Observations from the Cloud-Aerosol Interaction and Precipita9 tion Enhancement Experiment-Integrated Ground Observation Campaign 10 (CAIPEEX-IGOC) provide a rare opportunity to investigate nocturnal at11 mospheric surface-layer processes and surface-layer turbulent characteristics 12 associated with the low-level jet (LLJ). Here, an observational case study of 13 Pramit Kumar Deb Burman Centre for Climate Change Research Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune 411008 India E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Thara V. Prabha Cloud Aerosol Interaction and Precipitation Enhancement Experiment Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune 411008 India Ross Morrison Land Surface Flux Measurements NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Wallingford Oxfordshire OX10 8BB United Kingdom Anandakumar Karipot Department of Atmospheric and Space Sciences Savitribai Phule Pune University Pune 411007 India 2 Pramit Kumar Deb Burman et al. the nocturnal boundary layer is presented during the peak monsoon season 14 over Peninsular India using data collected over a single night representative 15 of the synoptic conditions of the Indian summer monsoon. Datasets based 16 on Doppler lidar and eddy-covariance are used for this purpose. The LLJ is 17 found to generate nocturnal turbulence by introducing mechanical shear at 18 higher levels within the boundary layer. Sporadic and intermittent turbulent 19 events observed during this period are closely associated with large eddies at 20 the scale of the height of the jet nose. Flux densities in the stable boundary 21 layer are observed to become non-local under the influence of the LLJ. Differ22 ent turbulence regimes are identified, along with transitions between turbulent 23 periods and intermittency. Wavelet analysis is used to elucidate the presence 24 of large-scale eddies and associated intermittency during nocturnal periods in 25 the surface layer. Although the LLJ is a regional-scale phenomenon it has far 26 reaching consequences with regard to surface-atmosphere exchange processes. 27


s a proton from the O of the Ser409 nucleophile. Here, the role of Ser431 is to orient the Nof Lys209 to facilitate its attack on Ser409. The deprotonated O of Ser409 attacks the carbonyl carbon of the bound substrate's scissile bond to form a tetrahedral intermediate. (B) The oxyanion of the first tetrahedral intermediate is stabilized through hydrogen bonding with the two main-chain amide hydrogen atoms of Gly377 and Gly410, respectively. The lysine then transfers its proton to the amide nitrogen of the


The thermal stability of exchange-biased magnetic tunnel junctions is explored using near-edge x-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy. Structures with Ir–Mn antiferromagnetic exchange bias layers are much more thermally stable than similar structures with Fe–Mn exchange bias layers. In both cases, diffusion of Mn from the antiferromagnetic layer through thin exchange-biased ferromagnetic layers to the tunnel barrier is observed at elevated temperatures. This observation explains the diminished magnetoresistance of these structures on annealing even though the resistance of the tunnel junctions is hardly changed.


The need for effective and comprehensive policies on adolescent sexuality education has been raised as adolescents' sexual attitudes and behaviors have changed quickly and the sexual issues such as prostitution and sexual violence emerged as serious social problems. This paper analyses the policies ...


Most of the network management part, especially a network security needs effective visualization methods for flooding connections. Because many web systems using huge users are suffering from huge normal connections with flooding attacks. Also, most of the connection cases have to be monitored for intrusion detection including any kinds of abnormal connection cases. Therefore, in this paper we propose an effective visualization method with a classification method for classifying between normal and abnormal flooding network status.


In this thesis,clinical nursing care of COPD patients combined with differentiation of syndromes in Traditional Chinese(TCM)Medicine perfectly,TCM is applyed to clinical nursing care,the advantage and characteristics are fully reflected.


The studles on fishery biology of Hpohthalmichthys molitrix cuvier et valencienes in the suibing section of heilongjiang river was studied in the spring of 2001.The study results are as follows: The body length of the capture population range from 47 to 74 5cm with a mean of 61 08cm;the body weight range from 700g to 1700g with a mean of 3574 3g,the age range from 3 + age to 8 + age and the dominant age was 4 years old (26 2%);Absolute fecundity varied from 318500eggs to 763125 eggs with a mean of 445593 eggs and the relative fecundity varied from 81 66 eggs/g to 231 25 eggs/g with a mean of 143 12 eggs/g;Gonadosomatic index of the female range from 18 82% to 28 03% with a mean of 18 68% and that of the male range from 1 09% to 3 35% with a mean of 2 12%;the fullness of female range from 1 23% to 1 60% with a mean of 1 38% and that of male range from 1 26% to 1 56% with a mean of 1 27%.the population take up 51 4% and the weight of them take up 70 8% (weght 7 8t and account to 2078)in totle.The result revealed that Hpohthalmichthys molitrix cuvier et valencienes resouces in the suibin section of heilongjiang river is declining.


This study aims to determine the effect of the following tutorials on Ganesha Operation, Medica, and who do not follow the guidance of the class XI students studying biological science MODEL MAN 2 Field of Learning 2011/2012. The study design used is descriptive quantitative research was conducted at MAN 2 MODEL FIELD in April. Population in the study were all students of class XI IPA totaling 3 regular classes with the students as much as 113 people. Samples were taken by purposive sampling in this study used two variables are independent variables and the dependent variable when the independent variable (X) is tutoring students who participated Ganesha operation and Medica, Bound Variable (Y) is the result of student learning in the field of biology. Research results show that the results of biological studies that follow students where tutoring and tutoring does not follow there is no significant effect.


DNA molecule encoding a hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase p-Chlamydomonas and applications. Said molecule comprises (a) a DNA sequence identified by SEQ ID No. 1, or (b) a DNA sequence analogous to the same as (i) is substantially homologous thereto and / or (ii) encodes a polypeptide is substantially homologous to the protein encoded by said DNA sequence defined in (a). Said molecule introduced into a plant producing tocopherols by standard techniques in biotechnology, can increase the content of total vitamin E in the plant and the content \ alpha and \ gamma-tocopherol, among other applications, such as increasing resistance to certain herbicides selected from the group consisting of triketones and isoxazole.


In this paper, we classify the phase portraits in the Poincaré disc of all the Kolmogorov systems [Formula: see text] which depend on six parameters. We prove that these systems have [Formula: see text] topologically distinct phase portraits in the Poincaré disc. These systems are provided by a general three-dimensional Lotka–Volterra system with a rational first integral of degree two of the form [Formula: see text], restricted to each surface [Formula: see text] varying [Formula: see text], with the additional assumption that they have a Darboux invariant of the form [Formula: see text].


A technique is developed for analyzing the first passage probability and the probability distribution of the level crossings for the response of a linear system subjected to an amplitude modulated nonwhite random excitation. The dependence of occurrence of the level crossing upon the number of events is taken into consideration to improve the conventional approach based upon the Poisson assumption. Numerical examples are given for a single degree of freedom linear system excited by noise with an exponentially decaying harmonic correlation function. The results obtained by the present method are compared with the corresponding digital simulation results. A good agreement is found between the analytical and simulation results.


Diesel Power Plant (PLTD) is one of power plants that commonly impact to the environment as well as it's expensive fuel. Diesel Power Plant is still inefficient because of high operation costs i.e. 89,31% depleted to fuel costs [7]. The combustion process on diesel engine does not produce a perfect combustion thereby require any changes. One of technology changes that more environmentally friendly and efficient is Diesel Gas Power Plant (PLTDG). In the gas mode, the main fuel is fuel gas. A small amount of pilot fuel oil is also injected using the diesel fuel oil injection mechanism, and premix combustion are realized with the pilot fuel oil as the ignition source. The maintenance time interval of PLTDG is longer than PLTD, so the cost is more efficient. The PLTDG installation cost is also lower than PLTD because it doesn't require the big size of fuel tank. The purpose of this research is to prove that PLTDG is better than PLTD in efficiency aspect through calculation and comparison between the impact of fuel consumption of PLTD and PLTDG Pesanggaran. The results are expected to be used as a comparative in order to cover the shortage of diesel power with these advantages of PLTDG.


On compact Riemannian manifold of dimension n, and under some conditions on the curvature, we have a nodal solutions for n large enough.


(54) INITIATION OF POLYMERIZATION BY 4,694,054 A 9, 1987 Janowicz HYDROGEN ATOM DONATION 5,306,856 A 4, 1994 Streck et al. 5,310,807 A 5/1994 Antonelli et al. (75) Inventors: Alexei A. Gridnev Wilmington, DE 5,362,813. A 11/1994 ANN: A. (US); Steven Dale Ittel, Wilmington, 5,412,039 A 5/1995 Barsotti et al. DE (US) 5,502,113 A 3, 1996 Antonelli et al. 5,587,431 A 12/1996 Gridnev et al. (73) Assignee: E. I. duPont de Nemours and 5,602,220 A 2f1997 Haddleton et al. Company, Wilmington, DE (US) 5,684,101 A * 11/1997 Muir et al. ................. 526,172 5,726.263 A 3, 1998 Gridnev (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 5,770,665 A 6/1998 Haddleton et al. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. WO WO 87.03605 * 6, 1987


Automated analysis of vessel morphology is valuable in diagnosis since it can provide measurable abnormalities in diameter and tortuosity that reflect systemic or local ocular disease. Although the center point of vessel can be easily detected with matched filter, the diameter cannot be obtained from the readily available convolution result in the process of location detection. An amplitude modified second-order Gaussian filter is presented in this paper. Simulation shows that a profile of vessel matches only one amplitude modified second-order Gaussian filter, with which the convolution peak reaches its maximum. Therefore, the width specified parameter of vessel model can be figured out by matching operation with a group of modified Gaussian filters. A vessel diameter measurement concept based on calibration is presented in order to avoid the burden of finding the exact edges of vessels, which has caused several different width definitions for the endless Gaussian curve. The real vessel width can be determined simply according to the relationship built through a calibration procedure in advance after the width specified parameter of Gaussian curve is obtained. Experiments of blood vessel detection of color fundus image are given. The results of the vessel diameter measurement show good agreement with visual inspection.


