Under the condition of high sampling rate,the design of narrow band FIR digital filters by usual ways is impossible.Based on multirate digital signal processing,this paper developed a new method to design the narrow band FIR filters.All of these are confirmed by the computer simulation,and its steps are presented.


The effect of soil aeration and water availability in soils at different erosion levels, on the yield of commercial and damaged tubers of potato (Solanum tuberosum cv. Elvira) was measured under field conditions. This study was conducted in a farming area in Contenda, State of Parana, Brazil, from August to December of 1990. The experimental design used was random blocks with three replications of the following field situations : severely eroded inceptisol, moderately eroded inceptisol, slightly eroded oxisol and uneroded oxisol. Soil volumetric moisture was measured every fifteen days, and all soils were sampled for chemical and physical analysis at the maximum potato flowering. The oxisols showed better conditions of soil aeration and water availability, obtaining greater yield and potato quality. The inceptisols showed smaller quantities of available water and aeration , reducing yield and quality of potato tubers. The severely eroded inceptisol was the least productive, presenting 43% less commercial tubers and 18% more cracked tubers than the uneroded oxisol, the most productive. The yield difference between severely and moderately eroded soils was lesser than between uneroded and slightly eroded soils.


Background Observational studies have revealed associations between diet and lung cancer. However, it is unclear whether the association is disturbed by confounding factors. We used a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method to characterize the associations between diet and the lung cancer risk (including 3 subtypes: lung adenocarcinoma (LA), squamous cell lung carcinoma (SqCLC), and small cell lung cancer (SCLC)). Materials and methods Data on 20 diets were screened from the UK Biobank. Lung cancer data came from a large meta-analysis of 85,716 individuals. The inverse-variance weighted method was used as the main analysis. Sensitivity analysis was also used to explain the different multiplicity patterns of the final model. Results Our results showed significant evidence that 3 diets were associated with lung cancer [odds ratio (OR): 0.271, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.150–0.488, p = 1.46 × 10−4, dried fruit; OR: 3.010, 95% CI: 1.608–5.632, p = 5.70 × 10−4, beer] and SqCLC (OR: 0.135, 95% CI: 0.062–0.293, p = 2.33 × 10−5, dried fruit; OR: 0.485, 95% CI: 0.328–0.717, p = 2.9 × 10−4, cheese). There were also suggestive correlations between 5 dietary intakes and lung cancer (OR: 0.441, 95% CI: 0.250–0.778, p = 0.008, cereal; OR: 2.267, 95% CI: 1.126–4.564, p = 0.022, beef), LA (OR: 0.494, 95% CI: 0.285–0.858, p = 0.012, dried fruit; OR: 3.536, 95% CI: 1.546–8.085, p = 0.003, beer) and SCLC (OR: 0.006, 95% CI: 0.000–0.222, p = 0.039, non-oily fish; OR: 0.239, 95% CI: 0.086–0.664, p = 0.006, dried fruit). No other association between diet and lung cancer was observed. Conclusion Our study preliminary found that cheese, dried fruit, and beer intake were significantly associated with the risk of lung cancer or its subtypes, while cereal, beef, and non-oily fish intake were suggestively associated with the risk of lung cancer or its subtypes. Well-designed prospective studies are still needed to confirm our findings in the future.


On March 17, 2003, manufacturers of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) reached an agreement with the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to discontinue the use of CCA to treat wood by the end of 2003 (The Agreement). Thus, CCA-treated wood has been banned for residential use as of January 1, 2004. The Agreement did not constitute the beginning nor does it signal the end of legal activity involving CCA-treated wood. Lawsuits involving injury allegedly resulting from exposure to CCA began brewing in courts throughout the United States as early as 1985. In 2001, these cases gained significant momentum with the filing of three CCArelated class action lawsuits, two in Louisiana and one in Florida. Shortly thereafter, the first insurance coverage action involving CCA was filed in New York. The Agreement attracted significant media attention to issues involving CCA. The New York Times has published a front-page article on CCA. Other similar articles have been published in the Washington Post, Barron's, and Time magazine. If history is a guide, CCA manufacturers, wood treaters,


This essay revisits the founding texts of Neo-Victorian fiction: John Fowles?s
The French Lieutenant?s Woman (1969) and A. S. Byatt?s Possession: A Romance
(1990) in the context of a reassessment of an ever-expanding genre in contemporary
commercial fiction. I approach the peculiar phenomenon of
Neo-Victorian fiction as a novelist, as well as an academic, and I interrogate
the forms, registers, and methods of the contemporary novels through the
spectral presence of canonical texts of Victorian fiction. Fictions by the
Bronte�s, George Eliot, and Charles Dickens are among the works discussed.
Particular attention is paid to the role of the omniscient narrator, the use of
double narratives, and the problems of endings. The relationship between
the writer and the reader in Victorian and Neo-Victorian fictions therefore
informs the discussion throughout.


Hydrogen Air Fuel Cell Powered Passenger Car FEVER - Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle for Efficiency and Range.- Hydrogen Technology for Mobile Applications Market Launch Concept.- Hydrogen and Natural Gas Buses in the USA. The Cleanest Machines ever Built.- New Opportunity for Hydrogen Fuelled Vehicles.- Methanol/Methyl formate Couple as a Hydrogen Storage and Carrier.- Investigation of Mixture Formation and Combustion Processes in a Hydrogen Fuelled Diesel Engine.- Hydrogen as an Additive to Methane for Spark Ignition Engine Applications.- A Kinetic Examination of the Effects of the Presence of some Gaseous Fuels and Preignition Reaction Products with Hydrogen on its Autoignition Characteristics in Engines.- Effects of Temperature and Time of Exposure on the Flammability Limits of Hydrogen - Air Mixtures.- Hydrogen Production from Fossil Fuels.- Hydrogen Production by Electrolysis.- Electrocatalytic and Hydridic Theory for Hydrogen Electrode Reactions and Prediction of Synergetic Catalysts in the Light of Fermi Dynamics and Structural Bonding Factors..- Stand-Alone Solar Hydrogen Production.- The Advanced Process for Steam Catalytic Conversion of Hydrocarbons in Hydrogen Production.- Hydrogen Production from Methane via Direct High-Power Irradiation of Catalysts.- Plasmabased Hydrogen and Energy Production.- Hydrogen Evolution at Activated NiSx - Cathodes in Water Electrolysis.- A Novel Hydrogen Production Unit Producing Hydrogen under Pressure without the use of a Hydrogen Compressor or Asbestos Membranes.- Photophysical and Photochemical Properties of some Porphyrins used in the Photosensitized Reduction of Water.- Photochemical Studies of In2O3 Admixed Nanostructured TiO2 in Regard to Hydrogen Production through Photoelectrolysis.- The Composite Zirfon(R) Separator for Alkaline Water Electrolysis.- Investigation of the Steady State and Transient Operating Behaviour of a 20 kW Pressure Electrolyser.- Hydrogen Evolution on Ni-P alloys. The Effect of Deposition Conditions.- Production of Hydrogen by Radiolysis.- Decomposition of Water over Zeolites with Possibilities for Measuring Mass Variation of Zeolite during Irradiation.- Ruthenium Catalysts for high Temperature Solar Reforming of Methane.- Hydrogen Production from Hydrogen Sulphide Using Membrane Reactor.- The Behaviour under Vacuum and UV Irradiation of some Ag Zeolites used in Hydrogen Generation.- Pressure and Temperature Effects on Water Dissociation Reaction for Hydrogen Production over Zeolites.- Electrochemical Performance of Zr-Mn-V-Ni Based AB2 Laves Phase Alloys as the Negative Electrodes of Ni/MH Battery.- Application Properties of AB2 - Type Hydrogen Absorbing Alloys.- On-Board Hydrogen Storage System Using Metal Hydride.- Thermodynamic and Structural Changes of an AB2 - Laves - Phase Alloy (Ti0.98 Zr0.02 V0.43 Fe0.06 Cr0.05 Mn1.52) During Extended Thermal Cycling.- Optimisation of Fabrication Conditions of Metal Hydride Electrode Rechargeable with Hydrogen Gas.- Absorption and Capacity of Hydrogen with a La-Ni Alloy Particle Bed.- On the Development of new Hydrogen Storage Materials FeTi(Zr), Mg-xwt% CFMmNi5 and Mg2Ni (Nanoparticle) for Improved Hydrogenation Characteristics.- Thermodynamic Properties and Cyclic-Stability of the System Mg2FeH6.- Characterisation of the Electrochemical Properties of Metal Hydrides by AC Impedance.- Hydrogen-Induced Phase Transformations in H-Storing Alloys of Zirconium.- Effect of Hydrogen Thermo-Sorptive Activation by Metal Hydrides: Main Lines of Investigations and Perspectives.- Industrial Metal-Hydride Continuously Operated Compressor.- Cryo-Hydride Hydrogen Compressor for Pressure up to 4 kbar.- Fracture Mechanics in High Pressure Hydrogen for the Thermomechanically Treated Steel X70.- Neutron Diffraction Studies of the Ti3Al/D System.- The Effect of Improvement Hydrogen-Sorption Properties in Multiphase Polymetallic Compositions.- Comparative Study of Surface State and Electrochemical Properties of TiFe Hydrogen Storage Alloy as well as TiFe2 Alloy by XPS and Polarisation Curves Methods.- Study on the Hydrogen Embrittlement and Corrosion of Stainless Steels Used as Ni/MHX Battery Containers.- Metal Hydrides for a Compressor with Strict Boundary Conditions.- Compatibility of Stainless Steel Type 136L with Molten LiH under Hydrogen Pressure.- Mechanical Alloying and Characterisation of Nanocrystalline Mg2Ni.- Operating Experiences of a Two-Stage Metal Hydride Hydrogen Compressor.- Hydrogen Absorption - Desorption and Crystallographic Characteristics of CeNi5-x (x=0.3-0.85) Intermetallics.- The Importance of Safety in Achieving the Widespread Use of Hydrogen as a Fuel.- An Economical Hydrogen Detector for Passenger Vehicles.- Set-Up of HY-TU View Apparatus for Hydrogen Turbulent Flame Study - First Experiments.- Catalytic Mixed Packing for H2 - O2 Recombination at low Temperature.- WE-NET: The National Hydrogen Program of Japan Vision and Status.- The Euro-Quebec Hydro-Hydrogen Pilot Project (EQHHPP).- Interdisciplinary Perspectives Toward Providing Renewable, Hydrogen-Based Energy to Isolated Communities Worldwide.- Evaluation Tool for Selection and Optimisation of Hydrogen Demonstration Projects.- Public Demonstration of PEM Fuel Cells as Miniature Household Co-Generation Plants in Munich.- Role of the NHA in Strategic Planning for the Hydrogen Economy: An International Initiative.- Renewable Energy Sources (RES) Action Plan in Romania.- Introducing Hydrogen Economically to City Centres.- The Solar Energy Conversion Studies and Systems in the Republic of Armenia.- Application of Hydrogen Energy in the Tourism Development Strategy of the Croatian Islands.- A Steam Cycle with Direct Combustion of Hydrogen and Oxygen and an Isothermal Expansion.- A Study of Advanced Hydrogen / Oxygen Combustion Turbines.- Liquid Hydrogen Technology Present State and Future Fuel Application.- Sea Transportation of Hydrogen Present Status and Future Aspects.- Investigations Into the Operating Behaviour of a 61 m3 Liquid Hydrogen Tank.- An Experimental Feasibility Study of a Cryogenic Fluid Piston Pump Operated by a Linear Oscillatory Actuator Installed in a Cryogenic Liquid Tank.- Studies about the Separation of Molecular Species of Hydrogen's Isotopes by Cryogenic Distillation in a Plant for Heavy Water Detritiation.- Application of Small Scale Fuel Cells in Combined Heat/Power Cogeneration.- Dynamic Modelling of a Catalytic Methanol-Steam Reformer for Fuel-Cell Hydrogen Production.- Hydrogen Utilisation Efficiency in PEM Fuel Cells.- Advanced CO Tolerant Anodes for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (PEFCs).- Mathematical Model of PEM Fuel Cell Catalytic Layer.- High Temperature Proton Conductors Applications and Materials.- Ethanol Fuelled Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell: Technical Feasibility Evaluation (Research and Development).- Combinations of Concentration and Strain Gradient Hydrogen Diffusion Factors in Palladium Alloy Membranes.


