A series of peptides possessing the structure (l-Tyr-l-Ala-l-Glu)n, with n = 1,2,3,4,7,9, and 13 was synthesized. The oligomers up to n = 4 were prepared by stepwise synthesis using the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of the tripeptide derivative for the elongation of the chain. The oligomers with n = 7,9, 13 were prepared by a polycondensation technique, followed by gel filtration.

The circular dichroism spectra of the above oligopeptides were measured in the wavelength range 200–330 nm in a solution of 0.15 M sodium chloride –0.02 M sodium phosphate, pH 7.4, conditions at which the high molecular weight polytripeptide (Tyr-Ala-Glu)n exists in a helical conformation. The circular dichroic spectrum of the high molecular weight polymer exhibits two negative ellipticity bands: an intense band at 220 nm ([Θ]max= 8700) and a weak band at 273 nm ([Θ]max= 360). The tripeptide (n = 1) exhibits a positive ellipticity band at 227 nm ([Θ]max= 4000) and a broad, positive, weak band at 270 nm ([Θ]max= 115). The other oligopeptides (n = 2 to 13) exhibit positive bands in the 227 nm region, with ellipticity values that decrease as the degree of polymerization increases. Except for (Tyr-Ala-Glu)13, which has a negative peak centered at 216 nm, circular dichroic spectra of the other oligomers (n = 1 to 9) in the 200–210 nm region resemble that of random coils. In the 260–290 nm region, the circular dichroic curves of the oligopeptides gradually approach the 272 nm band of the polypeptide (Tyr-Ala-Glu)n, as the degree of polymerization increases. Under physiological conditions, only the (Tyr-Ala-Glu)13 shows an indication of helical content.


Atomic physics research with multiply-charged ions is now in progress using ion beams from the Brookhaven Double MP-Tandem van de Graaff facility. In the near future, experiments will start using ions produced by photons from the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS). Examples of typical experiments are discussed to illustrate the comprehensive nature of these facilities. Plans for future expansion by addition of a CRYEBIS type ion source coupled to a heavy-ion storage ring for use in crossed-beam experiments at the NSLS are discussed. 18 refs., 8 figs.


This paper describes the biofidelity of the TRL lower leg impactor (hereafter referred to as "The Impactor"). The knee-bending angle biofidelity of The Impactor is compared with the THUMS (Total HUman Model for Safety) FEM human body model. Detailed sedan and sport utility vehicle (SUV) FEM models were generated and were correlated with test results. FEM results show The Impactor's knee-bending angles correlate well with test results. When the tibia deflection of The Impactor is small, The Impactor has a larger knee-bending angle than the THUMS model in a finite element (FE) analysis of the pedestrian impacted by a sedan. When the tibia deflection of the THUMS is small, The Impactor has a similar knee-bending angle to the THUMS model in FE analysis of a pedestrian impacted by an SUV. Movement of The Impactor coincides with the THUMS model in an FE analysis of the pedestrian impacted by a sedan until the medial collateral ligaments ruptured. Movement of The Impactor does not coincide with the THUMS model in FE analysis of a pedestrian impacted by an SUV with a bumper height 520 mm. If the bumper height of the SUV is less than 420 mm, movement of The Impactor is similar to that in the THUMS model. Biofidelity of the knee-bending angle of The Impactor is not sufficient if compared with the THUMS model. Deflection of the tibia should be taken into account to improve biofidelity of The Impactor's knee-bending angle.


Polarimetric investigation of fully resolved speckle patterns provides a direct measure of the joint distribution of Stokes vector elements. In the case of highly diffusive media, Gaussian statistics are usually invoked to describe the field distribution and subsequently determine the polarization distribution. However, it has been shown that various types of globally unpolarized field distributions can arise in practice, and that second order polarization correlations can be used as a means for discriminating these various ensembles. We examine polarization correlations as they relate to the thickness and morphological structure of bulk scattering media. We also comment on the usefulness of the complex degree of mutual polarization as a discriminator in this regime.


This article presents the state of research on the military service of knights and townspeople of Upper Lusatia and their armament during the Luxembourg reign. These considerations include not only the presentation of scientific achievements in this field, but also the justification of the intention to address this issue. The paper is a draft in nature. In terms of quantity, the source material is rich, although in terms of quality it looks less impressive. The richest archive collections can be found in Germany. The archives in Poland and the Czech Republic are also noteworthy, although they are not very large. Most attention was paid to this issue by German researchers, although the problem was often on the sidelines of main considerations. The most valuable studies were conducted by prominent Upper Lusatian historians Hermann Knothe and Richard Jecht. In Poland, the problem is not widely considered, although the research by Mateusz Goliński and Robert Heś is worthy of attention. Despite the fact that studies on this issue are not very well developed, it is justified to work on a potential publication on this subject. This need stems from the growing interest in Upper Lusatia and the inspiring works of medieval historians from Wrocław. Key words: Upper Lusatia, Luxembourg dynasty, military service of knights and townspeople, state of research, armament, Hermann Knothe, Richard Jecht


Summary The production and import of fertilizer have previously been identified as the major source of three separate European environmental problems related to nitrogen compounds. In order to obtain a picture of the changes in the anthropogenic nitrogen flows needed for a solution, the effectiveness of several more radical interventions is estimated using Substance Flow Analysis (SFA). A selection of rigorous technical measures is expected to reduce the atmospheric deposition of N compounds to a level that seems acceptable for the EU as a whole, and will reduce the anthropogenic input of N compounds into the North Sea well below the agreed level of 50% of the present load. The third problem, the pollution of groundwater with nitrates, would remain unsolved. Resolution of this last problem requires radical changes in the agricultural sector, reducing agricultural output substantially. Two directions are explored by assessing the impacts of the extremes: termination of industrial fertilizer use to combat the problems at the source, and abolition of the entire stock-breeding sector to increase agricultural efficiency radically. These changes do contribute to a solution of the groundwater problem, but imply either greater dependence on imported food, or a major change in food consumption patterns, from animal towards vegetable products. The current EU population and diet are incompatible with the absence of environmental problems. The question then arises, how does acceptance of the draconian measures required to solve such an environmental problem weigh up against acceptance of the fact of having to cope with contaminated groundwater?


The paper explores, using different levels of turbulence closure, the computed behaviour of the three-dimensional turbulent wall jet in order to determine the cause of the remarkably high lateral rates of spread observed in experiments. Initially, to ensure accurate numerical solution, the equations are cast into the form appropriate to a self-similar shear flow thereby reducing the problem to one of two independent variables. Our computations confirm that the strong lateral spreading arises from the creation of streamwise vorticity, rather than from anisotropic diffusion. The predicted ratio of the normal to lateral spreading rates is, however, very sensitive to the approximation made for the pressure–strain correlation. The version that, in other flows, has led to the best agreement with experiments again comes closest in calculating the wall jet, although the computed rate of spread is still some 50% greater than in most of the measurements. Our subsequent calculations, using a forward-marching scheme show that, because of the strong coupling between axial and secondary flow, the flow takes much longer to reach its self-preserving state than in a two-dimensional wall jet. Thus, it appears very probable that none of the experimental data are fully developed.


We have used a reservoir gridblock-sized outcrop (10m by 100m) of fluvio-deltaic sandstones to evaluate the importance of internal heterogeneity for a hypothetical waterflood displacement process. Using a dataset based on probe permeameter measurements taken from two vertical transacts representing {open_quotes}wells{close_quotes} (5cm sampling) and one {open_quotes}core{close_quotes} sample (exhaustive 1mm-spaced sampling), we evaluate the permeability variability at different lengthscales, the correlation characteristics (structure of the variogram, function), and larger-scale trends. We then relate these statistical measures to the sedimentology. We show how the sediment architecture influences the effective tensor permeability at the lamina and bed scale, and then calculate the effective relative permeability functions for a waterflood. We compare the degree of oil recovery from the formation: (a) using averaged borehole data and no geological structure, and (b) modelling the sediment architecture of the interwell volume using mixed stochastic/deterministic methods. We find that the sediment architecture has an important effect on flow performance, mainly due to bedscale capillary trapping and a consequent reduction in the effective oil mobility. The predicted oil recovery differs by 18% when these small-scale effects are included in the model. Traditional reservoir engineering methods, using averages permeability values, only prove acceptable in high-permeability and low-heterogeneity zones. Themore » main outstanding challenge, represented by this illustration of sub-gridblock scale heterogeneity, is how to capture the relevant geological structure along with the inherent geo-statistical variability. An approach to this problem is proposed.« less


A left ventricular aneurysm developed in a 17-year-old boy following severe nonpenetrating chest trauma. Successful surgical repair with cardiopulmonary bypass was performed six weeks after injury.


