The present study was carried out to investigate the potential ameliorative effect of two commercial anti-mycotoxins, containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall as prebiotic (T-Nil Plus®) and Bacillus subtilis as probiotic (Synertox®) on performance and some biochemical parameters of broilers. One hundred and twenty chicks one day old chicks were divided into 3 equal groups. 1st group was served as control, 2nd group was given T-Nil Plus®. The 3rd group was given Synertox®. Chicken's performance was estimated. Serum samples obtained from each group for biochemical analysis. Tissues samples were collected for histopathological examination. The obtained results revealed that, T-Nil plus® induced a marked reduction in body weight gain and an elevation in Feed consumption, moreover, a marked elevation in, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine and malondialdehyde (MDA) and a marked reduction in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was detected. While Synertox® caused a significant decrease in body weight, body weight gain and no change in feed conversion rate (FCR) and a marked elevation in ALT, creatinine and a marked reduction in AST and nitric oxide (NO) and it caused a significant reduction in serum glucose level of the birds. In conclusion, Synertox® induced a powerful effect comparing to T-Nil Plus®, as it induces a good FCR and increases the response of the birds against oxidative stress.


This paper describes the basic control features of a typical satellite switch system, such as INTELSAT VI. Factors are addressed pertaining to the data format that is used to express the switch plan, the timing control of the switch states comprising the satellite switch frame, the transmission of the switch plan to the satellite, storage and execution of the switch plan on board, and the coding of switch plan data for protection from radiation-induced bit errors. Also, the implementation used to achieve precision control of the on-board clock is discussed, and the influence of clock control variation on all the terrestrial interfaces that participate in the system is demonstrated. Finally, the method for achieving network-wide coordinated switch state time plan/TDMA burst time plan changes, which are essential in an operational satellite-switched (SS)-TDMA system, is discussed.


The main aim of present paper is the establishment of a summation formula related to Contiguous relation referring to equation (24) and Hypergeometric function.


The Origins and Development of Mahayana Buddhism in its Early Stages was one of Yin Shun's books which reviews early Mahayana sutras and lists 47 sutras relating to Wenshu. When the book was published, the Wenshu doctrine began to get a great deal of attention from numerous scholars. According to the paper's findings, Yin Shun believed the Wenshu and Prajna doctrines were of the same origin but had developed differently. The Wenshu doctrine was unique because it skipped many steps to Buddhahood and had a close relationship with Aman Buddhist Land. In the Wenshu doctrine the Aman Buddha was mentioned and the Bodhisattva was emulated. The doctrine exhibited contempt for the Śravaka Vehicle and neglected the sequential order of Buddhist practice. Therefore, Yin Shuan criticized the Wenshu doctrine for not following the traditional Middle Way.


Abstract Let Xbv (v = 1,2, ..., n) be independent random variables with the distribution functions Fbvx) and suppose . We define a random variable by where and denote the distribution function of X by F (x.


Through germination test of the seeds of Acanthopanax giraldii on stratification of different temperature conditions,different treatment concentration of GA3 and different habitats seeds,the effects of seed embryo growth and germination rate on different stratification methods were studied.The results showed that the seed of Acanthopanax giraldii after its picking could completed embryo after-ripening growth,alse called seed morphological after-ripening after high temperature of 18℃ around 90 d stratification treatment process;It was still in depth dormancy after the seed embryo's morphological after-ripening,and germination process could be completed under the temperature of 4℃ with 90 days.A certain concentration of GA3 was good for the forming of seed embryo in high temperature conditions of 18℃,as well as the increasing of forming rate of seed embryo and germination rate.The seeds of Acanthopanax giraldii germination rate were significant difference at different habitats.


The rural loss-of-only-child families are a large group that should not be ignored,whose reproductive problem has great significance on the construction of harmonious families,villages and society.Their reproductive rights should include the right to choose whether to bear new baby,how to bear new baby,accept help in reproduction and so on.In light of the problems in the rural loss-of-only-child families' reproduction,the authors thinks that the State Council should formulate special decrees according to relevant higher-level laws such as "Population and Family Planning Law of the People's Republic of China" and in the decrees the construction of the guarantee mechanisms for these families' right to choose whether to bear new baby,how to bear new baby as well as accept help in reproduction should be included as an important content.


In this paper, the shifts of 5 D J and 7 F J energy levels of Eu 3+ ion caused by the crystal field effect, are calculated in 25 hosts containing Eu 3+ ions. The relation between the calculated shifts and experimental values are analyzed. The correct order of nephelauxetic effect shifts in these hosts is given


This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 210414, "First Evidence for Shale Production Decline as a Result of Formation Damage Caused by C60+ Paraffin Wax Deposition: A Permian Case Study," by Amir Mahmoudkhani, SPE, Locus Fermentation Solutions, and Jonathan Rogers and Martin Shumway, SPE, Locus Bio-Energy Solutions, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

 Analysis of production decline curves revealed that three candidate wells in West Texas depleted faster than indicated by a type decline curve, indicating a potentially abnormal permeability-reduction mechanism. A biosurfactant-based squeeze program was recommended and applied in three horizontal wells. The biosurfactant treatment offers an alternative and economical method for remediation of formation damage caused by high‑molecular‑weight paraffin wax deposition in porous media that does not require costly intervention techniques to apply.

 The Bone Springs horizontal oil play in the Delaware Basin spans from southeast New Mexico into West Texas. Stacked, multipay reservoirs, each with diverse rock properties, possess upside but also complexity. The initial targets in the play were conventional sandstones. Wells then tapped into carbonate lenses and, ultimately, low-permeability sandstones. As a result of horizontal drilling technology combined with hydraulic fracturing, very thin sands and other facies are now being produced. Generally, reservoir quality of this unconventional hydrocarbon system is controlled by carbonate content, where increased carbonate content typically is associated with lower productivity.

 All crude oils exhibited precipitation of organics at ambient laboratory temperatures. Even after storing crudes at the bottomhole temperature of 140°F, a small amount of wax remained insoluble in bulk liquid.
 Samples of formation drill cuttings were received for various depth intervals between 8,500 and 12,000 ft. X‑ray diffraction analyses of solids revealed quartz as the major mineral phase, with clays and carbonates account for remaining phases. Combined fractions with 160-micron size were used for microcolumn oil-recovery screening tests. Carbon distributions of oils and waxes were performed by high-temperature gas chromatography (HTGC).
 The Du Noüy ring method was used to measure static surface tensions of biosurfactant solutions at different concentrations and was applied to calculate critical micelle concentrations at ambient temperature. Interfacial tension (IFT) measurements were performed using a drop-shaped tensiometer using the pendant-drop method. Finally, the IFTs of oil in synthetic formation water and in biosurfactant solutions prepared in city tap water were determined. Contact-angle measurements also were performed.
 The wax-appearance temperature (WAT) of crude and wax samples was determined by the differential scanning calorimetry method. Spontaneous imbibition experiments were performed using the Amott-cell method at reservoir temperature. Berea sandstone core plugs (25×50 mm) with a permeability of 385 md and porosity of 18.4% were used. Core plugs were saturated with homogenized crude oil samples at 140°F for 7 days.


The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for transporting a plurality of articles, in particular of postal items. At least one conveying operation by a latch (Af) to a resume point is performed. Here, an initial signal is generated (start). Any object that before the production of the start signal (Start) in the buffer (Af) was promoted, is taken from the intermediate storage (Af). The transported in this transport process objects (R0, S1) are moved out of the buffer (Af) in the transport process used for this transport means (Beh-1). After the introduction of the articles (R0, S1) in the transport means (Beh-1) is completed, an end signal (Q1) is generated. is stored, which objects (R0, S1, R1) between the generation of the start signal (Start) and the generation of the end signal (Q1) in the buffer (Af) were transported. The transport operation is performed. The means of transport (Beh-1) trnasportierten objects (R0, S1) are removed from the transport means (Beh-1). For each object (R0, S1) which has been transported in this Transprtvorgang, a record is determined, which for this object (R0, S1) is stored. Here, the stored data is determined exclusively under such records for those objects (R0, S1, R1) generated between the generation of the start signal (Start) and ...


The 1988 report, while it finds new impetus for peace in Central America, focuses on the problems which still threaten peace and stability throughout the AmericasoLatin American trade debt; drug abuse; expanding populations, economic depression and political violence in Central America; and the continued threat of military intervention in the political affairs of young democracies. The Americas in 1988 provides in-depth discussion of each of these issues and argues forcefully that cooperative rather than unilateral actions hold the key to addressing these monumental problems.


Law enforcement officials have long recognized that a wide and dangerous gap exists in the range of tools that are available to them. The most common law enforcement tools, the nightstick and the gun, may be either too weak or too strong a response to many police situations. In violent confrontations, officers may be obliged to choose an unnecessarily strong response for lack of an effective alternative weapon. These problems demand that we persevere in the development of less than lethal weapons, that is, weapons which are designed to provide effective enforcement while at the same time minimizing the risk of life.


