Contents: PART I: SETTING THE STATE - HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN THE NONPROFIT SECTOR 1. Human Resource Management in the Nonprofit Sector: Passion, Purpose and Professionalism Ronald J. Burke 2. HRM in the Voluntary Sector Ian Cunningham 3. The Roles Nonprofit Organizations Play in Society in the United States Susan M. Chandler and Morgen Johansen PART II: HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND NONPROFIT EFFECTIVENESS 4. Reviewing the Literature on Leadership in Nonprofit Organizations John C. Ronquillo, Whitney E. Hein and Heather L. Carpenter 5. Nine Empirical Guidelines for Top Leadership Teams in Nonprofit Organizations Chris W. Coultas, Breanne Kindel, Stephanie Zajac and Eduardo Salas 6. The Heart of the Organization: Developing the Nonprofit Brand Stacy Landreth Grau and Susan Bardi Kleiser 7. Nonprofit Brands and Brand Management Nathalie Laidler-Kylander 8. Enhancing Learning and Skill Development Among Paid Staff and Volunteers in Nonprofit Organizations Jeannette Blackmar and Kelly LeRoux 9. Effectively Leading a Diverse Nonprofit Workforce Joy Jones and Dail Fields 10. Organizational Change in Nonprofit Organizations: Implications for Human Resource Management Thomas R. Packard PART III 11. University-based Education Programs in Nonprofit Management and Philanthropic Studies: Current State of the Field and Future Directions Roseane Mirabella and Mary McDonald


Female genital mutilation (FGM) comprises all procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. Female genital mutilation violates a series of well-established human rights principles norms and standards including the principles of equality and non-discrimination on the basis of sex the right to bodily integrity the right to life if the procedure results in death and the right to the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health. Given the fact that children are subjected to this procedure FGM also violates the rights of the child. The intense pressure many parents and communities exert on girls to accept it means that a childs decision to undergo female genital mutilation cannot be called free informed and uncoerced. The Convention on the Rights of the Child makes explicit reference to harmful traditional practices calling upon all countries to take effective and appropriate measures to abolish them. FGM is a harmful practice that negates IPPFs vision of "a world in which all women men and young people have access to the information and services they need; a world in which sexuality is recognized both as a natural and precious aspect of life and as a fundamental human right". The Federation will continue to uphold this belief through sustained efforts in partnership with other stakeholders to eliminate FGM.


The task of this paper is to discover the wisdom behind this Wolof proverb: "When one abandons one's own hill, the next hill which one climbs will crumble". This paper has shown that the hill is the environment, race, cultural precepts, maternal bond, and values of the characters themselves that inhibit intercultural marriage. The theoretical framework used in this article is mainly deconstructionist theory, nonetheless eclectic approach is accommodated because of the interpretation of the concept hill. The interpretations of what constitutes a hill affected some characters negatively so that they did not achieve their goals fully. Other characters did not allow cultural pull and family ties to overwhelm them. Cultural precepts like the formidable power wielded by mother in-laws, maternal bond, mother's culinary art, polygamy overwhelmed the protagonist to insanity. This paper recommends that mothers in-law should relax their maternal hold on their sons when they are married. The men who are not emotionally strong to withstand cultural pull should marry their own kinswomen.


Objective To establish a high performance liquid chromatography method for detecting the content of Vorinostat.Methods Luna-C18 column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) was used,with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphate buffer(27∶73 and 40∶60),and flow rate of 1.0 ml/min.The detection wavelength was 241 nm,the sample volumn was 20 μl,and the column temperature was 30 ℃.The ultraphonic extract time of sample was 20 min.Results The concentration of Vorinostat showed good linearity with peak area in the range of 24.66~295.92 μg/ml,r=0.999 9.The lowest determination limit was 10.07 ng/ml.The other methodology checking indicator were all well.Vorinostat was stable under high temperature and illumination,the degradation product of acid degradation,base degradation,oxidation degradation and the related substances such as aniline were all separated well from Vorinostat.Conclusion The method has high sensitivity and accuracy,good specificity,and can be used for quality control of Vorinostat.


E.coli and S.aureus are treated with the low-temperature plasma induced by the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) and dielectric barrier corona discharge (DBCD) respectively, it is found that the killing logarithms of the low-temperature plasma induced by DBD and DBCD on the two strains reached 5 within 90 s of exposure. DBCD decreases the number of the two strains faster than DBD. Both DBD and DBCD decreases the number of E.coli faster than those of S.aureus.


Based on DSP speed regulating motor system platform,we introduced a kind of hardware and software design of serial communication between TMS320LF2407 and PC.Also we elaborated the hardware implementation,communication protocols settings,and communication procedures programming.Practice proved that the program could effectively improve the reliability of serial communication.


The National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE) has moved from a set of standards in teacher preparation that is process-based to one which focuses not only on the performance of an accredited institution's students but also on the outcomes of P-12 students taught by graduates of these accredited institutions. Standard I summarizes this premise as follows: "Teacher candidates and candidates Preparing for roles other than teaching in schools know the content of their fields, demonstrate dispositions and professional and pedagogical knowledge and skills at levels expected by the profession; and have a positive effect on student learning." Under the new NCATE guidelines, accredited institutions must be "aligned" with such national professional organizations as the Interstate New Teacher Assessment and Support Consortium (INTASC) and the National Board for Professional Standards (NRPTS) as well as complying with all the licensure standards of the appropriate state departments of education. For each major in an academic discipline, accredited institutions also must conform to the standards of the nationally recognized specialty organizations. Under the new NCATE standards, which have been adopted by the Tennessee State Department of Education, graduates of accredited/approved institutions must "... demonstrate the dispositions, knowledge, and performance expectations of the INTASC standards at a level appropriate for novice teachers." In the past, it was sufficient to validate that graduates had completed coursework which covered content stipulated under the various standards; but under the new NCATE/state guidelines, program completers also must demonstrate mastery of essential precepts in a P-12 educational setting. Graduates also must demonstrate "... dispositions and knowledge related to diversity in their work with student populations and communities ...," and they must "... effectively integrate technology into instruction in support of student learning ..." Again, simply presenting evidence of having taken the appropriate courses will not suffice for future NCATE accreditations and state approvals. Graduates will be expected to validate their "dispositions" in a variety of ways. Effective Fall Semester 2001, highlighting process as evidence of excellence in its teacher preparation programs will no longer be enough for an institution. Instead, the performance of an institution's program completers and graduates and the performance of its students' students will be expected to meat acceptable standards in the national accreditation and state approval process. The University of Tennessee at Martin (UT Martin) has for many years recognized that, as a teacher preparation institution, it will be evaluated by its constituents not by how its students are taught but rather by what its graduates accomplish. In this sense, UT Martin has already aligned itself with the new NCATE/state standards. To document this alignment, the number of field experiences required in teacher education has increased for all disciplines, and the accountability of students assigned to these experiences has been better defined. In conjunction with their regular on-campus classes, students now are required to work and learn in their assigned P-12 classrooms under the mentorship of experienced teachers; and they must document their performance in portfolios which respond to accreditation/approval guidelines and UT Martin's conceptual framework. …


Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) has not been extensively used in gynecologic surgery. This approach may offer a safe, viable alternative for gynecological cases that might otherwise require a large laparotomy incision.


Electron-spin resonance was studied in the Cr 21 Ni 16 Mn 7 and Cr 20 Ni 16 Mn austenites with different content of nitrogen and carbon. Measurements were made in the temperature region 10-300 K. Temperature dependences were obtained for the absorption-derivative signal parameters such as the intensity I (T), the width ΔH (T), and the asymmetry parameter R (T). Theoretical analysis of the signal shape revealed that its temperature dependence is equivalent to its dependence on the inverse length of electron diffusion δ e through the skin layer δ, if the value (δδ e ) is constant while the temperature changes. The dependence of the electron-state density on the Fermi surface D (e F ) upon the solutes content is deduced from the fitting of theoretical and experimental curves I(T), ΔH(T) and R(T)


Three decades after the publication of Arlie Russell Hochschild's The Managed Heart, the processes of commodification of emotion she wrote about now reach into all areas of labor processes, extending even to private life and intimate relationships. The contributors to this volume take up her concepts to study the diversity of this economic intrusion into family, education, and nursing in the service sector as well as into corporate management. Aside from the powers and interests that force these developments, these essays argue, there are also productive uses and active resistances to them.


Currently, there are a number of environmental issues that are of global concern, such as global warming, acid rain and ozone layer depletion. The resulting damages are not necessarily confined to only the country where the pollutants are emitted. Hence, multiregional and multilateral cooperation is necessary to take measures against them. Empirical studies on emissions of transboundary pollutants have been performed since the 1990s. For instance, Fredriksson and Millimet (2002) presented an empirical study about measures for U.S. states' environmental policies on pollution abatement and control expenditures. They concluded that, with the introduction of relatively stringent regulations, states are forced to spend higher abatement costs owing to improvements by their neighbors. Murdoch et al. (1997) also reported an empirical study looking at specifications on the demand for voluntary emission reductions with a consideration of the spatial dispersion of the pollutants; nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulphur oxides (SOx). They discussed that the functional forms of the emissions for these two pollutants are different. In this paper, we perform an empirical study to clarify the importance of including time-series and spatial data together in their model and of the interdependency between the air pollutants. We found that current SOx and NOx emissions are related not only emissions from the proceeding year but also by neighboring countries' emissions. Additionally, we determined that a positive correlation exists the SOx and NOx emissions. From this study, we also observed that the interdependency among SOx emissions from different sources becomes smaller each year that passes. Finally, for NOx emissions, we saw that there is a stronger interdependency between the emissions from two countries that are located further apart.