Dear Professor Gibbons, As you know, APIT has always opposed the M.R.C.Psych, examination in principle, but as we are now saddled with it we feel that greater efforts should be made to make it less unsatisfactory. We have held several workshops to teach M.R.C.Psych, candidates the relevant examination techniques. It seems that in the clinical and viva a candidate's presentation and style are as important as


The Business Competition Supervisory Commission (KPPU) has the authority to examine and decide on alleged violations of business competition in tenders under Law No. 5 of 1999 concerning Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices. The results of the study of Case Verdict Number: 34 / KPPU-L / 2009 are that there are several facts that business actors have violated Article 22 of Law Number 5 of 1999 that fulfills elements of conspiracy, the form of conspiracy is vertical collusion and conspiracy horizontal. In Case Decision Number 34 / KPPU-L / 2009 it is shown that a violation of business competition has Elements that can determine that there is an unfair business practice, in this case it is stated that Reported I, Reported II, Reported III, Reported IV, Reported V, Reported VI was proven to have been legally and convinced to have carried out a tender conspiracy. The formulation of the problem in the research is an analysis of the authority of the KPPU and the elements of a tender conspiracy. The type of research that was used in this journal were the Normative Research Type, and the data collection technique used is the literature study


The advent of "omics" is transforming Biological Sciences. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) in Food Safety represents a challenge for Clinical Microbiology and Public Health. A new professional profile which combines different domains represents a strategic lever to increase competitiveness in this field. The Erasmus+ project Learning Genomics for Food Safety(LEGO) is aimed at defining an innovative profile, the Food Microbial Bioinformatician (FMB), a professional able to use NGS technologies applied to the analysis of food-borne pathogens. FMB bridges diverse professional areas within processes integrating Genomics, Computer Science, Statistics and Microbiology. It mixes hard/technical and soft skills and competencies to be applied in different sectors. LEGO is carried out by a European consortium (UH, UTP,UNIVAQ, AINIA, UdAnet), led by IZSAM.Desk and in-field research activities have been conducted at European level to define the FMB profile, leveraging on: national/international professional classification; the 4C model, clustering the profile in 4 areas of hard and soft skills(primary - cognitive, individual, social; organisational interpersonal behaviours). The new profile development process is made of three key phaces. First of all, a questionnaire has been delivered to almost 50 experts within the Consortium to set the draft scheme concerning FMB roles, activities and competences. Secondly, a broad range of relevant stakeholders have beeninvolved for deepening relevance, frequency and complexity of each professional dimension. Finally, the collected information guided the Consortium through the validation of the new profile at the European level. The definition of a comprehensive, standard FMB profileallows to: analyse existing curricula and training gaps; ground customised modular training programmes to fill in the gaps; increase Food Safety, promoting continuous training in a sector strongly influenced by the evolution of technology.

 Professional excellence bridging different areas (both scientific and technical). Health System innovation for wellbeing and professional development of carrier pathways and mobility.


The invention provides an information processing apparatus, and an information processing method. The information processing apparatus include: a control detection block configured to detect a control in a predetermined detection space; a position detection block configured to detect a three-dimensional position of a control detected by the control detection block; a threshold value setting block configured, if the control has approached the control detection block beyond a threshold value set to a predetermined distance through the control detection block on the basis of a three-dimensional position detected by the position detection block, to set the threshold value farther from the control detection block than the predetermined distance; a setting change block configured, if the control has exceeded the threshold value set by the threshold value setting block, to change setting values for predetermined processing; and a processing execution block configured to execute the processing by use of the setting values used for predefined process and set by the setting change block.


Human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted infection, is the main cause of cervical cancer worldwide [1]. The most common route of transmission is vaginal or anal intercourse [1], but HPV may also cause anal, oral, and throat cancer [2]. There are more than 100 strains of HPV; new screening efforts are focusing on the more high-risk HPV types (16/18), reinforcing the concept that cervical cancer is preventable [1, 3]. Efforts are already in place to reduce HPV-related cancer with 2 vaccines recommended as primary prevention [4]. The first is Gardasil (Merck & Co., Whitehouse Station, NJ), a quadrivalent vaccine that protects against HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18 [1, 5]. It was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2006 for use in females between the ages of 9 and 26 years (expanded to males in 2009) [1]. The second is Cervarix (GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium), a bivalent vaccine that targets HPV types 16 and 18, approved in 2009 for females between the ages of 10 and 25 years [1]. Immunization rates remain inconsistent nationwide, ranging from 6% to 75% in adolescent girls and 4% to 79% in women 18 to 26 years of age [1]. The vaccine uptake rates are even lower in young men, at less than 2% [6]. Legislation promoting HPV vaccination before school entry has been met with resistance [7]. This article discusses various interventions and highlights which ones have been most successful in increasing HPV vaccine uptake, with a focus on young women.


The realization of Industry 4.0 model requires theoretical knowledge and practical skills in industrial automation and networking. Mastering the PLC programming becomes an essential part of the engineering education in this field. The paper presents the development of a training laboratory and proper learning assignments.


The paper studies four methods about selection of independent variables in multivariate analysis.In general condition,advanced statistical method and bachward statistical method could not obtain the best subset of independent variables.It is possibly affected by the orders of variables of associations amog variables.When multicollinearity is presented in a set of explanatory variables-abnormal state,it is not effective to use the method,although stepwise regression and optimum selecting method of total subsets is widely used.According to this case,the paper proposes a new method which combines deleting variables with ingredient analysis and is used in research and science practically.The important characteristic of this paper is that it gives some examples to support each conclusion.


ABSTRACT In 2014 and 2015, the United States experienced an unprecedented outbreak of Eurasian clade 188.8.131.52 H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus. Initial cases affected mainly wild birds and mixed backyard poultry species, while later outbreaks affected mostly commercial chickens and turkeys. The pathogenesis, transmission, and intrahost evolutionary dynamics of initial Eurasian H5N8 and reassortant H5N2 clade 126.96.36.199 HPAI viruses in the United States were investigated in minor gallinaceous poultry species (i.e., species for which the U.S. commercial industries are small), namely, Japanese quail, bobwhite quail, pearl guinea fowl, chukar partridges, and ring-necked pheasants. Low mean bird infectious doses (<2 to 3.7 log10) support direct introduction and infection of these species as observed in mixed backyard poultry during the early outbreaks. Pathobiological features and systemic virus replication in all species tested were consistent with HPAI virus infection. Sustained virus shedding with transmission to contact-exposed birds, alongside long incubation periods, may enable unrecognized dissemination and adaptation to other gallinaceous species, such as chickens and turkeys. Genome sequencing of excreted viruses revealed numerous low-frequency polymorphisms and 20 consensus-level substitutions in all genes and species, but especially in Japanese quail and pearl guinea fowl and in internal proteins PB1 and PB2. This genomic flexibility after only one passage indicates that influenza viruses can continue to evolve in galliform species, increasing their opportunity to adapt to other species. Our findings suggest that these gallinaceous poultry are permissive for infection and sustainable transmissibility with the 2014 initial wild bird-adapted clade 126.96.36.199 virus, with potential acquisition of mutations leading to host range adaptation. IMPORTANCE The outbreak of clade 188.8.131.52 H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus that occurred in the United States in 2014 and 2015 represents the worst livestock disease event in the country, with unprecedented socioeconomic and commercial consequences. Epidemiological and molecular investigations can identify transmission pathways of the HPAI virus. However, understanding the pathogenesis, transmission, and intrahost evolutionary dynamics of new HPAI viruses in different avian species is paramount. The significance of our research is in examining the susceptibility of minor gallinaceous species to HPAI virus, as this poultry sector also suffers from HPAI epizootics, and identifying the biological potential of these species as an epidemiological link between the waterfowl reservoir and the commercial chicken and turkey populations, with the ultimate goal of refining surveillance in these populations to enhance early detection, management, and control in future HPAI virus outbreaks.


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A 65-year-old woman was diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with extra blasts-2 with 10% myeloblasts without any evidence of a mast cell disorder. She received azacitidine without response. Thirteen months after the initial diagnosis, she developed worsening


Technology has contributed to the development of the construction sector. Scientific discoveries have resulted in the cooperation of a group of people from different geographic locations who depend on communication technologies (i.e., a virtual team). Virtual teams use advanced technology to fix communication issues and are considered as a practical, productive, and creative team concept. Thus, it is evident that the virtual team also needs to concern about improving construction efficiency. This study aims to define the strategies that maximize the effectiveness of virtual teams in the construction industry in Malaysia. To achieve the objective, a questionnaire survey was conducted with industry practitioners from the Malaysian construction industry. Data of 112 respondents were collected and analyzed. The results reveal that seven strategies are perceived by industry practitioners to be both the most effective and easiest in enhancing virtual teams. Conversely, ten strategies are either the most effective or easiest to be implemented. This research adds to the body of knowledge is in expanding the understanding of virtual teams in the construction industry in Malaysia, which could support industry practitioners in the decision-making process for improving virtual teams. The findings of this research would help increase the efficiency of the project teams in the construction industry.


Although constructivism has generated much theoretical discussion in the mental health disciplines, its implications for clinic conceptualization, assessment, and treatment have been less systematically explored. The authors attempt to remedy this shortcoming fry extending a narrative account of post-traumatic stress and illustrating its applicability in the context of an extended case study. They conclude that a narrative perspective on the traumatic disruption of self-identity holds promise for clinicians at both the heuristic and applied levels.


Objective: With a high incidence, sexually transmitted diseases are one of the most important public health problems all over the world and urethritis is the most prevalent clinical symptom among men. Urethritis causes urethral discharge and dysuria and caused by various agents.
Material and Methods: In this study, between July 2010-August 2011, the prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis, which are found in the urethral smear and urine samples of 140 men with urethritis, are investigated. Gram stained urethral samples were examined for polymorphonuclear leukocytes and intracellular diplococci.
Results: In the samples that are positive for N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis, U. urealyticum and M. hominis, the prevalance of ?5 PMN are found to be 100%, 54%, 33% and 20%, respectively. ?5 PMN leukocytes were found in 7 patients (5%), however no pathogen was detected in any of these patients.
Conclusion: This study emphasizes the benefit of microscopic examination in pre-diagnosis of symptomatic patients and the importance of epidemiological studies against the struggle for sexually transmitted diseases.


The choices teachers make about both form and content in designing their courses shape students' perceptions of the connection between 'real life' and the classroom. The choice to begin a first-year law course with stories told by residential school survivors provides an example of how to bring 'real life' into the classroom in a way which develops both critical understanding of ideas and capacity for identity-based roles and responsibilities. Classroom and 'real life' merge through issues and pedagogical approaches that combine deep reflection with active participation.