D S, in the editorial ' Integrative biology (physiology) – a necessity ! ' (J Intern Med 1995; 237: 345–7), Bo$ ttiger explains that 'we need integrative biology and integrative physiology to integrate all new knowledge into an understanding of whole tissues, organs and individuals ' [1]. In this respect, we have recently proposed that the local and systemic response of the organism to stress, represented as the mechanical trauma, is based on the successive functional predominance of the nervous, immune and endocrine systems. In relation to this hypothesis, the final and prevalent functions of these systems may represent the consecutive phases of the response to stress developed by a single system: the psycho–neuro–immune–endocrine [2]. These successive functions not only are expressed by the mentioned systems, but also by the rest of the components of the organism. These make up a systemic response integrated by the functions of the nervous, immune and endocrine systems. So, this functional concept of the nervous, immune and endocrine systems is not only limited to those systems, but the whole organism is involved, i.e. the epithelial, endothelial and mesothelial barriers as well as the structures with supporting function (osseous, muscular and connective tissues) and storage function (adipose tissue), whose functional expression is modified in the successive phases of the organic response produced by the mechanical trauma [2]. The succession in the functional expression by the organism of the nervous, immune and endocrine systems could represent the meaning of an ancestral response whose effectiveness makes it possible for the organism to persist on the level of cells, tissues, organ and individuals, in both physiological as well as pathological situations.


ABSTRACT To determine whether grafting increases cadmium (Cd) accumulation in the post-grafting generation of hyperaccumulator plants, the effects of grafting on Cd accumulation characteristics of post-grafting generations of a potential Cd-hyperaccumulator Solanum photeinocarpum were evaluated in pot and field experiments. The following four grafting combinations were examined: ungrafted (UG), self-rooted grafting involving one S. photeinocarpum seedling (SG), self-rooted grafting involving two S. photeinocarpum seedling developmental stages (DG), and grafting on wild potato rootstock (PG). Grafting did not induce genetic changes in S. photeinocarpum, and increased the shoot biomass and the amount of Cd extracted by the shoots of the first, second, and third generations of S. photeinocarpum (PG > DG > SG > UG). Additionally, enhanced superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activities and increased soluble protein contents of the first post-grafting generation were observed for the DG and PG, whereas only enhanced superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities were observed for the SG. Grafting increased the DNA methylation levels by inducing hypermethylation in the first post-grafting generation (PG > DG > SG > UG). Therefore, grafting can enhance the Cd accumulation (phytoremediation) ability of post-grafting generations of S. photeinocarpum by enhancing DNA methylation levels, especially when wild potato rootstock is used.


Today, older adults are routinely classified into different categories based on their degrees of independence. However, due to the extreme heterogeneity of this group, and the fact that ageing is a progressive process, older adults may require customized prosthetic treatment. Older people, during ageing, may quickly pass into a frail condition, with loss of independence and of the manual skills necessary for proper hygiene maintenance. With this in mind, complete arch rehabilitations can make an important contribution to a patient's quality of life. New treatment strategies are needed which take into account the priorities of ageing. The aim of this case report is to show an adaptable prosthetic treatment protocol that is useful for older adults. This protocol provides individual satisfaction and also aids forecasting of the patient's future functional and maintenance needs.


In this paper, an integral sliding mode control (ISMC)strategy is designed for rate-based ∞ow control problem in asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks. A novelty of this paper is the use of a transformation, which eliminates the input delays, into the ISMC technology. The control scheme guarantees stability robustness to multiple time-delays in difierent channels and changeful available bit-rate (ABR) bandwidth. It also achieves two expectant goals, i.e. it ensures convergence of queue length to the desired steady-state value and satisfles a weighted fairness condition. The algorithm exhibits good performance and most importantly, has a solid theoretical foundation. Simu- lation results show that the control system is rapid, robust, adaptive and the quality of service (QoS) is guaranteed. Congestion in computer networks is the main reason for reduced performance and poor QoS. Therefore, congestion control of computer networks received a growing attention in control community recently, ATM in particular which is a key tech- nology for integrating broadband integrated services (B-ISDN) in heterogeneous networks where data, video and voice sources transmit information. To support multimedia tra-c, the ATM Forum(1) has deflned flve service classes: the constant bit-rate (CBR) class, the real-time and non-real-time variable bit-rate (VBR) class, the unspecifled bit-rate (UBR) class and ABR class which is a "best efiort" class. Of these, ABR is the ideal one that responds to network congestion by means of a feedback control mechanism in order to improve network utilization by minimizing data loss and retransmissions. The ATM forum decided to use a closed-loop rate- based congestion control scheme as the standard for the ABR service, which may be classifled into two schemes: 1) Binary feedback scheme. 2) Explicit rate (ER)


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to remind loyalty marketers to harness the power of the often‐forgotten generation that truly values brand loyalty – the Baby boomers.Design/methodology/approach – The approach take the form of exploring Boomers' demographics and influence on the marketing community and outlining some of the best practices to which marketers can look when building programs and offers for Boomers.Findings – By 2010, one‐third of the US population will be over 50; by 2020, one in five Americans will be over 65. In the near future, the oldest segment of the US economy will control the largest share of the US economy and marketers will be wise to make 50+ consumers visible in their marketing strategies. Boomers will find the brands that resonate with them and continue to fuel revenue and growth for years to come.Practical implications – If one has established a relationship with Boomer customers and one has maintained the integrity of those relationships, they will stay with one for year...


Consider the $n!$ different unitary matrices that permute $n$ $d$-dimensional quantum systems. If $d\geq n$ then they are linearly independent. This paper discusses a sense in which they are approximately orthogonal (with respect to the Hilbert-Schmidt inner product) if $d\gg n^2$, or, in a different sense, if $d\gg n$. Previous work had shown pairwise approximate orthogonality of these matrices, but here we show a more collective statement, quantified in terms of the operator norm distance of the Gram matrix to the identity matrix. This simple point has several applications in quantum information and random matrix theory: (1) showing that random maximally entangled states resemble fully random states, (2) showing that Boson sampling output probabilities resemble those from Gaussian matrices, (3) improving the Eggeling-Werner scheme for multipartite data hiding, (4) proving that the product test of Harrow-Montanaro cannot be performed using LOCC without a large number of copies of the state to be tested, (5) proving that the purity of a quantum state also cannot be efficiently tested using LOCC, and (6, published separately) helping prove that poly-size random quantum circuits are poly-designs.


Meditation is practiced since the old days and its popularity is growing in recent years to get better mental as well as physical health in a natural way. A rapidly increasing number of studies are involved in finding the biological mech-anism underlying the beneficial impacts of meditation. Surface electroencephalogram (EEG) is a non-invasive way to record the electrical activity of the brain which carries important signature about the different neural processing, going on inside the brain. EEG signals show oscillations at different frequency bands known as EEG rhythms which are associated with divergent neurophysiological states. In this paper, we have analyzed the effect of chanting 'Hare Krishna Mantra' (HKM) on EEG rhythms. Relative band power of different rhythms, after and before one round (108 times) chanting HKM, are compared. A non-stationary signal decomposition tool, Fourier-Bessel series expansion is used to calculate the band power. After mediation, alpha band power has increased significantly which implies the relaxed and peaceful state of mind. This study on HKM chanting effects on EEG rhythms may show a simple but effective path to control stress, depression, tension, etc.


Uncertainties in project scheduling are recognized as significant obstacles to complete projects on schedule. Previous research on stochastic resource constrained project scheduling problems mainly focused on developing some scheduling policies to minimize the expected project duration, yet, the work on addressing and quantifying schedule uncertainty is rare in these approaches. The objective of this report is to propose an approach to measure the scheduling uncertainty in terms of schedule entropy, in the problem environment. A two-stage approach is proposed in this paper. By the approach, the evolution of the stochastic resource constrained projects can be simplified into the reduced scenario tree based on a decision criterion, a risk measure expected utility and entropy, which can reflects to project manager's attitude to risk. On the basis of the reduced scenario tree, the scheduling uncertainty of projects are investigated and measured as well as the minimal expected project duration can be obtained from the tree. Finally, a simple example is demonstrated.


This report describes the work on a number of projects carried out at both the cell and the module level during the past year. We investigated the effects of CdS thickness in collaboration with six CdTe cell-fabrication laboratories; there appears to be a critical thickness, between 500 and 1000 {Angstrom} depending on fabrication process, below which junction quality is degraded. Our experimental and modeling project showed that conduction-band offsets less than about 0.3 eV have little effect on the performance of a CuInSe{sub 2} (CIS) or CdTe cell under the traditional assumption that the absorber material accounts for most of the depletion region. The work in several other cell projects included the role of Ga distribution in Cu{sub 1-x}Ga{sub x}Se{sub 2} (CIGS) cells, changes that occur in some cells over time, optical characterization of commonly used CdTe substrates and front contacts, and comparative characterization of CIGS cells where identical absorbers were combined with variations in window fabrication. Our work on the primary module-characterization project developed the successful use of chopping-frequency variation in a scanning beam to separate photocurrent and shunting problems affecting individual cells of an encapsulated module. Other module projects included modifications in analysis required by the typical module-cell geometry, the practical effect of nonuniformities in light intensity or cell temperature, and the advantages and pitfalls of forward bias across a module during a light scan.


