mitigation tool and what its impact would be on the ocean environment.


The plasticizer Disan, manufactured in Rumania on an industrial scale since 1967, combines the properties of a plastidizer and an air-entraining agent. A series of investigations was conducted to compare its effect on concrete with that of a plasticizier which is imported from the USSR and has been widely used for years on construction sites. The types of concrete tested represented the standard types used for the construction of hydraulic structures. Three types of aggregates and two types of cement were used. A study was made of the influence of Disan on the hydration heat and susceptibility to cracking of cement. Results show that concrete with Disan has a greater sensitivity to variations in mix-design, particularly variations in the water content and sand fines than other concretes. Disan reduces hydration heat, causes rapid setting without impairing the workability. No problems occurred regarding thermal cracking or contraction. Attention is drawn to the need for taking account of mixing and transport conditions which influence the percentage of entrained air in concrete after application. /IRRD/


Molybdenum disilicide (MoSi2) matrix composites with various contents of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were fabricated by sintering in vacuum at 1550 °C for 1 h. The oxidation behaviors of CNTs/MoSi2 composites at 400 °C and 500 °C for 200 h in air were studied. Results showed that the weight loss of CNTs/MoSi2 composites increased with the increase of CNTs content. "Pest" phenomenon happened at 400 °C but not at 500 °C. Phase identification and microstructure of the samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that many MoO3 whiskers and microcracks only occurred on the surface of CNTs/MoSi2 composites when oxidized at 400 °C in air, which leaded to the catastrophic disintegration of CNTs/MoSi2 composites.


Cardiovascular disease causes the greatest number of deaths worldwide each year according to the World Health Organization [1]. Hence, many patients require cardiovascular surgery each year. Short of stopping the motion of the heart at the beginning of a cardiac procedure, the surgeon would require superhuman ability to both follow the heart's beating motion and perform surgical maneuvers on the exterior surface of the heart. Performing a surgical procedure within the interior of a beating heart would be even more difficult due to the opaque blood pool that makes it difficult to visualize the heart tissue. Currently, to overcome the aforementioned obstacles, surgeons operate on either a mechanically stabilized or arrested heart, where a heart-lung machine ventilates the lungs and circulates the blood. A mechanical heart stabilizer can only minimize motion in a localized area on the exterior surface of the heart; it cannot completely stop the motion. Arresting the heart can lead to long-term cognitive loss [2], an increase in the risk of stroke [3], and complications when the heart is restarted. Alternatively, a robot-held surgical tool can be controlled to follow the motion of a point of interest (POI) on the heart, allowing the heart to beat freely throughout the procedure. This would reduce the risks currently involved in mechanically stabilized and arrested heart surgery. In this scenario, the surgeon's hand motion is superimposed on the synchronizing movement of the robot. In this way, with a stabilized view of the heart, the point of interest on the heart appears stationary to the surgeon with respect to the surgical tool's tip. Allowing the heart to beat freely during the procedure means that the surgeon will be able to immediately evaluate the success of reconstructive operations and make adjustments as required. In contrast, using the current practice of arresting the heart at the outset of surgery, the outcome of the procedure is not known until after restarting the heart, and the surgeon would have to once again connect the patient to a heart-lung machine should additional operations be required.


Advent of advanced imaging technology and better neuro-interventional equipment have resulted in timely diagnosis and effective treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusion (LVO). However, objective clinicoradiologic correlate to identify appropriate candidates and their respective clinical outcome is largely unknown. The purpose of the study is to develop and test a new interactive decision-making support tool to predict severity of AIS prior to thrombectomy using CT perfusion imaging protocol. CT image data of 30 AIS patients with LVO assessed radiologically for their eligibility to undergo mechanical thrombectomy were retrospectively collected and analyzed in this study. First, a computer-aided scheme automatically categorizes images into multiple sequences followed by indexing each slice to specified brain location. Next, consecutive mapping is used for accurate brain region segmentation from skull. The brain is then split into left and right hemispheres, followed by detecting blood in each hemisphere. Additionally, visual tools including segmentation, blood correction, select sequence and index analyzer are implemented for deeper analysis. Last, comparison between blood-volume in each hemisphere over the sequences is made to observe wash-in and wash-out rate of blood flow to assess the extent of damaged and "at risk" brain tissue. By integrating computer-aided scheme into a user graphic interface, the study builds a unique image feature analysis and visualization tool to observe and quantify the delayed or reduced blood flow (brain "at-risk" to develop AIS) in the corresponding hemisphere, which has potential to assist radiologists to quickly visualize and more accurately assess extent of AIS.