Immune response and inflammation composes two cores of tumor microenvironment.However the relationship between them remains elusive.Studies corroborate the idea that the mission of myeloid derived suppressor cells(MDSCs) and regulatory T cells(Tregs) that migrate to tumor sites is to suppress inflammation rather than mediate tumor immune evasion.Mast cells,however,mediate the crosstalk of immune response and inflammation by regulating MDSCs and Tregs.In addition,Toll-like signaling,as the basic signaling pathway in tumor microenvironment,may directly regulate immune response and inflammation,maintaining inflammatory homeostasis through microparticle pathways.Despite the very complex relationship between immune response and inflammation,we suggest that antitumor immune response and inflammation are negatively correlated and time dependent.At the early stage of tumor,antitumor immune responses are dominant.Later,the bias favors inflammation in tumor microenvironment.


ABSTRACT The in situ (TiB2 + ZrB2)/7055Al composites were successfully fabricated from the 7055Al-K2TiF6-K2ZrF6-KBF4 system by a direct melt reaction method. Microstructural observations revealed that the nanoparticles were distributed relatively uniformly in the aluminium matrix, and that these nanoparticles exhibit various shapes such as spherical, hexagonal and cubic, with an average size of about 80 nm. Mechanical property testing showed that the strength and Young's modulus of the composites increased significantly in comparison to the 7055 matrix alloy. The maximum ultimate tensile strength was approximately 361 MPa, with a yield strength of 323 MPa and an elongation of 3.6%, which constitute increases of 31.3%, 28.7% and 44% when compared to the 7055Al alloy, respectively. The strengthening mechanisms of the fabricated composites were also discussed.


mucous membrane is the moist lining of body cavities that communicate with exterior. These tissues line the oral cavity, GI tract, nasal cavity, urinary tract and vaginal canal. Pressure applied to this tissue can render it ischemic and leads to ulceration. Decubitus ulcer in oral cavity is quite painful and causes discomfort which affects speaking and eating.The oral occurrence of decubitus ulcer is rare entity. In this case accurate diagnosis was done. Most decubitus ulcers heal without scar formation.


The standby letter of credit has been widely used in the international transactions as a performance bond, guarantee and the diverse forms in U.S.A., but it has been narrowly used in Korea. The purpose of this study is to increase practical use of the standby letter of credit in Korea. First of all, I have researched the realities of the standby letter of credit on statistics and problems in Korea. Secondly I try to propose the possibility of use increase in the diverse business contracts in Korea. We have been used the standby letter of credit only 5% in amount and very limited fields in use, but other advanced countries like America have been used it in the diverse fields. We are confronted by fierce international competition with global companies in the world, so we need to equip ourselves to win the competition with diverse payment methods or guarantee tools. In the same meaning, we need to use the standby letter of credit in the diverse business fields as follows; guarantees, substitute of documentary letter of credit, the contracts of sales goods, liquidated damage clause, counterplan of the bill of lading crisis, the method of saving bank commissions and any other business.


We have studied the chemical potential shift in ${\mathrm{La}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}{\mathrm{NiO}}_{4}$ and the charge ordering transition in ${\mathrm{La}}_{1.67}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.33}{\mathrm{NiO}}_{4}$ by photoemission spectroscopy. The result shows a large $(\ensuremath{\sim}1 \mathrm{eV}/\mathrm{hole})$ downward shift of the chemical potential with hole doping in the high-doping regime $(\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}0.33)$ while the shift is suppressed in the low-doping regime $(\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\lesssim}0.33).$ This suppression is attributed to a segregation of doped holes on a microscopic scale when the hole concentration is lower than $\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\simeq}1/3.$ In the $\ensuremath{\delta}=1/3$ sample, the photoemission intensity at the chemical potential vanishes below the charge ordering transition temperature ${T}_{\mathrm{CO}}=240 \mathrm{K}.$


Scottish children have the worst diet in the Western world, says a government report. The report calls for joint action by food producers, retailers, health professionals, and the public to improve the country's damaging eating habits. A national action group with a wide representation is to be established to draw up a strategy to improve the Scottish …


The paper assesses the mechanical torque of a two-dimensional magnetic gearbox used in energy harvesting applications by increasing wind turbines' low mechanical power speed. The simplified device doesn't consider the rotational speed transmission from the inner magnetic rotor to the outer magnetic rotor, which is considered mechanically blocked. The numerical simulation analysis considers a parametric study to address the influence of the dimensions of the outer magnets on mechanical torque by introducing a shape factor and by maintaining the same area of the outer rotor magnets. The results are obtained using the finite element method (FEM).


OBJECTIVE
To explore the relation of cognition and uric acid in Parkinson's disease and analyze the related factors of cognition.

METHODS
A total of 104 patients with Parkinson's disease were divided into two groups: those with cognitive impairment and those without. Every patient was subject to the cognitive and depression function assessment. And the fasting blood uric acid samples. Then the serum uric acid levels of two groups and analyze the related factors of the cognitive with multiple linear.

RESULTS
(1) The serum uric acid level in the group with cognitive impairment (249 micromol/L +/- 59 micromol/L) is lower than that without cognitive impairment (323 micromol/L +/- 52 micromol/L), and there was marked statistical significance (t = -6.78, P < 0.001) (2) In PD patients, the cognitive scores correlated with serum uric acid levels, education, age, H-Y stages and the depression levels ,but didn't with gender,disease duration, smoking and BMI.

CONCLUSION
(1) There was correlation between the serum uric acid and the cognitive impairment. Low serum uric acid level predicted worse cognitive scores. (2) In PD, the change of the cognitive function was impacted by their education, age, H-Y stages and depression levels.


Crystal polarity effects on Mg implantation into GaN layers for p-type doping have been systematically investigated. It is found that we can observe a smaller X-ray diffraction full-width at half-maximum and a stronger Mg-acceptor bound exciton emission for the Mg implantation into N-polarity GaN layer than Ga-polarity one after a proper post-implantation annealing treatment. Raman experiment demonstrates that the tensile stress occurs on the as-grown N-polarity GaN layer, which can be resulting from the Ga vacancy. Hall measurement results further indicate that the p-type conductivity can be successfully obtained for N-polarity GaN compared with Ga-polarity one after Mg implantation regardless of under the identical implantation and post-implantation annealing conditions. These phenomena can all be attributed to the more Ga vacancies in the as-grown N-polarity GaN layer that enhances Mg acceptor substitution and eventually achieve p-type conductive characteristics by an appropriate postimplantation annealing treatment.


abnormalities and computed tomography findings in 60 patients. J Thorac Imaging. 2001;16:290–6. 9. Uffmann M, Kiener HP, Bankier AA, Baldt MM, Zontsich T, Herold CJ. Lung manifestation in asymptomatic patients with primary Sjögren syndrome: assessment with high resolution CT and pulmonary function tests. J Thorac Imaging. 2001;16:282–9. 10. Egashira R, Kondo T, Hirai T, Kamochi N, Yakushiji M, Yamasaki F, et al. CT findings of thoracic manifestations of primary Sjögren syndrome: radiologic–pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 2013;33:1933–49. 11. Hubscher O, Re R, Iotti R. Cystic lung disease in Sjögren's syndrome. J Rheumatol. 2002;29:2235–6. 12. Kluka EM, Bauer PR, Aubry MC, Ryu JH. Enlarging lung nodules and cysts in a 53-year-old woman with primary Sjögren syndrome. Chest. 2013;143:258–61. Sandra Masegosa-Casanova,a,∗ Anne Riveros-Frutos,b Juana Sanint,b Alejandro Olivéb


In order to avoid untractable calculations, the transistor four-pole is assumed to be short-circuited for ac at its output. Furthermore, the internal impedance of the signal source is assumed to be zero. First the nonlinear distortion effects in a grounded base intrinsic transistor are calculated. Then, the formulas are reverted to a grounded emitter intrinsic transistor, taking into account the extrinsic base lead resistance. They are confirmed by measurements of third harmonic distortion and of cross modulation. The measured curves of cross modulation vs collector bias current show a sharp minimum. This unexpected effect is explained by an extension of the theory, which takes into account previously neglected terms. The explanation is successfully tested by experiments. Comparisons with cross modulation in amplifier tubes are made.


In historical studies of Chinese diaspora, an increasing focus is currently being placed on Chinese "organizational genius," that is, Chinese are said to have been adept at providing mutual aid and promoting economic ventures overseas, and also effective in governing their own internal affairs and fending off racial discrimination in the age of Euro-American imperialism. This paper examines Chinese migration to West Borneo in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. It argues that Chinese social imaginaries and organizational forms ultimately relied on two cardinal institutions: the Chinese deity cults and ancestral cults, with their associated rituals. By studying an early case of Chinese migration to Southeast Asia, this paper hopes to lay a foundation for comparative research on similar organizations developed by Fujian and Guangdong people in Taiwan, China and other parts of the world; and argues that the nexus of Chinese mobility and Chinese people's relatively successful economic achievements should be located in these symbolic institutions.


Certain civil society organisations (which, like the Trauma Centre referred to below, support South Africa in becoming a non-violent society with respect for human rights) requested the then Premier (Helen Zille) of the Western Cape (WC) to establish a judicial commission of inquiry into child murders in the province because of the number of child killings in the last couple of years – 279 just during 2017 and 2018.1 This is the highest number of child murders reported in a South African province for the 2017 and 2018 reporting period.