The peculiarities of radiation spectra of a single relativistic electron bunch or train of bunches in an infinite rectangular dielectric waveguide, in a semi-infinite dielectric waveguide, and in a dielectric waveguide of finite length were theoretically explored. Single-mode and multimode modes were surveyed. In the first case, the excited fields corresponding to Cherenkov and transition radiation were identified. In the second case, the substantial growth of field amplitude was obtained due to interference of many excited transversal modes. Limitation on maximum field amplitude and amount of contributing bunches caused by the fields removal with a group velocity was found. The features of excited spectra caused by a regular sequence of bunches were investigated. Selective excitation of transversal modes and corresponding field waveform were considered for the arbitrary rectangular geometry. PACS: 41.75.Lx, 41.85.Ja, 41.60.Bq


The objectives of this research are to measure the aquifer properties (S, T, and K) of selected watersheds delineated to the U.S. Geological Survey gauging stations using streamflow recession and baseflow data and to describe the relations among the properties of shallow aquifers and the physical properties of the basins, such as slope, regolith type and thickness, and land use type. Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques are utilized to investigate critical physiographic controls on transmissivity and storage coefficients on a regional basis. Moreover, the effect of evapotranspiration on recession index is illustrated. Finally, a detailed quantitative comparison of results for the Piedmont and the Blue Ridge Physiographic Provinces in southeast of the U.S. is provided. Recession index, annual groundwater recharge, and annual baseflow data were obtained from 44 USGS-gauging stations with drainage areas larger than 2 (mi 2) and less than 400 (mi 2). These gauging stations are located in Georgia and North Carolina. Analyses of data focused on GIS techniques to estimate watershed parameters such as total stream length, drainage density, groundwater slope, and aquifer half-width. The hydraulic diffusivity, transmissivity, and storage coefficient of watersheds were computed using hydrograph techniques and the Olmsted and Hely, and Rorabaugh mathematical models. Median recession index values for the Blue Ridge and Piedmont Provinces are 87.8 and 74.5 (d/log cycle), respectively. Median areal diffusivity values for the Blue Ridge and Piedmont are 35,000 and 44,200 (ft 2 /d), respectively. Median basin-specific estimates of transmissivity for basins in the Blue Ridge and Piedmont are 150 and 410 (ft 2 /d), respectively. The large values of transmissivity obtained for the Piedmont regolith may be attributed to the thick regolith, low values of basin relief, and voids that develop as a result of fracturing, foliation, weathering, and fractured quartz veins in the saprolite. Median basin-specific estimates of storage coefficient for basins in the Blue Ridge and Piedmont are 0.005 and 0.009, respectively. In general, the results from this study reveal great differences in basin-specific hydraulic parameters of the regolith material within the Piedmont compared to that of the Blue Ridge Physiographic Province. iv DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to my parents for their love, wisdom, support, high moral standards, and compassion for humanity. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS


The invention relates to a speed control display system and method. The method for determination of vehicle characteristics in reference to an optimum path and determination of machine performance adjustment based on a calculated time of arrival relative to an optimum time of arrival. The method provides a resultant instantaneous display of modified vehicle settings to the operator.


The present invention discloses a discrete nanotubes and methods and compositions for producing nano sheet and a production process thereof. Discrete nanotubes / nanosheets compositions can be used for producing articles in order to provide superior mechanical and electrical properties. They are also used as catalysts and catalyst supports for chemical reactions.


When Bob Sternberg embarked on this project in May of 2013, I was nearing the end of a year's administrative leave after stepping down from my fifth major administrative position, an administrative career spanning twenty-three years. My latest position was a five-year term s executive vice president and provost at Iowa State University. I had been one of the Big XII provosts who formed the original set of contributors to this important book.


Covers the capital gains tax cut controversy and discusses some of the confusion that has arisen because of the way in which data are reported. Argues that a relatively simple recalculation of tax liabilities produced satisfactory measurements for the distribution of benefits from a capital gains tax cut.


Abstract : SMARTweave technology, developed and patented by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL), has been applied to monitor resin flow and cure progress in composite laminate processing. It has since demonstrated the capacity of being a viable sensing mechanism in other critical applications. In this feasibility study, for example, SMARTweave sensors have successfully shown the potential for detecting ballistic-impact- induced damage in a composite laminate. A sensing grid of electrically conductive graphite fibers was embedded in the composite specimens during lay-up of the glass-fabric preforms. The results of electrical resistance measurements preformed before and after ballistic impact, with the difference indicating the detection of induced damage (delamination), are presented herein. For purposes of qualitative comparison, a traditional, ultrasonic, nondestructive, evaluation technique was also used to capture the effects of the induced damage. This research was conducted during the period that the Materials Division was in transition from ARL, Watertown, MA, to the Rodman Materials Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG), MD.


This study began with the development of the 4th Industrial Revolution technology and interest in metaverses. The purpose of the study is to find out marketing through the convergence of fashion luxury brands and metaverses. In addition, the purpose is to study new types of communication about metaverse marketing by studying marketing cases by brand.
Therefore, research was conducted through literature, previous studies, and press releases of domestic and foreign media. Gucci, Louis Vuitton, Burberry, and Dolce & Gabbana, who have released a number of virtual fashion products and are actively engaged in meta-bus marketing, were analyzed. As a result of the study, various brands that used traditional marketing and communication were conducting new ways of marketing.
Gucci has released Gucci Villa in Geppetto, various digital collections and games. Louis Vuitton has released a game commemorating the 200th anniversary of Louis Vuitton's birth. The story of the brand was naturally melted into the game, and NFT items were also released.
Burberry introduced Burberry's characters to the game and released NFT items. Dolce & Gabbana has released an NFT collection that can be used in the real world and in the meta-bus virtual reality. Based on these research results, fashion luxury brands were expanding their marketing and communication areas more diversely.
It can also be expected that new communication can be developed in the future.


This thesis is concerned with coamoebas and their connection to integral representations A-hypergeometric functions. In the first part, we introduce the lopsidedness criterion for coamoebas, and de ...


Inflammation of endothelium is associated with atherosclerosis. It is known that adenosine possesses anti‐inflammatory function and its level is increased at the sites of inflammation. The mechanism underlying the increased adenosine level is not fully understood. Therefore, we studied the effect of inflammation on endothelial ecto‐5'nucleotidase (ecto‐5'Nu), an enzyme which metabolizes extracellular adenosine monophosphate into adenosine. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce inflammation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Biochemical assay revealed that the ecto‐5'Nu activity in HUVEC was stimulated by LPS after 24 hr treatment. RT‐PCR showed that mRNA expression of ecto‐5'Nu was not changed but western blot showed that its protein expression was increased by LPS. In addition, LY294‐002, a phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, reduced the LPS‐stimulated ecto‐5'Nu activity but ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APDC), a NF‐êB inhibitor, had no effect. The stimulation of ecto‐5'Nu by LPS was unaltered when HUVEC was incubated in 25 mM glucose, a condition which mimics the hyperglycemia of diabetes. In conclusion, it is suggested that the increased extracellular adenosine level during inflammation may be related to increased translational regulation of ecto‐5'Nu through a PI3K signaling pathway and this mechanism may not be affected in diabetes.


Many Midwestern communities are engaging in regional industrial targeting and cluster development strategies, often with a focus on their existing manufacturing strengths. However, local economic development officials are understandably nervous about investing more resources into a sector whose future growth prospects are unknown. This research describes a practical risk assessment tool for measuring a region's vulnerability to near-term manufacturing job loss. Such a tool might be used to inform or prioritize regional strategic planning and industrial targeting efforts. As an additional benefit, the tool might help bridge the gaps between local expertise and regional understanding


CCR3 is the cognate receptor for major human eosinophil chemoattractants from the eotaxin family of proteins that are elevated in asthma and correlate with disease severity.


Experiences of 700 South African companies form the basis of this simple five-point health check which compares a company's BEE process against best practice.


Abstract The validity and the taxonomic status of Racomitrium marginatum Lojac. are discussed. This doubtful Sicilian moss, validly reported in the «Index muscorum», is closely related to R. lanugfnosum (Hedw.) Brid. of which it has been considered as a mere synonym. Studying a specimen of R. lanugfnosum from vicinity of the locus classicus of R. marginatum, BRIZI remarks the insubstantiality of this species and affirms that it is a form of R. lanugfnosum adapted to arid and dry environments. According to this opinion and on the basis of the examination of the specimen studied by Lojacono (PAL), it has been given a more suitable interpretation of this doubtful entity. Therefore it is described as a new form named Racomitrium lanugfnosum (Hedw.) Brid fo. aetnense Dia et Raimondo.


: The Arctic shelf of Russia belongs to strategically important, promising areas of the country with an enormous potential of natural resources, in particular hydrocarbon reserves. In the view of the growing interest to the development of the Arctic region and the development of its offshore hydrocarbon fields, the actual problem of Arctic fleet selection and optimization upraises, in particular, regarding the special-purpose ice navigation vessels. Despite the fact that icebreakers and icebreaking vessels are designed for ice operations, most of their operating time is spent in ice-free waters, and therefore, the study of hull resistance of an ice vessel in ice-free water is the one of sci-entific interest. Such study requires thorough and detailed analysis of the shape of vessel's hull and the characteristics of propeller-steering complex, as well as their interaction in the course of technological operations, and can be performed using automated design systems and engineering analysis. This article presents the results of numerical simulation of movement of an ice-floating vessel in ice-free water: the dependence of water resistance on a vessel's speed; while visualizing the results of this study allows to determine not only the numerical values of the indicators, but also to evaluate the whole picture of the process, whether pressure distribution, field velocities or fluid flow, which is an undoubted advantage of computer simulation. The data obtained as a result of the study may serve as basis for the formation of recommendations for development of effective hull forms of ice-floating vessels in terms of ship performance.