The air decontamination device comprises a housing with an inlet port having a filter and an outlet port having a ventilator, in which an irradiation chamber with low-pressure mercury vapour lamps is formed, said chamber being provided at the inlet and the outlet with labyrinth-like screens, and a power supply is installed which is electrically connected to a control and indication unit, wherein the housing is demountable and is in the form of a thin-walled box-like body consisting of two identical trough-shaped half-housings connected about the perimeter and comprising a base and side walls, wherein mercury vapour lamps are secured to the base of the supporting half-housing at a distance from said base, the longitudinal axis of the lamps being offset from the plane of attachment and detachment in the direction of the other half-housing, namely the face panel. Furthermore, the power supply is situated in the middle region of the irradiation chamber between the base of the supporting half-housing and the mercury vapour lamps and is equipped with a protective box-like casing or screen which is mounted at a distance from the power supply and, likewise, from the panel of the supporting half-housing.


Making leaders more responsive to voters is a frequent goal of institutional reforms in democracies. Given that some citizens participate more in politics than others, however, there is a risk that increased responsiveness may conflict with another democratic value: the equality of policy outcomes. This article studies this trade-off using institutional reforms in New York towns, where officials known as assessors are charged with ensuring equitable treatment in property taxation. Over time, hundreds of towns reduced responsiveness by making their assessors appointed instead of elected. The local context thus allows for more precise measurement of who gets what from government, as well as more credible estimates of the effects of institutions. Results show that local policy decisions are biased against low-income residents and that elections serve only to compound this bias.


Student boredom in participating in system management learning in distance learning is the main problem in this study. This has an impact on ineffective learning processes and outcomes. This research aims to develop a Humanistic-based Indonesian National Education Innovation E-Module. The method used is research and development with the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation). The measurement instruments used were questionnaires on material content, accessibility and e-module design. The subjects of this study were experts and students taking the Indonesian National Education Innovation course, as well as lecturers supporting the course. The data analysis used was qualitative and quantitative using descriptive statistical analysis techniques. The research findings show that the Indonesian National Education Innovation E-module product has fulfilled the feasibility and practical aspects after being tested in the field with users and experts. Further research is needed to test the effectiveness of the e-module and whether it can improve student learning outcomes.


This work describes the radial wood growth of a sector o£ beech (Fagus sylvatica) and English oak (Quercus robur) forests of the Natural Park of La.Garrotxa. It supposes the beginning of dendrochronologic studies succession applied to the forestal management of this zone. We have obtained growth curves from wddd disk of ten beeches and nine oak cores removed using a Pressler increment borer. We have observed the great influence of the felling down o£ trees among ring increment. Good correlations between annual wood growth of the beech and annual average temperatures have been detected. We have made esteems of annual wood production: 4,29 T.ha-' in the beech and 2,43 T.ha-' in the oak woods.


Suicide is one of the most common causes of death among young people worldwide. Adolescence is a developmentally important phase of age due to the growing risk for suicide and prevalence of psychiatric disorders, as well as due to growing possibilities for prevention and treatments. Research findings in theoretical considerations, in psychological autopsy studies as well as in selected follow-up studies of clinical populations and suicide attempters analyzing risk factors for youth suicides are reviewed emphasizing the most recent data. As youth suicides are rare, research on risk factors for youth suicidal ideation, deliberate self-harm behavior and attempted suicide are also briefly reviewed. Family-related adversity, precipitating interpersonal problems, and particularly psychiatric disorders constitute risk factors for adolescent suicide. Mood disorders, substance abuse and prior suicide attempts are strongly related with youth suicides. However, recent psychological autopsy studies in China have found substantially lower rates of psychiatric disorders among suicide victims compared with those in the Western countries. Recognition and effective treatment of psychiatric disorders, e.g. depression are essential in preventing adolescent suicides. As only seldom young suicide victims have received psychiatric care, broad prevention strategies are needed in health care and social services. Education of physicians to recognize youth at risk, and restricting access to lethal means are recommended to prevent suicides. For high-risk youth providing continuity of care is important. Recent treatment studies among suicidal adolescents have reported promising results on safety planning and increased therapeutic contact early in treatment.


1,3-Dipolar cycloadditions of aliphatic or alicyclic thiocarbonyl ylides 3A-D – sterically hindered at least at one terminus – with thiobenzophenone produce both regioisomeric 1,3-dithiolanes 4 and 5. According to quantum-chemical calculations (preceding paper), a concerted cycloaddition furnishing 2,4-substituted dithiolanes 4 competes with the formation of an intermediate C,C-biradical 9 which cyclizes to the more crowded 4,5-substituted dithiolanes 5. When steric hindrance of 3 increases, the cycloaddition is superseded by 'methylene transfer', i.e., the transfer of the less hindered terminus of 3E-J to the S-atom of thiobenzophenone. The thiobenzophenone S-alkylide 11, thus formed, rapidly reacts with a second molecule ofthiobenzophenone to generate the 4,4,5,5-tetraphenyl-1,3-dithiolane 12 via the highly stabilized C,C-biradical 10. Methylene transfer occurs when the cyclization of the mixed C,C-biradical 9 requires a higher activation barrier than its dissociation to aliphatic thioketone + 11; the threshold is surprisingly well reproduced by calculations. The structural assignment of sixteen 1,3-dithiolanes is based on their formation from corresponding reactant pairs as well as on 1H and 13C chemical shifts. X-ray diffraction analyses of three spiro-1,3-dithiolanes reveal the van der Waals strain in non-bonded interactions, folding angles, shearing forces, and bond lengths. Comparison of the mass spectra of many 1,3-dithiolanes allows the reconstruction of major fragmentation pathways. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)


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country was plunged into a crisis characterised by distortions in all sectors of the economy. With inflation running into double and triple digits, inefficient formal financial intermediation and overvalued official exchange rates became inevitable. Consequently, informal mar kets in credit and foreign exchange mushroomed as an escape route from the highly overvalued administered interest and exchange rates. This study therefore aims at modelling money demand relationships that takes into considerations the above develop ments.


The 1/x frequency distribution is known to researchers ranging from economists and biologists to electronic engineers. It is known to linguists as Zipf's Law (Zipf, 1949) and has recently been shown not to be a consequence of the Central Limit Theorem (Troll & Graben, 1998)--leaving an "unsolved problem' in information theory (Jones, 1999). This 1/x distribution, associated with scale-invariant physical systems (Machlup & Hoshiko, 1980), is a special case of the general power law xλ arising from the Lagrangian L(x,[Fdot](x)) = ½x1-λ[Fdot]2 and, as λ need not be an integer, some related research understandably involves fractals (Allison et al. , 2001). The present paper generalizes this Lagrangian to include a van der Waals effect. It is argued that ancestral Aboriginal language consisted of root-morphemes that were built up into, and often condensed within, subsequent words or lexemes. Using discrete-optimization techniques pioneered elsewhere (Illert, 1987; Reverberi, 1985), and the new morpho-statistics, this paper models lexeme-condensation in ancestral south-east Australian Aboriginal language.


An OTEC lift cycle system may be considered an open power cycle that uses an hydraulic turbine for power generation instead of the very low pressure steam turbine used in the Claude open cycle. It offers an alternate approach to the utilization of ocean thermal energy. The lift cycle power plant can have many different system options depending on the lift process employed. Foam and mist lift processes are presently under development sponsored by the US Department of Energy and are currently in the technical feasibility development stage. The concept of lift cycles, recent developments, preliminary cost estimates, and possible further activities are presented.


Notification is made of a Visigothic belt bucke found out of context in Puebla de D. Fadrique to the northeast of Granada. It can be dated, using typological sirnilarities, to the sixth and seventh centuries a.c. The localization of its exact place of origin more difficult is because it was found in the sand bed of a ravla. Nevertheless the Visigothic presence in Granada is not unknown, as has been shown by the nearby sites of Baza and Tutugi.


The Department of Transport of the UK has developed new standards for the stability of sail training vessels, and these are contained in a recently-published Code of Practice. Some aspects of the development of the standards and of the implications of their issuance are discussed.


This article contains two basic results. First, we derive a wronskian representation for the well known multi phase N-periodic solutions to the focusing NLS equation. Next, we perform a special passage to the limit when all the periods tend to infinity. We claim that this provides a new systematic approach for constructing the so called higher Peregrine breathers labelled by the positive integer N. We give explicit representations of all higher Peregrine breathers for 1 = N until to 6 = N and speculate about further extensions.


Language basic knowledge,mother tongue interfere,cultural background knowledge and psychological reason are the main factors that result in the students' listening obstacle.Listening comprehension of the students can be effectively raised through strengthening language ability,mastering concerned skill and developing thinking ability.


Service recovery satisfaction has been extensively studied in the service marketing literature, and two distinctive phenomena have been identified as important strands of research interests: the recovery paradox (RP) and the double deviation (DD). The RP and DD are essentially symmetrical as both imply that the customer's evaluation toward an encounter involving a failure and a recovery is most determined by the recovery effort rather than the initial failure, while the RP is a positive effect caused by a superior recovery but the DD is a negative consequence of an inferior recovery. However, very few studies conceptualized them in a comparable pattern; furthermore, although many studies tried to examine the existence of the RP or DD, seldom research focused on justifying why they would occur. Thus, this research aims to uncover the potential asymmetry between the RP and DD by performing an intensive literature review, and then to provide preliminary remedies. To begin with, this research proposes reconceptualizations for the RP and DD which would better reflect their symmetrical nature. Second, a framework of negative-discrepancy-induced sensitivity and related propositions are developed to justify why the RP and DD would occur, that is, why the effect of recovery is heavier than that of failure. Directions for further research are provided in the final section.


students generally have no way to take the initiative in the current WebQuest solutions. Based on Constructivism, a new initiative WebQuest teaching system and its key technologies are introduced in the papen, which include the application of database, atom functional service and friendly user interfaces. In this model, teachers and students can be helped to finish the tasks together. Especially, students can also start a program independently. At last, the comparison with other research accomplishment and the promising future are presented.