With international logistics turning to new trends and obtaining fresh features,it has been pushing those international EPC contractor to improve his project management level and anti-risk ability.The author proved the necessity of carrying out more normalized management upon logistics of engineering 2Ms(machines and materials),occupying over 60% of the total EPC tender price and discussed operation flows and scientific management methods.This will insure an EPC project to be a lucrative business and an EPC company to acquire international competitiveness.


Luxury, an oligopolistic market. What are luxury conglomerates? Key players. Business model of the main groups and impact on brands. A common growth strategy: mergers and acquisitions. Strategies of the dominant groups and the success of acquisitions. Emerging players. The geography of luxury groups and the French domain. Future prospects. Luxury groups and technology: a possible choice?


In 1993 the Philippines seemed to be on the verge of a crisis. Thailand was experiencing an HIV epidemic of calamitous proportions and some experts were predicting similar projections for the Philippines. There was no sentinel surveillance in the country so the extent of the epidemic was unclear. Official speculations on infection levels were as high as 50000 HIV positive cases throughout the country. Certain high-risk behaviors were believed to be widespread including unprotected commercial sex work and needle sharing among IDUs. Although many Filipinos had heard of HIV they lacked specific knowledge about the disease its transmission modes and how best to protect themselves. Experts cautioned that the " window of opportunity" to prevent extensive spread of HIV infection to the general public was closing fast as commercial and sexual behaviors that contribute to high levels of STDs continued with relatively low condom use rates. Ten years later the level of seroprevalence in the country has remained well below one percent. The predicted catastrophe was averted. How did this come about? Various factors – some of which are not well understood – helped avoid a disastrous epidemic in the Philippines. While much remains unanswered this report looks at one well-recognized factor: HIV prevention education efforts. This report examines the education component of ASEP and its role in helping to keep the Philippines AIDS epidemic low and slow. (excerpt)


This paper deals with the event-triggered design of on-demand, distributed control systems by using a specialized version of networked multi-agent systems called cell agents. In an interconnected world, where the number of devices that join various (socio-)technical networks increases every day, some of the most important challenges are related to the optimization of timeframes necessary for seamless integration and control. These concerns translate, in this case, into two problems: how to automatically design networked control systems and how fast can this process be. This study presents a scalable algorithm for self-organization of control systems and the resulting cell structure. In order to create on-demand scalable control loops which are then used to control a given set of processes, the systems involved communicate over a network based on specific methodologies that use aperiodic, asynchronous event-triggered mechanisms. This distributed algorithm is suitable for designing large-scale networked control systems. Simulation results that validate extensibility and effectiveness are included.


Only a few scientific research studies, especially dealing with extremely low flow conditions, have been compiled so far, in Greece. The present study, aiming to contribute in this specific area of hydrologic investigation, generates synthetic low stream flow time series of an entire calendar year considering the stream flow data recorded during a center interval period of the year 2015. We examined the goodness of fit tests of eleven theoretical probability distributions to daily low stream flow data acquired at a certain location of the absolutely channelized urban stream which crosses the roads junction formed by Iokastis road an Chrisostomou Smirnis road, Agios Loukas residential area, Kavala city, NE Greece, using a 3-inches conventional portable Parshall flume and calculated the corresponding probability distributions parameters. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Anderson-Darling and Chi-Squared, GOF tests were employed to show how well the probability distributions fitted the recorded data and the results were demonstrated through interactive tables providing us the ability to effectively decide which model best fits the observed data. Finally, the observed against the calculated low flow data are plotted, compiling a log-log scale chart and calculate statistics featuring the comparison between the recorded and the forecasted low flow data.


Cecropins are potent basic antibacterial peptides that play a key role in insect immunity . Recently an antibacterial peptide with 33% homology to insect cecropins was isolated from extracts of the pig upper small intestine. It was postulated that production of this cecropin (named P1 for porcine) and other antibacterial peptides could contribute to regulation of the concentration of e.g. Escherichia coli in the upper part of the intestine. To further elucidate this hypothesis we have raised antibodies to cecropin P1 and localized cecropin P1-like immunoreactivity (LI) by immunohistochemistry


We study the problem of minimizing the (time) average security costs in large systems comprising many interdependent subsystems, where the state evolution is captured by a susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) model. The security costs reflect security investments, economic losses and recovery costs from infections and failures following successful attacks. We show that the resulting optimization problem is non-convex and propose two algorithms – one for solving a convex relaxation, and the other for finding a local minimizer, based on a reduced gradient method. Also, we provide a sufficient condition under which the convex relaxation is exact and its solution coincides with that of the original problem. Numerical results are provided to validate our analytical results and to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.


A useful and facile procedure for preparing 4,5-dihaloisothiazolidin-3-one 1-oxides is reported. Chlorination or bromination of various 4-isothiazolin-3-one 1-oxides yielded the title compounds.


OBJECTIVE To compare the homogeneous data of the two groups,and study the stability of evaluation made by acute physiology and chronic health evaluation(APACHE Ⅱ) score with nosocomial infection.METHODS Clinical data from 1897 patients in ICU during from 2007 to 2008 were evaluated with APACHEⅡ score system,and a forward survey of nosocomial infection was made,The above data were compared with 1007 ICU cases in our hospital during 2004 to 2005.RESULTS Along with the increase in APACHEⅡ score,nosocomial infection rate and mortality showed rising trend and they were with linear relation.When APACHEⅡ score was more than 15,the nosocomial infection rate and mortality showed significant increase.CONCLUSIONS APACHE Ⅱ score results and nosocomial infection have a strong correlativity on among the patients whose APACHEⅡ score is more than 15 and they are the key targets for prevention and control.APACHE Ⅱ score is a good forecast index.


Introduction: The change in the demographic profile in the world scenario, and the most recent form in Brazil, has among its manifestations, the increase in the number of the elderly population. This increase needs to be accompanied by improved and maintained health and quality of life. Aims: To evaluate the perception of quality of life of elderly people participants of the Social Centers of the city of Cuiaba, Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 317 elderly participants of the Senior Centers of the city of Cuiaba, conducted from July to December 2012. For data collection used a sociodemographic questionnaire and WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL OLD. They used the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: The sample was composed mostly of women, aged 60 to 69 years, illiterate, without a partner and with income less than or equal to one minimum wage. The domains with the lowest scores were environment and sensory functioning, while the highest domains were psychological and death and dying. Conclusion: In general, the elderly people had a good quality of life, revealing that the Senior Centers can be a promising alternative for improving the health conditions and quality of life of the elderly.


Objective To investigate undergraduates' study and living condition,and to provide evidence for directing employment and correcting employment mentality.Methods Sampling questionnaire survey was applied among 1 500 undergraduates in four colleges in Gansu.Results The influencing factors to undergraduates' employment mentality were confidence of employment,satisfaction about majors,satisfaction about academic achievement and the costs of living every month.Statistical significance was found among four colleges.Conclusion The management in university should focus on the factors for confidence in obtaining employment,stimulating interests in learning,adapting to the need of employment market and concerning the poverty graduates.


The objective of the Zambezi River Basin Development Project is to advance preparation of the Batoka Gorge Hy-dro-Electric Scheme and strengthen cooperative development within the Zambezi River Basin. The project is primarily supporting the engineering, environmental and social, legal and transaction advisory studies required for the development of the Batoka Gorge Hydropower project. The studies to date have been done professionally and to an acceptable standard. However, the process has been impacted by several technical, capacity and scope of works changes that have led to previous project extensions and the need for additional finance. This project restructuring will extend the project closing date by four months to support contract continuity and to enablethe Zambezi River Authority to explore additional financing options. The restructuring does not change the PDO, safeguard category, allocation of funds, or any implementation arrangements. Overall implementation and progress toward the development objective are both considered Moderately Satisfactory, as are financial management, procurement, and project management ratings. The project is compliant with safeguard requirements. The project restructuring extends the closing date to 31st December 2018. It also better aligns the results framework with current best practice. The restructuring does not change the PDO, safeguard category, allocation of funds, or any implementation arrangements.


Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease and leads to a smallpox-like disease in humans. The current epidemic in European countries requires informed responses. We investigated the ability to self-diagnose a potential monkeypox infection, and determinants of vaccination intention and self-isolation intention after exposure among MSM in the Netherlands. We found that about half were able to self-diagnose monkeypox, that 70% had a high intention to get vaccinated and 44% to self-isolate after monkeypox exposure. Determinants went beyond mere risk behaviour criteria.


Haridra (Curcuma Longa Linn.) is one of the patent drug of India and the most valuable drug which is used by the Indians in all the ways for the rituals (in marriages & poojas); for preparing food preparation and as usual as home remedy medicine since ancient days. Till today Haridra is considered to be the most important drug. The aim of this study is to collect and evaluate the information on Haridra an important valuable medicinal plant and is mentioned in different Ayurvedic treatises like Brihadtrayee, Lagutrayee, and Nigantus. It is a drug which is having high therapeutic value as the root is available both in dried and wet form and this is used in so many preparations and used as Ekamuliya Prayoga (single drug therapy) also and is having highly antimicrobial and anti-fungal and anti-bacterial activity.