Venture business has a great ripple effect on the national industry? competitiveness, it is being magnified as a new industry field to overcome difficulties of low-growth, leading actual expense-intensive conglomerates and labor-intensive smaller businesses. In this paper, we examined difference of ...


Stress concentrations under W via plugs in a multilevel metal process have been calculated using finite element methods. It is seen that the stress under the W via plug is a sensitive function of the geometry and the presence of a TiN ARC (Anti-Reflective Coating). The stress under the plug is calculated to be approximately 50% higher than in the surrounding material. In experiments where inspection after purely thermal (no electromigration) stressing was performed, a significantly greater probability of finding a void under the via than in the rest of the line was observed. Replacement of the W plug with Al reduces the stress significantly. In addition, an Al via would heve less tensile stress than the surrounding material and therefore not provide a preferred site for void nucleation.


Basic nursing texts used by first-year nursing students are a major socializing force, facilitating the students' integration into the nursing profession. These texts generally provide an overview of nursing, including a description of basic nursing assessment and skills.
Although transcultural nursing is a relatively new field, information on the cultural aspects of nursing care has been available for more than a decade. Transcultural nursing was established as a specialty more than ten years ago, and care of the culturally variant client is now recognized as a responsibility for all nurses (Leininger, 1984).


It is common in the legal academy to describe judicial decision trends leading to new common law rules as resulting from conscious judicial effort. Evolutionary models of litigation, in contrast, treat common law as resulting from pressure applied by litigants. One apparent difficulty in the theory of litigation is explaining how trends in judicial decisions favoring one litigant


This study will shed some light on the debate on the impact of monetary policy on the labour market in Europe. The Phillips curve implies that demand-induced changes in inflation tend to lag behind movements in the unemployment rate, which means that a comparison between the actual unemployment rate and the NAIRU may be helpful in forecasting future changes in inflation. By using an unobserved component model with a Kalman filter we estimate the NAIRU for three countries in the euro area. Moreover, using a Markov switching model we investigate whether European monetary policy is responsible for these unemployment gaps and whether the interest rate is transmitted asymmetrically across countries


The distribution of natural uranium, thorium and 226 Ra has been studied in water samples from the Ortigas river, situated in a granitic region in the west of Spain. Temporal and spatial variations were studied for a better understanding of the mobilization mechanisms in the studied system. The determination was made using alpha spectrometry. Two uranium mines in the neighbourhood of the river and the granitic soils produce significant concentration of these radionuclides in the surface water under study. The 234 U/ 238 U activity ratio was greater than unity for all the water samples. Direct recoil of 234 Th into the aqueous phase and preferential leaching of 234 U seem to be the mechanisms responsible for this effect. The 228 Th/ 232 Th activity ratio is greater than unity and higher than the values found for the 234 U/ 238 U activity ratio.


The invention provides a hip joint prosthesis and solves the problems that parts of fastening nails of bone grafts in periacetabular osteotomy interfere with a hip joint prosthesis to cause fixing inconvenience of the bone grafts or the hip joint prosthesis and further to cause the impossibility of reaching an optimum fixing position in the prior art and that an existing total hip femoral prosthesis is not applicable to all DDH (Developmental Dysplasia Of The Hip) patients. The hip joint prosthesis comprises an acetabular cup for fixing inside an acetabulum, an eccentric acetabular liner for increasing the range of motion of the hip joint prosthesis and arranged inside the acetabular cup, a ball heat playing the role of a femoral head and arranged inside the eccentric acetabular liner and a stable femoral stem for being fixed onto a cuboid and connected with the ball head. By means of the above technical scheme, the hip joint prosthesis can be arranged in the optimum fixing position and meets the requirements on prostheses required by operations of the DDH patients.


The invention concerns a support such as a smart card comprising a chip, said chip comprising at least a storage zone and a processing unit (1), said at least one storage zone storing a first platform (20), or first software interface for access to physical resources. The invention is characterised in that said at least one storage zone stores at least a second platform (21), or second software interface for access to physical resources, which is different from the first platform (20).


Implementation of procurement of goods and services have a new E-tendering electronic
system it required supervision from The Commission for the Supervision of Business
Competition order to maintain a conducive competition climate. The essence of
undergraduate thesis discusses how the Role of The Commission for the Supervision of
Business Competition in E-Tendering organized by Government Procurement of Goods
and Services Agency. This study aims to determine the role of The Commission for the
Supervision of Business Competition in E-Tendering organized by Government
Procurement of Goods and Services Agency. The method of this study uses normative
legal research, that focuses on examining the norms of positive law. The result of the
research shows that the role The Commission for the Supervision of Business
Competition of in E-Tendering process is not maximal because during the law
enforcement process E-Tendering is only refers to the usual tende. Therefore the
supervisory function is not maximal and Head of Government Procurement of Goods and
Services Agency Regulation have not involved in the supervision process of The
Commission for the Supervision of Business Competition the access that used into data
base on the have auction is missing.


Development of irreversible pulmonary hypertension in D-transposition of the great arteries (D-TGA) with ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a well-known phenomenon. Coexistence of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) should theoretically protect the patient against pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Application of the Blalock-Taussig shunt (B-TS) temporarily improves condition of the patient, but may contribute to irreversible PAH requiring palliative complex therapy. We present a case of a 18 year-old female with congenital complex heart defect: D-TGA with inflow VSD and subpulmonary stenosis, Eisenmenger syndrome, who was treated with several subsequent palliative cardiosurgical operations, including B-TS and Senning procedure and eventually, combined PAH-specific therapy, what resulted in stabilization of clinical status. JRCD 2016; 3 (1): 14–16


The size of phytoplankton species present in the ocean may be in part determined by environmental and Dhvsioloeical factors as demonstrated with two phytoplankters, DityZum brightwellii and Cokblithu~ huxleyi.


Sport provides many benefits to all who participate, from being socially mobile, to challenging one's physical abilities. It offers opportunities for individual improvement in quality of life, self-confidence, and socialization. The National Senior Games Association (NSGA) exists to assist seniors (50+) in achieving a greater quality of life through activity and positive lifestyle opportunities. As interest in the area of sport motivation for senior adults continues to expand, there is still little information specific to the National Senior Games participants. This research contributes to the sport management literature by providing the basis of generalized information about NSGA participant demographic backgrounds and how they are motivated to participate in the individual state games held each year. Gaining pertinent information concerning the motivations of senior games participants, this study sought to identify specific motivation levels based on gender and the state of participation that may assist local and state organizations in the development and growth of similar events. Using the Sport Motivation Scale-6, demographic, and psychographic information results indicated that participants in different states are motivated differently and that participation is more personally important to women. Both genders were involved for the opportunity to challenge their abilities, improve or maintain their current health, and have a social connection to others.

Keywords: Senior Sports, National Senior Games, Older Adults, Motivation


OFDM systems are susceptible to receiver impairments like frequency offset, IQ imbalance and phase noise. In this paper, OFDM channel estimation in the presence of these impairments is studied, and an iterative algorithm is proposed to jointly estimate the channel coefficients and the impairment parameters. It is shown by computer simulations that the algorithm performs close to its associated Cramer-Rao lower bound.


The performance of the Standard Cirrus glider is simulated using a Computational Fluid Dynamics code, solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations for steady flow. To calculate the transitional boundary layer flow a correlatio nbased transition model is used. It is found that the numerical model is able to predict the performance of the Standard Cirrus well. The simulations using the transition model are found to improve the results compared to fully turbulent simulations, except for the region of the stall. The best in- flight measured glide ratio for the Standard Cirrus is 36.5 at 94.5 km/h. The simulations using the transition model predict a best glide ratio of 38.5 at 95 km/h.


We introduce a coding/decoding scheme matched to a "vertical" BLAST architecture; a code has its words evenly split among the transmit antennas. The subcodes so transmitted by each antenna are decoded in sequence to cancel the spatial interference while a final decoding step is performed on the whole code. We also examine the behavior of zero-forcing (ZF) and minimum-mean- square error (MMSE) BLAST by comparing their error proba- bilities with those resulting from optimum, i.e., maximum-likeli- hood (ML), processing. Since, with vertical BLAST, ordering of the columns of the channel-gain matrix is crucial, we also study the performance of algorithms intended to find an optimal (or mildly suboptimal) ordering. Index Terms—Antenna arrays, MIMO systems, space-time codes.


A new vortex method is proposed for two-dimensional incompressible viscous flows. The method is based on a use of the so-called diffusion velocity and remains completely Lagrangian (grid-free). The original diffusion vortex method (Ogami and Akamatsu, 1991 [1]) and its modified versions (Shintani and Akamatsu, 1994 [2]) are questioned and corrected in a way such that the circulation is truly conserved as it should be when convected at both the fluid velocity and the diffusion velocity. This new method is not claimed better due to its low computational efficiency but claimed to be the physically accurate one. It is also shown analytically that the core expansion rate in the present method is a little slower than that of the core expansion scheme (Leonard, 1980 [3]), and thus the resolution can be expected to be higher, when the ratio of the distance between neighboring particles to the core size of the vortex particles is less than 1.13.