The Douro Demarcated Region includes 39,000 hectares of vineyards in northern Portugal and is responsible for the annual production of over 50 thousand tons of winery by-products. These by-products are subjected to distillation to recover the ethanol, after which only the wine lees are extracted with an acid solution, intending the production of calcium tartrate. This study characterizes the winery by-products of the region with regard to its potential production (from both grape pomace and wine lees) of calcium tartrate and grape pigments. The quantification of potassium bitartrate (the raw material for calcium tartrate) and total anthocyanins was performed using spectrophotometric methods on winery by-products sampled at 16 of the major wineries of the region. These wineries are responsible for the production of half the winery wastes in the region. Results indicate values ranging from 100 to 150 kg/t (wine lees) and 50 to 75 kg/t (grape pomace) with respect to the potential production of calcium tartrate. The average figures for the grape pigment vary from 12 kg/t (red wine lees) to 9 kg/t (red grape pomace), the final product being in the form of a liquid concentrate with 30 g of pigments per kilogram of solution.


[Extract] Australian general practitioners (GPs) have been extremely slow to use computer tools in their clinical practice. GPs mostly (40-50%) use computers for front desk functions such as billing, accounting and appointment scheduling. No more than 10% use a computer in the consulting room, despite an acknowledged appreciation of its clinical potential. A computer education course for GPs should therefore be "hands on", be interactive and collaborative in small groups, and encourage individuals to make their own assessments and decisions regarding the uptake of new information.This project was designed and taught by the University of Melbourne General Practice Unit.


A system staples (10) including: a head (42) of stapler in a first elongated shaft, the head (42) of the stapler cartridge (44) containing staples (70), and an anvil (40) the cartridge and anvil (40) characterized by a retractor vacuum and an instrument (12) engaging tissue in an elongate stem adapted to engage fluid with a negative pressure source, being advanceable the tool coupling (12) in a first direction from a first position relative to the head (42) of stapler between the cartridge (44) and anvil (40), to a second position relative to the head (42) of the stapler and to call coupling with fabric being retractable instrument coupling (12) in a second direction to retract the tissue caught in a stapling position between the cartridge (44) and anvil (40), the system staple further includes a ring reinforcement (72, 74) positioned adjacent the cartridge (44) and / or the anvil (40), the reinforcing ring having apertures for the staples to pass therethrough so that the staples (70) ejected from the cartridge (44) engage the reinforcing ring ( 72, 74).


ABSTRACTThe article commences by differentiating between absorption power meters and through-type instruments; thereafter it concentrates on the former method.The effect of mis-matching source and load is explained. A description of the design and construction of two types of power meters is given: (i) using a resistive load and thermocouple, and (ii) an instrument using a thermistor as the load.The article concludes with a short outline of calorimetric methods of measurement.


India because of its rich and unique bioand genetic diversity needs a legislative frame-work which can provide its researchers a legal mechanism to deposit patentable living subject matter in its own depositaries which have due recognition at international level. Such depositaries need to be set-up under the provisions of Budapest Treaty and could cover a wide range of live organisms/genetic material. Several state-of-the-art depositaries already exist in the country and a few of them can be readily designated as international depositaIY authorities folluwing appropriate international convention. This article establishes the need and covers the enabling provisions and the range of activities which govern the setting up of international depositary authOIity.


Intra-Altai issues (conservation of tribal customs, the degree of knowledge of the native language by the younger generation, uniting ethnic groups of Altaians) acquire a new meaning against the backdrop of nationwide problems associated with unemployment in rural areas, youth employment, low living standards in the regions. In 2011-2012 the public life of the Altai Republic is in crisis. Among the most influential politicians and public figures have formed two teams, nicknamed the "national bureaucrats" and "young tigers". The leader of the first group is the vice-premier of the Republic Y. Antaradonov, who has spearheaded the creation of the organization of "Kurultai of Altai people" as the first head of El Bashchy. His group includes ethnic elite, calling on civil society organizations not to engage in policy, but and solving social issues. He is opposed to a group of "young tigers", which consists of deputies of the State Assembly El Kurultai of the Republic. This article identifies the causes of the crisis in the public life of the Altai Republic. As the main sources are used the Charter of the organization of "Kurultai of Altai people" and information from regional newspapers and Internet sites. The main method of investigation was direct observation the process of the convention-kurultays held in Gorno-Altaisk (April 16, 2011), and v. Ust-Caen (Nov. 4, 2011), the City Kurultai of Altai (April 1, 2012) and the Congress of the Altai people (April 13, 2012). An additional method of investigation was interviews with informants, who were interviewed the Altai language, which is important for the understanding of existing problems. As the sequence of events of the last two years, in the Altai Republic has developed the problem of relations between the structure of power and the public. The history of the organization of "Kurultai of Altai people" reveals the degree of its influence on public life in Altai. It is no accident that unfolding struggle for election to the position of E Bashchy confirms the social stratification of Russian society. The isolation of the officials from the interests of the people confirms their special status and material security. In order to solve the social crisis proposals to disband the organization of "Kurultai of Altai people" are made and to move on to another stage, although the problem of public relations in the country remains.


Abstract The spread of Covid-19 pandemic upturned higher education routines, inducing a shift to online learning which sometimes translated into a huge leap towards didactic experimentation. While exposing critical issues in existing teaching methodologies and assessment processes, such emergency distance education condition could spark meaningful educational innovation. This paper describes an international study engaging teachers of professionalizing courses in the educational area across the world (N=120). The aim was to investigate their perception of the induced distance education in terms of teaching methodology and assessment practices. Emerging findings indicate a silver lining in the midst of the pandemic storm, as teaching practices gear more towards being student-centred.


Abstract The strains needed to attain coherence in each of four important ideal epitaxial configurations, the conditions under which they obtain and illuminating graphical displays of the results are presented. A comparative study with empirical observations supports the predicted equivalence of ideal configurations and 'atomic row matching'. The numerical values of the configurational parameter l—relating bonding and lattice parameters—obtained by applying the theory to thin-film observations, were in satisfactory agreement, with values estimated from bulk elastic and lattice constants. Certain apparent anomalies in the observations can be qualitatively understood. The repeated occurrence of matching along the [001] direction in the (110) W surface, is not understood and suggests the need for refinement in the model and/or a more detailed serutiny of its properties.


Amongst the entities that have been created by human agents, and can be changed by human agents, besides concrete particulars, such as tables and chairs, our intuitions suggest that there are repeatables—entities that can each have multiple concrete instances. And since there is reason to think that repeatables are acausal, there is reason to think that that there are entities that are created, changeable, repeatable and acausal. Then again, it might be supposed that if an entity is created then it is causal, and that if an entity is changed then it is causal. It is argued here that these suppositions are insufficiently motivated to undermine the case for the existence of entities that are created, changeable, repeatable and acausal.


In this paper,(miltiple) Capelli polynomials playing a role in PI-theory were obtained,the condition of Capelli identities on the ring of matrices were investigated.


By the method of statistical modeling it's defined efficiency of censoring algorithm for signals, which are got in training sample, on which estimation of passive clutter correlative parameters is produced in adaptive whitening filters (WF). The calculations are organized for broad range of change for parameters: pulse number in the pack, volume of training samples.


On the basis of the identified stars measured in nuclear emulsion the mechanism of the three-particle nuclear reaction ..gamma..+/sup 7/Li..-->..p+t+t has been investigated at Eless than or equal to27 MeV. It was shown that production of a proton and two tritons in this reaction can be explained by the action of the mechanisms of Feynman diagrams which include the virtual (n--/sup 6/Li) and (p--/sup 6/He) cluster states of the /sup 7/Li nucleus and take into account the absorption of the ..gamma.. ray by one of the clusters (A = 6) with a subsequent disintegration of this cluster into two A = 3 fragments and rescattering of the virtual nucleon by an A = 3 nucleus, leading to formation of the final particles.


This paper describes the tracking of an object in a sequence of video-recorded images by a template matching approach based on a genetic algorithm learning technique to generate adaptive templates. The system is intended for real images. Contrary to a controlled environment, where the template may be generated from a noise free image and all successive frames do not show great changes, we hypothesise a set of images acquired at possible different environmental conditions. The varying environmental conditions greatly influence the matching, but they cannot be coded/used because they are not known a priori. In addition, 2D projections of 3D objects may vary during the sequence. Despite these difficulties, the need for robust systems that can locate objects in frame sequences is rapidly increasing due to the explosion in the amount of visual data in the communications systems.


Aerobics is the combination of gymnastics and dance with the accompaniment of music. It has received an increasing welcome among the college students for its accordance with the rapid rhythm of modern life.However,the teaching effectiveness hasn't been improved for the students' lack of expressive force. Therefore, the teaching of dancing-consciousness must be practiced in order to improve the artistic level of aerobics.


The electronic structure of Pd has been calculated in a self-consistent manner using the nonrelativistic augmented-plane-wave (APW) method and the Hedin-Lundqvist local-exchange-correlation approximation. Relativistic effects are discussed in terms of the relativistic Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method for the self-consistent crystal potential. On the basis of the APW results theoretical intensities for the $L{\ensuremath{\beta}}_{2}$ emission spectrum and the Al-$K\ensuremath{\alpha}$ valence photoelectron spectrum have been calculated and are compared with results of previous experiments. Compton profiles for single-crystalline Pd have been measured and these are compared to the theoretical profiles, obtained from the APW crystal wave functions. In all cases the agreement with experiment is satisfactory.