Since trisomy 12 is the most common chromosome abnormality found in CLL and MDM2 has been mapped to this chromosome, we examined the possible association of MDM2 in the pathogenesis of CLL. A rearrangement of the MDM2 gene was observed in 4 of 11 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with CLL by Southern biot hybridization. Expression of MDM2 was detected in all of the CLL samples examined by Northern blot. However, neither gross amplification nor overexpression of the MDM2 gene was found in CLL. The data suggest that MDM2 may play a role in the pathogenesis of CLL and may help to explain how abnormalities of chromosome 12 are related to CLL. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Solar energy is the basic/primary source for all types of energy. It is first captured by plant kingdom and converted into chemical energy in the form of biomass which is further utilized for food, feed and other necessities of life by human and animals. Energy required in processing and utilization of biomass is commodity and product specific which depends on a number of post harvest operations and value addition activities involved. For cleaning and grading of 195 Mt of food grains, the estimated energy requirement is 50 M kWh. Similarly, for drying of food grains to reduce its moisture by 10% for safe storage and milling, the energy required is 70 kWh/to In parboiling of 50 Mt of paddy, the energy requirement is 350 M kWh. In vegetable oil industry for processing of 25 Mt of oilseeds, the energy requirement is 6250 M kWh. Milling of 50 Mt of wheat into whole wheat flour, the energy requirement is 3000 M kWh. Like wise, the total energy requirement is enormous. Assuming that, on an average, 150 kWh/t is required for processing and utilization of various food commodities of plant and animal origin, the estimated energy for 400 Mt of food commodities would be 60,000 M kWh. This paper gives some examples of energy used in cereals, pulses and oilseeds.


This paper reports the effects of annealing time and temperature on the thermodynamics of enthalpy relaxation of Se80−xTe20Agx (x = 3,9) glasses. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) method is optimized for the measurement of enthalpy relaxation in the vicinity of glass transition. The recovery of excess enthalpy (ΔHexcess) has been calculated from the knowledge of excess specific heat (ΔCp). It is found that excess enthalpy released (ΔHexcess) increase with increase in annealing time (ta). From the knowledge of excess specific heat (ΔCp) and ΔHexcess, it has been found that sub‐Tg annealing of glass leads to decrease in enthalpy of the system and thereby taking it to the more equilibrium state.


The disinfection is an important epidemic prevention tache. Especially, more bacteria and viruses propagate in hot summer, so the importance should be attached to the disinfection of breeding farms. The influencing factors of the disinfection effects were the selection, usage methods of disinfectants and the interval time of disinfection, etc. Some common unreasonable and nonstandard drug-use phenomena in the disinfection process of breeding farms in hot season were introduced. And some reasonable drug-use methods were proposed, in order to guide the reasonable use of disinfectants in the production process in the breeding farms, do good common disinfection jobs and provide basis for the production in breeding farms.


The development and control of prosthetic hands is an active research area and recently progress in mechatronics, sensor integration and innovative control has been made. However, integration of different components into a prosthetic hand remains challenging due to space constraints, the requirements regarding holistic integration and the need for a user interface. In this paper, we present the KIT prosthetic hand, a novel five-finger 3D printed hand prosthesis, with its underactuated mechanism, sensors and embedded control system. The hand mechanics is based on the underactuated TUAT/Karlsruhe mechanism with two motors actuating 10 degrees of freedom. The mechanism has been realized in 3D printing technologies to facilitate a personalization of the prosthetic hand in terms of size and kinematic parameters. The prosthesis has been designed as a 50th percentile male hand. It integrates an advanced embedded system as well as an RGB camera in the base of the palm and a colour display in the back of the hand. Experiments indicate a finger tip force of 7.48 N to 11.82 N, a hook grasp force of 120 N and a hand closing time of ∼ 1.3 s.


PURPOSE: To prevent the occurrence of differences of printed colors regardless of the variance in characteristics of rolls for printer in a system where a proof is obtained by a printer other than a press. CONSTITUTION: A first look-up table is prepared which shows the spectral relation of spectroscopic characteristics between a print on an arbitrary roll and a print on a standard roll, and this table is compared with a second look-up table which shows the spectral relation between the spectroscopic characteristics of a print on the standard roll and a print on a press. The first look-up table is so changed that the print on an arbitrary roll matches closer to the print on the press, thereby generating a third look-up table. And the third look-up table is used to print an image approximating a print image on an arbitrary roll.


Studies on nitrogen (N) levels in soil were conducted from 1997 to 2000 in a long-term tillage and crop rotation trial, which started in 1976. Three tillage methods namely conventional tillage (CT), tine tillage (TT), and notillage (NT) were compared. Crop rotation systems used were continuous wheat (WW) and wheat/lupin/wheat/canola (WLWC). Three rates of N-fertilisers (60, 100 and 140 kg N ha−1) were applied. All treatments received 60 kg N ha−1 at planting, while the 100 and 140 kg N ha−1 treatments received additional top-dressings of 40 kg N ha−1 at tillering and stem elongation stages respectively. Soil samplings were done at 14-day intervals, starting immediately before planting and continued till harvesting each year. Samplings at planting were done before N-fertiliser was applied and therefore regarded as pre-planting (Pp). The effect of tillage methods on mineral-N was variable and inconsistent among the soil samplings and years. During the four-year-period of this study, higher values of total mineral-N were found with conventional tillage at the pre-planting (Pp) samplings. Crop rotation did not significantly influence total mineral-N, which may be explained by the cultivation of a legume crop (lupins) once every four years only. In general the application of N-fertiliser resulted as expected in an initial increase in the mineral-N content of the soil. However, this was soon followed by a rapid decline as crops start to utilise the added nitrogen, resulting in values of less than 10 mg kg−1 soil during the grain filling stages with application rates of 60 and 100 kg N ha−1. These values may be regarded as deficient for grain yields of 4000 to 5000 kg ha−1.


In this article, crop's weather-related disaster risk would be recognized and assessed on the basis of time-serial yield data and time-serial weather data, using maize in Xiao County and rice in Lai'an County, that are located in Anhui Province, as a case study. In general, a weather-related disaster is an extreme weather event. More specifically, it is an anomalous weather event. As a consequence, crop yields are expected to appear anomalous too when anomalous weather events appear. According to such a rule, the best relationship between anomalies of crop yield and meteorological variables was figured out through optimal matching. The weather disasters were further ranked according to their contributions to the yield loss risk, and the yield loss risk-related caused by any a weather-related disaster can be assessed by simulation. Such above technologies would play an important role in crop's weather disaster-related risk management, and even support the design of crop's weather-based index insurance.


This research aimed to find out the improvement of historical understanding through applying the integrated social interaction learning model with modified behavior for the students of SMA Negeri 1 Kartasura of Sukoharjo Regency. This study was a classroom action research using experimental approach. The subject of research was students and History teacher in SMA Negeri 1 Kartasura, and the object was Historical Understanding and integrated Social Interaction learning model with modified behavior. The methods of collecting data were: observation, interview, test, and documentation. Technique of analyzing data used was statistic technique to find out the mean score of historical understanding before and after action. In addition, nonstatistic technique as used to find out the improvement of students' activity before and after applying the integrated social interaction learning with modified behavior. The result of research showed that considering the reality existing, the mean score of historical understanding of the 10th graders of SMA Negeri 1 Kartasura was 6.7 in prior condition, in which only 12 out of 30 students met the minimum passing criteria (KKM), and after the action was taken in the first cycle, this figure increased significantly to 7.8 with 28 students meeting the KKM. The students' activity in prior condition before the application of integrated social interaction learning model with modified behavior could be described as follows: the students were passive, did not focus and would be bored quickly, were not motivated to ask question, understood difficultly the teaching material the teachers convey, had low absorbability, and after the application of integrated social interaction learning model with modified behavior, there would be some significant changes in the students' activity: the students attended the lesson actively by means of responding to the learning process in the form of questioning and responding to the teaching material conveyed by the teacher, the students understood more easily the teaching material delivered by the teachers, and have high absorbability. The conclusion was that the application of integrated social interaction learning model with modified behavior could improve the historical understanding on the students of SMA Negeri 1 Kartasura of Sukoharjo Regency.


Compare three kinds of heating equipments. In the application of fan coil unit to heating system, easy control, energy saving and comfort are acheved. And put forward impovement to the traditional fan coil unit.


One hundred and four patients(M 45, F 59; age 44 ± 10 a)with extrasystole were assigned to receive potassium magnesium aspartate alone oral solution 10 mL, tid, for 4 wk, or combined with propafenone 100 mg, tid, for 4 wk when no antiarrhythmic effect was revealed with propafenone only. The total response rate on clinical manifestation and reduction of extrasystole by 24 h Holler monitoring was 91.3% and 82%, respectively. In another 62 patients(M 43, F 19; age 54 ?16 a) suffering from congestive heart failure with arrhythmias, 32 patients were treated with potassium magnesium aspartate 10 mL po; 10 patients were treated with potassium chloride, 10 mL, tid, for 2 wk; and 20 patients were treated with potassium magnesium aspartate injection 20 mL in glucose 250 mL, iv, qd, for 2 wk. The total response rates of clinical manifestation were 88%, 70%, and 95%, respectively, while the total response rates on the reduction of extrasystole were 91%, 50%, and 100%, respectivly, in these groups. It is suggested that potassium magnesium aspartate is effective for the treatment of extrasystole and congestive heart failure with arrhythmias when conventional therapy was given together.


This paper reviews some relevant literature about improving the abilities of learning and memory through exercise training and discusses its molecule mechanism as well as its working theory.The result shows that eligible exercise may decelerate the age-related decline of membrane protein SypⅠ,delay the aging of NMDA receptor channel,up-regulate the expression of hippocampal BDNF mRNA and raise cAMP contents in hippocampus,which promotes the phosphorylation of transcription factor CREB and the synthesis of new protein for long-term memory.All these influences alter the structures and functions of synapses and enhance the efficacy of LTP in hippocampus,thus improving the abilities of learning and memory.