The objective of the study is to examine finns characteristics associated with aggregate financial disclosure practiees of listed Indian manufacturing and trading companies for the financial year 1999-2000. Eight research hypothesis were developed. lt is hypothesised that finn size, size of the audit finn, leverage, multinational company influence, and capital increase will be positively associated with disclosure of financial information by Indian compani\ls, while ownership diffusion, liquidity and profitability will have no association with disclosure of financial information by Indian companies. Two types of disclosure indexes (weighted and the unweighted index) were constructed for measuring disclosure. Weights were assigned to the index based on the perception of financial analysts. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted on the sample of 55 Indian companies using two models (Model 1 for unweighted index and Model 2 for weighted index). It was found that disclosure is positively associated with firm size, ownership diffusion, profitability and marginally with capital increase. All the othm' variables were found to have no effect on disclosure. In this study it was expected that the use of weights would improve the explanatory power of the models. However, no differenct:s were noted between the results from weighted and unweighted disclosure index. Both Model 1 anrl Model 2 had indicated similar results.


The ancient fabrics of ancient palaces represented by ksour in the desert Algerian have architectural and urban characteristics similar to hose of many cities along the sub-Saharan Africa, that researchers call "Saharan urbanism or desert." These features are related to public spaces within the palaces which are considered as str ong urban elements that ensure the links between the different units of the fabric and struct ure of the palace where the social cohesion and exchanges between residents happens. The ksar is a striking example, who lived the same c ircumstances, but this architectural heritage remains marginalized and not integrated in urban projects in the city, or supported by the local community in development plans to restore and improve living conditions in this area palace. The impact of natural factors and intervent io of some residents of the palace to connect their homes to different networks without consideri ng the architectural value of this type of heritage and introduction of new building materials by some r esidents to repair or rebuild their homes without taking into consideration the architectural elements characterizing the palace are analysed. This state of the palace has led us to question the role currently played by traditional public spaces of ksar which are considered life art eries inside the it. How to act on the future of these spaces in order to preserve the identity expr essed through each of these components?


The article is devoted to the problem of improving accuracy of pedagogical evaluations. The given results allow one to make methodology of using imitational model of testing more precise. In return, such improvement allows one to improve the process of organizing and monitoring students' success in learning.


This paper describes an integrated system for real-time detection and tracking of pedestrians from a moving vehicle. We use stereo vision as the primary sensor, and show that this sensor has a number of practical advantages over monocular vision. These include the ability to quickly identify regions-of-interest in an image, classify these regions based on shape, and track detected pedestrians in three-dimensional world coordinates. This system can also utilize monocular appearance-based algorithms, using regions-of-interest with known scale to increase speed and reliability. Finally, stereo allows us to construct fast algorithms for detecting independent motion in a scene.


Flight software parameters enable space mission operators fine-tuned control over flight system configurations, enabling rapid and dynamic changes to ongoing science activities in a much more flexible manner than can be accomplished with (otherwise broadly used) configuration file based approaches. The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL), Curiosity, makes extensive use of parameters to support complex, daily activities via commanded changes to said parameters in memory. However, as the loss of Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) in 2006 demonstrated, flight system management by parameters brings with it risks, including the possibility of losing track of the flight system configuration and the threat of invalid command executions. To mitigate this risk a growing number of missions have funded efforts to implement parameter tracking parameter state software tools and services including MSL and the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission. This paper will discuss the engineering challenges and resulting software architecture of MSL's onboard parameter state tracking software and discuss the road forward to make parameter management tools suitable for use on multiple missions.


It has been realized for many years that the archaeological residues we excavate bear only an indirect relationship to the human activities and societies which we infer from them. On the site-scale, attempts have been made to understand artefact patterns using various techniques from mathematical models (Bradley 1970) to the so-called 'contextual approach' (Needham & Stigs0rensen 1988). As various cultural and natural processes intervene in the making of these patterns (Wood & Johnson 1978, Schiffer 1987), we require some means of assessing, and if possible quantifying their impacts. Initially, it was decided to study the natural processes, concentrating largely on the rôle of overland flow in the modification of assemblages. The working hypothesis involved is that if we can isolate the natural processes we can eliminate their effects when making cultural interpretations. Overland flow was chosen as the predominant force in the semi-arid environment in which we are working. The approach outlined in this paper involves three major areas:


Uncertainty quantification is crucial for the deployment of image restoration models in safety-critical domains, like autonomous driving and biological imaging. To date, methods for uncertainty visualization have mainly focused on per-pixel estimates. However, a heatmap of per-pixel variances is typically of little practical use, as it does not capture the strong correlations between pixels. A more natural measure of uncertainty corresponds to the variances along the principal components (PCs) of the posterior distribution. Theoretically, the PCs can be computed by applying PCA on samples generated from a conditional generative model for the input image. However, this requires generating a very large number of samples at test time, which is painfully slow with the current state-of-the-art (diffusion) models. In this work, we present a method for predicting the PCs of the posterior distribution for any input image, in a single forward pass of a neural network. Our method can either wrap around a pre-trained model that was trained to minimize the mean square error (MSE), or can be trained from scratch to output both a predicted image and the posterior PCs. We showcase our method on multiple inverse problems in imaging, including denoising, inpainting, super-resolution, and biological image-to-image translation. Our method reliably conveys instance-adaptive uncertainty directions, achieving uncertainty quantification comparable with posterior samplers while being orders of magnitude faster. Examples are available at https://eliasnehme.github.io/NPPC/


The synergy between language sciences and language technology has been an elusive one for the computational linguistics community, especially when dealing with a language other than English. The reasons are two-fold: the lack of an accessible comprehensive and robust account of a specific language so as to allow strategic linking between a processing task to linguistic devices, and the lack of successful computational studies taking advantage of such links. With a fast growing number of available online resources, as well as a rapidly increasing number of members of the CL community who are interested in and/or working on Chinese language processing, the time is ripe to take a serious look at how knowledge of Chinese can help Chinese language processing.


Purpose – A monopolistic relationship between utilities and their customers creates a unique relational context in which the basic assumption of one's ability to terminate a relationship with an unsatisfactory relationship partner is violated. The purpose of this paper is to examine how attitudinal and behavioral outcomes are influenced by relational gap as the discrepancy between the expected relationships under deregulation and the experienced public relationships under monopolistic completion.Design/methodology/approach – With this purpose, an online survey was conducted with customers of a monopolistic utility provider; a sample of 1,145 adults living in the region was provided from an academic online panel database project for research participants, yielding a response rate of 32 percent.Findings – The key findings are that, among the four relational outcomes, control mutuality and satisfaction showed the biggest and significant shift to higher levels of performance expectations under competition tha...


Model-based traffic state estimation is used to reproduce traffic flow states from available observation data to assist traffic control and management. Owing to temporal and spatial observation limitations, numerous unknown traffic states and parameters exist in a nonlinear traffic flow model. These cannot be accurately estimated using filter methods with unavoidable parametric assumptions. In addition, the difficulty of estimation increases owing to an increased number of diverse traffic flow states and more unfavorable observation conditions at signalized intersections compared with those on the freeway. To overcome these problems, in this study, we developed switching state-space models to approximate the description of dynamic traffic flows at signalized intersections. By setting the traffic flow rate at the upstream and downstream boundaries of the road as observation data, we constructed a Bayesian learning framework in which all unknown variables in the models can be learned from the observed data. Finally, the utility of our method is demonstrated with the synthetic and the real NGSIM data. The result demonstrated that the proposed method could perform reasonably well in estimating the traffic flow dynamic process and states at signalized intersections, and could constitute an efficient scheme that avoids critical dependence on parametric calibrations and assumptions.


A vector model of magnetic hysteresis in biaxial anisotropy structures is presented, in which magnetoelastic effects are explicitly taken into account. The magnetization vector of individual grains is forced to lie along one of the easy axis, and jumps from one easy direction to another one controlled by the sum of the external field and magnetoelastic energy. Hysteresis effects are described by an energy barrier opposing magnetization switching and the total response of the system is obtained by averaging the local magnetization over all grains. Model predictions are compared with experimental results on the hysteresis properties of Si–Fe alloys under compressive stress.


The knowledge on the fluid phase equilibria of asymmetric systems, i.e., systems with significant differences in molecular size and energetic interactions, is important for the design and development of new processes and technologies. In this work, a systematic procedure was used to obtain the mathematical conditions that describe special phase equilibrium points. Also, algorithms for the calculation of phase equilibrium hyper-lines were implemented. Besides, strategies for parameterizing models of the equation of state type were proposed and studied. Local extrema in phase equilibrium isopleths and/or isotherms and/or isobars, i.e., CriConDenBar (CCB), CriConDenTherm (CCT) and CriConDenComp (CCC) points, were considered together with the associated retrograde, dual retrograde and double retrograde behaviors. To study the above mentioned phenomena, on one hand, a general methodology, which is based on implicit derivation, was used to obtain the mathematical conditions of local extremum, for hyper-lines of any type, such as isopleths, isotherms, isobars, critical lines, liquid-liquid-vapor lines, etcetera. Besides, this methodology made it possible to demonstrate the simultaneous existence of pairs of local extrema, in different sections of the phase equilibrium surfaces, and to establish a simple way of identifying the nature of the coexisting extrema. On the other hand, robust calculation algorithms, based on numerical continuation methods, were developed for computing loci of local extrema, which are hyper-lines that exist in multidimensional spaces, and can be highly nonlinear. Calculation results are presented for hyper-lines of varying types. They correspond either to CCB, CCT and CCC loci, or to the quantification of the ability with which a model approaches the values of key phase equilibrium coordinates. The results for the CCB, CCT and CCC loci made possible to detect and quantify the three types of retrograde behavior previously mentioned. Additionally, different non-conventional strategies for parameterizing equations of state were developed. For this, the definition and classification of key points of the global phase equilibrium diagrams was considered (Global Phase Behaviour Approach) together with the parameterization by exact reproduction of a number of key experimental phase equilibrium coordinates, or by optimization-based parameter estimation. Different alternatives for the exact reproduction of key coordinates, together with implicit and semi-implicit optimization approaches considered as particular cases of a unified formalism, were studied. Results of the application of such parameter estimation strategies are presented for asymmetric binary systems such as methane + n-alkane, CO2 + n-alkane and water + n-alkane. The results show that the careful selection of experimental data coupled to proper optimization strategies make possible to minimize the level of user intervention during the estimation of parameters for models of the equation of state type.


Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanisms of Manpenxiaoyan Decoction(MPXYD) on rat with chronic endometritis.Methods: Rat models with chronic endometritis were established by inoculating admixed bacteria into endometrium and mycoplasma into vagina.Seventy SD model rats were randomly divided into 7 groups: blank control group,model group,Fulechongji group,doxycycline group,and low-,medium-,and high-dose MPXYD groups,10 in each.Each group was intragastrically given the corresponding agents.Pathological changes of the endometrium were observed.The serum level of IL-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2) and tissue inhibitors of meralloproteinase-2(TIMP-2) in endometrial tissue were determined.Results: MPXYD reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in endometrium,elevated IL-2,and reduced the expression of MMP-2 and the ratio of MMP-2 to TIMP-2.Conclusion: MPXYD may cure chronic endometritis by reducing inflammation and degrading basement membrane of blood vessels.


Abstract: Sediment processes of entrainment, transport and deposition are largely controlled by the bed shear stress produced by the hydrodynamic conditions. In this study co-located measurements of hydrodynamics and suspended sediments are presented and analysed from data collected at Sea Palling, UK, a sandy coastal region protected by nearshore parallel breakwaters. A parametric formulation for bottom stress provided both wave and current stress components which showed that waves are the dominant factor. These stresses were later used to perform reference concentration prediction which showed a clear underestimation under low wave activity probably due to advection processes but good agreement for the more intense wave events. Considering the uncertainties of the input data the empirical/parametric models used in the present study successfully reproduce the main properties of the stress and the suspended sediments under sandy beach conditions.


The theme of thesis is - Typology of victims and the most common causes of domestic violence. The aim is to obtain and process the necessary information about the issue of domestic violence and process interviews with victims of domestic violence. And these interviews further processed into individual cases interpretation. The work is divided into four chapters. The first chapter describes the domestic violence. The second main chapter is focused on the victims of domestic violence. In the third chapter are informations about how to help victims of domestic violence. And in the fourth chapter are process the cases interpetation and interviews with victims of domestic violence.


Because retail consumers are difficult to authenticate, they are difficult to manage, it leads the credit management of C2C e-commerce is very difficult. At present, most C2C e-commerce transactions are considered too simple in the credit evaluation algorithm, it can't really reflect the integrity of the user. In this paper proposes the credit evaluation algorithm based on iterative principle bases on transaction history, on the basis of considering the transaction amount, the transaction time and the credibility of the users, with the method of iterative calculation, give full consideration to the effects of time of credit for the success of the deal to provide reliable basis, it can effectively distinguish malicious users and integrity users, thus reducing the credit fraud behavior, such as improving the security of C2C e-commerce.


Objective To study the values of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) for the treatment of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome ( MODS) induced by sepsis. Methods A total of 62 patients with MODS were divided into three groups, namely non-CRRT group, short period CRRT group (24 ~ 48 h) and long period CRRT group( >48 h). Relevant factors including organ function, plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1),sepsis-related organ failure assessment(SOFA)score, average length of survival time and accumulative survival rate were analyzed . Results Compared with non-CRRT group, a statistically significant difference in SOFA score was evident on the 4th day after long period CRRT group and on the 6th day after short period CRRT group. The survival rates of three groups on the third day after treatment were 56. 3% 、 83.3% and 88.9%, respectively (P 0.05). The average lengths of survival time in three groups were(4.4 ±2.6)days, (9.5 ±6. l)days and (10.3 ±5.4)days, respectively. Compared with non-CRRT group, the average lengths of survival time were longer in the other two groups. The levels of serum ET-1 significantly decreased after CRRT treatment (P<0.05). Conclusions The organ function and survival rate could be improved by CRRT. Average lengths of survival time were significantly prolonged in two CRRT groups(P <0.05). More effective therapeutic results including lower SOFA score and longer average length of survival time were observed when the course of CRRT was extended longer properly.

Key words:
Sepsis;  Continuous renal replacement therapy;  Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome


Unidos magazine was published between 1983 and 1991 by a group of peronist militants and directed by Carlos "Chacho" Alvarez. Its aim was to reinstall peronism in the context of the "return to democracy". In this


Due to rapid modernization the energy resources are depleting rapidly throughout the world while the energy demand is rising steadily. The crude oil price has soared upto $140.0 per barrel that has triggered the use of renewable energy recourses. Pakistan particular is the most energy deficient country where a shortfall of as high as 4500 MW is recorded in the recent year. The Renewable Energy Technologies (RET's) are important and had gained the prime importance these days with specific focus on solar and wind power. This paper highlights the challenges and opportunities for wind power in Pakistan. The wind potential in different areas has been explored, including a vital area of about 9700 km2 in Sindh. Wind power is a new energy resource in Pakistan's history, uptil now main resources are Fossil Fuel contributing 65%, hydel 33% and nuclear only 2% respectively. Wind is an environment friendly resource and its appreciable contribution will be achieved in future. Paper analyses the present energy scenario through wind power in Pakistan and leads to future progress in order to secure energy security in the country.


This work presents an image vectorization application aimed to exploit features found in most of today's modern architectures. Design decisions supported by performance results are presented along with use cases for the proposed solution. We will present the algorithm, the target architectures and threading models, as well as a number of optimization techniques. Finally results of both low power SoC and high performance multicore processors are discussed.


Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is the sole polymeric material currently used for weight-bearing surfaces in total joint arthroplasty. However, the wear phenomenon of UHMWPE in knee and hip prostheses after total joint arthroplasty is one of the major restriction factors on the longevity of these implants. In the microscopic surface observation of the virgin knee prosthesis, microscopic machining grooves caused by the machining process were observed on the surface of the UHMWPE tibial insert. The authors focused on the machining grooves as a factor influencing the wear mechanism of UHMWPE. The 3D microscopic surface profile measurement and reproduction of the surface of the UHMWPE tibial insert were performed to produce finite element models of the machining grooves based on actual measurement data. Elasto-plastic finite element contact analyses between UHMWPE microscopic surface model with machining grooves and the metallic femoral component were also performed to investigate the mechanical state and wear behavior of UHMWPE surface zone with the machining grooves. The analytical findings of this study suggest that the machining grooves of the UHMWPE tibial insert are one of the important factors influencing the microscopic failure and/or microscopic wear behavior of the UHMWPE tibial insert in the knee prosthesis after total knee replacement.


The magnetic field dependence of submillimeter wave propagation in a two-layer parallel-plate waveguide containing n-type or p-type InSb slab has been experimentally studied at 526 GHz and 671 GHz. In each case, a resonant peak appeared on the transmission corresponding to the theoretically predicted slow surface wave resonance. Particularly with n-InSb, nonreciprocity of at least 20 dB was experimentally observed for transmission at the applied magnetic field of 0.2 T.


This study explores the effects of local site conditions on seismic site response and investigates the validity of the site classification system and the response spectra in codes, with a focus on the Australian earthquake loading standard. The results show that the averaging process used to derive the design spectra in existing codes has led, in general, to an underestimation of the site response. A new systematic method is proposed for obtaining the displacement response spectra based on the correlations between the initial and degraded fundamental natural site period and amplification factors. Modifications to the site classification system are also recommended.


The main task of elections in a democratic state is not only to elect representatives of power, but also to ensure the legitimacy of newly elected persons and the political system as a whole. Today, elections are one of the most democratic ways for voters to freely express their opinion in matters of appointing the heads of legislative and executive bodies of power. Consequently, the most important and indispensable condition for a democratic system is free elections. Elections are designed to perform functions such as electing a new political elite, resolving conflicts, reflecting the interests and opinions of various peoples, social strata and groups of society, mobilizing the population to support party programs and social values, etc. PR-technologies occupy a special place in election campaigns. In this regard, the article examines PR-technologies used by parties in the 2020 parliamentary elections in Kyrgyzstan. The study covers the time period from September 4 to October 3, 2020. As part of the study, a linguistic analysis of information posted on the official websites and social pages of parties, media reports and reports of relevant organizations was carried out. Based on the results of the study, a number of practical recommendations have been developed that must be taken into account during the next parliamentary and presidential elections.


Density functional theory was used to study the effects of alloying Pd-Cu membranes on the binding energy of several hydrogen and sulfur containing molecules. The purpose of this study was to determine the benefits of alloying a Pd-Cu membrane for the purposes of hydrogen separation. It was found that the binding energy of most adsorbates decreased with the addition of copper to the membrane, regardless of the position of the copper layer. This results in a decrease in the total production of hydrogen in exchange for a cheaper, more resilient membrane.