Hailey-Hailey Disease is a rare inherited disease that is often to treat. Several case reports have discussed the potential role of dupilumab for the treatment of Hailey-Hailey Disease. Our case presents a patient who required more frequent dosing of dupilumab than previously reported to manage his symptoms. His course was further complicated by development of psoriatic lesions which were successfully treated with topicals steroids, allowing continuation of dupilumab.


The fulfillment of the decree of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the USSR Council of Ministers "On Improving the Planning and Strengthening the Influence of the Economic Mechanism on Increasing the Effectiveness of Production and the Quality of Work" requires improvement in the accounting of inputs of live and embodied labor in production. This imparts particular timeliness to the improvement of prices and presupposes not only the precise calculation of the enterprise cost of production but also the increased substantiation of norms governing the inclusion of profit in prices.


This study is aimed to analyze the changes of agricultural products trader performance in traditional markets and the factors that influence the changes of revenue and profits of the agricultural products traders as the effect of the growing number of modern stores in Bekasi. Processing and data analysis methods used in this study are quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis. The methods used to analyze changes in the performance of the agricultural product traders in traditional markets is paired t-test. The method to analyze the factors that influence changes in revenue and profits of the agricultural product traders in traditional markets is OLS. Results of paired t-test shows that there are changes in revenue, profit, operating hours, circulation of goods, number of buyers, the number of customers and employees after the modern market development. Analysis of OLS shows that dummy variables of gender, education level, number of kiosk, space of kiosk, rice main commodity also fresh fruits and vegetables main commodity significantly influence the total revenue. Meanwhile, dummy variables of gender, level of education, trading experience, number of kiosk, space of kiosk and location significantly influence profit.


Summary form only given, as follows. A one dimensional multi-species fluid model has been developed to analyze the operation of an ac plasma display panel (AC PDP) that is filled with a helium-xenon Penning mixture. The AC PDP is a promising candidate in the flat panel display industry especially for information displays having large screen areas. A PDP consists of a matrix of gas cells operating at pressures of several hundred Torr. In each cell a micro discharge is initiated using special driving circuitry that typically have address, sustain and erase pulse wave forms. The AC PDP has a memory characteristic which eliminates the need for a refresh pulse once a cell has been addressed. To ensure that a single sustain pulse can maintain a cell in the ON or OFF state, a large memory margin is essential. The model includes continuity equations for helium metastables, decaying helium excited species, helium ions, xenon metastable species, decaying xenon excited species, xenon ions, xenon dimers and electrons, a wall charge equation, Poisson's equation and a circuit equation. The model is used to calculate the voltage transfer curves, maximum sustain voltage, minimum sustain voltage and the bi-stable margin for the panel. The voltage transfer curves yield the first on and first off voltages from which the operation of the panel can be systematically described. Using a fully implicit method allows multi-pulse calculations to be performed in a reasonable amount of time and give the same values for first on and first off voltages in the He/Xe mixture calculations. In a multi-pulse simulation of the first on voltage, the model predicts the growth in wall charge until the panel turns on as has been observed in experiments. The advantage of using a fluid description which uses the local field approximation (LFA) to calculate the collisional electron driven excitation and ionization rates, is that it is computationally fast and yields results that are relatively good when compared to experiment The disadvantage of LFA is that the bi-stable margin obtained is wider, for example, by about 40% in a helium filled panel as compared to experiment. The model can be used for parametric studies to observe the effects of variations in pressure, gap width, and percentage of xenon on the first on and first off voltages, bi-stable margin and on xenon metastable and dimer populations. We will present results of such parametric variations and comparisons with experiments.


Objective To summarize the lessons of misdiagnosing and mistherapy of DCRV and to analyse the reasons.Methods To review Diagnosis and Therapy of 3 Cases with DCRV who were misdiagnos.Results 2 cases of the 3 patients was misdiagnosed the stenosis loop of right ventricle for VSD.Conclusions The key points of preventing misdiagnosing and mistherapy are as follow:Be cautious on this disease;Know well about the anatomy character of the deformation;Intensify the discern of this disease when performing operation.


Although anxiety-related responding is associated with performance deficits on various cognitive and behavioral tasks, research exploring the relation between anxiety and IQ performance is equivocal and characterized by methodological limitations. In the present study, 80 undergraduate students completed a battery of self-report anxiety instruments and WAIS-III performance sub-tests. Physiological data were also recorded. Using multivariate statistical procedures (factor analysis, path analysis, multiple regression) that explored relations among testing anxiety, general anxiety, physiological responsivity, and online anxiety, only testing anxiety (negatively) and heart rate reactivity (positively) accounted for significant unique variance in predicting performance IQ. The negative impact of testing anxiety was particularly relevant to the block design and picture arrangement sub-tests and heart rate reactivity positively was associated with performance on the digit-symbol coding sub-test. Study limitations are presented and results are discussed within the context of deficit and interference models such as processing efficiency theory.


On the basis of the collections of the R/V Vityaz in the Banda Sea, Indonesia, a review of the chiton fauna of the genera Belknapchiton and Leptochiton was carried out. Leptochiton commandorensis , until now known only from the northern Pacific near the Commander Islands, is here added to the four known Indonesian deep sea species. This species turned out to be with juveniles in the pallial groove. A scanning electron microscope study of the collected specimens of B. giganteus made a corrected, supplemented description of this rare species possible. The age variability of the valves shape and shell sculpture of the two collected species was studied. Particular attention is paid to the age variability of the number of micraesthetes on the tegmentum grains and the position of the mucro.


An independent modal space control (IMSC) algorithm is presented, whose modal control forces are generated from a positive position feedback (PPF) strategy. The proposed algorithm combines the attributes of both the IMSC and the PPF, and maintains the simplicity of the IMSC as it designs the controller of a complex structure at the uncoupled modal level. The effectiveness of the algorithm in damping out the vibration of flexible structures is validated experimentally. A simple cantilevered beam is employed as an example of a flexible structure whose multimodes of vibration are controlled by a single actuator. Performance of the active control system is determined in the frequency and the time domains. The experimental results indicate the potential of the proposed methodology as a viable method for controlling the vibration of large flexible structures.


Chemosensory proteins(CSPs) are small soluble proteins abundantly distributed in various chemosensory organs of insects. They have many different physiological functions. In the model insect silkworm(Bombyx mori),the expression pattern of csp9 gene and CSP9 protein at different development stages and in different tissues and organs of the5th instar larvae were investigated,which will provide useful information for further function and mechanism analysis of silkworm and insect CSPs. qRT-PCR analysis indicated that csp9 gene had high expression levels in head,thorax,abdomen and caudal parts of silkworm larvae of the 5th instar while among the internal organs only ovary was found to have csp9 expression. Immunofluorescent localization indicated extensive distribution of CSP9 in epidermal chemosensory organs of head,abdomen and tail throughout the larval stage. qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses showed that CSP9 has obvious regular expression patterns at different developmental stages of silkworm larva and pupa. The expression level was low in all the molting larvae. It started to increase in newly exuviated larvae,then decreased at 12 h after feeding.Expression of CSP9 increased rapidly again at end of the5th instar before spinning and decreased at 2 d after pupation,then increased again at the end of pupa stage.Therefore,CSP9 was speculated to be an important regulatory factor not only related to functions of epidermal chemosensory organs of silkworm larvae but also involved in metamorphosis at different developmental stages of silkworm.