The enhancement of disturbance on phosphorus immobility of the sediments was investigated and the mechanism of phosphorus immobility was discussed,using overlying water and sediments from city river course as materials.Results showed that sediment disturbance could promote the migration of phosphorus from the overlying water to sediments.The equilibrium contents of DIP and TP were reduced by 73.02% and 42.39%,respectively,compared with the control experiment.Compared with the raw sediment,the accumulative release of DIP was reduced by 173.77 mg·kg-1 in the disturbed sediments,while the content kept relatively constant in the control.Moreover,the net increase of Ca-P increased obviously in the disturbed sediments,and it is almost equal to the net increase of TP in the sediment.On the other hand,the net increase of TP in the control was distributed basically uniformly to NH4Cl-P,Fe-P and Ca-P.


PURPOSE: A pressurized curing device for an LED package and a method thereof are provided to reduce the gap between an LED package and an encapsulating material by applying constant pressure. CONSTITUTION: A chamber(110) accommodates an LED package. An input unit(120) detects information about curing conditions and pressure conditions. The information includes temperature and time for curing an encapsulating material of the LED package. A control unit(130) outputs operating control signals for a curing unit(140) and for a pressure unit(150). The pressure portion includes a pressure valve(151), a compressor(152) and a pressure sensor(153). [Reference numerals] (110) Chamber; (120) Input unit; (130) Control unit; (140) Curing unit; (151) Pressure valve; (152) Compressor; (153) Pressure sensor


resources are never unlimited for conservation activities. The analysis in the chapter is interesting because it relies on the area requirements of reproductive units of a species, as well as on the concept of a minimum viable population size. Published data for a variety of species (mostly birds and mammals) are used to suggest the area requirements for about 100 pairs of particular species; these estimates range from 2-5 ha for Wall Lizards {Chacerta muralis) to c. 1,000,000 ha for the Eagle Owl {Bubo bubo); but it is noticeable that, for all except two species, the area requirement is in excess of 1,000 ha. How often do reserves exceed this minimum-area estimate for what is a very low figure of 100 pairs for a minimum viable population? The second chapter that attracted my attention is the attempt by H.-J. Mader to look towards a European Nature Conservation Strategy. The loss of species and habitats is shown to be accelerating, and hence the emphasis in the paper is on how to decelerate the process. Perhaps the Author is too pessimistic in thinking that the process cannot be halted, but the plea is one of the strongest in support of the European Community's 'Habitats Directive'. This particular Directive has had a long and stormy gestation period, has involved thousands of hours of discussion, but is now accepted as a way forward for the European Community. Perhaps the NATURA2000 model, stemming from this Directive, appears beguilingly simple from the descriptions of it, but with genuine political will it could be a turning-point in European environmental legislation. The book highlights one of the real difficulties in conservation biology — the chasm that separates the community of theoreticians and researchers from the community of practitioners and managers. I doubt that this book will bridge the gap at all. However, the concepts in the papers that form this book — the power of population dynamics and of applied genetics — need to be appreciated by the policymakers and the practical managers. Does anyone know how to do this? Whoever bridges this chasm successfully will be doing a great service for the conservation movement.


Users frequently formulate complex data analysis queries in order to identify interesting trends, make unusual patterns stand out, or verify hypotheses. Being able to express these data mining queries concisely is of major importance not only from the user's, but also from the system's point of view. Recent research in OLAP has focused on datacubes and their applications; however expression and processing of ad hoc decision support queries has been given very little attention. We present an appropriate framework for these queries and introduce a syntactic construct to support it. This SQL extension allows most OLAP queries, such as pivoting, complex intra- and inter-group comparisons, trends and hierarchical comparisons, to be expressed in a compact, intuitive and simple manner. This succinct representation of a complex OLAP query translates immediately to a novel, simple and efficient evaluation algorithm. We show how to optimize, analyze and parallelize this algorithm and discuss issues such as multiple query analysis and scaling. We present several experimental results of real life queries that show orders of magnitude of performance improvement. We argue that this tight coupling between representation and algorithm is essential to efficient processing of ad hoc OLAP queries.


The hypothesis that sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is not associated with an increase in mucosal colorectal cancer (CRC) biomarkers, unlike Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB), was tested.


Multimedia takes improvement of multiple computing technologies to incorporate data from a wide variety of resources, without involving users to know how and where the data is encoded and stored. By reason of Multimedia applications interact with users with numerous diverse techniques and incorporate into strong applications that greatly extend the range and strength of applications, the production process are often complicated and complex. Production of such applications requires both process- and product-based quality assurance. Apparently, there are no universally accepted technical production standards. Consequently, Multimedia applications have sometimes diminished the quality of the end product, increased costs, delayed completion and failure. The focus is on the mapping between the current practices of multimedia production process and one of universal process improvement framework, Capability Maturity Model Integration for Development (CMMI-DEV). It shows that how current practices of multimedia production process address the Engineering Process Areas of CMMI-DEV. For each of the relevant process areas, it then explores how current practices can contribute to achieve the specific goals of that process area. This is practical for organizations that have their plan-driven process based on the CMMI-DEV model and are planning to improve the current practices of multimedia production process or to assist organization to define an innovative multimedia production process cycle based on CMMI-DEV practices.


Human Development Index (HDI) is a widely used index to measure the level of human development, which usually covers three aspects: health, education and economy. But it can't fully reflect the level of human development in a region. Since social security is also an important index related to one of the most basic human needs, this paper selects crime rate as the fourth index of the original HDI indicator system, applies the entropy weight method to determine the weight of each sub-index, and finally forms a New Human Development Index (NHDI) including crime rate. Empirical study using data from 31 regions in China mainland shows that NHDI not only takes the regional crime rate into account, but also reflects regional differences. Therefore it is better than the original HDI.


Ba sed on computer simulation technology, this paper defines thermo-physical properties of materials varying with the temperature,and builds butt welded axisymmetric model of 316 stainless steel coiled tubing to analyze the impact of welding speed on postwelding residual stress and deformation of the pipe butt joints. The results show that in the continuous pipe welding process,the welding speed affects the distribution of welding temperature field and postwelding residual stress; on internal wall of tubing,maximum compressive residual stress appears close to the base material with the distance of 22 mm from welding seam center,and the axial stress and hoop stress change synchronously,but these two stresses on external wall don't change synchronously; with the increase of welding speed,residual stress on external wall increases,welding residual stress and deformation on internal wall gradually reduce,welding deformation can release part of welding residual stress and reduce postwelding residual stress to some degree.


The problem of the laminar flow of a viscous fluid in a flat gap between two eccentric cylinders is considered. The movement of fluid in the gap is created by rotating the inner cylinder around the center of the stationary outer cylinder. The solution of the Stokes equations with respect to the stream function was obtained using bipolar coordinates at variable values of the boundary conditions of the problem. Expressions are obtained for the normal and tangential components of the velocity of arbitrary points on the outer surface of the inner cylinder depending on the dimensionless parameters of the problem. To make it possi-ble to carry out transformations in bipolar coordinates, expressions for longitudinal velocity and transverse velocity are represented by periodic functions by expanding them into series. The change in the values of the dimensionless stream function on the outer surface of the inner cylinder is determined depending on the dimensionless parameters of the problem. Examples of the calculated stream function for various dimensionless sizes and positions of the inner cylinder are given. It is determined that the lines of relative current when the fluid moves in a flat gap between two eccentric cylinders are close to circles. It is also determined that with an increase in the dimensionless parameter of the problem, the process of reverse flow of the liquid begins. The value of the maximum value of the dimensionless stream function is calculated for various dimensionless sizes and positions of the inner cylinder.


Summary form only given. A proposed future TeV collider operating at X-band will require high peak rf powers of hundreds of MW in pulses lasting hundreds of nanoseconds. One method to provide such pulses is through the use of rf pulse compressors to multiply the power produced by high-power klystrons producing multi-microsecond pulse widths. Such compressors can be passive, employing phase switching to discharge rf energy storage cavities, or active, in which a triggered increase in the output coupling coefficient of the energy storage cavities is used to extract the high power rf pulse. Active microwave pulse compressors are of interest because they are capable of higher compression ratios and higher efficiencies than passive compressors employing phase switching. In a series of experiments, a team of researchers from the Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Science, Omega-P, Inc., and the Naval Research Laboratory investigated active pulse compressors using a plasma discharge to Q switch the energy storage cavities [1]. These experiments showed both the potential and the limitations of this approach. This paper describes the design of a novel active microwave pulse compressor that makes use of electron beam switching. The paper will describe the design and low power tests of this concept, and present the latest results of planned high power tests.


Teaching innovation of biology is the focus to improve the teaching quality.Bilingual teaching is the important content of teaching innovation of high education in our country.It also is a long program to cultivate high ability and complex person.Based on the practice and experience of bilingual teaching in biology,this paper analyzed the present situation and discussed the problems and strategie of bilingual teaching.


The transition to green energy is imposing new requirements on the energy sector, such as managing an energy flow through the system that is significantly less predictable than traditional energy sources. Technologies like demand response (DR) can help influence the consumer's energy use, but is costly to implement, often to a degree that vastly overshadows the benefits for the consumer and grid operator. Reducing initial investment cost for deployments is, therefore, a considerable factor for the success of DR. One approach to DR is using building operating systems (BOS) to facilitate the functionality. This paper seeks to reduce the cost of deployments of BOSes, for demand response purposes, by creating the tooling needed for automatic configuration of BOS services. Building on top of an existing BOS, tooling is created to support services from the first introduction into the BOS environment, to the exposure of its functionality to the rest of the system, effectively supporting service discovery and publication at runtime. The tooling is evaluated based on how it impacts the BOS ecosystem, but also the business ecosystem around a BOS. Results show that the tooling requires only minor changes to existing services, and that adding new services to the BOS, using the new tooling, can be achieved with little effort compared to traditional installation methods in the ecosystem. Also, shifting implementation complexity and cost from entrepreneurs to application developers, allows for reducing costs significantly, as application developers target multiple buildings for each implementation. The addition of the new tooling allows the them to potentially create new markets and products.