In this paper conventional symbol-aided estimation methods are extended to use not only the known pilot symbols but also previously estimated fading values to extract information of fading channels. The proposed estimation method is evaluated using theoretical analysis. Closed-form formulae are derived for calculating the mean square estimation errors, which are then used to calculate the BER performance of a BPSK system employing the proposed estimation method. The results show a strong BER performance in the region of high signal to noise ratio under fast fading of the proposed system compared to that of the conventional system. Moreover, the proposed system still sustains its performance under mismatched conditions, where the conventional system degrades exhibiting error floors. Finally the theoretical results are verified by using computer simulations.


The career of John Claudius Loudon (1783–1843) is worth exploring as a sequel to John Dixon Hunt's review of early landscape architects who were not 'landscape architects'. Loudon is a pivotal figure, especially in the light of what my forthcoming book A Natural History of English Gardening reveals about amateurs, including women, and the professionalization of the field. In short, Loudon is at once terminus and departure point. Nomenclature and identity are worth exploring afresh too. What I discovered in The Flowering of the Landscape Gardening — how the term 'Picturesque' obscured our ability to read the artifice of English planting in the age of Kent and Brown — is expanded in my new book, which tackles the divide between all that is conventional 'landscape history' and that which the history of natural history usually covers. Separate fields today obscure what was a unified identity back then. While Olmsted was right to see the synthetic art of landscape architecture potentially pulled asunder by specializations or scientific disciplines, he was also right to be wary of nomenclature. Some years after their use of the title 'Landscape Architects', Olmsted was still conducting an argument with Vaux over the appropriate name for the profession:


In this article,we put forward active network security management approach based on Network Behavior Monitoring,and analysis specifically the processes and the technical means of Network Behavior Monitoring. The methods of Network behavior analysis is proposed by using knowledge discovery(KDD) and choose to use the decision tree algorithm. Moreover,the problem,namely,how to use the decision tree algorithm extracted from the database of network behavior for network management mode,is proposed.


Abstract Maternal seed lines from 31 elite plants of Lupinus polyphyllus were selected in 3 breeding cycles over 8 years from 46 accessions for growth, stock acceptability under grazing, and persistence under low fertility conditions in New Zealand. Most elite plants derived from an accession from Germany rather than from horticultural hybrid accessions.


In one embodiment, the processor, the system software has a microcode storage unit including a processor instructions for generating and executing a hidden resource manager (HRM) for performing the execution in invisible hidden environment. The processor may further have an expanded register for storing security information including the validation status of at least one measurement and at least one kernel code modules kernel code module hidden environment. .FIELD 1


We propose a giant magnetoresistive sensor which utilizes the shifting of oscillatory domain walls to detect the external field along the easy axis. For this type of sensor the domains in the soft magnetic free layer play an import role and the sensor output is mainly determined by the domain-wall displacement. Domain structures in various micro-fabricated soft magnetic patterns have been investigated and two typical free-layer materials were selected to fabricate the sensor devices. The domain-wall displacing (DWD) type sensor with a 10 nm Ni80Fe20 free layer shows a higher field sensitivity than that with CoFeB, however the sensor output becomes saturated when the external field (Hex) > 0.4 Oe. For the sensor which has a 10 nm (Co90Fe10)92B8 free layer, the sensor output is linear even as Hex increases to 2.6 Oe. In addition, the sensors were operated under the magnetization rotation mode to compare the sensor outputs with the DWD mode. When the sensors were operated under the DWD mode a field sensitivi...


This thesis includes three aspects: discuss the necessity of improving English level, analyze the present situation of students' level, propose some methods to improve English level. Its aim is to encourage college students to improve their English level as possible as they can for the purpose of social development.


Background: It is generally perceived that sample sizes of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have increased over the years, particularly in specialties such as cardiology, with a robust evidence base. The aim of this study was to analyze temporal trends in sample sizes of RCTs in cardiology journals compared to other specialties. Methods: Abstracts of RCTs involving humans from PubMed for 1970-2013 were analyzed using a digital search algorithm. Sample sizes of studies were extracted from each abstract. Date of publication and journal name were collected. Journals from several medical subspecialties were selected for comparison, using the journal impact factor as a measure of clinical relevance. Sample sizes of studies in 1990 were compared to 2010 for each of the journals using the Mann-Whitney U test. Graphical comparisons of sample size trends are presented. Results: 272,054 abstracts of human RCTs were identified. Median sample sizes for the years 1990 and 2010 is shown in table 1. The median sample s...


Ion dynamics in the edge region of magnetized plasmas have been studied by comparing experimentally obtained radial profiles of ion temperature with analytical ion mean energy profiles based on the ion Larmor motion. Both radial profiles show the tendency that ion temperature increase at the outside of the plasma column with increasing the radial distance from the plasma center. Two-dimensional model considering the radial profile of magnetized plasma indicates the importance of high-energy ions which have large Larmor radius.


Peptibodies lyophilized composition comprising a buffer, a bulking agent, a stabilizing agent and a surfactant; wherein said tampon is comprised of a pH buffering agent, wherein: a) said pH buffering agent is histidine 10 mM and the pH is 5.0; said bulking agent is mannitol 4% w / v; said stabilizing agent is sucrose 2% w / v; and said surfactant is polysorbate 20 0.004% w / v; or b) said pH buffering agent is histidine 10 mM and the pH is 7.0; said bulking agent is mannitol 4% w / v; said stabilizing agent is sucrose 2% w / v; and said surfactant is polysorbate 20 0.01% w / v; or c) said pH buffering agent is histidine 10 mM and the pH is 5.0; said bulking agent is mannitol 2.5% w / v; and said stabilizing agent is sucrose 3.5% w / v; d) said pH buffering agent is histidine 10 mM and the pH is 4.5; said bulking agent is mannitol 4% w / v; said stabilizing agent is sucrose 2% w / v; and said surfactant is polysorbate 20 0.004% w / v; or e) said pH buffering agent is histidine 20 mM and the pH is 5.0; said bulking agent is mannitol 4.0% w / v; and said stabilizing agent is sucrose 2.0% w / v; and wherein said peptibody comprises an exposed in formula I structure, Formula I: [(X1) a-F1- (X2) b] - (L1) c-Wspd wherein: F1 is an Fc domain; X1 is selected from: P1- (L2) e- P2- (L3) f p1 (L2) e- P3- (L4) g-P2- (L3) f p1 (L230) e- and P4- (L5) h-P3- (L4) g-P2- (L3) f-P1- (L2) and; X2 is selected from: - (L2) e-P1, - (L2) e-P1- (L3) f-P2, - (L2) e-P1- (L3) f-P2- (L4) g-P3, and - (L2) e-P1- (L3) f-P2- (L4) g-P3- (L5) h-P4; wherein P1, P2, P3 and P4 are each independently sequences of pharmacologically active peptides; L1, L2, L3, L4 and L5 are each independently linking groups; a, b, c, e, f, g and h are each independently 0 or 1, with the proviso that at least one of a and b is 1; d is 0, 1 or greater than 1; and WSP is a water-soluble polymer, whose union is performed on any reactive moiety in F1.


This proceedings, "Water Resources and the Urban Environment-98", contains papers presented at the 1998 National Conference on Environmental Engineering of the ASCE's Environmental Engineering Division held in Chicago, Illinois, June 7-10, 1998. This was part of a joint conference held with the ASCE Water Resource Planning and Management Division. The focus of the conference was on the planning, development, and operation of engineered projects involving use of water resources in the urban setting. Papers presented covered a wide range of topics including: drinking water and wastewater treatment and conveyance; water reuse; biosolids; GIS information systems; site remediation; groundwater remediation; air pollution; small urban watersheds; decentralized alternative wastewater management systems; and general environmental issues.


A detection method was proposed to analyze the malicious behavior on Android,that combines hidden-Markov model( HMM) with support vector machine( SVM) for modeling as well as construct model for behaviors like networking and data accessing. This model takes advantage of both HMM and SVM and overcomes the shortcomings inside,and it is suitable for classification using dynamic behavior sequences. Experiments show that this method can capture the abnormal behaviors with high accuracy rate and lower false positive rate.


Aim: to study ophthalmological clinical functional parameters in patients with hypertension and coronary heart disease (CHD) with coronary artery stenosis. Patients and Methods: 30 patients (58 eyes) with hypertension and CHD with coronary artery stenosis (group A) and 30 healthy controls (60 eyes, group B) were examined. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), macular sensitivity (MS) assessed by MAIA microperimetry, central macular thickness (CMT), foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, vessel density of superficial capillary plexus (SCP VD) and deep capillary plexus (DCP VD) and choriocapillaris measured by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) were evaluated. Results: FAZ area was 0.42±0.03 mm2 in group A and 0.28±0.03 mm2 in group B (p<0.05). SCP VD was 11.4±3.1% in group A and 25.4±2.5% in group B (p<0.05). DCP VD was 22.3±1.1% in group A and 39.2±3.5% in group B (p<0.05). Choriocapillaris VD was 51.2±1.1% in group A and 63.1±1.2% in group B (p<0.05). Correlations between ocular parameters and ejection fraction (EF) were revealed (BCVA: r=0.61, p<0.05; MS: r=0.68, p<0.05; CMT: r=-0.72, p<0.05; FAZ: r=-0.73, p<0.05; SCP VD: r=0.82, p<0.05; DCP VD: r=0.81, p<0.05; choriocapillaris VD: r=0.76, p<0.05). Conclusions: in patients with hypertension and CHD with coronary artery stenosis, significant (p<0.05) reduction in BCVA, MS, SCP VD, DCP VD, and choriocapillaris VD and increase in CMT and FAZ area were detected compared to healthy individuals. Additionally, strong correlations between ocular parameters (FAZ, SCP VD, DCP VD, and choriocapillaris VD) and EF (p<0.05) were identified. OCTA may be recommended to monitor fundus vessels in hypertension and CHD as an effective noninvasive valuable diagnostic tool to verify hypertension and CHD. Keywords: hypertension, coronary heart disease, coronary artery stenosis, hypertensive retinopathy, foveal avascular zone, vessel density, optical coherence tomography angiography. For citation: Moshetova L.K., Vorobyeva I.V., Dgebuadze A. et al. Ophthalmological monitoring in patients with hypertension and coronary heart disease. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2021;21(2):51–57. DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-2-51-57.


almost completely sceptical about their economic arguments, yet he feels that, in view of popular discontent in Scotland, some move in the direction of federalism is likely. The Scottish referendum vote should remind us that in politics nothing is inevitable. In Canada, which is much further down the road to political fragmentation than Britain is ever likely to be, the Scottish experience should remind both sides in the Quebec referendum that the strategic battle is crucial and is still to be won.