We characterize the fractal dimension of images of overlapping ellipses for varying eccentricity values. Using the Box-Counting Method, we calculated the fractal dimensions of a synthetic (images of overlapping ellipses) and natural data set (images of green peas). A non-linear relation between the number of ellipses and the fractal dimension was found for all eccentricity values. Upon normalization with the area fraction, the best fit curve was found to be N−α where 0.5 ≤ α ≤ 0.57. A similar trend between the fractal dimension and number of objects was also observed for the natural data.


Goal of this work is the consistent description of elastic Compton scattering from the single nucleon and the deuteron. The theoretical framework chosen is Chiral Perturbation Theory, which is the low-energy formulation of Quantum Chromodynamics, where we extend the spectrum of active degrees of freedom from only pions and nucleons to also the Delta(1232) resonance. In the deuteron sector, we treat the nucleon-nucleon interaction non-perturbatively. Besides the Compton cross sections, our main concern is with the nucleon polarizabilities, which are a useful tool to describe the reaction of the internal nucleonic degrees of freeedom to the external electromagnetic field. Experimentally, only a few nucleon polarizabilities are known. Especially our present knowledge of the neutron polarizabilities is not satisfying. The reason why it is so difficult to determine these quantities experimentally is the finite lifetime of the free neutron. Therefore, we want to contribute to the ongoing discussion of the neutron polarizabilities by fitting the average over proton and neutron polarizabilities to the elastic deuteron Compton-scattering data. Similarly, we determine the proton polarizabilities from fits to the single-proton Compton data. We finally combine both results in order to identify the neutron polarizabilities.


In the paper, we investigate the Hoede-Bakker index - the notion which computes the overall decisional 'power' of a player in a social network. It is assumed that each player has an inclination (original decision) to say 'yes' or 'no' which, due to influence of other players, may be different from the final decision of the player. The main drawback of the Hoede-Bakker index is that it hides the actual role of the influence function, analyzing only the final decision in terms of success and failure. In this paper, we further investigate the Hoede-Bakker index, proposing an improvement which fully takes into account the mutual influence among players. A global index which distinguishes an influence degree from a 'power' index is analyzed. We define weighted influence indices, in particular, a possibility influence index which takes into account any possibility of influence, and a certainty influence index which expresses certainty of influence. We consider different influence functions and study their properties.


An effective numerical algorithm is developed to simulate extension of the interlaminar delamination in a laminated composite based on the three dimension al finite element method. As use of the conjugate gradient or ICCG method to solve a system of linear equations minimizes occupation of memory space in computation, matrix of linear equations is made to be symmetric for contact problems on the delaminated interface of the composite. The extension of the interlaminar delamination is simulated in a cross-ply laminated composite with four layers under concentrated load on the center of the composite. Distribution of deflection on the laminated composite with the delamination is also shown graphically.


The paper presented here is a collaborative work of two specialists: professor of mathematics Dr. Tatyana Flesher and professor of computer graphics and multimedia Mr. Leonid Knizhnik. This is an attempt to turn mathematical educational process to (as we call it) natural-historical way with wide usage of modern technology. The natural developmental path of mathematics is to start with the conceptual practical necessity of certain calculations and then search for formal solution methods. However, teaching mathematics proceeds in the opposite manner: the didactic theoretical aspect of the subject is introduced first and only afterwards are there (perhaps) presented the practical applications. This approach to teaching mathematics is utterly acceptable for those who are already familiar with the subject. But it is questionable whether this approach is much of any real use to beginners. Psychologists have found that when little children learn something about the real world, their learning processes are strikingly similar to those of humankind in its early stages development. In both cases, tactile perceptions are the primary basis for recognition of forms. Once a particular form has been grasped and made familiar, a name will be given it later according to the sensation it evokes. Traditional textbooks in mathematics lead from the abstract to the concrete, a process that presets a certain transition phase (a kind of " learning " gap) to students. Indeed, students frequently find that even though they have little or no familiarity or experience with a given mathematical topic, they must be able to grasp the abstract concept, generalize it, and then apply it to actual problems. This is the traditional method of organizing and presenting mathematics instruction. But, in general, it only yields good results when the learner already possesses a well-developed ability to abstract form and structure or when the learner has what might be called a natural talent or capability for abstraction. If learners can successfully get past this transition phase, they develop confidence and interest in the subject. If, however, the transition phase cannot be gotten past in a reasonable amount of time and with a reasonable amount of effort, learners experience a sense of frustration and failure; and, as a result, tend to reject any later work with the subject. Thus, for these students, mathematics is likely to forever be terra incognita. The natural path of learning mathematics, the path that leads from experience to abstraction (and not the …


In this article I argue for two propositions. The first is that Lukes has established the possibility of power's third face, but that the most interesting social science questions about it are empirical: How often does it operate and under what conditions? These are topics for empirical research, not armchair reflection. The second proposition I defend is that the most interesting normative questions about power are best thought of as questions of institutional design geared to preventing domination without interfering with the legitimate exercise of power. Examples in support of both propositions are supplied.


The ability to propagate the uncertainty information during image processing can be very important in different applications. Detecting edges are an important pre-processing step in image analysis. Best results of image analysis extremely depend on edge detection. Edge detectors are intended to detect and localize the boundaries or silhouettes of objects appearing in images. Up to now many edge detection methods have been developed. But it may have some weaknesses in correct detection of the scope of complications for aerial images or medical images, because of the high variation rate in these images. This paper introduces a verification framework to detect edges based on interval techniques using measuring diversity of pixel's intensity and randomness of intensity distribution within the framework of information theory.


This paper introduces the Virtual Beergarden as a virtual meeting place for agents and users. The agents behavior is controlled by a behavior control component, which allows testing different theories of social group dynamics. Agents interact via natural language that is generated by a statistical language component and takes into account the social interaction categories and the social relationships between agents. The user can freely navigate and interact with the other agents relying on the above mentioned components. An evaluation shows if the user can really be integrated in the agents' social group dynamics.


Book Title: A Natural History of Domesticated Mammals (2nd edn) Book Author :  Juliet Clutton-Brock 1999. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Pp. 238. Price: hardback, £60.00, ISBN 0521 63247 1; paperback, £22.95, ISBN 0521 63495 4.


The results of the study of the adsorption of aromatic compounds on a smooth platinum electrode at a constant adsorption potential have been generalised. The main parameters of the adsorption (the adsorption rate constants, the adsorbability, and the maximum coverage of the surface by adsorbed products) are satisfactorily correlated with the molecular refraction of the adsorbed molecules


The voltage decreases significantly at the generator leads if a short circuit occurs near the power rails of a power plant. In this case thyristor self-excitation system that use rated algorithms and forcing-state parameters in some cases might not be able to force by raising the voltage and the excitation current. Voltage collapses, and the generator loses its excitation and turns off. It is not difficult to alter the forcing algorithm in microprocessor-controlled systems. It is therefore interesting to find out whether it is possible to save the generator in the power system by using a higher-than-2x current-forcing ratio or a ratio that adapts to the resulting system impedance. The paper investigates how generator-lead voltages depend on the resulting system impedance in case of short-circuits; analysis is done for various current-forcing ratios, with analyzed generators varying both in power and by the excitation system type. It is shown that ratios or current-forcing durations might be altered to expand the zone wherein short-circuits do not result in voltage collapse and excitation loss. Altering the generator forcing ratio can make power plants and systems generally more reliable.


The solid state properties of the title compound are described. The material undergoes a metal to insulator transition at 86 K which is not driven by spin density waves. The metal to insulator transition is reflected by very sharp changes in conductivity and magnetic susceptibility.


This paper examines whether policy outcomes differ under politicians with business experience. Using a regression discontinuity analysis for mayoral elections in Brazilian municipalities in the period 2004-2012, I find that business experience per se does not affect public finance, public employment, the number of subsidized sectors or the level of corruption. However, a separate analysis for entrepreneurs and merchants, the two main business-groups in the sample, shows that only relatively "high level" businesspeople with proper management expertise can significantly impact policy outcomes. In light of this, I find that entrepreneurs are likely to attract more transfers from higher government levels and therefore, increase the municipality's total revenue. This in turn allows them to raise total expenditure and hire more direct active administration employees. On the contrary, I do not observe any significant effect when a merchant becomes mayor. JEL classification: R5, H71, H72, D72.


The SHEFEX II sounding rocket vehicle comprised a two stage VS40 motor combination, whereby the first stage was passively aerodynamically stabilized by canted fins but the spinning second stage motor and payload, was repointed before ignition and controlled during its burn phase by a two axis, cold gas, precession attitude control system. The result was a suppressed trajectory with greatly reduced dispersion, which provided a significant increase in the time available for the re-entry thermal protection and canard guidance experiments and improved the possibility for down range tracking and data retrieval as well as sea recovery of the payload.


Objective To observe the expressing characteristic of CK 5/6 and CK 14 in extramammary Paget′s disease(EMPD),and discuss the biological of them.Methods The distribution and expression of CK5/6 and CK14 in 34 patients with EMPD and 20 normal control was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results CK 5/6 and CK 14 mainly diffused express in full-thickness epidermis in EMPD patients,and the positive rates were 91.17% and 88.24% respectively.Conclusions CK 5/6 and CK 14 may play a certain role in the source of EMPD tissue.It is speculated that the tumor cells of EMPD might come from the differentiated epidermal stem cells in basal cell layer.