Particle swarm optimization(thereafter as PSO) algorithm is a kind of new group intelligent algorithm based on foraging of birds while inertial weight is one of important parameters in PSO algorithm of which selection for the value is directly affecting development and exploration capabilities during the period of optimizing of the particle.On the basis of introducing basic principles of PSO algorithm,this paper analyzes impact of inertial weight on astringency and discusses study progress of inertial weight of present documents.In addition,it makes comments on research achievements and shortages of various value strategies for inertial weight.


The potentiality of neural networks for retrieving vertical profiles of atmospheric temperature and vapor is investigated. Inputs to the net are the brightness temperatures measured by a ground-based multichannel microwave radiometer and the surface measurements of temperature and relative humidity. A neural network algorithm has been tested comparing its retrievals with those obtained by means of a linear statistical inversion applied on the same data sets. The analysis has been limited to the case of profiles with clouds to test the ability of the neural network to face nonlinear problems. The technique has proven to be flexible, showing a good capability of exploiting information provided by other instruments, such as a laser ceilometer. A fault tolerance evaluation has also been considered, which showed interesting properties of robustness of the algorithm.


Positron Tomography/Computer Tomography (PET/CT) imaging of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake is frequently used to recognize malignant nature of abnormal findings at anatomical investigations. However, several benign structures can mimic cancer glucose avidity. This case report pertains to a large mediastinal mass, incidentally detected on a coronary Computer Tomography (CT) study and showing heterogeneous signal hyperintensity in T1- weighted sequences at a subsequent Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). CT-guided biopsy failed to provide adequate specimen; 18F-FDG PET/CT documented an extremely high glucose analogue consumption (maximum Standardized Uptake Value: 29). In order to exclude every alternative possibility before attempting a potentially hazardous surgery, we hypothesized the possible presence of a hibernoma. To test this hypothesis, we verified the influence of sympathetic innervation on lesion uptake, by repeating 18F-FDG imaging under beta-blockade: this scan documented the complete disappearance of the anomalous tracer uptake. A 6-months follow-up scan documented stable lesion volume and persistently absent 18F-FDG uptake under the beta-blockers, thus presumably excluding the malignant nature of the increased tracer uptake.


The Markov localization algorithm is a means of estimating position of a mobile robot using a probability density over the environment of the robot's moving. By means of sensory data and motion model, it can be used to estimate robot's position under global uncertainty. However,some problems are found in our study. For example, the probability density cannot be recovered when it decreases to zero. A robot with only distance sensors cannot find its position in a symmetrical environment by means of Markov localization algorithm alone. In order to solve these problems a modified Markov localization algorithm is presented, and an approach in which a robot is equipped with a compass or gyroscope, has been proposed. An angle Guassian distribution defined in this paper is used to construct a new perceptual model for the robot and the new localization technique based on these ideas is thoroughly presented. A simulation program is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new technique for a robot moving in a symmetrical environment.


A well-structured and controlled design methodology, along with a supporting hierarchical design system, has been developed to optimally support the development effort on several programs requiring gate array and semi custom Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) design. In this paper, we will present an application of VLSI in System Biology. This work examines signaling networks that control the survival decision treated with combinations of three primary signals the pro death cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF), and the pro survival growth factors, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin. We have made model by taking three inputs, than made the truth table, Boolean equation and than implement the equation using Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language (VHDL) (Xilinx Tool) and MATLAB simulator.


This study investigated whether the scores of Mormons (members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints) differed from the validity results of the C o u p le ' s Pre-Counseling Inventory revised (Stuart & Jacobson, 1987). Significant differences were found between the validity study and responses from the subjects suggesting these (differences) are crucial areas to consider when dealing with Mormon couples. The importance for thera pists and researchers to consider and employ client's values as a part of therapeutic endeavors is discussed. A client's specific values are proffered as identifying them as part of a subculture (e.g. members of a church) as equally important and recognizable as the readily identi fied cultural groups. Knowing the values of a subcultural or cultural group, how they are demonstrated via daily life, and how they differ from standard scores given in validity studies are recommended as important to the therapeutic process; providing insights that can increase the efficacy of therapy. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Client Perspective 4


PT Sinar Sosro is a pioneer in Indonesia"s biggest tea beverage industry, by inventing the first glass-bottled tea beverage product in Indonesia and in the world, with its trademark "Teh Botol Sosro". One of Sosro product innovation is fruit-flavoured tea, known with the brand "Fruit Tea". Following the success of PT SS, more and more tea processing company try to trail Sosro.In order to maintain its market, one thing that should be continuously done is the promotion activity.The aim of this research is to find out the influence of promotion (publicity and sales promotion) to selling volume of Fruit Tea in PT Sinar Sosro KP Cibinong.The method used in this research is multiple regression analysis. The result of this research shows that publicity and sales promotion simultaneously influence significantly and positively to the selling volume. While partially, publicity influences significantly yet negatively to selling volume, and sales promotion influences significantly yet positively to selling volume.Keyword: marketing, promotion mix, publicity, sales promotion


The authors designed a new pad for urinary incontinence. It is composed of a cloth of acrylonitrile copper sulfide and another cloth of iron‐phthalocyanine. In vitro experiments showed that acrylonitrile copper sulfide cloth inhibited the growth of most bacteria causing urinary tract infection, and that iron‐phthalocyanine cloth effectively eliminated bad‐smelling gases. The use of this pad relieved diaper‐dermatitis and diminished offensive smells from feces and urine. This pad was well received by nurses and helpers taking care of incontinent elderly people.


In this paper the dynamic responses of twin bodies connected by springs under the action of incident waves are discussed. The Galerkin approximation is used in the fluid region to derive the finite element method. The radiation waves generated by twin bodies floating on water, are computed by this method. In order to check the method, the added mass coefficients and the wave damping coefficients for a single half circular cylinder are calculated and compared with those obtained from various other methods and they are in very good agreement. The calculations for twin bodies are performed for 20 different frequencies. The added mass coefficients and the wave damping coefficients for twin bodies display complicated variations with respect to frequencies. The dynamic responses of twin bodies with connections of different stiffness are calculated. The results show that for each dynamic response there always exist two peak values with respect to frequencies. The bigger stiffness of the connection may counteract the sheltering effect from the upwave body.


We use a broker firm's initial public offering (IPO) as a special event of organisational structure change and test its effects on the broker firm's analyst recommendations. We find that analysts increase recommendations and the increases are significant in the few years after their broker firms' IPO. The increases in recommendation of affiliated brokers are significantly larger than those of unaffiliated brokers. Newly listed broker firms experience significant increases in revenue and trade commissions and the increases are positively related to the recommendation changes. More importantly, recommendation bias declines as the newly listed broker firm seasons and as the firm's revenue increases. The results support the economic incentive hypothesis but reject both the scrutiny and status-change hypotheses.


In magnetoresistive (MR) heads, domain instability in writer yoke shortly after write operation is detected by reader as a largc transient spike. This type of magnetic instability impairs sector-servo performance in disk drives and is known as popcorn noise (PCN). The noise is induced by the cooling-off of a non-zero magnetostriction (A) yoke after write as well as thermally activated domain wall jumps [l]. Driven by ever increasing areal density and data rate, advanced writer designs employ shorter yoke and less number of coil tums. This demands larger write current and translates into increasing wrile current heating per tum. Eddy current loss at high frequency further aggravates this issue. Therefore, it is pivotal to understand ihe impact of writer heating on popcorn noise over a wide range of write current and frequency. Popcom noise of intcgrated inductivc write/@ valve (SV) read heads was tested on a Guzik spin stand tester. A fxed voltage threshold of 1SOpV was used to detect PCN. Write length for each writelread cycle is 50p Heads with moderate PCN counts were also tested at various write current (Iw=30-60mA) and frequency (10-160MHz). Despite a head-to-head variation, most heads show a PCN peak around 100MHz. The peak PCN count as well as the peak width increases with increasing write current. A typical example is shown in Fig.1.


Objectives: To estimate the risks that a caesarean first birth, compared with a vaginal first birth, imposes in the second birth regarding maternal and perinatal outcomes. Methods: It was a retrospective hospital-based cohort study carried out in R. G. Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal between July 2010 to June 2011. Total number of cases studied during that period was 2500. Results: A total of 2500 consecutive women admitted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, R. G. Kar Medical College & Hospital were recruited in the study. Among them 1809 women belonged to the previous vaginal delivery cohort and 691 women belonged to the previous caesarean delivery cohort. Prior caesarean delivery increases the incidence of placenta previa (1.45%, OR 2.4, p value 0.046), indeterminate APH (4.34%, OR 2.115, p 0.0026), malpresentations (6.22%, OR 1.473, p 0.047), uterine rupture (0.58%, OR 23.668, p 0.034), placenta accreta (0.87%, OR 34.316, p 0.016) in the subsequent pregnancy. Prior caesarean delivery also increases the risk of preterm birth (6.51%. OR 1.486, p 0.039), very preterm birth (3.03%, OR 1.798, p 0.04) and unexplained stillbirth (2.17%, OR 1.985, p 0.046) in the future pregnancies compared with prior vaginal birth Conclusion: Caesarean section as a mode of delivery imposes risks of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes in the subsequent pregnancies.


4-O-β-tri-N-acetylchitotriosyl moranoline (GN3M) is a transition-state analogue for hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) and identified as the most potent inhibitor till date. Isothermal titration calorimetry experiments provided the thermodynamic parameters for binding of GN3M to HEWL and revealed that the binding is driven by a favorable enthalpy change (ΔH° = −11.0 kcal/mol) with an entropic penalty (−TΔS° = 2.6 kcal/mol), resulting in a free energy change (ΔG°) of −8.4 kcal/mol [Ogata et al. (2013) 288, 6,072–6,082]. Dissection of the entropic term showed that a favorable solvation entropy change (−TΔS solv° = −9.2 kcal/mol) is its sole contributor. The change in heat capacity (ΔC p°) for the binding of GN3M was determined to be −120.2 cal/K·mol. These results indicate that the bound water molecules play a crucial role in the tight interaction between GN3M and HEWL.