Dynamic monitoring of patient body weight distribution in biomechanics laboratory can provide useful information for research and diagnosis purposes. The examinee can be subjected to different conditions, either standing still or doing a set of predefined exercises. Human locomotor system maintains the body balance in a complex manner, thus resulting in very small weight distribution perturbations which can provide a better insight in the patient state and serve as an excellent practical diagnostic tool. This paper describes an implementation of biomechanical scale designed to enable a high resolution dynamic body weight distribution measurement, along with monitoring of the angle and the distance between feet in the real-time.


Our aim was to illustrate the sonographic features of tuberculous peritonitis with female genital tract tuberculosis in an attempt to facilitate the recognition of the disorder preoperatively. Transabdominal and transvaginal sonographic features and the findings from laparotomy/laparoscopy, endometrial biopsy and microbiology were reviewed and compared in 15 patients with tuberculous peritonitis with female genital tract tuberculosis.


In this memory we follow the geometric approach of Casas' boof [1] for studying of the singularities of plane germs of curves, which updates Enriques' works to modern standards and reviews the modern development of the theorey from the point of view of infinitely near points.
This memory has a two sided goal: on one hand, we want to acquire skills with the tools and concepts of the singularity theory and the valuative theory, both the classical ones and the more recent ones. On the other hand, we want to study in depth the different implicit concepts and notions involved in the Favre and Jonsson's new approach, such as the ultrametric space structure of the set of irreducible germs of plane curves and the tree structure of the valuations.


Aim: The aim of this observational study was to investigate the use of a night-time compression sleeve (NTCS) as a routine maintenance therapy for breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL). Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 145 breast cancer patients who over a five-year period used the Made-to-Measure Mobiderm® NTCS as adjuvant treatment for BCRL. The total sum of the percent differences between the two arms (%) after 6 months of NTCS use was the principal criterion. The circumferences of each patient's arm at the beginning of the NTCS use (baseline measurement=T0), and data from 6 months before (T-1) and 6 months after (T1) the use of the NTCS were considered. Results: All patients were previously treated for breast cancer. At baseline (T0) the sum of the percent differences between the two arms in the sample of the study (n=145) was 53.1% ± 24.2. Data showed a significant decrease by 6.6% of the sum of the percent differences between baseline (T0) and 6 months after NTCS use (T1) (p=0.010). Among the 145 patients, 99 patients (68.3%) were already treated for lymphedema and 74 of them (51.0%) had received a medical examination 6 months before the NTCS use (defined as treated lymphedema patients), while 46 patients (31.7%) were receiving their first medical examination for lymphedema at baseline (defined as newly diagnosed patients). In the newly diagnosed patients subgroup, a greater significant reduction of the sum of the percent differences of -13.4% at T1 compared to baseline was observed (p=.013). Among the 74 treated lymphedema patients, the sum of the percent differences after NTCS use (T1) was well maintained with a slight tend to decrease (-2.6%), while between before the NTCS use (T-1) and base line, this percentage significantly increased by 16.9% (p<.001). Conclusion: The reduction of lymphedema observed in this study during the NTCS use period suggests that MOBIDERM® NTCS seems to be associated to a control of lymphedema volume in BCRL patients during the maintenance phase. This night garment might be an adjuvant effective component of the therapy to achieve the volume maintenance goal but its efficacy should be confirmed with a randomized clinical trial.


Objective:To study the reason of misdiagnosed pulmonary embolism and to improve the identification of PE.Methods: Retrospective study of clinical manifestations,risk factors and accessory examinations in the 14 cases of misdiagnosed pulmonary embolism in our department.Results: Misdiagnosed as coronary heart disease、heart failure 9 cases,non ST segment elevation myocardial infarction lcase,angina pectoris 2 cases,cardiogenic syncope 1 case,coronary heart disease and lung infection 1 case.Conclusion: PE is an important and commonly encountered disease,which is not recognized well enough yet by chinese doctors.Early diagnosis and treament without delay is critical to the prognosis,so clinicians should be familiar with PE characteristics to reduce its misdiagnosis.


Objective To explore the diagnostic value of multi-slice spiral CT on volume measuring of adult polycystic kidney disease(APKD).Methods The CT images of 16 patients with APKD were analyzed,and measured the length of three biggest diameter line on both sides of kidney.The formula Volume=1/6π×a(long)×b(wide)×m(thickness)×c(number of plies)was used to compute the volume of kidney.At the same time,randomly selected the measuring volume of 16 health patients as the control group.Compared the volume of the two groups,analyzed if there were some correlation between the kidney volume and index of kidney function.Results There were complex accompany signs of the CT images of 16 APKD patients,volume of kidney was obviously enlarged than that of the control group.The difference has statistical significance.The volume of kidney makes negative correlation with index of kidney function.Conclusions Volume of kidney can be reliably measured by multi-slice spiral CT,and it can accurately diagnose the accompany signs of APKD.


Residual stress studies (by centre-hole drilling and finite element analysis) and microstructural computations (using temperature measurements) were carried out on multirun butt welded steel plates ...


We propose both an efficient neutron source and an extremely high energy proton source using solid CD and CH nano-particles, respectively, irradiated by an intense laser light. With a use of 3-d PIC simulations, we obtain an optimum CD radius for a neutron source, 250 nm and required laser field of a=eE/mωc ≈ 2, which results in D-D reaction rate of  = 2x10-16 cm3/s, corresponding to an effective deuteron temperature of 500 keV to 1MeV. Reduction of neutron yield by pre-expansion is discussed. In a range of a ≈100, laser radiation pressure surrounding the particles accelerates electrons in the forward direction. Protons following the electrons become directional high energy, for example, proton energy of 450 MeV is obtained within 130 fs in CH particle interaction with 700 nm in radius. More than 10% of total protons in CH-particles are accelerated forward. Proton energy continuously increases with time and with the increase of particle size and the direction is also collimated with time.


As the United States becomes increasingly diverse and the inclusion of children, women, and ethnic minorities in research is encouraged for clinical research (National Institutes of Health, 1998, 2001), researchers are increasingly responsible for examining the role of social context and cultural processes in mental health and illness among racially and ethnically diverse families including immigrant and nonimmigrant families. Strong theoretical frameworks, developmental approaches, and innovative methodologies are available to determine why and how cultural processes matter for mental health across the life span. The task, however, requires an expansion on and refinement of traditional demographic indicators and cultural variables such as acculturation and racial identity to examine complex social and cultural processes in greater detail. Conceptual advances in recent culturally relevant and developmentally sensitive longitudinal studies and national surveys suggest the potential of new methodologies to inform efforts to reduce health disparities for mental health. Future research on specific cultural processes across the life span may uncover critical periods of risk and vulnerability, potential for resilience, as well as optimal opportunities for mental health prevention and treatment among racial/ethnic minority and immigrant families.


An experimental study of the generation of broadband noise-like oscillations in the collector of a traveling wave tube (TWT) have been considered. The analysis of experimental results shows that injected into in the collector region of TWT multispeed electron beam is source of broadband noiselike oscillations. It is established that the maximum cumulative capacity, removable from the collector region of TWT is 12 W, the maximum frequency of generation is 7 GHz, the maximum bandwidth Δf /f ~ 0.8. It is shown that the traveling-wave tube with a collector-generator can operate both an as amplifier and an external signal generator.


An air bag cover for a vehicle includes an airbag cover body which comprises a tear line to allow the airbag-cover body is torn when an airbag cushion is deployed, and an output coupled to the airbag-cover body aperture ring. The airbag cover includes a plurality of separation protrusions with first and second separation protrusions which are formed on the aperture ring so as to be spaced apart in a circumferential direction of the iris ring and to be adjacent to each other. Moreover, the separating projections on third and fourth separating projections which are adjacent to a the first and second separator projections facing position to each other. The separating projections include first to fourth separation protrusion insertion holes which are formed inside the airbag cover body to allow the first can be used to fourth separating projections therein.


Using the method of directed crystallization, partition coefficients have been determined for sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium and silver in lithium chloride. A theoretical calculation of impurity partition coefficients has been made for the systems investigated with due regard for excess functions of mixing in solid solutions and melts. In the LiCl–Cs system, an abrupt jump of the CsCl partition coefficient has been detected in the range of very low CsCl concentrations in the melt. This effect is explained by the interaction of the cesium umpurity with the cation vacancies.

Russian Text Ignored.


Remote execution of programs raises security concerns for both server that executes the program and the program itself. We propose a solution, called code striping. Striping uniquely provides simultaneous protection of the server from the client query and the client query from the server using a single mechanism. By combining striping and distributed voting, we provide protection for code not currently available and a higher level of protection to the server than currently possible using present methods.