Summary and Conclusions An unsuccessful attempt was made to induce malignant tumors by methylcholanthrene in the cervices and vaginas of rabbits and dogs. The vaginas of rabbits were exposed to the carcinogen for as long as 76 weeks. The uterine cervices of the dogs were exposed to the same substance for as long as 190 weeks. Apparently, the genital tracts of these animals are very resistant to methylcholanthrene. Since no tumors were produced, it was impossible to study the histogenetic evolution of artificially produced tumors.


Abstract
 Livestock classification and grading systems are a key tool to evaluate carcass attributes and form the basis of trade amongst producers, packers and retailers. Also, these systems provide a better understanding of the products and market trends. One of the recurrent challenges in carcass classification and grading is the development of objective assessments for traits of economic value. Latest technology developments have improved the precision and accuracy of estimating carcass yields and predicting quality attributes and have the potential to be implemented as real-time management tools to optimize product fabrication and provide feedback to producers. This review outlines some of the most popular technologies available for classification and grading purposes in livestock, including those intended for carcass composition assessments, such as ultrasound, bioelectrical impedance analysis, optical probes, video image analysis, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography, and those for quality attributes evaluations, such as near infrared reflectance, hyperspectral imaging and Raman spectroscopy. The present review will also provide an overview of the recent research studies in the literature using these new technologies for carcass merit and quality assessments. Most of the technologies available are based on electromagnetic or mechanical energies that interact with the tissues at the atomic or molecular level, resulting in attenuated signals that can be detected and analysed quantitatively. Accuracy and repeatability along with cost, practicality and reliability will be important criteria in the successful uptake of these new technologies by the livestock industry. The complexity of the evaluations to place products in an optimum market pathway will eventually result in the deployment of a combination of technologies, working together to provide integral carcass attribute descriptions. Published reports and patents were also considered in the review process.


2-D animation is the longest-established and most wide-spread animation tradition encompassing the one-man band type operation as well as the huge studios producing feature films such as "Rugrats". As each of the 15 animators in this volume reveal, techniques vary as much as style - Polish animator Plotr Dumala creates film from scratching on plaster, Michel Ocelot uses cut-out animation and Alexandr Petrov paints on glass. The book also features animators who use traditional cel animation and those who exploit the possibilities offered by new technology. This highly-illustrated work devotes one chapter to each animator who will discuss in-depth three commercial projects and one personal project.


The article deals with the phenomenon of borderline/margin in the famous novel written by G. D. Roberts. The study showed that the phenomenon of borderline/margin is represented in this text in different ways. Important roles are played by the real geographical borders of different countries, where the main character travels (such as India, Australia, Pakistan, Afghanistan, etc), territorial margins within India itself (states of India, the space of the city vs the space of the village), and territorial margins within the city of Bombay (city districts, the margins of the tourist locations, forbidden territories (slave market, lepers' camp, slums), the margins of criminal influence). Quite often languages (English, French, German, Arabic, Marathi, and Hindi) become an effective means of crossing the  borderlines between territories. Moreover, the phenomenon of borderline/margin in the novel is analyzed on the  cultural, psychological, and social level. The limits of physical abilities and the cross line between the reality and the dream as well as their representations are also important for the proper understanding of the text. Extra attention is given to the moral borderlines and to the problems connected with their change and crossing. On the linguistic level, the importance of the phenomenon of borderline/margin is stressed by the intensive use of words and set expressions associated with it such as border/line/side/edge/wall/margin.


Justice is the quality of being fair or just. This is not an exhaustive definition of justice. Different philosophers have defined justice in different ways. Justice is a concept that provides balance between law and morality. Rawls proposition for law and justice has been accepted by world judicial fraternity as a landmark vision to understand the system. Similarly it has earned a good amount of criticism which shows the basic strength of the thought. As such: Rawls theories of Justice has to be checked and rechecked not because it is best but because it will provide us a starting point to understand this whole world of law and justice. In this paper an attempt has been made to understand and analyze Rawls theory of justice. This work has been done to distinguish the concept of justice as propounded by utilitarian's (Aristotle and Benthem) vis-a-vis Rawls. Finally an analysis is done to examine how well the concept of justice given by Rawls is relevant in India, a multilayered pluralistic society.


Copyright © 2012 Kamarulzaman Ab Aziz, Hezlin Harris and Nor Azlina Ab. Aziz. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License unported 3.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that original work is properly cited. Contact author: Kamarulzaman Ab Aziz E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Intellectual Property Valuation Decision Support System for University Research Output: A Conceptual Model


The relations among relative structure factors were studied through grey incidence analysis within agricultural ecological system in the hilly areas of northern Fujian.The gross income of industry and agriculture was mainly affected by the development of agriculture in the village.The agricultural income arose from such four industries as cultivation, breeding industry, forestrypomiculture and fishery,whose incidence was 0.8575,0.9277,0.9252 and 0.9128 respectively. Five elements which had utmost influence on the total yield of crops were labour, irrigation area, cropping field, input of inorganic and organic fertilizer. The production structure should be further reasonably adjusted in order to fully exert the advantages of ecological agriculture in hilly areas.


Thinning has an important role in silviculture practice for quality and thick stem production. But, epicormic branches decrease the value of the trunk or timber as a result of thinning, especially in broadleaved species. In this study, the effect of thinning intensity and crown class on epicormic branching were investigated in narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia) plantation, Adapazari-Turkey. The plantation was 36 years old established at 3x2 m initial spacing (1666 trees/ha). Prior the thinning mean stand diameter, top height, basal area and stem number were 31 cm, 34 m and 32 m2/ha and 416 stem/ha, respectively. Thinning intensities were removal of basal area 0% (control), 22% (moderate) and 38% (heavy). Results showed that; thinning intensity, crown class (dominant and co-dominant trees) and thinning intensity x crown class interaction had no significant effect on epicormic branching after four years of growth. Very few (<1 number per stem) new epicormic branch were formed on stems of dominant and co-dominant trees represent final crop. Consequently, narrow leaved ash has very low epicormic branching risk in reaction to thinning and this can be an advantage for species in producing thick and valuable stems.


The present invention generally relates to anti-stick coatings 9 for cooking utensils, which exhibit improved properties of hydrophobicitv and resistance to high temperature. The ydrop present invention also relates to a culinary article comprising a Support coated in said coating, and a process for applying on


If it is possible to estimate fingertip force, you will know the proper fingertip force, such as a cooking, massage, or pet handling expert. Our goal is to establish a method for estimating the force applied to fingertips from muscle deformation sensors attached with a forearm. In previous studies, machine learning-based methods were developed with muscle deformation information for estimating fingertip force. However, the condition of the muscles is changed in several hours, and thus the laborious calibration was required to be performed many times. In addition, since the system was calibrated with only one pressure sensor, it could not handle various pressure applications with multiple fingers, resulting in low accuracy. In this study, we present an estimation method: PondusHand, that automatically calibrates the force of multiple fingertips when pushing the mobile phone panel in various styles each time. In the experiment, it was confirmed that our method could estimate the fingertip force with twice the accuracy of the existing method (error 0. 7N, n=6). In future, our system will be applied to various fingertip force quantifiers, such as pottery, musical performances, cooking, and palpation. Fingertip force estimation, Muscle Deformation, Touch Screen


Although people frequently seek mentoring or advice for their career, most mentoring is performed in person. Little research has examined the nature and quality of career mentoring online. To address this gap, we study how people use online Q&A forums for career advice. We develop a taxonomy of career advice requests based on a qualitative analysis of posts in a career-related online forum, identifying three key types: best practices, career threats, and time-sensitive requests. Our quantitative analysis of responses shows that both requesters and external viewers value general information, encouragement, and guidance, but not role modeling. We found no relation between the type of requests and features of responses, nor differences in responses valued by requesters versus external viewers. We present design recommendations for supporting online career advice exchange.


In this work we demonstrate the usefulness of the application of Recommender Systems in the financial domain. Specifically we investigate a dataset, made available by a major European bank, containing the purchases of a large set of investment assets by 200k investors. We also present some preliminary results of the application of network analysis via statistical validation to identify clusters of investment assets.


This paper proposes a cascading failure simulation (CFS) method and a hybrid machine learning method for vulnerability analysis of integrated power-gas systems (IPGSs). The CFS method is designed to study the propagating process of cascading failures between the two systems, generating data for machine learning with initial states randomly sampled. The proposed method considers generator and gas well ramping, transmission line and gas pipeline tripping, island issue handling and load shedding strategies. Then, a hybrid machine learning model with a combined random forest (RF) classification and regression algorithms is proposed to investigate the impact of random initial states on the vulnerability metrics of IPGSs. Extensive case studies are carried out on three test IPGSs to verify the proposed models and algorithms. Simulation results show that the proposed models and algorithms can achieve high accuracy for the vulnerability analysis of IPGSs.