In order to simulate the reduction behavior of shaft for blast furnaces with less quantity of coal injection, oxygen enrichment blasting as well as high quantity of coal injection and full oxygen blasting, the borist furnace was used. The test results showed that the reduction in the shaft of oxygen blast furnace is improved obviously and the metallization ratios of sinter, pellets and ore are above 70 %, 80 % and 90 % respectively. The metallization ratio of burden in the shaft of oxygen blast is 2 times higher than that in the normal blast furnaces. The strength of sinter is changeless but the strengths of pellet and ore decreases greatly during reduction.


The work presented here is part of the doctoral dissertation successfully defended on 24th of September 2012 with professors Soren Asmussen nad Florin Avram as part of the examining committee. Professor Soren Asmussen's merits, besides his vast investigation work, is John von Neumann Theory Prize (2012) and Sobolev Gold Medal (2011). Risk is inherent to the insurance business and so is the necessity to quantify it. Insurance companies operating in a branch of insurance business need to cover the claims resulting from a portfolio of the contracts. Since the amounts and the timing of these claims is unknown in advance, the company needs to determine some regular patterns in the uncertain quantities to accrue appropriate funds to cover its liabilities. The decision on the volume of these funds, often called reserves, is a trade-off between the solvency and the efficiency of the capital management. Insufficient reserves will lead a company to bankruptcy, while excessive reserves mean a waste of capital resources and loss of competitiveness in the market. The problem of solvency is not only important for the insurance companies themselves but also for the regulator of the insurance market. The requirement of a minimum obligatory reserves that have to be withhold in a company operating in the insurance industry is indeed one of the three pillars sustaining the new set of the regulatory requirements being prepared for the European Union insurance market: Solvency II. The reliable quantitative tools to assess the adequacy of the monetary requirements are not only interesting on their own sake as a theoretical challenge but are also essential for practical purposes, especially in view of recent international financial crisis that, far from being exclusive to banking sector, may affect the insurance industry as well. In the first part of the work we develop a method to determine the level of minimum capital necessary to guarantee the solvency requirements (i.e. 99,5% capital sufficiency). In the second part of the work, the optimal allocation of the required capital is examined. Depending on the risk appetite of the particular insurance company, this necessary capital may be invested in a varying bundle of conservative assets (bonds) or risky assets (stocks). This way, an answer to several crucial questions is given: What is the reasonable level of capital necessary to guarantee the solvency of a company? What is the optimal allocation of this capital? What is the risk the company is undertaking at each moment as a function of its investment strategy, capital availability, market situations and nature of its liabilities? In this work, a solvency problem of an insurance company is treated in a shortterm and long-term horizon. The advantage of the long term horizon approach over year to year basis is that ruin problems, being very unusual in short term, are more difficult to grasp in one year horizon since the phenomena are extremely uncommon. Consequently, the extrapolation approach to long term conclusions from short term estimations could deliver misleading results. It is important to realise that the model we use in order to obtain the desired answers to the questions stated previously is general enough to reflect the complexity of the real situation scenarios and yet tractable enough to obtain numerical answers with high precision. On one hand, the collection of premiums is modelled by a diffusion process without assuming any regularity pattern ("constant rate" or "all at the beginning of the period" assumptions). The evolution of the macroeconomic variables, such as the inflation rate, interest rate, economic cycles, and others, are included through a markovian environment determining the coefficients of the model. The market investment environment is modelled by the most advanced techniques, namely Lévy processes that go beyond usual geometric brownian motion setting, overcoming its limitations. The additional advantage of Markov-modulated models is that, due to their flexibility, they can adapt any alternative model arbitrarily well. This is technically supported by the denseness property of this type of stochastic models. The risk associated with a particular portfolio is quantified using several criteria. The most common one, is the probability that ruin happens within a given horizon. Though being the principal quantity of interest, other important aspects related to the reserve process have drawn continuous attention, most notably the deficit at ruin and recovery time. One can argue that the bankruptcy does not really occur until the deficit is important enough so that the company cannot recover through a short term loan. The deficit at ruin is the amount of money the company lacks to cover the claims when ruin occurs. It indicates the severity of the financial insufficiency. Closely related to this is the concept of recovery time that represents how long it takes until the company recovers to positive reserves, or even to required minimum reserves levels. Other quantities that appear in ruin theory literature is the distribution of the surplus just before the ruin, the deficit just after the ruin and the time at which the ruin occurred. The joint distribution of these three events gives detailed insight into how dangerous is a particular financial situation at a given moment. A general framework to analyse these indicators have been developed in a series of papers by Gerber and Shiu (Gerber and Shiu (1997, 1998a,b)). A general utility function dependent on time and severity of ruin or remaining surplus in case of the survival of a given horizon is introduced and denoted as the penalty-reward function. Its expected discounted present value is studied and the above mentioned quantities (ruin and survival probabilities, time of ruin, etc.) are shown to be special cases.


As in so many other parts of our society, COVID-19 has forced many changes to the ways in which academic libraries operate. The response of higher education to the pandemic has revealed both how vital academic libraries are to the academic enterprise and to scientific advancement at-large through open access initiatives. It has also highlighted that libraries are not alone in confronting the long-term challenges of sustainability with respect to the current scholarly communication marketplace, and the affordability of higher education more broadly. For academic libraries to assume a leadership role in higher education's search for solutions, we must first reconcile our own identity in the new landscape. We need to ground ourselves in a new way of operating: embracing iterative development techniques while deliberately combining collections strategy, digital initiatives, and outreach efforts to support open scholarship.


With the new throughput limits required for today applications, dedicated hardware architectures are needed to obtain proper error correction. To achieve that, the evolution from binary LDPC codes to non-binary LDPC codes is necessary, and this evolution implies in a greater decoding complexity. The best algorithm that provides a good hardware complexity and performance trade-off is the Extended Min-Sum using the Forward Backward scheme. Unfortunately, it presents low throughput and high latency. In this work, a new hardware for a check node of a NB-LDPC decoder based on the Syndrome-Based algorithm is presented. It provides the state-of-the-art communication performance, combined with reduced area,low latency and high throughput.


We consider the problem of semiparametric Bayes joint modeling of predictors and a response variable, with a particular emphasis on functional predictors. Parametric models for the predictor and response are coupled through a joint distribution for subjectspecific predictor and response coefficients. This joint distribution is assigned a flexible mixture prior, which allows the response distribution within predictor clusters to be unknown. Marginalizing out the random atoms and random weights, we obtain a useful closed form bivariate predictor rule. To avoid label ambiguity and accelerate computation, we propose a combined sequential updating and Gibbs sampling algorithm for posterior computation. The methods are applied to data on weight gain during pregnancy and birth weight.


Itahari Sub-metropolitan pond is located in the centre of the city. Influence of variations in physico-chemical parameters on aquatic flora and fauna especially in fishes brought strong stress on fishes and increases the incidence of diseases leading to high mortality. Due to lack of adequate knowledge about it, productivity of ponds is very low. In the present study, maximum and minimum variations and correlation between different physico-chemical parameters - air temperature, water temperature, pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids, dissolved carbon dioxide, ammonia, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, chloride, total alkalinity, total hardness and phosphate were taken into consideration. The water quality of fish ponds were normal except high fluctuation of chloride 4.0 - 44.87mg/l and ammonia 0.48-13.6 mg/l during manuaring period and casual addition of wastes like toilet cleaners, caustic potash etc.. Due to sudden fall in DO less than 4 mg/l during April and May, 2014 and increment of ammonia after addition of toilet wastes in Sept.19, 2015 ; mass mortality of fishes Labeo rohita, Cirrhina mrigala, Hypothalamichthys molitrix, Aristichthysnobilis occurred in the study site.


One of the main directions for improving the quality of the provision of transport services is to bring the level of service and infrastructure development to European standards, increase the level of safety and reduce the negative impact on the environment.
Accordingly, the role of an integrated consideration of logistics solutions increases; rationality is no longer considered only in economic terms (expenses, income, payback period, etc.), but also in terms of the impact on the surrounding social and natural environment (harmful emissions, road accidents, traffic congestion, noise, etc.).
The purpose of the article is to examine the LTL cargo delivery system in terms of various components of economic and socio-environmental impacts and associated costs.
The authors analyze and gives their own vision of the basic terminology and concepts related to the transportation of LTL cargo.
The existing demand for LTL cargo transportation between regions of Ukraine has been analyzed and a significant (more than 50%) share of demand for such transportation among the total number of requests for delivery between regions of the country has been determined.
The process of LTL cargo delivery is considered on the basis of the interaction of the relevant stakeholders, the list and characteristics of which are determined for a consolidated and non-consolidated delivery technology.
The main attention is paid to the assessment of the system of economic and socio-ecological interactions accompanying the delivery process, as well as the corresponding costs and losses. The main components of costs are stated, which, according to the authors, should be taken into account when assessing the feasibility of applying a particular scheme of LTL cargo delivery. A set of factors that affect the boundaries of the expediency of using the consolidated technology of LTL cargo .


More generalized forms of a half-toning cell for ordered-dither digital halftoning are investigated. The subdivision of these into subcells and the systematic assignment to the latter of threshold values result in favorable characteristics which can be evaluated visually in spatial terms and analytically in terms of their frequency range. This enables the most suitable type of array to be found for a given output medium. By using these arrays instead of the square matrices with clustered threshold value distribution which are customary in many cases, it is possible to improve both the line reproduction and the visible texture to an extent which would otherwise only become feasible by means of improvements in the hardware.<<ETX>>


A 40-year-old Indigenous Australian woman was referred to an outreach dermatology clinic in the Top End of the Northern Territory for assessment of painful lip ulceration of 2 years' duration. She had been reviewed 16 months earlier in a distant regional centre, and a diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the lip had been proposed. Skin biopsy had not been performed and the patient had refused a planned extensive surgical excision of the lip lesion at that assessment. Her general health was good.