This study aims to see how the role of the creative economy in an effort to empower the bamboo handicraft industry in the village of Tulungagung. Businesses that have been running so far have major problems related to capital and marketing. So that there needs to be empowerment that contains training to overcome the problem. Lack of capital can be overcome by providing training and the formation of bamboo woven / cooperative BMTs for artisans. Meanwhile, marketing problems, which in this case also involve the creation of goods made/output. So there is a need for training in innovation to increase the value of bamboo crafts. The results of this study, namely the creative economy in Tulungagung Village has been going well. The existence of a creative economy, as a form of creative and innovative ideas for the community and its economic benefits.


The genetic variation among thirty-six accessions of Arisaema robustum distributed on Jeju Island, Korea, was analyzed using single stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. The trnL(UAA)-trnF(GAA) intergenic spacer of the chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) of A. robustum was amplified directly by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the universal primers trnLF and trnFR. SSCP analysis of the denatured amplification products was carried out by polyacrylamide (10%) gel electrophoresis followed by ethidium bromide staining. The SSCP analysis identified two different band patterns and comparison of these two nucleotide sequences identified five nucleotide substitutions (transition mutations). We cloned the two SSCP haplotypes in order to sequences the trnL-trnF intergenic spacer. There were 372 base pairs in the trnL-trnF intergenic spacer regions of both types. Different cleavage patterns of four restriction enzymes, DraⅠ, MaeⅢ, PleⅠ, and TfiⅠ, were found. Digestion with DraⅠ and MaeⅢ revealed restriction sites for these enzymes in the wild type, whereas the variant did not contain these restriction sites. The PleⅠ-digested trnL-trnF sequence gave three fragments in the wild type and two fragment in the variant. The SSCP target region, digested with TfiⅠ, produced two fragments in the wild type, and three in the variant. These results show that SSCP analysis of the trnL-trnF intergenic spacer region is a useful approach for inferring genetic variation among members of A. robustum distributed on Jeju Island, Korea.


The paper performs a thought experiment on the concept of a record based on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records and library system functions, and concludes that if we want to develop a functional bibliographic record we need to do it within the context of a flexible, functional library systems record structure. The article suggests a new way to look at the library systems record that would allow libraries to move forward in terms of technology but also in terms of serving library users.


We have verified a mechanism for Raman excitation of atoms through continuum levels previously obtained by quantum optimal control using the multi-configurational time-dependent Hartree-Fock (MCTDHF) method. This mechanism, which was obtained at the time-dependent configuration interaction singles (TDCIS) level of theory, involves sequentially exciting an atom from the ground state to an intermediate core-hole state using a long pump pulse, and then transferring this population to the target Raman state with a shorter Stokes pulse. This process represents the first step in a multidimensional x-ray spectroscopy scheme that will provide a local probe of valence electronic correlations. Although at the optimal pulse intensities at the TDCIS level of theory the MCTDHF method predicts multiple ionization of the atom, at slightly lower intensities (reduced by a factor of about 4) the TDCIS mechanism is shown to hold qualitatively. Quantitatively, the MCTDHF populations are reduced from the TDCIS calculations by a factor of 4.


This study aimed to compare the 28‐day mortality of patients with septic shock, defined by Sepsis‐3 criteria and patients with vasoplegic or cryptic shock who are excluded from this new definition.


One-to-one support for cancer patients could save the NHS around £89 million a year by improving care and reducing unnecessary hospital stays and GP visits.