Demands Diverse Governance A board that guides the strategic direction of a health care system must have a keen sense of its business environment — the blend of market forces, financial realities and significant influences affecting every move the board makes. In the past, there had to be financial, legal and clinical acumen to guide decisions. That's not enough today, as providers reorient priorities toward population-level health. From allocating capital funds to improving community health status, the diverse makeup of the service area has to be factored into decisions, and trustees steeped in the unique factors of that diversity are essential, says Kelvin Westbrook, who chairs the board of BJC Healthcare, St. Louis. "The creativity that comes from having a diverse board — and it doesn't necessarily embody itself in one particular race or another — the probing, the asking of questions, particularly when it comes to health care challenges, I think it's that mix of perspectives that can provide some greater insight into how we might approach these challenges in a different way." Without attention to a diverse board, "what you get is a group-think," says Deanna Banks, principal of Furst Group, a health care executive search and consulting firm. "You've got similar-minded people from a singular exposure making decisions on behalf of things for which they lack insight and understanding — and sometimes empathy." Health care "is not one-size-fits-all," says Westbrook, appointed last year as the first African-American chair of BJC's board. "Often you'll find even in a place with very outstanding health care institutions and individuals, there are pockets of the community that don't have as much access; they are not 3 OF 3 | THE CHANGE AGENTS: Leading During An Era of Transformation


About a year on,international arms control and disarmament appeared rebounding to become the international hotspot issue paralleling with the issues of financial crisis and climate change.International nuclear disarmament is re-dawning with the United States readjusting its nuclear arms control policy and tactics in a high profile.The U.S.and Russia signed new agreement of bilateral nuclear disarmament.Multilateral nuclear arms control has softened.Nuclear security issue is highlighting.Conference on the Review of Nuclear Non-proliferation achieved accomplishment.All the above indicates a new posture in international arms control and disarmament,which mainly attributes to the U.S.arms control policy and tactics adjustment.On balance,however,the U.S.arms control and disarmament remains rhetoric,as its two strategic objectives of nuclear weapon policy—nuclear deterrence and non-proliferation—has kept intact and even intensified.


Many researchers expect to see the efficiency of wireless local area networks (WLANs) increased by in-band simultaneous transmit and receive (STR). While insufficient suppression of self-interference has been a major obstacle to implementing the STR capability, an even bigger obstacle is the fact that enabling STR involves significant modification to the current IEEE 802.11 medium access control (MAC) protocol. In this paper, we propose <italic>MASTaR</italic>, a novel MAC protocol that enables STR in 802.11 WLAN using standard-compliant methods. The feasibility and performance of <italic>MASTaR</italic> are extensively evaluated via 3-D ray-tracing-based simulation. The simulation results demonstrate that significant performance enhancement, e.g., up to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.58\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> higher throughput than the current 802.11 MAC protocol, can be achieved by an STR-capable access point.


Based on the regulations as arranged in the Public Service Law, in case of legal disputes or lawsuits concerning public service, the settlement can be reached in two ways, namely by mediation and adjudication of a verdict, and secondly, this legal effort can be made or initiated by a so-called Ombudsman. The adjudication process subsequently yields a verdict or sentence that is bound to lead to contradiction as the Ombudsman is not a legal institution and this is not a quasi-administrative judicial process either, for the outcome of the Ombudsman's investigation comes in the shape of a mere recommendation, and this cannot be regarded as a proper verdict pronounced by an official judge. Based on the regulations as stated in the Public Service Law and the Ombudsman Law as well as the regulations for their execution the adjucatory verdict reached by the Ombudsman, the force of this binding decision or sentence cannot be considered final and binding as such because it only qualifies as a recommendation. Given the fact that the judicial verdict made by the Ombudsman in the settlement of lawsuits regarding Public Service comes in the shape of a recommendation, further legal efforts can be made in accordance with the existing regulations whose mechanism is similar to that of administrative appeals that culminate in imposing sanctions and publication in the media to expose the case in question.


This essay critically analyzes the current notion of 'reconstruction' of the contemporary city, dominated by the historicist conception of history and the naive notions of memory and modernity. In first part, it attempts to provide an alternative theoretical framework by advancing the idea of the 'Traumatic Memory of the City' through the writings of Walter Benjamin on the city. This first part then provides the ground for the second part which critically examines the recent reconstruction of the center of Berlin as a case of a historicist act that has succeeded in abolishing and erasing much of the 'traumatic memory' of the city of Berlin in its modern history. The essay ends by questioning the validity of the current conception of 'reconstitution' and suggest it be coupled with the notions of 're-making' and 'iteration'1


The introduction of hypothermia by Bigelow at the University of Toronto1 represents a milestone in the history of cardiac surgery. It is ironic that, years later, a group of cardiac surgeons in the same university would question the need for hypothermia. In an evolution of thinking, based on many years of dedicated basic science research, these surgeons would develop new concepts of myocardial protection aimed at keeping the heart (and the patient) normothermic. Warm Heart Surgery was a major paradigm shift from accepted methods and techniques of myocardial protection. Hypothermia had dominated the field of cardiac surgery and played such a major role in the history and the development of specialty. It is important to recognize that, at the time, all equipment and materials used in heart surgery were designed to withstand hypothermic conditions. These included not only oxygenators and tubings, but also cardioplegia delivery systems, aimed at cooling the blood from 37◦C to 15◦C in one passage of blood through the circuit. The belief that "the colder the better" was applied to many conditions, without any demonstrable beneficial effects. One had to consider the effects of hypothermia on the kinetics of the different drugs that were used during cardiopulmonary bypass. The concern for maximal protection, should an accident occur, may have been the underlying reason for the use of hypothermia in cardiac surgery. As cardiopulmonary bypass continued to evolve, the question was asked as to how often failure of an oxygenator or pump occurred? The answer to the question was rarely. Why then were all these patients being cooled, when occurrence of an accident was so rare? Looking back, the time was right for a change, as we continued the quest for the "ideal" method of myocardial protection. What follows then, is an outline of the conditions and environment in Toronto that led our group to question the need for hypothermia in myocardial preservation the 1980s.


Based on extensive and long-term field work in western regions of the Iranian Plateau from March 2008 to April 2010, five specimens of Tropiocolotes helenae helenae (Nikolsky, 1907) were collected from stony hills around Qasr-e-Shirin and Sarpol-e-Zahab, in Kermanshah Province. The collected specimens were examined based on metric, meristic and pholidotic characters and compared with other specimens of this taxon from Lorestan and Ilam Provinces. Furthermore, the presence of two pores in basal, ventral part of the tail in both sexes in T. helenae was noticed and their possible adaptive value discussed.


We consider the problem of constructing a bounded-degree planar geometric spanner for a unit disk graph modeling a wir eless network. The related problem of constructing a planar geometric spanner of a Euclidean graph has been extensi vely studied in the literatur e.It is well known that the Delaunaysubgraph is a planar geometricspannerwith stretch factor ; however, its degreemay not be bounded.Significant work has been done on developing algorithms for constructing bounded-degree planar geometric spanners of Euclidean graphs. Our first result presentsa very simple linear time algorithm for constructing a subgraph of the Delaunay graph with stretch factor ! " # $ % and degreeboundedby , for any integer parameter '& ( . This result immediately implies an algorithm for constructing a planar geometric spanner of a Euclidean graph with stretch factor *)+ and degree bounded by , for any integer parameter ,& ( . Our secondcontribution lies in developing the structural results necessaryto transfer our analysisand algorithm fr om Euclidean graphs to unit disk graphs. We obtain a very simple strictly-localized algorithm that, given a unit disk graph embeddedin the plane, constructs a planar geometric spanner with the above stretch factor and degree bound. The two results dramatically impr ove the previous results in all aspects, as shown in the paper.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of motivation, fiscal services and tax sanctions through financial conditions on individual taxpayer compliance, either partially or simultaneously. The research design used in the preparation of this research is quantitative associative causal with descriptive explanation. The method of analysis used is path analysis with a total sample size of 100 respondents and the sampling technique used is the random sampling technique. The results of hypothesis testing prove that work motivation has a significant effect on taxpayer compliance by 0.139. Fiskus services have a significant effect on taxpayer compliance by 0.178. Tax sanctions have a significant effect on taxpayer compliance with a coefficient value of 0.553. The results of the simultaneous analysis prove that motivation, tax authorities, tax sanctions and financial conditions have a significant effect with a determination coefficient of 0.950 or 95%, the rest is explained by other variables outside of this study. Meanwhile, the results of moderation analysis (through) prove that motivation, tax authorities and tax sanctions through financial conditions have a significant effect on taxpayer compliance.


. Supersymmetry transformations are applied to the harmonic oscillator for generating potentials V jk whose spectra have a gap with respect to the initial one. The extremal states are found and, as the reduction theorem conditions are satisfied, ensuring that the system has third order ladder operators and it is connected with Painlev´e IV (PIV) equation, then solutions to this equation can be generated. An alternative transformation is applied, by adding the levels needed to recover the spectrum of V jk . The extremal states are found and, as the reduction theorem is met again, we get also solutions to the PIV equation which will be analysed.