The Baltimore Area Chapter of The Climate Reality Project submits these comments in response to the proposed rule, The Enhancement and Standardization of Climate-Related Disclosures for Investors (henceforth, "Climate-Related Disclosures"). The Climate Reality Project is a global nonprofit organization dedicated to catalyzing a global solution to the climate crisis. If properly developed and implemented, the proposed rule could have significant climate mitigation and adaptation benefits.


Orthodontic treatment aims at providing acceptable functional and aesthetic occlusions using appropriate tooth movements. These movements are specifically related to interactions of the teeth with their supportive periodontal tissues. Periodontic and orthodontic interactions usually deal with the establishment of an appropriate diagnosis and the treatment planning needed to enable coordinated periodontic-orthodontic therapy. A harmonious cooperation of the periodontist and the orthodontist offers great possibilities for the treatment of various orthodontic-periodontal problems. The present discussion focused on the effects of a combined periodontal and orthodontic treatment on the periodontal health and dentofacial aesthetics, and the mode that each field can contribute to optimize treatment of combined orthodontic-periodontal clinical problems.


number : ISRS04-1258 1 Construction of Gridded Wind-stress Products over the World Ocean by Tandem Scatterometer Mission Kunio Kutsuwada, Minoru Kasahara and Naoki Morimoto School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokai University, 3-20-1, Orido, Shimizu, Shizuoka 424-8610, Japan E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract : Products of gridded surface wind and windstress vectors over the world ocean have been constructed by satellite scatterometer data with highly temporal and Products of gridded surface wind and windstress vectors over the world ocean have been constructed by satellite scatterometer data with highly temporal and spatial resolutions. Even if the ADEOS-II/SeaWinds has supplied surface wind data only for short duration in Apr. to Oct. 2003 to us, it permits us to construct a product with higher resolution together with the Qscat/SeaWinds. In addition to our basic product with its resolution of 1° x 1° in space and daily in time, we try to construct products with 1/2°x 1/2° and semiand quarter-daily resolution. These products are validated by inter-comparison with in-situ data (TAO and NDBC buoys), and also compared with numerical weather prediction(NWP) ones (NCEP reanalysis). Result reveals that our product has higher reliability in the study area than the NCEP's. For the open ocean regions in the middle and high latitudes where there are no in-situ data, we find that there are clear differences between them. Especially in the southern westerly region of 40°-60°S, the wind-stress magnitudes by the NCEP are significantly larger than the others, suggesting that they are overestimated. We also calculate wind-stress curl field that is an important factor for ocean dynamics and focus its spatial character in the northwestern Pacific around Japan. Positive curl areas are found to cover from southwest to northeast in our focus region and almost correspond to the Kuroshio path. It is suggested that the vorticity field in the lower atmosphere is related to the upper oceanic one, and thus an aspect of air-sea interaction process.


Part 1 The World We Have Part 2 Rights and Duties Chapter 3 The Perfect Citizen Chapter 4 The Evil of Banality Chapter 5 Hope's Imagination Part 6 Virtues and Vices Chapter 7 A Friendship Chapter 8 Challenges to Virtue Chapter 9 The Pact of Civility Part 10 Spaces and Dreams Chapter 11 In the Arcades Chapter 12 Postcultural Identities Chapter 13 Places to Dream Part 14 The World We Want


Introduction: Heterotype pregnancy has been defined as coexistence of intrauterine and ectopic pregnancy. Coexistence of intrauterine and ovarian pregnancy is rare and often occurs in women who use Intra-Uterine Device (IUD) or women under assisted reproductive technology. We report a case who presented abdominal pain and an adenexal mass in ultrasound scanning. Post-operative diagnosis was coexistence of intrauterine and ovarian pregnancy. Case Report: The paitent was a 29 year  old woman G4P3 who presented abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and a four months history of menstrural  cessassion and a two months history of spotting. On physical examination, her uterus was in approximatly the  18 th week stage of pregnancy. There was abvious tenderness in LLQ. A firm mass estimated to be about 3 cm was palpable. In clinical and paraclinical evaluations she had 17 week intrauterine pregnancy and a left adenexal  mass with 7.5 week pregnancy sac without heart bit. Post-operative pathological examination revealed heterotype pregnancy with ovarian pregnancy. Discussion: Heterotype pregnancy is rare and the vast majority of cases are a coexistence of tubal and intra-uterine pregnancy. Coexistence of intrauterine and ovarian pregnancy is very rare. Probably, the predisposing factor in this patient was the use of IUD. Recently, this has been reported frequently in cases of ovarian heterotype pregnancy. In this patient, ovarian tissue was seen around the pregnancy sac. The most common symptom is abdominal pain followed by delay in menstruation cycle and spotting. Diagnosis of ovarian pregnancy accompanied by intra-uterine pregnancy is difficult. In this situation serial measurment of  hcG is not useful, since the intra-uterine pregnancy causes appropriate rise in hcG concentration. On the other hand, ultrasonography may show false negative results in the detection of ectopic pregnancy or make incorrect diagnosis of corpus louteum cyst.


Summary The effects of various factors on gel formation in the California Mastitis Test (CMT) were studied to obtain information on the mechanism of the reaction. Death of the leucocytes in milk, produced either by storing the milk at 5°C or by freezing and thawing, markedly reduced the viscosity of the gel formed by the milk with CMT reagent. Samples of skim-milk to which leucocytes were added gave increasingly viscous gels with CMT reagent as the pH was increased to 10·0. Soluble casein increased the viscosity of the gel formed by leucocytes with CMT reagent. The viscosity of the gel was decreased by the addition of CaCl2 and NaCl. On microscopic examination the gel formed in the CMT appeared as an irregularly arranged fibrillar network containing DNA. Deoxyribonuclease I rapidly eliminated the gel-forming property of leucocyte nuclei with CMT reagent, and EDTA inhibited this enzyme activity. Crude protease, trypsin, papain and bacterial protease decreased the gelforming property to different degrees. The presence of EDTA with these enzymes resulted in the formation of a viscous, ropy gel before the addition of CMT reagent. It was concluded that at least a part of the protein of the DNA-protein complex of leucocyte nuclei, in addition to the native polymer of DNA, was necessary for gel formation in the CMT reaction.


In this work I defend moral realism, the thesis that there are objective moral truths, by defending "epistemic realism." Epistemic realism is the thesis that epistemic judgments, e.g., judgments that some belief is epistemically reasonable, or justified, or known or should be held, are sometimes true and made true by stance-independent epistemic facts and properties. One might think that epistemic realism needs no defense because it is obviously true and nearly universally accepted. But there are influential arguments against moral realism, which is analogous to epistemic realism: moral realists think that moral judgments, e.g., that something is morally good, or ought to be done, are sometimes true because there are stance-independent moral facts and properties. Moral irrealists deny this for a variety of semantic, metaphysical, psychological and epistemological reasons. They argue that moral judgments are neither true nor false since they are non-cognitive expressions of emotion or commands, or are never true since they fail to refer, or that their truth is "relative." Drawing on the moral irrealisms of Ayer, Stevenson, Hare, Mackie, Harman, and more recent thinkers, I construct parallel arguments for epistemic irrealisms. On these views, epistemic judgments are also merely expressive, a kind of command, always false, or relativistic in truth conditions: even "epistemic platitudes" like "justified beliefs are better than unjustified beliefs" and "ideally, one's beliefs ought to be consistent" are understood not as epistemic propositions that might be believed (much less believed truly), or as attempts to accurately represent epistemic facts, or as attributions of epistemic properties. The implications of these claims are highly at odds with common epistemological assumptions, even those that moral irrealists tend to accept. I argue that these implications are rationally unacceptable and that, therefore, the premises that support them should be rejected. Since these premises are those given in defense of moral irrealisms, I thereby defend both moral and epistemic realism. Thus, I argue that


The paper presents two algorithms of the Monte Carlo method for estimating the optical transfer function (OTF) of the atmosphere-underlying surface system. Some results of numerical calculations of the mean value of the frequency- contrast characteristics of the scattering coefficients of a random field are presented. The calculations are based on horizontally-inhomogeneous models of the stochastic atmosphere, built on the Palms fluxes. The values, on the average, increase when transferring from the determined model to a one-dimensional stochastic model and then to a 3- D stochastic model. The obtained values of the frequency- contrast characteristics (FCC) were used for the correction of the simulated 'space snapshots' of test objects.


: The paper aims to research how secondary school (German: Oberstufe) students perceive the quality of English teachers' competencies in terms of their effect on students' learning. Four major categories of teacher competencies (prescribed by the Ministry of Schleswig Holstein) were examined to discover the quality of teachers' competencies as perceived by teachers on the one hand, and the effect of these competencies on students' overall English language knowledge on the other. The ratings of teacher and student perceptions were quantitatively gathered in a survey using a five point Likert scale. Students' responses were qualitatively collated and analysed as well. The findings show that more than half of the participating English teachers have negative opinion about the contribution of the related competencies to their professional identity and overall students´ knowledge, which was confirmed by the group of examined students. However, teacher training programs could benefit from the practi-cal experiences of teachers and their suggestions while making adaptations in teacher training both at pre-service and in-service level.


Elementary Bayesian Statistics is a thorough and easily accessible introduction to the theory and practical application of Bayesian statistics. It presents methods to assist in the collection, summary and presentation of numerical data.


ILZE OLCKERS reports on a submission drawn-up to contextualise gender for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. What truth will be recorded, she asks, without an enabling enviroment for women to talk about the particular and gendered nature of their torture, suffering and their own loss?