The aim of this concept paper is to present some of the existing knowledge on the impact of population growth, economic growth, energy intensity growth and urbanization growth on environmental degradation. The paper will emphasise the important concept regarding the sustainable development and identify simultaneously the effect of population growth, urbanization, energy consumption and environmental degradation on the sustainable economic growth as well. To ensure the sustainable development of the economy environmental degradation should not increase with time but be reduced or at least remain constant. If it increases, we will move further away for sustainability, while if it decreases, we will move closer towards it. This paper is meant to support and stimulate the objective of achieving sustainable development which allow higher standard of living through changing of the nation's pattern lifestyle towards the energy efficiency consumption and production.


It is an old notion that educational field is the space and place for education,but up till now people do not agree on its recognition. According to referencebooks, it is the existent form of educational resources and the psychological state and ideology of its projection on the educational subject, combined by allsorts of educational resources in the interaction of dynamic energy, informationor materialized state and ways and of unity of time and space.


Type of funding sources: None.

 Females have greater reduction in mortality compared to males, following completion of a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program, yet they continue to have lower referral rates and program completion. Since 1996, a local rehabilitation program has been the main provider of CR in our health zone. A standardized rapid referral program was implemented in 2008 to improve referral rates of hospitalized patients. Since then, the relationship between sex and CR completion is unknown.

 To evaluate the relationship between sex and CR completion and to evaluate the association between CR completion and clinical outcomes, stratified by sex.

 1) were hospitalized for an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or stable angina between 2008 and 2016; 2) had angiographic evidence of at least one-vessel coronary disease; and 3) had revascularization with percutaneous intervention, coronary artery bypass or medical management. The outcomes of interest were CR completion, anxiety and depression categories, exercise capacity, death, and need for revascularization. Logistics regression models were used to determine the association between sex and CR completion. The association between sex, CR completion, and the outcomes of interest were assessed using multivariable cox proportional hazards models.

 A total of 726 females and 2645 males were included in this study. The rate of CR completion was lower in females compared to males (64.6% vs 69.98%, p = 0.006). Following adjustment for baseline characteristics, female sex independently predicted lower rates of CR completion, OR 0.81 (95%CI 0.67-0.97).
 Both sexes displayed improvements in peak metabolic equivalents (METs) achieved during exercise testing (W: initial 5.99 ± 1.93; 12-week 7.22 ± 1.92; M: initial 7.62 ± 2.04; 12-week 8.81 ± 1.93, p = 0.001). Amongst CR completers, one-year mortality was similar between sex (W: 1.84% vs M: 3.27%, p = 0.118), as was revascularization (W: 14.29% vs M: 11.97%, p = 0.193), however both sexes had higher one-year mortality in CR non-completers.

 Despite a standardized CR referral protocol, a sex-difference in CR completion remains. In CR completers, one-year mortality and revascularization was similar in both sexes, however mortality was higher in CR non-completers. Our study suggests that addressing the causes of female CR non-completion following ACS or stable angina may improve outcomes.
 Outcomes by CR Completion and Sex All NC (n = 1051) W-NC (n = 257) M-NC (n = 794) p-value All C (n = 2320) W-C (n = 469) M-C (n = 1851) p-value Revascularization-1 year (%) 146 (14.94) 28 (11.72) 118 (15.59) 0.107 267 (12.44) 62 (14.29) 205 (11.97) 0.193 Death-1 year (%) 67 (6.86) 19 (7.95) 48 (6.50) 0.442 64 (2.98) 8 (1.84) 56 (3.27) 0.118 W = Women;M = Men;NC = Non-Completers;C = Completers


The author and journal retract the article (The Temporal-Spatial Distribution and Information-Diffusion-Based Risk Assessment of Forest Fires in China) [...]


Coastal Bangladesh is one of the hotspots of tropical cyclone's landfall in South Asia. A spatial vulnerability assessment is required to formulate disaster risk reduction strategies. This study de...


Scientific studies on nailed joints have opened up new vistas for the wise and economic use of shorter lengths of planks/scantlings of secondary species in timber structures. As a pre-requisite to design, the lateral resistance to which nails are subjected by wood in structures has to be determined through laboratory tests. In this paper permissible nail-bearing strength in atleast 39 species for varied possible parameters are given along with their scope and application limitations.


We represent the reionization history of the universe as a free function in redshift and study the potential for its extraction from CMB polarization spectra. From a principal component analysis, we show that the ionization history information is contained in 5 modes, resembling low-order Fourier modes in redshift space. The amplitude of these modes represent a compact description of the observable properties of reionization in the CMB, easily predicted given a model for the ionization fraction. Measurement of these modes can ultimately constrain the total optical depth, or equivalently the initial amplitude of fluctuations to the 1% level regardless of the true model for reionization.


Stress relaxation in polycrystalline layers can be explained by processes, in which the microstructure plays a dominant role. The microstructure itself may also be subjected to changes. With X-ray diffraction information about both the stress and the microstructure can be obtained without destroying the specimen and without disturbing the stress relaxation process. In this paper a model system is studied: Au on Si . The specimens showed a simultaneous decrease of macrostress and dislocation density with time at room temperature. This could be interpreted on the basis of a model founded on thermally activated dislocation motion. It followed that the grain size is an important parameter for the change of the dislocation density.


The transport mechanisms in tokamak plasmas are still not fully understood. The experimentally observed high transport levels might be explained by plasma turbulence (electrostatic or magnetic). ECE correlation measurements can give experimental access to plasma turbulence by measuring the fluctuations in the electron temperature. Recently a new ECE-Imaging (ECEI) system has been installed at TEXTOR. It measures the temperature in a two-dimensional array of sampling volumes. The array is 16 channels vertically by 8 channels horizontally with an inter-channel spacing of about 1 cm. This system will be ideal to study temperature fluctuations by means of correlation measurements. Introduction


We have demonstrated a characterization tool based on confocal Raman microscopy capable of studying the vibrational spectrum of silica-on-silicon-based thin films within a confined, ∼1 μm3-size volume beneath the sample surface. The Raman spectra of a set of phosphosilicate thin film samples have been quantitatively analyzed and correlated with both phosphorus concentration CP and refractive index n, as determined by conventional methods. The normalized intensity of the P=O vibration scaled linearly with CP and n, and allowed for the calibration of the Raman measurements to a precision of ∼0.2 wt. %P and ∼10−4 in index. The capability of this technique for studying index and dopant profiles in arbitrary systems is also discussed.


The management of particulate matters (PM) concentration is very important in managing indoor air quality of subway stations. In this study, the effect of track type and nearby road traffic was investigated. PM concentration of subway stations with concrete only track was lower than that of stations with some ballast track. Among the subway stations with ballast track, PM concentration was higher at the stations with smaller portion of ballast track. PM concentration of outdoor air was proportional to the amount of road traffic. However, any direct relationships between traffic and PM concentration of subway stations was not observed.


Cave storage is the specific technology of Gui liquor. Utilizing the specific condition of constant temperature and humidity in the cave, the chemical reaction equilibrium tends to form the high boiling point substances and to reduce the hydrolysis as well as to promote the esterification during the aging of liquor. In the meantime, the quality of the liquor may be improved through the harmonization of the micro components due to the unique structure of clay pot and the reduction of low boiling point and water soluble substance loss.


The paper presents an empirical analysis of the trademark registration practices of 40 standards setting organizations. Key observations and conclusions include: (a) every organization had submitted a registration application with the USPTO, and all but four had active registered marks, suggesting that trademarks play an important role for SSOs; (b) nearly all SSOs appear to be emphasizing their organization name as a de facto "house mark" (although none appear to formally apply for "house mark" status with the USPTO); (c) classes 9, 35 and 42 appear to be particularly important for SSOs – and the dominance of class 9 suggests that software is playing a key role in standardization; (d) despite frequently engaging in "certification," SSOs infrequently rely on certification marks; (e) SSOs appear to make little use of collective membership marks; and (e) SSOs display a striking diversity of approaches to trademark registration.


Severe haemophilia is a chronically disabling and painful condition but treatment may modify progression of the disease and consequently health-related quality-of-life (HR-QoL). In order to assess HR-QoL in patients with severe haemophilia A and B, 99 patients received MOS Short Form 36 (SF-36) and EuroQol (EQ-5D) questionnaires. The relationships between responses from both questionnaires, HIV status, age, orthopaedic history and the number of bleeds patients had experienced in the previous year were examined. Scores from both questionnaires were also compared to appropriate UK normative data. The final analysis was based on 70 and 71 SF-36 and Euroqol questionnaires, respectively. Age aside, none of the clinical variables were found to be statistically significant predictors of health-related quality-of-life (HR-QoL). However, results from both questionnaires clearly showed that compared to the general population these patients with severe haemophilia are experiencing significantly lower levels of HR-Qo...


Invented in 1800s, electric vehicles (EVs) face significant barriers in America car industry, which is still overwhelmingly gasoline-dominated. In this study, we investigate the causes of the stagnation of EV acceptance in America through social and cultural lenses and identify the major barriers in American society: consumers' reluctance of adopting new technologies, resistance to innovation and their misperceptions on EV's technical challenges, reliability, and environmental impact. To facilitate greater acceptance of EV in American society, we propose strategies to overcome these social and cultural barriers, including consumer education, infrastructure improvement and tax incentives.


Abstract Echinoderms are osmoconformer organisms and are expected to be very sensitive to brine discharges. The objective of this study is to examine the use of echinoderms as early warning indicators of the impact of brine discharges and its application in the management of desalination discharges. We sampled using visual census along transect lines, for nine consecutive years and in three different stations, i.e. before the seawater reverse osmosis desalination plant began operating and thereafter. One year after the plant operation, echinoderms disappeared from the localities affected by the desalination brine. When the desalination brine was diluted with seawater prior to discharge, it was observed a recovery of echinoderm densities in these localities. Therefore, echinoderm populations may be used as early indicators to monitor impacts associated with a desalination brine discharge, but also to detect a possible recovery of a previously impacted area when additional mitigation measures to reduce the ...