This paper presents a review of recent developments in thinking on sustainable transport for our cities, concentrating on Melbourne where the subject has attracted considerable interest. The paper examines the shape of the transport task now and in the future, the importance of planning for more sustainable transport, and what some of the imperatives are as we move forwards. It concludes that the greatest priority is to rebuild urban public transport systems to increase their carrying capacity, and to extend them fully into newer suburbs, many of which have never seen proper public transport services. The paper describes the integrated approach that is needed and proposes a range of changes to existing processes. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E214755.


In this paper we present the Nao Controller, a first of its kind application to control the Aldebaran Robotics Nao Humanoid Robot. Nao Controller is the only Android application that has been successful in controlling the commands sent to a Nao Robot without using any sort of middleware for communication. Using packet capturing and executing replay attacks on the Linux machine inside the Nao robot allowed us to build unique movements into our Android application that allows a user to easily control the Nao robot by simply using Wi-Fi and an Android phone. The Nao Controller features many controlling aspects of the robot including Battery Status, Battery Safe Mode, Video Feedback from Nao's camera, Tilt Screen Mode, Manual Movement Mode, Saved Sequences, and a demonstration mode.


E-mail driven communication opens up new opportunities for social
engineering attacks like the 'doppelganger mail attack'. Our goal is to lessen
the impact of such attacks by employing machine learning techniques. In
order to do so we determine if incoming mail by unknown addresses can be
matched to other known contacts and thereby verify if an impersonation
attack is being carried out. At the same time doppelganger mail will not
work on our setup, since they will be regarded as unknown e-mails.
For that purpose, we develop an extension for the e-mail client Thunderbird
and test several scenarios, showing that our approach can successfully
counter most doppelganger mail based social engineering attacks. Although
our approach is successful, there are still some attacks which cannot be
detected. We highlight these attacks in our work and propose ways of
detecting them in future implementations.


A VBR (variable bit rate) video coding and multiplexing algorithm for DSM (digital storage media) application is described in the MPEG compliant manner. The BFOS (Breiman, Friedman, Olshen and Stone) algorithm is used for optimal bit allocation and VBR encoding under this bit allocation is introduced. Our VBR encoding provides more consistent picture quality in the MSE sense and better worst-case subjective-quality.


A small FMR ferrite disk strongly perturbs the cavity field. Graphical representation of the Poynting vector shows that due to the vortex structure the absorption cross-section of a ferrite particle can be much bigger than its geometrical cross-section. Spectral properties of magnetic oscillations in a ferrite disk show unique vortex structures for MS-wave functions.


For many applications the dimensions of the circuit are important design parameters especially for consumer electronics. In many cases the height of the whole circuit is fixed by the passive components like capacitors, transformers and inductors. So ultra thin planar coils are one of the possibilities for a height reduction. In this paper a universal analytical model for investigating the influence of conductive, permeable foils on the inductance of ultra thin planar coils for power electronics is introduced and explained in detail. First of all the equations for the magnetic vector potential in the whole circuit are derived. Based on that the final determination of the inductance is easily possible. Finally the equations are verified by measurements


The Afar region presents a unique example of a juvenile R‐R‐R triple junction with the arms evolved to various stages of maturity. The lithosphere in this area has been modified heterogeneously by the nearby Afar mantle plume. To gain a comprehensive and consistent understanding of the link between crustal geometry and geodynamics of the region and facilitate comparisons across different tectonic elements, we developed a high‐resolution crustal thickness map of the region that resolves major tectonic features. The calculation involved a well‐constrained 3‐D inversion of upper mantle‐corrected crustal Bouguer gravity anomalies computed with the help of tomography‐derived densities. Our results match earlier localized crustal thickness estimates, illustrating the method's efficacy. A thinner crust (∼20–26 km) is revealed in the Afar compared to adjacent continental regions. The Main Ethiopian Rift has the thickest crust in the central part of the rift (∼38–40 km) and thinner to the north (∼30 km) and south (∼35 km). The crustal thickness along the Gulf of Aden changes from east (∼5 km) to west (∼17 km) in the west, consistent with a westward transition from seafloor spreading to continental rifting. The southern Red Sea is characterized by asymmetric crustal thickness, with a thicker crust (∼17 km) on the eastern flank compared to the western flank (∼11 km), which we attribute to the influence of a sub‐lithospheric channel from the Afar mantle plume. We propose a model describing the channel leading to asymmetric features of the southern Red Sea, such as crustal accretion, marginal topography, and volcanism.


The paper highlights the issues of utilizing WebQuest in English language teaching/learning, focusing on its updated concept, tasks/objectives and innovations which eventually lead to the introduction of WebQuest 2.0. The authors dwell on Tom March's new vision of WebQuest who defines it as a process that motivates students' thinking and creativity by employing new opportunities offered by the internet. This process begins with the Engagement phase which stimulates learners' motivation to complete real-life-like task, progresses though the Brainstorming phases which activates critical thinking and ability to seek solutions to problems. Both phases result in offering students a variety of Learning Paths which they choose according to their capacity, learning style, and teamwork. However, WebQuest still has a number of tasks to solve in order to empower the citizens of the 21st century to handle the workplace situations. WebQuest should aim to reach a higher and more productive level of teamwork along with stimulating the project team to think critically and creatively, be able to find innovative solutions to problems they might encounter in professional life. The paper describes the WebQuest created by authors to teach prospective economists' English monologue, providing its Central task and one of its sections, 'language workshop', specifically devised to foster business English learning. They discuss the mismatch between WebQuest's major task to build learners' autonomy and the rigid structure which predetermines teachers' step-by-step guidance of the process. The authors advocate restructuring WebQuest, which may promote more flexible and well-balanced collaboration between learners and teachers as well as overall effectiveness of the method.


In this paper we have analyzed the combined influence of radiation and magnetic field on mixed convective heat and mass transfer through a porous medium in a vertical wavy channel with constant heat source. The governing non-linear partial differential equations can be transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations by using the non- dimensional procedure and are solved by regular perturbation technique. The velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are shown in figures for different variations in governing parameters.


In this paper we consider a random walk of a particle in $\mathbb{R}^d$. Convergence of different transformations of trajectories of random flights with Poisson switching moments has been obtained by Davydov and Konakov, as well as diffusion approximation of the process has been built. The goal of this paper is to prove stronger convergence in terms of the Wasserstein distance. Three types of transformations are considered: cases of exponential and super-exponential growth of a switching moment transformation function are quite simple, and the result follows from the fact that the limit processes belong to the unit ball. In the case of the power growth the estimation is more complicated and follows from combinatorial reasoning and properties of the Wasserstein metric.


The fast development of international trade in service makes it the new competitive field in the international economy and trade.The international trade in service of China gained rapid development since the reform and opening to the outside world,but its growth shows a slowing trend.This paper analyses the main influencing factors of international trade in service,and points out that the development of service and international trade in goods have correlative relationships with the development of international trade in service.


In a large panel of countries, we find that less liquid countries are more likely to default on their external debt. Specifically, for given total external debt, the probability of a crisis is increasing in the proportion of short-term debt and of debt service due and decreasing in foreign exchange reserves. This correlation, however, is consistent with a standard model of optimal default and need not be ascribed to self-fulfilling creditor runs. Also, the correlation with short-term debt appears to be driven by joint endogeneity. The policy implications are discussed.


Ramie (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud) is potential feed for ruminant. Ramie tree consist of 44% of leaf that can be used to feed ruminant. Laboratory analysis shows that ramie leaf contains 22-24% crude protein with high level of amino acid lysine and carotene. Ramie leaf also contain 10-11% fat, 14-16% crude fiber, 22% phosphor and 4,9 % calcium. The aim of this research to explore the potential of ramie trees as source of high quality feed for goat. Six ettawa goats 5-6 month old are used for this research. Three goats fed with 100% ramie leaf and three goats other fed with field grass as control. Our result show that ramie leaf can increase average weight gain of goat up to 0,073 kg/goat/day, that which is 52,08 % higher than control (average weight gain of goats just 0,048 kg/goat/day).
Key words: ramie, ettawa goat,average weight gain, field frass


Introduction. The huge demand of green energy over past few decades have drawn the interest of scientists and researchers. Solar energy is the most abundant and easily available source but there have been so many problems with its optimum extraction of output. The factors affecting the maximum power point tracking of PV systems are input irradiance, temperature, load etc. The variations in irradiance level lead to partial shading that causes reduction in performance by not letting system to operate at maximum power point. Many methods have been proposed in literature to optimize the performance of PV systems but each method has shortcomings that have failed all of them. The actual problem occurs when partial shading is very strong; this is where most of the methods totally fail. So proposed work addresses this issue and solves it to the fullest. The novelty in the proposed work is that it introduces a new nature-based algorithm that works on the principle of plant propagation. It is a natural optimization technique that plants follow to survive and propagate in different environmental conditions. The proposed method efficiently tracks the global peak under all shading conditions and is simple to implement with high accuracy and tracking speed. Purpose. Building an algorithm that can track global peak of photovoltaic systems under all shading conditions and extracts the maximum possible power from the system, and is simple and easy to implement. Methods. The method is implemented in MATLAB / Simulink on an electrical model that uses a PV array model. Different shadings are applied to check for the results. Results. The results have shown that for different photovoltaic configurations the algorithm performs very good under uniform and partial shadings conditions. Its accuracy, tracking efficiency and tracking time has increased reasonably. Practical value. The project can be very beneficial to people as it enhances the performances of PV systems that can make them self-sufficient in electrical energy, focuses on sustainable development and reduces pollution. This way it can have huge impact on human life.