The western social education of humanism goes through Renaissance,Enlighten Movement and modern society.Social education of humanism in renaissance is characterize by opposing God's control to men.In Enlighten Movement,it combats to autarchy.In modern society,Western social education of humanism is against money worship,calls the regress of human nature,accepts the existent of individual idea.Therefore,Western social education of humanism in every period has different meaning and character.


The invention discloses a high hardness abrasive resistance bi-component waterborne wood lacquer and a preparation method thereof. The bi-component waterborne wood lacqure comprises two components; wherein, component one is a hydroxyl component and comprises according to the parts by weight: 1-20 parts of deionized water, 60-80 parts of resin, 0.1-0.3 part of wetting agent, 0.3-1.0 part of dispersant, 0.03-0.3 part of foam killer, 0.5-1.0 part of nanometer SiO2, 10-20 parts of glass powder pulp, 0-3.0 parts of flatting agent, 1.0-3.0 parts of film forming addition agent, 0.3-1 part of wax addition agent, and 0.01-1.0 part of rheological agent; component two is an isocyanate component and comprises according to the parts by weight: 10-30 parts of PMP and 60-90 parts of firming agent. The invention has the following advantages that a pain film has higher pain film hardness and abrasive resistance, more prominent thermal stability, better contamination resistance and chemical resistance, long usage period, and is easy to be constructed.


Fenton's or modified Fenton's procedure is performed to widen the introitus in women with superficial dyspareunia secondary to scarring. The narrowing of introitus could be due to scarring secondary to perineal tears during childbirth or from conditions such as lichen sclerosus or vestibulitis. Though Fenton's procedure is more familiar with day to day gynaecological practice, very few papers were published in the literature. This procedure is routinely offered to women who suffer from superficial dyspareunia after childbirth.


Our previous study found that stomata in the leaves of Glycyrrhiza uralensis (licorice) could secrete salt crystals. In theory, secretion of salt should affect the normal functioning of stomata, thereby affecting the growth and development of G. uralensis; however, its population grows well. We suspect that there may be a trade-off between stomatal salt secretion and gas exchange from the leaves at different positions. Therefore, we compared stomatal salt secretion capacity, chlorophyll content, anatomical structure, net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance from the leaves at different positions of licorice. The stomata of lower leaves exhibited strongest salt secretion capacity, whereas the stomata of upper leaves did not secrete any salt. Additionally, the upper and middle leaves had significantly higher chlorophyll content than the lower leaves. The arrangement of mesophyll cells in the upper leaves was densest, and that in the lower leaves was least dense. The net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance in the upper leaves were highest, and those in the lower leaves were lowest. We conclude that the stomata of upper leaves are mainly used for gas exchange. In contrast, stomata of lower leaves, showing weak photosynthesis, are responsible for secreting excessive salt to maintain the inner ion balance and ensure normal metabolism in G. uralensis.


S (PH D THESIS) Studies on extracellular metabolites of white rot basidiomycete involved in selective lignin degradation (Graduate School ofAgriculture, Laboratory ofBiomass Conversion, RISH, Kyoto University)


A deep learning (DL)-based approach has been proposed to accurately model the relationship between design parameters and the Q factor of photonic crystal (PC) nanocavities. A convolutional neural network (CNN), which consists of two convolutional layers and three fully-connected layers is trained on a large-scale dataset consisting of 12,500 nanocavities. The experimental results show that the CNN is able to achieve a state-of-the-art performance in terms of prediction accuracy (i.e., up to 99.9999%) and convergence speed (i.e., orders-of-magnitude speedup). The proposed approach overcomes shortcomings of existing methods and paves the way for DL-based on-demand and data-driven optimization of PC nanocavities applicable to the rapid design of nanoscale lasers and photonic integrated circuits. We will open source the database and code as one of our main contributions to the photonics research community.


Problem StatementCurrently, identification methods for the thickness measurement of nanomaterials demand expensive and nonstandard equipment, impairing its continued study, practical applications, and industrial commercialization.The development of a novel and accurate thickness identification methodology is imperative for the continued study and potential commercialization of two-dimensional (2D) materials. Through experimentation, an effective and straightforward methodology has been produced for the thickness identification of MoS2 and In2 Se3 nanosheets on 300nm Si/SiO2 under optical microscopy from approximately single to decuple layer numbers. The optical contrast difference values of the atomically-thin nanostructures were collected throughout and arranged into a standard reference index which was correlated to height number in nanometers. Using this method, the thickness of a substance could be simply and accurately determined without the use of complex instrumentation, experimental setup, and calculation, therefore, saving time and financial costs.


This study explores the perceptions of primary school teachers of online learning in a program developed in Indonesia called School from Home during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Data were collected through surveys and semi-structured interviews with 67 class teachers in primary schools. Data analysis used thematic analysis of qualitative data. The analysis results found four main themes, namely, instructional strategies, challenges, support, and motivation of teachers. This research contributes to the literature of online collaborative learning between teachers, parents, and schools that impact student success. Broadly, the success of online learning in Indonesia during the COVID-19 Pandemic was determined by the readiness of technology in line with the national humanist curriculum, support and collaboration from all stakeholders, including government, schools, teachers, parents and the community.


Objective To observe whether Calcium Dibutyryladenosine Cyclophosphate for injection has vascular stimulation,hemolytic,and anaphylactic. Method Using guinea pigs and rabbits as experimental animals,which were injected Calcium Dibutyryladenosine Cyclophosphate for injection,we have been observed the stimulation reaction on blood vessel of rabbits,hemolytic and agglomeration reaction on vitro-body red cell of rabbits and the anaphylactic reaction on guinea pigs. Results The results showed no stimulation reaction on blood vessel of rabbits,no hemolytic and agglomeration reaction on vitrobody red cell of rabbits and no anaphylactic action on guinea pigs. Conclusion Calcium Dibutyryladenosine Cyclophosphate for injection has no stimulation,hemolytic,and anaphylactic reaction. This safety of preparation was proved.


The invention relates to an evaluation of the current process coupling factor (k) between an electromagnetic transponder and a terminal, and a transponder employing this method, wherein a ratio (r) between information representative of a voltage the terminals of a resonant circuit of the transponder and obtained for two values (C2, C2) in capacitance of the oscillating circuit, is compared to one or more thresholds (r1, r, r2).


We analyze in detail the spatial distribution and kinematic properties of two different stellar populations in Andromeda II (And II) dwarf spheroidal galaxy. We obtained their detailed surface density maps, together with their radial density profiles. The two populations differ not only in age and metallicity, but also in their spatial distribution and kinematics. Old stars ($\gtrsim 11$ Gyr) follow a round distribution well fitted by truncated density profiles. These stars rotate around the projected optical major axis of the galaxy with line-of-sight velocities $v_{los}(r_h) = 16 \pm 3$ km s$^{-1}$ and a velocity gradient of $2.06 \pm 0.21$ km s$^{-1}$ arcmin$^{-1}$. Intermediate-age stars ($\lesssim 9$ Gyr) concentrate in the centre of the galaxy and form an elongated structure extending along the projected optical major axis. This structure appears to rotate with a velocity gradient of $2.24 \pm 0.22$ km s$^{-1}$ arcmin$^{-1}$, and around the optical minor axis. The centres of rotation and kinetic position angles (PA$_{\rm kin}$) of both populations differ. For intermediate-age stars we obtained PA$_{\rm kin} = 18^\circ \pm 2^\circ$ and for the old ones PA$_{\rm kin} = 63^\circ \pm 3^\circ$ in good agreement with photometric PA measured from isopleths fitted to the photometry. We conclude that the two stellar populations may not be fully relaxed and thus be the result of a merger occurred at redshift $z\sim 1.75$.


ABSTRACT

The background of this study weak of Problem solving Pythagoras math class VIII students of SMP Kasatriyan 1 Surakarta C. The purpose of this study to describe inprovement of SMP Kasatriyan 1 Surakarta student is solving math problem with Pythagoras by using Problem Based Learning. This study belongs to action class research. The technique of collecting data are observation, testing, field notes, and documentation. The results showed that the improvement of SMP Kasatriyan 1 Surakarta student in solving math problem with Pythagoras can be seen from: 1. Showing understanding the problem Pythagorasfrom before 5 students (22,73%) and afterthe action increase become 14 students (63,64%) 2. Choose this breaking problem methods Pythagoras as correct from before 3 students (13,64%) and after the action increase become 13 students (59,09%) 3. Finishing problem Pythagoras principle from before 4 students (18,18%) and after the action become 13 students (59,09%). Based on the dta above can be concluded that the applying of Problem become Based Learning can be improve math problem Pythagoras.
Keywords: Problem solving, Pythagoras, Problem Based Learning


In this Article, a green chemical synthetic route was developed to synthesize Te/C nanocables by using glucose as reducing agent and carbon source, Na2TeO3 as a tellurium source, and surfactant cet...


Consider the possibility of using carbon nanotubes as a sample mount for individual biomolecules in a diffraction microscopy apparatus. You should consider this question in the context of developing a generalpurpose method to replace the huge efforts currently employed in structural biology. For example, can you think of a way to make arbitrary proteins stick to a nanotube (at some low linear density)? Will there be problems getting the molecule-coated nanotube into the high vacuum environment of the electron microscope? Can the nanotube be rotated in order to obtain multiple views, or should one translate the tube along its length and thereby expose other molecules, with different orientations, to the beam? Please consider some of these practical issues and of course any others that occur to you. If it looks like this proposal has serious problems you are only expected to bring them to light, not solve them!


This paper describes the ascending and descending speed operation principle and design method of stepping motor with S3C44B0X+uClinux robotic platform system. This method avoids loss of synchronism and shock of stepping motor when stepping mo-tor is started and stopped in high frequency instance. The dive program of stepping motor equipment is developed with the basic character equipment idea. The stepping motor is eassily run and controlled by the basic write and ioctl order in uClinux user state.