Heart Rate Variability (HRV) has become a marker for various health and disease conditions. Photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors integrated in wearable/portable devices such as smart watches and phones are widely used to measure heart activities. HRV requires accurate estimation of time interval between consecutive peaks in the PPG signal. Artifacts often degrade the quality of the PPG signal, which could lead to wrong HRV estimation. In this paper, we present an adaptive real-time approach that employs Linear Prediction analysis (LPC) and Wavelet transformation techniques for estimating HRV from PPG signal recorded by wearable devices. Our algorithm outperforms two other related algorithms, especially for low PPG signal to noise ratio. By comparing the proposed algorithm to the ground truth recorded simultaneously from ECG, an average temporal resolution of 8.7 ms was achieved with a sensitivity of 82.9% and a positive predictive value of 82.7%.


The issue of pose state estimate of mobile robots based on extended Kalman filter(EKF) and particle filter is studied.Because EKF must assume that the noise is subject to Gaussian distribution,the estimate accuracy is not so good if it is used to estimate the state of complicated nonlinear system.Particles filter(PF) has no restriction to the noise type and it is an effective approximate method for the state estimate of nonlinear systems.Under various noise conditions,the comparative studies for the pose state estimate of mobile robots have been done based on EKF and PF,respectively.Simulation results show that particle filter effectively improves the robustness of the pose state estimate and localization precision of(mobile) robots.


ENTERIC bacteria belonging to the genus Yersinia occur worldwide in domestic livestock, wild animals and the natural environment. Several Yersinia species are of significant animal and public health importance, such as Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, the causative agents of yersiniosis in human beings and animals, and Yersinia pestis, which causes plague (Neubauer and others 2000a, 2001a, b). This short communication describes a study to evaluate the habitat and prevalence of Yersinia species in wild red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Norway.


Author's summary Drug-coated balloons (DCBs) emerged as an attractive treatment option for femoropopliteal artery disease. However, achieving the best outcome with DCB needed proper vessel preparation. Thus, the reduction and modification of atherosclerotic plaques by atherectomy were suggested. This study investigated the efficacy of atherectomy in native femoropopliteal artery disease compared with DCB alone using two-center cohorts. As a result, the pretreatment with atherectomy improved the technical success of DCB treatment; however, it was associated with increased minor complications. Additionally, atherectomy plus DCB showed no clinical benefit regarding TLR-free survival or clinical patency compared with DCB treatment alone.


This paper presents how to use finite element procedure ABAQUS to conduct the fracture fi-nite element analysis for tee with longitudinal through-wall crack,and focuses on the establishment of com-putation model and calculation method of J-integral.The finite element computation results are compared with the therotical results for the straight pipe,which showes that the two results are almost the same.This indicates that the method,input and singular element which used to calculate J-integral are correct.The methods and processes can be used to analyze J-integral of tee with longitudinal through-wall crack by ABAQUS.


Emerging demands for high data rate services and high spectral efficiency are the key driving forces for the continued technology evolution in wireless communications. Third generation (3G) mobile communication systems have already been commercially deployed in certain parts of the world to meet the initial demand for high data rate packet-based services including wireless internet access third Generation Partnership Project(3GPP) of HSPA+ with releases 5 and 6 for downlink and for uplink. The number of HSPA+ enhancements is included in the 3GPP release7 providing high efficiency in networks for end user. To meet the demand for higher data rates and better coverage of wireless networks without increasing bandwidth or acquiring expensive frequency bands, an emerging technology called multiple input multiple output (MIMO) has appeared. MIMO is capable of significantly increasing wireless data throughput to achieve high data rates. Major limitations in MIMO are power allocation, the discrete power allocation game for the fast fading access channel. Each player or transmitter chooses its own transmit power policy from a certain finite set to optimize its individual transmission rate. Here the analysis and optimization of IDMA system using HSPA technology with MIMO implementation was considered. IDMA technique is utilized here for implementation of equal and unequal power allocation for HSPA systems.


Sturrock wrote of the prose style of writers such as Barthes, Derrida and Foucault: they simply do not agree that clarity is the universal virtue or imperative their critics claim it to be. They write, it should be remembered, in a country where clarity (la clarté) has been regarded as a national virtue, the mark (or sign) of a truly French mind. In the French educational world it has been a fetish, a fine example of a cultural value masquerading as a natural one. It was one of Barthe's earlier acts to


Low-frequency (LF) noise in a vertically stacked nanowire (VS-NW) memory device, which is based on the silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) configuration is characterized in two different operational modes, an inversion-mode and a junctionless-mode (JM). The LF noise showed 1/f -shape behavior regardless of the operational mode and followed the carrier number fluctuation model. With regard to the device-to-device variation and quality degradation of the LF noise after iterative program/erase operations, the five-story JM SONOS memory showed comparatively high immunity arising from its inherent bulk conduction and no-junction feature. Despite the harsh fabrication condition used to construct five-story VS-NW, even the five-story JM SONOS memory exhibited LF noise characteristics comparable to those of one-story JM SONOS memory. Thus, the five-story JM SONOS memory is attractive due to its high-performance capabilities and good scalability.


To evaluate the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality over the course of 10 years among the more than 160,000 postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) in relation to self‐reported rheumatoid arthritis (RA), taking disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti‐CCP) positivity, rheumatoid factor (RF) positivity, CVD risk factors, joint pain, and inflammation (white blood cell count and interleukin‐6 levels).


The talk reviews recent results from high-power high-speed photodiodes. Waveguide photodiodes and integrated photodiode-antenna emitters for 100 GHz are described.


To meet the requirements of process information integration and monitoring for production process of metallurgical industry, the web based production process information integration and monitoring system was developed.This system, which based on fast Ethernet networks for data transmission channel and developing of I/O port, real-time database, data entry and reporting systems as well as related software, share the information of production process and the data from laboratory, check and monitor real-time process, analysis of production process to optimize process.


The middle Ordovician Majiagou Formation,which mainly consists of micritic dolomite and limestone,and evaporates,deposited in a restricted epeiric carbonate platform with high salinity in the Ordos basin,China.A part of rocks were reformed into karst breccias by karstification.The δ18O and δ13C values for the whole rocks or hand-picked carbonate rocks in the middle Ordovician Majiagou Formation range from-16.0‰ to-1.9‰(average value =-8.5‰,VPDB) and from-16.1‰ to 4.83‰(average value=-0.90‰,VPDB),respectively.The δ18O and δ13C values for the laser-micro sampled carbonates in the Majiagou Formation range from-15.8‰ to-0.8‰(average value=-7.7‰,VPDB) and from-12.4‰ to 5.77‰(average value=-0.15‰,VPDB),respectively.Although the data measured by two sampling methods do not show the difference,the data measured by the later method give more information about different carbonate components.The originally deposited calcite and limestone have the maximum δ18O value of-5.8‰(VPDB),indicating that it would be δ18O values of original marine carbonates.This result is consistent with the published results of global stable isotope sequence.The means and minimums of the δ18O values for the originally deposited calcite and limestone are low due to meteoric leaching and burial diagenesis.The δ18O values of calcite cements filled in the dissolution pores are generally low under action of meteoric leaching and high temperature burial.The maximum of δ18O values for the originally deposited dolomite formed in the restricted environments with high salinity is obviously higher than that of the originally deposited calcite and limestone.The δ18O values for the dolomite filled in pores are generally low since its formation time was later.The maximum increase of δ13C values for the middle Ordovician marine carbonate in Ordos basin would be related to the increase of δ13C value for global marine water during late Ordovician,since the δ13C values for marine water in middle and later Ordovician onset increase.The low δ13C values for a part of samples are related with the organic carbon mixing.


The first German package design approval certificate for a dual purpose cask intended for loading with damaged spent nuclear fuel was issued recently. BAM as part of the competent authority system in Germany carried out a comprehensive assessment procedure with respect to the mechanical and thermal design, the release of radioactive material and the quality assurance aspects of manufacturing and operation. Packages for the transport and storage of radioactive material have been assessed by BAM for many years, thus the common assessment procedure is well-known and good practice. Up to now only SNF without defects or HLW with well-defined properties were designated for long-term Interim storage and transports afterwards. Due to Germany's nuclear phase out all other kinds of spent nuclear fuel in particular damaged spent nuclear fuel shall be packed as well. Damaged spent nuclear fuel needs a tight closure with Special encapsulations and clearly defined properties in Germany. In addition, these encapsulations shall be long-term durable, because they are not accessible after loading in a packaging within periodical inspections. The main difference to Standard package components is that encapsulations with a permanent closure achieve their specified conditions not after manufacturing but only during operation, after loading and closing. To ensure compliance with the specific conditions, special measures for quality assurance are necessary during operation of each encapsulation, e.g. drying and sealing, which were assessed by BAM. The present paper gives an overview of the conducted assessment from BAM and point out the findings concerning to the special closure lid of the approved encapsulation, which is screwed and welded. A wide verification concept is necessary to show the specific tightness under transport conditions. Together with quality assurance measures during first operation steps these encapsulations with damaged spent nuclear fuel can be handled like standard fuel assemblies in approved package designs.