In this paper, we propose a channel load sensing protocol (CLSP) to prevent the throughput decrease at heavy traffic conditions in asynchronous optical code-division multiple-access (CDMA) networks. The multiple access-interference (MAI) and beat noise are considered the main deleterious source of the network in addition to thermal, shot, and relative intensity noises. Moreover, we employ optical hard limiters and error correction codes to mitigate the physical channel impairments. However, the packet throughput performance declines severely when the number of active users reaches a certain amount in the network. We employ the proposed CLSP with optimum threshold that successfully mitigates the throughput reduction at heavy load conditions. Numerical results show that the proposed protocol can support a throughput rate above 100 Gb/s, which might be compatible for an eventual standardization for broadband optical access networks.


Developments in the sociology of music during the 1980s have brought the sub-field more firmly in to the center of sociological concerns. The worlds' concept, and the concern with music and social status have helped to ground and specify links between music and society. Meanwhile however, questions concerning music's social content have been sidelined. This paper explores music as an active ingredient in the constitution of lived experience. As with other cultural/technical forms, music provides a resource for the articulation of thought and activity. Bodily conduct and movement, the experience of time, and social character within opera are used to illustrate this point. Recent developments in feminist music analysis have been suggestive for the ways in which music metaphorizes social processes and categories of being. These developments can enrich the sociology of music. However, as with all attempts to 'read' music's social content, they should be conceived as claims made by analysts who are themselves engaged in social projects. Analytical readings of music have no a priori claim of privilege. A constructivist sociology of music should therefore be devoted to the question of how specific music users forge links between musical significance and social life. A sociology of the construction and deployment of musical realities is capable of avoiding the naive positivism otherwise implicit in attempts to 'read' music's social content.


The streamer propagation along the insulation surface is a significant physical process during the surface flashover. The results of the research on the topic will not only contribute to the understanding of interaction between surface and streamer discharge processe, but also contribute to the understanding of the mechanism of surface flashover. In the paper, the characteristic of streamer propagation along the insulation surface was measured through photomultipliers. The measured insulation material consisted of two different materials with the thickness of 5 mm piled on top of each other. The effect of the dielectric constant(the capacitive effect) and the surface properties on the characteristic of streamer propagation along the insulation surface were obtained by varying the ratio of two material volumes. The streamer propagation velocity and electric field for streamer stable propagation along two combinations of nylon and PTFE, silicone rubber and PTFE were measured, respectively. It indicated that the surface properties of insulation have a big effect on streamer propagation. Furthermore, surface properties of silicone rubber are most unfavorable to streamer propagation in the three insulation materials.


Weekly bottom trawl samples taken in Narragansett Bay and Rhode Island Sound from January 1966 through December 1972 showed patterns of occurrence within a diverse assemblage of migratory and resident stocks. Relative abundance of winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus), the commonest species in the Bay, appeared to be associated with climatic trends but not with fishing pressure. Catch decreased 78% from 1968 to 1972. Average temperature during 30-mo periods, the time required for flounder to reach catchable size, explained 76% of variation in abundance through the study. Annual abundance in the Bay is also reflected 2–3 yr later in the commercial catch. A speculative explanation for control of the population in an estuarine nursery is developed, based on subtle climatic trends whose effects have been magnified many times over by competitive processes among migratory populations.The sand flounder (Scophthalmus aquosus), second in general abundance, varied far less than the winter flounder. Catche...


Plasma membrane bound ATPase of Vigna sinensis (L) is activated by Mg+2 and is further stimulated by monovalent cations like Na+/K+, at a definite pH and substrate concentration. The true substrate for the enzyme was Mg++‐ATP. Ca++ cannot replace Mg++ so far as the activation of this enzyme is concerned. Activation does not alter much when treated with ouabain. These results support the concept that cation transport at the plasma membrane of root cells of Vigna sinensis (L) is coupled to a cation‐activated ATPase. Malathion (O, O‐dimethyl phosphorodithioate of diethyl mercapto succinate), an organo phosphorus insecticide, activates these enzymes at a concentration of 400 ppm. This increase in activity may be associated with some alteration in the membrane structure, and stimulation by malathion has been found to be of non‐competitive in nature when the divalent and monovalent ions are included in the system.


We investigate rotational spin noise (referred to as timing noise) in non-accreting pulsars: millisecond pulsars, canonical pulsars, and magnetars. Particular attention is placed on quantifying the strength and non-stationarity of timing noise in millisecond pulsars because the long-term stability of these objects is required to detect nanohertz gravitational radiation. We show that a single scaling law is sufficient to characterize timing noise in millisecond and canonical pulsars while the same scaling law underestimates the levels of timing noise in magnetars. The scaling law, along with a detailed study of the millisecond pulsar B1937+21, leads us to conclude that timing noise is latent in most millisecond pulsars and will be measurable in many objects when better arrival time estimates are obtained over long data spans. The sensitivity of a pulsar timing array to gravitational radiation is strongly affected by any timing noise. We conclude that detection of proposed gravitational wave backgrounds will require the analysis of more objects than previously suggested over data spans that depend on the spectra of both the gravitational wave background and of the timing noise. It is imperative to find additional millisecond pulsars in current and future surveys in order to reduce the effects of timing noise.


Quarter waveplates (QWPs) at upper terahertz range are demonstrated based on form birefringence of silicon grating. With depth of 15.5 and 8.4 μm, the gratings act as QWPs at 4.9 and 9.5 THz, respectively. The QWP is also successfully used to measure the state of polarization in a polarimetric system.


Twentieth-century novelists Graham Greene and William Peter Blatty provide portraits of three literary priests possessed of precisely those masculine traits that a vibrant culture needs in abundance, but which are too often derided as "toxic masculinity."


Since at least the  publication of Cultures of United States Imperialism (particularly the essays by Vicente L. Rafael and Walter Benn Michaels) there has been a "Pacific turn" in American studies. The conceptual potentialities of this Pacific turn stretch back to before the Founding, as the work of Michelle Burnham and Paul Giles demonstrates, and continues to the present day. While "transpacific" American studies stands in dialogue with its far better-known and -established cousin "transatlantic" American studies, these concepts are not, as Giles makes clear, homologous: "any reconceptualization of US culture in terms of transpacific relations necessarily involves wider and more complicated geopolitical juxtapositions" than transatlantic reconceptualizations." This essay will attend to these wider and more complicated geopolitical juxtapositions beginning with the US acquisition of the Philippines and annexation of the former Kingdom of Hawaii. Denise Cruz and Erin Suzuki characterize these "two key events" as "completely chang[ing] America's relationship to the Pacific." In particular, this essay will examine these geopolitical juxtapositions in the fiction and poetry of the Filipinoborn José Garcia Villa.


To examine if there are changes in the levels of affections over different times of day, affective state measures, alertness, irritability, mental tension, headache and anxiety of 100 female staff nurses were assessed, on visual analogue scales at 2-h intervals over a 24-h work cycle spread over three different shift works. Oral temperature was also recorded simultaneously. Sleep pattern, dietary habit and menstruation cycle of subjects were monitored. Analysis of variance reflected a significant rise in oral temperature as the day progressed with a peak during 16:00-18:00 h, which however gradually declined thereafter. Significant changes in the affective states indicated ascendancy in alertness, mental tension and anxiety within the first few hours of the beginning of each shift work, but descendancy towards the end of it. Further studies on some more affective states and physiological measures which may show parallelism have been suggested.


Most studies on eye states (open or closed) detection apply machine learning techniques on subject dependent eye state datasets, but subject independent data with large physiological variation between individuals has not been well explored. Temporal ordering information is important to predict eye state because EEG is a time sequence dataset. In this research, we keep the temporal ordering of the data in place. We create multiple CNN network models and select optimal filters and depth. Our CNN feature models are effective on both subject dependent and subject independent eye state EEG classifications. We got the best subject dependent result with 4 layers of CNNs with an accuracy rate of 96.51% on dataset I and 100% on dataset II. For subject's independent studies, we got the best classification accuracy of 80.47% on dataset I and we got 90.15% on dataset II.


A 77-year-old male presented with recurrent erythema,blisters and bullae on his body more than one year before,and was diagnosed with bullous pemphigoid(BP).Four years later MRI examination showed a retroperitoneal mass.Histopathologic findings showed a dense diffuse infiltration of lymphatic cells.Immunohistochemical staining showed CD20,PAX-5,Bcl-6,MUM-1,Ki-67 were positive.The final diagnosis is diffuse large B-cell lymphoma primarily presenting in the retroperitoneum.


Previous work has shown that a Poisson model for noise in nonlinear devices satisfied several thermodynamic tests when,connected to fairly general circuits containing lossless elements and possibly Nyquist-Johnson noisy resistors. This paper adds yet another test: does the model predict heat transfer between nonlinear devices, or between a nonlinear device and a linear resistor? In short, to extend the classic Brillouin Paradox, can a diode rectify another diode's thermal noise?.


We demonstrate single-channel 1.5-dB eye-opening improvement in a dispersion-managed modification of Mamyshev's regenerator. This is a first step toward realization of multi-channel 2R regeneration via dispersion management.


The transport and dynamics of an isolated liquid oxygen (LOX) droplet in a supercritical hydrogen stream has been numerically studied based on the complete conservation equations in axisymmetric coordinates. The approach employs a unified treatment of general fluid thermodynamics and transport, and accommodates rapid variations of fluid properties in the transcritical regime. Surface tension of the droplet is ignored in consistency with the supercritical thermodynamic condition. The analysis allows for a systematic investigation into droplet behaviour over broad ranges of fluid thermodynamic states and ambient flow conditions. Detailed flow structures and transport phenomena are examined to reveal various key mechanisms underlying droplet vaporization in a supercritical forced convective environment. In addition, correlations of droplet lifetime and drag coefficient are established in terms of fluid properties, pressure, and free-stream Reynolds number.


Let (A, m, k) be a Noetherian local ring. We define and call it the Rees algebra of A. Let X be an indeterminate over A, then R(A) can be identified with the A-subalgebra .