Objective The aim of this study was to identify the preferences for whole genome sequencing (WGS) tests without genetic counseling. Methods A discrete choice experiment was conducted where participants chose between two hypothetical alternatives consisting of the following attributes: test accuracy, test costs, identified diseases, probability of disease occurrence, and data access. People from the general German population aged ≥18 years were eligible to participate in the survey. We estimated generalized linear mixed effects models, latent class mixed-logit models, and the marginal willingness to pay. Results Three hundred and one participants were included in the final analysis. Overall, the most favored WGS testing attributes were 95% test accuracy, report of severe hereditary diseases and 40% probability of disease development, test costs of €1,000, and access to test results for researchers. Subgroup analysis, however, showed differences in these preferences between males and females. For example, males preferred reporting of results at a 10% probability of disease development and females preferred reporting of results at a 40% probability. The test cost, participant's educational level, and access to data influenced the willingness to participate in WGS testing in reality. Conclusion The German general population was aware of the importance of genetic research and preferred to provide their own genetic data for researchers. However, among others, the reporting of results with a comparatively relatively low probability of disease development at a level of 40%, and the test accuracy of 95% had a high preference. This shows that the results and consequences of WGS testing without genetic counseling are hard to assess for individuals. Therefore, WGS testing should be supported by qualified genetic counseling, where the attributes and consequences are explained.


Epithelial cell-specific laminin-5, consisting of three chains, α3, β3, and γ2, is a component of the anchoring filament that traverses the lamina lucida beneath the hemidesmosomes of epidermal cells and functions to link these cells to the basement membrane. We have studied the molecular interaction between laminin-5 and extracellular matrix proteins using recombinant proteins and synthetic peptides. Affinity chromatography assays with recombinant fragments of the laminin γ2 short arm identified a 195-kDa binding protein in the conditioned media from the mouse epidermal cell line Pam 212 and from primary dermal fibroblasts. This molecule was identified by Western blotting as fibulin-2, a recently identified extracellular matrix protein. Using deletion mutants and various synthetic peptides in competition assays, the 9-amino acid sequence SADFSVHKI (residues 199-207) in domain IV of the γ2 chain was defined as a critical site for fibulin-2 binding. An anti-γ2 antibody co-immunoprecipitated fibulin-2 from the conditioned media, further confirming the interaction of fibulin-2 with laminin-5. Fibulin-2 was also found to interact with laminin-1 (α1β1γ1) through a region (residues 654-665) of the α1 chain short arm whose sequence is similar to that of the fibulin-2 binding site of the γ2 chain. Together these results suggest that fibulin-2 functions to bridge laminin-1 and laminin-5 with other extracellular matrix proteins, providing a linkage between the cell surface and the basement membrane.


We have investigated the thermodynamical properties of the universe with dark energy. It is demonstrated that in a universe with spacial curvature the natural choice for IR cutoff could be the apparent horizon radius. We shown that any interaction of pressureless dark matter with holographic dark energy, whose infrared cutoff is set by the apparent horizon radius, implying a constant effective equation of state of dark component in a universe. In addition we found that for the static observer in space, the comoving distance has a faster expansion than the apparent horizon radius with any spatial curvature. We also verify that in some conditions the modified first law of thermodynamics could return to the classic form at apparent horizon for a universe filled with dark energy and dark matter. Besides, the generalized second law of thermodynamics is discussed in a region enclosed by the apparent horizon.


Along with quantum dots (QD), carbon dots (CDs) have attracted a lot of attention due to its strong optical properties and simple synthesis procedure. For decades, Aloe vera has been used for medical and cosmetic applications. Another application of Aloe vera is reported here; we have synthesized CDs from Aloe vera gel through a simple heating process. With variation of heating duration, we achieved CDs with various photoluminescence (PL) properties. The variation of heating duration has changed the functional group on the CDs surface and induces tuneable PL properties. In this paper, we present three types of CDs, i.e., blue, green, and yellow CDs with PL peak at wavelength of at 438, 503, and 614 nm, respectively.


Excerpt The wonderfully challenging article on residency training in internal medicine by Schroeder and colleagues (1) articulates the need for basic modifications in the traditional graduate medic...


Tigernut, or Cyperus esculentus L, is a tuber that grows and is frequently consumed in West Africa. Tigernut tuber is highly nutritive with high starch, glucose and proteins contents. It's high in minerals (including phosphorus and potassium), as well as vitamins C, D, and B1, which all assist to improve antioxidant activity. It can be consumed raw or dried and combined with roasted peanuts. The minerals, vitamins and phytochemical contents of tigernut were analyzed using accepted methods after the minerals value of the plant tubers were carefully pounded and grounded to paste. The presence of Tannin, Terpenes, Phenol, and Steroids were discovered as a result of phytochemical research in trace and in moderate concentration. Tigernut was found to contain 0.5305% phytochemicals. Phenol had a concentration of 0.236%, Saponin had a concentration of 0.167%, Glycosides had a concentration of 0.124%, Steroids had a concentration of 0.0028%, Tannin had a concentration of 0.0018%, and Terpenes had a concentration of 0.0017%. Also, the minerals assay revealed the presence of presence of calcium (Ca2+), potassium (K+), copper (Cu2+), iron (Fe2+), magnesium (Mg2+), manganese (Mn2+) and phosphorous (P+) in the tigernut tuber sample. Highest mineral element found was potassium (K+) and least was zinc with values of 4478.76 mg/kg and 0.589 mg/kg respectively. Tigernut tubers also contains high levels of vitamin C, B1, and D. Vitamin D was present in higher concentrations in (µg/100g) of (22.79 µg/100g) followed by vitamin C (5.76 mg/100g) and vitamin B1 (2.38 mg/100g). The result showed that tigernut tuber contain appreciable number of minerals, vitamins and low level of phytochemicals and could contribute to the recommended dietary allowance of the body.


Nanocrystalline cobalt ferrite was successfully prepared by treatment contact low-temperature non-equilibrium plasma (CNP). The effects of the treatment CNP on the structural and magnetic properties of the compound were investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer were carried out at room temperature to the structural and magnetic properties. X-ray patterns revealed the production of abroad single cubic phase. The average polydispersing particle sizes are 12 nm–100 nm. The FTIR measurements between 400 and 4000 cm−1 confirmed the intrinsic cation vibrations of spinel structure. The results revealed that the magnetic characteristics are higher than those obtained by other methods.


The paper has in view to address the transition that the world economy is confronted with nowadays from the perspective of the participants and forces that shaped the world economic order of the post World War II period until now. The world economy is moving from a globalist perspective of convergence to a perspective of confrontation and transaction once with the return of the nation states, of bilateralism and multilateralism and of the approaches based on national interest. Starting from the analysis carried out by this research the conclusions contemplate a new world economic order that should make a better use of the lessons of history while taking more into account the human nature. The perspective on the future remains positive, provided that the answers to a number of fundamental questions are moderate and rational enough.


Abstract Introduction: X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) type Nascimento is a rare, under-diagnosed genetic disorder caused by intragenic mutations in the UBE2A gene. The syndrome was first described in 2006 by Nascimento et el. It is characterized by intellectual disability, dysmorphic facial features, skin anomalies, hypotonia, impaired speech, and seizures. To date, there is no literature to suggest that it affects glucose homeostasis. Case: A 63-year-old male with a history of XLID (mutation in UBE2A pL112P variant), seizures, dementia, stage II CKD, polycystic kidneys, and hyperkalemia presented to the emergency department with altered mental status and blood glucose (BG) of 22 mg/dL. Mental status improved after correction of hypoglycemia. He had multiple admissions for hypoglycemia, however, no history of diabetes mellitus, or use of hypoglycemia inducing medications. Home medications included Patiromer for hyperkalemia. Family history was remarkable for XLID type Nascimento in his brother and sister's son. Imaging and laboratory studies conducted on prior admissions were inconclusive. Abdominal CT scan showed a 6mm cyst in the head of the pancreas, but no mass. A 72-hour fast after holding dextrose infusion did not yield a clear biochemical differential. BG 51 mg/dL, Insulin <0.5 (3.0–25 mU/L), C-peptide 0.6 (1.1–4.4 ng/mL), pro-insulin 3.2 (0.0–10.0 pmol/L), β-hydroxybutyrate 0.2 (<0.6 mmol/L). BG increased to greater than 25 mg/dL with 1 mg IV glucagon. Insulin antibody was negative (<5 uU/ml). IGF-1, IGF-2 were low at 17 (49–188 ng/mL) and 142 (333-967ng/mL) respectively. Thyroid function and ACTH stimulation test were within normal limits. Aldosterone <0.1(0.0–30 ng/dL), renin 0.195 (0.167–5.38 ng/mL/hr). Urine metabolic screen, urine amino acid screen, plasma amino acid screen and white cell lysosomal enzymes were normal for the nephew and not performed in our patient. The patient's family requested not pursuing a repeat 72-hour fast, additional imaging or invasive procedures. Dexamethasone 0.5mg orally at bedtime was started which improved blood sugars and patient was discharged. He presented 2 weeks later with recurrent hypoglycemia. Dexamethasone was titrated to 1.5 mg with no improvement. Diazoxide 3mg/kg/day was subsequently started while dexamethasone was tapered and discontinued. Hypoglycemia did not recur. Conclusion: This is the first case report describing spontaneous hypoglycemia in an individual with XLID type Nascimento. Our patient also had hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism which raises the question of endocrine abnormalities as a manifestation of XLID type Nascimento and if hypoglycemia is an inborn error of metabolism in this patient.