Directors of a company that fails to remit promptly to the ATO amounts deducted from employees' wages as PAYG (or similar) instalments are exposed to the possibility of very onerous penalties under Div 9 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936. The Div 9 penalty regime can have severe - and sometimes unfair - personal impact on directors who blunder into it (as the decisions in Saunig, Dick, and inferentially Perdikaris illustrate).

The risk is particularly high because the range of people caught as "directors" under Div 9 is very wide, while the defences available to avoid liability are potentially narrow.

However, there may be a glimmer of light for beleagured directors in the decision of the NSW Court of Appeal in DFC of T v Freudenstein 2007 ATC 5113. There, in a laudably brief judgment, the Full Court upheld the director's claim to have "reasonable grounds" to expect that their company would comply with a s222ALA agreement to pay the unremitted amount by instalments.

Too much should not be made of a single and very short decision - and there are many other snares awaiting a careless step - however, Freudenstein reflects a pragmatic and sensible approach to construing a Div 9 defence.


Much of the recent work in morphosyntax1 has focused on characterizing the distinctive properties of clitic elements and the grammatical role of cliticization rules in the languages of the world. Special emphasis has been placed on distinguishing clitic elements from other types of bound morphemes, devising typologies for clitics, and locating rules of cli ticization within the grammar as a whole. Though not a necessary feature of such studies, the syntactic framework most often used has been sonte form of transformational grammar. In this thesis I will look at the phenomenon of cliticization from the point of view of a relatively new theory of syntax, that of Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar2. In particular I will examine two forms of English cliticization, Auxiliary Reduction and Complementizer Contraction, which have not received an adequate treatment in transformational grammars and show how they can be accounted for easily and elegantly within the GPSG framework. In a more general vein, I will also show that the nature of syntactic rules in GPSG in part predicts the existence of a separate component within the grammar for cliticization rules; a division independently argued for by many other researchers . The two types of cliticization I will be interested in here are Auxiliary Reduction (AR) and Complementizer Contraction (CC). AR is responsible for alternations such as the one in (0.1), CC for those like (0.2):


Solute transport in unsaturated soil is a scale- and flow rate-dependent process, and high quality experimental studies are needed to introduce scaling relationships in the governing flow and transport models. Within this paper, we present an experimental study to characterize the solute transport for an unsaturated and undisturbed subsoil monolith sampled in a sandy aquifer. Leaching experiments were performed at different flow rates, and solute breakthrough at different positions in the monolith was measured by time domain reflectometry (TDR) probes. At TDR probe scale, the transport is assessed as being a convective-dispersive process with mixing lengths 1 m. At the bottom of the monolith, the meso-scale dispersivity is at least two times larger than the local-scale dispersivity. In addition, this meso-scale dispersivity can be successfully predicted using a stream tube model in combination with a local scale convective-dispersive process. Important scale effects are also observed in the relationship between the square coefficient of variation of the local velocities and the dispersivity. In contrast to previous studies, we do not observe a significant difference in transport properties for different flow rates (from 1.05 to 54.16 cm d(-1)). We attribute this insignificance either to a balance between the decrease of the tortuosity and the increase of the coefficient of variation of the velocity with the flow rate or a non-dependency of both terms on the flow rate.


From various history told that contract marriage is the sharia that is derived from the form of prophet ordinances. Although the Prophet himself was not perpetrator of contract marriage but the reaction and response of the Apostle to behavior of contract marriage the companions quite a legitimacy about the rules of implementation. The basic principle of a contract marriage in the Apostle is to protect human dignity. Not only related to the interests of men who are the contract marriage, but also consider the benefits of women who are married by contract. Therefore, even though human life has undergone change and development, still when we want to perform the contract marriage must adhere to the basic principles. Keywords— contract marriage; existence; urgency


The aim of this paper is to study, in a systematic way, relationships and first-order characterizations among several classes of vector-valued functions which are possible extensions of scalar concave, quasiconcave and pseudoconcave functions. These classes are defined by using three order relations generated by a cone C or the interior of C, or the cone C without the origin.


With the use of an alkaliphilic bacterium, Corynebacterium humireducens MFC‐5, this study investigated the reduction of goethite (α‐FeOOH) and degradation of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) mediated by different humic substances (humics) and quinones in alkaline conditions (pH of 9.0). The results indicated that (i) using sucrose as the electron donor, the strain MFC‐5 was capable of reducing anthraquinone‐2,6‐disulfonic acid (AQDS), anthraquinone‐2‐disulfonic acid (AQS), anthraquinone‐2‐carboxylic acid (AQC), humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA), and its reducing capability ranked as AQC > AQS > AQDS > FA > HA; (ii) the anaerobic reduction of α‐FeOOH and 2,4‐D by the strain was insignificant, while the reductions were greatly enhanced by the addition of quinones/humics serving as redox mediators; (iii) the Fe(III) reduction rate was positively related to the content of quinone functional groups and the electron‐accepting capacities (EAC) of quinones/humics based on fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and electrochemical analyses; however, such a relationship was not found in 2,4‐D degradation probably because quinone reduction was not the rate‐limiting step of quinone‐mediated reduction of 2,4‐D. Using the example of α‐FeOOH and 2,4‐D, this study well demonstrated the important role of humics reduction on the Fe(III)/Fe(II) biogeochemical cycle and chlorinated organic compounds degradation in alkaline reducing environments.


The study is divided into three parts, viz., (a) The normal monthly rainfall charts during monsoon months for Madhya Pradesh and Vidarbha have been presented and the results of the analysis discussed; (b) The spatial distribution of rainfall associated with monsoon depressions moving across Central India has been depicted and a method to forecast the same has been described; and (c) The character of rainfall at different places in and around a low-level convergence zone occurring over the above area has been brought out with the help of self-recording rainguage charts and its usefulness in local forecasting has been indicated.


Prof. Flew's main purpose in God and Philosophy (Hutchinson, London, 1966) is 'to develop and to examine a case for Christian theism' (1, 1). But in next to no time he shows his reader that here, as with the New York Commissioner for Air Pollution, 'for' really means 'against'. For Flew's aim is to attack Christian theism and to develop the argument against it. One of his fellow-humanists rightly reviewed this book under the title 'A Case for Atheism'. As the case for atheism is being developed one quickly loses faith in the assurance that this 'philosopher of religion has … no business to be counsel for either the prosecution or the defence' and aspires to resemble most of all the examining magistrate (2, 3). Soon we are told that an attack should and shall be launched against the heart of the quinta via of Aquinas (3, 19, etc.). This is not just a slip of the pen for indeed the book contains a number of attacks on Aquinas. Of course Aquinas is not the only Christian theist who is attacked but he is Flew's chief individual target.


Abstract : Objectives: 1. Demonstrate molecular control for the MOCVD growth of gallium and indium chalcogenides. 2. Demonstrate a molecular model approach to the prediction of suitable binding groups to semiconductor surfaces. 3. Demonstrate the application of surface coordination chemistry to the control over the electronic properties of semiconductor nanoparticles.


Received: 27 March 2021 Revised received: 15 May 2021 Accepted: 19 June 2021 The management of municipal solid always poses serious environmental problems on land, air, and groundwater, especially in the case of developing countries. The characterization and assessment of leachates are necessary to understand the water quality in the urban region as well as has enormous importance in sustaining the livelihoods of people in the riverine environment maintaining the ecological balance. Landfill leachate contains thousands of complex components, which contaminate the nearby water bodies, and communities with several hazardous ingredients. The present study was conducted to assess the influence of landfill leachates on the quality of Seti River water. The samples were collected from four stations (Tatopani, Ramghat, Landfill, Below landfill, and Kotre). The samples were analyzed for pH, total hardness, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, turbidity, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity (EC), Cl, NH3, and PO4 3by standard methods. The pH and EC were measured in situ whereas other parameters were analyzed in the laboratory adopting standard protocols. The physicochemical parameters of river water and that of leachates were compared to monitor the level of contamination. The research reveals the landfill to have insignificant pollution of water on matching the parameters with World Health Organization (WHO) guideline values. Regular monitoring of the quality of river water and sustainable management of solid waste is essential for the ecological quality and integrity of the environment in the region. Scientific information obtained by this study could contribute to policymakers for the sustainable management of water quality and landfill in the downstream and urban segments of the river basins.


With the development of the social economy, social problems are becoming increasingly prominent. Solving social problems only by the government and public welfare organizations is difficult. Social enterprises offer opportunities for sustainable solutions to social problems; however, social enterprises generally face the problem of poor performance. Although previous studies provide some clues on the impact of social relations on social enterprise performance, whether social relations impact performance remains unknown, and the mechanism remains unclear. Based on resource-based theory, our study proposes the role of business model innovation as the intervening mechanism. Market information management capability enhances the positive effect of social relations on business model innovation. The findings from a survey of 198 Chinese social enterprises show that social relations have a significant positive impact on economic performance and social performance and that business model innovation plays a mediating role between social relations and performance. Market information management capability plays a positive moderating role between social relations and business model innovation. The research results enrich the research on the influencing factors of social enterprise performance, reveal the influencing mechanism and boundary conditions of social relations on social enterprise performance, and propose effective practical measures for improving social enterprise performance.


Students learn in different ways: Seeing and hearing, reflecting, or simply and intuitively logical reasoning. Teaching methods also vary and, moreover, are in constant development so as to achieve consistency between what students are looking for and what the instructor does to achieve the successful completion of this process. In search tools through which this process is able to improve, have been used in games based activities (recreational), used as support tools has been successful in changing attitudes and motivation in students. Below are the results of two processes at universities in Bogota, Colombia.


Informative algorithms, tables, and high-quality color photographs supplement many of the chapters in this conveniently-sized volume. For practicality and ease of use, one can do no better than this guide to infectious disease.