The purpose of this study was to examine how well two commonly used age‐based prediction equations for maximal heart rate (HRmax) estimate the actual HRmax measured in Black and White adults from the HERITAGE Family Study.


A new technique based on plasma polymerization at atmospheric pressure is presented in obtaining thin functional polymers films. A dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) is used to initiate the polymerization reaction of two monomers, acrylic acid (AAc) and N-vinyl formamide (NVF) as a source of hydroxyl and amino functionalities in the structure of the films. The discharge diagnosis was performed by electrical measurements and spatially resolved optical emission spectroscopy (OES). The wettability of polymer films was analysed by contact angle measurements and the chemical structure by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The experimental data proved that our DBD is working in the homogenous regime and the reactive species, such as molecular nitrogen and atomic oxygen, are presented in the discharge volume. The estimations of gas temperature given values around 340 K, concluding that thermal effects are excluded in the polymerization process. The DBD plasma exposure of PET films makes them more wettable, the water contact angle decreasing from 79° to 42°. After the polymerization reaction, the water contact angle was 20°, values corresponding to the deposited polymerised films. Based on ATR-FTIR spectra they were identified OH and NH functional groups in the chemical structure of plasma polymerized films.


Cooks and writers join today in a new awareness of basic materials, les mets et les mots; la nouvelle cuisine and the nouveau roman both reject the codification of traditional recipes. Of the culinary aspects of fiction we might say that we no longer crave the surfeit of yesteryear, or at the very least feel uneasy about conspicuous consumption at table or text. "Eating in our restaurants is no longer like going to a cathedral,"' says Paul Bocuse, and Raymond Federman observes, "To write then is to produce meaning and not reproduce pre-existing meaning."2 Roland Barthes recommends "... ne pas d6vorer, ne pas avaler, mais brouter, tondre avec minutie, retrouver, pour lire ces auteurs d'aujourd'hui, le loisir des anciennes lectures."3 The new emphasis on participation and generation takes us out of the restaurant and into the kitchen. As reader-cooks we reject literature as text of receipt and recipe, the acknowledgment of goods received or prescription for producing a desired result. There is a striking note in the foreword to Joy of Cooking putting into focus our discussion of the culinary aspects of fiction and particularly those of the work of Marguerite Duras. Marion Becker explains, "We use other graphic symbols too. ... Among the symbols is the parenthesis, which indicates that an ingredient is optional. Its use may enhance, but its omission will not prejudice the success of a recipe."4 It is however precisely those optional ingredients in parentheses that we hunger for, those deferred meanings which put off indefinitely finishing a story. To refuse to eat or to suspend understanding, to tear up prescriptions, recipes and pre-existing meanings is to protest our omission as individual ingredients. Tante Marie, in La Veritable Cuisine de famille, tells us, "Savoir dresser une table et savoir, comme il se doit, y placer autour ses convives, nous semble encore faire partie de ce livre qui n'en reste pas moins un livre de recettes."5 The prescriptive aspects of the culinary: whether we eat it raw or cooked, with our hands or with silverware, indicate how we are to be absorbed into the body politic. Daniel Oster raises the question of just what is being eaten and more important: What am I still hungry for when I am no longer hungry? "I1 aurait peut-etre fallu ne


According to an Associated Press dispatch late yesterday afternoon from New York, pric es of raw and granulated sugar soared to record highs, yester day's figures being the highest reached in the last 18 months. Spe cu lative buying caused the rise in prices o f raw sugar to 3.45 and granulated to over 5.00, it was rej ported. I t was also reported that heavy ' turnovers fo r refined sugar dej veloped w ith fu rther advances in price expected. R is ing cost o f ; transportation was held as one o f j the main reasons fo r the sudden! upward trend in sugar prices. U. S. Senate Passes Large Aid Measure W A S H IN G T O N , Mar. 24— The senate passed, by a vote o f 67-9, the seven billion dollar bill w ithout change. Arrangem ents have been i made to forw ard the bill to Presi! dent Roosevelt v ia air, as the pre! sident is now cruising in southern ! waters. HHA BODY P IC I FOUR SITES AS PROJECT AREA Legless, but He Set Record


The International Potato Center (CIP) sweetpotato germplasm collection consists of 8,018 accessions. In 1988 CIP Annual Report, it was reported about 66% of the Peruvian collection represent duplicates. This high percentage of duplicates is also anticipated in the Latin American collection. The cost of maintenance of duplicates is high because they are maintained both in greenhouse and in vitro collections. For this reason the rationalization is necessary through identification and elimination of duplicates. Three hundred and sixty accessions collected from Perú grouped into 119 synonym groups were studied. The morphological and molecular characterization were done using 33 morphological descriptors according to descriptors for sweetpotato (CIP, AVRDC and IBPGR, 1991) and seven AFLP primer combinations following procedures of Vos et al. (1995) with IRDye in LICOR 4300 System. Cluster analysis for morphological and molecular data was based on Average taxonomic distance and Jaccard coefficients, respectively and the unweighted pair-group method using an arithmetic average (UPGMA) algorithm with NTSYS-pc version 2.1. The result showed that the 360 accessions studied can be reduced to 119 unique genotypes and the remaining 241 accessions consist of 197 duplicates and 44 require further evaluation.


The solitary thyroid nodule, defined as a palpably discrete swelling within an otherwise apparently normal gland, is usually a benign lesion. However, patient and physician alike are typically concerned about the possibility of thyroid cancer. This review describes a strategy for the treatment of clinically euthyroid patients who have a solitary thyroid nodule that prevents unnecessary testing while identifying the few patients who require therapy. Management has changed in recent years, but important differences of opinion remain over which nodules should be surgically excised. Several recent reviews address these issues comprehensively1–3. Prevalence of Thyroid Nodules and Cancer The . . .


Secure Socket Layer(SSL) certificate authentication has the trust chain,host authentication,certificate revocation and extension mechanism. The use of SSL library in the abstract SSL protocol stack is defined,and the setting method of default value used to connection is expanded. Then,it expounds that the trust chain validation OpenSSL application interfaces have different valid hostname composition limit and matching requirements of certificate list. Based on the analysis of HTTPS connection mechanism built by OpenSSL internal data structure and data transport layer,the defect that JSSE does not perform its host authentication to build SSL connection is revealed,and then the solving strategy that realize automatic check whether the application is correct to use key options and parameters of SSL library by formal verification techniques and programming,is put forward.


Based on the status quo of the color of CNC machine tools,analyse the problems of the color of CNC machine tools,put forwad design principles of the color of the CNC machine tools,including the principle of functionality,the principle of human-machine coordination,the principle of meeting envi-ronmental,in line with the principle of aesthetic,in line with the principle of the aesthetic needs of the times,the principle of economy,the principle of meeting the requirement of corporate image,in line with the different the principle of color preferences in different countries and regions.


We link brokerage firm revenue and affiliated analysts' recommendations to the firms' competitive positions in product markets. Our first important finding is that affiliated analysts tend to assign more favourable ratings to the firms with high market power (more competitive firms) during 1993-2006. Our results are robust to controlling for other firm characteristics identified in prior literature associated with more favourable recommendations. Our second important finding is that a portfolio of stocks with above median market power (more competitive firms) underperforms a portfolio of below median market power stocks (less competitive firms) adjusting for market, size, book-to-market and momentum factors. Our results are consistent with the idea that at least part of the favourable recommendations for high market power firms are related to affiliated brokerage firms' revenue from the same firms. Therefore, investors should be cautious following the advice of the analysts related to firms enjoying high market power.


Abstract Methidathion resistance mechanisms were studied in the predaceous mite Amblyseius womersleyi. High synergistic ratios (SR = LC50 without synergist/LC50 with synergist) were observed for piperonyl butoxide and 2-propynyl 2,3,6-trichlorophenyl ether (both inhibitors of mixed-function oxidases) only in the resistant strain, suggesting that an increase in oxidative metabolism is involved in this resistance. Tests done with the synergists DEM (an inhibitor of GSH transferases and mfo) and DEF (an inhibitor of esterases and GSH transferases) indicate that, to a lesser extent, hydrolytic reactions are also partially involved in this resistance. Insensitive acetylcholinesterase was thought to be a minor factor for resistance. No difference in cuticular permeability of [14C]methidathion was observed between the susceptible and resistant strains. An in vitro degradation study showed that [14C]methidathion was degraded 1.5 times more in the microsomal fraction of the resistant strain than that of the susceptible one. No difference in [14C]methidathion degradation was observed in the soluble fraction between susceptible and resistant strains. From these results, oxidative degradation was thought to have a critical role in methidathion resistance in A. womersleyi.


This paper presents a new pole assignment method to optimize the response of an LTI system by minimizing the Frobenius-norm of an infinite horizon cost function. It can be shown that for a given set of poles, the state feedback matrix that conforms to the desired poles is not unique. Hence, in this study, it is decided that this redundancy in the decision parameter set is used to minimize the Frobenius-norm of a cost function. Then, the set of optimal decision parameters minimizing the Frobenius-norm of proposed cost function is used to calculate the optimal state-feedback matrix. Hence, in this paper, it has been shown that poles of an LTI system can be placed in the complex-plane at desired locations and a measure of the system response can be optimized by minimizing the Frobenius-norm of an infinitehorizon cost by calculating some optimal state-feedback matrix with the use of method proposed here.