High operating voltage in a blue‐green laser diode was explained quantitatively by the tunneling process through the barrier at a metal/p‐ZnSe interface. The barrier height at the metal/p‐ZnSe interface was evaluated considering the tunneling and thermionic emission processes in the realistic diode structure.


In order to use proper control strategies that correspond to the traffic flow levels,a signal timing optimization method for isolated intersection was proposed.In this method,different signal control objectives were chosen in different traffic levels.Based on occupancy rate and flow rate of the intersection,traffic status was divided into four levels:free,smooth,busy and congested.According to different traffic flow characteristics in different levels,different control strategies and objectives were chosen and the objective functions were determined for timing optimization.The model uses relative indexes and has three objectives:average stop delay,average stops and capacity,which can meet the tuming requirements of different traffic levels by adjusting the weight coefficients.Finally,an isolated intersection in Shenzhen city was selected for calculation and simulation.The results indicate that the proposed method is more effective than the original timing method in respect of the objective functions in all four traffic statuses.


The smell of formaldehyde—and the concomitant aura of the Naturalist golden age—is today fainter, though still discernible, still romantic in the animal wing of the Harvard Museum of Natural History than it was fifteen years ago, before the then Museum of Comparative Zoology merged with the Harvard University Herbaria and the Mineralogical and Geological Museum. Arthropods appear preserved, exoskeletons sporting gemlike luster in dazzling array. Skilled taxidermy has prepared, stuffed, and mounted into action poses myriads of amphibians, reptiles, fish, birds, and mammals. After the bears in permanent attack, the quadrupeds caught in eternal surprise, the rodents ever at work, the mustelids ever at play, one comes at last upon a single human skeleton, taking humble place leaf-like atip its branch of the evolutionary continuum—unstuffed. It is surrounded post-merger by some additional primate skeletons which have, for the viewer, made the transition from life-like to memento mori a bit less jarring—but elsewhere in the museum, you will have seen the skin and fur and faces of mounted gorillas and orangutans and chimpanzees without coming across any stylings of human meat or human hide. The incongruity stands as an exemplum of the ongoing difficulties, despite the best and most brilliant-intentioned of decenterings, to wholly I Am is universally cited, though not, it seems, yet universally ingested and understood. The problem, as recent systems theory has noted, is precisely in this disavowal of the work of human projection, the representation as it were of the outside and the Other inside. Perhaps the most concise articulation of the impulse in its ambivalence occurs in Jane Bennett's essay on hoarders as the unwitting actors of material agency, an essay that gives itself the competing maxims of keeping objects rather than human persons in the foreground and of treating the human persons not as mentally ill but as "differently abled." Despite repeated reminders to keep to these maxims, however, the essay's focal points are precisely upon the human pathologies of capitalist accumulation, associated human dramas of powerlessness before compulsion, and human readings of the same. Against maxim, it is precisely this human conception of the thing, Benjaminian, that is actually her inspiration repudiate our perspectives of human exceptionalism. Animal, Mineral, Vegetable: Ethics and Objects, a collection of papers from the eponymous conference, edited and introduced by Jeffrey Jerome Cohen, testifies—sometimes delightfully—to this modal ineluctability whilst trying to think the exanthropic. That division of posthumanist theory that problematizes the proximity of human and animal (as opposed, for example, to that between human and cyborg) seems to have found particularly amenable soil in Medieval and Early Modern studies: Cohen's period of expertise and a phrase qualifying the conference subtitle but dropped, perhaps illadvisedly, for the book to accommodate some essays on latter-day subjects.


The invention discloses a special fertilizer for planting coniform bitter gourds. The special fertilizer has the characteristics that the special fertilizer has small effects on change of the pH value of soil, and the wastes are turned into wealth by utilizing the organic wastes. The special fertilizer provides abundant nutrients for the coniform bitter gourds, has lasting fertilizer efficiency, is abundant in nutrients, can also eliminate plant diseases and insect pests, improve the immunity and increase the yield and the quality, is obtained in combination with the growth characteristics of the coniform bitter gourds on the basis of multiple tests, and aims to reduce change of the pH value of soil, increase the yield per mu and improve the crop quality. The harvested bitter gourds have beautiful shapes and taste sweeter and more refreshing.


!!Introduction

Writing is a complex activity that involves a number of cognitive actions and relies heavily on perceptual and sensory-motor processes. Although the process of writing has been studied from many different perspectives, not much attention has been paid to its intrinsic "bodiliness" and the importance of the tool it is carried out with. Clearly, writing is very different when using a pen and paper or a keyboard and a screen regarding the movement patterns and the focus of visual attention [1]. What changes in our cognition when we switch from pen to computer? While numerous studies focus on the influence of the usage of distinct writing technologies on participants' knowledge and performance, not much has been said about its implications for the phenomenology of writing. The aim of this project is to highlight the experiential differences in typing versus writing by hand. Phenomenological interviews and various third-person observational methods were combined in order to carry out an in-depth qualitative analysis of participants' writing experience.

!!Method

The research plan was formed following the first-person observations of my own writing experience. The core of the inquiry was the phenomenological interview, conducted following the technique described by Petitmengin [2], the goal of which was to help participants become aware of their subjective experience and describe it with as much detail as possible. During the session the subjects interchangeably used handwriting or typing and talked about the accompanying experience; the sessions were videotaped and the computer screen display video captured. Since introspective examination requires motivation as well as skill, the participants were chosen on the basis of their interest in the topic studied and interviewed in three or more successive sessions, thus gradually turning into skilled researchers of their writing experience.

!!Future research

In addition to the analysis of interview-acquired phenomenological data, I will also examine the participants' behavior during the writing sessions and the course of their text-creation. Although they have not yet been thoroughly analyzed, the phenomenological data from the first three participants suggest a number of medium-dependent characteristics of their writing experience. The current findings will serve as a guidance for further research with more participants which will hopefully reveal some generally present patterns of the studied phenomenon.

!!References

[1] A. Mangen and J. L. Velay. "Digitizing literacy: reflections on the haptics of writing," in Advances in Haptics, M. H. Zadeh, Ed. InTech, 2010, pp. 385–402

[2] C. Petitmengin. "Describing one's subjective experience in the second person: An interview method for the science of consciousness". Phenomenology and the Cognitive sciences, vol. 5, pp. 229–269, Nov. 2006.


PURPOSE:To enable automatic long-term operation of a small-capacity liquid fuel cell with the use of no manpower. CONSTITUTION:A fuel tank 12 is additionally provided to a fuel battery body 11 of a liquid fuel battery 10 in which unit cells are plurally laminated with separators interposed therebetween and liquid fuel is used as direct fuel. The fuel temperature inside the fuel tank 12 is metered by a temperature gauge 16 in each specified unit of time. When the liquid temperature exceeds a value set beforehand, purified water in a water tank 40 is supplied to the fuel tank 12. When the liquid temperature falls below a lower limit, liquid fuel in a preliminary fuel tank 30 is supplied to the fuel tank 12. By causing control to be made through use of the liquid temperature only, the apparatus is simplified and the operation control under no manpower becomes possible.


Cartilage content of proteoglycans decreases early in induced degenerative hip joint disease. Remaining molecules show structural changes indicating fragmentation. Fragments lost from the articular cartilage are released to the synovial fluid, where they can be quantified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Their amounts are related to the activity of the disease process.


It is essential to integrate speeches and nonverbal behaviors for a humanoid robot in human-robot interaction. This paper presents an approach using multi-object genetic algorithm to match the speeches and behaviors automatically. Firstly, with humanoid robot's emotion status, we construct a hierarchical structure to link voice characteristics and nonverbal behaviors. Secondly, these behaviors corresponding to speeches are matched and integrated into an action sequence based on genetic algorithm, so the robot can consistently speak and perform emotional behaviors. Our approach takes advantage of relevant knowledge described by psychologists and nonverbal communication. And from experiment results, our ultimate goal, implementing an affective robot to act and speak with partners vividly and fluently, could be achieved.


The most important marker to test is epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). EGFR is the second most common oncogenic driver in lung cancer, present in 15% of adenocarcinoma cases, but the most common mutation to be actionable with an approved drug.


Tracking of wireless nodes such as robots in wireless sensor network (WSN) has been widely studied in literature. Most of these studies are based on the Kalman filter (KF) for linear models corrupted by Gaussian noise, the extended Kalman filter (EKF) for non linear models and the particles filter (PF) which does no require the model o be linear nor the noise be Gaussian. In his paper, we present a comparative study of mobile target node (TN) racking via the KF, EKF and PF based on the received power of the signal. A constant velocity model is considered for the motion of TN, depicting an indoor environment. The performance of the filters are compared in terms of the root mean square error (RMSE). Extensive simulations are performed to evaluate the performance of the discussed filters.


Recognizing textual entailment has been known as a challenging task, with many proposed approaches focusing on solving it independently. From a broader perspective, there are other semantic relations between pairs of texts, e.g., paraphrase, contradiction, overlapping, independence, etc. In this paper, we propose three basic measurements: relatedness, inconsistency, and inequality, to characterize these closely related Textual Semantic Relations . We show empirically the effectiveness of these measurements for the recognition tasks (e.g. an improvement of 3.1% of accuracy for entailment recognition) with features extracted from dependency paths of the joint syntactic and semantic graph. With the semantic relation space based on these three dimensions, we show this is a way to achieve a better understanding of general semantic relations between texts.