This conclusive work of the course of specialisation in homeopathy has the main objective to present the clinical case of an eight years old child, as reported by her father ―since very little, she presents an intense runny nose, shortness of breath, severe cough and lung secretion‖. As the crisis of rhinitis and allergic bronchitis are frequent, motivating several hospitalisations, for the observation of the child, due to the severity of the condition, which has environmental agents such as household dust, mite's dust and animal hair as causal factors. The child arrives at the homeopathic appointment accompanied by her mother, at the end of the consultation the child was diagnosed with Phosphorus. The child returns 30 days after her first appointment, she says that she is fine, ―my nose does not run anymore in the mornings‖, her mother considers the homeopathic treatment as excellent. Given the therapeutic response obtained, I was motivated to learn more about the Phosphorus medication, obtained by boosting the chemical element phosphorus. We made a summary of the evolution of the medicine, from the antiquity to the modern age, when Samuel Hahnemann consolidates Homeopathy, performing selfexperimentation with the China Officinalis', in describing his first pathogenesis. That is, the symptoms produced by the medication when using two daily doses of four dracmas,' says disagreeing with Culler (chapter of the properties of the quina' the treatment of malaria), and... the symptoms produced by the medication in a healthy human will be healed by the same medicine, when administered to a man with illness. ―Similia similibus curantur‖ one of the pillars of homeopathy. We continue with the discovery of the history of the chemical element phosphorus by the German alchemist Hennig Brand in 1669, in Hamburg City, by distilling a mixture of urine and sand in search of the philosopher's stone. Obtaining the homeopathic medication Phosphorus and its personality. Who is the individual ―Phosphorus‖? Ignites easily, it is exposed to all environmental influences. Analogous to the light, seeks knowledge needs to be in constant contact with the world. We quote some authors and their experiences with the symptoms of Phosphorus and finally we describe homeopathic consultation of the little Belle', the clinical diagnosis (es), homeopathic (s), constitutional, miasmatic or reaction mode. The homeopathic medication, its potency and dose, the second consultation and the prescription and the prescription of the nosode. We conclude that the doctor's performance has relevant importance in guiding the treatment of his patient, who wait, mainly the homeopathic doctor, the clinical knowledge of the therapeutic management of the diseases, but especially a human being that looks at another human and sees him a similar being.


Three RV Tauri variables - AC Her, R Sge and V Vul - have been observed photoelectrically since 1984. Their current periods are 75 d 48 for AC Her, 69 d 74 for R Sge, and 75 d 35 for V Vul. The light curves of AC Her and R Sge are quite similar and show the usual RV Tauri-like form. The secondary minima of V Vul, however, is very shallow. Period analysis revealed the presence of the fundamental period and its harmonics (two or three). All of the three stars show cyclic period changes, the cause of which is still unknown


Background In order to provide appropriate care for the aging population, many countries are adopting a National Dementia Strategy (NDS). On June 22, 2017, Canada announced it will become the 30th country to launch a NDS. In light of this announcement and as Canada prepares to develop its own NDS, we conducted this review to examine and compare the NDSs of the other previous 29 countries with Canadian government's policies to date. Methods NDSs were compared according to their major priorities. The primary endpoints were the framework conditions and key actions outlined in the strategies. Secondary endpoints included the years active, involvement of stakeholders, funding, and implementation. Results We were able to review and compare 25 of the 29 published NDSs. While the NDSs of each country varied, several major priorities were common among the strategies—increasing awareness of dementia, reducing its stigma, identifying support services, improving the quality of care, as well as improving training and education and promoting research. Conclusions This review comprehensively lists and compares the NDSs of different countries. The results should be of great interest to policy-makers, health-care professionals and other key stakeholders involved in developing Canada's forthcoming NDS. We hope that policy-makers in Canada can review other NDSs, learn from their example, and develop an effective NDS for our country.


In order to improve the security of Web system,the author makes use of an example of chinese boxing management information system to present a kind of scheme.The scheme includes two-layer identity authentication,advanced role-based access control,and the special backup and restoration of database.


We study single GaAs quantum dots with optical transitions that can be brought into resonance with the widely used D2 transitions of rubidium atoms. We achieve resonance by Zeeman or Stark shifting the quantum dot levels. We discuss an energy stabilization scheme based on the absorption of quantum dot photoluminescence in a rubidium vapor. This offers a scalable means to counteract slow spectral diffusion in quantum dots.


In this paper, we characterize an amalgamated duplication of a ring $R$ along a proper ideal $I$, $R\bowtie I$, which is quasi-Frobenius.


Editor We wish to make two small comments on the lucid and authoritative review by Eastell and Peel in your CME update on osteoporosis (January/ February 1998, pp 14-8). First, some skill is required in inter preting dual energy x-ray absorptio metry (DXA). The considerable risk in this age group of patients having radio logical osteoarthrosis of the facet joints, can give the illusion of increased bone density one important reason for taking an additional measurement of bone density at the femoral neck. This is particularly important where results are given purely as numbers and without a medical report. Second, we were disappointed that the section on treatment and prevention made no comment on the value of self help groups for patients1. The National Osteoporosis Society has set up many groups which typically result in the pro fessional team (in our case the rheuma tology team) working together with members of the National Osteoporosis Society local branch to facilitate educa tion and self-help in areas such as diet and exercise, and to encourage psycho social support to develop between group members. Such groups are effective in other aspects of rheumatology, such as Arthritis Care and the National Ankylos ing Spondylitis Society. In return, the group can apply pressure on practices and local trusts to improve services for patients with osteoporosis both in terms of prevention (by encouraging appro priate screening) and therapy (such as hydrotherapy, physiotherapy and appropriate dietetic support).


: Although gonadoblastoma is known to be associated with the presence of a Y chromosome, this case report of a 15-year-old patient with gonadal dysgenesis, gonadoblastoma, and an idic(Xq-) chromosome provides evidence for the occurrence of gonadoblastoma even in the absence of a Y chromosome. A review of previous cases reported to have gonadoblastoma in the absence of a Y chromosome revealed that the presence of some breast development was the common denominator among those patients. Therefore, a patient who presents with gonadal dysgenesis with some breast development, but lacks a Y chromosome may observe as close scrutiny as the patient with gonadal dysgenesis in the presence of a Y chromosome.


Wine is a versatile beverage enjoyed by many people in a wide range of different ways and forms. Interested in learning more? Continue reading so you can learn more about enjoying your wine. Cheap wines are not necessarily awful. If you want a nice wine...


Undergraduate education for manpower staff was reviewed in relation to concern for need, curriculum content, and program design within the university. This article describes new curricula being developed for areas of manpower specialization, complemented by more traditional majors and offerings in economics, political science, psychology, public administration, and sociology.


Disclosed is an electrolyte for batteries, comprising: (a) an electrolyte salt; (b) an organic solvent; (c) a first compound having an oxidation initiation Voltage (vs. Li/Li') higher than the operating Voltage of a cathode; and (d) a second reversible compound having an oxidation initiation Voltage higher than the operating Voltage of the cathode, but lower than the oxi dation initiation Voltage of the first compound. Also disclosed is a lithium secondary battery comprising said electrolyte. In the lithium secondary battery, two compounds having differ ent safety improvement actions at a Voltage higher than the operating Voltage of the cathode are used in combination as electrolyte components. Thus, the safety of the secondary battery in an overcharged State can be ensured, and at the same time, the deterioration of the battery can be prevented from occurring when it is repeatedly cycled, continuously charged and stored at high temperature for a long time.


Crohn's disease (CD) is associated with psychological stress and alteration of gut microbiota as compared to healthy individuals. Previous work has reported imbalances in CD patients across four major bacterial phyla including Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. We aimed to determine the effect on gut microbiota of a 3-month period of Cognitive Behavioral and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (COBMINDEX), a psychological intervention shown to improve the wellbeing and inflammatory state of CD patients.

 Microbial analysis of stool samples, circulating inflammatory markers and a wide range of psychological parameters related to stress, well-being and daily activities were measured and compared among 25 CD patients before (T1) and after (T2) COBMINDEX, and 25 matched CD wait-list controls at the corresponding time-points T1 and T2. Stool DNA extracts were subjected to 16S amplicon sequencing (Illumina) and analysed for taxonomical abundance, alpha and beta diversity using the QIIME2 pipeline and correlated with inflammatory and clinical parameters.

 Microbial alpha diversity among all CD patients at T1 significantly correlated to the 3 key cytokines: IL-10 (p=0.04, correlation=0.48), INFg (p=0.02, correlation=0.53), and INFa (p=0.02, correlation=0.51). At T2, while beta diversity was significantly increased in the COBMINDEX group (p=0.03), it was significantly decreased (p=0.0001) among the wait-list controls (Figure 1). Furthermore, compared with the wait-list controls, changes in inflammatory and clinical markers such as INFg, TNFa, IL-6, calprotectin and CRP, occurring following COBMINDEX, were accompanied by changes in the 4 main phyla including Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria (Figure 2). Lastly, changes in a variety of unique taxa, not previously implicated in CD, were also associated with changes in inflammatory and clinical markers such as INFg, TNFa, IL-6, calprotectin and CRP in the COBMINDEX but not in wait-list controls (Figure 2).

 Our results show that microbial diversity is connected to the inflammatory profile of CD patients, and is significantly altered by COBMINDEX. Moreover, changes in the 4 main phyla that are known to be different among CD patients are linked to changes in various inflammatory markers, demonstrating the microbial-inflammatory relationship among CD patients. Lastly, we found that changes in the abundancies of 7 taxa, hitherto untied to CD in the literature, correlate with inflammatory markers, hinting at new microbial targets in CD.