A flow injection procedure for the determination of ultra-trace amounts of selenium(IV) is described, which combines hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS) with on-line preconcentration of the analyte by co-precipitation–dissolution in a filterless knotted Microline reactor. Based on a previously published procedure that requires the off-line premixing of sample and co-precipitating agent, the present approach facilitates on-line addition of the co-precipitant to the time-based aspirated sample. The sample and the coprecipitating agent (lanthanum nitrate) are mixed on-line and merged with an ammonium buffer solution of pH 9.1, which promotes precipitation and quantitative collection on the inner walls of an incorporated knotted Microline reactor. The SeIV preconcentrated by coprecipitation with the generated lanthanum hydroxide precipitate is subsequently eluted with hydrochloric acid, allowing an ensuing determination via hydride generation. At different sample flow rates, i.e., 4.8, 6.4 and 8.8 ml min–1, enrichment factors of 30, 40 and 46, respectively, were obtained at a sampling frequency of 33 samples h–1. The detection limit (3s) was 0.005 µg l–1 at a sample flow rate of 6.4 ml min–1 and the precision (relative standard deviation) was 0.5%(n= 11) at the 0.1 µg l–1 level.


A new type of rotary points cover device for sealing machine was introduced in this paper. First, its structure and working principle were analyzed in detail through the introduction of the motion of covers separation. Then the cutter design was carried out and the key parameters were determined, and finally, motion simulation was performed for the device to prove whether it met the design requirements. Though simulation analysis, the breakthrough point of the upper and lower cutter edges always had a distance of about 10° in the process of covers separation, which conformed to the cutter shape, and the function of covers separation could be successfully achieved. The device was characterized by good stability and simple structure, and it met the design requirements as proved by actual using.


Many problems such as low steam displacement efficiency, low oil/steam ratio and poor profit exist in multiple cyclic steam stimulated heavy oil or super heavyoil field. Normal steam injection can not be carried out because of especially high pressure in some districts. Experimental results show that steam displacement efficiency, oil/steam ratio and cyclic production can be improved by a high efficiency viscosity reducing agent CY 2.This technology has been widely applied in Shanjia Temple Oil Field and great profit has been achieved, which provides a new method to exploit heavy oil or super heavy oil field.


Kaab bin Zuhair has a high status in Arabic poetry and is a descendant of a family gifted with poetry. His father is the well-known pre-Islamic poet Zuhair bin Abi Salma. He was one of the famous poets in the pre-Islamic era even after the advent of Islam. It is worth noting that he plays an important role in preserving the message of Islam through his poems and poems. Likewise, there are many Islamic values and knowledge about Islam from the poetry of Ka`b bin Zuhair in the era of Islam. This research aims to know the poetic style of Kaab bin Zuhair in his Islamic poetry and to discover a role in his poetry about the Islamization of knowledge. The article released on the desk descriptive approach and focused the research on Islamic poetry. The researcher analyzed the Islamic poetry of Kaab bin Zuhair based on the explanation of the Diwan of Kaab bin Zuhair to Abu Saeed Al Hussein bin Al Hussein bin Abdullah Al Sukari. The research concluded that Kaab bin Zuhair's poetry was profoundly affected by Islam in terms of terms and methods.


Deformable models (DMs) generally possess shape-varying capability, making them particularly suitable for extracting and recognizing non-rigid objects. However, most of the existing DMs are limited to model a close or open contour and hence they are not applicable to complex handwriting patterns like Chinese characters and signatures of which structure plays an important role. In the paper, a new type of DMs called structural deformable models (SDMs) is proposed and preliminary results are reported. The new model takes structural information into account by representing handwriting patterns as a set of active contours that are structurally connected with each other and contain information about the orientation of stroke segments. Appropriate internal and external energy functions are formulated to preserve the model structure and satisfy the data match criterion. By applying the steepest descent method and proposing an effective initialization scheme, the deformation process is derived. The performance of the new model is demonstrated through a small scale Chinese character recognition experiment.


This paper sketches the strategies and designs for monitoring system of swine genetic improvement. The system should reflect every side of pig production. The system leads us to assess the efficiency of pig production and the scope of the system includes not only nucleus, multiplying and commercial herds, but also packing and processing sectors. For more accurate statistics, data for this monitoring system must be collected from all above mentioned areas, but not by random sampling. Futhermore, data analysis results including seedstocks and distribution information of genetic trend should be included in the system. The schema of knowledge database system could be employed in the system. The monitoring system in the final destination would unify the systems derived from various sources and provide any solution in swine industry including pig breeding.


The transferability of habitat suitability indices (HSIs) remains a controversial issue within physical habitat-based modelling. This issue is often exacerbated when the indices are obtained from international sources without adequate transferability tests being conducted. The aim of this paper was to assess the applicability of seven sets of HSIs (three local and four international) to small lowland Danish streams applied to large parr brown trout (Salmo trutta), an important ecological indicator in these systems. Using a simple hierarchical literature review, the applied indices were ranked firstly for their biological and physical similarities to the local Danish small lowland stream conditions, secondly on the methods used to devise the HSIs and collect the field data, and thirdly if they were locally or internationally sourced. The review ranked background information hierarchically (from most important to least) provided with the HSIs literature: (1) size class of species, (2) season, (3) river type, (4) discharge level, (5) HSIs type, (6) HSIs category, (7) data processing methods, (8) sampling methods, and (9) HSIs country of origin (local or international). To test the effectiveness of the hierarchical review-based system to rank the applicability of the HSIs, the impact of using the different HSIs for physical habitat-based modelling was tested using the hydraulic-habitat model RHYHABSIM. A set of locally derived indices were used as the baseline and compared to the other HSIs. There were large differences in the hydraulic-habitat model predictions of the maximum weighted usable habitat area (WUAmax, ranging from 0.459 to 1.023 m2m−1) and the corresponding optimum discharge (Q opt, ranging from 0.170 to 0.315 m3s−1). This emphasizes that model output is very dependent on the set of HSIs chosen; so careful consideration in the selection process is needed. The review ranking system compared favourably to the physical habitat model results, indicating that it is possible to transfer HSIs from international sources if the biological and physical conditions from their source study and stream(s) were similar to the target stream, irrespective of the country of origin. The study shows promising results for water managers wanting to use already developed HSIs by transferring international HSIs even when using simple transferability tests such as a hierarchical literature review.


The extent of success by organization can be considered in their effectiveness and this would not achieve unless a proper structure. Informing organizational effectiveness and measuring its relationship with organizational structure as an affecting factor on organizational effectiveness, one can identify an ideal extent of structural elements relevant to organizational internal and external conditions. By revising and modifying such elements and by making structure effectiveness, one can accelerate moving toward aims and can increase organizational effectiveness. Present study evaluates the relationship between organizational structure and effectiveness in Kerman province Red Crescent. Research method is survey-type and questionnaire is the tool to gather data. Its population consists of managers and staff of Kerman province Red Crescent. The statistical sample included 189 managers and employees of the organizational and sampling method is an objective one. The studied variables include organizational effectiveness, organizational structure, concentration, formalization and complexity. The findings show that there is a relationship between organizational effectiveness and organizational structure. Such relations are as follow: the relationship between effectiveness and complexity is directly significant, it is adverse significant between effectiveness and concentration and it is directly significant between effectiveness and formalization. © 2013 Elixir All rights reserved. ARTICLE INF O Articl e h istory: Received: 16 October 2013; Received in revised form: 25 November 2013; Accepted: 2 December 2013;


Little attention has been paid in Yugoslav historiography to the relationship between social structure and the character of the national movements of the various Yugoslav peoples. Enough data are available, however, to compile a list of the problems that should be studied in any systematic comparison of these national movements. The purpose of this paper is to examine some aspects of the interaction of social structures and national movements among the Yugoslav peoples for the twenty-year period before the First World War. The paper is primarily focused on urban society, which took the leading role in national movements


In this paper, a novel generalized bidirectional multilevel DC-DC converter is introduced. The proposed converter is capable of high power conversion between low voltage (LV) and medium voltage (MV) levels by using uniform low-voltage half bridge IGBT module. Single source is applied at low voltage side and both single and multiple sources in series can be applied at high voltage side. The operating rules for bidirectional operation are introduced and switching states and sequences are analyzed. Simulation and experimental results of a 4-level hardware prototype is used as an example to validate the proposal. Importantly, the unbalancing issue is investigated. Small signal model and closed-loop control are developed to balance capacitor voltages. Simulation results is presented finally to testify the necessity and practicability of the proposed closed- loop control.


The attraction of Tomicus piniperda (L.) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to Scots pine trees of low and higher vigor with and without previous attacks was monitored with sticky traps. Somewhat higher numbers of beetles were caught on low vigor trees than on trees of higher vigor, indicating differences in olfactory stimuly between the two classes of trees.


Aiming at the problem that the low-cost Strapdown Inertial Navigation System (SINS)/Global Positioning System (GPS) cannot effectively achieve fast in-flight alignment with short-endurance, an improved alignment method based on backtracking navigation is proposed. Firstly, the existing backtracking alignment scheme is refined by fully considering the low-cost inertial sensor biases and correcting the correlated errors, which can effectively suppress the sensor biases that cannot be ignored while making full use of the limited observation information. Secondly, a cubature Kalman filter (CKF) based on Lie group is designed to correct the sensor biases. The corresponding errors encountered during the construction of the observation vectors for alignment are directly compensated by filtering, thus avoiding the traditional schema of coarse alignment followed by fine alignment, and simplifying the alignment process. The effectiveness of the proposed in-flight alignment method is demonstrated via ground vehicle tests. The test results show that, compared with the existing advanced alignment methods, the proposed method has higher alignment accuracy, faster alignment speed and better stability, and is applicable to low-cost SINS for short-endurance alignment.


I present the general framework and goal of my PhD project, summarize the advances of the first year of work studying word substitution on blogs (using the MemeTracker dataset), and explain the plans for a set of controlled online "broken telephone" experiments over the years to come.