Experimental research on the H 2 / air continuous rotating detonation wave has been carried out on two model engines,which use the injector-injector and slot-injector impinging injection schemes respectively. Tangentially injected H 2 / O 2 hotshot jet has been used to ignite the engines successfully. Based on the PCB measurements and optical observations,the detonation wave propagation process has been analyzed. Both transient and long-time lasting two-wave collision propagation phenomena have been observed. Under the two-wave collision mode,there are two detonation waves propagating along the opposite direction in the combustor,colliding with each other periodically. Its high frequency pressure distribution presents different oscillation characteristics,which is mainly influenced by the angle between the pressure sensor location and the collision point. It is believed that to realize this rotating mode there should be an annular zone of fresh H 2 / air mixtures located at the top of the detonation wave.


Introduction There is a remarkably strong corporatist current flowing in South Africa The major actors labour, capital and the state are so caught up in it that they are hardly aware of the fact that they have become part of the current As a result there is still a debate going on in labour and left circles about the merits and demerits of entering into social accords which are usually corporatist agreements (See Callinicos, 1992; and Vally, 1992). The starting point of this paper is different. Given that social accords are being entered into at various levels in the South African economy, what lessons can be learned, especially by the labour movement, of running an economy by means of social accords. The reason why this paper focuses on corporatism rather than social accords is because an extensive and insightful international literature has developed on corporatism that draws on the experiences of many countries over a long period of time. It is my belief that there is much that can be learned from these experiences and this paper is an effort to draw some of the salient lessons for the trade union movement in South Africa. Before commencing with international experiences of corporatism the paper deals with three issues. First, it discusses the concept 'corporatism' and its contemporary meaning in social theory. The distinction between corporatism and social contract (or social accord, or whatever name is used) is also presented. Second, the paper points to the need for corporatism in South Africa. The arguments are presented on economic grounds, although there are also pressing social and political reasons for corporatist arrangements in South Africa. For instance, social accords appear to be essential to try to put an end to the high levels of violence tearing apart an already fragmented society. Third, the different types of corporatist arrangements which the trade union movement is participating in are presented.


A foreigner arriving in Peru is always surprised at the number of adobe constructions, made from sundried bricks of mud. From grand colonial palaces to simple field enclosures, from the crumbling pyramids of the ancient Moche civilization to the humble homes of poor farmers, these non-fired bricks are an integral part of the Peruvian landscape, particularly along the Pacific coast where it hardly ever rains.


Blood transfusion is frequently performed in intensive care. We carried out a prospective study with the objective of evaluating transfusion practices in the emergency room, transfusion thresholds, mortality, prognostic factors and transfusion deviations of labile blood products (LBP) compared to the recommendations of learned societies.This prospective survey was conducted in the vital emergency department of the Ibn Tofail hospital in Marrakech over a period of 6 months, and made it possible to collect data from 50 patients transfused in the emergency room. The mean age was 38±17 years. Patients with no particular pathological history accounted for 10% of cases. The mean SOFA score was 6.34 and the mean APACHE II score was 19.5. Indications for blood transfusion were dominated by hemodynamic instability (71.9%), acute hemorrhage (23.1%) and clinical intolerance of anemia (3.8%). Packed red blood cells (GC) were the most transfused blood product (76.9% of the total amount of transfused LBPs) followed by fresh frozen plasma (FFP) (8.1%) and platelet packs (CP) (1. 3%). The average consumption of CG was 2.3 ± 0.7 units per patient. His transfusion threshold responded to a restrictive strategy. The prescriptions complied with the recommendations of the Afsaps. The average consumption of PFC was 5.27±1.22 units per patient. Five transfusion episodes were deemed inappropriate. CPs were only transfused in 9 study patients. The average consumption was 4.4± 1.3 CP per patient. A single transfusion discrepancy was observed in a single patient. The mean hospital stay was 4±2.5 days. The mean hemoglobin transfusion threshold was 8.3±1.6 g/dl versus 10.3±1.6 g/dl post-transfusion.The mortality rate in the study was 36.9%. Transfusion was not a risk factor for mortality. Six patients developed post-transfusion accidents. Hyperthermia, the initial severity of the disease (high APACHE II and SOFA scores), coagulopathy and renal insufficiency were considered to be poor prognostic factors.


New forms of careers have received increased attention in contemporary organizational research. A prominent focus in this research has been whether and how, in an increasingly unpredictable career environment, individuals are taking responsibility for their own career development. The implication is that career is becoming less central to organizational management practices. At the same time there is evidence that organizational changes typically described in this literature (such as delayering the organization in a quest for flexibility) have had a negative impact on career progress, resulting in resistance to change. The implication here is that career concerns are more central to organizational management practices. This in-depth qualitative case study examines whether individuals do in fact take more responsibility for their career development during times of organizational change. We also examine whether this does indeed mean that the organization takes less responsibility for career management. Our data indicate that individuals are, in fact, taking more responsibility for their own careers. At the same time we found that the organization in our case study also became more actively involved in career development and management. However, this active approach did not resemble traditional top-down career management and development. To us, the pattern of organizational and individual career development actions appear to constitute a kind of 'organizational dance,' a highly interactive mutual influence process, in which both parties are at once the agent and the target of career influence. Strengths and limitations of the study are discussed, as are directions for future research. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


One kind of regulating valve comprises a motor, the valve spool and sleeve housing. When it is desired pressure, the motor drives the spool rotates, the first passage and the high pressure inlet pipe butt, the second high-pressure delivery pipe passage butt, so that the hydraulic oil into the hydraulic device from the high-pressure tank. Pressure return line opening is positioned closing the top of the core was closed. When it is desired reduced pressure, the motor drives the spool rotates, the second output channel and the high-pressure pipe butt, a first pressure passage and the return line butt, under the action of low pressure hydraulic oil tank, the hydraulic device is sucked from the low pressure after the re-press-fitting the high pressure reservoir tank for re-allocation. A core positioned within the top slot stroke, high-pressure feed pipe outer wall of the valve body opening is closed. When parked still required, the motor will rotate the spool to the high pressure inlet pipe port, a high pressure outlet nozzle and the return line pressure ports are closed state. Adjusting the flow direction of the hydraulic oil and the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil path according to the actual situation. At the same time provide a central hydraulic pump.


Research in construction automation and robotics has increased in popularity over the past few years. Although interest is high in the research and education communities, sustaining robust programs is difficult due to the diverse interests of constituents associated with the research and development process. The main goal of this paper is to convince building designers and managers to incorporate robotic systems when managing modern buildings. The premise of this paper is that there is a need to de velop and maintain strong construction automation and robotics programs. This paper studies recent applications for robots and automation in the construction industry and sets opportunities and challenges through a new framework for better planning and control of construction equipment operation. One way to assist in this goal is to address the concerns of the constituencies of research and development by focusing on a process leading to implementation. The interests of the constituents of the research and development process are examined, a process leading to implementation is presented, and results from a recently completed research project are presented as an example of the process. It is concluded that a systematic approach such as the one presented will enhance the success of construction automation and robotics programs as well as lead to faster adoption of advanced technologies for field applications. Index Term-Robotic, Automation, Construction, Modern buildings, Industry


Oil and gas exploration in the basins and subbasins of the Rio Grande rift has increased in intensity within the last two decades. Of particular interest is the coal gas and oil and gas potential of the Hagan embayment. Abundant oil and gas shows in all of the wells drilled to date as well as oil shows in uranium core holes in the area and oil staining on the outcrop are strong indications of the potential for this area. The proven presence of good source rocks, adequate maturity, and quality reservoir rocks underscore the potential. Abundant stratigraphic potential as well as structural anomalies in the area suggest traps and trapping mechanisms are present. Of particular interest is the shallow coal gas potential of the Hagan embayment where all the wells drilled through Menefee coals have had significant gas shows and where well log characteristics suggest net coal thickness of 25 to 90 ft with R{sub 0} of 0.5 to 1.5 in the basin. Water wells drilled into coals in the area of the Hagan embayment have flared gas 4 to 6 ft from coals at less than 300 ft.


union theological seminary The practice and study of religion has long and deep roots. For decades, noted sociologists, historians, and philosophers have engaged the subject of religion as a social, political, historical, ethical, and economic question to explore. In the Puerto Rican experience, religion has played a vital role beginning with indigenous roots in the Caribbean, the Spanish colonial legacy, African-based religions brought to the New World, the introduction of U.S. Protestantism in the nineteenth century, and the arrival of native Pentecostalism due to a Puerto Rican diaspora experience in Hawaii, and the U.S.A. This special issue is dedicated to the study of religion as it pertains to Puerto Rican reality both in the Caribbean and the diaspora. Special attention is desired in areas related to ethnographic studies, methodological considerations, constructive proposals for research, and comparative studies. The rise and impact of Pentecostalism, native evangelicalism, African-based religions, popular religiosity, religion and the colonial status of Puerto Rico, and the role of religion and the ecology are especially welcome. This issue also wishes to explore and analyze how individuals/communities reconstruct, negotiate, and live out their religious/spiritual lives in urban and inner city contexts. We encourage studies that specialize in questions of race, gender, and ethnicity, as well as specialized papers on issues related to the struggle for integral liberation within a globalized and neo-capitalist world order. Diverse points of view are sought. Interdisciplinary and multicultural studies are desired, along with constructive proposals for doing religious research and the implications of Puerto Rican religiosity in the twenty-first century.


Antilock braking (ABS) systems are a combination of hydromechanical braking components with switching solenoids and relays which operate the brakes in response to wheel and vehicle speed information. The control law which calculates the braking is a complex set of logical rules designed to allow for variations in road conditions and the nonlinear nature of tyre friction characteristics. The piecewise linear action of the actuator components (solenoids and relays) and the logical control rules make it difficult to analyse the dynamical behaviour of an ABS using conventional methods. The paper describes the analysis and subsequent redesign of an ABS using a new method for studying the dynamical behaviour of piecewise linear systems. The method is applied to a conventionally designed ABS controller. Undesirable performance features, not evident from conventional simulation and testing procedure, are found and the controller is redesigned to give a satisfactory dynamical performance.