This investigation catalogues the vascular plant species occurring on a geographically easily definable alpine area in Rocky Mountain National Park, Specimen MVountain. In addition the abundance and environmental preferences of each taxon are noted. A total of 178 species in 35 families are listed for the area. Specimen Mountain lies on the continental divide in Colorado ap- proximately eighty miles northwest of Denver in the northwest corner of Rocky Mountain National Park. The elevation of the main summit of the mountain is 12,489 feet. Four other major summits and several minor ones, ranging in elevation from 11,526 to 12,429 feet, rise along the continental divide on roughly a north-south line from the main summit. The group of peaks and ridges forming Specimen Mountain represents a geographically somewhat isolated alpine area, separated from the Front Range to the southeast by the Cache la Poudre River, a tributary of the South Platte, and from the Never Summer Range to the northwest by the north fork of the Colorado River. Specimen Mountain is the remnant of an explosive Cenozoic vol- cano (Wahlstrom, 1944). It is an outlier of a formerly highly active volcanic area north of the Never Summer Range. The present high points of the mountain and the area surrounding them for about 1.5 square miles are highly eroded remnants of the volcanic plug formed following the last eruptions. Old lava flows are visible on the southern and western flanks of the mountain. The area surrounding Specimen Mountain shows evidence of in- tensive alpine glaciation. The northern and western slopes of the mountain are broken by deep, steep-walled glacial cirques. The ter- rain in this area is made even more irregular by mudflows and land- 423


Abstract : A Rifle Marksmanship Diagnostic and Training Guide was developed to assist Army drill sergeants diagnose and train Soldiers in the Initial Entry Training (IET) environment. The guide was based on subject matter expert input from the Infantry One Station Unit Training (OSUT) Brigade and the U.S. Army Marksmanship Unit (USAMU). These experts were interviewed to obtain effective training and diagnostic techniques and lessons learned through years of training IET Soldiers. The guide integrates this information, sequences it according to the marksmanship program, and thoroughly illustrates the major training principles and lessons learned. All information supplements and complements the Army marksmanship field manual. The guide is an Appendix to the report.


This paper highlights thermal challenges of the Pentium/sup (R)/ III Xeon/sup TM/ processor and materials, and thermal management methods. Cartridge technology development to address thermal issues in a systematic manner and certify new cartridge technology for the 733 MHz lead product and for technology extension up to 1 GHz are discussed. This paper is in three sections. The first describes thermal impedance theory, junction to plate thermal impedance (R/sub jp/) metrology and thermal requirements/targets of cartridge processor thermal design. Thermal modeling using FEA was used to study changes in the nonuniform power junction to plate thermal relation resistance in response to the uniform power R/sub jp/, as well as core and on-die integrated cache power level variations. Thermal test vehicle design to support DOE activities is also illustrated. The second section describes material characterization and validations carried out using this thermal metrology to develop thermal interface materials (TIM) for cartridge packaging. Material development and certification activities of a phase change TIM for 733 MHz processor thermal requirements are described. In the last section, thermal optimization studies driven by technology extensions (800 MHz, 1 GHz) are discussed. For the 800 MHz extension, TIM optimization to improve existing phase change TIM thermal performance was performed. This was achieved by reducing TIM bond line thickness (BLT) via mechanical design and cartridge system electrical test optimizations. Statistical optimization approaches and their implications for cartridge thermal design under use conditions are also discussed.


The dynamics and energy spectrum of spin-polarized electron gases are studied using timeand polarization-resolved interband luminescence experiments in p-type, modulation-doped quantum wells. A non-linear dependence of the electron spin relaxation versus excitation intensity is observed and attributed to a strong coupling of single electronic spin relaxation to the decay of the total polarization of the hole gas. The evolution of the luminescence spectra versus time and excitation power shows non-equilibrium distributions of the two components of the spin-unbalanced electron gas with similar temperatures but different Fermi energies. The spin-dependent band filling dominates over renormalization effects and leads to an appreciable shift between the emission spectra with different helicities of circular polarization. ( 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


This report documents the study of the lateral positions of aircraft on Instrument Landing system (ILS) approaches during the Memphis, Tennessee, Precision Runway Monitor (PRM) demonstration. The PRM is an advanced radar monitoring system that improved the arrival capacity of closely spaced parallel runways in poor weather conditions. The results of this study are used to assist in determining the minimum runway spacing that will be authorized for PRM. The objective of this study was to quantify the lateral character of ILS arrivals and the consequent impact on independent simultaneous ILS arrival to closely spaced parallel runways. The sensitivity of the arriving aircrafts' lateral positions to different variables such as visibility, wind runway, aircraft type, autopilot performance, and localizer beam width was determined. Also, the Memphis arrival data were compared to FAA Technical Center Chicago O'Hare approach data. The analysis was primarily based on surveillance reports of 4,000 ILS arrivais into Memphis International Airport, coUected with the PRM AMPS sensor (ATCRBS Monopulse Processing System). A major result of the study was that lateral aircraft positions w i l l not hamper independent arrivals to parallel runways spaced 3,400 feet apart, but will impede operations at 3,000 feet or smaller unless approach modifications are introduced. Lateral deviations were found to be most sensitive to reduced visibility and certain autopilots. Lateral deviations were also found to be somewhat more at Memphis relative to Chicago O'Hare. Recommendations for further data analysis and collection are discussed. This report documents the study of the lateral positions of aircraft on Instrument Landing System (ILS) approaches during the Memphis, Tennessee, Precision Runway Monitor (PRM) demonstration. The PRM is an advanced radar monitoring system that improves the amval capacity to closely-spaced parallel runways in poor weather conditions. The results of this study are to assist in determining the minimum runway spacing that will be used for PRM. BACKGROUND The growth in air traffic has brought with it a steady increase in the number and duration of flight delays. To address the delays, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is working to increase the current airport system capacity. Numerous approaches are under investigation including improvements to Air Traffic Control procedures, microwave landing systems, additional taxiways, additional runways and even airports, and application of new technology. The Precision Runway Monitor (PRM) program is one of the new technology initiatives of the FAA. The PRM is an advanced radar monitoring system that …


This article describes a ultrasonic measurement system based on microprocessor. By measuring pulse's width, that is the time interval between transmitting and receiving of the ultrasonic wave, the microprocessor control the peripheral circuits, and provide all kinds of signals, including frequency surging, data managing and coding display. This ultrasonic measurement system include transmitting part which contains the gating and differential circuits, and receiving part which contains the signal magnify and filtration circuits.


(EHEC)and were found to carry additional virulence markers besidesStx,suchaseffectorsencodedbythelocusofenterocyteefface-ment(LEE)andvariousnon-LEE-encodedeffectors.Aconceptofmolecularriskassessment(MRA)wasdevelopedbyKarmaliet al. (13) and Coombes et al. (9) that employs PCR for identi-fication of human-pathogenic EHEC. Using the MRA ap-proach for screening STEC collections (6, 8), an increasingnumber of emerging EHEC types was detected.During spring 2011, Europe faced its largest STEC outbreakinvolving an emerging enterohemorrhagic


Travelers to West Central Africa are at risk for infection with Onchocerca volvulus. We describe the case of an adventurous traveler who became infected with O volvulus after a 10-day stay in rural Cameroon. Two years after his return, he was diagnosed with a 3-month history of limb swelling with pruritus and fixed edema of the right arm. He was successfully treated by a single dose of ivermectin, with an additional treatment with doxycycline. The patient was followed-up during 1 year after therapy without relapse. Such travelers experiencing unusual dermatitis syndromes should prompt evaluation for onchocerciasis.


This study aimed to assess biomass production costs from perennial energy crops, such as Miscanthus giganteus, Sida hermaphrodita, and coppiced willow, in selected agricultural holdings. This assessment was based on applied technologies for harvesting the biomass of the energy crops mentioned above. The scope of the study included research on ten farms located in Małopolska and establishing the possibility of biomass production from selected energy crops in these entities. Biomass production costs have been estimated using the computer application "Bioalkylation". The result of the research was the answer to the question: what can be the cost range of biomass production from perennial energy crops for the crops Miscanthus giganteus, Sida hermaphrodita, and coppiced willow as the most popular plants? The study shows that production costs depend primarily on the harvesting technology used and the machinery used in the farm. The harvest with rotary mowers, small presses, and windrows was applied regarding Miscanthus giganteus and Sida hermaphrodita. The costs of biomass production were, on average, 424.7 EUR ha−1 for Miscanthus giganteus and 278.9 EUR ha−1 for Sida hermaphrodita. Concerning tonne, this was 37.6 EUR t−1 for Miscanthus giganteus and 30.0 EUR t−1 for Sida hermaphrodita, respectively. In the case of harvesting energy willow, in the form of whole shoots, inefficient and labour-intensive technologies using chainsaws and combustion cutters were applied. The biomass production costs were thus the highest among the assessed plants and amounted, on average, to 612.1 EUR ha−1, which in terms of tonne corresponded to a value of 30.6 EUR. The obtained results and the analysis presented in the paper may help in planning the cultivation of perennial energy crops in order to obtain biomass used for heating purposes on a farm.


Abstract In this work, we study the performance analysis of underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) transmission link by incorporating optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) using pulse position modulation (PPM) to enhance the channel range and cardinality. Bit error rate (BER) variations are examined versus the range, modulation type (on–off keying (OOK), quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), etc.), number of users as well as the channel attenuation caused by different water types. The power and transmitter inclination angle limitation, of the enhanced system, are also presented in order to determine the threshold for which the minimum BER 10−9 is achievable.


Based on the intention about modern "individual" and his complicated suffering experiences, LU Xun had a deep concern for women's problems. He pointed out the essence sharply that the man-centered culture was "man-eating" and absurd in the history of China, and he responsively self-identified with those women who were called "having lost their chastity". On the one hand, LU Xun warmly expected women to become awakening "modern people"; on the other hand, he doubted about women's liberation clearly. He hesitated between "hope" and "despair" .


According to the author, "this book proposes a complete theory of the laws and forces governing the origin and development of music." Fink considers his theory unique in that he assigns equal weight to natural laws and cultural forces in explaining the phenomenon of music. He maintains that those elements common to the music of most societies of the world-preference for the octave, fifth, and fourth; predominance of pentatonic and diatonic scales; and the distinction between noise and music-all can be explained by acoustical principals. He endorses the overtone series as opposed to the cycle of fifths. Fink pursues his theory with vigor and ingenuity in Part II of the book. He points out that the octave and the fifth are universally preferred intervals because they result from the combination of the fundamental with its first and second overtones, respectively. The fourth, which is not in the overtone series, is on the preferred list nevertheless because (a) it is represented by a low ratio number (3:4), (b) it is the reverse of the fifth, and (c) it produces the tonic as its own second overtone.


Light shelves provide a function to control direct sunlight and introduce daylight into indoor spaces. Also, chilled water flowing in the light shelf can mitigate local cooling demands in perimeter zones. Therefore, in this study, a thermally activated light shelf (TALS) system was proposed, and the TALS's radiative cooling capacity was evaluated. To do this, a mock-up chamber was developed using prototypes of TALS systems based on panel configurations. It is included: 'Insulated' (INS), 'Air layer' (ARL), and 'Air layer with fans' (ARF), which were designed to increase thermal insulation, natural convection, and forced convection in the TALS panels, respectively. The experiment showed that the ARL and ARF increased cooling capacity by 29% and 57% compared to the INS. Natural convective heat transfer and fan-forced airflow in the TALS's air cavity contributed to improving cooling capacity. With the INS and ARL, the air temperature was recorded at 28.6°C, which requires additional space cooling. The ARF reduced air temperature up to 2.0°C because the TALS cavity fans expedited convective heat transfer and mixing air between the cavity and test chamber. The results of this study could be used to estimate TALS cooling capacity and propose an optimal design in buildings.


By P. G. Moore London : Cambridge University Press. Pp. viii + 239. Price 22s. 6d. This book is intended as " a first course, from the beginnings, for schools and universities." The contents list of the first half (104 pp.) follows a familiar pattern.


The present study was conducted to examine the marketed surplus, sale pattern, price spread and price behaviour of mustard in Punjab. A sample of 100 farm households was taken using multistage random sampling technique. Out of the total production of the mustard crop, quantity retained for seed was 0.93 percent, family consumption was 6.19 percent and marketed surplus was 93.02 percent. In sales pattern, the percentage of quantity handled was the highest in Channel-I (58.13 percent), followed by Channel-II (23.64 percent) and Channel-III (18.23 percent). Price spread was the lowest in Channel-III (78.07 per q) and the highest in Channel-I (695.52 per q). The marketing efficiency index was highest in Channel-III (45.62) which indicated that this market channel is the most efficient channel among all the channels in the study area. Significant fluctuations in terms of mustard prices were reported during the period 2011 to 2016. The mustard prices exhibit oscillatory movement along with trend line during the period 2011 to 2016.


The information education and communication (IEC Canadian International Development Agency; Colombo Plan for Economic Development in South and Southeast Asia; Church World Service; Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; Ford Foundation; International Development Resear ch Centre; International Labor Organization; International Planned Parenthood Federation; Organization of American States; Pan American Health Organization; Pathfinder Fund; Population Council; Population Crisis Committee; Rockefeller Foundation; Swedish International Development Authority; United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization; UN Fund for Population Activities; US Agency for International Development; World Education; World Bank; World Health Organization; and World Neighbors.


A method for recovering ARQ data during handover in a portable Internet system is provided to make re-transmission of an ARQ block possible without ARQ reset by transmitting ARQ information, managed in a serving base station, to a target base station during the handover, thereby making handover possible without a loss. A method for recovering ARQ(Automatic Repeat reQuest) data during handover comprises the following steps of: receiving the first ARG data which is temporally stored in a serving base station, wherein the first ARQ data includes the first SDU(Service Data Unit), the first automatic repeat block request sequence number, and the first sub automatic repeat block request sequence number(S270); receiving the second ARG data from the serving base station, wherein the second ARG data includes the second SDU(S280); dividing the first SDU, received from the serving base station, into an ARQ units and transmitting divided units to a mobile terminal(S300); and dividing the second SDU, received from the serving base station, into units and transmitting divided units to the mobile terminal(S310).


Since the 1990s, state-owned enterprises in competitive profession generally take a separation way that " hang difficult problems up " making the key business and the relevant good assets peel off, reorganize and get listed on the stock market.


In this paper,we presented the mathematical expression of the cost saved after adopting the virtual safe inventory strategy to provide support for decision of enterprises whether or not to adopt the virtual safe inventory strategy.


Thoughts in Tian-Zhi and Ming-Gui are important constituent of Mo-tse's doctrines of universal love and antiwar,are the very important external powers used by Mo-tse to prove his doctrine of universal love and antiwar,are the tools to popularize his theory;the idea of ghosts and gods is an important external restraining force in the moral power and reflect the utilitarian attitude of Mo-tse by the standpoint that respect ghosts and gods has the same effect as respect predecessor as cement villagers' friendship;thoughts of Tian-Zhi and Ming-Gui reflect the justicial request of the oppressed,are circuitous symbol of folk mind,have a strong force of critical realism.


Ever since Elschnig' popularized the use of retrobulbar anesthesia in 1925 it has been known that the intra-ocular tension is lowered by this procedure. Atkinson2 has pointed out that there tends to be a deepening of the anterior chamber. Icaza3 and Levett4 suggested the use of retrobulbar injection to relieve pain and lower the tension in acute glaucoma. The studies of vitreous loss by Wright,5 Lancaster,6 Kirby7 and myself,8 have shown that thEe is a posterior segment pressure which is an important proflem in cataract surgery. Elschnig, DeGross,9 Dunphy,10 Greenwood and Grossman11 and my brother, Sanford Gifford,12 all have reported that the use of retrobulbar injection reduces the amount of vitreous loss in cataract surgery. Ferrer,18 Bothman14 and Lombardo/5 checked the intra-ocular tension before cataract operations but made no special separation of intra-ocular tension and vitreous pressure. Ferrer believed that a high preoperative tension was a danger signal. Lombardo demonstrated that a lower preoperative tension was a good prognostic sign. Bothman reported only 1 case of vitreous loss in 23 cases with a high preoperative tension, and 2 cases had inverted flaps or low vitreous pressure at the time of operation. Ferrer16 in a later paper pointed out the fact that intra-ocular pressure did not cease when the chamber was opened. He noted that some eyes had an increased tension but he did not attempt to analyze the difference between intra-ocular tension and vitreous pressure.


The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor captopril has been shown to reverse vascular tolerance to nitroglycerin (NTG). Whether captopril reverses NTG tolerance by providing sulfhydryl (SH) groups or by inhibiting ACE is not clear. To examine this issue, we treated rat aortic rings with buffer, captopril (SH +, ACE inhibitory activity+), enalaprilat (SH –, ACE inhibitory activity+), or N-acetylcysteine (NAC, SH+, ACE inhibitory activity –) prior to their contraction with epinephrine and subsequent relaxation with NTG. Previous exposure of NTG-treated rings resulted in marked resistance to the vasorelaxant effect of a subsequent exposure to NTG in buffer-treated rings. Both N AC and captopril, but not enalaprilat, potentiated the vasorelaxant effects of NTG during the first exposure of vascular rings to NTG and also prevented the development of tolerance to NTG during a second exposure. Buffer-treated rings showed an inability to accumulate cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP) in response to a second exposure to NTG. In contrast, both NAC and captopril-pretreated rings demonstrated a persistence of cyclic GMP accumulation during the second NTG exposure. The endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine (ACh) caused relaxation of the NTG-tolerant rings and also induced cyclic GMP accumulation in these rings. In other experiments, we found that prior exposure of vascular rings to ACh did not cause resistance to the subsequent vasorelaxant effects of ACh. NAC, captopril, and enalaprilat did not modulate the effects of ACh during either the first or subsequent exposures to ACh. In addition, indomethacin did not influence the "protective" effects of NAC or captopril against NTG tolerance. These data show that NTG tolerance does not cause cross-tolerance to ACh. The availability of the SH group, as in NAC and captopril, and not the ACE-inhibitory activity alone, as in enalaprilat, modifies NTG tolerance, and these effects of NAC or captopril are not modified by prostaglandin inhibition. Lastly, these agents do not modulate the vasorelaxant effects of ACh.


In this paper, we study controllability of a network of linear single-integrator agents when the network size goes to infinity. We first investigate the effect of increasing size by injecting an input at every node and requiring that network controllability Gramian remain well-conditioned with the increasing dimension. We provide theoretical justification to the intuition that high degree nodes pose a challenge to network controllability. In particular, the controllability Gramian for the networks with bounded maximum degrees is shown to remain well-conditioned even as the network size goes to infinity. In the canonical cases of star, chain and ring networks, we also provide closed-form expressions which bound the condition number of the controllability Gramian in terms of the network size. We next consider the effect of the choice and number of leader nodes by actuating only a subset of nodes and considering the least eigenvalue of the Gramian as the network size increases. Accordingly, while a directed star topology can never be made controllable for all sizes by injecting an input just at a fraction f <; 1 of nodes; for path or cycle networks, the designer can actuate a non-zero fraction of nodes and spread them throughout the network in such way that the least eigenvalue of the Gramians remain bounded away from zero with the increasing size. The results offer interesting insights on the challenges of control in large networks and with high-degree nodes.


We address the problem of generating query suggestions to support users in completing their underlying tasks (which motivated them to search in the first place). Given an initial query, these query suggestions should provide a coverage of possible subtasks the user might be looking for. We propose a probabilistic modeling framework that obtains keyphrases from multiple sources and generates query suggestions from these keyphrases. Using the test suites of the TREC Tasks track, we evaluate and analyze each component of our model.